{"meta":{"query_hash":"4b45519feca1","filters":{"topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning"},"cohort_total":679,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":679,"exported":679,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/4b45519feca1","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?topic=Problem+and+Project+Based+Learning"},"results":[{"id":"W11347159","doi":"","title":"Bridging Classroom and Lab Teaching in Audiology Using Problem Based Learning","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Practicum; Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Discipline; Psychology; Computer science; Medical education; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.019272707435933754,"score_gpt":0.3049957844132779,"score_spread":0.28572307697734417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W11347159","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8005574,0.00008325017,0.076251574,0.0016620816,0.000087089276,0.00023809163,2.3211717e-7,0.00023205881,0.12088826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9766429,0.000006858892,0.022238247,0.00039060749,0.000140768,0.0000051280035,0.0000018432196,0.000013051034,0.0005605765],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997489,0.001410948,0.00021080443,0.00027633813,0.00015311429,0.00045984445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993491,0.0003832525,0.000092965696,0.000073067524,0.000018933628,0.00008263724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004658446,0.00010518265,0.00018110438,0.00018018461,0.0007931929,0.00009788527,0.000111651265,0.00011825377,0.00007300105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00072703825,0.00010379266,0.000029549059,0.0001973591,0.00011459495,0.00021669293,0.00004929114,0.0005414594,0.000006508724],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019067013,0.000027998969,0.7753409,0.00005098833,0.000007558452,0.00000550155,0.011572617,0.011935003,0.0031276,0.041581232,0.00006786564,0.15626368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029105535,0.00035384673,0.031293754,0.00055592944,0.000040947263,0.000012052461,0.008645869,0.71517116,0.00027332435,0.007105614,0.2323458,0.00129115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0075264582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035673156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74404716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000085804604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012956788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W133034660","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-2515-7_2","title":"A Backward Glance, the Forward Gaze: Evaluation in Problem-Based Courses","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; St. Joseph's Hospital; Robarts Clinical Trials; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Mantra; Gaze; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.06423539194469068,"score_gpt":0.32341124856249603,"score_spread":0.25917585661780534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W133034660","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000020979218,0.0008458817,0.0004756868,0.0020253586,0.00023269573,0.0016171645,0.000008670413,0.000110056644,0.9946635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.043398622,0.0007395873,0.0019533234,0.001522023,0.00065850164,0.00035583397,0.0000882033,0.00009180105,0.9511921],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974862,0.0003615284,0.00036610634,0.00039543823,0.0009659832,0.0004247763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871993,0.0003122371,0.00028621976,0.00031527755,0.00028434704,0.000082009756],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004708309,0.00026482795,0.0003068718,0.00020770177,0.00040395418,0.00009648622,0.00047639804,0.00041296578,0.008664673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016947939,0.00019041183,0.00015193746,0.000118569355,0.00032525175,0.00014781067,0.000039891012,0.00056141464,0.00039462754],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008306965,0.00004192746,0.0009482299,0.0000794006,0.0000570447,0.000007326713,0.0076072128,0.0001873943,0.0000028706918,0.8045502,0.017581882,0.16885348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043785965,0.00006611393,0.00007855305,0.00029391955,0.00007729552,3.5635145e-7,0.00024018211,0.00016980577,0.000005718037,0.09311115,0.9051987,0.000320359],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033943846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019754633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8876168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024908045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019281483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1464210999","doi":"10.5530/ijper.50.1.5","title":"Implementation of Total Quality Management in Higher Pharmaceutical Education: Opportunity and Challenge.","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Novelis (Canada)","funders":"Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Dezhou University; Shandong University","keywords":"Curriculum; Quality (philosophy); Total quality management; China; Pharmacy; Face (sociological concept); Higher education; Medical education; Engineering ethics; Political science; Sociology; Medicine; Business; Pedagogy; Engineering; Nursing; Marketing; Social science","score_opus":0.3060731886074791,"score_gpt":0.5947612117928399,"score_spread":0.2886880231853608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1464210999","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9157374,0.0022811887,0.000018453273,0.06454456,0.000602409,0.00039943762,0.0000034817624,0.000005495386,0.016407577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936227,0.004689144,0.00023134344,0.00021384438,0.00030238225,0.000013871721,8.180222e-7,0.000005627652,0.0009202664],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997146,0.0013564222,0.0004430673,0.00014540144,0.00060835475,0.00030075072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99845403,0.00040131318,0.00014298249,0.000067735455,0.0004078883,0.00052605185],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006187456,0.000071001705,0.00014422822,0.0004506639,0.0001981716,0.00005254006,0.00012989754,0.00006794462,0.0018410794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023777188,0.000053599262,0.000032429434,0.00034182408,0.000448216,0.00033827292,0.000054459684,0.00038731244,0.0000041631824],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082030594,0.00045424653,0.011735146,0.00013078013,0.000028448309,0.000008028042,0.009415197,1.0294587e-7,0.00048529654,0.03645681,0.00050336466,0.94070053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006089683,0.00065715134,0.27289805,0.000933364,0.00009467266,0.000091408794,0.22620824,0.0000069684443,0.0037286973,0.020376246,0.4683744,0.0005411359],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024198464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000460525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94015944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015292848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020043077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99907136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1495785499","doi":"10.2196/jmir.3922","title":"Medical Student and Tutor Perceptions of Video Versus Text in an Interactive Online Virtual Patient for Problem-Based Learning: A Pilot Study","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Medical Internet Research","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"NOSM University","funders":"","keywords":"Virtual patient; Thematic analysis; Context (archaeology); TUTOR; Formative assessment; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Interactive video; Multimedia; Descriptive statistics; Intervention (counseling); Psychology; Computer science; Qualitative research; Mathematics education; Medicine","score_opus":0.17042537734823313,"score_gpt":0.5239379259548598,"score_spread":0.3535125486066266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1495785499","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99382895,0.000103553044,0.0007378639,0.0041843243,0.0002575865,0.0006013661,0.0000027004032,0.000009237379,0.00027444397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990551,0.00005102477,0.00034252874,0.00006083117,0.00031938846,0.00003451975,0.0000037187972,0.000013046411,0.00011983723],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99026793,0.003356271,0.00078524085,0.00023499792,0.0049356725,0.00041989403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99468756,0.002751114,0.000264927,0.00010077768,0.001213312,0.0009823169],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.020162348,0.000111689566,0.00036633236,0.0005460942,0.00011826857,0.000098384364,0.00075988035,0.0001436265,0.0006283727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017461238,0.000085682484,0.000059873168,0.00038479883,0.0006094167,0.00027406562,0.00023651858,0.0020560385,0.0000036674844],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.024180656,0.028492564,0.20602332,0.00011362934,0.00036290791,0.0005589947,0.41316316,0.00042819502,0.00025233856,0.0016481745,0.0040324326,0.32074365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.025380647,0.22090931,0.015117944,0.0018547561,0.00006519618,0.000024787292,0.700296,0.013461484,0.000048417554,0.0003528861,0.022122521,0.00036603192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034783892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010980305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32037762,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038261546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0029174483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9908151},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1496690845","doi":"10.23865/hu.v5.778","title":"Courses for tutors in problem-based learning. Current challenges at four Swedish universities","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Högre utbildning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Problem-based learning; Construct (python library); Mathematics education; Medical education; Task (project management); Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Medicine; Engineering","score_opus":0.12264679118145154,"score_gpt":0.3520954524796438,"score_spread":0.22944866129819225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1496690845","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79300606,0.022183685,0.0026273502,0.013023483,0.002703802,0.0029712906,0.000027666112,0.0013011469,0.16215552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944294,0.0003050889,0.0019462871,0.00006518703,0.00036063787,0.00007082631,0.000021477772,0.00003097226,0.0027701352],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980131,0.00038021806,0.000220455,0.0003431832,0.00043355132,0.00060948654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887305,0.00044071922,0.00017154896,0.00011763777,0.00019443489,0.00020259882],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021219642,0.00017665878,0.00024014321,0.0002444886,0.0006333351,0.00007717016,0.00026046846,0.00010908047,0.00005934512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042911625,0.00018644215,0.00009265789,0.00028886602,0.00018042247,0.00033190686,0.00006896213,0.0003169917,0.000027409798],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007463118,0.00034016927,0.28070217,0.0008475304,0.00008181978,0.00008363564,0.3268113,0.041535106,0.000051960287,0.056204896,0.010361044,0.282234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016676132,0.00022280775,0.0011508276,0.0003855671,0.000026388616,0.000001321854,0.05648665,0.0016851493,0.000047724,0.00092114654,0.93698514,0.00041967368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007962085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028055992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92662406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00065349595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011423358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.760289},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1499444559","doi":"","title":"Comparison of problem based learning with traditional teaching as perceived by the students of Rawalpindi Medical College","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rawal Medical Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Problem-based learning; Syllabus; Medical education; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.021366194987027454,"score_gpt":0.3660288548517526,"score_spread":0.34466265986472516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1499444559","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825964,0.00006893687,0.001557665,0.0076845693,0.00026634106,0.00024205004,0.0000074990617,0.00002886782,0.007547659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99789685,0.000019015115,0.0010727358,0.00033473986,0.00048705138,0.000008684271,0.000009857054,0.0000151765435,0.00015586821],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9918643,0.0015425403,0.00066842884,0.00018315564,0.005317912,0.00042366167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99703413,0.0014983336,0.00052246405,0.00010190718,0.00018521823,0.00065797166],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007633217,0.00015063016,0.0003946153,0.00010322249,0.0013581952,0.00006540943,0.0010883035,0.00027463544,0.004301789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0038626809,0.0000940602,0.00012033184,0.00026504006,0.00096598954,0.00015574532,0.000052178097,0.004141033,0.000007008936],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005719368,0.002134105,0.8510749,0.000101530175,0.00030606845,0.00014560827,0.039416794,0.00019544437,0.0016759259,0.01373968,0.010370048,0.08026797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.030096214,0.010198139,0.48579845,0.0069371727,0.0007334323,0.0017815095,0.102059886,0.01985333,0.0014329511,0.004680918,0.33394536,0.002482657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005457609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006862826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36527646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055509438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027040374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999419},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1500798227","doi":"","title":"Finding Balance in the Educational System: A Problem-Based Learning Experience","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Reading (process); Process (computing); Feeling; Conceptualization; Teamwork; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Action (physics); Psychology; Mathematics education; Reflection (computer programming); Computer science; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Management","score_opus":0.02953134567429731,"score_gpt":0.2516642753643142,"score_spread":0.22213292969001688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1500798227","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43221545,0.00007592696,0.0007100413,0.0022842172,0.000089295514,0.00042747488,0.000024391109,0.00013442832,0.56403875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99382335,0.000010763403,0.000118997144,0.000058161997,0.000029696579,0.000005159056,0.000017214177,0.000008411214,0.0059282756],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984593,0.00037837247,0.0001499623,0.00024861537,0.0003451393,0.00041865124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990529,0.0005280324,0.00011751111,0.00015175714,0.000062263396,0.00008755848],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037341114,0.00012664571,0.00013198452,0.0002880964,0.001048469,0.0003305175,0.00057203585,0.000053161784,0.00010621815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014167615,0.00012283034,0.0000645413,0.0013126784,0.00023776393,0.000871302,0.00005590751,0.0003387903,0.00007133062],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000090968686,0.00053574913,0.6082636,0.00015554273,0.00003741363,0.00031823802,0.23540987,0.010781333,0.0000519117,0.13035786,0.0017167395,0.012280757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012373137,0.0001845954,0.005916087,0.00042971404,0.000019707073,0.000010449624,0.100135505,0.006882513,0.000021597458,0.0005876979,0.8838196,0.0007552317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00087282434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00050959253,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88210285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002930276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001674218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80640817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1511907741","doi":"10.4000/ripes.221","title":"Analyse des stratégies d’apprentissage dans une méthode d’apprentissage par problèmes : le cas d’étudiantes en soins infirmiers","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue internationale de pédagogie de l’enseignement supérieur","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Musée de la Civilisation","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Philosophy; Psychology","score_opus":0.0512993199508533,"score_gpt":0.3282982149138531,"score_spread":0.2769988949629998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1511907741","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8748014,0.010230983,0.04167694,0.02384116,0.0008290517,0.0010842378,0.00026312767,0.00038867042,0.046884432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9553605,0.004666826,0.015401622,0.00036290727,0.0007455794,0.000115431336,0.00018734785,0.00007350078,0.023086306],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9939649,0.0014603375,0.0011139566,0.0009863965,0.00086944667,0.0016049274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972278,0.00081010605,0.00061349524,0.00053154695,0.0003376338,0.0004794173],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022726564,0.00069095916,0.00070295925,0.00045463175,0.0013547639,0.0005707852,0.0012081013,0.00047554827,0.00076739816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00090057036,0.00083117606,0.0005516399,0.0013701313,0.00088036637,0.0011548693,0.00019799403,0.0008794061,0.00011866344],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001761498,0.0020254946,0.094915934,0.00085581286,0.0012878852,0.001470276,0.6101842,0.016083466,0.010665097,0.08313389,0.010331793,0.16887003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040081963,0.0014000464,0.23415643,0.0036638328,0.0012138814,0.0005020745,0.53038335,0.016585346,0.012685257,0.08022295,0.111840725,0.003337908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009272829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02150248,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16553213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019790453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018607777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1524192031","doi":"","title":"A Novel Interactive Online Module in a Traditional Curriculum through a Blended Learning Approach.","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Prosthodontics; Test (biology); Curriculum; Mathematics education; Session (web analytics); Medical education; Computer science; Psychology; Dentistry; Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.05120293245543567,"score_gpt":0.3219875752781104,"score_spread":0.2707846428226747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1524192031","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18544888,0.00013421822,0.06799387,0.008158687,0.00017935286,0.0006780137,0.000013674393,0.00042455413,0.73696876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96790546,0.000024130299,0.030016534,0.0005949316,0.00020626454,0.000015604523,0.000045260185,0.0000068369027,0.0011849756],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986267,0.00022363407,0.00019991571,0.0002836454,0.00030534418,0.0003607653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962,0.00011204321,0.000081413884,0.00006761434,0.000054423803,0.00006450088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005057034,0.00011659979,0.00016371696,0.000108043234,0.00029816208,0.00006519683,0.00017563174,0.000091376554,0.00030003252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026234292,0.000108809625,0.00006981212,0.0005529581,0.00007307547,0.00061441027,0.000016087846,0.0005288824,0.000016169834],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016783789,0.007390458,0.007125406,0.000032064094,0.000068749236,0.000029940707,0.16136554,0.017693639,0.0029496301,0.7257964,0.0014977875,0.07588258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013809302,0.0025217235,0.08097393,0.00082059234,0.000108269815,0.000096156706,0.31985745,0.23846498,0.0007180273,0.16177025,0.17694907,0.00391023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004098917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009994797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7824566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014803773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026297176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61963636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1536224405","doi":"","title":"Tutorless PBL Groups in a Medical School","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic exchange quarterly","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Medical education; Medical school; Psychology; Complaint; Medicine; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.016961416144369097,"score_gpt":0.3189494667491273,"score_spread":0.3019880506047582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1536224405","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8555718,0.005130355,0.0005841922,0.018331643,0.00080912944,0.0007077627,0.0000072601806,0.00045283005,0.118405044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934189,0.00020834738,0.00008778519,0.0013382386,0.0020670276,0.000083349405,0.000010810837,0.00001915905,0.0027663922],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99722874,0.0005621717,0.00038485727,0.00032846298,0.000805621,0.00069017085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991438,0.00024826138,0.000107190936,0.00014413218,0.000035486904,0.00032117678],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026483443,0.00014630177,0.00021192395,0.0002230446,0.00025172308,0.00004633157,0.0005277463,0.00057053845,0.0021898507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029114104,0.00014868849,0.0000597814,0.0006029714,0.00019102781,0.0004099415,0.000022666969,0.0011246022,0.0003773454],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000096683136,0.00021796788,0.18443085,0.00016677326,0.000024716182,0.00037430922,0.13271081,0.000005509562,0.00082301727,0.12010714,0.058215786,0.50282645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025471398,0.000384584,0.03836129,0.0005639804,0.000024729623,0.000021565722,0.019270152,0.00032925655,0.000042781114,0.050081413,0.8873271,0.0010460117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014615168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009753182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82911134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017821342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044262005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99872226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1539784206","doi":"10.3968/4251","title":"Implementing a Group- and Project/Problem-Based Learning in a College Algebra Course","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in mathematical sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Contextualization; Mathematics education; Cooperative learning; Experiential learning; Collaborative learning; Blended learning; Psychology; Active learning (machine learning); Computer science; Test (biology); Educational technology; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.061187740466212955,"score_gpt":0.4026118339017025,"score_spread":0.3414240934354896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1539784206","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7744653,0.0016794291,0.0019322603,0.0060796407,0.0001737613,0.0017956368,0.0000032153366,0.0002651012,0.21360564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825408,0.00008905707,0.016901337,0.00015078316,0.000055298733,0.000115235816,3.9313164e-7,0.000007279712,0.00013983545],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99711937,0.00070238893,0.0004055452,0.00039834893,0.0005249653,0.0008494081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99787325,0.0018187267,0.00013009149,0.0000766765,0.00003922949,0.000062034174],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013343634,0.00014778493,0.00034008836,0.00021333715,0.0012621123,0.00009896364,0.00027143862,0.00006041926,0.00004888035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024633247,0.00011743319,0.000035567435,0.0012723558,0.0016269219,0.00024267627,0.0001853714,0.00026099017,0.0000073670317],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013351238,0.00017178971,0.103548855,0.00036680154,0.000016256052,0.000012022889,0.053997006,0.00012567315,0.000041067815,0.82544994,0.00015916053,0.016098097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025474527,0.00095867645,0.005372327,0.0021523947,0.00004999196,0.0000062905965,0.32236406,0.028711898,0.000034563403,0.59404504,0.042657804,0.0010995166],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005834273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005245135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26836705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077661214,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019184196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9707275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1544660422","doi":"","title":"PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) AND INSTITUTIONS’ RESPONSIBILITIES","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology","score_opus":0.319030717234585,"score_gpt":0.5740029068821659,"score_spread":0.25497218964758095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1544660422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89444125,0.010440456,0.00073789986,0.0018030779,0.00032268773,0.0012914042,0.000009203977,0.00015802505,0.09079597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99206567,0.0029483177,0.0018241277,0.00037376338,0.00015405222,0.00010812552,0.0000055813885,0.000028427616,0.0024919503],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963114,0.0014024356,0.00063183776,0.00041532956,0.0007126753,0.00052627607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99742556,0.0009733072,0.00055510504,0.0002551428,0.00046175942,0.00032913891],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004444811,0.00023500685,0.0004745128,0.00075359526,0.0017320011,0.0025856486,0.0013844644,0.00015380434,0.0130992485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002015888,0.00021833614,0.000112056725,0.001111942,0.00061769993,0.0041018445,0.00044144268,0.00064666604,0.000045638975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017933777,0.00017432413,0.8834286,0.00017885552,0.00009066406,0.00001675524,0.0067656543,0.0012582648,0.018153932,0.006364592,0.015144424,0.06824459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011189796,0.000051578292,0.46194142,0.0010851675,0.000085981905,0.0000069174225,0.004409845,0.00038336837,0.003120252,0.038846817,0.4879585,0.0009911644],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01688888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005870787,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47281408,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013596987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010780023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1548696804","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v7i3.248","title":"A Pilot Study of Problem Formulation and Resolution in an Online Problem-based Learning Course","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"British Columbia Institute of Technology; Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Asynchronous communication; Resolution (logic); Mathematics education; Process (computing); Exploratory research; Online course; Course (navigation); Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Sociology","score_opus":0.15152247986133885,"score_gpt":0.4705265906581741,"score_spread":0.3190041107968352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1548696804","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98670816,0.00427195,0.00015338682,0.0031204387,0.000017290298,0.00208677,0.000013797081,0.000016038892,0.0036121535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972182,0.0019511058,0.00042466132,0.000019902844,0.000032291653,0.00007634138,0.00017295397,0.0000074991685,0.000097025826],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99585694,0.0023253565,0.0005231528,0.00024601328,0.00078235666,0.00026619132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983837,0.000771525,0.0002752815,0.0001035916,0.0004176539,0.000048219623],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.012758221,0.00008858532,0.00024216091,0.00021064728,0.0003379206,0.00012403943,0.00047552824,0.000030486444,0.00003755767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011587543,0.00007127436,0.000016929658,0.00078901736,0.00017998728,0.00040430177,0.00021640376,0.000678272,6.045677e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005042957,0.0019213324,0.9408837,0.0010246879,0.000017366225,0.000007930844,0.002241223,0.014864382,0.00027508553,0.013937015,0.00008682986,0.024236163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009460563,0.008599665,0.8054952,0.03093433,0.0000622616,0.0000059285035,0.047968406,0.05869373,0.00005049499,0.011535754,0.026585158,0.00060850923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03406527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014698108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1353885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011868638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033583035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.972367},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1552138169","doi":"10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.719.7","title":"Network of medical school educators for best practices in case‐study Problem Based Learning (719.7)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The FASEB Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Medical school; Problem-based learning; Best practice; Work (physics); Process (computing); Medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Engineering; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.061175418547331675,"score_gpt":0.3824364945555862,"score_spread":0.32126107600825454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1552138169","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9818147,0.0002799513,0.0023394825,0.008004813,0.00042195458,0.00072468683,5.726574e-7,0.000027434768,0.006386397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99662477,0.00003521585,0.0014112861,0.0002767345,0.0013195586,0.00003380039,7.126195e-7,0.000015302167,0.00028263804],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955351,0.0025804641,0.00044471293,0.0001638772,0.00080053945,0.00047532193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99646133,0.0021174415,0.0008347562,0.00012783076,0.00015795413,0.00030071204],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.021788262,0.00011494447,0.00022500583,0.00009756737,0.0013774193,0.00017137881,0.0005117024,0.00011512301,0.00047560775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00852904,0.00008140701,0.00008373091,0.00046450013,0.00015572978,0.00024763064,0.00004364915,0.0011234253,0.000010835137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035938263,0.0011100098,0.84410715,0.0001330398,0.00012720987,0.00035740098,0.054847136,0.018265858,0.00015651024,0.004846608,0.0033686778,0.07232098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012513769,0.006746575,0.0053862003,0.0023217478,0.0007398988,0.002134067,0.6831318,0.027372012,0.00034511904,0.013406955,0.24431597,0.0015858697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0075415177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004395833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.838721,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008920799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020186906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1557129108","doi":"10.36834/cmej.36602","title":"Problem-based learning for inter-professional education: evidence from an inter-professional PBL module on palliative care","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Palliative care; Problem-based learning; Empirical evidence; Medical education; Psychology; Scale (ratio); Interprofessional education; Professional development; Medicine; Nursing; Health care; Social psychology","score_opus":0.03383539710755717,"score_gpt":0.3901698300273925,"score_spread":0.3563344329198353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1557129108","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4453549,0.0026896833,0.007341336,0.5019148,0.02731423,0.0034060006,0.000045133333,0.00018067363,0.011753224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9601987,0.00004951769,0.005027547,0.025535626,0.0038985459,0.0005106726,0.00018513417,0.00003484574,0.004559411],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965076,0.0010740295,0.00047342211,0.00040287862,0.0009265067,0.0006156073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9924072,0.0006882815,0.00031365658,0.00018257243,0.0014027334,0.005005525],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014837369,0.00020652018,0.00021375706,0.00036397311,0.002100527,0.0003253027,0.00069516466,0.00034999475,0.038734894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013149457,0.00018383516,0.00011506102,0.0003059236,0.00023696145,0.00073956995,0.000022898057,0.0015444485,0.00017219796],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006309179,0.00031226728,0.031273082,0.00007234624,0.00003224174,0.000003742959,0.06466462,0.000110102745,0.000027833195,0.0028752864,0.1829624,0.71760297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089254905,0.00056557194,0.02509501,0.0074940613,0.000044597815,0.0000062316317,0.14073318,0.0027332213,0.000047283043,0.009017145,0.81263804,0.0007331034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.080797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05788851,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7168699,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012852071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1283747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1562013053","doi":"","title":"PROJECT APPROACH IN SCIENCE:AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Early childhood education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Exploratory research; Case study research; Psychology; Science learning; Focus group; Research design; Science education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Knowledge management; Sociology","score_opus":0.027935447187095317,"score_gpt":0.3308145152946729,"score_spread":0.30287906810757753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1562013053","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97283274,0.000033279895,0.00006412624,0.00009113394,0.00037486563,0.0009309064,3.01511e-7,0.00009432441,0.025578348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99830234,0.0000018350814,0.0008016111,0.00009369349,0.0005005497,0.00017139685,0.0000036468023,0.000012945259,0.000111992515],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99773014,0.00085916626,0.00019388222,0.00041830217,0.00043014015,0.00036839847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932617,0.000048680646,0.00008908436,0.00028849035,0.00011345525,0.00013411939],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00478133,0.00010556552,0.00011434043,0.00047974315,0.0009604386,0.00028524373,0.00032074348,0.000057434743,0.00001699682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003434755,0.00010635823,0.000021384805,0.0014767954,0.00019076698,0.001288113,0.000033512286,0.0002437138,0.000025348852],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001578682,0.0013531621,0.07097055,0.0000022441332,0.000002101609,0.0000031357624,0.8666465,0.00001317887,0.000015317022,0.0016010306,0.00004509327,0.05934608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043228758,0.00037412244,0.37840235,0.00002012158,0.000011297991,0.000022918697,0.61839455,0.000032651238,0.000017322482,0.00067006267,0.0013414139,0.00028088116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020383341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034372297,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3074318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016539916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041916347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1577119548","doi":"","title":"A Mixed-methods Systematic Review of Online versus Face-to-face Problem-based Learning","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ligne; Online learning; Psychology; Face-to-face; Qualitative research; Computer science; Humanities; Sociology; Epistemology; Multimedia; Art; Philosophy","score_opus":0.032793015234915214,"score_gpt":0.41594000624068533,"score_spread":0.3831469910057701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1577119548","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08654646,0.13658322,0.7021934,0.027145896,0.02327423,0.003466246,0.000027903909,0.00025404088,0.020508604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9484287,0.0018722789,0.047170207,0.00034503324,0.00085593114,0.000034646197,0.000034435,0.00002804398,0.0012307584],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99563086,0.0018914931,0.0009747591,0.00015521517,0.0010331401,0.00031452248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99529254,0.0009995985,0.0018942812,0.00012614254,0.0014639064,0.00022350438],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006215337,0.00016316443,0.00045917163,0.00032176977,0.00022042549,0.00008271203,0.0006382081,0.00007966127,0.00017942401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011061774,0.00015288407,0.00020490348,0.0005234752,0.000076275035,0.00056028157,0.00003964923,0.000602574,0.000024289906],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0030347477,0.007081815,0.07857069,0.23712067,0.0026697526,0.000020552561,0.19093049,0.054623686,0.005598898,0.1452701,0.011369271,0.26370934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024644642,0.0011877759,0.0048598954,0.40589887,0.0010333698,0.00004271487,0.08878279,0.0007650121,0.000975481,0.00046629857,0.49228382,0.0012395016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009763896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026666747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8618822,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005048822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012644376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1587343044","doi":"","title":"Aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) : una innovación didáctica para la enseñanza universitaria","year":2005,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Educación y Educadores","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; TUTOR; Problem-based learning; Syntax; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Psychology; Computer science; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","score_opus":0.015549401805891476,"score_gpt":0.3222868646060368,"score_spread":0.3067374628001453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1587343044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4183756,0.004892447,0.000383307,0.15043318,0.005222802,0.0023183147,0.00015252008,0.00096481456,0.417257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96417546,0.0015001593,0.0056239017,0.00083245354,0.005382787,0.00005943839,0.000060478014,0.00012761728,0.022237685],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99213237,0.0025075276,0.000899607,0.0013553839,0.0011648834,0.0019402425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99572194,0.001757923,0.00054543087,0.0008899901,0.00032928627,0.0007554126],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002937716,0.00089288934,0.0008669942,0.0008040259,0.0017996159,0.0008133946,0.001184446,0.0008776663,0.005625452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009795289,0.000929936,0.00040439173,0.0022949497,0.0011127809,0.0013969152,0.00041421695,0.0017751429,0.001995289],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00052416185,0.0034988557,0.030153383,0.00084120175,0.0009668425,0.0001501133,0.20692374,0.00067231804,0.0022654256,0.3342136,0.13491775,0.2848726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009702962,0.00025873803,0.00792087,0.0006843555,0.00026064043,0.000042957876,0.022290759,0.00006878488,0.0009724151,0.0021865268,0.96308666,0.0012569637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035900949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030834458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8281689,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00074928266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038389787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994999},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1594088106","doi":"","title":"Instructional strategies chosen for the classroom in a process-oriented curriculum : a grounded theory study","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grounded theory; Process (computing); Curriculum; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Qualitative research; Computer science; Sociology; Psychology; Social science","score_opus":0.011911498610995849,"score_gpt":0.2140787393722661,"score_spread":0.20216724076127024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1594088106","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881572,0.000071473325,0.0047212983,0.0009860847,0.00013133371,0.001307123,0.00013655225,0.00020104629,0.0042878576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860166,0.00014051041,0.004030851,0.000025108879,0.00005510349,1.447625e-7,0.000045952882,0.000020329542,0.009665443],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99717444,0.00073603936,0.00023297555,0.0006238239,0.00064727303,0.00058542314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979952,0.00059605425,0.00048964657,0.00040294387,0.00029288168,0.00022328322],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070747134,0.00031029643,0.0005701949,0.0006267331,0.0023952345,0.000028286751,0.0015134485,0.00030114094,0.00065613043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003427551,0.0003844161,0.00035601048,0.0018105056,0.0021573605,0.003362642,0.00035471818,0.00053864135,0.000009086438],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019220212,0.0009794018,0.0654758,0.00012129557,0.0003630833,0.00023361864,0.92450714,0.00047879602,0.000049974547,0.002926986,0.00023259995,0.0027092635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036142634,0.00032182413,0.021998966,0.00007832156,0.00017436358,0.000004826477,0.9627095,0.00014695249,0.000015922193,0.0017722392,0.008780734,0.0003820968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08560932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.073693104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043476835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024737188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0035597829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1606283773","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00959.x","title":"Problem‐based learning in Guyana: a nursing education experiment","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Nursing Review","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Syllabus; Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Small group learning; Nursing; Nurse education; Group work; Psychology; Medical education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.0623606573894893,"score_gpt":0.41141688026711454,"score_spread":0.3490562228776252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1606283773","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.002550451,0.062450826,0.0017360566,0.015465494,0.0016526527,0.0010231441,9.456056e-7,0.00020879543,0.9149116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97061515,0.008183409,0.016832665,0.0017538584,0.0003613395,0.00019892638,0.000029373572,0.000031430023,0.001993873],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984426,0.00034739095,0.0003281125,0.00024557486,0.00038080596,0.00025550066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994475,0.00005287767,0.00017948456,0.000099391895,0.00014451661,0.000076185876],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010651333,0.00011229815,0.00016698083,0.0001867858,0.00021090198,0.000048662718,0.00028118773,0.000056898003,0.00094952446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035227396,0.000118131116,0.0000760978,0.00033732958,0.00013303243,0.00026784497,0.000008128798,0.0002374958,0.00006330532],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024195293,0.0007326457,0.004207872,0.0001708236,0.000009924152,0.000003928575,0.02209279,0.000026186788,0.0000880131,0.03701649,0.0029922798,0.93263483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067659444,0.00017848717,0.0043347706,0.16621505,0.00008523572,0.00001500817,0.0062810727,0.0004817376,0.0005906487,0.016303588,0.8039872,0.0008506346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008366534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057086585,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96806467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007006588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00069118146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996376},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1615274153","doi":"","title":"Initial experiences with integrated learning sessions (ILS) - a new curricular feature","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Macrodynamic Analysis (Memorial University of Newfoundland)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Feature (linguistics); Computer science; Experiential learning; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Psychology; Linguistics","score_opus":0.018452137994981584,"score_gpt":0.27440243502484196,"score_spread":0.2559502970298604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1615274153","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609862,0.00021521075,0.03373426,0.0014011333,0.00038432534,0.00010768214,0.000002578908,0.000027474307,0.0031411485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99615127,0.00011431785,0.0012074906,0.000020435868,0.00046377248,5.4950508e-8,0.000007989043,0.0000064557307,0.0020282094],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99739826,0.0011534604,0.00023107039,0.00013306533,0.0008036997,0.00028043738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99797565,0.00026278142,0.00075785,0.00014469188,0.0005604697,0.0002985661],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002233891,0.0001427607,0.0004530146,0.00037434188,0.00074093253,0.00006552175,0.00069948554,0.00011758083,0.000296126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034291222,0.00009473976,0.00025263766,0.0019374279,0.00042515693,0.00043965605,0.00006616933,0.0006061435,0.0000045643524],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.006199121,0.00024077432,0.08348445,0.000017696904,0.0045764744,0.00037178505,0.77955735,0.10832792,0.00022299442,0.0008507184,0.0055585364,0.010592199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003492305,0.0008823886,0.0020567088,0.0001475614,0.0043893754,0.00005165993,0.9287548,0.004902244,0.000007840346,0.00029042285,0.05464431,0.0003803509],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.035627473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.035461187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1491975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026572734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016782414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9821391},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1618459911","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0579.2010.00655.x","title":"Research in PBL - where to from here for dentistry?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal Of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Townsend; Citation; Library science; Dentistry; Medicine; Psychology; Medical education; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.1409464367127814,"score_gpt":0.4264896543911479,"score_spread":0.2855432176783665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1618459911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93940556,0.0005726394,0.0003844042,0.00070895307,0.0011235134,0.0001783111,0.000002173274,0.0000056225426,0.057618808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931567,0.00004378747,0.005075357,0.00007581689,0.00069998566,0.0000026952082,0.0000019033441,0.000011277712,0.00093248265],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982679,0.0009669816,0.00023039362,0.000092209244,0.00026423624,0.00017830085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999413,0.000092578535,0.000116350166,0.000065379696,0.00017934975,0.00013334642],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033217683,0.00004261951,0.00007013867,0.00019046022,0.00018773862,0.000075280586,0.00029852858,0.00001778737,0.00026853883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002411953,0.00004251906,0.000040330324,0.00028119967,0.000042125743,0.0002422167,0.000025340714,0.00021274264,0.00013418832],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041277066,0.000754863,0.16028415,0.000043843385,0.00003379964,0.00011025694,0.18928576,0.0000110899855,0.0025809803,0.0033482118,0.024129666,0.6190046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001028036,0.00075877394,0.2788154,0.00095514284,0.0000219851,0.000031266256,0.39556587,0.0000033595702,0.0010241155,0.004006151,0.31751552,0.00027440404],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001953835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6187302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013823289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045217975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29536268},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W169618784","doi":"","title":"Upgrading and expanding online Histology quizzes for first year Medical and Dental students at the University of British Columbia (UBC)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"USC Research Bank (University of the Sunshine Coast)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Internship; Academic year; Medicine; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.06832906307085337,"score_gpt":0.322862651070481,"score_spread":0.25453358799962766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W169618784","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99713737,0.0003301804,0.00006479672,0.0012016173,0.000048714297,0.0002598004,0.00006447298,0.00001158762,0.0008814338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898411,0.00077032356,0.00027109004,0.000012540842,0.000022043338,2.0122334e-7,0.00000436743,0.000005156383,0.009073175],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982944,0.0005477508,0.000074907184,0.00020264054,0.00059753185,0.00028275387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890393,0.00061827106,0.00008764415,0.00013700388,0.00013007782,0.00012307675],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023607686,0.000050499897,0.00018881081,0.000058589198,0.0021327988,0.000028204917,0.00077486486,0.000102249,0.0010035041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039556806,0.000058109243,0.000086451364,0.00024861883,0.0020341673,0.00015121499,0.001028541,0.00025851757,0.0000011044656],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033892668,0.00019251369,0.91047305,0.00017495408,0.00031983713,0.000054992204,0.05628155,0.0000012349614,0.00008185692,0.0009890147,0.023251444,0.0078406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037111158,0.0004873032,0.72322744,0.00033233952,0.000323024,0.000028081733,0.20648585,0.00025926248,0.000013837386,0.0017237581,0.06312163,0.0002863778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.31943816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8902226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5707845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000115783805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015344292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1726708236","doi":"","title":"The Effect of Problem-based Learning on Critical Thinking Ability of Iranian EFL Students","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of academic and applied studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Mathematics education; Test (biology); Class (philosophy); Psychology; Control (management); Significant difference; Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.02151241587624082,"score_gpt":0.37292691574968095,"score_spread":0.35141449987344014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1726708236","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924581,0.0030866945,0.00007272761,0.0022194185,0.00008546826,0.00033427187,3.868674e-7,0.0000103356515,0.001732618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99852175,0.0009012633,0.0003550969,0.00006518211,0.000119746044,0.00001181684,6.2674395e-8,0.000006171672,0.000018919103],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979025,0.00049582694,0.00054094853,0.000111931804,0.00070809503,0.00024065711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99519515,0.0040386673,0.0004932034,0.000057047542,0.00014856075,0.00006734407],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0053846235,0.000114752045,0.0004136007,0.00006360399,0.000833081,0.00003184974,0.00030978935,0.00011332422,0.000006798168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017109286,0.000065457694,0.000085003696,0.0001478438,0.0007230068,0.00010003621,0.00006987216,0.000922356,0.0000013054408],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013471663,0.0001532575,0.72675216,0.0014112872,0.0007659381,0.000003579367,0.09662689,0.0014260586,0.022525914,0.031069959,0.0010185948,0.116899215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.019195408,0.020927114,0.31433544,0.010573281,0.0020878324,0.000019964176,0.29654264,0.00025905957,0.07516947,0.23513077,0.023483492,0.002275523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034367775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027704978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4124167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003381413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006832047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.640747},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1757849606","doi":"","title":"The Impact of Problem-Based Learning in an Interdisciplinary First-Year Program on Student Learning Behaviour.","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Student engagement; Odds; Higher education; Psychology; Medical education; Persistence (discontinuity); Problem-based learning; Quality (philosophy); Empirical evidence; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Political science; Medicine; Logistic regression","score_opus":0.019847546469272944,"score_gpt":0.41050628540051076,"score_spread":0.3906587389312378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1757849606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936778,0.00041586216,0.000010879446,0.001179717,0.00039471488,0.00029067052,4.4549353e-7,0.000012175859,0.004017763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983547,0.0000072929047,0.00033146574,0.000020973745,0.0002677805,0.000009493649,0.0000043604214,0.000014674469,0.0009892716],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842304,0.00038013115,0.00039676062,0.00011257651,0.00027220533,0.00041526207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862766,0.00018882837,0.000423131,0.00009239087,0.00027563234,0.00039235665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00281606,0.0001005394,0.00013949248,0.00043280667,0.00085322413,0.00014468654,0.00031032506,0.00008583624,0.00014360996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010468839,0.000077485834,0.000102476435,0.00046035697,0.00014058761,0.00022785983,0.0000093894,0.00066120015,0.0000034499926],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052819047,0.00021942434,0.94485,0.0000061631595,0.0000118716025,0.0000087369845,0.020406542,0.0063176486,0.000014252948,0.00036963442,0.00044727916,0.027295599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002743566,0.0015520445,0.9660232,0.00022200111,0.000013538356,0.0000020797256,0.012010229,0.000012561872,0.000017068096,0.00025966731,0.019500688,0.00011257295],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017796017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09542666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07763064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00087822723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00439805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98874456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1759638633","doi":"10.4102/jtscm.v5i1.21","title":"An integrated approach to teaching and learning logistics: A case study","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Project-based learning; Perception; Psychology; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.0376066902370459,"score_gpt":0.29313984154872524,"score_spread":0.25553315131167936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1759638633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9195961,0.00010710261,0.06435219,0.00013192427,0.00008181398,0.00047805277,0.0000011525502,0.00003052155,0.015221193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9763196,0.00006437126,0.023072792,0.00008676717,0.00006910767,0.0000063655566,0.0000015859733,0.000009877766,0.0003694963],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984971,0.00054185407,0.0003133372,0.00017410776,0.00025265,0.00022089764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948245,0.000039775023,0.00012318103,0.000072783856,0.00006410822,0.00021768632],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005044842,0.000115254836,0.00020935004,0.0002489029,0.00067030545,0.00006547629,0.00014534488,0.00004084315,0.000027227255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034646346,0.00009475355,0.000033019885,0.00015230375,0.00006504324,0.00022692293,0.0000146579105,0.000531708,4.1514141e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020448674,0.00080481503,0.26008022,0.00008695216,0.00020258251,0.0051755505,0.58590823,0.00073065213,0.000008660685,0.0039586443,0.000055780496,0.14278342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012066559,0.0017500918,0.0314912,0.000087082255,0.0002852542,0.00027126836,0.938525,0.0005216476,0.0000013296287,0.00022765635,0.025323315,0.0003094743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00499045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00072278205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3526168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028292821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033953795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75441015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1797301619","doi":"10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.725.12","title":"After the final: knowledge retention for online and face to face histology students (725.12)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The FASEB Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Knowledge retention; Significant difference; Online course; Medical education; Online learning; Medicine; Retention rate; Online teaching; Psychology; Multimedia; Computer science; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.05512453807291205,"score_gpt":0.35860559936468667,"score_spread":0.3034810612917746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1797301619","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9682944,0.0007537518,0.016247863,0.01266541,0.00050263107,0.000389162,0.000006641421,0.000021513464,0.00111867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922173,0.00008270608,0.00042963147,0.00073923497,0.00048456254,0.000017820683,0.0000014161094,0.00000845415,0.0060188565],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985709,0.0006701873,0.00015788442,0.00011778978,0.00020690565,0.0002763179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992692,0.00034640133,0.000104258674,0.000108891225,0.00007538507,0.0000958958],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029565287,0.000079954276,0.000108461725,0.000044606095,0.001100367,0.0001385719,0.00039475661,0.000054753942,0.00005775128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003776652,0.000045685338,0.00006035272,0.00009310939,0.00013752122,0.00009018245,0.000071985705,0.00027573042,0.00002423905],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018763618,0.00046011293,0.06386652,0.00008775737,0.00026318716,0.000014376597,0.33013085,0.0004939107,0.010208093,0.009197238,0.030943098,0.55245847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015418812,0.000691733,0.04949712,0.00012911753,0.00014874902,0.0000665909,0.013125653,0.0007829816,0.00031418243,0.0052819704,0.9280959,0.00032415567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009130319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000890198,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8971528,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006135053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007407584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8463245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1806691078","doi":"10.3233/wor-2003-00267","title":"A multimedia case based approach to the study of office ergonomics","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Work","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Bridge (graph theory); Human factors and ergonomics; Knowledge management; Computer science; Multimedia; Engineering management; Medical education; Engineering; Poison control; Medicine; Medical emergency","score_opus":0.03634188436531363,"score_gpt":0.2922502178697764,"score_spread":0.25590833350446274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1806691078","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9231034,0.00009904153,0.0029296656,0.00022401537,0.00024382707,0.0011181668,0.0000019274607,0.000050986357,0.07222897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99293905,7.724691e-7,0.0063656513,0.00017518707,0.00006201771,0.000039745802,5.64222e-7,0.0000068676422,0.00041014436],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988289,0.00056344713,0.0001249872,0.00014401089,0.00015023738,0.00018841123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932915,0.0003158892,0.000056820405,0.00019229906,0.00003649147,0.00006934416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015191587,0.0000605218,0.00009438028,0.000040525145,0.0003975317,0.000028817867,0.00017186234,0.000038192004,0.00005277602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045417846,0.000045667966,0.000029701869,0.0006139418,0.000047572303,0.000029784167,0.000014873542,0.00011792985,0.000031453852],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005244771,0.0036239892,0.06209634,0.00004162288,0.00012892987,0.00012755721,0.75268316,0.081376426,0.000029824245,0.009971789,0.01109937,0.078296505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023707205,0.00047722182,0.0055864295,0.00004895147,0.00011520758,0.000011489098,0.27820152,0.0016475721,0.00009782556,0.00006483021,0.71075505,0.00062319834],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021785267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015011518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69965565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003184535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015344932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32932952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1828606493","doi":"","title":"Developing skills of problem-based learning: what about specialist knowledge","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; TUTOR; Medical education; Psychology; Health care; Focus group; Qualitative research; Work (physics); Pedagogy; Medicine; Sociology; Political science; Engineering; Social science","score_opus":0.06669526670424314,"score_gpt":0.3710885971428831,"score_spread":0.30439333043864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1828606493","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39580244,0.0029656074,0.0038242552,0.0122440625,0.0009559191,0.00440638,0.00007889986,0.0008074491,0.578915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90873826,0.0076684738,0.012578648,0.00012747632,0.0016119911,0.000025173327,0.00022214593,0.00012968919,0.06889817],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99252486,0.0033141098,0.0004099197,0.0007146507,0.0014918249,0.0015446229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955976,0.0011203418,0.00022043155,0.00047733865,0.0019209197,0.00066334155],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003564927,0.00031275532,0.0006456352,0.0014759958,0.0018542922,0.00043606298,0.0011522027,0.0003630267,0.000634916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015401843,0.00033770097,0.00041817335,0.0035632101,0.001276919,0.0014763003,0.00048061457,0.0012950338,0.00031972196],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004920457,0.0029902111,0.07713886,0.001834942,0.0013814003,0.0004623442,0.047250587,0.0033621413,0.005686568,0.233266,0.026241068,0.59989387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001186523,0.00019360204,0.0052452455,0.0006432026,0.000042476902,0.000001376048,0.019012973,0.0001854364,0.000489077,0.00093356805,0.97155666,0.00050983735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050342125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012427466,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9453156,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011446382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00420752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1829962596","doi":"10.15390/eb.2014.2534","title":"Learning by Doing in Architectural Education: From Urban Design to Architectural Design, Yenikapı-İnebey Case Study","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Architectural design; Mathematics education; Quarter (Canadian coin); Architecture; Function (biology); Urban design; Architectural engineering; Task (project management); Engineering; Computer science; Psychology; Civil engineering; Urban planning; Visual arts; Geography; Systems engineering","score_opus":0.02592917811864913,"score_gpt":0.31375990235044754,"score_spread":0.2878307242317984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1829962596","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9462504,0.00046214482,0.045517225,0.0010741085,0.0005290365,0.0022434562,0.000007568157,0.00047895685,0.0034371319],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838095,0.00000537507,0.01325801,0.00058256194,0.0007435945,0.00023777712,0.000029689243,0.00006696767,0.0012665237],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99198145,0.004679234,0.0006310723,0.0009145286,0.00069606036,0.0010976628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99662125,0.0020530403,0.00025699398,0.00045042884,0.00013820012,0.0004801129],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033588663,0.00045954518,0.00052420876,0.00056846335,0.0012580499,0.00034745873,0.0006607633,0.00020911935,0.00027318508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014252631,0.00045022793,0.00011570722,0.0014197617,0.0001841349,0.0002727924,0.00015666411,0.0011131124,0.00018669221],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038472764,0.0005032042,0.030001981,0.000024231658,0.00009791699,0.0002838652,0.35362685,0.016177388,0.004035916,0.00012064656,0.004348098,0.59039515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0178381,0.015702007,0.06119669,0.0024193896,0.0009303125,0.001358254,0.5999786,0.039937265,0.008025533,0.006346483,0.23354985,0.012717475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05263281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007134735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5776777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033614572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007277367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1848983807","doi":"10.3868/s110-001-012-0030-5","title":"An Arduous but Hopeful Journey: Implementing Project-Based Learning in a Middle School of China","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers of Education in China","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Shanghai Education Development Foundation; University of Alberta","keywords":"Curriculum; China; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Geography","score_opus":0.023489133506662627,"score_gpt":0.3433656419744085,"score_spread":0.31987650846774585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1848983807","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827469,0.0012788762,0.00094142527,0.0004007471,0.0005888325,0.00048203286,0.0000035138844,0.00003151766,0.013526169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882598,0.000046522746,0.010876417,0.000038895334,0.0002317747,0.00004266727,0.000022507176,0.000016889939,0.00046453005],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975984,0.00084942166,0.0004888913,0.00019703442,0.00033695484,0.0005292905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990975,0.00006570195,0.00045381743,0.00017179006,0.00008338353,0.00012780903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003979922,0.0001257191,0.000260353,0.0006510159,0.00025800054,0.00004005542,0.00028642378,0.000116711766,0.00013834584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011849803,0.00013654868,0.00006433997,0.00075609115,0.0001019308,0.0006876558,0.000023932549,0.0005107753,0.0000033838044],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034793145,0.00040101862,0.9350147,0.000069720394,0.000007159327,1.7330886e-7,0.049660634,0.00030253126,0.00023989577,0.0002626359,0.0021834522,0.011823287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008939954,0.00017924061,0.82459474,0.0003010288,0.0000231551,7.119852e-7,0.14246963,0.00060629996,0.00092399266,0.00039423446,0.029272396,0.00034058513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026641985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012712118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11041997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002362246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028622816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9798397},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W185333720","doi":"","title":"Problem based learning in medical education: theory, rationale, process and implications for pakistan.","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Psychomotor learning; Cognitive apprenticeship; Problem-based learning; Process (computing); Apprenticeship; Transfer of learning; Cognition; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology; Medical education; Knowledge management; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.04564910521408627,"score_gpt":0.3925450291195084,"score_spread":0.3468959239054221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W185333720","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000017385239,0.9652903,0.00082613924,0.002818102,0.00009239733,0.0054911342,0.00001696665,0.000100200436,0.02536303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00024886135,0.9364291,0.00070591737,0.00029431123,0.0005829463,0.056537256,0.0004649287,0.000049592563,0.004687117],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975727,0.0007271734,0.0005209706,0.0004194793,0.0003071605,0.00045250775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979744,0.0012400595,0.00032892713,0.000120302066,0.00014954581,0.00018674518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004454615,0.00020130392,0.0005078101,0.00025985623,0.000541347,0.00015097008,0.0003119277,0.00034821202,0.000048795093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017131619,0.00018410216,0.00011953413,0.00068046356,0.00017269341,0.00014231456,0.000022331018,0.00042712744,0.0000022271076],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030026524,0.000069905174,0.000254866,0.003029636,0.000008143568,2.0497929e-7,0.00022594887,0.000003891925,7.4511775e-10,0.044155713,0.00047183974,0.95177686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016644063,0.00000593386,0.0005346953,0.0009650652,0.00007389006,0.0000018111161,0.00009591,0.0000047072845,1.2855428e-8,0.009934081,0.98800415,0.00021332683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015245068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006418811,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98753226,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020302593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006206574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1877606768","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.4842","title":"Collaborative Approach for Teaching Chemical Process Design","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Deliverable; Pace; Process (computing); Engineering management; Work (physics); Quality (philosophy); Engineering design process; Scheme (mathematics); Work in process; Engineering; Collaborative engineering; Medical education; Computer science; Operations management; Medicine; Systems engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.00792705169884632,"score_gpt":0.2499339276101215,"score_spread":0.24200687591127518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1877606768","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48277712,0.0006306173,0.012201532,0.07316815,0.00471389,0.020065926,0.00010756451,0.0010665493,0.40526864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97475827,0.000002526931,0.021928247,0.00022158714,0.0002878783,0.00058256806,0.0000071689697,0.000022578417,0.002189155],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895155,0.000026249936,0.00019351796,0.00017149776,0.0002998584,0.0003572993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982266,0.0001478524,0.00028839294,0.000047292557,0.0011010388,0.00018881506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001387401,0.00010642353,0.00013081383,0.00015423675,0.0005652761,0.00019476832,0.00032355756,0.00016652318,0.0000224548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0047346735,0.00010368545,0.00005537348,0.000492498,0.00003444423,0.000412434,0.0000097241955,0.00023746774,0.00000335501],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002304207,0.00045389394,0.06220904,0.0014894747,0.00043055328,3.287939e-8,0.238897,0.008326224,0.021908548,0.30182254,0.34384397,0.020595675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028797651,0.00024324673,0.032265022,0.0012624967,0.0005749401,0.0000048860015,0.1713289,0.110474385,0.04927479,0.026434049,0.6010302,0.004227319],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01449829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00076858746,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49198118,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016502984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021109711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99206424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1886361645","doi":"10.1002/bmb.20823","title":"A guide to using case‐based learning in biochemistry education","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Memorization; Rote learning; Active learning (machine learning); Class (philosophy); Process (computing); Psychology; Value (mathematics); Teaching method; Mathematics education; Chemistry; Biochemistry; Computer science; Cooperative learning; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.010104054740448684,"score_gpt":0.3602833571514276,"score_spread":0.35017930241097894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1886361645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98184055,0.0004693826,0.005721647,0.0015888626,0.00016370279,0.00016174641,9.928956e-7,0.000038796083,0.010014326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880479,0.000008206525,0.0097910715,0.0010572135,0.00021128725,0.00004304984,0.00005377767,0.000009060994,0.00077841146],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898326,0.00022485961,0.00016781024,0.00032917762,0.00006140366,0.0002334558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994948,0.000053798536,0.000082174694,0.0001389817,0.00009362201,0.00013664579],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006549721,0.000109970846,0.000102962564,0.000089782116,0.00026741542,0.000038412054,0.00009432441,0.00021458983,0.000021361275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009111929,0.00012836076,0.000027674509,0.00026145484,0.0000986994,0.000032193042,0.000025122774,0.00015476522,0.0000029845776],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015050142,0.00012784454,0.009981301,0.00007852773,0.0000063001594,0.000003890783,0.00092791434,0.000120531746,0.90892804,0.0013026237,0.00032999774,0.078177966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004441836,0.000094397015,0.00020167549,0.00029282228,0.000041351454,0.00011731156,0.007073337,0.00074694044,0.6835953,0.0009930491,0.30570886,0.00069078646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031213546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050568833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30537885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014027656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018615788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52343994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1891286238","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v4n4p13","title":"An Investigation of the Pedagogical Impact of Using Case-based Learning in a Undergraduate Biochemistry Course","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Active learning (machine learning); Workload; Psychology; Mathematics education; Course (navigation); Perception; Medical education; Computer science; Pedagogy; Engineering; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.09919123533705647,"score_gpt":0.46071310849792385,"score_spread":0.36152187316086737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1891286238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970265,0.00015488575,0.00011290862,0.0018732179,0.00050604343,0.000048431528,0.000001420263,0.0000034935497,0.0002731079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987573,0.0000032538724,0.0008016757,0.000041484072,0.00027646928,8.058036e-7,0.0000033199879,0.0000047565873,0.00011095046],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869496,0.0003690282,0.00032448897,0.00006331557,0.00046965783,0.0000785353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998261,0.00008201553,0.0006808375,0.000058847083,0.0008372064,0.00008010842],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010006578,0.000054952194,0.00009625806,0.00012569614,0.0000476327,0.00002974086,0.00023459828,0.000057088593,0.000035736706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019739586,0.000041667823,0.00008017575,0.00023023388,0.000120940116,0.00025495092,0.000010453324,0.00019437613,2.8776932e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000097638105,0.00025423753,0.93072104,0.000009827606,0.00004374747,0.000012552522,0.011445042,0.041916955,0.01233147,0.00092913874,0.0001638556,0.0020745194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005067194,0.0011306573,0.87799627,0.0020770687,0.00027590248,0.0007369315,0.039947916,0.009041394,0.029681597,0.030834477,0.0024948062,0.0007157909],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034946103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008027522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.052724753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039349945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004610585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81789804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1893078227","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.4911","title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF A QUALITY APPROACH IN ENGINEERING AT UQAM","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Quality (philosophy); Field (mathematics); Engineering ethics; Engineering management; Training (meteorology); Engineering education; Engineering; Computer science; Medical education; Medicine","score_opus":0.01127886403313539,"score_gpt":0.2740046220507619,"score_spread":0.26272575801762654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1893078227","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863649,0.00006160594,0.000019513182,0.003367408,0.00038042926,0.0006504282,0.000007707544,0.000041859665,0.009106152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978522,0.000008226703,0.0010877438,0.00007652629,0.0000804836,0.00010485515,0.000005760065,0.000013964518,0.00077026064],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884444,0.000022884951,0.00034274952,0.0001371559,0.00034491654,0.00030784917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989705,0.00007475392,0.00037209972,0.000060025333,0.00039656006,0.00012602427],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001336485,0.0000912906,0.00014908456,0.00029900664,0.00015010983,0.000057083602,0.00023168566,0.00011992728,0.00010407765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089609827,0.000097429205,0.000060426082,0.00069502444,0.000016635346,0.0003217959,0.000022322185,0.00015708755,0.0000051684683],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013113441,0.00004486367,0.9295458,0.00037125207,0.000038098333,9.529192e-9,0.021472584,0.0012833574,0.005546715,0.035401296,0.0043046135,0.0019900629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023603441,0.00000978155,0.9794847,0.00009591187,0.000016379747,2.801577e-7,0.0066499445,0.0010091575,0.0020487462,0.00022516823,0.010001039,0.00022285606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.27521387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.057806436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21740742,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002839222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000811899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9593861},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1894083033","doi":"10.3968/j.hess.1927024020120301.1017","title":"Teaching Criminology Through Experiential Learning: Issues and Strategies","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher education of social science","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Psychology; Key (lock); Experiential education; Active learning (machine learning); Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Pedagogy; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.06712278026899851,"score_gpt":0.415969350824024,"score_spread":0.34884657055502544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1894083033","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46975178,0.0009629214,0.00003486473,0.0015174391,0.0011282314,0.00009254071,2.5873274e-7,0.000057784884,0.52645415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98870796,0.0000372876,0.0009466457,0.00012281029,0.0008874494,0.000012237392,9.569836e-7,0.0000045268343,0.009280117],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987601,0.00025436463,0.00012901968,0.00016106338,0.0003324126,0.00036302692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995824,0.000053325675,0.0001226699,0.000053481297,0.000108394146,0.00007971092],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011173346,0.00006754867,0.00009854041,0.00007321353,0.0017880764,0.0001126893,0.00019890089,0.0000710559,0.00042580345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011178434,0.000068275964,0.000022186732,0.00024870769,0.0014930939,0.0014887773,0.00004929307,0.00017097266,0.000009571368],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000020371597,0.000045484063,0.0035380032,0.0000065523027,0.0000013420891,1.7095369e-8,0.25314158,2.5290254e-7,0.0019982206,0.73694956,0.00018566778,0.0041313013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006668481,0.00003334213,0.08452594,0.00001058989,0.0000091820675,4.4081668e-7,0.1169924,4.63652e-7,0.0005475532,0.0070966827,0.7905818,0.00013491431],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006018903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006037892,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79039615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000062725645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006595777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1904755228","doi":"","title":"The Weakness and DifficultnessonProb/em Base LearningEducational System in Faculty of Medicine in Indonesia","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JURNAL KEDOKTERAN","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Ideal (ethics); Resource (disambiguation); Medical education; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Pedagogy; Order (exchange); Mathematics education; Medicine; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.019592005847900246,"score_gpt":0.3060619946982264,"score_spread":0.28646998885032615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1904755228","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924297,0.00031236597,0.000077711564,0.0040495377,0.00017661309,0.0001796438,0.0000010325901,0.000024851699,0.0027485648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99947023,0.00004952495,0.00003892323,0.000053992393,0.00019511367,0.000013843978,0.0000030695348,0.000008237727,0.00016705239],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99818283,0.0007193591,0.0003430002,0.00016287662,0.0003494012,0.00024251347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990831,0.0004986413,0.00017565815,0.000090277485,0.0000774614,0.00007484242],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003180102,0.000092066366,0.00020188857,0.00013338869,0.0003465716,0.0000446764,0.00019059215,0.00006810931,0.000012092627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040304958,0.00006114379,0.000023974106,0.00038852068,0.00026496197,0.000124043,0.000023980057,0.00028288638,0.0000028885827],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001634181,0.00009917204,0.7077794,0.00021821453,0.000015558577,0.00000878623,0.13584355,0.00034942498,0.00048278956,0.072615184,0.00026404182,0.08216048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016643141,0.00008367537,0.9446264,0.0006921176,0.000010324491,0.000008349015,0.032784346,0.000997131,0.000026027861,0.00045418055,0.01849062,0.00016250796],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022384233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00422423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23684701,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077711564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012470543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33838415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1906974934","doi":"10.1109/cacsd.1999.808722","title":"Ryerson initiatives in integrating the Internet, multimedia components, and hands-on experimentation into problem-based control education","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"The Internet; Computer science; Control (management); Process (computing); Work (physics); Multimedia; Work in process; Power (physics); Critical thinking; Mathematics education; World Wide Web; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Psychology","score_opus":0.021683889547404057,"score_gpt":0.3285659514992103,"score_spread":0.30688206195180623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1906974934","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8178525,0.00039337022,0.0036587392,0.0028347878,0.00024386827,0.0013868407,7.6301484e-7,0.00008810633,0.17354105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99557364,0.000013704935,0.0030697007,0.00094042066,0.000035772493,0.00014140602,0.0000075173366,0.00000707853,0.00021073857],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839103,0.0009000476,0.0001830914,0.00018174647,0.00017129966,0.00017276136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991931,0.00054885383,0.00009738031,0.00006249136,0.0000489074,0.00004930996],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010397021,0.000098595345,0.00010127453,0.00011145466,0.0002786098,0.000110623194,0.00008611235,0.000053979355,0.00012689173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003987552,0.000070291855,0.000021536098,0.00019207365,0.00014591037,0.00024620336,0.000004697627,0.00017087483,0.000011460873],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023572157,0.000631223,0.19010402,0.000060701997,0.0000367788,0.0000018129865,0.50112957,0.00021927657,0.01237964,0.17597774,0.0005345858,0.11868895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.020787299,0.0024190024,0.07374306,0.0020303482,0.000089102745,0.0000030678316,0.69857275,0.059660792,0.08770969,0.014497878,0.038423326,0.0020637054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006930252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025777793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19744317,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011260782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002372264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99968266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1921065149","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.4898","title":"THE TETON DAM FAILURE AS A SUPPORT OF AN UNDERGRADUATE COURSE OF SOIL MECHANICS","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Hindsight bias; Course (navigation); Session (web analytics); Attractiveness; Dam failure; Ideal (ethics); Warranty; Point (geometry); Engineering; Mathematics education; Computer science; Engineering management; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Flood myth; Political science; Mathematics; Geography","score_opus":0.004712717447196807,"score_gpt":0.2316020775835266,"score_spread":0.2268893601363298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1921065149","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91596603,0.00015523854,0.00002891052,0.046497967,0.0017046402,0.0013460635,0.00003226194,0.000110364745,0.03415854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971508,0.000027613913,0.0002925732,0.000109305074,0.00007960732,0.000039041588,0.0000043365762,0.000016421624,0.0022803198],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989341,0.000026839678,0.00027579925,0.00011675211,0.00036060938,0.00028590192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99812233,0.00009138885,0.0005697921,0.00009532303,0.00095408515,0.000167051],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012269311,0.0000950264,0.00013516526,0.00011966392,0.0003467926,0.00007844797,0.0004261769,0.00013392147,0.000058768426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014004166,0.00007913974,0.000072200986,0.0004988858,0.00004105252,0.0003324788,0.000017897964,0.00017704778,0.0000059070903],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001104217,0.0003085865,0.050543975,0.0005060835,0.00041584857,8.526129e-8,0.070947714,0.0012269836,0.013375125,0.74310696,0.104721285,0.014836296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015572164,0.0006818819,0.14476539,0.0010204717,0.0006473215,0.000010729111,0.114463866,0.011718601,0.06649769,0.12280716,0.53366363,0.0021660137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10909779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08175385,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6202998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061179674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023293057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93500173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1925351048","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.4699","title":"INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION RESEARCH","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Capstone; Implementation; Engineering education; Curriculum; Context (archaeology); Problem-based learning; Project-based learning; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Engineering; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Computer science; Engineering management; Software engineering","score_opus":0.026573017353834032,"score_gpt":0.376440742216498,"score_spread":0.34986772486266393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1925351048","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82252514,0.0018862985,0.0002419909,0.02454768,0.0063489075,0.0016587324,0.00001199456,0.00027950518,0.14249974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811839,0.00002009598,0.014723938,0.00016853331,0.0006942924,0.00008407821,0.0000034780405,0.000025879162,0.003095831],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851084,0.000104393584,0.00023127395,0.0001599879,0.0004307885,0.00056268915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980077,0.0003305332,0.00022298192,0.00007332971,0.001068314,0.0002971065],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008347737,0.00011303739,0.00013193199,0.00060460105,0.0008051338,0.00017949696,0.00025912517,0.00018206336,0.000022553797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011812342,0.00011809628,0.000035182453,0.001263708,0.000039509137,0.00064653606,0.000039949817,0.0006619156,0.000004745224],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002508784,0.00011625659,0.24883813,0.00036000437,0.000086516025,1.3471212e-8,0.07651041,0.000061700805,0.009141666,0.5989604,0.025017455,0.040904943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011974492,0.0000171831,0.19312342,0.00036951678,0.000033130924,0.0000019598397,0.012279412,0.00039105956,0.001991717,0.0008389102,0.7904498,0.00038416844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03839729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023020173,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7654323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0027094882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022256533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1927426106","doi":"10.1002/j.0022-0337.2004.68.10.tb03852.x","title":"Relationship Between Small Group Problem‐Solving Activity and Lectures in Health Science Curricula","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Small group learning; Mathematics education; Appeal; Psychological intervention; Psychology; Function (biology); Medical education; Computer science; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.038402266778567735,"score_gpt":0.3757278051455484,"score_spread":0.33732553836698065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1927426106","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99569917,0.0005209634,0.00032398725,0.0020516103,0.00022895733,0.00014322529,2.3308225e-7,0.0000064155006,0.001025457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957358,0.00003855319,0.003914266,0.00006400383,0.0002073595,0.0000016092723,5.307922e-7,0.0000034450868,0.000034419656],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990555,0.00013397464,0.00023246773,0.00010160736,0.00029158773,0.00018488462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993071,0.00010046271,0.00035244247,0.000038896673,0.00007180315,0.0001293096],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025758268,0.000052416268,0.00010166721,0.00032092538,0.00051036477,0.00011585794,0.00013040738,0.000038705082,0.0000060393245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044278405,0.000048780712,0.000022795204,0.00063386705,0.00015892864,0.00070571597,0.0000172411,0.00029371993,0.0000016698142],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006043049,0.00009062758,0.9610717,0.000027185639,0.000001316357,5.2863106e-7,0.014429503,0.00008544452,0.00030296255,0.003938398,0.000013035199,0.02003322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021547849,0.000089886555,0.98623526,0.0002297057,0.0000045762963,0.000015243246,0.004456061,0.0000013886549,0.00012803225,0.00833271,0.000231001,0.000060678194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042556426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018975142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025163505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006469737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023465636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6433287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1930013869","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.5841","title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF A BLENDED INSTRUCTION-BASED &amp; PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING STRATEGY IN A SECOND-YEAR ENGINEERING CURRICULUM","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Brainstorming; Curriculum; Blended learning; Computer science; Class (philosophy); Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Scope (computer science); Project-based learning; Adaptation (eye); Teaching method; Educational technology; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Psychology","score_opus":0.011009035405572057,"score_gpt":0.2629763660890418,"score_spread":0.2519673306834697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1930013869","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909882,0.000052500094,0.00008696635,0.0025281587,0.0005644488,0.00071258144,0.000013283735,0.00010152642,0.004952347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99667203,0.0000016757627,0.0026097433,0.000042308566,0.000099075325,0.000082038176,0.000016300757,0.000023932482,0.0004529181],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985121,0.000039508675,0.00040324777,0.00018606405,0.00047845967,0.00038063285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983655,0.000064431864,0.0005148568,0.0000651681,0.0007749405,0.00021506404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001663712,0.0001381677,0.0001857949,0.000602645,0.00016094482,0.00009218283,0.00023904581,0.00016167227,0.000083937186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013302831,0.00015504351,0.00007313003,0.0012114344,0.000022590637,0.00037570504,0.000011277124,0.00033875948,0.000003479186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006201665,0.00007238221,0.86935824,0.0003889403,0.0000415526,6.7997895e-8,0.008053916,0.101420045,0.0013475195,0.015470045,0.0022833261,0.0015577461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00736773,0.00035234352,0.5222114,0.0019974518,0.00024529154,0.000003089178,0.057594735,0.047969762,0.013259369,0.0017747158,0.34482747,0.0023966485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09109148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14177547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34714687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00268627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0055519976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98490053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1931483688","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.5862","title":"DELIVERY OF A GRADUATE COURSE IN FIRE PERFORMANCE TESTING USING VIDEOCONFERENCE TECHNOLOGY","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Coursework; Videoconferencing; Modular design; Fire safety; Engineering management; Computer science; Engineering; Medical education; Multimedia; Civil engineering; Medicine","score_opus":0.05284895897452753,"score_gpt":0.2755805331849485,"score_spread":0.222731574210421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1931483688","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940749,0.00008668848,0.0000028171953,0.001946411,0.00032286954,0.00019907103,0.0000025978854,0.00003343798,0.0033312377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979839,0.000009295665,0.0016755989,0.00003721849,0.00006034598,0.000015686088,7.4987327e-7,0.000009868837,0.00020739189],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990934,0.00001372039,0.00022348273,0.00011260444,0.00028805208,0.00026873627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99839616,0.000060081216,0.0003532107,0.00005056162,0.0010277975,0.000112182504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001251638,0.000076472876,0.00012744292,0.00029019883,0.00015561398,0.000035850397,0.00025877828,0.000132405,0.0000037565276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00342405,0.000082470324,0.00002442278,0.0012979703,0.00004301447,0.00026950418,0.000020583155,0.0002190318,0.0000014139854],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017619883,0.000028802498,0.97908664,0.000099255514,0.000013994654,5.518873e-8,0.0075176773,0.0026142837,0.0010271709,0.0033380056,0.00051563623,0.0057567367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011789118,0.00015255118,0.8029376,0.0034533653,0.00016982072,0.000008604424,0.03372812,0.12769075,0.007888986,0.003298649,0.018278513,0.001214123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07959472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016358415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17614901,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001659618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0040258695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92653435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1931733410","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.5744","title":"SUCCESSES WITH TWO-STAGE EXAMS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Test (biology); Preference; Reading (process); Process (computing); Mathematics education; Computer science; Subject (documents); Subject matter; Psychology; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web; Mathematics; Linguistics","score_opus":0.01315412755939,"score_gpt":0.2495897918561054,"score_spread":0.2364356642967154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1931733410","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9536273,0.00017666699,0.00007971625,0.017991684,0.0016092636,0.00081265945,0.000011780252,0.00021219159,0.025478741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99704456,0.0000056746985,0.001048783,0.0001555411,0.00018341801,0.000046193938,0.000002689272,0.000022315111,0.0014908311],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987929,0.000017232349,0.00020268583,0.00016285176,0.00044422623,0.0003801337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989609,0.000080075624,0.00020025781,0.00006359301,0.0004093749,0.00028580485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015178788,0.00011294067,0.00014289522,0.00029907172,0.0001456437,0.00013419565,0.0003109362,0.00011991737,0.000019749159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026650329,0.000107778375,0.00003468747,0.00094889355,0.00001727262,0.00037578074,0.00001841593,0.00027325444,0.0000043336786],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002248102,0.0001687997,0.6208553,0.0004188894,0.00013096507,0.0000012589795,0.042093884,0.03741071,0.0022203566,0.2824696,0.011434393,0.0027733883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023239732,0.00014475934,0.118884414,0.001317691,0.00012288064,0.0000062232048,0.019413123,0.013444266,0.007031732,0.0011050808,0.83452505,0.0016808101],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12852874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14759006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8230907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0027109422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018623542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87727445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1939766539","doi":"10.18438/b8p902","title":"Evidence Based Practice: Science? Or Art?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Evidence Based Library and Information Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Data science","score_opus":0.05954888208378583,"score_gpt":0.3326944135607192,"score_spread":0.2731455314769334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1939766539","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0020996993,0.0034627737,0.022148391,0.3553382,0.0011785568,0.002101627,0.000013362626,0.0012149573,0.61244243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5529565,0.011675849,0.13511774,0.29709554,0.0004011719,0.0001670035,0.00002119015,0.000034156346,0.0025308027],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961433,0.0012741995,0.0005718596,0.00033896865,0.0011203969,0.00055128126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98943144,0.008597889,0.0007694057,0.00040903888,0.00039187717,0.00040032095],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"category_scores_codex":[0.007832888,0.00020715386,0.00017827112,0.0004942193,0.0017410292,0.0013951705,0.0007068303,0.0001452952,0.0037154905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.050449625,0.00017715592,0.00005272243,0.002256576,0.00082766317,0.5374535,0.00013950668,0.00047966995,0.00055448455],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0074257334,0.0003150481,0.0027961417,0.0004088101,0.000038115744,0.00007706001,0.023972284,0.00019099303,0.00020210215,0.8025538,0.013573003,0.14844695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034988177,0.00042164922,0.0017644899,0.0010205219,0.000064251835,0.000017174805,0.0079334285,0.001813291,0.0017237882,0.00016118767,0.98438704,0.00034329548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018748644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.77109e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97081405,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056445748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00501651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1950738967","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.5790","title":"Implementation of PBL in Engineering Education: Conceptualization and Management of Tensions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Conceptualization; Variety (cybernetics); Process (computing); Set (abstract data type); Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Engineering education; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Pedagogy; Knowledge management; Psychology; Engineering management; Engineering","score_opus":0.015728807415784533,"score_gpt":0.2838528762548315,"score_spread":0.268124068839047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1950738967","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98598933,0.00040175085,0.000050157803,0.0038819762,0.0010105387,0.00083812495,0.000012179901,0.000036326335,0.0077795847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980213,0.00006256302,0.0013796472,0.000045388177,0.000054005646,0.000039570157,0.000006697352,0.000010580335,0.00038021602],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991139,0.000015671274,0.0002961408,0.00010921812,0.00029441772,0.0001706533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884635,0.000036708178,0.00034215918,0.000049821498,0.0006029022,0.000122055215],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008894591,0.00007461642,0.00012396043,0.00031187068,0.000075220945,0.000027033724,0.0001353525,0.00007904621,0.000013722028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048302268,0.00008259458,0.000028033506,0.0007147493,0.000023998358,0.0002313243,0.000018590654,0.00008328316,5.264477e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003859361,0.000086903565,0.7054547,0.00097637123,0.000078741934,4.6325493e-8,0.04371765,0.0018936303,0.0011539133,0.23638876,0.0047817505,0.0054636477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008851106,0.000055706543,0.85959744,0.0013797823,0.00013491913,0.0000013259615,0.086271,0.0013904147,0.0041228137,0.0010356418,0.044669595,0.00045624797],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04357342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015051793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23535313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009957843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001393052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9627955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1952032788","doi":"10.11124/01938924-201109321-00001","title":"Medical and Dental Students’ Perceptions and Experiences of Collaborative Learning: A Systematic Review","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Collaborative learning; Cooperative learning; Professional learning community; Educational technology; Experiential learning; Active learning (machine learning); Psychology; Mathematics education; Perception; Peer learning; Variety (cybernetics); Medical education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Teaching method; Medicine","score_opus":0.08179780809903024,"score_gpt":0.46075835201768484,"score_spread":0.3789605439186546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1952032788","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00021120717,0.98216224,0.000039870054,0.000019339457,0.00008267147,0.017309757,0.000025800851,0.000011371382,0.00013772026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00040369242,0.9953195,0.000121152356,0.000038855953,0.000026937714,0.0038846754,0.00009201842,0.000015871929,0.00009728682],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.98765266,0.0068672593,0.0039015356,0.00038932436,0.0009738199,0.00021538367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99244237,0.0009881238,0.0057505746,0.00046767725,0.00018312273,0.00016814064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.019623028,0.00033600678,0.003838091,0.0001336465,0.00045015232,0.000086194435,0.0003147772,0.00009866992,0.0004368921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036341667,0.00018338156,0.00019862196,0.0004749552,0.0004606762,0.0002737831,0.00023664598,0.00021327092,0.0000030973094],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[5.7473204e-7,0.000018334036,0.000058548634,0.9592842,0.00012897921,0.0000075910616,0.03579446,1.0658534e-9,1.0766321e-7,0.0002985992,0.0001091238,0.004299519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007258074,0.00006540597,0.0000031163518,0.8687038,0.003330074,0.00028252977,0.1010131,4.030085e-7,1.4512305e-7,0.000006923134,0.02634273,0.00017919556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040875562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020551909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09058037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003585412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037163403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74780834},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1953554400","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03423.x","title":"Difficult incidents and tutor interventions in problem‐based learning tutorials","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Division of Undergraduate Education; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia","keywords":"Psychological intervention; TUTOR; Medical education; Psychology; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Set (abstract data type); Dysfunctional family; Medicine; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Clinical psychology","score_opus":0.019541417461972178,"score_gpt":0.38552759275622883,"score_spread":0.36598617529425664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1953554400","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9443083,0.0008223417,0.0013846648,0.0358667,0.0011451521,0.0006603854,5.820208e-7,0.00017173092,0.01564019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967325,0.00006447754,0.00068670046,0.001024997,0.00037536072,0.000036666068,0.000017327005,0.0000041806484,0.0010578273],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851316,0.0004435514,0.0002531282,0.00016908474,0.00041765542,0.00020341617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995292,0.00012009258,0.00008814465,0.00005428777,0.00007590962,0.0001323922],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019771606,0.00006538757,0.000110838766,0.00013284502,0.0002618935,0.00007486454,0.00011935306,0.000120876,0.0004416524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00555245,0.0000626342,0.000033803117,0.00037837986,0.00007877772,0.000166527,0.000012430517,0.0002783564,0.00001700945],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003906505,0.0014957888,0.07784535,0.00015405353,0.00000955258,0.000006239785,0.04826629,0.00009000653,0.00032824776,0.018631415,0.0072984155,0.84583557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024391236,0.0005302376,0.27809554,0.003528603,0.00005168738,0.000004446726,0.00934142,0.0011258724,0.0000890435,0.010259152,0.69383353,0.00070133765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001866021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00090681924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84513426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011974651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001399138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66472024},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1954267911","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.3830","title":"DESIGNING EXTENDED ASSIGNMENTS FOR TEAM-BASED LEARNING MODULES","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Computer science; Strengths and weaknesses; Curriculum; Team-based learning; Mathematics education; Reading (process); Block (permutation group theory); Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Pedagogy; Medical education; Mathematics","score_opus":0.01814552210116363,"score_gpt":0.24221401560941336,"score_spread":0.22406849350824973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1954267911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5650806,0.0007372831,0.017072663,0.017749231,0.011155587,0.009050501,0.00009271,0.0017454262,0.37731606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98054045,0.0000042150523,0.015773168,0.00015860445,0.00016651693,0.00014348002,0.000005160171,0.000028667322,0.0031797108],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882394,0.000027758359,0.00022087923,0.00018145262,0.00032962527,0.0004163465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998704,0.00010981679,0.00038184688,0.000055542463,0.0005538766,0.00019490896],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016013066,0.000117458985,0.00013194505,0.00025136152,0.0007522102,0.00010020711,0.00031168904,0.00016214831,0.000052806754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033280875,0.00012339678,0.00009495218,0.0004144502,0.000027474098,0.00026182723,0.000011155403,0.00022148158,0.00000468832],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044080196,0.00035787694,0.68627787,0.0007782307,0.0003608597,1.497545e-7,0.08584568,0.0050640376,0.016208293,0.13272277,0.047426052,0.02491412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017476837,0.00025015295,0.35301262,0.0011313807,0.00036915834,0.0000012804871,0.017378444,0.014051396,0.046924703,0.007493012,0.55580664,0.0018335489],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021126801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060601025,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50838053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018201345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012429019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9853916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1959194904","doi":"10.5858/133.9.1457","title":"Crossword puzzles: active learning in undergraduate pathology and medical education.","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Royal University Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Likert scale; Vocabulary; Medical education; Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Medicine; Biology","score_opus":0.016472936080084166,"score_gpt":0.30092563507677583,"score_spread":0.2844526989966917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1959194904","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75248075,0.0011230853,0.000099809964,0.09929759,0.00035048675,0.000718798,5.897163e-7,0.00017942842,0.14574946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955321,0.00037075544,0.000079604506,0.0013064601,0.00013478377,0.00016027402,0.0000023629177,0.000004268746,0.0024093655],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986506,0.0004288052,0.00012700765,0.00019333173,0.00022326174,0.00037696943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953365,0.00015433355,0.00005573339,0.00005272705,0.00003081108,0.00017272984],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013338809,0.00006492848,0.00010745347,0.00010650691,0.00029389904,0.00006182594,0.000115898074,0.00012086562,0.000034730114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021433728,0.00006469325,0.000018512725,0.00028595538,0.00017535979,0.0001804104,0.000020159867,0.0003375905,0.0000058424084],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013818179,0.00004711444,0.015599793,0.0000027259978,0.0000022140555,0.000013592717,0.0056861765,0.000004834162,0.000001643673,0.012964915,0.00020963849,0.9654535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060799357,0.0000344213,0.8497354,0.000029871784,0.00000733453,0.000013437581,0.0055711675,0.000032016032,0.000016689908,0.038607605,0.1051182,0.00022587768],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048727682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00138847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96522766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080079626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005109193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26381144},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W196799912","doi":"10.1177/0310057x0603400417","title":"Problem-based Learning: Description, Advantages, Disadvantages, Scenarios and Facilitation","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Facilitation; Medicine; Curriculum; Scale (ratio); Experiential learning; Medical education; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Psychology","score_opus":0.03719630245746811,"score_gpt":0.33658106931453297,"score_spread":0.29938476685706483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W196799912","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015532151,0.996262,0.0001264582,0.00031832675,0.00007938296,0.0010622193,0.000026699112,0.0001438745,0.0018257115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0012376768,0.99588645,0.0004839742,0.00038107467,0.000111085435,0.00010988706,0.000604773,0.000052786167,0.0011322899],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972405,0.000850995,0.00046058116,0.0006513266,0.00031567708,0.0004809074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99790686,0.00020991064,0.0003544878,0.0001742392,0.0011734294,0.00018105976],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044068624,0.00045485693,0.0009827281,0.00029124052,0.0009963161,0.00025963207,0.00017161267,0.00043026198,0.00002138327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00073851726,0.0003992913,0.00021735934,0.00034561226,0.00047399965,0.00031523802,0.000044045326,0.0006566944,0.00001951803],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007674239,0.0000073726105,0.0016666044,0.0043772296,0.000022997769,0.000032748452,0.0071510877,0.000007713388,4.1674716e-7,0.00080660597,0.0010968182,0.98482275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017867768,0.00021813995,0.00006198262,0.00414601,0.00030514778,0.0000086790915,0.020641271,0.000006824399,2.0813512e-7,0.00008441226,0.97387856,0.00047007314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021253244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000675947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98435265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020063859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053453527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998459},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968500329","doi":"10.1007/s10459-009-9210-2","title":"What drives students’ self-directed learning in a hybrid PBL curriculum","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Dalhousie University; Korea University","keywords":"Curriculum; Autodidacticism; Medical education; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.011813474149038574,"score_gpt":0.4056642805006798,"score_spread":0.39385080635164127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968500329","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9287103,0.038377173,0.000063842264,0.015260443,0.0034664725,0.0012233933,3.263358e-7,0.00065775064,0.012240322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96166503,0.031973623,0.00465469,0.001170212,0.00019397998,0.000055842065,0.0000045958554,0.0000049144064,0.0002770983],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99678594,0.00092926563,0.0004629374,0.00047482093,0.00066300546,0.0006840224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991213,0.00023876081,0.00030469493,0.00010595665,0.0000781763,0.00015110812],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00446337,0.0001282216,0.0002040334,0.00047573342,0.00096704037,0.00032149066,0.0005250515,0.00004506948,0.000037791615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005736507,0.00012853844,0.000027768825,0.0022310736,0.00020232974,0.0035146626,0.000025145273,0.00035148102,0.000015240082],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005431939,0.00047324022,0.6189286,0.000049179962,8.663903e-7,0.0000012399173,0.045566652,0.0022972787,0.0000028433954,0.004809971,0.0001247087,0.32773998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096300256,0.0012564415,0.34881675,0.0029903708,0.000006304611,0.000007445252,0.22443222,0.006923156,0.000030062263,0.035750605,0.37783396,0.0009896626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037781554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004514457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37770927,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004923446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022639856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74377906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970395665","doi":"10.2190/et.42.3.b","title":"Productive Failure in Stem Education","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Educational Technology Systems","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Algonquin College","funders":"","keywords":"Task (project management); Instrumentation (computer programming); Mathematics education; Plan (archaeology); Transfer of training; Computer science; Psychology; Transfer of learning; Medical education; Knowledge management; Engineering","score_opus":0.012363899561287906,"score_gpt":0.3087393294224603,"score_spread":0.2963754298611724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1970395665","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83789665,0.002125558,0.0002614662,0.12858644,0.0045794197,0.00052874757,0.0000010095595,0.00003978919,0.025980953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99565035,0.000022509152,0.00075845694,0.0000458292,0.0011060246,0.000026350404,8.5743403e-7,0.000006331973,0.0023832815],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987517,0.0003290493,0.00038426084,0.00011735547,0.00024702164,0.00017063279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986307,0.00022791333,0.00048549467,0.00011230691,0.0004916737,0.000051935083],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019350005,0.000067386114,0.00017343006,0.0007449395,0.00015630199,0.000037455975,0.00029205077,0.00016221286,0.000042385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010745823,0.00006211974,0.000034777007,0.00073637697,0.00013671812,0.00025635774,0.000012169593,0.00033486148,0.00003336094],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012150494,0.0002445347,0.13580358,0.00004006639,0.00002355553,4.929963e-7,0.0050379736,0.00022326226,0.0003260678,0.83731145,0.0068786084,0.014098291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040683587,0.0002061665,0.008204123,0.000593307,0.00002148984,0.00010553972,0.061644007,0.000038048896,0.0001394789,0.06774543,0.860651,0.00024455643],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023318197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002037973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8537724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026996355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002124321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3768454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972631424","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-4329.2011.00117.x","title":"Incorporating a Modified Problem‐Based Learning Exercise in a Traditional Lecture and Lab‐Based Dairy Products Course","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Food Science Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Subject matter; Mathematics education; Quality (philosophy); Set (abstract data type); Final examination; Subject (documents); Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Pedagogy; Curriculum","score_opus":0.06451853724507438,"score_gpt":0.30565704501238294,"score_spread":0.24113850776730855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972631424","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902144,0.00060853455,0.0016187275,0.0027996409,0.0005105064,0.00043340988,0.0000010167122,0.000026192956,0.0037875448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98141724,0.000012509465,0.018241452,0.000097304255,0.00018189647,0.00001349837,0.000001651419,0.000007194335,0.000027257585],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817336,0.00026094943,0.00036545994,0.00023217383,0.0006796429,0.00028839876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984534,0.00009239225,0.0005858188,0.000087064545,0.0006077608,0.00017360094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0047150687,0.000105629406,0.00016362025,0.0005319189,0.00067341747,0.00014418672,0.0002958146,0.00006920654,0.000025311154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00095177727,0.00009663991,0.00003385646,0.0015493502,0.00047455475,0.0010822631,0.000012954346,0.00045606238,0.0000010700595],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001109908,0.0059356447,0.15177129,0.00078227033,0.000045586406,0.00003639704,0.35012302,0.035922226,0.054894798,0.05839098,0.0008747117,0.34011316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012455766,0.011336726,0.49207357,0.013804624,0.00054185744,0.00022699885,0.10757957,0.042000916,0.085242406,0.2245431,0.0059497487,0.0042447094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021668508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013701698,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3403023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001835538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.013584597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99200743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972945290","doi":"10.5175/jswe.2012.200900014","title":"Enhancing Social Work Education Through Team-Based Learning","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Social Work Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Social work; Flexibility (engineering); Team-based learning; Curriculum; Work (physics); Cooperative learning; Group work; Teamwork; Knowledge management; Social learning; Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Teaching method; Engineering; Medicine; Management; Political science","score_opus":0.02275908618981425,"score_gpt":0.3491755836981039,"score_spread":0.32641649750828966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972945290","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8308361,0.003764935,0.0039600525,0.03760162,0.01262043,0.0006080256,8.149196e-7,0.0001474045,0.1104606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97913504,0.000026755784,0.004136242,0.00064561964,0.012085638,0.000017589642,0.000008746336,0.000027096623,0.0039172564],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99736005,0.0008489033,0.0005250989,0.00012989598,0.0006241737,0.0005118889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980078,0.00022897415,0.0010313379,0.00005907749,0.00051707355,0.00015575868],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028925997,0.00015358035,0.00025947762,0.00017924297,0.003374718,0.00017278358,0.0002385002,0.00024449074,0.00064237375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007489722,0.00016211547,0.00021576967,0.0017505859,0.00013476137,0.0009954444,0.00001711555,0.0007719933,0.000083807754],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020212404,0.00133219,0.11543135,0.00007562149,0.00008372143,3.7239639e-7,0.49772274,0.000059556827,0.0005032561,0.023653474,0.06458606,0.29634953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027961243,0.000050227834,0.047697548,0.000219132,0.00010646852,0.000001670406,0.07006972,3.9953966e-7,0.00025906236,0.0017812193,0.8792242,0.00031077594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014138955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001877749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8146381,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000730585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004191259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973177012","doi":"10.1007/s00210-003-0845-x","title":"Exploring the context of drug use: a problem-based learning course in pharmacoepidemiology for undergraduate science students","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacoepidemiology; Medical education; Graduation (instrument); Context (archaeology); Pharmacovigilance; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Health care; Medicine; Health science; Psychology; Pharmacology; Drug; Engineering; Political science; Medical prescription","score_opus":0.07763553321957634,"score_gpt":0.3998462720665774,"score_spread":0.3222107388470011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973177012","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9833115,0.00035834982,0.0019976182,0.010643758,0.00052686286,0.0017565812,0.000011394646,0.000071257324,0.0013227015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939323,0.00061235955,0.003892806,0.0007876635,0.00012187641,0.00042484465,0.0000060415978,0.00002624034,0.00019586737],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956534,0.0015402206,0.0007833502,0.0005267677,0.0005173155,0.0009789524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938615,0.0050281873,0.0006040969,0.00016105354,0.00018947767,0.00015571719],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0051922523,0.00024195836,0.0005522395,0.0005080177,0.000844423,0.000038946153,0.0012590827,0.00006320358,0.000025427997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010319601,0.0002059881,0.00018969631,0.00092919666,0.0027621887,0.00052884925,0.00019257952,0.00068681745,0.000003033655],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0031421217,0.0019040006,0.12375922,0.00056002155,0.00040745045,0.000025389161,0.118608356,0.15069547,0.445866,0.10680886,0.00067258265,0.04755053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.059447546,0.004307183,0.05108271,0.0019251799,0.0012071157,0.000014857273,0.037456457,0.014895293,0.6185169,0.05404499,0.15404597,0.0030557811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004698745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014592828,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17265092,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014254273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018072127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999517},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975261703","doi":"10.3109/13561820.2011.613494","title":"Problem-based learning tutors within medical curricula: An interprofessional analysis","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Interprofessional Care","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia; University of Northern British Columbia","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Problem-based learning; Interprofessional education; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Health care; Political science","score_opus":0.015556647143463326,"score_gpt":0.3749948835808019,"score_spread":0.3594382364373386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1975261703","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851634,0.0015012748,0.0042705284,0.0016769203,0.0029988072,0.00020458328,0.0000061602536,0.0000799123,0.004098407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914769,0.000013663974,0.005909707,0.0006602293,0.0014087608,0.000011770869,0.00003523517,0.000026958616,0.00045678427],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9934309,0.0023109291,0.0010029749,0.00023954482,0.0023872752,0.00062834175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996476,0.0005398638,0.0010389031,0.00016291374,0.0008320884,0.00095023564],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0054117055,0.0002575353,0.00055903284,0.0007782176,0.00092365424,0.0000827826,0.0007822045,0.00039496383,0.003109616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012861267,0.00018503926,0.0005573351,0.0011280865,0.00027803314,0.0010978276,0.00013761927,0.0020211798,0.000027651937],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00081584847,0.00041820525,0.9151415,0.00007076044,0.00034421758,0.00006402291,0.06161854,0.0015427726,0.0002127195,0.0028823297,0.00062346103,0.016265625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0070593916,0.0039987373,0.14991646,0.01723801,0.0035847481,0.00023404433,0.7168523,0.008751782,0.0015514512,0.0021346174,0.08494288,0.003735572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044989793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061827345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76522505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040768302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0030287795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99780166},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976394462","doi":"10.5539/ies.v6n5p47","title":"The Four Scaffolding Modules for Collaborative Problem-Based Learning through the Computer Network on Moodle LMS for the Computer Programming Course","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scaffold; Metacognition; Task (project management); Mathematics education; Computer science; Animation; Cooperative learning; Psychology; Teaching method; Cognition; Engineering","score_opus":0.06999233910845619,"score_gpt":0.3948514666459298,"score_spread":0.3248591275374736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976394462","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01953202,0.009332348,0.5273727,0.40291712,0.021023942,0.0141320955,0.000027537446,0.00040704984,0.0052551813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8382954,0.0005116859,0.13209516,0.0047205505,0.008695908,0.010493122,0.0000425446,0.00005060715,0.0050950535],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984509,0.0002733739,0.00027619177,0.00025661723,0.00038453334,0.000358409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99176157,0.005334132,0.00031901023,0.00013292112,0.0024227307,0.00002964701],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014911334,0.00015695198,0.00014225018,0.000027334016,0.0047725327,0.00065259816,0.00048002717,0.00004644152,0.000012977044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050995976,0.00008371759,0.00010795402,0.00025600445,0.00035768712,0.00025494592,0.000063268955,0.00017122987,0.000013422934],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000083485844,0.00015959256,0.0024751667,0.00003166902,0.00070627785,8.743064e-8,0.039400995,0.13325892,0.0000029081023,0.14988703,0.16317855,0.5108153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003477328,0.00016671924,0.0008088165,0.0001486809,0.000046018857,3.7429166e-7,0.03313,0.02805145,0.000008200548,0.011812963,0.9253201,0.00015893394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004270791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038735708,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8187634,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015069844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042695488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99652314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976876455","doi":"10.3138/jvme.32.3.290","title":"Why Self-Directed Learning Is Not Learned and Practiced in Veterinary Education","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Autodidacticism; Veterinary education; Curriculum; Experiential learning; Active learning (machine learning); Problem-based learning; Veterinary medicine; Medical education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medicine; Computer science; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.06630902969419745,"score_gpt":0.422849430202731,"score_spread":0.3565404005085336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976876455","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93703634,0.0011058517,0.000024214009,0.0565726,0.00079730916,0.00014664182,1.6785356e-7,0.000070248556,0.0042466247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846567,0.0019475737,0.0064638695,0.005072964,0.0012143303,0.000012673125,0.0000028739212,0.000014804985,0.0006142044],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973069,0.0011320552,0.0004887574,0.00017321265,0.0006573788,0.00024170397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984841,0.00038077362,0.00048947235,0.000082123785,0.00024280115,0.0003207541],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029585143,0.00011249496,0.00020194952,0.00032497398,0.0002603079,0.00008244395,0.00019473783,0.00018150592,0.00073892414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0039793323,0.000111150344,0.000051449406,0.00037124852,0.00008882128,0.0009335444,0.000038131573,0.00078821427,0.000014720806],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005481121,0.0013876433,0.0044663916,0.000112523754,0.000036432844,0.000033956137,0.05835477,0.000014956413,0.001727256,0.0002526508,0.015148907,0.9179164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052746397,0.0009314037,0.0094,0.000374484,0.000024977797,0.00044483965,0.0061375718,0.000549306,0.000023826296,0.00012055934,0.9813111,0.00015450097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000515113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045794957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96616215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027956459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044348724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8090701},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977145292","doi":"10.3108/beej.17.6","title":"Using Clinical Gait Case Studies to Enhance Learning in Biomechanics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioscience Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Biomechanics; Gait; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Motion (physics); Plan (archaeology); Gait analysis; Computer science; Psychology; Medical education; Medical physics; Physical therapy; Artificial intelligence; Medicine","score_opus":0.2971685131672256,"score_gpt":0.5313319834640958,"score_spread":0.23416347029687024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977145292","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99303657,0.0002255773,0.0013004043,0.00044942036,0.0017434815,0.00025213382,2.948117e-7,0.000054710854,0.0029373982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98687786,0.00011223421,0.011955215,0.00032059112,0.00019387715,0.000017068056,2.9328737e-7,0.0000051588913,0.00051770906],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984736,0.00042875455,0.00026332974,0.0003279063,0.00019349731,0.00031291757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993643,0.00013350729,0.0001178725,0.00011386798,0.00014037578,0.0001300705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036099064,0.00007441185,0.00011391456,0.00023268767,0.0006130794,0.00004506439,0.00019607767,0.00006884465,0.000044394266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025337634,0.000074655916,0.00002833982,0.0013149211,0.00018966437,0.00034463056,0.000054161155,0.00016332675,0.0000463294],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029600687,0.0005764495,0.06752199,0.000038953778,0.000009936243,0.00006971549,0.31361687,0.00003986064,0.011229575,0.012892864,0.00037966119,0.59359455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004855607,0.0012986653,0.01369598,0.0010349363,0.00007763065,0.00020410992,0.8327081,0.0034697787,0.022652319,0.012969531,0.10917833,0.0022250172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004377196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001318452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5913695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011913332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.661704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977169310","doi":"10.5194/hess-16-3263-2012","title":"Incorporating student-centered approaches into catchment hydrology teaching: a review and synthesis","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Hydrology and earth system sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Novelty; Computer science; Reading (process); Mathematics education; Teaching method; Resource (disambiguation); Psychology","score_opus":0.13338489648721621,"score_gpt":0.3658879778413605,"score_spread":0.2325030813541443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977169310","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00024779816,0.9816407,0.000019195544,0.0006706406,0.0003131808,0.0012484572,0.0000053022213,0.00010567894,0.015749045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.050919335,0.9476763,0.00048337088,0.00017719797,0.00027007784,0.00030753002,0.0000072059843,0.000017663577,0.0001413118],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99190074,0.0052148104,0.0008125706,0.00087592466,0.00040054432,0.00079539284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975204,0.001019769,0.00089361914,0.0002538587,0.000024822466,0.0002875374],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.012734239,0.00044859797,0.0019379209,0.0002973991,0.0027416553,0.00016818654,0.00063684245,0.0004863112,0.000029417299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002614863,0.00033381017,0.00016385007,0.0004135449,0.0016690129,0.00033149682,0.0002998972,0.0006360317,0.000043735363],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030038734,0.00006680207,0.0017570297,0.03655806,0.00016009215,0.00001144427,0.0057168202,0.0000014347441,1.195839e-7,0.02134674,0.000038797418,0.93433964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012618209,0.0001887944,0.0000173692,0.015338739,0.0018034077,0.0001945166,0.0026812337,0.000057917165,1.2053141e-7,0.00010522168,0.97889614,0.0005903841],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001058887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000466216,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97885734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006021454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044866416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978086386","doi":"10.1207/s15328015tlm1504_08","title":"Integration of Persons With HIV in a Problem-Based Tutorial: A Qualitative Study","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Qualitative research; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Family medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.03587135929678105,"score_gpt":0.379715552256544,"score_spread":0.343844192959763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978086386","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.977692,0.00013645859,0.0019200577,0.0012580451,0.00004413055,0.0004055836,2.0199452e-7,0.000050835828,0.018492687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99584496,0.0000041312514,0.0034470551,0.000041232528,0.000047724687,0.000026489615,0.0000028782915,0.000009177979,0.0005763507],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9917533,0.00727132,0.00025419684,0.00020511182,0.00031014113,0.00020597235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847746,0.0012354124,0.00014104244,0.000062528336,0.000035991467,0.000047540798],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.015763884,0.00010162252,0.00026902722,0.00029856391,0.00032872966,0.000014636803,0.00006421687,0.000052552183,0.00003144313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004393103,0.00007565822,0.000011806697,0.0003933385,0.00019934816,0.00009563556,0.000005050085,0.0011512565,5.393741e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006674608,0.00011855798,0.05969449,0.00002453736,0.0000063623893,0.000005826267,0.9308593,0.000684682,0.00018644173,0.0041959453,0.00002306622,0.004134017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002655926,0.001217648,0.0041230484,0.0007953478,0.000018844123,6.8101497e-7,0.9852458,0.0004946181,0.000005203153,0.00025045255,0.0050622695,0.0001301248],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022930583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054430496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05557144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006814049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018812438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9835758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978240694","doi":"10.3402/meo.v11i.4597","title":"Problem-Based Learning at the Faculty of Medicine of the Université de Montréal: A Situated Cognition Perspective","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education Online","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Cognitive apprenticeship; Situated cognition; TUTOR; Situated; Situated learning; Apprenticeship; Perspective (graphical); Cognition; Psychology; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Medicine; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.012781245623479516,"score_gpt":0.3162749977018436,"score_spread":0.30349375207836404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978240694","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7729119,0.0011006745,0.00036606984,0.20517242,0.00015689713,0.0004995084,0.000020481226,0.00005701348,0.019715017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99401814,0.000057809284,0.00021384015,0.0005874003,0.00017880078,0.0000075949392,0.00013218638,0.000006056787,0.00479819],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983771,0.0005204714,0.00020681793,0.00011931486,0.0006275382,0.00014878435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892354,0.0002637857,0.00025859618,0.00009117896,0.0003923603,0.000070531874],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010556675,0.00006685999,0.0001173921,0.00005007893,0.00052591134,0.0000032172368,0.00019953358,0.0000891352,0.0010500802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022175238,0.00003966621,0.00005260241,0.00048757097,0.0007233506,0.000032208503,0.0000404554,0.00022582637,0.0000029157425],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010579544,0.007864748,0.18526238,0.00045799042,0.00026370358,0.000009411052,0.37378708,0.012245104,0.018343346,0.072204165,0.14189477,0.18660936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053559314,0.000519298,0.1639727,0.0015911653,0.00045966686,0.000012806793,0.14052619,0.0067729983,0.0045926445,0.010528437,0.6652016,0.0004665552],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.051524714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02652302,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5233068,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040329556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017829593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998631},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978369689","doi":"10.3138/jvme.35.2.310","title":"Comparison of Student Performance after Lecture-Based and Case-Based/Problem-Based Teaching in a Large Group","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Final examination; Class (philosophy); Multiple choice; Teaching method; Psychology; Medical education; Medicine; Internal medicine; Significant difference; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.05796993645339708,"score_gpt":0.4200600995969128,"score_spread":0.3620901631435157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978369689","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945917,0.000967811,0.002165449,0.0015958713,0.00027979648,0.0001545428,9.809287e-7,0.000008868514,0.00023494975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99532026,0.000041528205,0.003788188,0.0006254594,0.0001904216,0.000015574464,0.000003273388,0.000008978649,0.000006327476],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975899,0.0006980091,0.00059109915,0.00012960518,0.0007494725,0.00024194848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998894,0.00030169633,0.0004052847,0.00008563972,0.00009123249,0.00022215709],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030676837,0.000109489636,0.00028453404,0.0002994599,0.00028177258,0.00002075499,0.00016634201,0.0001291479,0.00016653826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040269166,0.000095243486,0.00006829801,0.0002183292,0.00018129293,0.000207502,0.000018173845,0.00063510466,7.498133e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006465688,0.0026560968,0.92869157,0.00030202465,0.000014553817,0.000522488,0.023165843,0.00052359427,0.0001891706,0.000055896267,0.0002989176,0.042933308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010680834,0.013370202,0.8333014,0.006032694,0.00014851667,0.0023401931,0.013920287,0.029332452,0.00030790974,0.00009736348,0.08947622,0.0009919109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030787097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030026474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09539012,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015811168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002188829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38839167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978499026","doi":"10.1176/appi.ap.35.4.249","title":"Implementation of Problem-Based Learning in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Shared Experiences of a Special-Interest Study Group","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Psychiatry","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Child and adolescent psychiatry; Facilitator; Curriculum; Medical education; Presentation (obstetrics); Psychology; Teamwork; TUTOR; Medicine; Pedagogy; Psychiatry; Political science; Social psychology","score_opus":0.039252663388839565,"score_gpt":0.3361105831242955,"score_spread":0.29685791973545594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978499026","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99204165,0.0008196296,0.0000577154,0.0007438042,0.0006369137,0.0009106997,0.0000032817572,0.000045039247,0.0047412678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99738425,0.00011470015,0.0018705184,0.00016955513,0.00034976756,0.000078865975,0.000004415078,0.000015158818,0.000012759028],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978133,0.0004731526,0.00068117474,0.00035767278,0.00032380113,0.00035089868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991872,0.000036597852,0.00051772746,0.00012798632,0.00004053746,0.00008997479],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014325391,0.00016199441,0.00028474396,0.00028331176,0.00021946087,0.000013793874,0.00034696475,0.00015878698,0.00034676894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045705845,0.00016270648,0.000060823648,0.0005603688,0.00020097636,0.000275114,0.000056207085,0.00061654305,0.0000020890448],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009532182,0.00025223472,0.8374596,0.00009615469,0.0000140125485,3.2174276e-7,0.15572543,0.0000037390198,0.000026860585,0.0031288152,0.00028110333,0.00291638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019697263,0.0007486575,0.40130505,0.0006613189,0.00003588055,0.0000010404989,0.5918232,0.000016867536,0.000083206614,0.001955196,0.0011360559,0.0002637975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001688242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0053968295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43615457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003623644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034507233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6634978},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978957178","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2007.12.006","title":"A systematic review of selected evidence on developing nursing students’ critical thinking through problem-based learning","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":200,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Jadad scale; CINAHL; Problem-based learning; Nursing; Critical appraisal; Context (archaeology); Nurse education; Systematic review; Evidence-based nursing; Medical education; Psychology; Nursing literature; Medicine; Randomized controlled trial; Cochrane Library; MEDLINE; Pedagogy; Alternative medicine; Psychological intervention","score_opus":0.07501400386457734,"score_gpt":0.46953076144307687,"score_spread":0.3945167575784995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978957178","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001114965,0.9871008,0.0010093335,0.0016808503,0.00079401745,0.003980248,0.0000018531622,0.0002029797,0.0052288133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000042596454,0.9907231,0.0067703193,0.0005838938,0.00030752848,0.0008562169,0.000058262995,0.00007405951,0.0005840302],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.9898408,0.0053974185,0.0016942663,0.00069009204,0.0017549413,0.0006224917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9928245,0.0039264727,0.0015681324,0.00047034863,0.0010679736,0.00014255157],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032939825,0.0005231036,0.0022520355,0.00035949238,0.0012366527,0.00018142558,0.0010986413,0.0004134955,0.00014012943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.018357854,0.00046161184,0.00044446153,0.0023217534,0.0003157696,0.00043099074,0.000025293524,0.001150934,0.00011535123],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034165166,0.00030412443,0.000012604186,0.9107545,0.000072577466,0.0000021989056,0.011894683,0.000001952104,1.608133e-7,0.011933998,0.0013815059,0.063638255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004699186,0.00007314019,0.0000019101697,0.8770195,0.00084114645,0.000011139272,0.0009231572,0.0000011235605,0.0000017615737,0.00029728434,0.12036289,0.0004199535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017659737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000075540693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.118981384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014409537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.015632482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979397583","doi":"10.2196/jmir.3748","title":"Exploring the Efficacy of Replacing Linear Paper-Based Patient Cases in Problem-Based Learning With Dynamic Web-Based Virtual Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Medical Internet Research","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"NOSM University","funders":"Joint Information Systems Committee","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Randomized controlled trial; Web application; Computer science; Virtual patient; Medical education; Process (computing); Multimedia; Medicine; Psychology; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.05524803938231185,"score_gpt":0.37387709101118943,"score_spread":0.31862905162887756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979397583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896219,0.00008283868,0.0025156625,0.004551335,0.0003214025,0.002264845,7.730469e-7,0.000024391653,0.00061686174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987008,0.00005480333,0.00043790758,0.00021411096,0.00026379802,0.0002285774,0.000004243498,0.000028616343,0.0000671204],"study_design_codex":"randomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","domain_scores_codex":[0.9768996,0.0150016975,0.0017869774,0.00030531042,0.0053054234,0.00070097414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9638302,0.033344455,0.001090118,0.0002343485,0.0011268703,0.00037402057],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.052996647,0.00022429074,0.0013363932,0.0008057237,0.00032242492,0.0001312873,0.00087982655,0.00018740317,0.00039486313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07586782,0.00012314781,0.0004504298,0.00082738727,0.0011589173,0.00026488368,0.0000801768,0.0027172526,0.0000049098376],"study_design_candidate":"randomized_trial","study_design_consensus":"randomized_trial","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.95399225,0.0010847319,0.0017595175,0.000076575256,0.00012952117,0.0000962993,0.0048220516,0.014560401,0.000052674848,0.00029387733,0.00009973967,0.023032341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.8709359,0.0078297695,0.000070431764,0.0024423467,0.00006655883,0.0000026431014,0.001532412,0.11285745,0.00016664105,0.000026290774,0.0038872543,0.00018229612],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017834527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012097827,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09829705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003109533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003071413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99958354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981444938","doi":"10.1007/s00210-002-0556-8","title":"Student-designed clinical trials: evaluating self-directed learning in pharmacology","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Readability; Inclusion (mineral); Clinical trial; Medical education; Clinical pharmacology; Inclusion and exclusion criteria; Psychology; Subject (documents); Medicine; Medical physics; Computer science; Alternative medicine; Pharmacology; Internal medicine; Social psychology","score_opus":0.1658406139629595,"score_gpt":0.5138507135731075,"score_spread":0.34801009961014806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981444938","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79208404,0.005409352,0.00039876555,0.007154494,0.0060740216,0.0036772399,0.000010081104,0.002026176,0.18316582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812941,0.004423258,0.0074042035,0.0010392241,0.001495802,0.00022026194,0.000009475163,0.00005615606,0.0040575294],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9634467,0.031818416,0.0021888309,0.0007844941,0.0006009794,0.0011605865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98005134,0.018169247,0.0011826918,0.00015696534,0.00014144197,0.00029828717],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.018721545,0.0003620581,0.0013769299,0.0007400074,0.00056216854,0.000045825094,0.0008824009,0.00037160123,0.00474557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037702133,0.00037117844,0.00043589866,0.0009244677,0.0007070777,0.00025946094,0.00023152781,0.001676275,0.00008833334],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022463275,0.0039059455,0.069012254,0.00021210685,0.0015647291,0.00018726518,0.11863232,0.0033920435,0.32003424,0.001589943,0.030594256,0.44862857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.068224125,0.008704985,0.020876838,0.00047786144,0.0033007967,0.000034427503,0.013332832,0.36554793,0.021588072,0.0033389814,0.4905855,0.0039876434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004538435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020857692,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45999125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016575062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00074308884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982087319","doi":"10.12968/bjom.2002.10.12.751","title":"A problem-based learning approach to midwifery","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of Midwifery","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Medical education; Autodidacticism; Obstetrics; Medicine; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.031645877426405074,"score_gpt":0.2624216482073261,"score_spread":0.23077577078092104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982087319","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3793957,0.022966536,0.029551448,0.007373556,0.0014917315,0.0014924991,0.000015169308,0.00046963574,0.5572437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9672169,0.0007979129,0.024904266,0.0011166934,0.0010057695,0.00001747681,0.0000027420595,0.000044117096,0.0048941257],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967415,0.00086513883,0.0006276213,0.0002565194,0.0008765239,0.0006327455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984318,0.00023877535,0.00039462064,0.00011050129,0.00037371367,0.0004506139],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032551016,0.00016298797,0.0003790144,0.00031024707,0.0009159344,0.00039221797,0.000532974,0.0001738683,0.00064854365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011830449,0.00019620213,0.0002529843,0.0007415917,0.00016277855,0.0004811968,0.00004277142,0.000977228,0.00009013911],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023986524,0.0017026023,0.012627092,0.0003045699,0.00019757415,0.0013333254,0.023944303,0.03327464,0.0008640952,0.0020484922,0.12296102,0.8005024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019316883,0.000577356,0.002141166,0.0013108621,0.00008432586,0.0009931618,0.0031762552,0.0010200364,0.0001512604,0.0005369618,0.9873026,0.0007743269],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057736685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000103927094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86434156,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014791159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028159868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8000891},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982651348","doi":"10.4195/jnrlse.2010.0032n","title":"Integration of Problem‐Based Learning and Web‐Based Multimedia to Enhance a Soil Management Course","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of natural resources and life sciences education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"British Columbia Institute of Technology; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Computer science; Teaching method; Web resource; Collaborative learning; Learning environment; Quality (philosophy); Natural resource; Teamwork; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; Psychology; World Wide Web; Pedagogy; Ecology","score_opus":0.020133765821274647,"score_gpt":0.34030850283182407,"score_spread":0.32017473701054944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982651348","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.989622,0.0024171032,0.00046119717,0.001910729,0.00028887298,0.00021757712,4.4494797e-7,0.00001131935,0.005070784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9691699,0.00019887254,0.0299047,0.0002507428,0.00012333495,0.0000050056706,4.9969145e-7,0.0000036431738,0.00034327654],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986787,0.00022501836,0.00030209663,0.00015523961,0.0004610476,0.00017790534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989176,0.00015206268,0.00046886838,0.000041433123,0.0002444778,0.00017559357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022817533,0.0000852164,0.00014409618,0.00030549086,0.00041931786,0.00007277667,0.00018067572,0.000046440873,0.00003714733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004473182,0.00006427047,0.000039295242,0.0005203347,0.00030364425,0.00030679506,0.000020009491,0.00020995826,9.052967e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037285793,0.0003768067,0.053931624,0.00020099831,0.000039999006,0.0000026473467,0.09294865,0.0005809552,0.008055871,0.0016786868,0.0010688765,0.84074205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037516328,0.007187471,0.31772885,0.0059966166,0.0006148737,0.000024899058,0.3274352,0.036870684,0.017224777,0.0041477727,0.27705675,0.0019604631],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004042508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016485376,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83878154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003152967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005575149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32250965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983215775","doi":"10.1016/j.pec.2009.03.004","title":"Problem based learning in chronic disease management: A review of the research","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Patient Education and Counseling","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Chronic disease; Disease management; Disease; Medicine; Psychology; Computer science; Intensive care medicine; Pathology","score_opus":0.06538627780990174,"score_gpt":0.4201630698592157,"score_spread":0.35477679204931395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983215775","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008128817,0.98784024,0.0000084600415,0.00043166516,0.00011429319,0.0019156088,0.0000015346427,0.00001851292,0.009661543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002621763,0.9982984,0.00012583834,0.00021991112,0.00008035249,0.00033430805,0.000027434931,0.000013965759,0.0006375999],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961685,0.0020871293,0.0005021304,0.00030514578,0.00063072355,0.00030639773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889016,0.00024664457,0.00035629584,0.00021770573,0.00019597514,0.00009321418],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0034846086,0.000148911,0.0003977977,0.00028303394,0.00051811757,0.000056010736,0.0002800761,0.00007870534,0.00006499583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033640926,0.00011335516,0.00013320896,0.0013471897,0.00010733154,0.00007151781,0.00003555904,0.000592471,0.000008511238],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013258502,0.00005468748,0.00001622573,0.061540626,0.000004491777,3.1995626e-7,0.0014302394,0.0000120936065,8.557714e-9,0.0009700921,0.00028569787,0.9356842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000028936776,0.000018688288,0.000004280007,0.20799951,0.00007096361,1.3003888e-7,0.00036220028,0.00001602352,2.0755511e-8,0.0001871905,0.79121655,0.00009548767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002102636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000061459854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9355887,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004464536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0051429747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91234165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984890370","doi":"10.5539/ass.v10n4p174","title":"Teacher and Student Questions: A Case Study in Malaysian Secondary School Problem-Based Learning","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Higher-order thinking; Class (philosophy); Psychology; Order (exchange); Problem-based learning; Pedagogy; Teaching method; Computer science; Cognitively Guided Instruction","score_opus":0.014671777418350532,"score_gpt":0.3397716846237246,"score_spread":0.3250999072053741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984890370","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7571911,0.000038155347,0.00013616092,0.0015285229,0.00007636142,0.0007030568,4.748335e-7,0.00012254437,0.2402036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985134,0.0000024484984,0.00060102943,0.00018554876,0.0002035754,0.00007860021,4.9229686e-7,0.000011406393,0.00040352118],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.996815,0.0011505759,0.00025840584,0.00051137636,0.0006546516,0.0006099899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929434,0.00011011071,0.00012535491,0.00012063798,0.00009239737,0.00025718566],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0069625163,0.00014299166,0.00019427521,0.00027968624,0.0029386429,0.00044262406,0.0003606897,0.000091572656,0.00014439854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007835856,0.00014685818,0.000034605615,0.0014149635,0.00085689314,0.0006031992,0.00010619812,0.00063657796,0.000021773063],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009174594,0.0002845959,0.5797726,0.000013639104,0.000005746171,0.00018114946,0.13169245,0.000027023818,0.00008377159,0.0050930935,0.00003642669,0.28280035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016923916,0.0005286428,0.6188181,0.0000771449,0.000028961143,0.000031587926,0.3611976,0.00026894297,0.0000075507746,0.0016442753,0.015095992,0.00060880533],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009390772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009058281,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28219154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028322433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010022132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986509897","doi":"10.2202/1548-923x.1646","title":"Employer Perceptions of Knowledge, Competency, and Professionalism of Baccalaureate Nursing Graduates from a Problem-Based Program","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Perception; Medical education; Nursing; Focus group; Medicine; Professional development; Nurse education; Psychology; Sociology","score_opus":0.07364145896875422,"score_gpt":0.4701333130730463,"score_spread":0.39649185410429205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986509897","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97710013,0.0015692771,0.00041050848,0.013830886,0.001212292,0.00029509648,0.000013014604,0.000028076458,0.0055406955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97519165,0.000058005608,0.024227947,0.000100373465,0.00029972935,0.000005323503,0.00002404367,0.000007897034,0.000085010564],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99793005,0.00050915545,0.0006004271,0.00014886267,0.0006497659,0.00016175977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968838,0.00028405135,0.00073919987,0.0000906689,0.0018882408,0.00011403887],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011484217,0.00011365327,0.00022621284,0.00044352576,0.00019533263,0.000104034654,0.0003768614,0.000105153136,0.00008918354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004399987,0.00010578166,0.000116201736,0.00029408332,0.00031793566,0.0006028617,0.000007100709,0.00036694127,0.0000023643584],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023060363,0.0048029753,0.06917403,0.000019810068,0.000075376905,0.0000013871138,0.04262174,0.000041967127,0.012082212,0.012159893,0.00086921325,0.85792077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014968425,0.00065615354,0.8034074,0.012649244,0.00018968739,0.00003227838,0.013491222,0.00008706325,0.0037124862,0.16116636,0.0027701736,0.00034113688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008107449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012262461,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85757965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023977275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019167876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4313651},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987478704","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.01032.x","title":"Holding on to the philosophy and keeping the faith","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University Medical Centre; Health Sciences Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Faith; MEDLINE; Philosophy; Medicine; Psychology; Theology; Law; Political science","score_opus":0.026949551946195992,"score_gpt":0.3423261798353819,"score_spread":0.3153766278891859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987478704","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003960866,0.0003267305,0.000079664125,0.9265148,0.001231644,0.00033298708,7.812954e-7,0.000033245087,0.07108406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.012643458,0.00022089365,0.000037149748,0.96472234,0.019519173,0.00009148755,0.000019693405,0.000014450317,0.0027313777],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979072,0.0005772688,0.00014086127,0.00023716623,0.0008565234,0.0002809714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898785,0.00060452486,0.000083647465,0.00019732991,0.000045624533,0.00008102016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018913765,0.00011065822,0.00010856578,0.00007837488,0.0010133212,0.00014589615,0.00044266,0.00032710886,0.00044044657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026588219,0.00006260787,0.0000372576,0.0003152262,0.00019876519,0.000049469894,0.000041877007,0.001460992,0.00009367248],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001652016,0.000009314345,0.000056390152,0.000013636309,0.000005247639,0.0000023210853,0.008070613,9.862472e-7,1.0192611e-7,0.0018807289,0.8903408,0.09961823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000031164054,0.000021030848,0.0000912516,0.0002578538,0.000012130916,0.0000022717015,0.00079116714,0.000008680282,3.0853988e-7,0.001964879,0.9967294,0.00008986674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019436004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018350806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10638861,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009515535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013919786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.779375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987674895","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.03.002","title":"Graduate nurses’ learning trajectories and experiences of Problem Based Learning: A focused ethnography study","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Nursing Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Northwestern Polytechnic; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Ethnography; Psychology; Nursing; Value (mathematics); Medical education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.09708013609913876,"score_gpt":0.423276584988954,"score_spread":0.32619644888981525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987674895","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99344236,0.0011722303,0.00078292476,0.001398447,0.0012614069,0.00015274754,3.0040857e-7,0.0000356784,0.0017538919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99762905,0.00013622688,0.0017932871,0.000023382905,0.000313842,0.000009818802,3.8508634e-7,0.0000109677585,0.0000830177],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972529,0.00086705596,0.000504745,0.00016511051,0.0009942682,0.00021591719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99732476,0.0007303028,0.00073129364,0.00004836193,0.0010959025,0.0000694024],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024358018,0.00014149642,0.0003537559,0.0004186192,0.0005401974,0.000103835664,0.00030973795,0.0000459701,0.000010547171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016723709,0.00011919722,0.00014256992,0.00030792516,0.00070938066,0.0003230767,0.000024682173,0.00040789173,4.33287e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018806574,0.00029374345,0.068948716,0.000013083121,0.0004031384,0.000008273315,0.8368596,0.0005788847,0.000098839504,0.00069552514,0.000110442284,0.09180169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015573017,0.0020714477,0.010381041,0.00092982606,0.00014196853,0.000009227018,0.9784214,0.00017324966,0.0003170579,0.0022090063,0.00356106,0.00022739918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000112947615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036812482,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14156182,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081778744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012299193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48607215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987955937","doi":"10.1016/s1607-551x(08)70089-5","title":"Globalization of Problem‐based Learning (PBL): Cross‐cultural Implications","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Undergraduate Education; McMaster University","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Nature versus nurture; Globalization; Learning environment; Collaborative learning; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medical education; Medicine; Sociology; Political science","score_opus":0.08096962185001372,"score_gpt":0.4104931957050356,"score_spread":0.3295235738550219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987955937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90859693,0.0014815999,0.007929336,0.056104004,0.00039860464,0.0002442198,0.0000017177713,0.000050294722,0.025193295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973199,0.0005215856,0.0015022822,0.00023519095,0.00027737275,0.0000022884165,6.6123727e-7,0.0000034283407,0.00013730665],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99628824,0.0006827863,0.00051811885,0.000121523044,0.0020795777,0.00030975376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981381,0.0005607328,0.0006457267,0.000077628974,0.0003756057,0.00020218016],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008861411,0.000081412174,0.00018332014,0.00009145427,0.0020338583,0.00009789709,0.0011652886,0.00010289653,0.00033363033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028062942,0.000046170644,0.00011492194,0.0010630494,0.0029126282,0.00046792274,0.000049111793,0.00039390373,0.000005604135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010722527,0.0003816385,0.6505597,0.000081728234,0.00008815481,0.00003993306,0.050303977,0.026820809,0.0016670233,0.19642508,0.0057945987,0.06773012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0063333632,0.0037562957,0.342673,0.0023240794,0.0002947106,0.0011031743,0.024903504,0.011396855,0.0032449209,0.05146824,0.5509831,0.0015187763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00076027215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010081995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5451885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058326434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017259426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99980086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988120326","doi":"10.3138/jvme.31.2.126","title":"Outcomes Assessment as a Component of Good Educational Practice","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Component (thermodynamics); Medical education; Medicine; Psychology","score_opus":0.05903874517072354,"score_gpt":0.4825541725786225,"score_spread":0.42351542740789894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1988120326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81421274,0.0004407646,0.0006251568,0.15461506,0.0021993935,0.00014822507,6.938689e-7,0.000008167624,0.027749788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98627204,0.000234842,0.011366987,0.001372876,0.0005250079,0.0000061024903,0.0000031440673,0.0000055627797,0.00021346558],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977147,0.00042204442,0.0004794793,0.00008092425,0.0011645167,0.00013834977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980193,0.00055096915,0.00064662256,0.000080442835,0.00044034977,0.00026234248],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002610194,0.000069020236,0.00017662214,0.00013672818,0.000158061,0.000025106716,0.0002399646,0.00008245418,0.0008997252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004682633,0.00005858417,0.00008986752,0.00018436527,0.00013356506,0.00044820228,0.000024548706,0.00032481604,0.000011575304],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00079078035,0.019933922,0.060698252,0.00035543807,0.0005515761,0.0001419563,0.08085218,0.00028067324,0.0031312495,0.5767272,0.005759571,0.2507772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028092244,0.0038239858,0.23958606,0.001293914,0.00017755826,0.001428993,0.033254117,0.000012359308,0.00008525611,0.02511285,0.69205236,0.00036330987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011707612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014888181,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6862928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031313635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.014923212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99066126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990257614","doi":"10.1108/01443571211284151","title":"Authentic OM problem solving in an ERP context","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Operations & Production Management","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal; HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Computer science; Context (archaeology); Attendance; Originality; Enterprise resource planning; Knowledge management; Psychology","score_opus":0.03197485750456306,"score_gpt":0.3515195202368921,"score_spread":0.319544662732329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1990257614","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91660374,0.0009648739,0.014391545,0.030706452,0.00919806,0.0010525973,0.000002755997,0.00007812361,0.02700182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98743504,0.00016580903,0.008630569,0.00019027632,0.0013889107,0.000014098342,0.0000050257927,0.000008527993,0.002161768],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983641,0.00028028336,0.00043762222,0.00012629334,0.00058013044,0.0002115704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917173,0.000020271917,0.00016315146,0.000094442206,0.00046446553,0.00008591251],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025309555,0.000078261386,0.00009876823,0.0004609069,0.00026222272,0.0002275155,0.00032847872,0.000033193774,0.0003040369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001433279,0.00007595862,0.00005021195,0.00021878365,0.000057224788,0.0021851275,0.00004126393,0.00018352974,0.00003342237],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018758602,0.0018932878,0.10231718,0.00004310256,0.00046118346,0.000049224825,0.15652166,0.038344327,0.001817622,0.31389293,0.0036244956,0.3808474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030501077,0.00038513562,0.084240936,0.00082313846,0.0002212012,0.00014050675,0.11929865,0.0014814138,0.0013230173,0.007366606,0.7806777,0.0009916117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028693047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007998976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7770532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030474205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000100947036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3328991},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991992387","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01190.x","title":"External examining – a challenge for new curricula?","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Graduation (instrument); Curriculum; Agency (philosophy); Quality assurance; Medical education; Higher education; Principal (computer security); Accreditation; Element (criminal law); Diversity (politics); Function (biology); Quality (philosophy); Medicine; Political science; Psychology; Sociology; Pedagogy; Engineering; External quality assessment; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.03253275765278002,"score_gpt":0.37854936801297356,"score_spread":0.34601661036019354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991992387","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000025298945,0.004905115,0.002465805,0.0062988913,0.96129024,0.00049983006,0.000006002944,0.00011616894,0.024392623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002060937,0.0017864353,0.0014110863,0.0003642297,0.9706047,0.00018633979,0.0001554363,0.000032481308,0.025253173],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969237,0.00026598928,0.00030544208,0.0003965632,0.0016770331,0.00043129906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977817,0.0012067711,0.00023447763,0.00016616457,0.00022832777,0.00038259247],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001929145,0.0001783883,0.00025708348,0.00012677396,0.00042048167,0.000110767796,0.0004941812,0.0011213546,0.003100172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.022043532,0.00017556682,0.0000927214,0.00018492076,0.000116639014,0.0001374568,0.000032560718,0.0008258052,0.000094933006],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000037863463,0.00007352613,0.000007064707,0.000047249083,0.000005150636,6.3022213e-7,0.004721547,1.253753e-7,1.4428089e-7,0.0004497968,0.6810839,0.31360704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027800622,0.00008351124,0.000005136454,0.0007066167,0.000033489734,2.8334298e-7,0.0006087995,0.000034035584,2.906617e-7,0.0012106036,0.996836,0.00020321451],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034858389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005529901,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31575206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025667253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.011678837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99781114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992245681","doi":"10.3138/jvme.36.3.297","title":"Collaborative, Case-based Learning: How Do Students Actually Learn from Each Other?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council","keywords":"Cooperative learning; Collaborative learning; Active learning (machine learning); Psychology; Experiential learning; Value (mathematics); Mathematics education; Group work; Medical education; Small group learning; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.04675227184681924,"score_gpt":0.41329142156653925,"score_spread":0.36653914971972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1992245681","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791761,0.00079040526,0.00072543666,0.016120903,0.00084149675,0.00014765248,0.0000015362994,0.00003032211,0.0021661213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945843,0.00013992311,0.0021592246,0.0014163487,0.0011703168,0.0000037580562,0.0000048784577,0.000010973138,0.00051024504],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967264,0.0012036304,0.0003451772,0.00016155854,0.0013160856,0.0002471726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982327,0.00033904484,0.0005041782,0.00010133634,0.00040022715,0.00042250127],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002443715,0.00012650521,0.00023613393,0.00017101972,0.00047748518,0.00023352017,0.00041183725,0.00018949437,0.0010565416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0032137875,0.000110729416,0.000088971836,0.00039852865,0.00012317185,0.0003991054,0.000017955148,0.0007160556,0.000012929215],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010100015,0.0026984795,0.030080222,0.000035347854,0.00013968184,0.0021394154,0.08880891,0.00011073367,0.002306302,0.00045199328,0.013625517,0.8585934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018714786,0.0044235215,0.0127077475,0.0006030996,0.000075581556,0.0005227011,0.033869103,0.00008955679,0.000081456266,0.0006109629,0.94479084,0.00035392796],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023991674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003269479,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93116534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019397291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004371855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992777156","doi":"10.1111/j.1949-8594.2006.tb17919.x","title":"Exploring Problem‐based Learning in the Context of High School Science: Design and Implementation Issues","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"School Science and Mathematics","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Curriculum; Action research; Scholarship; Science education; Pedagogy; Active learning (machine learning); Psychology; Focus group; Scholarship of Teaching and Learning; Teaching method; Sociology; Computer science; Teaching and learning center","score_opus":0.0769484028717124,"score_gpt":0.35523069430797954,"score_spread":0.27828229143626715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1992777156","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99156684,0.00016942574,0.0022676587,0.0017175084,0.00006323907,0.00088764925,8.400797e-7,0.00004662564,0.00328019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97132355,0.00011232334,0.028283522,0.00009357518,0.00006437968,0.00006172184,5.490199e-7,0.0000050404938,0.00005534785],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978388,0.00017143552,0.00029783775,0.0002654323,0.0010042471,0.00042225452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990966,0.00026189984,0.00017526146,0.00012719192,0.00023460433,0.00010447326],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011948898,0.000099551646,0.00014842882,0.00031959085,0.0013667718,0.00043043584,0.0003883733,0.000027658243,0.000033023756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010421784,0.00007356289,0.000014318372,0.0016409388,0.0013906469,0.0014413388,0.00005989586,0.00018610137,0.0000046001296],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004375435,0.00033584857,0.07346725,0.0005390025,0.000010524293,0.000010091114,0.19818021,0.0020165532,0.078089766,0.55344796,0.0010098008,0.09284927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034096686,0.0010128965,0.10119546,0.0010695236,0.00009617911,0.000014081145,0.68901396,0.0084604,0.046131223,0.13651662,0.011770068,0.0013099107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004744303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000399642,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49083376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010011202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011995597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999333},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993449284","doi":"10.5539/ies.v3n1p165","title":"Implementation of PBL curriculum involving multiple disciplines in undergraduate medical education programme","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Multidisciplinary approach; Medical education; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Curriculum development; Construct (python library); Mathematics education; Medicine; Pedagogy; Computer science; Sociology","score_opus":0.04234370466740232,"score_gpt":0.4689766094601856,"score_spread":0.42663290479278326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1993449284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96650046,0.0005478958,0.00007085551,0.024443917,0.0055471933,0.000294304,0.0000023418866,0.00003772084,0.0025553189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99593383,0.00044545016,0.002122095,0.0002034226,0.0005210614,0.00021630163,0.00003932718,0.000007083958,0.00051145535],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985961,0.000116694966,0.00037274335,0.00018713008,0.0005470857,0.00018030344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99823326,0.00020893227,0.00022918925,0.000081852246,0.0011722465,0.00007454456],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009900772,0.000087020584,0.00012157596,0.0002567988,0.0001954255,0.000046319943,0.00024103395,0.00006190162,0.00018771323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0041544316,0.00008264145,0.000042086496,0.00034208587,0.00018515786,0.00035287507,0.00006581884,0.0001924221,0.000009479547],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036907938,0.0003654646,0.8017904,0.000023205646,0.00003219216,1.5695599e-7,0.01435288,0.0000026623427,0.00016294164,0.051515527,0.0011959829,0.1305549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011922017,0.00006594846,0.26085734,0.00050508906,0.00003914259,0.0000048677744,0.49803558,0.00032750663,0.0008600471,0.055834573,0.1817678,0.0005099074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014952222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.096102834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5409331,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014620187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002612243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9916073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994297517","doi":"10.1080/09593980590911499","title":"Problem-based learning: A review of current issues relevant to physiotherapy education","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Context (archaeology); Medicine; Psychology; Physical therapy; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.0530610299585128,"score_gpt":0.5037688807946217,"score_spread":0.45070785083610887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994297517","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[3.8534105e-7,0.98706174,0.00037448914,0.0021430447,0.000229081,0.0022883564,0.0000092946475,0.00009611337,0.007797505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000018272078,0.99110585,0.0029810483,0.0025725376,0.0009888937,0.00037520734,0.000042108895,0.00008394721,0.0018485563],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9873617,0.010359986,0.0007182822,0.00060490804,0.0005477894,0.0004072963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993229,0.004498461,0.0013182162,0.0004162008,0.00034018446,0.00019797432],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008208847,0.00047736225,0.0013883634,0.00023065692,0.0005055505,0.000110424095,0.0004537702,0.00019244719,0.0006132854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002366848,0.00039743623,0.00037160292,0.0009232226,0.00018691317,0.0005039262,0.000034872064,0.0007450399,0.0000733903],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001649498,0.00035630108,2.479478e-7,0.047030266,0.00008790435,3.072086e-7,0.002949033,0.0000034401394,0.000009956061,0.022449734,0.001622302,0.9253256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012984511,0.00019955347,1.9471761e-7,0.0982282,0.00030368892,0.0000023186196,0.00023432252,4.434802e-7,0.000002430202,0.0013767264,0.89910555,0.00041671444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025515305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000105290355,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9249088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013672684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024126251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995323139","doi":"10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60260-1","title":"Developing Food Products and Enthusiastic Learners","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Food science; Psychology; Business; Mathematics education; Chemistry","score_opus":0.03914846384740313,"score_gpt":0.3471174557997031,"score_spread":0.3079689919523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995323139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98346305,0.0018913323,0.00009414695,0.013688066,0.00033806768,0.00014879915,5.3586865e-7,0.000009224071,0.0003667692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98664033,0.0009521541,0.011184002,0.0002183816,0.00078780483,0.000014690791,0.0000012898662,0.0000037734012,0.00019754768],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994328,0.00008705046,0.00017269752,0.000069375725,0.00014429615,0.00009377922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995059,0.00003536064,0.00015100208,0.000025527557,0.00020233805,0.000079906495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043128204,0.000045196615,0.0000743166,0.00013774633,0.0002311586,0.000075204305,0.00004137481,0.000039524748,0.000035803758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000152712,0.00004273639,0.000016318656,0.00014151556,0.00006111276,0.00035482066,0.000005957581,0.000114835726,0.0000019073423],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022595947,0.0027740458,0.016314967,0.00014861599,0.000015365233,0.000002051853,0.042661306,0.000001693805,0.0021675194,0.00908899,0.0022319425,0.9245709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012008933,0.00043527858,0.08854299,0.00047363472,0.00017343776,0.00021022423,0.061908584,0.0000031944026,0.0013754633,0.00075464154,0.8446303,0.0002913778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014282316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029452533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9242795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073152645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046721444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17779084},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995533905","doi":"10.3138/jvme.38.4.414","title":"An Experimental Teaching-Learning Program in Histology","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Section (typography); Style (visual arts); Mathematics education; Medical education; Psychology; Teaching method; Medicine; Computer science; Art; Visual arts","score_opus":0.09663890428401561,"score_gpt":0.45604951781173364,"score_spread":0.359410613527718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995533905","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98356694,0.00040682792,0.00007619168,0.0006135754,0.00084653014,0.000089444155,2.6222603e-8,0.000023266772,0.0143772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939177,0.00003827548,0.0053446544,0.00019147902,0.0004024417,0.000011284901,0.000001159776,0.0000062620597,0.0000867154],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99803007,0.0010537027,0.0003002996,0.00008755042,0.00035069507,0.00017770541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993764,0.00005309179,0.00021829554,0.00005246274,0.000054234293,0.00024547905],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024190533,0.000057301,0.0001237885,0.00016908611,0.00017177628,0.000016633703,0.00024278912,0.00011265166,0.0010716885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010278387,0.000052634736,0.00003909203,0.00010039335,0.0001296196,0.00036895875,0.000014648493,0.00062711973,0.000005123389],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029526794,0.0039586527,0.033384807,0.000018195686,0.000009878354,0.00014533004,0.17645971,0.0000025349711,0.0014271486,0.0038867868,0.000495099,0.7799166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017881626,0.020625066,0.058595028,0.0006326361,0.00002914614,0.0009673315,0.12562053,0.0003569913,0.00023035699,0.0016321193,0.7890236,0.0004990501],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00081575476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000042013555,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7885285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016447408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015022404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997311393","doi":"10.3109/0142159x.2012.687120","title":"The educational theory basis of team-based learning","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":309,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"National Board of Medical Examiners; McMaster University","keywords":"Team-based learning; Set (abstract data type); Psychology; Health care; Medical education; Critical thinking; Work (physics); Teamwork; Knowledge management; Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.02110978685393743,"score_gpt":0.34034056465449,"score_spread":0.31923077780055253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997311393","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18371998,0.0036186145,0.0021272248,0.03545607,0.00095686637,0.00028093247,5.6098276e-7,0.00012600767,0.77371377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98334897,0.000029513123,0.00013397777,0.00022435916,0.00071741873,0.00001806785,0.0000022402974,0.0000072804332,0.015518173],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99709266,0.0017087259,0.00014600554,0.00007732697,0.0006597449,0.00031555453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983692,0.0012397784,0.00007319562,0.000089758505,0.000039643368,0.00018842453],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010665626,0.00005455374,0.00008130628,0.000027464292,0.00073243433,0.000016423397,0.00024298673,0.00010482098,0.010272524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009255273,0.000035701574,0.000058012432,0.00016494523,0.00045816295,0.00007349806,0.000023174776,0.0004848341,0.000081165555],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029433859,0.0002171379,0.6219532,0.000014247706,0.00003252774,2.2797119e-7,0.022865014,0.000008301722,0.000015721309,0.16343974,0.009784738,0.18163975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020356003,0.000023117955,0.009404502,0.000037724596,0.000016050128,3.973192e-7,0.0052144835,0.00021885401,0.000047162575,0.0031623002,0.98156863,0.000103227896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030229706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043940985,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9717839,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041634874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060723093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998090074","doi":"10.1016/j.nepr.2006.02.003","title":"Using problem-based learning in a large classroom","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nurse Education in Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Medical education; Psychology; Process (computing); Small group learning; Medicine; Mathematics education; Nursing; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.022252179257582338,"score_gpt":0.39161507201989076,"score_spread":0.36936289276230844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998090074","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31987303,0.0006610635,0.0026233112,0.0170786,0.0011341685,0.00096616714,0.0000013312232,0.00019434966,0.65746796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9717237,0.000013619972,0.024347208,0.00058216177,0.00033611114,0.000060265767,0.000015306916,0.000017843511,0.0029038102],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99752563,0.0012268441,0.00029367104,0.00025070965,0.00029990473,0.000403256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988255,0.00061494455,0.00025450054,0.00010879979,0.00014634086,0.000049923376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029505934,0.000096527285,0.000111137626,0.00032753273,0.00035407319,0.00012537141,0.00013026907,0.00012840165,0.00018369441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001733558,0.00011584388,0.000027010326,0.0010023904,0.00005070057,0.0009461812,0.000007700166,0.0005545748,0.00005314596],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011370377,0.002126435,0.83177066,0.000046688532,0.000005707291,0.000011097636,0.021766681,0.016980773,0.0003680723,0.10359305,0.0017714539,0.021445686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092523906,0.00003937953,0.018481247,0.00022455477,0.00002748882,0.000003382045,0.05941503,0.002794648,0.000047745165,0.0028980162,0.9148245,0.00031880234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028017743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0073315664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91305304,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004921234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003864254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97845477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999974853","doi":"10.3138/jvme.32.1.12","title":"Problem Based Learning: An Introduction and Overview of the Key Features of the Approach","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Key (lock); Variety (cybernetics); Subject (documents); Problem-based learning; Computer science; Engineering ethics; Management science; Psychology; Mathematics education; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.13367106332280804,"score_gpt":0.4399003559002237,"score_spread":0.30622929257741566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999974853","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00069190684,0.9924726,0.000023175427,0.0045055603,0.00092348375,0.00043623528,0.0000011594943,0.0000054054162,0.00094047154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0029926384,0.99318576,0.0013178414,0.00009984812,0.0020644846,0.000013177994,0.000005855037,0.000016110305,0.0003043133],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953914,0.002684872,0.0007024935,0.00015220298,0.0009263596,0.0001426422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99747884,0.00017358176,0.0017929943,0.00019987368,0.00022165287,0.00013304799],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039179577,0.000147522,0.0005941987,0.00012631627,0.00024696847,0.000028592814,0.0006109906,0.00027358078,0.00012566618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018888265,0.00007774064,0.00029164646,0.00048541298,0.0003566908,0.0001875438,0.00006448644,0.0010761134,2.3271204e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014765244,0.0002318137,0.000036049936,0.0036579566,0.000026340149,2.465175e-7,0.0023489576,0.000010512661,0.000002366143,0.000584284,0.0008546753,0.992232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000098396646,0.00027303558,0.0002904547,0.0053309556,0.00021391318,0.00015428581,0.00047944734,0.0000070018764,6.151142e-7,0.000057757796,0.9930172,0.00007696255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009543121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011488916,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9921625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001194993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0059092296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004091437","doi":"10.1080/10401334.2013.797343","title":"Team-Based Learning From Theory to Practice: Faculty Reactions to the Innovation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Knowledge management; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Medicine; Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.037613484990256484,"score_gpt":0.37227917937052146,"score_spread":0.334665694380265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004091437","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64581275,0.00025342952,0.08301272,0.20781803,0.0005094475,0.0011640623,0.00000102874,0.00054733007,0.06088121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97685385,0.00001149565,0.009494671,0.005784086,0.00056897465,0.000080461024,0.000031943775,0.000019649584,0.007154871],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9944135,0.004173372,0.00032653695,0.00031054104,0.0004244146,0.000351663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958428,0.003571092,0.00017307459,0.00014023809,0.0001458802,0.00012690277],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014841283,0.00013800498,0.00019249588,0.00033225454,0.0022974361,0.00012228536,0.00019543116,0.000095269665,0.00032538088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.047935292,0.000098454,0.000017514414,0.0008662089,0.000111745954,0.0002808649,0.000044879303,0.002553165,0.00012996419],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007824291,0.00004784024,0.020932667,0.000014076384,0.000024649855,0.0000031025677,0.36400643,0.026717931,0.0018773103,0.009171506,0.0090515455,0.5680747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003205297,0.00018651222,0.011332862,0.00024925458,0.000016655398,8.362659e-7,0.075720504,0.0012560283,0.000004742402,0.00053105596,0.91024137,0.00013964917],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.060033895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041278222,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9011898,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010520462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011533146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004912693","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v3n1p127","title":"Accountability for Project-Based Collaborative Learning","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Summative assessment; Formative assessment; Collaborative learning; Knowledge management; Cooperative learning; Process (computing); Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Teaching method; Political science","score_opus":0.02347503158783144,"score_gpt":0.40772411182168483,"score_spread":0.3842490802338534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004912693","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5961305,0.0019481884,0.043795902,0.09104917,0.0397104,0.002441312,0.00003267403,0.00022707995,0.22466479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904263,0.000012577288,0.0045757326,0.0005586097,0.002067495,0.000024183037,0.000011623921,0.0000079611245,0.002315507],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875146,0.00033745094,0.0002668773,0.000095623465,0.0004316088,0.00011697391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99692345,0.00046706683,0.0004439816,0.000046642996,0.002071569,0.00004729038],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016370643,0.00006324877,0.00010109047,0.00018623435,0.00019328935,0.00013557462,0.00028036672,0.00005696209,0.00014740278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00082695397,0.0000586212,0.000073403666,0.00017767961,0.000064231164,0.00035935876,0.000008014891,0.00015624598,0.000004811749],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001592606,0.0016385297,0.15404226,0.00010199799,0.00035652923,0.0000017200942,0.053944092,0.0027019728,0.0026592473,0.23961185,0.09965502,0.44369417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043045625,0.000130866,0.006132543,0.000053972715,0.000014987199,8.455493e-7,0.0016593755,0.00007683572,0.00023095829,0.0026676464,0.98852456,0.00007696556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027447456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050727085,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8888695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002600293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020712058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.367423},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004988730","doi":"10.1080/14926150802315130","title":"Engaging Elementary Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Adopting Problem-Based Learning in the Context of Science Teaching and Learning","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Context (archaeology); Pedagogy; Content (measure theory); Learning sciences; Science learning; Teaching and learning center; Teaching method; Psychology; Experiential learning; Computer science; Science education; Mathematics","score_opus":0.07024473723198572,"score_gpt":0.3402079990379571,"score_spread":0.2699632618059714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004988730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99298304,0.0008252378,0.00028653152,0.0034069836,0.000082377424,0.00017322092,1.5763445e-7,0.000009947087,0.0022324745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98171693,0.000040820072,0.018074704,0.00006728923,0.000028704557,0.0000051396255,2.0519123e-7,0.00000424593,0.000061936786],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985708,0.00021246346,0.00036380344,0.00016366068,0.0003155722,0.00037368727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986586,0.0003231723,0.0003896399,0.00007916476,0.00037108813,0.00017832816],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.013030521,0.00008497833,0.00016846204,0.0012841854,0.003945894,0.00010678602,0.00048467095,0.000062337196,0.0000061798482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004695292,0.00006668704,0.000019599602,0.001250807,0.0058149975,0.00040101595,0.000029059316,0.001150334,3.427803e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017364998,0.00008235459,0.14725904,0.000044565557,0.000004283763,0.0000066668113,0.61052316,0.000041592808,0.0034624857,0.04952762,0.000017178549,0.1890293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027091408,0.00021125349,0.0043255556,0.00045736943,0.000015856864,0.00013675487,0.9856804,0.0007594008,0.00036339983,0.0017564328,0.0058823912,0.00014024158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003997767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026376923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37515727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021041707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007742376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978828},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004990295","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200101000-00021","title":"Problems Identified by Tutors in a Hybrid Problem-based Learning Curriculum","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Kingston General Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Dysfunctional family; Medical education; Interpersonal communication; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medicine; Pedagogy; Clinical psychology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.022426256429224536,"score_gpt":0.3266607093403593,"score_spread":0.30423445291113477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004990295","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8741779,0.0071407277,0.0051960098,0.029843183,0.00084824883,0.0020614523,0.0000029139674,0.00079438085,0.079935186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874892,0.001504486,0.000090306705,0.0010074154,0.00051018497,0.00011333442,0.000047558664,0.00003027243,0.009207238],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964791,0.0007100359,0.0006450666,0.0004924886,0.0008205798,0.0008527335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998865,0.00032878233,0.00029092623,0.0001565084,0.000088798544,0.00026998037],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0048318063,0.00022835523,0.00037767962,0.0003392317,0.00045918173,0.000027477576,0.00050070434,0.0002541674,0.0008543693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015779014,0.00020088625,0.00004760197,0.0012298159,0.0004043211,0.00032589355,0.000043613007,0.001710918,0.000093387025],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007046065,0.00008812212,0.8113726,0.00022394948,0.000037695343,0.00012627001,0.05844708,0.0019049285,0.00604303,0.0046871025,0.08753524,0.029463517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022306044,0.00020500031,0.00066079764,0.0010952436,0.00003564037,0.000010239225,0.0070598503,0.0017697688,0.00014336023,0.0033607204,0.9829763,0.00045246436],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011434326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040274524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89544106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020783057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028978058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006879661","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200010001-00016","title":"Evaluation of a CME Problem-based Learning Internet Discussion","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"The Internet; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Computer science; MEDLINE; Psychology; Multimedia; Medicine; World Wide Web; Political science","score_opus":0.06455601425601568,"score_gpt":0.3898383918227918,"score_spread":0.32528237756677614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006879661","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60017484,0.0026689232,0.0019054135,0.025073351,0.00031269243,0.0013622823,0.0000012448529,0.00027695787,0.3682243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901799,0.00022109694,0.0001284256,0.00027699198,0.00032563513,0.00002878683,0.00001388899,0.0000102258755,0.00881505],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99657017,0.0012406448,0.0003577518,0.00020546488,0.0013662016,0.00025977066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992585,0.00018446892,0.0001774028,0.00009472437,0.00018014554,0.00010476609],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011310116,0.00009612238,0.00019131333,0.000119077245,0.00016223648,0.000004474013,0.00022623017,0.00017998187,0.009690419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015471539,0.000060667604,0.000030504963,0.00039927947,0.0002774981,0.00013640993,0.000012700327,0.0005988891,0.000057369038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007772236,0.000014471731,0.012269404,0.000055850254,0.000025434627,0.0000012157118,0.09946188,0.0027175888,0.0020534552,0.0025733835,0.0042200484,0.8765296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0056785746,0.0009159896,0.0036734033,0.0033742532,0.00060376455,0.0000031256625,0.0151351895,0.039979815,0.001407066,0.019013857,0.9096725,0.00054245663],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016839302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006168345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90545243,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001087164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003867122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9912149},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006904240","doi":"10.3138/jvme.29.3.169","title":"Integration of Problem-Based Learning in a Veterinary Medical Curriculum: First-Year Experiences with Application-Based Learning Exercises at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Veterinary education; Veterinary medicine; Medicine; Experiential learning; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.03584629376027577,"score_gpt":0.32332275697834295,"score_spread":0.2874764632180672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006904240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921434,0.0006959286,0.0016491379,0.004485496,0.00016320123,0.00033154117,0.0000017874063,0.000016328024,0.00051317684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977263,0.0004169333,0.0015563751,0.000049480575,0.00012214466,0.000019261182,0.0000089874065,0.000012791179,0.00008769219],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962522,0.0010281823,0.0007667622,0.00021556122,0.0014998041,0.00023750968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971318,0.00082903926,0.0011907632,0.000157355,0.00046233006,0.00022869805],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030471187,0.00016484302,0.00046482316,0.00033247538,0.00037694868,0.0000062418917,0.00055581215,0.00020032228,0.0022074236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00181814,0.00011904547,0.000103604594,0.00090802007,0.0011971806,0.0002627047,0.00006049377,0.0006205092,0.000002192187],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.009994091,0.008546677,0.22835149,0.0039134915,0.00024491493,0.00069265964,0.4514183,0.0066952724,0.020159015,0.0010372922,0.0050269635,0.2639198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012092482,0.045421455,0.032186378,0.023157036,0.00038215527,0.00080930453,0.6719586,0.05634001,0.0011132207,0.0001952727,0.15513483,0.0012092121],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012648009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020857812,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2627106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002076581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016316132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007582813","doi":"10.3138/jvme.30.3.247","title":"Are the Concepts of Andragogy and Pedagogy Relevant to Veterinary Undergraduate Teaching?","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Andragogy; Curriculum; Pedagogy; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Lifelong learning; Relevance (law); Adult education; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.07081596440617814,"score_gpt":0.45310113474395,"score_spread":0.3822851703377718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007582813","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9628545,0.0011078517,0.0003334551,0.031760514,0.00094560586,0.00011828085,5.5834266e-7,0.0000062166173,0.0028730407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968868,0.0003606624,0.00093838247,0.0012657418,0.00029426286,0.00000407015,3.5032232e-7,0.0000070639617,0.00024269825],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99752355,0.0013171873,0.00037202236,0.00010132808,0.0005109119,0.00017502416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985891,0.0004165731,0.00048075616,0.0000967979,0.0001480498,0.00026874914],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032015175,0.00007814018,0.00018798013,0.00010158453,0.00028571166,0.000026749482,0.00020928826,0.0000826601,0.00013227949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00575367,0.000055217944,0.0000529414,0.00013032318,0.00022976822,0.00015773239,0.00003134873,0.00039233558,0.0000027394908],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010708714,0.0015371434,0.03212534,0.00042602056,0.00018396247,0.00032938126,0.1476446,0.0000409658,0.0077642715,0.060458932,0.02222365,0.72619486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005124904,0.0024312926,0.012098401,0.00055222074,0.000035680812,0.001036889,0.033685446,0.000012998967,0.000038305792,0.0034206717,0.9460287,0.00014690426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016022217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024702358,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92380506,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059859332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017020088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6888096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007925791","doi":"10.1576/toag.6.2.108.26987","title":"Making small groups work","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Thomas Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Session (web analytics); Set (abstract data type); Selection (genetic algorithm); Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.08472022049393725,"score_gpt":0.32411112769859796,"score_spread":0.23939090720466072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007925791","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17368096,0.003356061,0.002234018,0.012688394,0.0040164804,0.0011056737,0.0000040227555,0.0007957373,0.80211866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950499,0.00006766993,0.0010559101,0.0014414507,0.00030271395,0.000030977106,0.0000021897172,0.000018449153,0.0020307263],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808776,0.00041214077,0.0002366546,0.0002690445,0.00031245066,0.00068192516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981265,0.0012528222,0.00017091978,0.00029886278,0.00006654027,0.00008432326],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015263886,0.00015193356,0.00017843745,0.00013347607,0.001790167,0.00020720455,0.0008120093,0.00016368249,0.00062554574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028050311,0.00011334354,0.00010732158,0.0017829785,0.0005286685,0.0001166813,0.000113626535,0.00042611733,0.00047839514],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004614951,0.00023882395,0.045323063,0.00002721393,0.000078922945,0.00021545781,0.048893157,0.0034481469,0.000019183084,0.3090431,0.00091725856,0.59174955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023522163,0.00042519285,0.27438223,0.00012428476,0.0001496922,0.0000073665856,0.03594044,0.000018396415,0.00011390984,0.07693779,0.60814726,0.0014012079],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011234258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002299733,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82136893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005554134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003124785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009819107","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0113-014r","title":"Using Educational Games to Engage Students in Veterinary Basic Sciences","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Debriefing; Session (web analytics); Set (abstract data type); Mathematics education; Educational game; Psychology; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.15418543042848226,"score_gpt":0.4874232173448607,"score_spread":0.33323778691637845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009819107","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98480326,0.00035060928,0.000080577476,0.01095603,0.0014678304,0.00020462502,2.4798467e-7,0.0000064796714,0.0021303222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99039876,0.00008701412,0.0072571766,0.0012835531,0.0007411226,0.000018897106,7.475658e-7,0.0000071358522,0.00020558653],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971568,0.0007865751,0.00045402386,0.00015214962,0.0011735632,0.00027691427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876094,0.00035569974,0.00023115147,0.000075072356,0.0001931394,0.00038399204],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039584516,0.00009108078,0.00016564339,0.0004343514,0.00033954554,0.00013440443,0.0005798961,0.00008788614,0.0023810707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029726638,0.00008204983,0.00005388401,0.00058145315,0.00019401866,0.000735367,0.000073834446,0.00035841967,0.000042514403],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000306658,0.0047968337,0.30788642,0.0002255218,0.00007359023,0.00011848544,0.11971877,0.00033378837,0.015309428,0.003801895,0.01756676,0.52986187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014478667,0.0048282323,0.76129985,0.003068405,0.000037634247,0.0009189887,0.045457307,0.0005145473,0.000050258004,0.006714305,0.174925,0.0007376154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013119379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002437508,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52912426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028123404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0049776738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99853086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011562715","doi":"10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.04.014","title":"Problem-based learning in reproductive physiology","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Process (computing); Reproductive physiology; Mathematics education; Computer science; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Cognitive science; Pedagogy; Medicine; Engineering","score_opus":0.020879423781402964,"score_gpt":0.3325300295811977,"score_spread":0.31165060579979476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011562715","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97539747,0.00093931856,0.00028683853,0.020875594,0.00030674177,0.0002840372,6.950262e-7,0.00004063849,0.001868682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99413216,0.0003986775,0.003333398,0.001357041,0.0005662529,0.000010733881,0.0000010229012,0.00001530498,0.00018542976],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99679357,0.0011464164,0.00068374135,0.00024046528,0.00042244463,0.000713366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984293,0.00017042001,0.00083116477,0.00012296667,0.00019027817,0.00025589802],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008069893,0.00012323433,0.00043773113,0.00037448452,0.0004480445,0.00003229814,0.00024592577,0.0000964224,0.00009337428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006364631,0.00011306401,0.000084629195,0.00067135587,0.00014750159,0.00031017672,0.000020277472,0.00094743434,0.000014817077],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025532912,0.0019050724,0.046272438,0.0007175759,0.00015167322,0.00022194044,0.5624584,0.20057017,0.0061498047,0.018865364,0.0009837046,0.1591506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012477192,0.009965334,0.09672289,0.0022395512,0.000026643052,0.000098953,0.08870191,0.000050416787,0.00096426695,0.07868429,0.7088175,0.001251089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016655196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046055162,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70783377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020441522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005065371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89857507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011868201","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.133455","title":"Strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats of blended learning: Students′ perceptions","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"SWOT analysis; Medical education; Medicine; Curriculum; Class (philosophy); Perception; Strengths and weaknesses; Qualitative research; Pedagogy; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.49287381906864297,"score_gpt":0.6029140518913767,"score_spread":0.11004023282273373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011868201","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7453375,0.0046691424,0.000055489,0.23054603,0.000059055426,0.00023717192,0.0000030804338,0.000023734345,0.019068783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9115003,0.08712726,0.00009043725,0.00034036394,0.00008326721,0.0000067339574,0.0000011495825,0.0000026089022,0.000847898],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9946656,0.0013840585,0.000297734,0.00023075916,0.0028977678,0.00052404084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99734455,0.0016717185,0.00010625393,0.000074385796,0.00027558423,0.0005274921],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.032832358,0.00006227527,0.00022861188,0.00026211856,0.0015752229,0.00007590148,0.0004602764,0.00009263509,0.0004131294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026694264,0.000047732545,0.00002354548,0.0004928741,0.0040563834,0.00016963521,0.00019662564,0.00038412967,0.0000018259921],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017365019,0.00014720515,0.09470749,0.00041720353,0.000010974099,0.0000017252783,0.02188399,0.000003760269,0.000011486245,0.14795089,0.001552228,0.7332957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014574764,0.00768546,0.22589989,0.0026238493,0.000012384601,0.000010435758,0.36715543,0.002028584,0.00014597058,0.07492373,0.31753123,0.0005255672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0061579053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015259937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73277014,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000068353584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018795519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972457},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012539549","doi":"10.12968/bjom.2009.17.1.37672","title":"Problem-based learning in a Canadian midwifery programme","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of Midwifery","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Problem-based learning; Medical education; Mathematics education; Obstetrics; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.016795680713956998,"score_gpt":0.2753322276386324,"score_spread":0.2585365469246754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012539549","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8979108,0.01266089,0.0003722709,0.016566442,0.0006534159,0.0009425274,0.000007490596,0.00017978215,0.07070641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99434996,0.00046632532,0.003165337,0.0010308668,0.00038359922,0.0000054475954,0.0000043210334,0.000016962173,0.0005771841],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968633,0.0007160769,0.00061537186,0.00019521221,0.00055279647,0.0010572437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850476,0.00015901076,0.0003271275,0.000075776115,0.00026980866,0.0006635011],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005036026,0.00013947979,0.00032983985,0.0005304484,0.00059236475,0.0003526568,0.00039326228,0.00020216416,0.00020174027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013293342,0.00017562162,0.00017183546,0.000766293,0.00012175597,0.0004913435,0.000009306065,0.001123449,0.0000140183565],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009744589,0.00026032925,0.07604166,0.0000411342,0.000023015005,0.0036208928,0.0037007616,0.0022290912,0.00013081053,0.0009766374,0.0031433033,0.9097349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029441186,0.0009800424,0.09246937,0.0027042022,0.000047008092,0.00086307945,0.003087013,0.0002372963,0.0000908715,0.0037129596,0.8920562,0.00080781017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2924578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.53929996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9089271,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004943235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004324249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7671032},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013216281","doi":"10.1046/j.1440-1630.2000.00216.x","title":"Implementing a problem‐based learning curriculum in occupational therapy: A conceptual model","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Australian Occupational Therapy Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Occupational therapy; Curriculum; Bachelor; Context (archaeology); Conceptual model; Sociocultural evolution; Computer science; Knowledge management; Management science; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine; Engineering; Sociology; Physical therapy; Political science","score_opus":0.1166878254586316,"score_gpt":0.3978152408302976,"score_spread":0.281127415371666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013216281","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98931915,0.00026475725,0.0015422754,0.0018538588,0.00010437815,0.00056933693,0.000019348985,0.00010813398,0.006218791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877599,0.0004960441,0.007763415,0.0007102453,0.0005420255,0.00006134715,0.000071318354,0.00003231573,0.0025633937],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959727,0.0008815215,0.000711144,0.00035943155,0.0010598311,0.0010153676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988394,0.00017375068,0.00035507168,0.000112466354,0.0002778535,0.00024150287],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031904525,0.00027316267,0.00026334787,0.00031942737,0.0017733526,0.00034649868,0.0004101497,0.00017740882,0.011771744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008204193,0.0002593222,0.00019997661,0.00068878336,0.00025130552,0.0008004262,0.000014342359,0.00094157644,0.00006841552],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009058477,0.00043879033,0.7179287,0.0000061244327,0.000087162065,0.000027801974,0.01563308,0.1257259,0.00043554947,0.0090042325,0.0024058158,0.12740101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013415565,0.0008672316,0.148184,0.0003317647,0.000024199258,0.000054525623,0.007073152,0.03320125,0.00029801758,0.010242364,0.7845534,0.0017545371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012057523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026848828,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7821476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027114002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017369167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999859},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014025133","doi":"10.3928/01484834-20120427-03","title":"Developing and Piloting an Online Graduate Nursing Course Focused on Experiential Learning of Qualitative Research Methods","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Qualitative research; Constructivism (international relations); Nurse education; Medical education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Nursing; Sociology; Medicine; Political science","score_opus":0.6142348780424998,"score_gpt":0.6702536038699289,"score_spread":0.05601872582742917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014025133","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9785297,0.0009925603,0.013916592,0.00328892,0.0014024918,0.00013113985,3.6727022e-7,0.000014063659,0.0017241873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8759968,0.000057911115,0.122882955,0.000024075733,0.00095896155,0.0000017481543,0.0000027019748,0.000014307801,0.00006051596],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9924578,0.0060132835,0.00042353835,0.00011945491,0.0006161523,0.00036979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99725497,0.0011091589,0.0005825172,0.00007099164,0.00079879037,0.00018358698],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.015717983,0.00008928956,0.00020447501,0.0004066115,0.0008026059,0.0000784587,0.00013211464,0.000075928525,0.000010872495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024341382,0.00008643138,0.000043098764,0.0005008902,0.00037581063,0.0007792788,0.0000074179393,0.00064328895,6.465271e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006428203,0.0005302604,0.00043593725,0.0000105660665,0.000009243541,1.1918609e-7,0.55541056,0.000014975787,0.001812529,0.007625622,0.00007293541,0.43401298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031341513,0.00060001074,0.00825763,0.0027256303,0.00004637015,0.000014080365,0.9753446,0.00011262586,0.0030352387,0.008296665,0.0010987496,0.00015500987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016709996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000054011257,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43385798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048076743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013288738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61730766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015824102","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0213-034r1","title":"Team-Based Learning Increases Active Engagement and Enhances Development of Teamwork and Communication Skills in a First-Year Course for Veterinary and Animal Science Undergraduates","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Teamwork; Team-based learning; Medical education; Curriculum; Timeline; Psychology; Session (web analytics); Active learning (machine learning); Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.04230248598494348,"score_gpt":0.38344637786823094,"score_spread":0.3411438918832875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015824102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968229,0.00083568017,0.00015615733,0.0017671221,0.000053519714,0.00025068602,3.1114095e-7,0.0000050628923,0.000108577275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804648,0.00070951803,0.018681077,0.000053339474,0.00004197465,0.00003396086,0.0000016304822,0.0000046888536,0.000009013307],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987022,0.0003406902,0.00032265027,0.0001211675,0.0003578285,0.00015542019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853456,0.0007277303,0.00031988774,0.000051421513,0.00019702641,0.00016938044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031382416,0.00007525564,0.00015679347,0.00017330865,0.0005133289,0.000057349313,0.00014830033,0.000054916938,0.00003248399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021087856,0.00006698314,0.000015619415,0.00018359898,0.0005486111,0.0004809596,0.00006892342,0.00022554593,2.5095855e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009953269,0.0023410104,0.099322386,0.00069088605,0.00007158651,0.000005679688,0.12164451,0.000027586144,0.019851012,0.0011864543,0.00028545017,0.7535781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030261066,0.0064989417,0.8594431,0.004598591,0.00006816995,0.00011340216,0.09842686,0.0013026836,0.0017674993,0.0023805634,0.021884648,0.0004894218],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030131944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004908173,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76012075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009354584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020058344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39481625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019333050","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200105000-00026","title":"An Online Summer Course for Prematriculation Medical Students","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Medical education; The Internet; Class (philosophy); Psychology; Bulletin board; Mathematics education; Computer science; Medicine; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.10236426265247985,"score_gpt":0.4821921392767519,"score_spread":0.3798278766242721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019333050","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93745756,0.0018744565,0.0096272295,0.04519929,0.0007730245,0.0010245132,0.000005187738,0.00024063136,0.0037981009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98942137,0.0016450622,0.00017074439,0.0032391422,0.0034162223,0.000028552295,0.00009402825,0.000013805321,0.0019711044],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99739116,0.00026195188,0.00032760168,0.00023376473,0.0014302863,0.00035520992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998868,0.00042323262,0.00012841156,0.00012502252,0.00011036028,0.00034496546],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0047644223,0.000099223565,0.00019231132,0.00008042415,0.0003149749,0.000010946299,0.0006132813,0.00032303584,0.00095632626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017520835,0.00007728217,0.000026366795,0.0003403453,0.00020951079,0.00021042544,0.000025963207,0.0004328831,0.000015785712],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015399518,0.0001595271,0.77791315,0.00005560767,0.00006425347,0.000030078168,0.044449218,0.000049767757,0.00036413292,0.0136709185,0.04643125,0.11665808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004504107,0.00063267053,0.06274205,0.00057184655,0.00022212433,0.000019905452,0.020492572,0.0034549097,0.000019217583,0.006382401,0.9005284,0.00042980065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00090093527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037292697,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8540971,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054196043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023590328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999569},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019646362","doi":"10.3138/jvme.35.4.589","title":"Interactive Clinical Cases in Veterinary Education Used to Promote Independent Study","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Set (abstract data type); Medical education; Implementation; Resource (disambiguation); Veterinary education; Mathematics education; Field (mathematics); Psychology; Computer science; Medicine; Pedagogy; Curriculum; Mathematics","score_opus":0.21268875411306193,"score_gpt":0.5170537673752618,"score_spread":0.30436501326219983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019646362","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921695,0.00014889447,0.00004974136,0.0032405474,0.0030679067,0.00049605063,3.9088815e-7,0.000013683826,0.00081331213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971268,0.00012303867,0.00062759896,0.00060278596,0.001241194,0.00003644227,0.0000019848615,0.0000117979025,0.00022831695],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960503,0.0016669462,0.00088002835,0.0002139027,0.00095292175,0.00023591344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981704,0.0004357799,0.00043044647,0.00014058218,0.00030999613,0.00051283796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042761355,0.000119212586,0.0002999783,0.00040304725,0.00022302236,0.000035312205,0.00037262848,0.0001427579,0.00039880548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006418836,0.000109560315,0.00009514741,0.0004463709,0.00011295198,0.00053647504,0.00007263153,0.0007275829,0.000025436577],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017793957,0.016248241,0.2280325,0.000045703004,0.00007189993,0.0016578261,0.1965105,0.000009947911,0.00033107324,0.000073440184,0.004457205,0.55078226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019336917,0.020188635,0.6950079,0.0011590059,0.00004512789,0.0039519817,0.07698416,0.000021719325,0.000014306714,0.00023253355,0.20005041,0.0004104926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012003577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023585027,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55037177,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003790799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009365364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020820038","doi":"10.5688/ajpe776126","title":"A Pharmacokinetics Module Taught Within a Pediatrics Pharmacotherapy Course","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Bachelor; Pharmacy; Class (philosophy); Medical education; Pharmacokinetics; Mathematics education; Computer science; Medicine; Psychology; Pharmacology; Family medicine","score_opus":0.020723638422761002,"score_gpt":0.4004711851504914,"score_spread":0.3797475467277304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020820038","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96874183,0.0020829204,0.0018203517,0.01874543,0.0025062857,0.0004889705,0.0000029147468,0.000057865862,0.0055534258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854323,0.0017842716,0.0059440536,0.0042165336,0.0021072037,0.000021302592,0.0000017455363,0.000025261912,0.0004673168],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976116,0.0006640221,0.00052912487,0.00016285252,0.00062592054,0.00040650042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99762803,0.00027248976,0.0007007924,0.00009853881,0.0007129256,0.000587247],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013964208,0.00015473417,0.0002546768,0.00019922473,0.00026519157,0.00013311757,0.0003827899,0.00004532475,0.001940544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023964018,0.00014116413,0.00012252302,0.00086605723,0.00046995695,0.0005666093,0.000017685847,0.00060489326,0.00010015714],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012546491,0.0010368077,0.010996784,0.000028351691,0.00009582308,0.0000060476987,0.017313346,0.00029682738,0.008221124,0.0018260691,0.02353282,0.9365205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003790996,0.0013195603,0.005664258,0.0001491019,0.00096738257,0.00016007769,0.04860628,0.004824307,0.012139863,0.0044616912,0.91662306,0.0012934065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00074074994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007000886,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93522716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016047945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002186446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024155971","doi":"10.1007/s10459-008-9131-5","title":"Effectiveness, efficiency, and e-learning","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematics education; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine","score_opus":0.01676424481637172,"score_gpt":0.3800004117021137,"score_spread":0.36323616688574195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024155971","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0066761253,0.16705261,0.00068175816,0.73435366,0.006244228,0.0027042995,0.0000043216646,0.0003122262,0.08197077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15494402,0.28164852,0.008408868,0.5410323,0.0078189885,0.0008021109,0.00013515024,0.000099155,0.0051108715],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945928,0.0027502647,0.0004139313,0.0007192236,0.0007059961,0.00081780914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974325,0.0017811249,0.00045881182,0.00013081692,0.000088614026,0.000108133754],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005974275,0.0002122958,0.00033950657,0.0005259742,0.0028121558,0.00012192707,0.00041687847,0.00030250003,0.0000331273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011777392,0.00021191336,0.000038674418,0.0013673623,0.0012752663,0.00086643687,0.000043497534,0.0017775678,0.00001620598],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029353176,0.00022140257,0.12116478,0.006036992,0.000008667761,0.000028204837,0.06403124,0.0039223935,0.0000032957557,0.01042884,0.12916109,0.6649637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000804051,0.00015707097,0.0011766591,0.0008192141,0.0000018827812,0.0000069381217,0.0016313676,0.00007545257,0.0000010406109,0.001952309,0.9938592,0.0002384988],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010494109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005789092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86469805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045512532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005813687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025417862","doi":"10.3138/jvme.36.3.260","title":"Pre-clinical Pharmacology Training in a Student-Centered Veterinary Curriculum","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Clinical pharmacology; Medical education; Medicine; Pharmacology; Class (philosophy); Psychology; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.142883408205287,"score_gpt":0.5223462485027451,"score_spread":0.37946284029745814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025417862","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9831551,0.00063201855,0.00007445982,0.009177303,0.0043736813,0.00016495417,2.432164e-7,0.000016516418,0.002405769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936692,0.0007742049,0.00068788516,0.0022106254,0.002545844,0.0000061070473,0.0000018325745,0.000006300161,0.00009799587],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99658257,0.0014530635,0.000825983,0.00015903168,0.0006629806,0.00031637077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874187,0.00023136583,0.00042297543,0.0000720719,0.0001268188,0.00040487477],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0045883763,0.00010342354,0.00029666565,0.00022496225,0.0001344828,0.00003529533,0.00043603385,0.00018273373,0.00084520713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013569056,0.00009473012,0.00012283106,0.0002927374,0.00014109835,0.00036125004,0.0000318302,0.0007576218,0.000007826762],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00063541264,0.0036719872,0.027988737,0.000033909135,0.000050388164,0.00061418425,0.062018234,0.000011114685,0.00092589535,0.0003340916,0.0088607,0.8948553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0054030456,0.016003892,0.35461208,0.0014770738,0.0000926294,0.0015043097,0.037409734,0.0003069709,0.000009691682,0.0014077965,0.58124983,0.0005229224],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008532857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015346579,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8943324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016662217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0035533025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9254426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027436343","doi":"10.3138/jvme.33.1.132","title":"A Model for Improving Student Confidence and Experience in Diagnostic Sample Collection and Interpretation","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Medical education; Curriculum; Data collection; Medicine; Interpretation (philosophy); Sample (material); Animal welfare; Veterinary medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.060934034520920805,"score_gpt":0.42370719672512874,"score_spread":0.36277316220420797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027436343","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94382733,0.0005648225,0.054119185,0.0010253832,0.00023746534,0.00016094086,3.446422e-7,0.00000384076,0.000060667688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99591106,0.00021396505,0.0035560846,0.00011552224,0.0001372802,0.000030678384,8.765664e-7,0.000002860525,0.00003164737],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992189,0.00011277449,0.00026278396,0.000079809826,0.00023170776,0.0000940412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99873435,0.00090072386,0.00017056713,0.000023316377,0.00009364176,0.00007739489],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011271945,0.00004138674,0.000085285516,0.00009985883,0.00013700704,0.000046969108,0.000060769584,0.000049281214,0.00001158101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0055928864,0.000039159273,0.0000143559155,0.00009409367,0.000085550004,0.0002958792,0.000013514549,0.00010153787,6.1387766e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00065730995,0.0007816365,0.107238024,0.00030074525,0.000012052782,0.000016023036,0.29174587,0.0007066321,0.0031180258,0.007180584,0.00044576195,0.58779734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040679565,0.004165463,0.23745124,0.0023240175,0.00009046955,0.00042004974,0.08846798,0.6151846,0.00010166279,0.03954729,0.0075290333,0.0006502422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015601738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005750266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61447793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000092088434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079394813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66956115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028018255","doi":"10.1080/03043790512331313796","title":"Problem-based learning: a student evaluation of an implementation in postgraduate engineering education","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Engineering Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universidade de São Paulo; McMaster University; Santa Clara University","keywords":"Teamwork; Context (archaeology); Curriculum; Mathematics education; Engineering education; Qualitative property; Problem-based learning; Qualitative research; Computer science; Psychology; Pedagogy; Engineering; Engineering management; Sociology","score_opus":0.02205383028004105,"score_gpt":0.36170223735478346,"score_spread":0.3396484070747424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028018255","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953426,0.00043287364,0.0015781408,0.000552821,0.00045393006,0.00031674214,3.7962175e-7,0.000028181106,0.0012943458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847199,0.0000240186,0.014647611,0.000024537434,0.0005062929,0.000010497003,0.00001455902,0.000024298168,0.000028286651],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979028,0.0006897158,0.0005467421,0.000115277675,0.00056884583,0.00017662291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987388,0.000053299387,0.000420622,0.000087499284,0.00060232205,0.000097412754],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0066822977,0.000102610946,0.00012633753,0.0005530694,0.000066769215,0.000058849342,0.00018417297,0.00002350767,0.00005113022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040605463,0.00011414095,0.000048799888,0.00039987935,0.000011375926,0.00055151,0.000008730013,0.0002501951,0.0000041378994],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016624543,0.00043672786,0.00640953,0.000078335725,0.000016672022,7.1189356e-7,0.021851644,0.5719729,0.0067061475,0.00065362896,0.00007111673,0.39178598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0055153477,0.0018440377,0.7472551,0.0028275673,0.00042341085,0.00003439394,0.033237785,0.08625123,0.008742729,0.00016454831,0.112424076,0.0012797851],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000121924786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000051424893,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74084556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004271671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015881085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4654533},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029364162","doi":"10.1080/07294360.2013.827562","title":"Problem-based learning in clinical education: the next generation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Research & Development","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Engineering ethics; Library science; Medicine; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.18711150514907413,"score_gpt":0.47492062190197465,"score_spread":0.28780911675290055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029364162","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.52755314,0.0017785238,0.00074676453,0.14557166,0.0045750653,0.0034048741,2.8840185e-7,0.00027661514,0.3160931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95326996,0.00010173925,0.008088778,0.0015515268,0.001549164,0.0008653239,0.00004203026,0.000017676231,0.034513813],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9937676,0.0039460408,0.0004953485,0.00037727482,0.00090314896,0.0005105674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981352,0.000745594,0.00012173704,0.00022989114,0.00058819505,0.00017936016],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.015508695,0.00010766144,0.00012416416,0.0003034726,0.0015959232,0.00037225455,0.0004138498,0.00013133796,0.0009800921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00088559184,0.00008877269,0.00003827983,0.0010740499,0.00023919641,0.00023810411,0.000053960794,0.00082510407,0.00036942822],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017064374,0.00063068885,0.10154755,0.00003797376,0.000008810365,2.2986082e-7,0.011111945,0.00021934627,0.00011315557,0.07741451,0.041084964,0.76781374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013668487,0.000033050655,0.08101872,0.00006766752,0.000001718417,1.2213438e-7,0.0013455348,0.00009827018,0.00005749823,0.001039598,0.91608304,0.00011807027],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001414725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009646721,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8749981,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004681189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.015569936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999331},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029671345","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2010.05.003","title":"A comparison of competencies between problem-based learning and non-problem-based graduate nurses","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University; University of Alberta; Royal Alexandra Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Medical education; Nursing; Problem-based learning; Medicine; Psychology","score_opus":0.03631944920324378,"score_gpt":0.38415774567926114,"score_spread":0.3478382964760174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029671345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9560782,0.00016380208,0.00090071885,0.0067211245,0.0010049506,0.0009047296,0.000009075953,0.00020157591,0.034015834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978883,0.0000058006713,0.01938466,0.00009750747,0.00030347737,0.0000884681,0.00006127258,0.000026254962,0.001149521],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99784756,0.00038883826,0.00046307704,0.00036252878,0.0005151901,0.000422806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981502,0.00057008374,0.00046107234,0.00020108453,0.0003973145,0.0002202269],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013413798,0.0002084826,0.00037650784,0.0002827374,0.0009369183,0.00012814421,0.0002738897,0.00018915659,0.0002759393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041019145,0.00020990429,0.00008369061,0.00055099034,0.0005711488,0.00023118679,0.000014122419,0.0007034487,0.000029794011],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030690404,0.00046285687,0.8541795,0.0001827921,0.000022281285,2.5989638e-7,0.03327622,0.0002480137,0.0082818605,0.0063212067,0.0017467394,0.09524757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030252086,0.001220529,0.32520553,0.0012479962,0.00040800593,0.0000016459774,0.07972161,0.0032628118,0.040285062,0.008690219,0.5349476,0.0019838323],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031087084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00085477735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5332008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054176326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019875625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85596484},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030269079","doi":"10.1152/advan.00032.2005","title":"Problem-based learning and the medical school: another case of the emperor’s new clothes?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AJP Advances in Physiology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Memorization; Cornerstone; Problem-based learning; Emperor; Set (abstract data type); Mathematics education; Curriculum; Clothing; Medical school; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medical education; Medicine; Computer science; Visual arts; Political science; Law; Art","score_opus":0.007621994250167672,"score_gpt":0.33604957669705404,"score_spread":0.32842758244688636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030269079","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92173165,0.013128216,0.00023050782,0.042125404,0.0006639158,0.00093161326,7.2699675e-7,0.000059314036,0.021128647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99548566,0.0007803703,0.0010417898,0.0015328699,0.00037131994,0.000045273104,0.0000011894172,0.0000076182187,0.00073393085],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984475,0.0008529199,0.00019608518,0.00017077253,0.00014792505,0.00018480646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906015,0.00054346805,0.00017117233,0.0001214263,0.000042492447,0.000061262326],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001032587,0.00007698786,0.00013154354,0.000044889894,0.00034570164,0.000013017328,0.00020015553,0.00009131968,0.00035953367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013122541,0.00004632805,0.000036440913,0.00026677718,0.0006854732,0.00020880776,0.000030063604,0.00032163676,0.000006345089],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000248945,0.00026025012,0.049533993,0.00008008753,0.00001898444,0.0000019064391,0.033019733,0.003058506,0.0009978364,0.053615678,0.0008169425,0.8583471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024340667,0.00009749202,0.011025935,0.00031904862,0.000032335152,0.000030921314,0.0120243,0.00067133654,0.0005714086,0.044743374,0.9277523,0.00029743975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025486762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00469804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9269354,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048348746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001442222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39366415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030325759","doi":"10.1016/j.jneb.2013.12.002","title":"Assessment of Student Experience in a Problem-Based Learning Course Using the Course Experience Questionnaire","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Problem-based learning; Scopus; Constructivism (international relations); Process (computing); Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Psychology; MEDLINE","score_opus":0.03937056250674849,"score_gpt":0.4425608577310756,"score_spread":0.40319029522432714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030325759","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965851,0.0003876087,0.0013471462,0.0009801313,0.00029878074,0.00028311188,3.1752467e-7,0.0000067716833,0.00011104636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948263,0.000097807264,0.004714131,0.000082429964,0.00016187664,0.0000882463,8.459126e-7,0.0000049009777,0.000023460463],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846405,0.00052134634,0.00037921238,0.000098667675,0.00040469685,0.00013203679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892277,0.00008632709,0.00049238437,0.00006781953,0.00035272108,0.000077995566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013878691,0.00007116713,0.00014058567,0.00011395375,0.00032747447,0.00007451628,0.00014485249,0.000052202253,0.00003921087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000084730505,0.00005719557,0.00004482701,0.00026846956,0.00019813143,0.00030332437,0.0000100786265,0.0002467306,1.6926863e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008371906,0.005018927,0.9374075,0.00004369194,0.0000032412418,0.0000015362841,0.035181828,0.00033399402,0.0026295509,0.0011437859,0.00002332189,0.018204274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077029533,0.00025984898,0.8906763,0.00086934405,0.000072246425,0.000016873024,0.10286524,0.0004193375,0.00022464168,0.000099110075,0.003602384,0.00012436278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025487455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007503989,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06768341,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011478483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079073117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2518702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030426323","doi":"10.5959/eimj.v4i2.3","title":"Investigating the applications of team-based learning in medical education","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education in Medicine Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Division of Undergraduate Education; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.024643220335656645,"score_gpt":0.3985769894322465,"score_spread":0.3739337690965899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030426323","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5847119,0.011949454,0.011125622,0.17440972,0.004201036,0.0014897522,3.2127218e-7,0.00007187686,0.21204032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936698,0.00014953375,0.0016332812,0.0013426932,0.00233141,0.00008204614,0.000004827257,0.0000074869436,0.0007789111],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99773806,0.0008766228,0.0004612404,0.00007902484,0.000601033,0.00024402134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998716,0.00048752662,0.00033885406,0.000088535424,0.00015553282,0.00021355267],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008348918,0.000065369175,0.00012598559,0.00034891345,0.00036795044,0.0000169554,0.00025419318,0.00008206233,0.001087801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0056278156,0.00004802845,0.000023110271,0.0009138611,0.00029408134,0.00020946324,0.000010793167,0.0008476482,0.000006725449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022877348,0.00022178082,0.7872382,0.00002361644,0.000002328836,3.3561417e-8,0.04490892,0.00010274366,0.00004759691,0.009399474,0.009466095,0.14858693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006391642,0.00005572977,0.21461101,0.0013674665,0.000020360214,0.000019933099,0.13770954,0.00034532993,0.000033583798,0.0058737383,0.63916314,0.0001610158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022367137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003563147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.629697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019341942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009340371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032030830","doi":"10.1007/s10798-004-6195-2","title":"Research in Purpose and Value for the Study of Technology in Secondary Schools: A Theory of Authentic Learning","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Technology and Design Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"University of Leeds; University of Waikato","keywords":"Educational technology; Constructivism (international relations); Learning theory; Mathematics education; Authentic learning; Learning sciences; Context (archaeology); Value (mathematics); Pedagogy; Education theory; Experiential learning; Mediation; Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Psychology; Computer science; Sociology; Higher education; Social science","score_opus":0.04737765511171238,"score_gpt":0.41206543634720094,"score_spread":0.36468778123548856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032030830","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826032,0.003158873,0.0019987614,0.011505127,0.00012086082,0.0003977363,3.3329223e-7,0.000006348836,0.00020877967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99730784,0.00028476247,0.0022488849,0.000014199673,0.000050086073,0.00003241409,1.6112674e-7,0.0000033731528,0.000058297202],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889356,0.0003972183,0.00032088734,0.00008756125,0.00019165094,0.0001091193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985571,0.00074493326,0.0002483661,0.00005361803,0.0003819214,0.000014065252],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0054329005,0.000042051015,0.0001175082,0.0020513227,0.00010651122,0.000015850423,0.00030077627,0.00012146538,0.000007403978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014371953,0.00003387629,0.00001530958,0.00058113545,0.00027664297,0.00016265233,0.00003655971,0.00062763505,2.1830901e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029994475,0.0005093411,0.06872007,0.000013494463,0.000053407115,0.00000208217,0.016995892,0.00034804954,0.0013109609,0.1537668,0.000022574764,0.7579574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022319593,0.00146422,0.029956676,0.0004925054,0.000034505032,0.00005537722,0.4187647,0.00043125008,0.0025554816,0.53889954,0.004998784,0.0001150109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012642675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011187071,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75784236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007724986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061532843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2726797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033003547","doi":"10.2190/ec.41.2.b","title":"Critical Thinking in a Collaborative Online PBL Tutorial","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Educational Computing Research","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Computer science; Process (computing); The Internet; Online discussion; Collaborative learning; Exploratory research; Problem-based learning; Multimedia; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; World Wide Web; Psychology","score_opus":0.08520914228484748,"score_gpt":0.529203184298407,"score_spread":0.44399404201355946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033003547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83780503,0.0012631465,0.00015213274,0.1382615,0.00165388,0.00020612382,0.000002405933,0.000009828661,0.020645935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98670954,0.000032590044,0.007898367,0.00019008055,0.004991951,4.4366072e-7,0.000001676059,0.0000040318228,0.00017131008],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964077,0.0014058393,0.0003902862,0.00011980261,0.0012855018,0.0003908951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99192476,0.005670561,0.00012757856,0.000059524504,0.0020718821,0.00014567586],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010082032,0.000058555986,0.00015206839,0.00049858086,0.00090177846,0.00021721642,0.00038014655,0.00007447892,0.00017062394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017722478,0.00005520769,0.000045826895,0.0013152076,0.00018282128,0.00029605065,0.000031876185,0.0010549162,0.000008591072],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035786824,0.0017901915,0.031231884,0.000031032927,0.000027787684,0.00005400775,0.16030362,0.001263918,0.00061983865,0.75456893,0.017919214,0.031831726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015776503,0.0014069985,0.13061464,0.001272014,0.0000130031385,0.0000419653,0.058517475,0.00080269336,0.00007569052,0.7498458,0.055454787,0.00037730523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021633256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016970227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14890449,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037873653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0054787383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99055165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034259696","doi":"10.3138/jvme.32.1.86","title":"Web-Based Technology: Its Effects on Small Group “Problem-Based Learning” Interactions in a Professional Veterinary Medical Program","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; Affect (linguistics); Qualitative research; Faculty development; Medicine; Professional development; Sociology","score_opus":0.05044436518238801,"score_gpt":0.421770317774871,"score_spread":0.371325952592483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034259696","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9431532,0.00042903004,0.00016242926,0.052072477,0.0021574406,0.000580949,5.6050874e-7,0.00014060449,0.001303305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900964,0.000090392285,0.0061196038,0.0019251824,0.0012170576,0.00022821162,0.000012333609,0.000025493046,0.00028531716],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955399,0.0014465116,0.00075611926,0.00028304534,0.0014906962,0.00048372956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976266,0.0008903108,0.0005211897,0.00013761233,0.0002531855,0.0005710973],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039342325,0.00021273264,0.00034364924,0.00095133425,0.00038783773,0.000052587915,0.00057966675,0.0004115471,0.0011046185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0059117856,0.00018483089,0.0001495223,0.0008818366,0.0002429892,0.00031447792,0.00005886303,0.0023326182,0.00004462806],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009183755,0.0050350847,0.0066516856,0.00027208496,0.000028660454,0.0003537219,0.0013154107,0.00014739574,0.001570562,0.000638436,0.0016971081,0.98137146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035463083,0.008240564,0.0053624944,0.006076773,0.000032139258,0.00031702322,0.0007526087,0.00535188,0.00017699963,0.00018166199,0.9695996,0.00036197124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005166999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014858987,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9810095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050662644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0077481503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996907},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034357173","doi":"10.1109/icalt.2013.116","title":"Technology-Enhanced Learning for Improving Complex Problem-Solving Expertise","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Computer science; Knowledge management; Artificial intelligence; Management science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Engineering","score_opus":0.02582930053503603,"score_gpt":0.29890509189697134,"score_spread":0.2730757913619353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034357173","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13793017,0.0004885302,0.25772488,0.01108136,0.00030558568,0.0042761993,0.0000011375307,0.0031838836,0.58500826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94654495,0.000014903283,0.043304715,0.00023192745,0.00014448349,0.00044825696,0.000004318177,0.000023942344,0.009282499],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983911,0.00012490737,0.00025162345,0.00034312395,0.00020074502,0.0006885357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916303,0.00020106343,0.00013773196,0.00014170584,0.00025045697,0.00010602738],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067838747,0.00014102967,0.0001835189,0.0001844254,0.0015432498,0.00022615575,0.00032149607,0.0001792399,0.0013951797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007797121,0.00012968965,0.00007328033,0.0004343421,0.00018926476,0.0005004707,0.00008146932,0.00026994315,0.00015743852],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009601937,0.000034668075,0.0018385355,0.00006191126,0.00001611746,4.933256e-7,0.01580543,0.00012178808,0.15958999,0.015441173,0.0014109622,0.8056693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0054590623,0.0016072884,0.0030832535,0.00044223544,0.000108675966,0.0000074541044,0.24372663,0.056043066,0.068454675,0.104100585,0.51306313,0.0039039417],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003160238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039882786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8086148,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010998834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015925406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034486296","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02483.x","title":"Longterm effects of problem‐based learning: a comparison of competencies acquired by graduates of a problem‐based and a conventional medical school","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":311,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universiteit Maastricht; McMaster University","keywords":"Medical education; Problem-based learning; Social skills; Medical school; Interpersonal communication; Psychology; Scale (ratio); Task (project management); Medicine; Developmental psychology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.00959128052226076,"score_gpt":0.31974885039484846,"score_spread":0.3101575698725877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034486296","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9793742,0.0026707756,0.0038996427,0.010294159,0.00024345642,0.0010747104,0.0000069781504,0.00008246917,0.002353639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99632806,0.0000265895,0.002940657,0.00021937942,0.00008750514,0.00008842422,0.00011985066,0.000011856346,0.00017768925],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964104,0.0007167307,0.00071735424,0.00025442248,0.0016245677,0.0002764929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977978,0.00091596285,0.0005800101,0.00010880778,0.00031725375,0.00028019963],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018286976,0.00014562476,0.00043751323,0.00018057371,0.0001885052,0.000020401529,0.00026174076,0.0002426172,0.00069655746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004411196,0.00013367292,0.00009205842,0.0004472209,0.0010943592,0.0001112314,0.00003251477,0.00025914342,0.00000253211],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034186142,0.007983408,0.8647347,0.0071371063,0.00012265983,0.0000041747044,0.013263604,0.0001776895,0.014266758,0.015553541,0.033482272,0.042932224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.042519804,0.011163436,0.3043535,0.041934453,0.001553691,0.000026433634,0.029068368,0.102667265,0.19661166,0.0308068,0.23477195,0.0045226426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004821728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039309915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5603812,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005938275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005455664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9678113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034704193","doi":"10.5430/wje.v5n4p1","title":"A Comparison of Team-Based Learning Formats: Can We Minimize Stress While Maximizing Results?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Summative assessment; Lottery; Team-based learning; Test (biology); Psychology; Medical education; Mathematics education; Computer science; Formative assessment; Medicine","score_opus":0.08041901156710499,"score_gpt":0.3821945398704818,"score_spread":0.30177552830337684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034704193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6329986,0.009555703,0.003829046,0.052623086,0.006742019,0.0009556115,0.000023921757,0.00013169048,0.29314035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99113667,0.000038865175,0.0068028346,0.00008391598,0.0004213426,0.0000031435188,0.000008771565,0.0000091472975,0.0014952798],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980883,0.00047248483,0.00064369506,0.00009107506,0.0004902071,0.0002142412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975853,0.00028236266,0.0012390879,0.00009449377,0.0006056113,0.00019312948],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023308368,0.00008746866,0.00025003043,0.00039910772,0.00024875402,0.0000722233,0.00023575769,0.00004987843,0.000048342394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011387698,0.000082438324,0.00008017206,0.0005571316,0.00007796477,0.00031467003,0.00001399315,0.00039077076,0.0000037761986],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011228761,0.0011931893,0.31737047,0.0001896704,0.00008151694,0.0000024881633,0.35472682,0.03051737,0.00048933795,0.0021902402,0.055588573,0.23652744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002600926,0.0005192029,0.0038067729,0.0018532542,0.000117445226,0.0000050571307,0.2540022,0.0011988191,0.0030827525,0.0013596731,0.7310895,0.00036444035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00096750836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013552652,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67550087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024074582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027619659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48996085},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034738246","doi":"10.1002/chp.1340240407","title":"Randomized trial of problem-based versus didactic seminars for disseminating evidence-based guidelines on asthma management to primary care physicians","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes; BC Children's Hospital; University of British Columbia; University of Ottawa; GlaxoSmithKline (Canada); Canadian Institute for the Relief of Pain and Disability","funders":"","keywords":"Randomized controlled trial; Dissemination; Primary care; Asthma management; Asthma; Medicine; Evidence-based medicine; Family medicine; Medical education; Alternative medicine; Nursing; Psychology; Political science; Internal medicine; Pathology","score_opus":0.07443815411263957,"score_gpt":0.4671800140050881,"score_spread":0.3927418598924485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034738246","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7172587,0.0032179002,0.017300332,0.23693997,0.0062809046,0.015959064,0.000008967782,0.00004671483,0.0029874751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9576029,0.00018594018,0.038295727,0.002624711,0.0005898473,0.00047161023,0.000007798273,0.000017640685,0.00020377879],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","domain_scores_codex":[0.99600226,0.0017608618,0.0011346894,0.00015432881,0.0006334033,0.0003144895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9932759,0.004042776,0.0016483052,0.00017603193,0.0007652356,0.00009177895],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01111391,0.00012616652,0.0004797398,0.00036733772,0.0005017284,0.000041770876,0.00037204014,0.0000653002,0.0000040802593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0043343585,0.00008946348,0.00020748137,0.0005389332,0.00007228453,0.00018972192,0.000014365277,0.00032720037,7.3547017e-7],"study_design_candidate":"randomized_trial","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.30989718,0.0009133192,0.00008116749,0.0013839819,0.000031539923,0.0000012688283,0.20790736,0.005546768,0.000048766404,0.0049591046,0.0022818623,0.46694767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.54834723,0.0037265408,0.00032437508,0.08877473,0.0001628451,6.89965e-7,0.3445886,0.00007969109,0.00018575914,0.0022622498,0.011208595,0.00033869705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025403072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011402625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46660897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006104939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004130407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73271644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035364345","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2010.10.009","title":"Nursing students’ views on the effectiveness of problem-based learning","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Cronbach's alpha; Likert scale; Problem-based learning; Nursing; Workload; Internal consistency; Psychology; Medicine; Scale (ratio); Medical education; Test (biology); Patient satisfaction; Computer science; Psychometrics; Clinical psychology","score_opus":0.020578976356755596,"score_gpt":0.375113903870072,"score_spread":0.3545349275133164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035364345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80149096,0.00006748312,0.0003055127,0.0044584507,0.0017629578,0.0010521142,7.6559223e-7,0.000085838015,0.19077592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99781376,0.0000036556476,0.0004964825,0.000150004,0.00022713767,0.00012845418,0.000006295807,0.000013535952,0.001160652],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972804,0.001705508,0.00017200303,0.00019293233,0.00043221776,0.0002169121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982112,0.0011810159,0.00017303939,0.00020169484,0.00016507551,0.00006794205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004651798,0.0000991335,0.0001263309,0.0001001855,0.0005707873,0.00008017855,0.00034317878,0.000093594535,0.0004345039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00097213034,0.00007506488,0.00006415784,0.00038223877,0.00023702295,0.00010332617,0.0000054403995,0.0004992808,0.00006650167],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023266487,0.0026271786,0.13423327,0.00015445829,0.0000327257,3.7366178e-7,0.054690696,0.00045774996,0.03482904,0.5427395,0.0027336897,0.22726865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00166283,0.0007858888,0.35389167,0.0042544906,0.0001453791,0.0000017453015,0.036692034,0.00014656904,0.055647593,0.039622083,0.50613207,0.0010176492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038363863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008074366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50339836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000856869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00093317457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4757513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037215107","doi":"10.1023/a:1009861519503","title":"Does PBL Matter? Relations Between Instructional Context, Learning Strategies, and Learning Outcomes","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Queen's University","funders":"Medical Research Council","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Competence (human resources); Mathematics education; Medical education; Medicine; Social psychology","score_opus":0.018436381898303066,"score_gpt":0.382488890088259,"score_spread":0.36405250818995594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2037215107","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9252254,0.0050917636,0.00025367338,0.013016006,0.0007805747,0.00045063073,0.0000018790188,0.00011864654,0.05506145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98948205,0.0020676367,0.0035909747,0.00039848802,0.00019721185,0.000040734474,0.000011076738,0.0000067313576,0.0042051137],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976184,0.00082995597,0.00040419644,0.00036684022,0.0003564042,0.0004242292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988506,0.0006690203,0.00023054704,0.00006530278,0.000049646755,0.00013489042],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025891152,0.00011386096,0.00018255551,0.00022540509,0.002750841,0.00023714574,0.00018001364,0.00006594285,0.0008616789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029330567,0.00008897727,0.000023596824,0.00075238314,0.00059139036,0.0026806928,0.000015138073,0.00048650353,0.000046244215],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000018763814,0.000010159569,0.65922946,0.000020269385,9.334435e-7,4.4115612e-8,0.006381303,0.0019366711,3.294119e-7,0.00953549,0.000010171843,0.3228733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016024274,0.000096910844,0.4877097,0.00016653076,0.0000030809958,0.0000011697731,0.05146534,0.00013092924,0.0000010225137,0.0159227,0.4441457,0.0001966751],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010814923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004405827,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44413552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019158985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019715377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99854743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037481269","doi":"10.1080/01421590601032450","title":"From the facts to the screen: a blended model of teaching basic hospital skills to 2nd year medical students","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.014551659646233705,"score_gpt":0.3242020367018527,"score_spread":0.309650377055619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2037481269","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86661327,0.000079570484,0.005443164,0.10127691,0.0002633951,0.0005740274,0.000012532111,0.000079779005,0.025657343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99131995,0.000007439664,0.0005210255,0.0030403167,0.0013390622,0.000029876683,0.000007661592,0.000018278362,0.003716375],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9943203,0.0009287111,0.00032826525,0.00031056153,0.0036427975,0.0004693755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871963,0.00043505878,0.000075515185,0.00030728563,0.000042870164,0.00041966443],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006574922,0.00014305966,0.00022949687,0.000039851195,0.00048667597,0.000093703726,0.0017534024,0.00022191998,0.0024385336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004987584,0.00008090387,0.00009819857,0.00023142516,0.00024905996,0.00007869102,0.00036406567,0.00087397546,0.00015413445],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008281371,0.0018893059,0.24394909,0.000013739574,0.00021518505,0.00004290768,0.2254825,0.0006462967,0.000051567113,0.01292057,0.36393628,0.15076979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044366485,0.00070077437,0.081041634,0.0012809493,0.00023409922,0.0000023788807,0.046261057,0.014416373,0.00012291591,0.013726001,0.83619493,0.0015822327],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026520487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0048794635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4722587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070620044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005124675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99847335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039162750","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0113-021r","title":"Peer-Assisted Communication Training: Veterinary Students as Simulated Clients and Communication Skills Trainers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Communication skills; Veterinary medicine; Veterinary education; Peer learning; Medicine; Psychology; Curriculum; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.08418868031897647,"score_gpt":0.453892281483647,"score_spread":0.36970360116467055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039162750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98083574,0.0007166956,0.00003012526,0.013804472,0.00038849548,0.000293657,6.029103e-7,0.000029263278,0.0039009438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951409,0.0012042719,0.001615896,0.0008724149,0.00015340187,0.000015410187,0.000024642914,0.000015408772,0.00095765304],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99615365,0.001475023,0.00064725854,0.00014148682,0.0013326734,0.0002499209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974782,0.0005138821,0.0005903494,0.0002599566,0.00069385255,0.00046374433],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038286832,0.00013363505,0.00024898764,0.00020799115,0.0005289838,0.00018511494,0.00077101844,0.00021061915,0.0007714951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037349754,0.00012493113,0.000076252785,0.00029101415,0.0003460955,0.00081246044,0.000119496166,0.00057172583,0.000023838758],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024092989,0.002033316,0.008270481,0.000073768366,0.00014512106,0.000023578974,0.20085809,0.000022243488,0.001273018,0.00075078185,0.0060644583,0.78024423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0051009576,0.005108796,0.278567,0.0026809785,0.00017619602,0.0012748215,0.12389501,0.0006557187,0.000021154934,0.0056011663,0.5760865,0.00083167554],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00088786794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017086628,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77941257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017791626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013258258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84473306},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039461050","doi":"10.1159/000163038","title":"Problem-Based Learning and Medical Education Forty Years On","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Principles and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":405,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medicine; Problem-based learning; Foundation (evidence); Medical education; Cognition; Medical literature; Pedagogy; Psychology; Pathology; Psychiatry","score_opus":0.07062458742565862,"score_gpt":0.43496876586225597,"score_spread":0.36434417843659733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039461050","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000831819,0.92593807,0.00007834132,0.0043978128,0.0002324405,0.00056564674,0.0000016267227,0.00009229323,0.06868546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000030069828,0.99506557,0.0012694576,0.0014964613,0.00063600176,0.00009147665,0.000039239058,0.00003409378,0.0013376354],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99409807,0.0027836452,0.0005159183,0.0005155103,0.0016759867,0.00041085642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9926647,0.005844197,0.00048159625,0.00014232684,0.00008252137,0.00078468083],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0058792722,0.00026909573,0.00068771973,0.00015911885,0.0007590191,0.00012672954,0.000284514,0.00082932186,0.00080078526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03881037,0.0002211982,0.00011913381,0.00031856255,0.0004970791,0.0002130529,0.00012591096,0.001982497,0.00005376798],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017029637,0.0001068146,0.000037198322,0.0012879185,0.000028138093,0.0000627551,0.0007099237,3.7972922e-7,2.2644715e-9,0.005052913,0.0008185957,0.99187833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018495791,0.000114798495,0.000008395925,0.006258668,0.000130343,0.00014676868,0.00024680584,0.00002896799,7.728926e-9,0.000051699695,0.9925728,0.00025580492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009355811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018296987,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9917542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010577461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009413914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962018},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039747566","doi":"10.1016/s1607-551x(08)70094-9","title":"Status of Medical Education Reform at Saga Medical School 5 Years After Introducing PBL","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Medical education; Workload; License; United States Medical Licensing Examination; Medicine; Medical school; Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.03564160506963474,"score_gpt":0.36080717904326404,"score_spread":0.3251655739736293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039747566","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9065246,0.0036804862,0.00013663288,0.08392311,0.0011358982,0.000103764745,6.4729375e-7,0.000017239878,0.004477606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907301,0.0050914986,0.0005012518,0.0018732778,0.0016430037,0.0000044836365,4.3907204e-7,0.0000066212906,0.00014934572],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98726517,0.00090698927,0.0008032911,0.00022144672,0.010140408,0.00066266727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967138,0.00061378616,0.0005156929,0.0001741098,0.00018085631,0.0018017341],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.022923453,0.00012106804,0.0003170091,0.00020441173,0.00081406883,0.000060768718,0.002036342,0.00030579593,0.011721758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.020245997,0.00007070476,0.00014439182,0.000814316,0.0035509295,0.00038384215,0.00034171864,0.0010996717,0.000030278094],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005436735,0.0011249144,0.31539616,0.00014452588,0.00020411662,0.0008935881,0.11576328,0.00010010046,0.00017582733,0.032060742,0.026044128,0.5075489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0077292104,0.003362077,0.4111755,0.009659852,0.0003670444,0.0050783134,0.084918775,0.0045443466,0.00094504334,0.025840066,0.44430965,0.0020701298],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005044357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014567917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5054788,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039074974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.020026514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040028295","doi":"10.1080/13576280600938455","title":"Perception of students about the problem-based learning sessions conducted for medical and dental schools' students of Universiti Sains Malaysia","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education for Health","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Perception; Medical education; Mathematics education; Session (web analytics); Psychology; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.020543625822758694,"score_gpt":0.4057617742834792,"score_spread":0.3852181484607205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040028295","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924352,0.00013881318,0.0019617237,0.0038859048,0.0001373913,0.001201362,0.000015537265,0.00002107045,0.00020300629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965101,0.000055774704,0.002346211,0.00021566334,0.00012015757,0.00006195188,0.00009755939,0.000008169397,0.0005844066],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984909,0.00038339072,0.0002787641,0.00014636778,0.00049648987,0.00020405039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990822,0.00024071966,0.00030300135,0.00006582424,0.00020112602,0.000107130465],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022664233,0.00006588063,0.0001380895,0.0000942416,0.000754582,0.000033023567,0.00021945279,0.0000706916,0.0000652761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021280997,0.000055913813,0.000046768797,0.00020294482,0.00013016796,0.00010844854,0.000022889939,0.00014042553,9.305405e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075289776,0.00073944835,0.95177805,0.0004033396,0.000023977296,6.395219e-8,0.013877756,0.00028212304,0.0002703465,0.010349735,0.0027709843,0.019428877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038597898,0.00088445423,0.729423,0.0010315647,0.000086523556,0.0000016299045,0.1960783,0.0008334798,0.00007084399,0.0015085504,0.06593337,0.00028847286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058186064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00056622614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22235505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022442611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002460082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8796031},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042125550","doi":"10.3138/jvme.35.4.631","title":"Problem-Based Learning in Veterinary Education","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Temptation; Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Rote learning; Lifelong learning; Medical education; Process (computing); Autodidacticism; Inclusion (mineral); Medicine; Psychology; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Cooperative learning; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.12548404741233166,"score_gpt":0.4649572411784262,"score_spread":0.3394731937660945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042125550","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000766618,0.9905662,0.00005004952,0.00090934034,0.002311691,0.0005083545,6.4671036e-7,0.000033127868,0.004854005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00067306974,0.99435407,0.0020531886,0.0002549856,0.0018549637,0.00009225281,0.000038254035,0.000044121047,0.0006350995],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9940128,0.00274918,0.001381015,0.0002810125,0.0011730366,0.00040297158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969323,0.0005571031,0.0015696913,0.0001701643,0.000296493,0.00047419124],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030991323,0.00030698674,0.0010512199,0.0010194043,0.0003306151,0.000067887835,0.00067640084,0.0006305338,0.0005741061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0032801938,0.00027503865,0.00042297778,0.0009097305,0.00021119388,0.00040644978,0.000051876385,0.0020209358,0.000036188947],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032105752,0.0006048498,0.000041876538,0.0028148242,0.000017755816,0.000088941895,0.0017005377,0.0000050337094,5.050277e-7,0.00007995845,0.0023472845,0.9922663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019841157,0.00085730606,0.000029908293,0.026979426,0.000062499086,0.0010085418,0.0004864033,0.0000054144457,3.844599e-8,0.00006582379,0.9700538,0.00025241004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036130394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001530891,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99201393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008998649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06293312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044549894","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0113-017r1","title":"Problem-Based Learning: Facilitating Multiple Small Teams in a Large Group Setting","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Charles Sturt University; Univerzita Karlova v Praze","keywords":"Group (periodic table); Problem-based learning; Medical education; Small group learning; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.036751595462090024,"score_gpt":0.35403735092676314,"score_spread":0.31728575546467314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044549894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900962,0.00031163727,0.002867002,0.0045555104,0.00039543412,0.00026637898,3.375548e-7,0.000026791762,0.0014807029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98543936,0.000034537876,0.013514136,0.00043785464,0.00036353554,0.0000356799,0.000005788426,0.000010828123,0.00015827146],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99728733,0.0010137871,0.000575773,0.00014056613,0.00061196444,0.00037056845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99816954,0.00071968243,0.0005320819,0.00006501317,0.00021105251,0.00030263513],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0049346047,0.00010192774,0.00018986705,0.00023561259,0.00029435742,0.000074825126,0.00025884507,0.00014758635,0.00078884745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010070491,0.0000918758,0.00008179315,0.00032878746,0.00008083038,0.0004027792,0.000031145406,0.00082009454,0.000024474686],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000092685186,0.0010180167,0.22193673,0.00021041156,0.000015155389,0.000038041406,0.06017791,0.00026743114,0.0021272316,0.00017388395,0.0005573751,0.7133851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057049035,0.0041884426,0.102297544,0.00416976,0.000038371953,0.00015226293,0.10961644,0.018830344,0.000060665476,0.002227569,0.75183976,0.00087391963],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001965625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028871626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7512824,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023245461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020504673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982681},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045078715","doi":"10.1097/00001888-200001000-00017","title":"Student Performances on Step 1 and Step 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination Following Implementation of a Problem-based Learning Curriculum","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"United States Medical Licensing Examination; Curriculum; Matriculation; Medical education; Medical school; Curriculum-based measurement; Mathematics education; Compromise; Medicine; Psychology; Curriculum mapping; Curriculum development; Pedagogy; Political science","score_opus":0.016960317793513088,"score_gpt":0.3620456040010364,"score_spread":0.3450852862075233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045078715","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99524856,0.00033530386,0.00015567974,0.0025151027,0.000083774845,0.0003814432,6.6973837e-7,0.000028068744,0.0012513795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982037,0.0010750091,0.00009273023,0.00036026674,0.000107849686,0.000010333588,0.000018980481,0.000007999524,0.00012312058],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972645,0.0007431127,0.00045923216,0.00016828635,0.0011344991,0.00023037363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989937,0.00046621982,0.00030099598,0.00007576623,0.00008040061,0.00008290228],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004115338,0.00010494841,0.00021092508,0.00016517428,0.00035192294,0.000006561445,0.00020822934,0.00012313105,0.00040991674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036347954,0.00006984364,0.00003129907,0.0006556413,0.00028652392,0.00012245703,0.000025031952,0.000516251,0.0000011364488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029547535,0.000027260992,0.498931,0.0001574707,0.000051949017,0.0000018971639,0.11535215,0.0011253372,0.0003096343,0.0011430997,0.00027210152,0.38259858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011439901,0.003092026,0.28457785,0.0099998545,0.0005509307,0.00000593782,0.52213824,0.049950752,0.0021518967,0.00031866782,0.1149773,0.00079661317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0064021773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028178774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4067861,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053046213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015941086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96782196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046429260","doi":"10.3109/02699206.2013.807880","title":"Concept map analysis in the assessment of speech-language pathology students’ learning in a problem-based learning curriculum: A longitudinal study","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Psychology; Curriculum; Strengths and weaknesses; Critical thinking; Mathematics education; Concept map; Reliability (semiconductor); Medical education; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Medicine","score_opus":0.04066484852146589,"score_gpt":0.44425993242447664,"score_spread":0.40359508390301074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046429260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99252814,0.0002005597,0.0025561769,0.00023130828,0.0003692521,0.0014207207,0.0000030055305,0.00006299701,0.0026278454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903448,0.000047172787,0.008767677,0.00011568279,0.0004114654,0.000085277985,0.000026107913,0.000020731934,0.0001810775],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9901373,0.006151624,0.0014996418,0.000584155,0.0009897486,0.0006375257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99454683,0.00380434,0.00067335926,0.0003624694,0.0004809491,0.0001320507],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.012061984,0.00024536194,0.00080339896,0.00038891428,0.00030793113,0.00016862073,0.00088358216,0.00025244118,0.00026741487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013812769,0.00020544532,0.00024102413,0.0018934571,0.00052891887,0.000033808145,0.00018051533,0.0020159746,0.000022238302],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012098489,0.0014616316,0.96378493,0.00002161446,0.00009554801,0.00015254808,0.020714004,0.009970935,0.0000032415687,0.0005710796,0.000029467397,0.0031828773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001739966,0.0012318745,0.94755894,0.00008816565,0.0004413194,4.4536498e-7,0.03750725,0.008345397,0.0000020514597,0.00062306854,0.0021372712,0.00032427773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0061650975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0050693555,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016793245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000104784056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042703832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048023850","doi":"10.1300/j085v16n01_39","title":"Five Small-Group Exercises for Experiential Learning of SFBT","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Family Psychotherapy","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Oakville Public Library","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Group (periodic table); Psychology; Psychotherapist; Mathematics education; Chemistry","score_opus":0.042016820022914535,"score_gpt":0.35495468604010744,"score_spread":0.3129378660171929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048023850","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9219174,0.0061014597,0.0570001,0.0017088148,0.0012104529,0.0004511498,0.0000043240398,0.000040214014,0.011566132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95469844,0.0065959916,0.032778386,0.0008085426,0.0023341607,0.000018265024,0.0000014392461,0.000039571958,0.0027251812],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985376,0.0002339547,0.00048281017,0.00012562044,0.00034785448,0.00027218438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986757,0.00025265486,0.00062804355,0.00008549962,0.00025659532,0.000101480044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015542668,0.00010951498,0.0002884726,0.00017781458,0.00029429217,0.00005306686,0.0003041018,0.00010855856,0.00022177257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000065835025,0.00009747054,0.00026101002,0.00020968683,0.00012404365,0.0002676231,0.0000032055716,0.00024275774,0.0000044270346],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0030023614,0.00059674866,0.0044264207,0.00005805976,0.00022949933,0.000005104547,0.18068035,0.0014341293,0.06828005,0.009628879,0.008726734,0.7229317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003154217,0.001049474,0.0012273286,0.00013952449,0.000038429782,0.0000037130305,0.018350588,0.00011233236,0.0016127344,0.0020410216,0.9720374,0.00023323951],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013044021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008732455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96331066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047050435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018441862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39747334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048998392","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03131.x","title":"Predicting doctor performance outcomes of curriculum interventions: problem‐based learning and continuing competence","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario; Laurentian University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Competence (human resources); Medical education; Curriculum; Medicine; Specialty; Lifelong learning; Certification; Graduation (instrument); Problem-based learning; Continuing medical education; Family medicine; Psychology; Nursing; Continuing education; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.017019306493561464,"score_gpt":0.341949349478445,"score_spread":0.32493004298488354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048998392","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99321854,0.0004969667,0.0005442466,0.0014295735,0.00024213208,0.00020398034,3.4951574e-7,0.00007237145,0.0037918524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99622035,0.00026117297,0.0026412723,0.00013045702,0.00009114084,0.000036975973,0.000007124204,0.0000058225924,0.0006056779],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861985,0.0002506983,0.00031159437,0.00015583512,0.000469012,0.00019302678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993056,0.00018898962,0.00019822991,0.000056273293,0.00014514397,0.000105748106],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012995813,0.00007364218,0.00015716923,0.00009504429,0.00043910177,0.000019081219,0.00012729666,0.000077244506,0.00037718008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030752954,0.00006645459,0.00005447059,0.00024126127,0.00031155246,0.00020874632,0.000027721591,0.00026809992,0.000005483488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023254754,0.00010993906,0.936609,0.00011898013,0.0000047265876,3.8523808e-7,0.0071003526,0.000009432242,0.000011056972,0.0004259004,0.000076973025,0.05553092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017046051,0.00052246684,0.8893579,0.007519014,0.000090258276,0.00002058461,0.018926937,0.01574709,0.00021321478,0.00020501987,0.065065056,0.00062783307],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011222549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010112276,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.064988084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003947919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007039073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41298574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049625237","doi":"10.1021/ed101041n","title":"The Development and Implementation of a Problem-Based Learning Format in a Fourth-Year Undergraduate Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory Course","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chemical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Chemistry; Mathematics education; Engineering; Psychology","score_opus":0.011019101176042238,"score_gpt":0.29899666160365607,"score_spread":0.28797756042761385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2049625237","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976864,0.00042635557,0.000098164055,0.0012208009,0.00003388455,0.00008454054,1.5862496e-7,0.0000035399098,0.0004461912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99732625,0.00010149583,0.0024893754,0.000023306187,0.00003735974,0.0000049500804,7.696328e-7,0.0000043627465,0.00001213875],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922425,0.00008931818,0.00030891714,0.000058700673,0.00020194007,0.00011689037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926215,0.0001189382,0.00035373474,0.00003095748,0.00016479312,0.00006940348],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013422108,0.000051905805,0.00009251582,0.000035773206,0.00011223725,0.00002014389,0.000069936556,0.000042400556,0.000033268436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020943853,0.00003989612,0.000013064373,0.0001442575,0.00010917155,0.00012536213,0.000010484743,0.00019299604,2.932524e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040686002,0.00051080575,0.26705822,0.0007614468,0.00011466383,0.0000038430726,0.23229808,0.000008043557,0.17016116,0.00260192,0.00035078722,0.32572418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0045888857,0.00045216357,0.041938055,0.001917999,0.0002625612,0.000050723003,0.26789957,0.00015121825,0.6515239,0.010002094,0.020555874,0.0006569346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006377854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005284699,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48136276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000086551314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019648199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34855062},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051833135","doi":"10.1089/109662101300051942","title":"Integrating the \"New\" with the \"Traditional\": An Innovative Education Model","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Palliative Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacy; Curriculum; Palliative care; Medical education; Medicine; Nursing; Psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.0864339078877913,"score_gpt":0.38270897546249727,"score_spread":0.29627506757470595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051833135","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26627615,0.0013549225,0.17407887,0.44175425,0.0005989226,0.0005505517,0.0000019474367,0.000028490056,0.11535592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990206,0.00014875381,0.002659473,0.0030857967,0.0021586455,0.0000047545486,0.0000025605923,0.0000069932266,0.0017270406],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858505,0.0003618658,0.00024775317,0.00007430439,0.00059022673,0.00014081047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978937,0.00051153597,0.0005397517,0.00007780882,0.0008930107,0.00008418647],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002381082,0.000083298095,0.0001359959,0.000086061365,0.00056047743,0.000034110068,0.0003005417,0.000030228312,0.00015546608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008332135,0.00003317276,0.000023782035,0.0007860991,0.0004024866,0.0003137591,0.000006844897,0.0004905919,0.000001573102],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024238117,0.00016541888,0.0161437,0.00000743684,0.00013839705,0.0000103520515,0.56225574,0.0022816241,0.0007565199,0.31178623,0.034927607,0.0712846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002380979,0.0030382976,0.04241788,0.0013406387,0.000202886,0.00004835143,0.5586242,0.005006704,0.00011068808,0.1076996,0.27874425,0.00038553038],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005696311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010023298,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7239298,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012410809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017907039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4310796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052840573","doi":"10.5430/wje.v5n3p1","title":"E-Learning for Elementary Students: The Web 2.0 Tool Google Drive as Teaching and Learning Practice","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Excellence; Context (archaeology); Information and Communications Technology; Educational technology; Technology integration; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Knowledge management; Computer science; Political science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.022887926005294244,"score_gpt":0.3908717502880131,"score_spread":0.3679838242827188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052840573","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89350367,0.0022746094,0.0009544347,0.04045573,0.0016639268,0.0006257253,3.3856884e-7,0.000034646688,0.06048694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98118794,0.00017114067,0.0070970673,0.001153224,0.0011832595,0.000013581853,0.000002620528,0.000011382821,0.009179812],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997326,0.00166096,0.00027657909,0.00009797628,0.0004547025,0.00018376338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973967,0.0014633496,0.00059483753,0.000052334555,0.00038671572,0.000106025494],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0108330315,0.0000729528,0.00010749951,0.00014568325,0.0012994955,0.00028405632,0.00021223212,0.000027849665,0.00004154414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00888774,0.000057293466,0.000044745146,0.00018284752,0.00005372643,0.00083680626,0.00003404085,0.0009074073,0.0000064912288],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003210584,0.0003887569,0.08859162,0.000028026216,0.00017473902,0.000003265161,0.3008381,0.0011710334,0.00031041246,0.017148444,0.029192392,0.56183213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000337979,0.00023517525,0.00065534294,0.00007436081,0.00006707542,0.000013409681,0.19593827,0.000043944583,0.0000069823345,0.0010160203,0.80154157,0.0000698737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007183668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021718327,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7723492,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019975557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012110437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99948},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054205908","doi":"10.1007/s10459-006-9018-2","title":"Innovations in Problem-based Learning: What can we Learn from Recent Studies?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Theme (computing); Problem-based learning; Engineering ethics; Relation (database); Computer science; Management science; Data science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Political science; Engineering","score_opus":0.04622592743161939,"score_gpt":0.4213283859322727,"score_spread":0.37510245850065327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054205908","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34538636,0.2577995,0.0007576241,0.357435,0.0065061245,0.003428908,0.0000064077735,0.00035906248,0.028321048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88208956,0.09928393,0.014894731,0.002218767,0.0004451261,0.00034890318,0.00005720018,0.0000147429655,0.0006470487],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969688,0.0007720674,0.000636288,0.00049773033,0.0005097974,0.00061532157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985713,0.00058988895,0.00043375956,0.00012183176,0.0002038193,0.000079436744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00373523,0.00013540627,0.00022249547,0.00055293745,0.0011239866,0.0001813583,0.00031208622,0.000068125155,0.00006654321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069532724,0.00013599986,0.000019955882,0.004085115,0.0005007624,0.0017126027,0.00002391096,0.00037293773,0.000009947116],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011435885,0.00025916574,0.25259793,0.000111910784,0.0000014201769,5.3942784e-7,0.025695248,0.047734514,0.000011613144,0.026927276,0.0003003101,0.64634866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037094564,0.00018316144,0.009787699,0.0012661519,0.0000021873432,2.3575996e-7,0.083135314,0.0005118286,0.000035049572,0.104701035,0.79969484,0.0003115322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037643492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12550813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79939455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000907012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005215038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9687649},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055479448","doi":"10.3138/jvme.36.1.22","title":"A Case-Based Learning Approach for Teaching Undergraduate Veterinary Students about Dairy Herd Health Consultancy Issues","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Texas A and M University","keywords":"Teamwork; Curriculum; Medical education; Action plan; Audit; Focus group; Veterinary medicine; Medicine; Psychology; Business; Management; Marketing; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.08674559131349749,"score_gpt":0.46575941909778956,"score_spread":0.37901382778429205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055479448","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9398992,0.0038997894,0.021175489,0.031489223,0.0012613637,0.00067900773,0.0000020992793,0.00008771618,0.0015061104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9721574,0.00036666714,0.024080792,0.0018893665,0.0010898921,0.000018722521,0.000015889966,0.0000172434,0.00036399232],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960484,0.0015455293,0.00069897505,0.00022186492,0.0010046854,0.0004805377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99800754,0.0003334849,0.00072430365,0.00011704409,0.00023837306,0.0005792689],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0074107996,0.00016658091,0.00036061043,0.00022285833,0.0011146608,0.00013177347,0.0004012306,0.00015187285,0.000049425398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003261464,0.00015399163,0.00014670826,0.00021719754,0.00014251318,0.00038176967,0.00002553152,0.0008585221,0.0000021351764],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010396318,0.0030267749,0.0036967737,0.00048697964,0.000098508375,0.0007207357,0.04500688,0.00040233825,0.00029800594,0.002202954,0.009146201,0.9338742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044854362,0.02025851,0.0036153563,0.002312115,0.00010268022,0.007440822,0.025250774,0.0034532214,0.000010703165,0.001593985,0.93074703,0.0007293701],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070509873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014695487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93314487,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003728984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004597563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8573182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055605891","doi":"10.1097/01.yco.0000139980.75683.03","title":"Recent trends in forensic psychiatry training","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Subspecialty; Forensic psychiatry; Specialty; Psychiatry; Forensic science; Certification; Medicine; Psychology; Medical education; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.08903679836623257,"score_gpt":0.39975937468013995,"score_spread":0.3107225763139074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055605891","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27914032,0.117626265,0.0011166405,0.13543972,0.35140342,0.0017725127,0.00004107001,0.0009032126,0.11255683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96205837,0.016398212,0.012356254,0.000714006,0.007820623,0.00020497391,0.00018669895,0.00009900231,0.00016187815],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976807,0.0002584443,0.00052057166,0.0004536665,0.00039437186,0.0006922159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994038,0.000036016365,0.00015560378,0.00021918294,0.00003409018,0.0001513528],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011432645,0.0002027133,0.00024682717,0.0007247791,0.00027236165,0.00006384068,0.00032261186,0.00016843343,0.00027866577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000713697,0.0002191473,0.000108638786,0.001960928,0.00012466691,0.00027855384,0.000034177272,0.00066955993,0.0000427565],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045883546,0.0003795529,0.18354139,0.00007701159,0.0000064886567,3.695909e-7,0.019692501,0.00048516455,8.377312e-7,0.14103846,0.0057394453,0.6489929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053431005,0.0001848232,0.14050402,0.0025129113,0.00001010183,0.0000040908894,0.01650448,0.0000550399,0.0000012145154,0.13476188,0.6992453,0.00087304553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00052425964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006162465,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6935058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031157685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011959212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89365673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056344025","doi":"10.3138/jvme.34.4.396","title":"Integrated Case-Based Applied Pathology (ICAP): A Diagnostic-Approach Model for the Learning and Teaching of Veterinary Pathology","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Veterinary pathology; Context (archaeology); Curriculum; Medicine; TUTOR; Pathology; Clinical pathology; Veterinary education; Medical education; Veterinary medicine; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Biology","score_opus":0.0813194537197395,"score_gpt":0.40483849747847644,"score_spread":0.32351904375873697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056344025","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.801569,0.00058189785,0.19510302,0.0012169776,0.00034228803,0.00026991233,0.0000013427733,0.000014049833,0.00090154476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97919786,0.00012792934,0.019925706,0.00033510182,0.00032879045,0.000027739929,0.000005372307,0.000013470193,0.000038030208],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980187,0.00065841625,0.00054474315,0.00015776546,0.00034166046,0.00027875561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957144,0.0033219785,0.000496061,0.0000871588,0.00018658639,0.00019375987],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008684095,0.00011552689,0.00026101744,0.00018422648,0.00050932757,0.000023686755,0.00021491642,0.00021435715,0.000026625865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0074330033,0.000083640116,0.00008204923,0.000115429495,0.00039929873,0.000106867505,0.000039343722,0.0008096721,3.217067e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001571906,0.0009031212,0.0031219332,0.00027709213,0.000066297216,0.0009685601,0.04857796,0.0012876642,0.0073694456,0.006969942,0.00036290774,0.9285232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012631062,0.028891861,0.01577299,0.0021590444,0.0011034461,0.074458115,0.2683545,0.3560468,0.00038750627,0.006106581,0.23213546,0.0019526405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001084555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013929519,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92657053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000076610115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014417866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8898536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056663272","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v2n1p38","title":"Analysis of the psychological impact of Problem Based Learning (PBL) towards self directed learning among students in undergraduate medical education","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Psychological Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Autodidacticism; Psychology; Curriculum; Medical education; Problem-based learning; Scale (ratio); Self-control; Mathematics education; Developmental psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.03478708443814649,"score_gpt":0.4707091047490064,"score_spread":0.4359220203108599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056663272","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99444497,0.00020996219,0.000070424336,0.0022800588,0.0007215543,0.00014186287,0.0000015323249,0.000034446988,0.0020952031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981051,0.00049023516,0.0010537929,0.00010582302,0.00015983426,0.000008634002,0.0000023584544,0.000006433808,0.00006775491],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956272,0.001212832,0.0009007929,0.00022961777,0.0017869937,0.00024252766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969045,0.0005973737,0.0011738511,0.00010513277,0.0011000044,0.00011915546],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003974476,0.00015464984,0.00051959226,0.00050459447,0.00017963478,0.000047374142,0.0011437208,0.00020763621,0.00039839715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0065035354,0.00009120677,0.0005257886,0.0013075387,0.00054286246,0.00015344084,0.00012875634,0.0013327759,0.000001153436],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014026971,0.001114203,0.97673625,0.000005405254,0.0011265218,0.000009883846,0.0033151365,0.0018140639,0.00017876893,0.00028521355,0.00012183928,0.015152421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072055403,0.0003815211,0.995763,0.00015818253,0.00016065364,0.000005001621,0.0009104822,0.0003999567,0.000014037971,0.0009160585,0.00046818858,0.000102358994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006313219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008434171,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01902673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017121213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030699317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77858096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058405674","doi":"10.5688/ajpe788148","title":"Pharmacy Students’ Ability to Think About Thinking","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Summative assessment; Metacognition; Test (biology); Psychology; Pharmacy; Quality (philosophy); Medical education; Final examination; Mathematics education; Medicine; Cognition; Formative assessment; Nursing","score_opus":0.031287085893245664,"score_gpt":0.45651906691152483,"score_spread":0.4252319810182792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058405674","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641534,0.00024355507,0.004765974,0.018890534,0.00150058,0.0002528262,6.547908e-7,0.000043656837,0.010148831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986174,0.00013246934,0.004977078,0.007307186,0.0012743731,0.0000053021968,6.9434134e-7,0.0000120533905,0.000116842806],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970854,0.0011345637,0.0004224282,0.0001690687,0.00084788207,0.00034068062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980909,0.00047475332,0.000367444,0.00012037562,0.000396735,0.0005497646],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0051393667,0.000111237394,0.00023364346,0.00016509129,0.00040637556,0.00016334621,0.000624094,0.00002372413,0.0003942257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014214327,0.000101311605,0.00010336115,0.0005840099,0.0002854405,0.00034455495,0.000048256134,0.00047673873,0.000060852344],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012523407,0.0003947233,0.052082453,0.000015304788,0.000030313884,9.832643e-7,0.04041932,0.00007781082,0.0009657558,0.0051692678,0.0016446919,0.89907414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007424644,0.0004446996,0.024229646,0.00014400945,0.00013525532,0.00001642068,0.017860446,0.00011879782,0.00078172376,0.0038458756,0.95134425,0.00033639226],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009683339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019744037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9496996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022926768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009972563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4316495},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058605564","doi":"10.1115/imece2010-39270","title":"Using Team-Based Learning to Improve Learning and the Student Experience in a Mechanical Design Course","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Workload; Course (navigation); Team-based learning; Perception; Sizing; Computer science; Student engagement; Active learning (machine learning); Mathematics education; Psychology; Medical education; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Medicine","score_opus":0.04434175170881857,"score_gpt":0.39140516708148515,"score_spread":0.3470634153726666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058605564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9465058,0.00005579251,0.044917807,0.0015277292,0.00025840505,0.0009875974,1.3715676e-7,0.00014289164,0.005603839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841875,0.000007956968,0.014769581,0.00033646254,0.00009462484,0.000069412315,1.9531498e-7,0.000013562371,0.0005207094],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975064,0.0010867424,0.00022010187,0.00033175267,0.00039766784,0.00045736687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987195,0.0008669988,0.00008507263,0.000111096924,0.00006175229,0.00015559036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005267147,0.00012851151,0.00018844412,0.000081363025,0.0010043214,0.00023046993,0.0002675704,0.00011370781,0.00019260505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015418741,0.0000934206,0.000040161987,0.00039192731,0.0002833896,0.00015771524,0.00010089577,0.0009024709,0.000010832394],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009931249,0.00036133925,0.14283097,0.000031398402,0.000047708956,0.00004038727,0.49170777,0.040140904,0.16161092,0.07269556,0.0000616314,0.08947829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012881335,0.0012428937,0.0057229935,0.0002935655,0.00013325085,0.000013737981,0.42486894,0.4490032,0.014883895,0.0029046095,0.085749045,0.0023025328],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036690678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017391007,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4088623,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049933034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031727913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77245295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059918243","doi":"10.1007/s10459-005-1293-9","title":"PBL in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Qualitative Study of the Views of Canadian Residents","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Medical school; Process (computing); Health care; Qualitative research; Medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Sociology; Computer science; Political science","score_opus":0.055892264962091175,"score_gpt":0.5013402975365584,"score_spread":0.44544803257446725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2059918243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8819373,0.0101959305,0.000010075061,0.07924014,0.001299343,0.0013425448,0.0000013768519,0.000007571173,0.025965676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99595296,0.0020360283,0.0007245298,0.0009292004,0.00007676094,0.00006753933,8.2614304e-7,0.000002482871,0.0002096564],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99643785,0.0017587576,0.00059325295,0.00021708991,0.0006986456,0.00029440338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888337,0.00032433413,0.0004014682,0.00013580227,0.00010195275,0.00015307873],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0067405053,0.00006360795,0.00015872811,0.00063901726,0.00039132655,0.000014090121,0.0005127496,0.00003915413,0.000051769595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015139077,0.000050766525,0.000018051507,0.0035450074,0.000438268,0.00054486014,0.000020449963,0.0001636581,0.0000021647572],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005373312,0.0006105658,0.19941668,0.00008318273,0.0000010991259,5.166872e-8,0.6155078,0.0006516922,5.969452e-7,0.037297107,0.00038306048,0.14604284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030377554,0.00023741565,0.07629033,0.0009602977,0.000002342601,5.840545e-7,0.8244712,0.00008520291,0.0000093881345,0.020100424,0.07740181,0.0001372369],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7562483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9804575,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2242092,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042278648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02554992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9799743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060761164","doi":"10.1039/c001045f","title":"A Tiny Adventure: the introduction of problem based learning in an undergraduate chemistry course","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Adventure; Problem-based learning; Class (philosophy); Group work; Psychology; Medical education; Chemistry; Computer science; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.03231615309985868,"score_gpt":0.42538907061429704,"score_spread":0.39307291751443835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060761164","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74317014,0.0005459015,0.00003392127,0.16154347,0.00017005966,0.0005228289,0.0000019937686,0.000057520127,0.09395416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934807,0.00015398563,0.00097573525,0.00006366449,0.00076577364,0.000073565054,0.000039685092,0.000009697053,0.0044372124],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980782,0.00070507516,0.00017840967,0.00026819156,0.00046875826,0.00030133832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976095,0.0011902342,0.00016662289,0.00023338696,0.00065465324,0.0001456191],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0071623186,0.00007736342,0.000082164384,0.00003321307,0.0006200799,0.00015157682,0.0002378093,0.00013252108,0.00043965498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0070946645,0.00006849392,0.000017773467,0.00059018825,0.00049591705,0.00043340866,0.000031380954,0.0014810882,0.000004486859],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00063123007,0.0022885732,0.016072407,0.00079188636,0.000034968107,0.000004005729,0.020017738,0.00017498845,0.83980054,0.004283263,0.010632371,0.105268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039206995,0.00007521699,0.0011471304,0.0000567129,0.000020368218,0.000016825108,0.051208764,0.00020446861,0.0382797,0.0029143877,0.90548813,0.00019621456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010100462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017487233,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8948558,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053214193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027365822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8493489},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061143685","doi":"10.7439/ijbar.v5i10.920","title":"Effect of case based learning in understanding clinical biochemistry","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Clinical biochemistry; Medicine; Psychology; Computational biology; Medical education; Biochemistry; Chemistry; Internal medicine; Biology","score_opus":0.08233899660001573,"score_gpt":0.5149469924217753,"score_spread":0.43260799582175957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061143685","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9689323,0.00048684137,0.022504425,0.0053472808,0.0004047905,0.00009012991,0.0000018577698,0.000008305466,0.0022240926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986275,0.00026160065,0.0006454,0.000024085024,0.00038730356,9.3660805e-7,9.5187875e-7,0.0000036119488,0.000048641527],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969421,0.0013863681,0.0003962921,0.00010803982,0.00096738234,0.00019980392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99528104,0.004110514,0.00016660901,0.000036593956,0.00023482407,0.00017043488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01711842,0.000048033366,0.00017074158,0.00030671348,0.000119813434,0.00003184078,0.00022419817,0.000088991204,0.00005524172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0078245355,0.000037318932,0.000060390917,0.00027150533,0.0007032364,0.00011233546,0.000049441154,0.00073361397,0.0000010952782],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001089468,0.00023132218,0.0959454,0.0001612296,0.00006693494,0.0017163412,0.001141811,0.00012161769,0.0035156608,0.003995698,0.00024119693,0.89177334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.038695686,0.022101965,0.006626237,0.010765808,0.00010842047,0.0025973367,0.021298092,0.035531018,0.023435766,0.051170934,0.78629565,0.0013731108],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012124568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024391917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89040023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013128859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025365246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9367265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061546929","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2013.08.003","title":"Problem-based learning in osteopathic education","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of osteopathic medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Globe; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Process (computing); Asset (computer security); Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.014631281267186777,"score_gpt":0.3319381258729119,"score_spread":0.3173068446057251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061546929","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7309441,0.003427212,0.0029600267,0.139308,0.0065966644,0.0009605087,0.0000011128714,0.00010287849,0.11569949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99440986,0.00015877678,0.0013299808,0.001503395,0.0014749415,0.000019318162,0.0000053897493,0.000013398949,0.0010849503],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969763,0.00068503246,0.0007557642,0.00014662219,0.0011849637,0.00025128358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972558,0.000416882,0.0006838949,0.000079185585,0.0013921255,0.00017210438],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004497893,0.0001228951,0.00025281086,0.0007222702,0.00013018124,0.000074475414,0.0005537703,0.0001181897,0.0013362966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030085612,0.00010178529,0.000070845585,0.00037268945,0.00018820046,0.0005258187,0.000026968939,0.000802509,0.00006878238],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016502057,0.0003470511,0.19677062,0.00008084834,0.000049712806,0.00013668062,0.040392105,0.0015770692,0.0048707947,0.0091077145,0.0034435077,0.74305886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013591216,0.0041499245,0.109965205,0.015415714,0.0001534407,0.0004561901,0.06181576,0.002485782,0.000901867,0.05026476,0.7395367,0.001263421],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029451714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026549035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7417954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029565068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019711514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061569682","doi":"10.3109/0142159x.2014.970627","title":"Decision PBL: A 4-year retrospective case study of the use of virtual patients in problem-based learning","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"NOSM University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Retrospective cohort study; Medicine; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.03272227934489121,"score_gpt":0.31265187910833897,"score_spread":0.2799295997634478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061569682","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99789286,0.0000035356836,0.00037335756,0.0001113943,0.00008898719,0.00042547155,4.3077543e-7,0.000020582474,0.0010833604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99943393,0.0000015730861,0.00022720259,0.000035080997,0.00004072123,0.000013725901,6.5213504e-7,0.000010241088,0.00023689102],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99624836,0.0018637457,0.00034579885,0.00020492203,0.0011229444,0.00021423383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989787,0.0004552629,0.00019098984,0.00016933914,0.00011196101,0.00009375858],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00312027,0.0000858069,0.00022493003,0.00008730601,0.00019259537,0.000015518026,0.00023183935,0.00014072625,0.00036691932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009962059,0.00005890496,0.00005669377,0.0005004283,0.00022875899,0.00009302759,0.00008581692,0.0005915006,0.0000033494123],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003844103,0.00062613585,0.95443696,0.0000052124815,0.000007018223,0.00001070685,0.02146865,0.0003008351,0.0000018033708,0.00014811968,0.00009058842,0.02286554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01778107,0.006774555,0.8544779,0.0012994187,0.00012266343,0.000006630699,0.058946647,0.025628781,0.000053202493,0.0010294098,0.033062868,0.0008168414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016479021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009892199,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09995904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008404818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018998695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99837744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061621047","doi":"10.3126/kumj.v10i4.11002","title":"Problem Based Learning in Medical Education","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kathmandu University Medical Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Curriculum; Medical education; Medical school; Biomedical sciences; Problem-based learning; Institution; Nursing; Pedagogy; Social science","score_opus":0.008556022154622514,"score_gpt":0.2722739080396576,"score_spread":0.2637178858850351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061621047","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21494429,0.00033109402,0.06798863,0.11454659,0.0014869171,0.00039630572,6.280967e-7,0.00033089818,0.59997463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934515,0.00022085622,0.0015110547,0.0015939615,0.0007371806,4.5464427e-7,0.0000036954277,0.000008591954,0.00247272],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963926,0.0014951152,0.0001881945,0.00016285783,0.0013923566,0.00036887688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859935,0.0003226465,0.000116546325,0.00006140401,0.0001079224,0.00079213077],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0061501786,0.00008393062,0.0001506104,0.000276856,0.00081374776,0.000055690973,0.0004618428,0.00028242232,0.0038277593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0035640527,0.00008368296,0.00006951285,0.00043789065,0.00022831916,0.0002502993,0.00004699698,0.0014064785,0.0000400354],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000099821205,0.00038954004,0.091900826,0.0000331156,0.00001747228,0.0003344897,0.0076851584,0.0002016894,0.000006219228,0.059906527,0.006397169,0.83302796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001305919,0.00008497292,0.0038445771,0.00038249735,0.000012036267,0.00003439039,0.002729275,0.0053374525,0.0000019135523,0.0010156361,0.98509276,0.00015855039],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00096948893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013017041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97869563,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024657356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0060926164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99954194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061622592","doi":"10.5539/ies.v3n1p130","title":"The Use of Scaffolding Approach to Enhance Students' Engagement in Learning Structural Analysis","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Reflection (computer programming); Active listening; Process (computing); Scaffold; Teaching method; Computer science; Series (stratigraphy); Psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.08929567712091849,"score_gpt":0.47047854885880386,"score_spread":0.38118287173788534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061622592","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99399173,0.00016104383,0.0003385562,0.0013707966,0.0012962181,0.00016014148,9.183505e-7,0.0000152205985,0.0026653465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927698,0.00011831736,0.003949431,0.00008357847,0.00013645904,0.00007341165,0.000004342751,0.0000034690308,0.0028612157],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987825,0.00022686081,0.00023010267,0.00016158028,0.00046459696,0.00013431627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985317,0.00056995277,0.00014123567,0.000087955785,0.0006386796,0.000030456262],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014270205,0.00006255813,0.00010956397,0.00025794382,0.00051432627,0.00014243624,0.00032956668,0.00002357303,0.000027413656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0031967151,0.000049399554,0.00004970178,0.00063119107,0.00010204386,0.00020256852,0.000102433114,0.0002007762,0.0000039072015],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018338165,0.000090684705,0.84868175,0.0000065496565,0.0005442254,9.8084826e-8,0.08401184,0.0078051365,0.0003937651,0.019541457,0.0004500712,0.038456064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001753509,0.000036439236,0.38026968,0.000063463114,0.00014463346,3.638596e-7,0.14386106,0.0011346755,0.00054892,0.0012672202,0.47217909,0.00031911253],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014533313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025959313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.471729,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009870148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013373543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39558336},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061751553","doi":"10.1109/tpc.2009.2032384","title":"Complementing Business Case Studies with Humanitarian Case Studies: A Means of Preparing Global Engineers","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Engineering ethics; Engineering; Knowledge management; Complement (music); Citizenship; Engineering management; Political science; Computer science; Politics","score_opus":0.07501272098193568,"score_gpt":0.40625185934886837,"score_spread":0.3312391383669327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061751553","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91446185,0.0021823044,0.069962606,0.0042555323,0.0007038234,0.0017170502,0.000063302614,0.00040089636,0.0062526567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933749,0.0002465779,0.0060432185,0.00010125365,0.000024725576,0.00006148387,0.000005282043,0.000008848181,0.00013370047],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817973,0.0006556337,0.0003728911,0.00020384893,0.0003359966,0.0002519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981112,0.0005905132,0.0002339987,0.00038060357,0.00062571646,0.000057992987],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012418379,0.00015782838,0.00024950545,0.000115192815,0.0026010014,0.000026603477,0.00023182873,0.00006916618,0.000021188876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000085490836,0.00013713246,0.00005513886,0.0006938356,0.00025713732,0.0003649631,0.0000066248135,0.00031449576,0.000002420781],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012808982,0.0031528391,0.00087133545,0.00093644636,0.0024605813,0.0017843035,0.65242255,0.110249795,0.0006684225,0.06694384,0.00089466805,0.15833434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004445906,0.0011475451,0.000586328,0.0044149267,0.0009771588,0.003533818,0.966516,0.0037717212,0.0013157981,0.008766034,0.003058138,0.0014666351],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012250901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013462916,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31409347,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002896581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002225723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99869746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061813628","doi":"10.5539/gjhs.v7n4p249","title":"Integrated Method of Teaching in Web Quest Activity and Its Impact on Undergraduate Students' Cognition and Learning Behaviors: A Future Trend in Medical Education","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Journal of Health Science","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Jahrom University of Medical Sciences","keywords":"Teamwork; The Internet; Cognition; Psychology; Medical education; Autodidacticism; Problem-based learning; Team-based learning; Intervention (counseling); Mathematics education; Computer science; Medicine; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.03165570561577964,"score_gpt":0.4790462303980405,"score_spread":0.4473905247822609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061813628","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951499,0.00050448225,0.00007754226,0.0036214308,0.00015858086,0.00012243488,0.0000019827921,0.0000052743103,0.0003583645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99871737,0.000279873,0.00083853654,0.00010402495,0.00005356323,0.0000011158985,6.554824e-7,0.0000020085363,0.0000028787542],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966027,0.0015970106,0.00035029362,0.00015716378,0.0010179206,0.00027488815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989691,0.00010999415,0.0004454679,0.00003311452,0.0001227623,0.00031958995],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.018163221,0.00008174133,0.00023138933,0.00030911257,0.00027014795,0.00007937848,0.00020619313,0.00006756138,0.0000021570759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014674615,0.00006311367,0.00001972589,0.0008634442,0.00016573712,0.00061179063,0.00003803477,0.0007158687,1.5681536e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019258373,0.0004405361,0.5702742,0.000031395317,0.0000046895575,0.000011825023,0.012531358,0.0001441174,0.00039320064,0.0016658619,0.00004333563,0.41426694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002851055,0.0024419725,0.93459064,0.002647645,0.000022796508,0.00030822435,0.0510791,0.002160592,0.00006982514,0.0031077291,0.00043972587,0.00028068433],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047067995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009510499,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41398627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000623033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0063232477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99930996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062683158","doi":"10.3138/jvme.32.1.103","title":"ATLes: The Strategic Application of Web-Based Technology to Address Learning Objectives and Enhance Classroom Discussion in a Veterinary Pathology Course","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Medical education; Task (project management); Quality (philosophy); Computer science; Psychology; Medicine; Pathology","score_opus":0.030045927396686628,"score_gpt":0.40367481144197553,"score_spread":0.37362888404528893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062683158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9710172,0.0007427209,0.000977746,0.026548177,0.00016127151,0.0001943614,4.54513e-7,0.00001272468,0.0003453488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979193,0.00023767607,0.0013170239,0.00021852963,0.00022813694,0.000035415225,0.0000013674396,0.0000069467396,0.000035561534],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982311,0.00070232333,0.00039229318,0.00014463527,0.0003486269,0.00018101186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990615,0.00022300422,0.0003632359,0.00009800939,0.00013083458,0.00012336955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020936923,0.00008380658,0.00018525256,0.00025161947,0.00016794323,0.000016386768,0.00025523282,0.00016673908,0.000052549927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000655424,0.000054386186,0.000035193512,0.00043615288,0.00029930484,0.00015945492,0.00004037202,0.0005157624,0.0000024785202],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005946948,0.001002775,0.021128416,0.000115405026,0.000018684099,0.000039886298,0.01969898,0.00065024925,0.0431526,0.0017874269,0.00012679584,0.9116841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065516243,0.025938967,0.2078105,0.006106721,0.00020499859,0.0019677465,0.3261945,0.016247757,0.0022627853,0.008954542,0.3963091,0.0014507546],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000060697737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011404422,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9102333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000100616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016735186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.296875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062683804","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0314-035r1","title":"Making Clinical Case-Based Learning in Veterinary Medicine Visible: Analysis of Collaborative Concept-Mapping Processes and Reflections","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council","keywords":"Concept map; Context (archaeology); Metacognition; Perception; Task (project management); Psychology; Relevance (law); Value (mathematics); Collaborative learning; Experiential learning; Cognition; Mathematics education; Meaningful learning; Medical education; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.1762350001725727,"score_gpt":0.5164051497529575,"score_spread":0.3401701495803848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062683804","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863044,0.0012325948,0.005945093,0.004298757,0.00062025705,0.00012217183,7.850846e-7,0.000015841051,0.001460086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99593097,0.00033751328,0.002898619,0.00031236347,0.00048094985,0.000006400608,0.000003882639,0.0000071176587,0.00002220553],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99621516,0.0019893618,0.000915239,0.00016941148,0.00053311186,0.00017769249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959171,0.0023225325,0.0008700231,0.000077517674,0.00061244995,0.0002003948],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00643424,0.00010060869,0.00048309966,0.0008186198,0.00027175908,0.000025454523,0.00014957976,0.00015539235,0.00022532044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.020039735,0.0000878725,0.00006770636,0.0025725293,0.00048050846,0.0002612536,0.0000265513,0.0005465774,3.0010833e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011889478,0.0014999345,0.17193954,0.0009030221,0.00086237653,0.0008445233,0.16114295,0.0022557897,0.001426394,0.0013509946,0.00092812296,0.6556574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0072511123,0.02767898,0.139297,0.011934351,0.0021029045,0.0027326746,0.20852254,0.01659981,0.000045012534,0.0010361027,0.5816461,0.0011534346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034635694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023458965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.654504,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009503639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033238083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9882149},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064074918","doi":"10.1016/j.urpr.2014.10.005","title":"Evaluation of an Electronic Platform for Problem Based Learning for Subspecialty Fellows","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urology Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Subspecialty; Medicine; Respondent; Medical education; Specialty; Urology; Family medicine","score_opus":0.09835350362596769,"score_gpt":0.4043808959982745,"score_spread":0.3060273923723068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064074918","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40694943,0.002870982,0.2545265,0.0427082,0.0019177266,0.01774209,0.000028558534,0.00077809684,0.2724784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822181,0.000011819808,0.016242687,0.0005021541,0.00038453698,0.00035254104,0.000051792224,0.000021202668,0.00021518246],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99703455,0.001435153,0.00023860183,0.00026304915,0.0005513152,0.0004773494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99573874,0.0020171974,0.000423272,0.00012687562,0.0015915876,0.00010230796],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.028001215,0.00009508208,0.00016442465,0.00010199953,0.00044541605,0.000035348516,0.00018501496,0.00019660984,0.000056332723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01620923,0.00010050102,0.00005918321,0.00020579182,0.000102378515,0.0008331426,0.000012604606,0.00027306104,0.00000765849],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.011283366,0.0013672081,0.0023150796,0.00015053706,0.00044184006,0.0000032610908,0.0657611,0.15581636,0.0014698396,0.25117105,0.0041674254,0.5060529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027816468,0.0022927807,0.00003561811,0.000003373314,0.00047168956,0.000002286883,0.003151371,0.07466711,0.0002259938,0.023385013,0.89282626,0.00015684152],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005035554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016850333,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8886589,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022452393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0032939105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99207765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064238020","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v4n1p225","title":"Computer-Mediated Assessment of Higher-Order Thinking Development","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptation (eye); Mediation; Process (computing); Higher-order thinking; Computer science; Mathematics education; Order (exchange); Psychology; Teaching method","score_opus":0.03824340791581184,"score_gpt":0.39874508736391073,"score_spread":0.3605016794480989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064238020","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7318936,0.0023927118,0.019828053,0.044073805,0.054231208,0.00047841202,0.00000633181,0.00010216541,0.14699371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95454806,0.000021741196,0.0411351,0.0005156578,0.0015664181,0.0000031491602,0.000014757238,0.000007376406,0.002187733],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99814117,0.00018999494,0.00044011345,0.00008313085,0.0010303524,0.00011523402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997265,0.00012564888,0.0006192282,0.000052094452,0.0018262097,0.00011182952],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001252297,0.00007160043,0.00012555243,0.00022754286,0.00008213681,0.00008098825,0.0004176533,0.000057618676,0.00037118583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007106505,0.00006535514,0.000043527398,0.00018840484,0.00005205347,0.00035976182,0.00003688711,0.00017020802,0.0000113097985],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020933735,0.0026363842,0.35879788,0.00005515235,0.0010114961,0.00003322462,0.097698875,0.003072389,0.0010528447,0.22515306,0.07951049,0.23076887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064292667,0.00009357268,0.15562859,0.00018799696,0.000017867056,0.000006568564,0.0009785187,0.000040569328,0.0001205011,0.0044077835,0.8377419,0.00013318814],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025227523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020316957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75823146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047019267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00360713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63988936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065233705","doi":"10.1108/17415651111141830","title":"The role of project‐based learning in IT","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Project-based learning; Variety (cybernetics); Laptop; Problem-based learning; Computer science; Entrepreneurship; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Psychology; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.01781304496011774,"score_gpt":0.32304375141386704,"score_spread":0.3052307064537493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2065233705","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8523603,0.00055869017,0.00006510452,0.0030531888,0.00020326354,0.00030998606,2.9372669e-7,0.00007247478,0.1433767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99904996,0.000052590654,0.00035133414,0.00004121195,0.000014289918,0.000066571665,8.957654e-7,0.0000031539096,0.00041999493],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944574,0.00016163693,0.00011308746,0.000103430895,0.000051150328,0.00012495629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956644,0.00017291101,0.000101123434,0.00006712487,0.00008132172,0.00001106044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004953121,0.00004450172,0.000062671614,0.00029026787,0.0002687116,0.000010357233,0.00011092259,0.00009486691,0.000027268032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005493957,0.000036408666,0.000013267918,0.00040475707,0.0002598934,0.00011729798,0.000018359455,0.0002730248,0.000004352909],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000084505096,0.00014009039,0.4985728,0.0000057946686,0.000010410867,3.2500918e-7,0.04455336,4.921664e-7,0.000783074,0.09043648,0.00011195345,0.36530071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026739915,0.0002831504,0.05213604,0.0001756475,0.000014809874,0.0000024935302,0.2604221,0.00015369349,0.015467625,0.056422718,0.6144622,0.00019209331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002926539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019777492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61435026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038394002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043927634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44240707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065980802","doi":"10.2202/1548-923x.1038","title":"Creating Cohesion Between the Discipline and Practice of Nursing Using Problem Based Learning","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Cohesion (chemistry); Curriculum; Nursing; Problem-based learning; Nurse education; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Medical education","score_opus":0.11219415240466868,"score_gpt":0.4820380868026139,"score_spread":0.3698439343979452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2065980802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9323337,0.0010457243,0.020097693,0.034369607,0.0011942408,0.0002328269,0.0000027482658,0.000025295969,0.01069815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9610056,0.000036193473,0.038043875,0.00012594173,0.0007471824,9.978173e-7,0.0000051555235,0.000011194922,0.00002381597],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975438,0.0008062882,0.00050379935,0.00012747059,0.0008511553,0.00016744983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963195,0.0010919555,0.0011192696,0.00007151896,0.001296551,0.000101227335],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004732698,0.00009562278,0.00015153391,0.00028565884,0.00068638474,0.00030511888,0.0003474113,0.00008033657,0.000016350037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0044840234,0.000079872625,0.00007116855,0.0002983848,0.00027421158,0.001245713,0.000014799203,0.0005947459,0.0000011644179],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00052197423,0.0014188449,0.092047915,0.000036281657,0.00018310628,0.000007580842,0.13623141,0.018443951,0.012159196,0.013437739,0.00008334183,0.72542864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009122801,0.001795488,0.31041154,0.065485284,0.0022525296,0.0018027342,0.3466754,0.0010343575,0.018331006,0.20807949,0.033078622,0.0019307772],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013491533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024609583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72349787,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00069818884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014657208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5368119},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066013158","doi":"10.1002/bmb.2002.494030010022","title":"The TRIPSE: A process‐oriented evaluation for problem‐based learning courses in basic sciences","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Computer science; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Management science; Psychology; Engineering; Programming language","score_opus":0.025527739542111457,"score_gpt":0.38117872250810775,"score_spread":0.3556509829659963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066013158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9757892,0.0063516884,0.0011164089,0.007931928,0.00017900468,0.00096908235,0.000001908243,0.000038591435,0.0076222257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982981,0.00009274244,0.0006805081,0.00016537678,0.000071569644,0.0003980022,0.00002985435,0.00000398958,0.00025986257],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902225,0.0002649267,0.00012965029,0.00024395145,0.00011936004,0.00021989302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994783,0.00015781775,0.000105008694,0.000061217936,0.00015883545,0.000038840462],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018325013,0.000072871095,0.00006444546,0.00004716015,0.0008851343,0.00005112308,0.00010869587,0.000108565015,0.000021114964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012374303,0.000060057326,0.000023295153,0.00029429625,0.0003553505,0.00004676107,0.000007036756,0.00009975478,8.81795e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016571503,0.00073842006,0.06909095,0.0003511556,0.000049185095,7.241093e-7,0.015015828,0.0006512143,0.20093219,0.036282524,0.0016470809,0.675075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052261525,0.0012634159,0.0015632721,0.0006924429,0.00025185235,0.000010486725,0.050577868,0.03217969,0.333985,0.04464905,0.527947,0.0016537547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000090670605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002557317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67342126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052259733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00076711556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6807827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066769497","doi":"10.1007/s00210-002-0561-y","title":"Problem-based learning and teaching of medical pharmacology","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Problem-based learning; Medicine; Psychology; Pharmacology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.02053927984662838,"score_gpt":0.3537869649911893,"score_spread":0.3332476851445609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066769497","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53498447,0.006134618,0.004568038,0.03523055,0.0014742465,0.0016862139,0.000016414442,0.00043073218,0.4154747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99122953,0.0014650276,0.0051393984,0.0007909775,0.0003606761,0.000047037,0.0000050225117,0.000027250515,0.00093507604],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99540794,0.002293085,0.00060081395,0.00040973994,0.0006269779,0.00066144415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968383,0.0023200088,0.0004224627,0.00007906361,0.000060477523,0.0002796985],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019895046,0.00021672201,0.0005131467,0.0004168482,0.00058616285,0.00001675629,0.00056330994,0.00025277917,0.0043485477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003862356,0.00022321325,0.0001368504,0.00020127137,0.0013570035,0.00013789407,0.00018075052,0.0011725937,0.0000104495375],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00074740924,0.0014755959,0.02883038,0.00096540287,0.00055965007,0.00010843802,0.052898653,0.0012821779,0.38833362,0.05360306,0.012290484,0.45890513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008995525,0.0015095937,0.00051188376,0.000319816,0.00042344007,0.000023939243,0.0019169991,0.041474197,0.05807866,0.0024406915,0.8834003,0.00090490334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00083584356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007621594,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87110984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002789171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031799803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067067618","doi":"10.3109/02699206.2013.812146","title":"Performance of speech-language pathology students in problem-based learning tutorials and in clinical practice","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Compass; Psychology; Medical education; Speech-Language Pathology; Occupational therapy; Test (biology); Medical physics; Medicine; Physical therapy","score_opus":0.03605142420454416,"score_gpt":0.4338187076447752,"score_spread":0.39776728344023105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067067618","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99016356,0.00032998977,0.000065146254,0.00020272168,0.0013880985,0.0006293028,0.00000230228,0.00003950395,0.007179384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9668089,0.0011972819,0.030124107,0.00033726674,0.0012817373,0.000020118114,0.0000066151842,0.000022413838,0.00020151974],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9934989,0.0030825858,0.0019414853,0.00045862014,0.0005194609,0.00049892254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9892238,0.009129912,0.0006939409,0.00024460632,0.00051490724,0.00019284671],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.017083008,0.00017283503,0.0006270539,0.00014904469,0.000130871,0.00007380842,0.00039485752,0.00046765976,0.00007287344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.118484646,0.00017711594,0.00008264317,0.0004140077,0.00070714275,0.000066025386,0.00016236106,0.0013333971,0.00004458815],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019860991,0.00054054894,0.9569602,0.00007188222,0.000013500671,0.000069491405,0.003916814,0.00028500237,0.000030499303,0.00048609637,0.000064815846,0.037362564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006508462,0.0027889325,0.8656851,0.000796552,0.00016427557,0.0000040005975,0.004947329,0.005373755,0.00011287378,0.0025647795,0.11015213,0.0009017871],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001075571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003728049,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11008731,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047873582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046640582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88894075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069284698","doi":"10.5688/ajpe766117","title":"A Model for Small-Group Problem-Based Learning in a Large Class Facilitated by One Instructor","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Class (philosophy); Pharmacy; Scheduling (production processes); Computer science; Mathematics education; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Nursing; Operations management; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.05942880047907723,"score_gpt":0.39405594744698746,"score_spread":0.33462714696791024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069284698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9319781,0.00070123974,0.059994537,0.005431773,0.00030018418,0.00054907426,0.000012481939,0.000039390645,0.000993213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753098,0.000059947604,0.023160975,0.0010035307,0.00021434764,0.00004412309,0.000013675965,0.000016152915,0.00017746193],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979672,0.00058352435,0.00044409226,0.00013094883,0.0002986311,0.0005756428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998592,0.00034215042,0.00041275576,0.000054520555,0.00022475714,0.00037380238],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028950772,0.00011636926,0.0002545837,0.00020841694,0.00022602433,0.000042559313,0.00018432843,0.00005807493,0.0000698652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006797945,0.000116870746,0.0000950266,0.0005370992,0.00022100714,0.00038025703,0.000012313319,0.00055071834,0.0000044487088],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011317449,0.0037628172,0.11176772,0.00018333248,0.00010456815,7.2913355e-7,0.0739526,0.0031282273,0.016449135,0.00903097,0.0014702977,0.77901787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009033084,0.002288047,0.005796563,0.00064570596,0.00039465632,0.000015011962,0.07164129,0.1905969,0.0020575686,0.002364356,0.71370906,0.0014577863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002640681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006292556,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77756006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003155393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013324941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47658506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069355849","doi":"10.4018/978-1-59904-939-7.ch070","title":"Development of KABISA","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Pfizer (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Computer science; Value (mathematics); Computation; Mathematics education; Development (topology); Software engineering; Programming language; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03812594932783814,"score_gpt":0.29030659419450683,"score_spread":0.2521806448666687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069355849","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00022250549,0.00042608674,0.000050797276,0.0000357962,0.00023636484,0.00023241097,0.00001656727,0.00009368298,0.9986858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15551768,0.00009050628,0.016130935,0.0004622317,0.0007531027,0.000023751822,0.000009777884,0.00007076738,0.82694125],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984575,0.000036394955,0.00036738417,0.00026144268,0.0005686344,0.00030864595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927235,0.000034878725,0.00027253255,0.00017976372,0.00011377844,0.00012672017],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032559832,0.00021103499,0.00031470956,0.000054470882,0.00039903115,0.000021724332,0.00032140268,0.0003771241,0.00018768516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035006513,0.00022026098,0.00013425623,0.000020424131,0.00026093132,0.000029168614,0.00007862507,0.00021478873,0.00019259485],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000113484775,0.000004536647,0.000024296067,0.000023252042,0.00004602809,0.000015645928,0.006492507,5.818385e-7,0.000006771802,0.9390403,0.0023509967,0.051983748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011735728,0.000017867309,0.00001984367,0.00015716814,0.000017180695,0.0000028126428,0.000112301335,2.1479816e-7,0.000043849708,0.030905629,0.9683496,0.0002561885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042351818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012283898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9659986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029085946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020556983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8981982},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069561900","doi":"10.3138/jvme.36.2.180","title":"Practical Classes: A Platform for Deep Learning? Overall Context in the First-Year Veterinary Curriculum","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Context (archaeology); Deep learning; Psychology; Medical education; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Medicine; Computer science; Pedagogy; Biology","score_opus":0.07516925396747534,"score_gpt":0.4258306692726567,"score_spread":0.35066141530518136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069561900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9199481,0.0007522412,0.0017068312,0.07106819,0.0012426637,0.000501964,4.5346997e-7,0.000023147333,0.004756409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933052,0.00035790875,0.002165291,0.0030321064,0.0010481599,0.000019655776,0.000003240847,0.000007082326,0.000061363506],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99794674,0.00043300283,0.00046284922,0.00012742633,0.00073353504,0.00029644388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984124,0.00076152314,0.00036480764,0.00008817772,0.00018381469,0.00018933244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038174894,0.00010507142,0.00019923542,0.00013566008,0.00034889678,0.000093174516,0.0003468848,0.00017183993,0.00024549733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0058244825,0.00007603127,0.00012302738,0.00021916672,0.000105596904,0.00060568657,0.000017535498,0.0007759502,0.000007695697],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002532637,0.005221428,0.013318547,0.00022106957,0.00007438839,0.00051127636,0.10442412,0.00004429172,0.00011596341,0.061652116,0.05027992,0.76160425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011386946,0.0064219586,0.008477672,0.00035603237,0.000026414567,0.0007342874,0.03210606,0.00055523636,0.0000011428616,0.0033176453,0.946703,0.00016185321],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013141523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052978172,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8964231,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018386455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017013355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.697287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070039891","doi":"10.5539/ies.v1n4p132","title":"Implementation of Continuous-Grouped-Self-Learning (CGSL) System in Engineering Education","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Engineering education; Teaching method; Computer science; Cognitive style; Style (visual arts); Psychology; Higher education; Knowledge management; Engineering management; Engineering; Cognition","score_opus":0.029880451130407663,"score_gpt":0.3878243216372189,"score_spread":0.35794387050681126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070039891","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808737,0.0016259111,0.0002084237,0.0007191577,0.0029904726,0.0002652598,0.0000016679852,0.00011763208,0.013197779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962522,0.0006140493,0.0016929136,0.000046781657,0.00032642527,0.00012832931,0.000015139087,0.000008918526,0.00091526844],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998912,0.000119641576,0.0003471577,0.00015775644,0.00031810466,0.00014535383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986043,0.00016330679,0.00022233829,0.000059210703,0.0009170636,0.00003376394],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005633989,0.00008528771,0.00014750866,0.0003266771,0.00021346347,0.000020219853,0.0001415278,0.000039399765,0.000047688274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004596137,0.00009495666,0.000040326704,0.00029441863,0.00004922905,0.00030109537,0.000028403756,0.000116303265,0.000014580229],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013755822,0.0002612183,0.7696004,0.00020542232,0.00014966373,0.0000012425746,0.12971255,0.000320524,0.00033917854,0.064427115,0.0013898852,0.033579033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007343265,0.000077650366,0.18411297,0.00065078755,0.00003794878,0.000015663185,0.6157642,0.00024523487,0.00072166295,0.0003611666,0.19688588,0.0003925353],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047858995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00042440015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5854874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005095403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009872159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72348803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070274537","doi":"10.1007/s40299-013-0066-0","title":"The Relationships Between Problem Design and Learning Process in Problem-Based Learning Environments: Two Cases","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Department of Environment and Conservation","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Process (computing); Perception; Psychology; Curriculum; Autodidacticism; Computer science; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.08893700146705091,"score_gpt":0.37365345001176825,"score_spread":0.28471644854471734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070274537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79273987,0.0027963107,0.004659465,0.09441808,0.00014240113,0.009725105,0.0000019096917,0.00032374973,0.09519313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97879124,0.00017080847,0.0014966459,0.000026214371,0.00014247619,0.0010914288,0.000013194682,0.000031003812,0.01823697],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99035716,0.0076091243,0.0003390863,0.00035565803,0.00067265687,0.0006663314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945861,0.0046488107,0.00019905508,0.00024202121,0.00014099923,0.00018297878],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.012124231,0.00016502022,0.00014529593,0.0001850275,0.0040343083,0.0005721834,0.0004423214,0.000119743214,0.00021851597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028921848,0.00011292671,0.000034497563,0.00083290174,0.000657998,0.0004925894,0.000057773672,0.0018836594,0.000164564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000095640564,0.00034310305,0.582866,0.0001365531,0.00007086868,0.000002911231,0.15367362,0.020924203,0.0005062258,0.0070249145,0.003298904,0.23105703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012435373,0.00046023645,0.11963583,0.00045840177,0.000056422552,0.0000060452376,0.45677185,0.0041397396,0.00033006046,0.03707066,0.37894487,0.0008823238],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033843755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023230875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4632302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022870369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012190288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972623},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070325925","doi":"10.1109/fie.2010.5673617","title":"Work in progress &amp;#x2014; An innovation merging &amp;#x201C;classroom flip&amp;#x201D; and team-based learning","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Sorel-Tracy; Alstom (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.03397459525374062,"score_gpt":0.3416754893220505,"score_spread":0.30770089406830986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070325925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97485673,0.000115494884,0.008842505,0.0018892203,0.0005653591,0.00058074755,0.0000016888064,0.00050239713,0.012645842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89286244,0.000022915905,0.100786194,0.00031047573,0.00047469776,0.000084370215,0.00007762499,0.0000554236,0.0053258855],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964348,0.00072107505,0.00058317825,0.00069826754,0.00064598717,0.00091667095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983995,0.00038110124,0.0003029051,0.0003977852,0.00028443243,0.00023428568],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0047787097,0.00032263363,0.0003530683,0.00071797014,0.0011566808,0.00046034114,0.0004034921,0.00042941156,0.00083383976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001160532,0.0003161755,0.00005734261,0.0023513136,0.0004838505,0.0008592768,0.000071483446,0.0014572288,0.00016172347],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018506007,0.00025547695,0.8269624,0.00006059162,0.000024605211,0.0000011628134,0.02210618,0.00058428163,0.023430571,0.012812255,0.0008258793,0.11275154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079993316,0.000064083135,0.019650526,0.00012646678,0.000017457114,0.0000019770364,0.001229593,0.00011992559,0.00014592384,0.0010107025,0.97615063,0.0006828102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028575114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03555193,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97532475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099191646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046989266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999929},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070365401","doi":"10.3138/jvme.30.4.364","title":"Use of Interactive Online Histopathology Modules at Different Stages of a Veterinary Program","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Medical education; Think aloud protocol; Psychology; Appeal; Mathematics education; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.11913900649064786,"score_gpt":0.43487329774800626,"score_spread":0.3157342912573584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070365401","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971568,0.0005329555,0.00012589019,0.0008236336,0.00093763176,0.00015322413,0.000004050101,0.00000896354,0.00025685446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99443907,0.0005206581,0.004557666,0.000086755324,0.00015099708,0.000008124203,0.000006063653,0.000008471603,0.00022221265],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975854,0.001036668,0.0005710128,0.00011150242,0.00052420003,0.00017120292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99827707,0.00036775906,0.0007625852,0.00010759988,0.0002951859,0.00018979928],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008389541,0.000097978475,0.0003038832,0.00018787044,0.00008942444,0.000010489268,0.00018926685,0.00012088509,0.00046301156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030350385,0.00007986863,0.00011600637,0.0001459344,0.00031401083,0.0002717114,0.000044837194,0.000298036,8.4717504e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025906644,0.013078423,0.056619,0.000656167,0.00016285274,0.00033520788,0.055678662,0.000033384706,0.07214223,0.0021123483,0.0021371692,0.7944539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002415543,0.031187547,0.26138905,0.0030525147,0.0002311274,0.0028010292,0.019035446,0.00014423598,0.0029783992,0.0014865714,0.67463803,0.0006404753],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014937454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003195112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7938134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021728921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000845012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50696516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071362176","doi":"10.1119/1.1645280","title":"Teaching a single physics module through Problem Based Learning in a lecture-based curriculum","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physics","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Dublin City University; McMaster University","keywords":"Curriculum; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Physics; Physics education; Teaching method; Engineering physics; Pedagogy; Psychology","score_opus":0.014567125766606527,"score_gpt":0.2889313776744633,"score_spread":0.2743642519078568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071362176","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41999474,0.00014372141,0.5706211,0.0034274366,0.0001654679,0.00028700836,0.0000018485903,0.000106928856,0.005251753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94579816,0.000007891786,0.05285991,0.0006631104,0.00061576546,0.0000058359556,0.0000025068186,0.00003240874,0.000014440745],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99743867,0.0007398529,0.0004268138,0.00022168038,0.00063447544,0.00053848047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846464,0.00020553381,0.0008793573,0.00012850881,0.0001939077,0.00012802164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001148963,0.00020907106,0.0004466563,0.00009205059,0.00047747316,0.000107224856,0.00034510376,0.00005249765,0.000010754936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023409669,0.0001969125,0.00022769859,0.0010561184,0.00035658613,0.00056079536,0.0000223891,0.0012125139,0.0000068418803],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006621605,0.0009446243,0.009532222,0.000036623973,0.0000390487,0.00004111269,0.025600612,0.69311917,0.0027999077,0.008243427,0.00002778662,0.25954923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03454288,0.029401314,0.0031021659,0.010387706,0.000942358,0.00007792425,0.08498547,0.044666905,0.060647745,0.5432898,0.1795187,0.008437076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0071980064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023060193,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6484523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004537239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012341548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99941313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073615521","doi":"10.1007/s10459-005-6705-3","title":"Problem-Based Learning Online: Perceptions of Health Science Students","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Sheridan College; McMaster University","funders":"Division of Human Resource Development; McMaster University","keywords":"Medical education; Problem-based learning; Flexibility (engineering); Psychology; Workload; Perception; Adaptation (eye); Online learning; Asynchronous communication; Computer science; Medicine; Multimedia","score_opus":0.028407730160433835,"score_gpt":0.47539499564446025,"score_spread":0.4469872654840264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2073615521","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91530764,0.019545322,0.0026129193,0.042135596,0.0015169309,0.0023123762,0.0000056283125,0.0002211179,0.01634245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.950463,0.0032095148,0.044775076,0.0011439003,0.00014863271,0.000048839356,0.00000697142,0.0000061913534,0.00019789627],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99639076,0.0004848089,0.000718033,0.00047097012,0.0011901219,0.00074530096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862224,0.00016251537,0.00065080996,0.00014766026,0.0002090547,0.0002077158],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010942357,0.00011274855,0.0002276552,0.00068438525,0.0024936968,0.00009666007,0.00081286783,0.000038641127,0.000081464605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045330753,0.00011281249,0.000033532117,0.0033121128,0.0015405166,0.0016562539,0.000044451484,0.0002801441,0.000010966768],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032688208,0.00036015006,0.506078,0.000109637724,3.5497803e-7,1.886203e-8,0.013187799,0.02292962,0.000014162402,0.005920418,0.000031777443,0.45136482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087547104,0.0014480774,0.4234727,0.0022933797,0.000004837972,0.0000022309987,0.10626398,0.0045177382,0.00006763034,0.005205214,0.45514974,0.0006990061],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007057304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006945755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45511797,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00084631704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.014934758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995548},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075384036","doi":"10.1002/bmb.2003.494031040269","title":"Response to “the problem with problem‐based medical education: Promises not kept” by R. H. Glew","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Assertion; Problem-based learning; Computer science; Variety (cybernetics); Taxonomy (biology); Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.006799034260824575,"score_gpt":0.3083549741776915,"score_spread":0.3015559399168669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075384036","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7593419,0.0036043935,0.0042334767,0.2016743,0.00030875552,0.0018769391,0.000014152127,0.00012734055,0.028818749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97847354,0.000034469795,0.009189574,0.008300359,0.000106308624,0.000526558,0.000079562975,0.000013972286,0.0032756608],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983404,0.0006651377,0.0001617271,0.00036678216,0.00019626491,0.00026963252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919975,0.00010072778,0.000091234084,0.00020104715,0.00015260576,0.0002546491],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014021563,0.00013639101,0.00010638483,0.00003957833,0.0004607268,0.000058132922,0.00020765429,0.0002185161,0.00013739227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00092228386,0.00010334297,0.000026758597,0.0002926166,0.00028915066,0.00003662774,0.000017170316,0.00016583048,0.000008269182],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013433349,0.0016777279,0.007885748,0.00030257335,0.00010882593,0.000004453561,0.007686952,0.000009663249,0.7591162,0.03938237,0.08846047,0.09402171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026916026,0.00014878373,0.000050374816,0.000108128545,0.000022034874,0.0000128368665,0.0013343149,0.0000013352446,0.16060813,0.0006605575,0.83655846,0.00022585932],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025280716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034676603,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.748098,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000681394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009635663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959788},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076213142","doi":"10.1002/chp.20140","title":"Using Problem-Based Case Studies to Learn About Knowledge Translation Interventions: An Inside Perspective","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University Health Centre","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Knowledge translation; Psychological intervention; Stakeholder; Medical education; Intervention (counseling); Psychology; Perspective (graphical); Protocol (science); Task (project management); Process (computing); Medicine; Knowledge management; Nursing; Public relations; Alternative medicine; Computer science; Engineering; Political science","score_opus":0.3545129459657686,"score_gpt":0.5582681498530947,"score_spread":0.2037552038873261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076213142","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95540845,0.0117788585,0.0075713038,0.016195148,0.0021594223,0.002028722,0.000002382086,0.000042146887,0.0048135896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762757,0.00011545942,0.022518154,0.0005337853,0.0002981751,0.000035982583,6.669696e-7,0.000011594639,0.00021050424],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99478567,0.0038342932,0.0007449726,0.00013550317,0.00022273413,0.0002768355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99746615,0.00055467925,0.00075308233,0.00013136868,0.00094157364,0.00015314782],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008428447,0.00009915016,0.00023850995,0.0005133377,0.0009474207,0.000044477238,0.00022681146,0.00006721478,0.000031695385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011868158,0.00007383049,0.000104263025,0.0006714714,0.00008983317,0.00048806108,0.000013579729,0.0005459635,0.0000031412776],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049551403,0.00048108364,0.001688287,0.00012036191,0.000011841193,0.000007795255,0.9209801,0.000053062504,0.000016605685,0.004605284,0.00025859912,0.07172744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037602973,0.00038604223,0.0017093392,0.0047488143,0.000037027985,0.00006928616,0.98425853,0.000059232414,0.000010842517,0.0057484065,0.002482478,0.00011394334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026451722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007952394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0716135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048756998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0035392914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.728689},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077124396","doi":"10.1177/1010539512436875","title":"Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Public Health","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Public health; Medicine; Medical education; Environmental health; Nursing","score_opus":0.09139771045504964,"score_gpt":0.35676934208511907,"score_spread":0.26537163163006944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077124396","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07036904,0.027469289,0.040682122,0.797886,0.00184812,0.0013558893,0.000010294951,0.00035213257,0.060027067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897668,0.0012482462,0.006466922,0.0014046307,0.0007458198,0.0000066093426,0.000006833726,0.000029190556,0.00032495023],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99144524,0.004418996,0.0009772574,0.00021730963,0.0009643453,0.0019768681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951486,0.0003952107,0.0014629711,0.00015664719,0.00037276192,0.0024638358],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.036220275,0.00019741345,0.0005219102,0.00059930753,0.0017009139,0.0003944515,0.00031826177,0.00013976297,0.00019849527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015380116,0.0001757363,0.00012162604,0.00095930404,0.0002599864,0.0015360825,0.000038205148,0.00111804,0.000020841466],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000120768245,0.00036733196,0.2501486,0.00019198461,0.000052927582,0.0000044035573,0.068472646,0.000011963766,0.000011165875,0.04366138,0.006227257,0.6308383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005703102,0.0005252031,0.006713056,0.00008526299,0.0000038031333,0.00004204953,0.035833977,0.00002607355,0.0000011320305,0.00022323211,0.9558064,0.00016953734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013616172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020379869,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9495791,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008907204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009538904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99959874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081393797","doi":"10.1207/s15328015tlm1204_6","title":"Assessing the Measurement Properties of a Clinical Reasoning Exercise","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Medical education; Medicine; Applied psychology","score_opus":0.16176891375902966,"score_gpt":0.4124883313957498,"score_spread":0.2507194176367201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081393797","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9386691,0.0039446387,0.000062526815,0.0033682885,0.000089945286,0.00016059968,1.9663716e-8,0.000073475596,0.053631436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99764436,0.0005646448,0.00047921037,0.00015942806,0.0002723816,0.000007147357,3.1005865e-7,0.000009047546,0.00086345],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99519885,0.003337957,0.00045979957,0.00019859437,0.0005531764,0.00025162846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992453,0.00038145288,0.00015248997,0.00010545656,0.00004889607,0.00006638977],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.038900368,0.00009140682,0.00030921373,0.00006963429,0.0011505461,0.000049425395,0.00015346268,0.00007571508,0.00011152835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0067783734,0.000055833567,0.000033878143,0.0001610956,0.00048005267,0.00017081093,0.000018663806,0.0016491588,0.00000281908],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038622245,0.000026683972,0.036389574,0.00004087173,0.000008743656,0.0000025498975,0.12040893,0.00037644617,0.00012299512,0.0003539686,0.00006458768,0.842166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003936511,0.00070919015,0.17527637,0.027518604,0.00023158484,0.000009927052,0.35229588,0.015208764,0.000049866914,0.0006320379,0.42341885,0.00071243144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010773829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016702228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8414536,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002898656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015715699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083443633","doi":"10.5001/omj.2011.74","title":"Problem-based Learning: A Current Model of Education","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oman Medical Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Session (web analytics); Mathematics education; Process (computing); Problem-based learning; Autodidacticism; Convention; sort; Field (mathematics); Medicine; Medical education; Computer science; Psychology","score_opus":0.06485951312220653,"score_gpt":0.35104181953463726,"score_spread":0.2861823064124307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083443633","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24097286,0.0027024052,0.27133736,0.006290549,0.0022440497,0.0006299302,0.0000018439111,0.0002236392,0.47559735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909165,0.00021522434,0.007892327,0.00018315445,0.00035474752,0.000007568018,0.0000015466135,0.000009232567,0.0004197318],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99809784,0.00039373458,0.00028831128,0.000103912076,0.0008597541,0.00025643868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907833,0.000057733316,0.00022934975,0.00006121504,0.00017318653,0.0004001661],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024667007,0.000070058464,0.00012270258,0.0001235589,0.0003816652,0.000024574329,0.00029809066,0.00009826923,0.0016780599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00079228025,0.000059050926,0.00008112225,0.00017562085,0.00020563528,0.00012880522,0.00001914845,0.00073354883,0.000017945622],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005427775,0.00060184166,0.01752838,0.00006666243,0.000014939373,0.00000615486,0.026604362,0.0003419838,0.000079178084,0.026827207,0.0028949003,0.9249801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004403886,0.0014211034,0.0058288835,0.0039094007,0.000251826,0.00008922579,0.013497445,0.10053396,0.0010566205,0.15874375,0.7088497,0.0014141722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020137057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004075786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9235659,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056946155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0043547624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99923456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083798061","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0713-097r","title":"Reconsidering the Lecture in Modern Veterinary Education","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"KU Leuven","keywords":"Veterinary education; Medical education; Teaching method; Veterinary medicine; Medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Curriculum","score_opus":0.13262846770287257,"score_gpt":0.3952628970913701,"score_spread":0.2626344293884975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083798061","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9682039,0.0012214457,0.0012361734,0.019823281,0.0023708872,0.00012288484,9.687096e-8,0.0000123878435,0.007008947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99545443,0.00029058606,0.0009225591,0.001785802,0.0013922683,0.000011454822,0.0000011734022,0.000008718618,0.00013299756],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99787635,0.0009524042,0.0003810837,0.000104632374,0.00049541396,0.0001901349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989369,0.0003521817,0.0002766379,0.00011866101,0.00013736411,0.00017823423],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036060659,0.000080281476,0.00014240434,0.0001651859,0.00022699665,0.000053228032,0.00031432055,0.00012395838,0.00028359372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033877473,0.000059744958,0.00006199778,0.00023953758,0.00011489732,0.00030616779,0.000028673872,0.00051938463,0.000005979227],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006328997,0.00019938794,0.0012550851,0.000030097277,0.000006315836,0.0000055951696,0.017170623,0.000042108237,0.00048059665,0.00054865534,0.0012970313,0.9789012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006906963,0.0016019496,0.012864303,0.0014244255,0.00003195789,0.0012478819,0.015235817,0.001357037,0.000045514644,0.031385746,0.9337844,0.0003302722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020341402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010750549,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97857094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015779753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041456735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7354247},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084391113","doi":"10.1016/j.nepr.2013.03.013","title":"Exploring consistency within a problem-based learning context: Perceptions of students and faculty","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nurse Education in Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Consistency (knowledge bases); Context (archaeology); Psychology; Focus group; Perception; Medical education; Qualitative research; Ambiguity; Meaning (existential); Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science; Sociology","score_opus":0.08278124717485576,"score_gpt":0.41355619692455825,"score_spread":0.3307749497497025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084391113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9645451,0.000107492415,0.000078202174,0.0045835073,0.00030926094,0.0006386302,8.8346474e-7,0.000046314814,0.029690627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990816,0.000064611886,0.007157246,0.0002682067,0.00005744864,0.0003291988,0.000008057079,0.000009530501,0.0012897311],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982827,0.00070420926,0.00029579413,0.0001997745,0.0003351202,0.00018245196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985605,0.0005631864,0.0003069972,0.000097042976,0.00037732962,0.000094971714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014123697,0.00008559565,0.000124399,0.00015838417,0.00037929098,0.00013211404,0.00012903492,0.00005784037,0.00022930162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025938058,0.00009040935,0.000022558766,0.0003456997,0.00016551212,0.0016194223,0.000013142989,0.00032893653,0.000054323886],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036458263,0.0007266305,0.6993842,0.000060825187,0.000021620313,5.578102e-7,0.22307579,0.00023933715,0.00044260462,0.015924605,0.00034405093,0.059743293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005512133,0.000102254584,0.15942046,0.0002666696,0.00005031734,0.0000025150696,0.80984485,0.00008382386,0.00004572316,0.00043134397,0.02900568,0.0001951709],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01643502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006256054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58676904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010489898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001165207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9901146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085042631","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01489.x","title":"Implementation of problem‐based learning in Asian medical schools and students' perceptions of their experience","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":177,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Saitama Medical University; National University of Singapore","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Problem-based learning; Ethnic group; Perception; Medical school; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Political science","score_opus":0.013372768370622963,"score_gpt":0.4080183890533523,"score_spread":0.39464562068272935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085042631","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928916,0.00009623498,0.0008329158,0.0034336185,0.00008810526,0.00025530334,4.4075693e-7,0.000015283433,0.002386488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99864674,0.0000939676,0.0008607803,0.00024263648,0.00003183635,0.00006581133,0.0000070330457,0.000004438836,0.000046749457],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979266,0.0006137848,0.00031655026,0.00014445561,0.0008351713,0.00016344144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948835,0.00010862221,0.0001228563,0.00006334359,0.00007934229,0.00013747696],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024331955,0.00005880099,0.00012219531,0.00012770422,0.00013808065,0.000016673552,0.00015634888,0.00010661141,0.0023519185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021550113,0.000053966036,0.000022210506,0.00036494934,0.00020515117,0.0001303752,0.000015864342,0.00025250472,0.0000019646845],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000035197643,0.00018136928,0.8410172,0.000032994947,0.000002858893,2.3082409e-7,0.052370343,0.0000027331846,0.00010297596,0.002707416,0.000081154496,0.103497215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013367847,0.0001979623,0.5088461,0.0006502017,0.000013614961,0.000002455266,0.46983752,0.00011646292,0.0006834598,0.0012806954,0.016821655,0.00021307361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032031077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021505773,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41746718,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059433638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033155715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088682475","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2011.03.005","title":"Chinese baccalaureate nursing students' readiness for self-directed learning","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Cronbach's alpha; Autodidacticism; Curriculum; Scale (ratio); Psychology; Medical education; Nurse education; Nursing; Medicine; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Psychometrics","score_opus":0.02115372535194077,"score_gpt":0.3757086353082547,"score_spread":0.35455490995631395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2088682475","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60176456,0.00051579956,0.0010214654,0.0029944573,0.005642387,0.0018832327,0.0000040698396,0.0028271805,0.38334683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97477484,0.00003410936,0.009346673,0.00013718817,0.00083258445,0.00021263715,0.000036342608,0.00003461484,0.01459099],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998453,0.00036408287,0.00021500934,0.00029661646,0.00029001271,0.00038123614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990665,0.00016814716,0.00016124311,0.00015948154,0.00028675137,0.00015790897],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000985229,0.00014703718,0.00016184733,0.00015782661,0.0008031138,0.00011000344,0.00031799782,0.00012716319,0.00060783303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005924041,0.00014113892,0.00007373046,0.000523514,0.00008668087,0.0003391374,0.000008083729,0.00020455416,0.00008337106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013608596,0.0021655927,0.32684523,0.000058009457,0.0000735517,9.4710333e-7,0.4766369,0.000009488916,0.0002607742,0.022673918,0.013879111,0.1572604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022012019,0.0004665185,0.51596975,0.00083277875,0.00032167695,0.000007784546,0.09947902,0.00068174495,0.0007227103,0.028328989,0.34938014,0.0016077065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009875278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011312727,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37715787,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020539334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00069481897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66553456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089715090","doi":"10.5688/ajpe79110","title":"Alignment of Learning Objectives and Assessments in Therapeutics Courses to Foster Higher-Order Thinking","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Higher-order thinking; Curriculum; Cognition; Focus group; Psychology; Content analysis; Mathematics education; Critical thinking; Medical education; Pedagogy; Teaching method; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.07238226042758215,"score_gpt":0.4671367216893427,"score_spread":0.39475446126176056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089715090","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98340595,0.0006027179,0.001104691,0.008786454,0.0004613447,0.000118080774,2.9302078e-7,0.000006690151,0.0055137845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99386364,0.0001578775,0.00456963,0.0011943551,0.00013589216,0.000003115557,3.289722e-7,0.0000065920804,0.00006855233],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986128,0.00053920056,0.00023902097,0.00008201618,0.00036884515,0.00015806791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990833,0.00020223043,0.000261813,0.00003436027,0.00024394685,0.00017439658],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015644017,0.000060327195,0.00014480304,0.0001435921,0.0000729587,0.0000380165,0.000107877146,0.00002252519,0.000033010194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017580847,0.000056033292,0.000022299635,0.00037392898,0.000181667,0.00019410884,0.000023709676,0.00023220477,0.0000013249798],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027524368,0.00041474475,0.18306068,0.000017478256,0.00007876651,0.000002619824,0.11149289,0.0005538274,0.0017934459,0.0036999339,0.00021104247,0.6983993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026263248,0.0042719324,0.062058546,0.0007352524,0.00031300538,0.000029981016,0.61640346,0.00047897614,0.0049994667,0.008234094,0.29919007,0.0006588894],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002467554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015409003,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69774044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012084939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009102063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22849713},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089922807","doi":"10.1002/oti.146","title":"Inquiry‐based learning: an instructional alternative for occupational therapy education","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Occupational Therapy International","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Occupational therapy; Cohort; Professional development; Medical education; Medicine; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.18181235161954382,"score_gpt":0.46123328038275396,"score_spread":0.2794209287632101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089922807","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92026657,0.00029457288,0.045738626,0.0049459,0.0057325186,0.001518673,0.00013989671,0.00037631523,0.020986946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9701583,0.00050220743,0.014771186,0.002763362,0.0058054784,0.0006745922,0.0026568254,0.000050887684,0.0026171573],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970346,0.00041943227,0.0004403489,0.00053836155,0.0011869654,0.0003803123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974058,0.0004758991,0.0003701217,0.00016904155,0.0013955539,0.00018357942],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011250663,0.0002598532,0.00018285918,0.0004571968,0.0011327807,0.00027563673,0.0005996947,0.00018060357,0.0032751488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039594498,0.00026996923,0.00018642702,0.0003920782,0.00026678984,0.0011202268,0.000019522646,0.00027977885,0.000051479852],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.005225058,0.0013467611,0.36014783,0.000005374882,0.0002360381,0.0000020017926,0.0057518496,0.010072962,0.00070847146,0.22988589,0.003357005,0.38326076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024846308,0.0003263681,0.07274067,0.000024168492,0.0000055826126,0.000006545866,0.00072104,0.0044257515,0.0002704954,0.012176689,0.90641546,0.00040259247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008137596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016423996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90305847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039818895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024911826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090774110","doi":"10.3138/jvme.36.3.291","title":"Linking Theory to Practice in an Undergraduate Veterinary Curriculum: Students’ Perspectives","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Nottingham; Michigan State University","keywords":"Likert scale; Curriculum; Medical education; Psychology; Veterinary medicine; Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.044914954279025726,"score_gpt":0.46163942754591436,"score_spread":0.41672447326688866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090774110","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9669055,0.00108849,0.001006724,0.02701786,0.0009773881,0.00016416264,1.5327367e-7,0.000019898154,0.0028198585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914053,0.0006345383,0.004728038,0.0021719155,0.00093499036,0.0000047862573,0.0000012149309,0.0000076096,0.00011158764],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99632746,0.0018169964,0.0004043903,0.00016745538,0.0010324991,0.00025120444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985396,0.0003456665,0.00029327662,0.000109522516,0.00030182785,0.0004101035],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0058364924,0.000100877725,0.00017768331,0.0002996161,0.00021702726,0.00011513773,0.0005001829,0.00010835416,0.00013477865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0051891347,0.000091828144,0.00005818571,0.00044710084,0.000073710704,0.001063227,0.000037363727,0.0005453912,0.000009758191],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00075189996,0.004134489,0.0066748094,0.000023147679,0.0000272678,0.0004278388,0.19437219,0.000041217503,0.00074246526,0.010971073,0.0006392361,0.7811944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018377703,0.01856048,0.086297505,0.00249991,0.000091530506,0.0015053768,0.4532424,0.00006497723,0.000010510735,0.027181111,0.40800807,0.00070037966],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000117608746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001868098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.780494,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030442994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018079164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6212254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091619145","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2011.03.002","title":"The influence of an undergraduate problem/context based learning program on evolving professional nursing graduate practice","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Northwestern Polytechnic; Red Deer College; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Context (archaeology); Perception; Psychology; Value (mathematics); Nursing; Focus group; Professional development; Pedagogy; Clinical Practice; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.039330935984326486,"score_gpt":0.38456767449524587,"score_spread":0.3452367385109194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091619145","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76622885,0.0002770724,0.00015460346,0.03639692,0.0019708155,0.002655104,0.0000015832132,0.0004915674,0.19182347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871797,0.00002115995,0.009554665,0.0003049718,0.00016225866,0.00025484606,0.000011034265,0.000025238882,0.0024861041],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99646914,0.0017195973,0.00036525205,0.00033117604,0.0006678682,0.00044699459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99747336,0.00073675934,0.00056663,0.00027654355,0.0007776591,0.00016904647],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027432381,0.00016618319,0.00014231507,0.00013091313,0.002128527,0.00013860632,0.0003912511,0.00011113321,0.00005856928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022702075,0.0001317734,0.000062615065,0.0005527929,0.0004357382,0.00092863734,0.000010241543,0.0005920945,0.00003983011],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024330801,0.0027555865,0.0028366968,0.000038569928,0.000024048997,8.972046e-7,0.11310147,0.0006027336,0.0002829332,0.0779401,0.0012344475,0.8009392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017809203,0.0034638369,0.1890462,0.0051094536,0.00027974678,0.000011630597,0.480576,0.0031760363,0.0038746914,0.067723155,0.24333264,0.0016256771],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018856488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021557478,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79931355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019864677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025685788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99917054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092555423","doi":"10.1145/1806512.1806521","title":"Quackback","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Computer science; Process (computing); Class (philosophy); Software engineering; Software; Work (physics); Engineering management; Knowledge management; Process management; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Political science; Programming language","score_opus":0.01333327631710724,"score_gpt":0.339827362586576,"score_spread":0.32649408626946874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092555423","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.082760416,0.0000054007455,0.00017563974,0.0022913916,0.00027051638,0.00003852656,1.0331155e-7,0.000104682076,0.9143533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96926874,0.000004089294,0.002606559,0.0003394846,0.00022317874,0.0000018279349,3.199085e-7,0.0000022598829,0.027553558],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996576,0.000036507063,0.00003544577,0.00005621326,0.00009028339,0.00012398313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998117,0.000051193623,0.000010467221,0.000056628232,0.000020419138,0.000049575552],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000487881,0.000020771788,0.000025082618,0.000015950563,0.00023713749,0.00003463258,0.000089029745,0.00004045132,0.006231797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014891507,0.000017827882,0.000015611451,0.000089575304,0.000065309876,0.0000783597,0.0000075890257,0.00012272381,0.00067107426],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015150584,0.000010455403,0.0107908435,0.000001170576,0.0000017234623,8.684531e-7,0.005257782,4.1717203e-7,0.0030517655,0.92782044,0.0067921504,0.046270866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000038374634,0.000004497534,0.0007860984,5.908235e-7,7.092106e-7,1.3918255e-7,0.00066612195,0.000006792904,0.00029543546,0.0033017606,0.9948587,0.000040806368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025795246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007158284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9880665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000034951872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008522513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99467665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094120346","doi":"10.1159/000088999","title":"Education for Practice in the UK and Ireland: Implementing Problem-Based Learning","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Relevance (law); Psychology; Speech-Language Pathology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Political science","score_opus":0.01314948214326561,"score_gpt":0.34977764453264115,"score_spread":0.33662816238937554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094120346","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10084182,0.01333757,0.010684214,0.40102565,0.0007905049,0.007943627,0.00002761352,0.0006160189,0.46473297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9747029,0.00036584592,0.019389259,0.0041088257,0.0006640827,0.00028320553,0.000024849778,0.00001672665,0.00044433353],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976775,0.00086827506,0.00029069243,0.00027768686,0.00036883258,0.00051700225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755144,0.0018923745,0.00024986986,0.00011515802,0.00010862976,0.000082544495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0061899517,0.00012386662,0.0001360971,0.00016920941,0.0009700345,0.00018389933,0.00024340689,0.000100372024,0.00008605053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023012199,0.00010120915,0.00005839604,0.00050883455,0.00007667035,0.00031129524,0.000036519126,0.00044019282,0.000013549308],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029285517,0.0007873474,0.079833426,0.00020175723,0.000054168366,0.000007443843,0.12680548,0.0010463492,0.000118048934,0.083060175,0.052281346,0.6555116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067820883,0.00011755011,0.0012316114,0.000030124647,0.00004600606,0.0000033727956,0.005542916,0.00031643614,0.00000825179,0.0010710253,0.9908015,0.00015296906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023135054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017710773,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9385202,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008970033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010827893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74608195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095098194","doi":"10.1007/s10900-013-9698-5","title":"Using Business Plan Development as a Capstone Project for MPH Programs in Canada: Validation Through the Student Perspective","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Community Health","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Capstone; Public health; Agency (philosophy); Medical education; Public relations; Core competency; Medicine; Business; Political science; Nursing; Sociology; Marketing; Computer science","score_opus":0.23431361345476884,"score_gpt":0.442127508764531,"score_spread":0.20781389530976216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095098194","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98549557,0.00040386835,0.0009715367,0.010890022,0.00017456607,0.0013152568,8.049145e-7,0.000007007434,0.0007413793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949576,0.000111328125,0.004104583,0.0006786099,0.000089908026,0.000029933395,0.0000029703765,0.000007937444,0.000017084936],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99689907,0.0018347112,0.00044611914,0.00005074219,0.00044548887,0.00032386664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981657,0.00037460832,0.00057373266,0.00011639725,0.0006994411,0.00007007668],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039861556,0.00008659418,0.0002238232,0.00007915724,0.0015767223,0.00010102073,0.00040402394,0.000034673958,0.000009820055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003426421,0.0000622106,0.000030142737,0.00045000185,0.00006468005,0.0003346371,0.000045436347,0.0005942327,6.300271e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007208622,0.00038278179,0.024708286,0.000099335244,0.00006567512,0.0000024524616,0.94175005,0.00072293874,0.000013143732,0.003276558,0.0008058682,0.028100846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085374934,0.00027216875,0.05312994,0.0003693027,0.000012807539,0.000020373212,0.91599643,0.000039015977,0.000022015918,0.0025128983,0.026617128,0.00015415307],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99622434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98406136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028421657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0054765013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.026865445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997231},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096716293","doi":"10.22329/jtl.v6i1.505","title":"Teaching practices that promote student learning: Five experiential approaches","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Active listening; Active learning (machine learning); Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Service-learning; Psychology; Authentic learning; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.060510328409351534,"score_gpt":0.3674733939410596,"score_spread":0.30696306553170805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2096716293","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9560809,0.0013340019,0.0014318821,0.0047933706,0.00026245025,0.00014632216,1.1198887e-7,0.000100930854,0.03585001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877955,0.00011658449,0.0058042165,0.00014967991,0.0010260543,0.0000017803268,0.0000012415762,0.0000181365,0.0050868085],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9928456,0.0051815994,0.00043726922,0.00026821916,0.0008090097,0.00045830704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971423,0.00067891733,0.0017865836,0.000088416935,0.00007467008,0.00022909782],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014674522,0.0002031012,0.00036162374,0.0002582353,0.003973215,0.00060756865,0.0003367894,0.00014605532,0.00003533756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005455497,0.00017419142,0.00015447845,0.00010292659,0.00010216288,0.0011841536,0.000061231214,0.005554032,0.0000037440327],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001182985,0.0002181912,0.02720261,0.000025628357,0.000096083575,0.000060587026,0.5375556,0.0019629512,0.00083750085,0.0029573613,0.00017095108,0.42879426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010801059,0.0016525267,0.006278184,0.00042504506,0.00014823956,0.00015315007,0.36246058,0.0010822896,0.000073066585,0.0004417206,0.6257078,0.0004973055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00083867664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016825452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6255368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000098454475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001683481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99732345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098995402","doi":"10.7202/017888ar","title":"Les stratégies d’apprentissage d’étudiantes durant le travail de groupe dans un curriculum centré sur la résolution de problèmes","year":2008,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue des sciences de l éducation","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.13526611357741633,"score_gpt":0.3387428391419682,"score_spread":0.20347672556455185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2098995402","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.949136,0.011961345,0.015983766,0.0034162847,0.00057242246,0.0003532818,0.00001361104,0.0001302968,0.018433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97835815,0.006431591,0.012459027,0.000035746794,0.00034561515,0.000051685485,0.0000134891025,0.000019222556,0.0022854449],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957326,0.0018673363,0.00040075454,0.0005349083,0.00039607254,0.0010682933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99873555,0.00038402894,0.0003112807,0.00017598286,0.00015608064,0.00023710527],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035501274,0.00025697055,0.00025219392,0.0001547679,0.0038909374,0.0003088251,0.0005829998,0.000266757,0.00014708778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00065653364,0.00027508597,0.00014972342,0.0015886973,0.0038999736,0.0013850187,0.00004875384,0.00035798625,0.000026454743],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000122623915,0.0010226342,0.23091611,0.0006180786,0.000048370905,0.000073985786,0.53653383,0.005244547,0.00487332,0.15105456,0.0009201363,0.06868214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00095031864,0.0006503797,0.60785055,0.0020318497,0.0002454213,0.001995946,0.28058165,0.053378176,0.0036716159,0.032852095,0.014225089,0.0015669222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04956589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011885581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37693444,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012033536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027339591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101917581","doi":"10.1080/15602210701544707","title":"Moving from a lecture-based to a problem-based learning curriculum-perceptions of preparedness for practice","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pharmacy Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Canadian Foundation for Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University; Dalhousie University","keywords":"Preparedness; Curriculum; Perception; Medical education; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Medicine; Political science; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.023282830714563368,"score_gpt":0.4167466316109395,"score_spread":0.3934638008963761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2101917581","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.57526463,0.0002990912,0.40675473,0.0060041896,0.0008148813,0.0023740446,0.000015131667,0.0002380731,0.00823522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92582124,0.0000068024838,0.072071694,0.0011179366,0.00046461402,0.00030327952,0.00008638673,0.000020532518,0.00010748557],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983666,0.00034480353,0.00031321662,0.00030118052,0.00031972103,0.00035449158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977396,0.0010704491,0.0002869483,0.00012666064,0.0005967785,0.00017952741],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021793728,0.0001232076,0.00014193919,0.00022635904,0.00061638706,0.00007442071,0.00019887109,0.00005201986,0.00026162597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024343452,0.00013489767,0.00008324543,0.0006776559,0.000052068448,0.00035365715,0.0000128975125,0.00019776772,0.000017792052],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010389977,0.0028229023,0.108102776,0.000356134,0.00009483615,0.000001206878,0.20149218,0.041291527,0.06267137,0.0020809711,0.005238817,0.5748083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018355869,0.00021574803,0.0018783545,0.0003791415,0.00027831882,6.8662035e-7,0.037858196,0.0075175213,0.016343018,0.0008468456,0.9322174,0.0006291657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019619454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011191675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9269786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032161048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026831776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.986909},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102213548","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v6i3.267","title":"Problem-based Learning in an Online Course: A case study","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Iowa State University","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Psychology; Online course; Computer science; Pedagogy; Medical education; Medicine; Biology","score_opus":0.15130636353443172,"score_gpt":0.5081353889332112,"score_spread":0.3568290253987795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2102213548","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97308916,0.0066768248,0.00008158156,0.010113133,0.000039425227,0.0021043248,0.000020672895,0.000033426768,0.007841452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997705,0.0013658466,0.00019763455,0.0000763657,0.00006944812,0.000110007575,0.00014651567,0.000010221116,0.0003190013],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99416417,0.0037525834,0.0004884945,0.00030466274,0.0009051546,0.0003849181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980934,0.0010869902,0.00018659298,0.00014917515,0.00040835852,0.00007543079],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.018450705,0.00010692218,0.00026399075,0.00020540487,0.0005491607,0.0002694637,0.00086727197,0.00005040403,0.00017748222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017319133,0.0000841168,0.00003387821,0.0010914655,0.00028401925,0.00035554,0.000300184,0.0011969917,0.000003930672],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000118437805,0.001670493,0.935113,0.00058244646,0.00001563052,0.00088121154,0.0028405096,0.0059791934,0.000021193368,0.004095703,0.00024622347,0.048435975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010919903,0.0028063508,0.18932863,0.03010295,0.00008885567,0.00023806536,0.40542793,0.030297317,0.000028577633,0.005654495,0.32387662,0.0012303109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.067572534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024904544,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74578434,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016981969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00071316323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9928884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102293472","doi":"10.1111/tct.12214","title":"Novel clinical learning from a student‐led clinic","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Clinical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Focus group; Autonomy; Medical education; Theme (computing); Medicine; Qualitative research; Psychology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Sociology","score_opus":0.18329413651621876,"score_gpt":0.4850287878363974,"score_spread":0.3017346513201786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2102293472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80187774,0.00023813552,0.0046224226,0.011429639,0.002471589,0.0005611451,0.0000019496806,0.0005840863,0.1782133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9598563,0.0002479991,0.0014537246,0.0026928359,0.005424511,0.000020121877,0.000007802568,0.00003825623,0.0302585],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98854357,0.0083223665,0.0013373778,0.00061536103,0.00060450373,0.00057682063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9859571,0.012568512,0.0005001962,0.00057084794,0.00009608039,0.0003072727],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03447956,0.00019938516,0.000600867,0.00003218704,0.00095737656,0.00016305389,0.0011180091,0.00049081765,0.0029125705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017394751,0.00013936692,0.0005309266,0.00025387743,0.000999135,0.00013651521,0.00026804695,0.0026023923,0.0025846784],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000118522265,0.00067140587,0.8454347,0.0000025166635,0.0001728036,0.0000018563818,0.006895483,0.000020005351,0.0000103276125,0.0021218595,0.0056962874,0.13885424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017565272,0.00033282375,0.2981632,0.000041561307,0.00012708701,2.9218316e-7,0.0029912784,0.0005047583,7.535376e-7,0.0027644383,0.6930232,0.00029405017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017286643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006072169,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68732697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037389207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025003226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99969864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104206024","doi":"10.1002/bmb.2003.494031060298","title":"Commentary: Hiring researchers who teach","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Obligation; Medical education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Public relations; Political science; Medicine; Law","score_opus":0.021838827756338133,"score_gpt":0.37248995013061964,"score_spread":0.35065112237428153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2104206024","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9045499,0.0032077786,0.0004452633,0.012295634,0.00015940367,0.00015725795,0.0000015772878,0.0000354248,0.07914777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960597,0.00014231418,0.0009549788,0.0017555958,0.00007478654,0.000020234766,0.000032149983,0.0000043549057,0.0009558722],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992711,0.00024810576,0.000067455694,0.00017257233,0.000053455096,0.00018733104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997165,0.00003203359,0.000031139796,0.0000930223,0.000037542217,0.00008976628],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006577814,0.00005621532,0.000054667904,0.000026687221,0.00029987548,0.000025636802,0.00007574408,0.00011477529,0.000056683595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003256173,0.00005979056,0.000018370052,0.000097477394,0.00019282482,0.000028410212,0.000014454213,0.00012362935,0.0000026649936],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025952051,0.00022752331,0.05983753,0.00008981839,0.000063713014,0.0000026371142,0.007422443,0.0000010622146,0.73092234,0.09962083,0.02300517,0.078781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017609578,0.00003263011,0.00021278925,0.00003171529,0.000011726,0.0000031303823,0.0058930856,0.0000014516156,0.24590221,0.0053813523,0.7421773,0.00017650226],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005309935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007941775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7191721,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005253344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003659766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24381883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104797844","doi":"10.5539/ass.v7n4p69","title":"Embedding Graduate Skills in Capstone Courses","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Griffith University","keywords":"Capstone; Embedding; Capstone course; Computer science; Medical education; Graduate students; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Pedagogy; Engineering; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.05442318658464866,"score_gpt":0.3623691242592459,"score_spread":0.3079459376745972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2104797844","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1566193,0.000023505894,0.00008538438,0.00082319404,0.00034342395,0.000163479,0.000001362299,0.000090064605,0.8418503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979268,0.000017183836,0.00093206635,0.00018771448,0.00018673841,0.000010631858,4.3764373e-7,0.0000071150416,0.00073136564],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99791914,0.00019776505,0.00017150996,0.00031453665,0.00067231647,0.0007247378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952346,0.000043676566,0.0000957319,0.00009542492,0.00009397825,0.00014773449],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029084561,0.00009459315,0.00013645824,0.00019709235,0.0016713297,0.00010387019,0.0005832641,0.00007546476,0.00023541597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040429836,0.00009778949,0.000045125726,0.0017181172,0.001696646,0.0007087049,0.000067831425,0.00022657166,0.000085661435],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008799345,0.00012666466,0.013564734,0.00000564228,0.0000037318725,0.000029709681,0.52728176,0.0000010413339,0.000589236,0.13486199,0.00037063265,0.3231561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000896176,0.00013765138,0.7042836,0.00013193897,0.000024126783,0.0000044637427,0.20802821,0.000049728973,0.0024526732,0.053730655,0.029088037,0.0011727466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006118572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014226398,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84130746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002106307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070865144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99962837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106024615","doi":"10.3138/jvme.32.1.144","title":"A Quiz Becomes a Multidirectional Dialogue with Web-Based Instructional Tools for an Anatomical Pathology Rotation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Syllabus; Comprehension; Computer science; Medical education; Class (philosophy); Protocol (science); Psychology; Multimedia; Medicine; Mathematics education; Pathology; Artificial intelligence; Alternative medicine","score_opus":0.07115081335024874,"score_gpt":0.40112501970997,"score_spread":0.32997420635972124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106024615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98321676,0.00008108165,0.0043361746,0.011019033,0.0008293597,0.00019370143,0.0000043415434,0.000023213051,0.00029633104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96016264,0.000027011172,0.03677121,0.000860026,0.0020595193,0.000045544697,0.000033926342,0.000009461779,0.000030683706],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983381,0.0004371529,0.0003553243,0.0001348199,0.00055239064,0.00018218423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985324,0.00046527525,0.0003028004,0.000058218906,0.00036986245,0.00027140148],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017047646,0.000085161104,0.00016110431,0.00020210452,0.0002866554,0.000057475692,0.00015847992,0.00014545399,0.00031732855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018116068,0.000071444,0.00007335031,0.00017178875,0.00018574527,0.0008157618,0.000006923298,0.00026190333,0.00000282075],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017870364,0.0012624114,0.0074421773,0.000042843636,0.000042076095,0.000015848467,0.0044997865,0.00045143857,0.0014254262,0.0037254281,0.0017920074,0.9775135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0077117216,0.008404971,0.07329363,0.00044123796,0.000111086556,0.001881159,0.006180468,0.011640868,0.00019410253,0.0016927096,0.8878722,0.0005758368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007343897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004173125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9769377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022255766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005974445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99966073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107501654","doi":"10.3109/0142159x.2013.775413","title":"Enhancing learning approaches: Practical tips for students and teachers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Memorization; Active learning (machine learning); Mathematics education; Curriculum; Cooperative learning; Psychology; Learning sciences; Peer learning; Construct (python library); Problem-based learning; Experiential learning; Teaching method; Computer science; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.23834399860512742,"score_gpt":0.4876090727916691,"score_spread":0.24926507418654167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2107501654","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003181323,0.9816294,0.0026983768,0.00066077133,0.00024670156,0.0018419384,9.1541045e-7,0.00019047027,0.01269962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004472028,0.97169393,0.0016002681,0.00006519167,0.0013456895,0.00074020395,0.00003642175,0.000083067156,0.024390511],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99400383,0.0025534304,0.00062249217,0.0006623204,0.0013808634,0.00077707006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974753,0.0012815914,0.00036175593,0.00018874662,0.00004232513,0.00065027224],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009657451,0.00038746092,0.0012452158,0.00013434238,0.0007260349,0.0002963356,0.00054377684,0.0012079856,0.001966722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012133383,0.000303413,0.00030298292,0.0002465973,0.00042577568,0.00022108582,0.00021947322,0.0025307871,0.00017108575],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021659012,0.00008133274,0.00022103809,0.0018760234,0.00014117477,0.0000067722963,0.0089619,4.4789694e-8,1.6012514e-8,0.0005850908,0.002083385,0.98604107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023154114,0.00005808302,0.0000011579804,0.003075654,0.0003489427,0.000011704894,0.0031993478,0.00003640511,3.295344e-8,0.00006856612,0.99261105,0.00035751463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035740816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009795789,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9905277,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022397854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013647672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107709547","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.3570","title":"Innovative pedagogies in engineering education – preliminary findings from the teaching practices of American and Canadian educators","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Ottawa","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Implementation; Key (lock); Engineering education; Engineering ethics; Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Engineering; Psychology; Computer science; Engineering management; Software engineering","score_opus":0.017576010178669093,"score_gpt":0.277064321914113,"score_spread":0.2594883117354439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2107709547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98449165,0.000207529,0.0000022058439,0.006639878,0.00070555956,0.0003784783,0.000014859369,0.000027683518,0.0075321714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977133,0.000031701067,0.0014504382,0.00023192052,0.00015349056,0.00006025961,0.00000669616,0.000020719614,0.00033144173],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998823,0.00006474701,0.00029910664,0.00019636136,0.00026314156,0.00035368485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99813575,0.0004135826,0.0007202656,0.00009083835,0.0004525363,0.00018700914],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019461538,0.00013731868,0.00017131346,0.0005098722,0.0004772703,0.00009804276,0.0003935576,0.00011552668,0.00002091776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010947396,0.00012850505,0.000036225865,0.0010748557,0.00007328161,0.0005044099,0.000027560951,0.0005774156,0.0000012590612],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000039524634,0.00004583659,0.84381056,0.00007692457,0.000043348362,3.8972157e-8,0.13294905,0.000030707015,0.00026928238,0.016484872,0.0024778894,0.003807526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000666617,0.00002451813,0.9193598,0.00030474065,0.000033236713,6.1605306e-7,0.059427284,0.00012147283,0.00036510947,0.00022250439,0.019875484,0.00019854619],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9284881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.64032614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2881619,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001809945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005370318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99738383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108474849","doi":"10.7771/1541-5015.1046","title":"When is PBL More Effective? A Meta-synthesis of Meta-analyses Comparing PBL to Conventional Classrooms","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1015,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Meta-analysis; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medical education; Medicine","score_opus":0.11236605292400463,"score_gpt":0.4173923997687314,"score_spread":0.30502634684472674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2108474849","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6481733,0.012476093,0.17928833,0.11412218,0.0010771783,0.004481223,0.00009104843,0.00048735,0.039803352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97838795,0.000011157201,0.02020143,0.00038415816,0.00022078665,0.00010056891,0.000004571715,0.000036542362,0.0006528135],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","domain_scores_codex":[0.99353397,0.0022761922,0.0015982796,0.0004840212,0.0014355873,0.0006719768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948608,0.0016401627,0.0019364067,0.00028226138,0.00089379115,0.00038656176],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0068402966,0.00046082932,0.001979786,0.0010308952,0.0010164056,0.00018989855,0.0009056797,0.0001955011,0.0037277176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009354158,0.0003560707,0.002110778,0.00083928794,0.0002857988,0.0006987568,0.0002178157,0.0012028154,0.000032198106],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.006049901,0.0032782385,0.024977544,0.0011204681,0.07828899,0.000606429,0.18446001,0.4853673,0.047237087,0.0046139304,0.016572542,0.14742757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01650922,0.029593322,0.031210713,0.008733802,0.23729724,0.0005490256,0.073960714,0.013219333,0.2240934,0.118443504,0.23728487,0.009104849],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021767392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008087981,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47214794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027405354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00050354964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111925343","doi":"10.7771/1541-5015.1086","title":"Problem-Oriented Approaches in the Context of Health Care Education: Perspectives and Lessons","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Context (archaeology); Thematic analysis; Curriculum; Autonomy; Health care; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Medicine; Qualitative research; Political science; Sociology","score_opus":0.035554388269399245,"score_gpt":0.36504442294073614,"score_spread":0.32949003467133686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2111925343","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6507371,0.053084265,0.0068868976,0.24680774,0.000421545,0.0026365714,0.000010684121,0.00010518339,0.039310034],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940381,0.00011336022,0.0053558922,0.00023298261,0.00014910343,0.000014213644,0.00000648385,0.000013459346,0.00007641945],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959881,0.001984338,0.00084603456,0.00025902665,0.00052809226,0.0003944565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99789536,0.0003483778,0.001118513,0.00014397106,0.00038389416,0.00010985699],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0047040456,0.00019339478,0.000445232,0.00045847686,0.0009693811,0.000097611766,0.00042388518,0.00010070274,0.000028961706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020472697,0.00014690273,0.00013844116,0.000651335,0.00033837603,0.0004125865,0.000064344626,0.0010358833,0.0000010132583],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019890587,0.0005103623,0.006261898,0.00016901318,0.000026100859,0.00000981088,0.7049766,0.0013491362,0.000117072654,0.02234159,0.00024063869,0.26379886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010909435,0.0023275518,0.006608132,0.0015396951,0.00003486301,0.000043514978,0.9750271,0.000052303865,0.00009620184,0.0031235467,0.009811373,0.00024477998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026282025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029826173,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.343301,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028623606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020286094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74557936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112226669","doi":"10.3138/jvme.33.2.294","title":"Promoting Science-Based Careers through Student-Directed Learning","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Teamwork; Medical education; Autodidacticism; Career development; Psychology; Service-learning; Graduate students; Pedagogy; Medicine; Management","score_opus":0.128565125309908,"score_gpt":0.4875309201857458,"score_spread":0.3589657948758378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2112226669","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0012222973,0.9882822,0.000072717405,0.0006346202,0.0028630218,0.00044204397,8.081146e-7,0.00008174638,0.00640056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0028778648,0.9923483,0.0015779025,0.00013630923,0.0025886751,0.000030408963,0.000022231923,0.000041535677,0.00037678657],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9937127,0.0017332901,0.0011163605,0.0003063417,0.0026179808,0.00051329215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964826,0.00051510124,0.0017804158,0.00015308414,0.00065137487,0.00041740487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007588252,0.00026476232,0.0009205245,0.00057561207,0.0009704956,0.00023111771,0.0010945213,0.0003717422,0.00036368717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0063232062,0.00021693294,0.00039075414,0.0015772366,0.0006424519,0.00056692254,0.00007746239,0.0016350765,0.000013401478],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007083967,0.00025134362,0.00006073734,0.001843969,0.000028546056,0.000046936257,0.0061973957,0.0000036019205,0.000001434737,0.00006745737,0.00064614427,0.9908453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016897389,0.0004510395,0.0000225449,0.016147656,0.00019731224,0.00013827061,0.0013077831,0.00001727911,3.6364005e-7,0.000029879107,0.98130304,0.00021586932],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042801278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018717756,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9906295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001053175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.042499427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9629287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112747971","doi":"10.11120/ened.2011.06010062","title":"A cognitive apprenticeship approach to engineering education: the role of learning styles","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Apprenticeship; Cognitive apprenticeship; Engineering education; Curriculum; Mathematics education; TUTOR; Cognitive style; Learning styles; Active learning (machine learning); Cognition; Teaching method; Computer science; Engineering; Pedagogy; Psychology; Engineering management; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.018682989450297685,"score_gpt":0.2628189429253656,"score_spread":0.24413595347506795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2112747971","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6172778,0.0035974702,0.034580525,0.00032038114,0.0017500987,0.0016051395,0.0000028704246,0.0005303434,0.34033534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99263597,0.0000146206885,0.006171972,0.000023092183,0.00034159684,0.0001815701,0.000009468706,0.000018722832,0.0006029616],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992034,0.00008159575,0.00015383429,0.00016203008,0.00018335108,0.00021580404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994445,0.0001450394,0.00007489701,0.000110747795,0.00013292226,0.00009191369],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061946624,0.00010084713,0.00009577768,0.00015964682,0.0001784276,0.000042403935,0.00020919665,0.000057688772,0.000046789086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00071529316,0.00009512037,0.000040458726,0.0004944155,0.00002593699,0.0001721913,0.000025086094,0.00021673222,0.000018224311],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033433218,0.0008718415,0.020533439,0.0004945769,0.00011290853,1.249192e-7,0.52025473,0.011082091,0.0028869319,0.28635886,0.00029699085,0.15707408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046126798,0.00026777384,0.07864613,0.001870528,0.00029525592,0.000010474897,0.56315786,0.015313104,0.01539682,0.0012834637,0.32160157,0.001695768],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008115069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008274157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37535816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056948455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004962149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3878896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113160593","doi":"10.5539/hes.v4n6p31","title":"Interest in Subject Matter: The Mathematics Predicament","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Subject matter; Mathematics education; Subject (documents); Content analysis; Psychology; Variance (accounting); Pedagogy; Computer science; Curriculum; Sociology; Social science","score_opus":0.09690026023372676,"score_gpt":0.3916051409344191,"score_spread":0.29470488070069234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113160593","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8061143,0.003008832,0.000043287982,0.06525751,0.0022204064,0.00037852043,6.551491e-7,0.0000741175,0.12290236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98755324,0.00015686563,0.00028941195,0.0014144771,0.0003015022,0.00010975616,8.2126866e-7,0.000005452578,0.010168455],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992378,0.00024371441,0.00014880566,0.00010427666,0.00011662446,0.00014882156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993609,0.00035153283,0.00007278736,0.00012150625,0.00006957581,0.00002365534],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00095766294,0.00006105002,0.000096302545,0.000050181356,0.00028963637,0.000045693312,0.00014481525,0.000021395212,0.0002322831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008536754,0.000040609517,0.000021757598,0.00019214263,0.00014981131,0.00006737442,0.00003741001,0.000092385635,0.00020761442],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000069099046,0.00036384392,0.11180222,0.00014915456,0.00006994291,2.9833814e-7,0.18863413,0.0000085504425,0.000031329073,0.5655022,0.12424086,0.009190565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009617789,0.000019482239,0.061948158,0.00012902496,0.000014609849,3.2261008e-7,0.05537293,0.0000034319532,0.000016324602,0.011130062,0.87116927,0.000100222125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048682152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00053263083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7469284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000084606865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000096369746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26685324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113497049","doi":"10.2190/meve-wb1f-eyb2-y1h1","title":"Learning-To-Communicate and Communicating-To-Learn in Veterinary Medicine: A Survey of Writing, Speaking, and Reading in Veterinary Medical Curricula","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Technical Writing and Communication","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Auburn University","keywords":"Curriculum; Reading (process); Veterinary education; Medical education; Veterinary medicine; Medicine; Communication skills; Psychology; Pedagogy; Political science","score_opus":0.0494774885194526,"score_gpt":0.38067485791152605,"score_spread":0.33119736939207345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113497049","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846741,0.0040919883,0.000016160482,0.0054022386,0.000010176011,0.00018540706,9.38349e-7,0.000028354401,0.005590613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802375,0.015441597,0.0040372177,0.00020442915,0.000028181892,0.000009236757,0.0000038739377,0.000016389957,0.000021579783],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9939393,0.0039502997,0.001152676,0.00019293788,0.000455888,0.0003089005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99574643,0.0029628377,0.0004503188,0.00042382898,0.00016055608,0.00025602232],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.017369946,0.00015382517,0.00052722247,0.00033899772,0.00041158922,0.0000600409,0.0009054381,0.00020793207,0.000042841923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050840136,0.00014859912,0.000035231245,0.0007419368,0.00060242956,0.0002227713,0.00061021815,0.0015569824,9.105042e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004320645,0.00023993185,0.24893166,0.00013334915,0.000019093095,0.000042047544,0.024512963,0.000088787856,0.002467865,0.00079731864,0.00007486614,0.72226006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002045416,0.002844472,0.9541506,0.01141732,0.000030124944,0.0004572774,0.012094486,0.0012995972,0.00001180442,0.0006838481,0.014495649,0.00046936498],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008578233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013974281,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7217907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000083789266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008698481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99802375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116388963","doi":"10.1080/01421590701509712","title":"Prospective comparison of student-generated learning issues and resources accessed in a problem-based learning course","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; Psychosocial; Experiential learning; Active learning (machine learning); Mathematics education; Medicine; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.03448097727192264,"score_gpt":0.411723774456139,"score_spread":0.3772427971842164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116388963","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810974,0.0015793873,0.00037416432,0.0011878475,0.00004652796,0.00037500594,1.5453189e-7,0.00013193635,0.015207566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99740547,0.00004074263,0.000437025,0.000042441905,0.00016652099,0.000018881725,0.000004577587,0.000018758232,0.001865572],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965709,0.0010697263,0.0004690891,0.000329016,0.0010670694,0.0004942338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990694,0.00029325817,0.0002250587,0.000080162594,0.00010852123,0.00022361922],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0074657085,0.00015101711,0.00038690082,0.00016865514,0.0003856658,0.000070258466,0.00026529373,0.00026821543,0.0007541645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015469645,0.00013670034,0.00004085293,0.000648993,0.00048111458,0.00012648269,0.00006606851,0.0011984824,0.000006102771],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006551142,0.00028599927,0.92176414,0.000031119398,0.00002003413,0.000014761413,0.061705668,0.0003156888,0.00012468942,0.0002232724,0.00006645309,0.015382684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005301205,0.001032987,0.76763785,0.0009628912,0.00008859395,0.000001715036,0.10377442,0.014606828,0.0011322801,0.0003462824,0.10425152,0.0008634416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035952616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033469535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15412629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008619242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027496123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8257572},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116854431","doi":"10.1002/j.0022-0337.2006.70.4.tb04093.x","title":"Application of an Interactive Computer Program to Manage a Problem‐Based Dental Curriculum","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of Hong Kong","keywords":"Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Adaptation (eye); Multidisciplinary approach; Computer science; Process (computing); Medical education; Medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Sociology","score_opus":0.0055834840603178745,"score_gpt":0.3384200911815415,"score_spread":0.3328366071212236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116854431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9829795,0.000039091483,0.01161653,0.00045649757,0.00049555977,0.000704869,0.0000018160774,0.000025175612,0.0036810036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96766794,0.0000014349544,0.031528007,0.00009424181,0.0005288481,0.000032461903,0.000015078671,0.000007440884,0.00012452155],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892354,0.00016519557,0.0003320852,0.00010923931,0.00033605655,0.00013389431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905777,0.000029368795,0.00048336395,0.00006960884,0.00026354525,0.00009635923],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049210445,0.00007184934,0.00012019453,0.00023613106,0.00012088898,0.000078691075,0.00019467107,0.00004509753,0.000036477584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021433623,0.00006812034,0.00007285101,0.00038370016,0.00004489223,0.00051073864,0.000014956463,0.00013185895,0.000014494434],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014256913,0.0055771265,0.10358884,0.00008376039,0.000032579865,0.000004275681,0.009806181,0.0015293681,0.003452124,0.002527196,0.0022647413,0.87099123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006217123,0.0127527015,0.4488458,0.002376171,0.00058933493,0.00030910547,0.14075918,0.032578245,0.021544646,0.009079573,0.3227681,0.0021800143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037899564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00082373404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86881125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022546382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028222066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5729306},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117490110","doi":"10.7771/1541-5015.1324","title":"Drugs, Devices, and Desires: A Problem-based Learning Course in the History of Medicine","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Archivist; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Course (navigation); Component (thermodynamics); Psychology; Mathematics education; Computer science; Medicine; Engineering; Library science","score_opus":0.021763637443824806,"score_gpt":0.3132540249446637,"score_spread":0.2914903875008389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117490110","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81205595,0.029336903,0.014929921,0.08188058,0.0015898803,0.004278892,0.0000045983365,0.0003087622,0.055614535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99335474,0.00008695235,0.0049954453,0.00037977484,0.0002795723,0.00005457503,0.0000075600196,0.00004799499,0.0007934009],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99312323,0.0031737366,0.0014438529,0.00038113512,0.0011643942,0.0007136766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951203,0.0018527412,0.0019214092,0.00022686718,0.0006364876,0.00024218774],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010224215,0.00036937554,0.0007410384,0.0007432267,0.0007426032,0.00010276463,0.00086507574,0.00022834347,0.00067607476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006360484,0.0002682525,0.00019318842,0.00071683107,0.0012570011,0.00076644873,0.00015362688,0.0022599837,0.000012994217],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012668708,0.0012764152,0.22289199,0.0020777758,0.00031567807,0.00037588598,0.49324337,0.10104839,0.006477019,0.0032120554,0.012937456,0.15487708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.028746234,0.023124428,0.058227826,0.034946527,0.0014124322,0.0004104375,0.3795507,0.02531886,0.0005986231,0.02230335,0.42131165,0.004048944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017593792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041553733,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4083742,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056809786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019192655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118271481","doi":"10.1503/cmaj.071590","title":"Problem-based learning makes a difference. But why?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Canadian Medical Association Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Data science; Observer (physics); Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Psychology","score_opus":0.015049274488808138,"score_gpt":0.26381679646599765,"score_spread":0.24876752197718952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2118271481","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002931947,0.00037789127,0.0008566026,0.9477732,0.0014907211,0.00027058192,0.000028635324,0.00010958433,0.048799586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0013252595,0.00021301927,0.000440804,0.9448395,0.023409225,0.000019113888,0.00010539047,0.000065275024,0.029582432],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9902769,0.0021252453,0.0007384816,0.00037666387,0.0045870845,0.0018956707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950082,0.0012823925,0.000856499,0.0001268962,0.00082632137,0.0018996953],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.009526316,0.0003347171,0.0005073581,0.00082530524,0.0024282713,0.0007147994,0.0008308971,0.0037284843,0.011457653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0069426745,0.00033388255,0.00030772254,0.0005871846,0.00019655509,0.00015240538,0.000019781655,0.013366357,0.0003365667],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036839674,0.0000075048906,0.00789423,0.000028823326,0.00006558021,0.0017632201,0.001061537,0.000006190093,8.5052244e-7,0.00009381623,0.95501935,0.034055192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038828346,0.000060487007,0.0003773383,0.00032659553,0.00004264904,0.000035903755,0.0005147391,0.00006135389,8.0502105e-7,0.00031446302,0.99747497,0.00040241756],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07182646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.15242714,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08060068,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003751419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.023224954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120526347","doi":"10.1023/a:1014534712178","title":"A Comparison of Problem-Based and Conventional Curricula in Nursing Education","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Graduation (instrument); Curriculum; CLARITY; Workload; Nursing; Medicine; Medical education; Nurse education; Psychology; Health care; Problem-based learning; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.037949692159213455,"score_gpt":0.47270514252085943,"score_spread":0.434755450361646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120526347","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6624395,0.16262169,0.0015600463,0.030587085,0.0028991047,0.0027624015,0.000003429834,0.00008256954,0.13704418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876351,0.0012993362,0.010638154,0.00022852738,0.000056943973,0.0000648107,0.0000039580677,0.000002783365,0.00007040269],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839425,0.00035826975,0.00042790768,0.00024359503,0.00030838777,0.00026757314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992726,0.00020078997,0.0003204879,0.00005972339,0.00006995534,0.00007648108],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017082241,0.000067217916,0.00015091036,0.00037427546,0.0003492695,0.000030684467,0.00013787915,0.000039553757,0.000069014466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018468453,0.00006999643,0.000015032084,0.0012049882,0.0005870636,0.00063901267,0.000005652876,0.00012110912,0.0000021465414],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032042708,0.0006521676,0.45771787,0.00014104943,1.7271375e-7,1.7603886e-8,0.012126183,0.0012400283,0.0000046101977,0.055581417,0.00012363381,0.47240964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00232434,0.0016784582,0.275654,0.021786101,0.00001679238,0.0000071451286,0.19339958,0.071851544,0.0002362907,0.2297441,0.20189492,0.0014067185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025993197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016592812,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47100294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023370345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017015295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39294112},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123300663","doi":"10.1187/cbe.12-06-0081","title":"Improvement in Generic Problem-Solving Abilities of Students by Use of Tutor-less Problem-Based Learning in a Large Classroom Setting","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CBE—Life Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Problem-based learning; Attendance; Mathematics education; Class (philosophy); Test (biology); Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.024366791133211208,"score_gpt":0.31970467985287354,"score_spread":0.2953378887196623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123300663","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958977,0.00033901108,0.00023352614,0.0008030629,0.0001799802,0.0011672736,0.0000041612543,0.00003416585,0.0013411168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99340117,0.000049151346,0.0056832666,0.0001762871,0.000043992848,0.00024097304,0.00001100004,0.000011210047,0.00038293144],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99668795,0.0006742859,0.0007442469,0.00044169137,0.000845186,0.0006066594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998465,0.0004337972,0.0005846863,0.00015295837,0.00025107365,0.00011247586],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0046804175,0.00015932015,0.000273634,0.0004700422,0.00040554508,0.00018568106,0.0005340359,0.00010365442,0.00009749071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009198108,0.00015429671,0.000053743188,0.0015648154,0.00041196457,0.0011062163,0.00008989571,0.00025862842,0.000003788684],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006350712,0.0004453042,0.9481217,0.00018709055,0.0000042065744,7.6621674e-8,0.025395436,0.0029191633,0.00716218,0.0007555024,0.00025438532,0.014748588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026690706,0.0013034582,0.5573875,0.0028312288,0.00004275619,5.330088e-7,0.39652824,0.014212005,0.0076290546,0.003773027,0.012120686,0.0015024793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025918432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022167994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39073426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002895239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027787078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98056805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129361382","doi":"10.1109/iccgi.2009.52","title":"A Collaborative, Online, Problem-Based Simulation Platform (COMPSoft) for Medical Education","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université TÉLUQ; Université du Québec à Montréal; Simon Fraser University","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Computer science; Work (physics); Test (biology); Problem-based learning; Software; Multimedia; Medical education; Mathematics education; Software engineering; Engineering; Psychology; Medicine","score_opus":0.0232721308131766,"score_gpt":0.3869239953339144,"score_spread":0.36365186452073783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129361382","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09834448,0.0007902887,0.34126157,0.1150592,0.0011403224,0.008150554,0.000056256646,0.0017471223,0.43345022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9565059,0.000011057661,0.036863975,0.0045513753,0.00035998726,0.000046124416,0.00010147692,0.000007764209,0.0015523717],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988372,0.00008608831,0.00021852048,0.00018642917,0.00041872667,0.00025306235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892807,0.00039971463,0.000093243994,0.0000823568,0.000337303,0.00015930204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008549561,0.000088901725,0.00011527099,0.00009942998,0.00048562652,0.00007698516,0.00015816341,0.0001436652,0.0004444636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001112869,0.00007974933,0.000045565874,0.00050041574,0.00005871825,0.00027553484,0.0000048547536,0.0001074077,0.00001086575],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019998908,0.0010137935,0.0018564815,0.0000467897,0.000013859419,7.260118e-7,0.006847563,0.011460432,0.00006045279,0.24616852,0.009741269,0.72259015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00172443,0.0005226869,0.0020357526,0.00015543366,0.000026342323,2.765263e-7,0.0038883793,0.14889486,0.000120752935,0.034554232,0.80763006,0.00044678844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003287265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018385289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8581614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010065099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0042143306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74760413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132587314","doi":"10.1080/01421590500069728","title":"Becoming a tutor: exploring the learning experiences and needs of novice tutors in a PBL programme","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"TUTOR; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medicine","score_opus":0.07063704123046759,"score_gpt":0.3378460365411244,"score_spread":0.2672089953106568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2132587314","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98342955,0.00055237376,0.00007333898,0.00392797,0.00008238831,0.0001488651,3.333413e-8,0.000057608475,0.011727889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982155,0.00008380405,0.0001479234,0.00011324099,0.00032896103,0.000118340184,3.3339097e-7,0.000008113479,0.0009837929],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981764,0.00051479513,0.00024538112,0.00013296623,0.00053991616,0.00039053068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994341,0.0002501579,0.00007392027,0.00007659683,0.000019205196,0.00014602536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038408882,0.000087245586,0.00016191615,0.00010106124,0.000307729,0.00004962397,0.0002506527,0.00009134978,0.0006578749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019647703,0.000061847095,0.00003647775,0.0004715962,0.00045964855,0.0002449288,0.00007279935,0.0005488849,0.000005830838],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007271263,0.00004342122,0.08586566,0.000009911482,0.0000057604393,0.0000021309859,0.6133569,0.000011474378,0.000010129925,0.0009621786,0.000021457743,0.29970375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004933162,0.00007236651,0.0019094256,0.00015907802,0.000008985864,0.0000026053838,0.67503643,0.0023515504,0.00004269453,0.00006676412,0.3196821,0.00017467292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035653247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012452217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31966063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005439326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019100842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7203269},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2132975207","doi":"10.1002/chp.1340200305","title":"Evaluation of a problem-based learning workshop using pre- and post-test objective structured clinical examinations and standardized patients","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Merck Canada Inc. (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Osteoporosis; Facilitator; Physical therapy; Test (biology); Intervention (counseling); Family medicine; Internal medicine; Psychology; Nursing","score_opus":0.04769130930245198,"score_gpt":0.4667937543159781,"score_spread":0.4191024450135261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2132975207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99539804,0.0007131907,0.00015554964,0.0021961725,0.0002431953,0.00097113097,0.0000033826939,0.0000061992664,0.0003131171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962867,0.00018648311,0.00312063,0.00016439395,0.000110718924,0.000013770455,0.0000037381187,0.0000074673685,0.00010613686],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9919698,0.0062032263,0.0008039031,0.00012383478,0.0007109606,0.00018826468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952373,0.0019881171,0.0010970214,0.00007890286,0.0015028468,0.00009582383],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.019519161,0.000081436134,0.0002500178,0.00021332443,0.0006288666,0.000048281232,0.00011330888,0.00009751065,0.000047584177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0063112164,0.000060542396,0.000041524236,0.00037096295,0.00014844774,0.0002720739,0.000011316679,0.00061123644,1.2349871e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009927315,0.00027821466,0.20030048,0.00005011597,0.000010883517,7.923535e-8,0.16574945,0.00032380913,0.000038962735,0.00009956709,0.000058664176,0.6329905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020903347,0.00043510427,0.91635317,0.002163356,0.00010750665,0.0000025991696,0.07573489,0.0009187987,0.000005609074,0.001234447,0.0008540154,0.00010020252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037679236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031386543,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71605265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019149452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0050777285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90076727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134454469","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2003.11.013","title":"Introducing a technology-enabled problem-based learning approach into a health informatics curriculum","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","keywords":"Medical education; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Graduation (instrument); Health informatics; Informatics; Feeling; Medicine; Computer science; Psychology; Public health; Pedagogy; Nursing","score_opus":0.011125752035853953,"score_gpt":0.3261572382475738,"score_spread":0.31503148621171984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2134454469","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06257199,0.00035201595,0.8720381,0.05473703,0.0011772863,0.0004279165,0.0000019382874,0.00020921556,0.008484505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.42447335,0.00074803765,0.570118,0.0035841526,0.000968353,0.0000147681185,0.000022639519,0.000021020278,0.00004964628],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99408054,0.00016379102,0.0019282298,0.00007189786,0.003304221,0.00045132425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965493,0.00012086425,0.0018396608,0.00011642878,0.0009705833,0.00040313954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0080349045,0.00016784226,0.00036633314,0.0008979815,0.00046400973,0.00025871216,0.0014104694,0.00025559656,0.00008816546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003281218,0.00013956171,0.00014019817,0.0007428818,0.0003184538,0.0009699048,0.00015166953,0.0016734465,0.000028910319],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009958014,0.0008280062,0.005422497,0.0006166299,0.00043694317,0.000061877625,0.24651766,0.217271,0.00001170951,0.0648486,0.0032635522,0.46062195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010136469,0.0013487305,0.000056426412,0.004435696,0.00007174447,0.00057633314,0.15441227,0.10156968,0.00015413748,0.017991185,0.7083607,0.000886666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00059117086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000647458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70509714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00076209864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004495092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7974101},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135226481","doi":"10.3138/jvme.38.3.305","title":"Confidence as a Barrier to the Use of Problem-Based Learning in Veterinary Undergraduate Students","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Overconfidence effect; Significant difference; Perception; Medical education; Psychology; Veterinary education; Veterinary medicine; Medicine; Pedagogy; Internal medicine; Social psychology; Curriculum","score_opus":0.16234092761295424,"score_gpt":0.423098561832835,"score_spread":0.26075763421988074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2135226481","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913359,0.00012825982,0.00091009634,0.0060347426,0.00054015074,0.0002535253,3.399313e-7,0.000010141999,0.00078683434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957158,0.0001210147,0.0027037216,0.000995691,0.00014180392,0.000016996364,7.369282e-7,0.000009239035,0.00029502905],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969676,0.0011383771,0.00052750536,0.00012347368,0.0010196974,0.00022334147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986212,0.00034003175,0.00040383046,0.00011448184,0.00023733742,0.0002830925],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032861733,0.00009241844,0.00018750518,0.00022516465,0.00017341565,0.00004603442,0.0005302858,0.00009239791,0.0004425294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003827059,0.00006970253,0.00007179956,0.0004003556,0.00016052376,0.00035928912,0.000063996056,0.0004941201,0.000013266149],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.005629704,0.00499003,0.21853234,0.00052340695,0.00021606285,0.0008502373,0.33313933,0.0018293012,0.0070360624,0.008464776,0.006081771,0.412707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021294204,0.014371798,0.12128789,0.004642163,0.00008975183,0.00046224342,0.016808802,0.00034509387,0.000275501,0.0046017505,0.83441323,0.0005723852],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021961704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010052022,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8283314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000116201256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003288089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5832929},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139037973","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.5883","title":"MAKING CONNECTIONS WITH CASE STUDIES: A STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Class (philosophy); Perspective (graphical); Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Computer science; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Political science","score_opus":0.04309396042480446,"score_gpt":0.3446816546000613,"score_spread":0.3015876941752568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2139037973","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81172675,0.00092787924,0.000039082384,0.040865187,0.0035003966,0.0015228573,0.000021961268,0.00032468027,0.1410712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960825,0.000008079711,0.00065442413,0.00021819926,0.0002623799,0.00006596397,6.354499e-7,0.000017024837,0.0026907874],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998971,0.000025583784,0.00015592435,0.0001615003,0.00039466654,0.00029133682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973211,0.00009895061,0.00027189145,0.00005849003,0.0020432703,0.00020625188],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001217128,0.000101258505,0.00013200103,0.00023931473,0.0006293851,0.00013557146,0.00019049516,0.00008917275,0.000012456073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0039137774,0.00009185707,0.00004370568,0.000807318,0.00004661093,0.00029850405,0.000018987565,0.00021432375,0.0000051093853],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009316178,0.00011417615,0.18925515,0.000120134384,0.00051124336,0.0000051196967,0.44401658,0.002011143,0.00005549438,0.32621637,0.03708461,0.00060066924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068610476,0.00010738334,0.011900966,0.00047402945,0.0002484477,0.000105152765,0.8114628,0.00032024636,0.00012110689,0.0022053774,0.17173937,0.00062898686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06836059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.18169403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36744624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0069544706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002660819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99685764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139499599","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00749.x","title":"Effectiveness of problem‐based learning curricula: theory, practice and paper darts","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":712,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Blame; Curriculum; Psychological intervention; Cognition; Psychology; Epistemology; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.005508677090451634,"score_gpt":0.3318955484487536,"score_spread":0.32638687135830197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2139499599","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6023736,0.0032013156,0.0023716479,0.02097957,0.000555705,0.0012925178,9.823902e-7,0.00021191528,0.36901274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99739873,0.0001667456,0.0009264889,0.00079037494,0.00010849043,0.000049056507,0.0000093474,0.000007233353,0.0005435532],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968503,0.0022383637,0.00014161477,0.00016384441,0.00044578212,0.00016009764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983475,0.0012921548,0.0000769194,0.00006836356,0.00010820669,0.00010681987],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0056165042,0.000063374886,0.000106527514,0.000043630014,0.00028411456,0.000027544907,0.00009034909,0.00010270901,0.002679765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0056105377,0.000055255518,0.000023743387,0.0002418776,0.00023683801,0.00026164326,0.00000857709,0.00023630138,0.00001950912],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013211966,0.0004092303,0.0064645433,0.00022153702,0.0000136752005,0.0000015985388,0.00930464,0.00007061059,0.00011593774,0.028111167,0.00052234234,0.9546326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007142001,0.00020238901,0.011910771,0.0010350455,0.00006843184,0.000006338497,0.0036876588,0.0001995003,0.0002036825,0.0077555845,0.9739831,0.00023326973],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013353644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024640683,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9734608,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037832164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014216204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99823195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139905037","doi":"10.1002/tl.332","title":"Knowledge is no longer enough: Enhancing professional education with team‐based learning","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Directions for Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Professional development; Professional learning community; Team-based learning; Team teaching; Psychology; Order (exchange); Pedagogy; Engineering ethics; Medical education; Teaching method; Business; Engineering; Medicine","score_opus":0.01935213984271787,"score_gpt":0.3287808258798449,"score_spread":0.30942868603712703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2139905037","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6247709,0.0030728416,0.056077506,0.0032356028,0.002263255,0.0015773026,0.0000029956557,0.0018136917,0.30718592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7699432,0.00006798883,0.026735434,0.00020507617,0.0010642369,0.00010083636,0.000023723533,0.000046606176,0.20181292],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99759316,0.0010609216,0.00022098918,0.00042083717,0.0002537901,0.0004502712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844563,0.00088156725,0.00017525718,0.00010140909,0.00018647184,0.00020964796],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020122016,0.00019502349,0.00020958966,0.00025716276,0.010671587,0.00011146941,0.00010861733,0.00015041689,0.00015018298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018239769,0.00018183711,0.000083530256,0.0003192158,0.00015490304,0.00037317805,0.00002314307,0.0016768745,0.00004010764],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017614992,0.0003814263,0.031281896,0.0001467164,0.000074816606,0.0000016903365,0.3385517,0.0014236775,0.0014000159,0.0016671928,0.01290022,0.6119945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048294084,0.00022800356,0.0009181622,0.00030442176,0.0000351355,0.000009805832,0.012886173,0.000912916,0.00013023039,0.00003144493,0.9837732,0.00028760542],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038294198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005090402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97087294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001388979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017071388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9906164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140697347","doi":"10.1080/13664530802259206","title":"Problem‐Based Learning: a framework for prospective teachers’ pedagogical problem solving","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teacher Development","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Pedagogy; Teacher education; Psychology; Teaching method; Mastery learning","score_opus":0.1142413031360757,"score_gpt":0.36183852046738285,"score_spread":0.24759721733130716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2140697347","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39694145,0.0009867989,0.4026608,0.006713633,0.00044903829,0.009410631,0.0000039243478,0.0031517884,0.17968193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5699066,0.000016735356,0.4108192,0.00019745789,0.00027505218,0.0008139693,0.000016253513,0.00005280081,0.017901937],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966467,0.0004478047,0.0004808216,0.0006767933,0.00072525634,0.0010226014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987168,0.0003691642,0.00024734496,0.00017858487,0.00021536212,0.00027278255],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026998373,0.00032505795,0.00036005687,0.00015878928,0.002770015,0.000115857496,0.0004073473,0.0003608069,0.0005493795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00084943284,0.000308598,0.00014365622,0.00047293957,0.00027998764,0.00023560198,0.00007943877,0.0009866662,0.00011343207],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013120257,0.00051570707,0.23784906,0.00008926205,0.00011239292,0.000021223414,0.6974069,0.00030183553,0.00012050248,0.017194297,0.0020876124,0.044170022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015136093,0.00030010697,0.023508998,0.00029015,0.00003717117,0.0000064932933,0.014314402,0.00012395813,0.0005819276,0.012142414,0.9460789,0.0011018697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031417175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015426359,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9439913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006918726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023576806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142370391","doi":"10.3109/01421590903200789","title":"Problem-based learning in pre-clinical medical education: 22 years of outcome research","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"PsycINFO; Internship; MEDLINE; Medical education; Critical appraisal; Educational measurement; Medicine; Problem-based learning; Outcome (game theory); Inclusion (mineral); Evidence-based medicine; Psychology; Alternative medicine; Curriculum; Pathology; Social psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.22761278209780111,"score_gpt":0.5684447768341407,"score_spread":0.3408319947363396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2142370391","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00029488315,0.9438116,0.000029542944,0.0026473317,0.00095255947,0.0013657175,0.0000012126052,0.00012666518,0.05077051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00031534,0.9805072,0.00056459947,0.00017593373,0.0019920026,0.00033601173,0.000053760963,0.000075195385,0.015979975],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98089236,0.010994455,0.0019979887,0.0007158169,0.0045216586,0.0008777217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950125,0.0028745295,0.0004992081,0.000452072,0.00019848387,0.0009631569],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.05833105,0.00027851635,0.0017571477,0.0005800389,0.00024095544,0.00005682272,0.0016929272,0.003012866,0.022814292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06933896,0.00024216513,0.0004977548,0.0014782057,0.0017931822,0.00008387498,0.0002591842,0.012606468,0.0002707995],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006320121,0.00048186263,0.014280062,0.0018336618,0.000018218392,0.000027679258,0.0010730602,1.7552607e-7,3.295095e-9,0.0007053366,0.0027787518,0.9787949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030203076,0.000082431165,0.00018276906,0.008882317,0.00004861575,0.0000028797976,0.00011494654,0.000038739898,7.1723605e-9,0.00016977075,0.9899366,0.00023890244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038377037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020104854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9871578,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022743021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.029215906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982814},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143009543","doi":"10.5539/gjhs.v7n4p295","title":"The Effects of Case-Based Team Learning on Students' Learning, Self Regulation and Self Direction","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Journal of Health Science","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Shiraz University; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","keywords":"Autodidacticism; Intervention (counseling); Psychology; Scale (ratio); Medical education; Team-based learning; Significant difference; Active learning (machine learning); Test (biology); Self-regulated learning; Medicine; Mathematics education; Nursing; Computer science","score_opus":0.015916643540877733,"score_gpt":0.3596807896055194,"score_spread":0.3437641460646417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143009543","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943484,0.001279931,0.00035484647,0.00091598596,0.0007099784,0.00026066456,1.883519e-7,0.000048761573,0.0020812105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987395,0.00026811875,0.0007645994,0.00008302319,0.00009526143,0.0000014408223,1.03111034e-7,0.0000033336282,0.00004466449],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966926,0.0010160727,0.00039213983,0.00015714546,0.0013690207,0.00037304623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99790275,0.00039459523,0.0008721304,0.00007675104,0.00046308775,0.00029069293],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013702385,0.00008509773,0.00017915311,0.00011300723,0.002198941,0.00017663866,0.0003006107,0.0000464131,0.0000011734567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001976292,0.00006112657,0.000038854345,0.0008735343,0.0003481079,0.00034345733,0.000038806396,0.00033792973,0.0000019549352],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021461555,0.00037856572,0.7747542,0.00018851779,0.000037907328,0.00006787236,0.024531422,0.012494239,0.0001431913,0.003452343,0.001018358,0.18271872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007613059,0.021267032,0.6672537,0.0022206851,0.00017393104,0.001827371,0.037656948,0.01019511,0.0009819289,0.0032493635,0.24664931,0.0009115818],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010446738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010899946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24563095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006371156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021994405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991001},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145616997","doi":"10.1145/1562877.1563001","title":"AARTIC","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Realization (probability); Human–computer interaction; Intelligent tutoring system; Learning environment; Multimedia; Software engineering; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.01966128721673548,"score_gpt":0.3455219000404388,"score_spread":0.3258606128237033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2145616997","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021437462,0.000058145368,0.00063429936,0.008566214,0.00004115892,0.000039252063,2.5806408e-8,0.00013114305,0.9690923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890494,0.000008567335,0.0005634831,0.0014456605,0.00007703317,4.883137e-7,1.0075985e-7,7.4976805e-7,0.008854555],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996685,0.0000473915,0.00003342709,0.0000455991,0.00008310659,0.00012199585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998919,0.000015427506,0.00000752199,0.000035333298,0.000011382305,0.000038452974],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028984243,0.000017623877,0.000023688013,0.000015749398,0.00019074992,0.000026068192,0.000053707186,0.000018382836,0.0008138609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000066826135,0.000015220868,0.000013142376,0.0001067614,0.000019524883,0.000075270815,0.0000020205216,0.000032457276,0.00023338565],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029833698,0.00002001549,0.0022458432,7.1547544e-7,0.0000013817902,0.0000024278856,0.007898216,0.0000066252983,0.0004264783,0.7027504,0.004669077,0.28197584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014766552,0.000078083736,0.010116064,0.000007906869,0.000003651727,3.497118e-7,0.0019674683,0.000052902422,0.00041205055,0.04945551,0.93762964,0.00012873363],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038426038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001378368,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9676119,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010548026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004575061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8911206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145936815","doi":"10.1503/cmaj.070565","title":"The effects of problem-based learning during medical school on physician competency: a systematic review","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Medical Association Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":654,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National University of Singapore","keywords":"CINAHL; PsycINFO; MEDLINE; Medical education; Systematic review; Medicine; Curriculum; Graduation (instrument); Competence (human resources); Cognition; Core competency; Thematic analysis; Inclusion (mineral); Psychology; Family medicine; Nursing; Social psychology; Qualitative research; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.011231936749443411,"score_gpt":0.3124371038880309,"score_spread":0.3012051671385875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2145936815","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000017417915,0.9867967,0.000019348025,0.004266507,0.0007128888,0.0016977164,0.000003679712,0.00003844693,0.0064629815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002008312,0.9933049,0.000024157314,0.0043926514,0.001414594,0.000107024134,0.000009849548,0.00004360452,0.00068311434],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98474467,0.0065840953,0.001813817,0.00028251842,0.0054767337,0.001098178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.986696,0.0070362566,0.0024836264,0.00021643248,0.00053018704,0.003037478],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.023428578,0.000360625,0.0020474517,0.00038522977,0.0022843275,0.000196505,0.0012146628,0.001071031,0.000707564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0873652,0.00024160743,0.0007762679,0.0010863089,0.00017937347,0.0000955113,0.000028569133,0.005053252,0.00020240842],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002551663,0.000036764515,0.000043800414,0.63344705,0.00047096013,0.0004325309,0.0003245064,9.385852e-7,2.0634191e-8,0.0014167549,0.0051080706,0.35871604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016317879,0.000042644693,0.0000023602954,0.44514534,0.00037207187,0.000017620127,0.00006345649,0.000003735075,5.022745e-8,0.000020389734,0.554013,0.00015612427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019224936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011689625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54890496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0030464032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.041477073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99901456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150811986","doi":"10.7771/1541-5015.1355","title":"Problem-based and Project-based Learning in Engineering and Medicine: Determinants of Students’ Engagement and Persistance","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Persistence (discontinuity); Curriculum; Student engagement; Medical education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medicine; Pedagogy; Engineering","score_opus":0.02789638947054022,"score_gpt":0.35382863876023907,"score_spread":0.3259322492896988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2150811986","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99178606,0.0033958917,0.0025771556,0.000964442,0.00014179514,0.00064820045,0.0000018625785,0.000053587886,0.0004310041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899563,0.00010302686,0.009569926,0.000050670795,0.00015628051,0.00003094846,0.0000031376946,0.000047539805,0.000082144135],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99571896,0.0012091439,0.0010966788,0.00036948945,0.0008462043,0.00075951766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972489,0.00100572,0.0010791345,0.00012859571,0.00023620094,0.00030143917],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009232305,0.0003691788,0.00073952385,0.0010015779,0.0007748896,0.00011403608,0.0003379342,0.00018427373,0.00004483249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068824633,0.0003335728,0.00009547271,0.0005902734,0.00047269696,0.0006526297,0.000249901,0.0014881748,7.206031e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046124353,0.00024643439,0.9274754,0.0012784791,0.00005206892,0.000058316597,0.041906875,0.01438202,0.0030558805,0.0001388679,0.000041387262,0.010903031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.053552985,0.029688641,0.5071164,0.07466511,0.0017893994,0.00040891618,0.18155003,0.07802792,0.010952824,0.0009316646,0.05464642,0.006669751],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002192764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013164073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42035905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020893334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045757712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151494265","doi":"10.21432/t2ds3s","title":"Authenticity in the process of learning about Instructional Design","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Instructional design; Pedagogy; Interpersonal communication; Experiential learning; Psychology; Cooperative learning; Teaching method; Social psychology","score_opus":0.012147873058998464,"score_gpt":0.2775914883462766,"score_spread":0.26544361528727817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151494265","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99411815,0.00031163765,0.00036877746,0.0028694267,0.00014757614,0.000066883724,2.8342026e-7,0.00001258938,0.002104656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989565,0.00003415043,0.00081534486,0.000011535227,0.00007028558,0.0000019204545,2.3906952e-7,0.0000052409537,0.000104793944],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897164,0.00031643405,0.00022576068,0.000083213214,0.00014813931,0.00025482796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992071,0.00019975912,0.00026157376,0.00004436005,0.0001855905,0.00010163173],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024217186,0.00006210351,0.00014479643,0.0006222154,0.00054529577,0.0000407105,0.00026474637,0.00019256271,0.00008643699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023786826,0.00005034627,0.000025900981,0.0006398306,0.000612957,0.000101021105,0.0000065753848,0.0017025233,0.0000011698589],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015121442,0.0000128902575,0.83841383,0.000021272417,0.000020517384,0.000057812365,0.027276583,0.00061834906,0.0007468901,0.03464777,0.000030608328,0.098138355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002633862,0.0017349707,0.056227833,0.00065161736,0.00012360013,0.001538656,0.2988634,0.0011523459,0.001890603,0.0824698,0.55188,0.0008333058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023954727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018332057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.782186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024429684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013835458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151947725","doi":"10.3109/0142159x.2013.849802","title":"The effectiveness of team-based learning on learning outcomes in health professions education: BEME Guide No. 30","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":303,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; The Canadian Association of Professional Academic Librarians; Misericordia Community Hospital; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Team-based learning; Medical education; Medicine; Significant difference; Protocol (science); Psychology; MEDLINE; Alternative medicine; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.0547566893579196,"score_gpt":0.44860789731996165,"score_spread":0.39385120796204204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151947725","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000063393265,0.92548805,0.000086394924,0.0019336614,0.0010343321,0.0027091182,8.029734e-7,0.0001412032,0.06854301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006244408,0.9512851,0.00011943063,0.00016401631,0.0005103138,0.0011292811,0.000047226426,0.00007527143,0.046044882],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9757827,0.020921096,0.0009934198,0.00043971455,0.0012080041,0.00065509655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9928625,0.0056210016,0.0007567162,0.00029849168,0.00014049494,0.00032074325],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02326229,0.00034077227,0.0014096865,0.0002150087,0.0011152106,0.000059242568,0.00074418844,0.0005875947,0.0017428941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.027599243,0.0002047018,0.00033205366,0.0005678114,0.00038934776,0.0000672757,0.00009851021,0.0035206708,0.00037311352],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000075485877,0.00023542308,0.007031969,0.0050006304,0.000043261658,0.0000011729255,0.0011412946,0.000011940864,2.5600894e-8,0.0012829124,0.0015665245,0.98367727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020540174,0.00013139553,0.00014765862,0.025798844,0.000027922046,3.7082083e-7,0.00077272934,0.000042262764,4.729803e-8,0.000058782465,0.9726094,0.000205202],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047716177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018061302,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9834721,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058632554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010079634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99916965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153426970","doi":"10.5430/jnep.v7n4p67","title":"Effects of problem-based learning on nurse competence: A systematic review","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Narrative; Critical thinking; Narrative review; Psychology; Systematic review; Nursing; Qualitative property; Critical appraisal; Medical education; Medicine; MEDLINE; Pedagogy; Alternative medicine; Computer science; Social psychology","score_opus":0.06591471150505883,"score_gpt":0.47808056438131974,"score_spread":0.4121658528762609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2153426970","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[4.116941e-7,0.9809199,0.0001301868,0.00281668,0.00076051283,0.0012140456,5.6773865e-7,0.000012104415,0.014145614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000029119128,0.9968613,0.0017868038,0.00036854047,0.0002886145,0.000033327044,0.0000017717066,0.000021963933,0.00060859235],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.9915112,0.0065404647,0.001012764,0.00016087799,0.000584141,0.00019053364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9842771,0.009788028,0.0050300653,0.00013145717,0.00062014913,0.00015315252],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006542711,0.00020987466,0.0014416035,0.00033973754,0.00042255313,0.00007082066,0.00024779298,0.00016785925,0.000027095057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017816314,0.00013978721,0.00027826065,0.00044088744,0.00013898047,0.00040126374,0.0000059290105,0.0007188579,0.000013503988],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016198504,0.00034492178,2.0849448e-7,0.48711112,0.00006166928,0.0000026231207,0.0025932032,3.172296e-7,5.2301215e-7,0.00095353276,0.0007535402,0.50816214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007482034,0.00015482392,1.8062754e-7,0.54164845,0.0019264688,0.000112865,0.00060067105,1.5886883e-7,2.9740943e-7,0.000049140843,0.45534596,0.000086164706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015038885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.1726836e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50807595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003175392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0040579783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99045706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154838725","doi":"10.3138/jvme.37.4.369","title":"An Instructional Intervention to Encourage Effective Deep Collaborative Learning in Undergraduate Veterinary Students","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council","keywords":"Intervention (counseling); Medical education; Collaborative learning; Presentation (obstetrics); Medicine; Focus group; Cohort; Active learning (machine learning); Control (management); Psychology; Veterinary medicine; Mathematics education; Nursing; Computer science","score_opus":0.02046825191763375,"score_gpt":0.4278448617216135,"score_spread":0.4073766098039798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154838725","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993407,0.000063394946,0.000763236,0.002394619,0.0025212264,0.00025612384,4.510684e-7,0.000017597853,0.00057635154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99675214,0.00005438833,0.0021729432,0.00016890584,0.0007427122,0.00003119812,0.0000048575116,0.0000103581415,0.00006249319],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969049,0.0013725859,0.0004363147,0.00016355557,0.0009129098,0.00020975171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986506,0.00021406803,0.0003292193,0.000076228236,0.0003414547,0.00038844117],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036493225,0.00010494573,0.00018413436,0.0003797954,0.00025654904,0.00009711203,0.00037323,0.00014813931,0.00031329156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027189145,0.00010156416,0.000063859174,0.0005483846,0.00011664801,0.00072831573,0.00004826998,0.000963292,0.000010445878],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00078765245,0.0013605525,0.037218794,0.00004366675,0.000039232556,0.00011366176,0.029898144,0.00016986317,0.010169206,0.00088691636,0.00011477127,0.91919756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0042621344,0.02001499,0.7306381,0.0016476404,0.00005993788,0.0010331084,0.05782298,0.00063124066,0.0002407782,0.0045819813,0.17833585,0.00073128246],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032947017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005522135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91846627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002394597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014059849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4185078},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158784741","doi":"10.1016/j.profnurs.2006.07.004","title":"Evolving as Nurse Educators in Problem-Based Learning Through a Community of Faculty Development","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Professional Nursing","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Conestoga College; Mohawk College","funders":"","keywords":"Mentorship; Faculty development; Medical education; Focus group; Professional development; Leadership development; Formative assessment; Psychology; Nurse education; Nursing; Medicine; Pedagogy; Sociology; Political science","score_opus":0.044204682968860036,"score_gpt":0.42883775510640915,"score_spread":0.3846330721375491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2158784741","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97404116,0.00034035294,0.001693003,0.0013982038,0.0007447949,0.00022351836,4.3283973e-7,0.00001921379,0.021539323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9622933,0.0000045331635,0.037121598,0.000093036266,0.00014095243,0.000002003392,0.000003631264,0.000014772664,0.0003261611],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99637586,0.0012487986,0.0008990618,0.00010895637,0.00089874235,0.0004686027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975648,0.00074603024,0.0009949192,0.000082446815,0.00046456014,0.00014724025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0093722595,0.00014310364,0.00032563962,0.0003646987,0.0012532357,0.00003161238,0.00035697556,0.00016385,0.000120241486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011152329,0.00012450905,0.000107748514,0.00066980347,0.0002465404,0.00052541465,0.000022826729,0.0016995902,0.0000041968597],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007256868,0.0022944654,0.1866445,0.00020792315,0.000051823503,0.000041778647,0.69201964,0.0013370542,0.0041429535,0.0033833783,0.00076912716,0.10838166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035258546,0.00073493813,0.18978454,0.02201843,0.00006647458,0.000042423413,0.72641116,0.00009574399,0.011931044,0.011051836,0.033603195,0.0007343547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009289345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00034149457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10764731,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007051146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0029276316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96390027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159466608","doi":"","title":"Problem-based learning in continuing medical education: review of randomized controlled trials.","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"SickKids Foundation; Hospital for Sick Children","funders":"","keywords":"CINAHL; Continuing medical education; Medicine; Problem-based learning; Randomized controlled trial; Continuing education; MEDLINE; Continuing professional development; Medical education; Autodidacticism; Health professionals; Professional development; Nursing; Health care; Psychological intervention; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.02086882606783938,"score_gpt":0.3183002722708499,"score_spread":0.29743144620301054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2159466608","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.011384024,0.16581853,0.0046490734,0.09153668,0.001975209,0.03911526,0.0000016534595,0.00053355785,0.684986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9736414,0.009311935,0.0007819631,0.0021049695,0.00047368885,0.011642359,0.000010864202,0.000018129884,0.002014685],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","domain_scores_codex":[0.98180026,0.015014656,0.0016911443,0.0002251538,0.00085492874,0.000413866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98965424,0.008598942,0.0011657972,0.00012943447,0.00024788277,0.00020367205],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.13220742,0.00012963545,0.0028239188,0.00020793077,0.00011256248,0.00004320761,0.0002608205,0.00013578025,0.00053945184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.22935474,0.00009433171,0.00054571487,0.00046061465,0.00023051267,0.00010527773,0.000019674571,0.0003371571,0.0000050506655],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0073608444,0.00012228588,0.0016180895,0.0011807311,0.00006151386,7.3930033e-7,0.0014884241,0.000026102545,0.000001226381,0.015118955,0.0006770661,0.97234404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.5446787,0.000047032987,0.0013592144,0.018638892,0.00064978347,0.0000011902466,0.00060968916,0.0012373396,0.00003750129,0.0041957474,0.42792937,0.0006155479],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00066285575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001653333,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9717285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059450347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009270483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8935751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160171511","doi":"10.1002/j.0022-0337.2007.71.2.tb04273.x","title":"PBL Core Skills Faculty Development Workshop 1: An Experiential Exercise with the PBL Process","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Problem-based learning; Process (computing); Psychology; Underpinning; Medical education; Learning cycle; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Medicine; Engineering","score_opus":0.025401551565465676,"score_gpt":0.3892366745488092,"score_spread":0.36383512298334353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2160171511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99557,0.00018240321,0.0006802168,0.00033979426,0.00066136237,0.00018709876,3.5798163e-7,0.000011372806,0.0023673745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99589807,0.000015983302,0.0016838729,0.00013436112,0.0005208318,0.000007940956,0.0000070609126,0.000008382818,0.0017235028],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880725,0.000057217163,0.00025277614,0.00009838015,0.0005733443,0.0002110525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907815,0.000043961452,0.00036404244,0.00006550818,0.00029499686,0.00015333276],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013128791,0.00008326212,0.00010072133,0.000097637414,0.0005920045,0.0001270623,0.0002630307,0.000057379442,0.00018434547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007525142,0.000053437365,0.000035870307,0.00033062111,0.000099694786,0.00056412886,0.000011068809,0.00021611481,0.000011644578],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003398802,0.0009872539,0.03375247,0.000022859462,0.00003481878,0.000010627216,0.6516304,0.00009992703,0.00034035838,0.0002707738,0.0028979694,0.3096127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00065723935,0.00017937837,0.04668679,0.00042110033,0.000059969378,0.00007825575,0.87066036,0.0000051360034,0.004967093,0.00013918373,0.075852655,0.00029286137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009211952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007195485,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30931982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001832038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015476057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.455328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162337951","doi":"10.3109/0142159x.2011.558948","title":"A 3-year experience implementing blended TBL: Active instructional methods can shift student attitudes to learning","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Context (archaeology); Maturity (psychological); Team-based learning; Psychology; Instructional design; Active learning (machine learning); Blended learning; Mathematics education; Computer science; Medicine; Educational technology","score_opus":0.08084679624884064,"score_gpt":0.4522936151902756,"score_spread":0.37144681894143494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2162337951","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8842509,0.000040083025,0.0054559917,0.0017243566,0.00040383174,0.00032943877,9.803191e-7,0.00023383499,0.10756058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97857046,0.00001152692,0.019142872,0.00025955017,0.00039969807,0.00009551799,0.000002727011,0.000017572453,0.0015000899],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964115,0.001296715,0.00027274378,0.00037746094,0.0010112164,0.00063035195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914354,0.0001231242,0.000097226555,0.00012455053,0.000059488993,0.0004520539],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039253966,0.00014033377,0.00020462151,0.00010243947,0.0008075721,0.000057679856,0.0004605757,0.00014355301,0.017633075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001967705,0.0001286165,0.000072458126,0.00035863023,0.0002481741,0.00016689952,0.00023963988,0.0006789643,0.000048441307],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035163368,0.00013031843,0.3602954,0.000008762474,0.0000667,0.000014511292,0.4050128,0.0000020992068,0.00006680952,0.010607911,0.000119864664,0.22363968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014436499,0.00038419783,0.2978107,0.00020012006,0.000062449115,0.000007428075,0.23520778,0.000104909195,0.00094619155,0.0022942454,0.4605493,0.0009890264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058516366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021723835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46042943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016898007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004799944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9832649},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162457147","doi":"10.1023/a:1014516206120","title":"Accuracy of Student Self-Assessment Ability Compared to Their Own Performance in a Problem-Based Learning Medical Program: A Correlation Study","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Canadian Physiotherapy Association; University of Ottawa","funders":"Université de Sherbrooke","keywords":"Self-assessment; Educational measurement; Self evaluation; Oral examination; Medicine; Medical education; Psychology; Curriculum; Family medicine; Applied psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.035465454925948166,"score_gpt":0.4492015785511684,"score_spread":0.4137361236252202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2162457147","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887249,0.0011084427,0.00022962854,0.003036983,0.00038257637,0.003543055,3.9295645e-7,0.00008779257,0.0028862269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887306,0.0007614868,0.009506585,0.00018752449,0.000048201327,0.0007470683,0.0000028450286,0.0000052962446,0.000010371725],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958977,0.0013071303,0.00081679237,0.00047281536,0.0009913972,0.0005141478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99829453,0.0007106806,0.0004979231,0.00015868568,0.00014481714,0.00019337394],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009024002,0.00013255286,0.00027757458,0.00038979406,0.00066672487,0.000064204905,0.00049186416,0.000055688222,0.000101007296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042627504,0.000117084426,0.000025917347,0.002556076,0.00021838164,0.0008270204,0.000044530047,0.00038251156,0.0000046147516],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007055643,0.001638735,0.68673277,0.000099997145,8.123805e-7,8.7448164e-8,0.04524691,0.019834472,4.8957185e-7,0.00020115529,0.000003718155,0.24623379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066426786,0.0016906791,0.8853029,0.00065055717,0.000002622978,3.742048e-7,0.042155895,0.058003362,0.0000021490002,0.0002075448,0.011116086,0.00020356785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030671943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007827622,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24603023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007832416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0034095203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60483426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163703259","doi":"10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.205.1","title":"Impact of Different Small Student Group Learning Approaches to Compressed Medical Anatomy Education","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The FASEB Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Likert scale; Medical education; Learning styles; Perception; Psychology; Active learning (machine learning); Multiple choice; Style (visual arts); Mathematics education; Medicine; Significant difference; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.12998098231346952,"score_gpt":0.37128710489093264,"score_spread":0.24130612257746312,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2163703259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884999,0.00027164537,0.0024620553,0.0017913174,0.00025548597,0.00018485708,4.5644796e-7,0.000021154323,0.0065131662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989963,0.00003653727,0.00018068586,0.00007396317,0.00047213025,0.000007424662,0.0000024977137,0.000008249099,0.00022217863],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99742955,0.0011640969,0.00023547788,0.000100993304,0.0007981062,0.00027177003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989441,0.0001859994,0.00018874517,0.000099561956,0.00010137995,0.0004802321],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00324984,0.00009510093,0.00016514081,0.00010051349,0.00045334623,0.00011761893,0.00051064935,0.00006271945,0.000186281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004821796,0.00005650533,0.00010738044,0.00021427253,0.00011198797,0.00008704767,0.000075678465,0.0005473341,0.000011413678],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023755155,0.0010351399,0.6365149,0.000019717794,0.00025633234,0.0000108279355,0.20292132,0.0049537425,0.0012794359,0.010353202,0.0017632269,0.14065462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053561344,0.004247041,0.6708613,0.0009864481,0.0003331406,0.00020373515,0.27865633,0.005852314,0.0015297135,0.010184329,0.020478722,0.0013107882],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012220148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001996434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13934384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002072412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001052379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34868184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164446950","doi":"10.1080/01421590120090989","title":"Problem-based learning in occupational therapy: why do health professionals choose to tutor?","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"TUTOR; Inclusion (mineral); Obligation; Occupational therapy; Medical education; Curriculum; Theme (computing); Medicine; Continuing education; Health professionals; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Pedagogy; Health care; Political science; Computer science; Physical therapy","score_opus":0.06610631411269409,"score_gpt":0.4199069503349692,"score_spread":0.35380063622227514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2164446950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6698762,0.0016841505,0.0041295043,0.2689198,0.00050402497,0.0020689543,0.0000019257282,0.0005809674,0.052234482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9682048,0.00012696454,0.001389237,0.020623218,0.0006607639,0.00022863655,0.000024512246,0.000030218196,0.008711673],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957479,0.0016511438,0.000356081,0.00033725196,0.0012997858,0.00060782605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990357,0.00018183207,0.00010531892,0.0001170845,0.00006246241,0.0004975572],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006655373,0.00013627324,0.00023418003,0.00018455148,0.0005061882,0.000056069694,0.00031096523,0.00020364458,0.009888021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015502973,0.000113766866,0.000058266833,0.00074960385,0.000105417486,0.00012929499,0.000039920084,0.0008214094,0.000111280366],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013846632,0.00047205365,0.5828611,0.000017965067,0.000008960559,0.000021607668,0.018223615,0.00018606437,0.0000071802765,0.0009271229,0.021382261,0.37575358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085366034,0.00010266753,0.024249697,0.0002518394,0.000001019456,7.816431e-7,0.0010525205,0.00044287086,0.0000019205477,0.00037354877,0.9724921,0.00017737139],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003607983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009514703,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9511098,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023912183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025598542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9910171},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165092092","doi":"10.60020/1853-6530.v1.n1.235","title":"Formación de docentes a través de la resolución de un problema biotecnológico en un ambiente de aprendizaje colaborativo mediado por computadora","year":2010,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Virtualidad Educación y Ciencia","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.005670174449100872,"score_gpt":0.30330647533692917,"score_spread":0.2976363008878283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165092092","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97489554,0.00084305654,0.0042257267,0.0069803307,0.0010147378,0.0011348474,0.00014802831,0.00047054427,0.010287193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9776558,0.00100134,0.017502753,0.0015785898,0.0013037787,0.00020713154,0.00003943675,0.00012389694,0.0005872502],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9888372,0.004604309,0.0010956263,0.0011585583,0.0012452244,0.0030591167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942453,0.0024489071,0.00081249647,0.0007325167,0.00034812558,0.0014126643],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.014782425,0.0008362446,0.00091112655,0.00069407176,0.002128693,0.0016737465,0.001966665,0.0013805691,0.000857412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004166298,0.000854628,0.00047111895,0.002993492,0.0025648903,0.0009831738,0.00037179264,0.002692598,0.00015585245],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012137321,0.0027962958,0.0740962,0.00063542376,0.00046565715,0.00035320062,0.35282925,0.00045103094,0.16297506,0.3208682,0.0048010377,0.078514904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.026955685,0.003243094,0.0900636,0.0026479044,0.0018071712,0.0013996373,0.07879721,0.022081118,0.30799356,0.06899066,0.38822377,0.0077965884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004554575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043979636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38342273,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007282599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007911798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165329902","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.3411737.x","title":"Developing critical reflection for professional practice through problem‐based learning","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Advanced Nursing","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":184,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Transformative learning; Reflective practice; Professional development; Nurse education; Psychology; Critical thinking; Conceptualization; Pedagogy; Competence (human resources); Engineering ethics; Medicine; Medical education; Computer science","score_opus":0.14534562484109464,"score_gpt":0.5462109951701319,"score_spread":0.4008653703290373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165329902","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[4.880345e-7,0.84665143,0.13885778,0.003758858,0.0023877453,0.00081107917,0.0000017132122,0.0000588221,0.007472078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000007631791,0.6679214,0.33007953,0.00012317915,0.0014535043,0.000036297257,0.00000834441,0.000053778298,0.00031630325],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953325,0.0016499812,0.0012095108,0.00033184947,0.0007984465,0.00067771407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99201095,0.004335732,0.0021932814,0.00010511265,0.0012043912,0.00015053064],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037616289,0.00033636566,0.001173506,0.0003538099,0.0019980718,0.00017475657,0.00033635268,0.00045209395,0.000028694787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00953475,0.00029228703,0.0005358947,0.0010002216,0.00021267579,0.0016510172,0.000017028511,0.0018116673,0.000004708464],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015219244,0.00009946412,6.262959e-7,0.0028456328,0.00004671495,0.000020699614,0.0024086582,0.00029669626,0.0000023617724,0.008347041,0.00028530994,0.9854946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003699534,0.0003168606,1.1725669e-7,0.0651525,0.00052835094,0.00015170324,0.0037810984,0.00000925904,0.000003872358,0.004685595,0.9246702,0.0003304536],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011191278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000598999,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98516417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017165072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004294784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999529},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170698282","doi":"10.1152/advan.00046.2011","title":"Impact of problem-based learning in a large classroom setting: student perception and problem-solving skills","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AJP Advances in Physiology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia; Boettcher Foundation","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Attendance; Mathematics education; Active learning (machine learning); Perception; Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.010189204007624155,"score_gpt":0.35199078155390895,"score_spread":0.3418015775462848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170698282","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926852,0.0006711996,0.00014014963,0.00008033855,0.00011758841,0.000511741,0.0000012051496,0.000036197365,0.00575639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99325204,0.0005466137,0.0058888807,0.000045997323,0.000064883134,0.00010115081,0.000020352229,0.000011681253,0.00006838304],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815464,0.00066174875,0.0003354006,0.00032278144,0.00013522618,0.00039017687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927187,0.00018719638,0.00028971196,0.000107177504,0.000092648595,0.000051382453],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011326738,0.00013363536,0.00022340666,0.00027258237,0.00019009646,0.00001354673,0.00015259952,0.000120594515,0.000116112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020403866,0.00012693457,0.000048978098,0.00043333028,0.00016125353,0.0005529893,0.00003651457,0.00032542308,0.0000041543085],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004245027,0.0005130837,0.8837018,0.00007036819,0.0000061844735,2.6540837e-7,0.06721321,0.0008603719,0.004647103,0.0009299864,0.000008241414,0.04200697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004788916,0.0002961649,0.977994,0.0002325724,0.0000073687243,3.9565373e-7,0.012534598,0.00012847815,0.000054934684,0.0074544474,0.0006508653,0.00016724586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018932095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016336659,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09429227,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023074413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00065408944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51762414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170736093","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.5918","title":"UNDERSTANDING THE LITERATURE ON PROBLEM ANALYSIS","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.03331442648573826,"score_gpt":0.2573125018693485,"score_spread":0.22399807538361025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170736093","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15115705,0.00076049916,0.00037545818,0.19535978,0.00493942,0.002467838,0.00006516231,0.00045936162,0.64441544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941434,0.000009335878,0.00024717636,0.00044418706,0.00024493964,0.000029798126,0.000005690139,0.000012462096,0.004862955],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988373,0.000034611287,0.00016996,0.00014351202,0.00051754,0.0002971076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99878603,0.00010489661,0.0002723483,0.000079953854,0.00054125465,0.00021549893],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001988123,0.00009746262,0.00011853015,0.00039083368,0.0005741444,0.00031610113,0.00035234165,0.00014065379,0.000018297786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019822954,0.000074798205,0.00010513237,0.0024033962,0.000028573324,0.0002255292,0.000014066951,0.00029865836,0.00000641458],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006887955,0.00005514665,0.17021663,0.00009104631,0.0005073959,1.13859976e-7,0.11854337,0.009958321,0.000081202954,0.6017517,0.09817623,0.00061195105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090934034,0.00012901842,0.09199935,0.0011139989,0.0013581248,0.0000026442244,0.073643416,0.005393805,0.00044675116,0.042395104,0.78115994,0.0014484954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017352827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.033811003,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8429864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0043879095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014627767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99943405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174377894","doi":"10.3138/jvme.1114-108r2","title":"Collaborative Testing in Practical Laboratories: An Effective Teaching–Learning Method in Histology","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Collaborative learning; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Psychology; Medicine","score_opus":0.09837633889736845,"score_gpt":0.5119562604417194,"score_spread":0.4135799215443509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2174377894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98397124,0.00034059794,0.0015469232,0.006510952,0.0011701249,0.00022049404,2.5192375e-7,0.000017926272,0.0062214653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.949815,0.000020414831,0.04918839,0.00030851466,0.00059851655,0.000017279932,0.0000017984221,0.000008977253,0.00004115913],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9914169,0.007183205,0.0004499005,0.00014563417,0.000573749,0.00023064752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99660605,0.0019570563,0.00042729147,0.000057635993,0.0005655452,0.00038639846],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014697074,0.00008805256,0.0002591616,0.0003036183,0.00014062792,0.0000392689,0.00016309261,0.0001851446,0.000046795863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.086969785,0.00008185909,0.000019506753,0.0008208819,0.00012298799,0.0007720762,0.000027012431,0.001392157,0.000002905153],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011387412,0.0019126835,0.14316462,0.000059663376,0.000025189775,0.00077949057,0.31753173,0.00038776244,0.0006419426,0.0101065235,0.0010948557,0.5231568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004166923,0.0137933,0.06682432,0.001515204,0.00005363689,0.0013029592,0.33824944,0.0032089262,0.00003563245,0.007838515,0.5623659,0.0006452678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015168765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039926116,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.561271,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00068647513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0096515175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99596286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2180410675","doi":"","title":"A Dose of Theory on Becoming a Drug Expert","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Drug; Computer science; Risk analysis (engineering); Medicine; Pharmacology","score_opus":0.025980553165738815,"score_gpt":0.3261570731669638,"score_spread":0.30017652000122497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2180410675","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11667709,0.000057406236,0.0013973276,0.0016368316,0.000107892956,0.00009305772,2.456114e-7,0.00007561171,0.8799545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98867047,0.000011286983,0.0008691948,0.0009116884,0.00010540956,0.000004643455,2.3534113e-7,0.0000040127834,0.009423076],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991381,0.00040919727,0.00008270394,0.000088090725,0.0001442804,0.00013764019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928975,0.00052414404,0.00003969159,0.00008680034,0.00001984069,0.000039782055],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018542813,0.000039989107,0.00007386663,0.000041867956,0.00017923313,0.000015336022,0.00012088978,0.000028248181,0.00072316924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003452847,0.000031678523,0.000035902503,0.000087832916,0.00007502422,0.00005962072,0.000015416981,0.00006082291,0.000045067605],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028028475,0.0000335094,0.00046727053,0.000005034101,0.0000052541495,3.5061453e-7,0.057393514,0.0000083492605,0.00060078956,0.79572535,0.0009412607,0.1447913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011804195,0.0002409315,0.0008837674,0.00015961402,0.000011835963,4.4655502e-7,0.044271357,0.00040948085,0.011576307,0.11549184,0.8253385,0.0004355394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021354668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039778583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87199336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014201317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048411857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7918196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2180706942","doi":"10.5539/ies.v8n12p70","title":"Self-Directed Learning and Skills of Problem-Based Learning: A Case of Nigerian Secondary Schools Chemistry Students","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Cooperative learning; Teaching method; Autodidacticism; Chemistry; Class (philosophy); Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.026567016620958766,"score_gpt":0.39942648793355245,"score_spread":0.37285947131259367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2180706942","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815662,0.0016832183,0.000025480549,0.0010098998,0.00047617996,0.0002190679,0.0000048928005,0.00015852426,0.014856573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896521,0.00021063455,0.0063506924,0.000041130068,0.00012530039,0.000050234274,0.000015633312,0.000009950337,0.003544309],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986691,0.0002453425,0.00032555833,0.00019545069,0.0004271573,0.00013739035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99714905,0.00023347151,0.00038353662,0.000059106645,0.0020803043,0.000094502],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011346459,0.00010474901,0.0002020465,0.00012493799,0.00022518379,0.000048637005,0.00015845888,0.000061790866,0.00008018646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029500742,0.00010741854,0.000040465267,0.00023050977,0.00015255206,0.00017867012,0.000074890784,0.00027762318,0.0000041128737],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011054457,0.0012754939,0.82453614,0.0005239013,0.00084950076,0.000022380547,0.140581,0.0004310482,0.0008054046,0.0007724369,0.0032694344,0.026822684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004028298,0.0004480956,0.0117469,0.0011883558,0.00021928627,0.000102541424,0.43973514,0.0005549812,0.005084313,0.0034802868,0.5325097,0.0009021222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008652917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000097790704,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81278926,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016864554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014696297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4380401},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2183191708","doi":"10.36510/learnland.v5i1.537","title":"Designing a Robot’s Brain: An In-Class Learning Task","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"LEARNing Landscapes","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Task (project management); Class (philosophy); Relation (database); Computer science; Robot; Human–computer interaction; Psychology; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Systems engineering","score_opus":0.03597099771590166,"score_gpt":0.2838411515667944,"score_spread":0.24787015385089273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2183191708","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6665476,0.0006926548,0.007283577,0.0014209228,0.00041648012,0.0005526536,7.838307e-7,0.0014264557,0.3216589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924171,0.000056332334,0.0036139896,0.00022949855,0.00026634394,0.000031064144,0.000012794278,0.000046006975,0.0033268626],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960272,0.001914152,0.0003193294,0.0004903669,0.00040010916,0.0008488755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886006,0.0004785147,0.00019886857,0.00016241294,0.00007602892,0.00022410425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003039319,0.00022353209,0.0002956955,0.00032498557,0.0011423029,0.00017448046,0.0004000125,0.0002324772,0.00086868304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013745488,0.00022806569,0.000085396256,0.0006631615,0.0001066859,0.0006633447,0.00006812765,0.0011770356,0.00017403312],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012815304,0.00013061611,0.66508144,0.00003927312,0.00003554606,0.000113493974,0.26841274,0.012341119,0.004727186,0.0048902603,0.00019905114,0.043901134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004131061,0.0022636803,0.11735389,0.0007867612,0.00010455002,0.000036357244,0.14909568,0.016480327,0.0019239014,0.0037573364,0.70094323,0.0031232035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004662333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004023559,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7007442,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008153938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022372075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.951147},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2187544469","doi":"","title":"Using Learning Styles to Evaluate First-Year Pharmacy Students' Preferences Toward Different Activities Associated with the Problem-Based Learning Approach.","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacy; Learning styles; Preference; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Class (philosophy); Psychology; Style (visual arts); Cognitive style; Mathematics education; Medicine; Pedagogy; Nursing; Computer science; Cognition","score_opus":0.10025809000090723,"score_gpt":0.3262261830539315,"score_spread":0.22596809305302423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2187544469","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9718654,0.0001575154,0.0035610395,0.0007778667,0.00009005933,0.0026522332,0.0000030850506,0.00036216766,0.020530611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99524903,0.000030932726,0.0008279655,0.00012938805,0.00009736216,0.001780485,0.000009365245,0.000048665686,0.0018268173],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99347854,0.0030920834,0.00028587432,0.00054262584,0.0014537029,0.0011471857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99834716,0.0007303936,0.00033595657,0.00015954855,0.00015402572,0.00027289483],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004866254,0.00033902543,0.00037179494,0.00018464314,0.0023808214,0.00068742107,0.000595304,0.000100191326,0.000095455085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010361017,0.00023168053,0.00010851487,0.0007928445,0.0002485858,0.0003525718,0.00009159898,0.00083057256,0.0000061798187],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025699037,0.00042251984,0.79764146,0.00009211608,0.0003906973,0.0000045941792,0.040881757,0.13566516,0.000049875252,0.0010807276,0.00012503633,0.023389054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01737353,0.0013427228,0.44007894,0.0010271849,0.002045486,0.000008002209,0.22295545,0.011394225,0.0042020823,0.0011072848,0.29233697,0.006128128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009042711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00073931605,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35756254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039053752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031540843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99891794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2188293705","doi":"10.4018/978-1-59140-950-2.ch015","title":"Using Problem-Based Learning in Online Courses","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Instructional design; Computer science; Learning theory; Authentic learning; Pedagogy; Learning sciences; Psychology; Experiential learning","score_opus":0.07366733856618887,"score_gpt":0.35714547307917277,"score_spread":0.28347813451298387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2188293705","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007517666,0.00057946896,0.00048222183,0.00012287125,0.00026002032,0.0005789566,0.000038847335,0.00028942453,0.99689645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5690799,0.00007475128,0.046356052,0.0034518673,0.0036908775,0.000035354908,0.00010271648,0.00040523236,0.37680325],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99720794,0.00016309496,0.0005293679,0.0005407846,0.0007648338,0.00079397485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998855,0.00014861056,0.00040695132,0.00021146766,0.00016715562,0.00021079088],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012990757,0.0004122114,0.00050938374,0.0002643379,0.0005035662,0.00012892555,0.0003824448,0.00077333127,0.00015604132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012454057,0.0004598312,0.00019921406,0.00009351508,0.00033352655,0.00007723868,0.000073655734,0.0010745171,0.00005544629],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006943177,0.00003037631,0.0018081377,0.00007287356,0.00003388601,0.0001862251,0.0008415318,0.0016548425,0.00001608041,0.9652705,0.0001205172,0.029895557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014385715,0.00024872535,0.00011278132,0.0027049826,0.0001607095,0.000012366449,0.0007789606,0.0006374892,0.00002374806,0.17160118,0.82053775,0.001742735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006960925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017637467,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8204172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00092402525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022626144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2189853013","doi":"10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2015.3.11","title":"Team-based Learning in the Humanities Classroom: “Women’s Environmental Writing” as a Case Study","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Team-based learning; Psychology; Environmental education; Pedagogy; Sustainability; Accountability; Knight; Sociology; Mathematics education; Medical education; Ecology; Medicine; Political science","score_opus":0.0756316219608576,"score_gpt":0.3353600901373813,"score_spread":0.2597284681765237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2189853013","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933317,0.00095994474,0.000042839667,0.0022029306,0.00014722506,0.00046839443,0.0000017371434,0.000019655523,0.00282558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974471,0.000007180966,0.00007975608,0.0005423724,0.00028496832,0.000039113176,0.0000012852182,0.000022998143,0.0015752739],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99067044,0.007719342,0.00032637522,0.00016823874,0.00048159144,0.0006340354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969771,0.0022982205,0.00027600056,0.0001541561,0.000049824823,0.00024473143],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04739183,0.00016173533,0.00018896433,0.00021114369,0.017243387,0.0012605991,0.00060647633,0.00008541288,0.000042279677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004604486,0.00009790159,0.00008553362,0.00014097858,0.00047672226,0.00033389524,0.000027926179,0.005192423,0.000004082505],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057599947,0.000039034807,0.21214996,0.000011118297,0.00005392728,0.00024361846,0.75355023,0.006138236,0.000010448108,0.001485555,0.00008443615,0.02617584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000841878,0.0006346193,0.0031457995,0.000073015704,0.00005444084,0.0005740668,0.8980117,0.00033605887,0.0000013292141,0.0010880878,0.09507365,0.0001653971],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12185114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12184228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20900416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044629019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012856382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997762},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2200487544","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0415-063r","title":"Scaffolded Active Learning: Nine Pedagogical Principles for Building a Modern Veterinary Curriculum","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Memorization; Professional development; Variety (cybernetics); Active learning (machine learning); Quality (philosophy); Engineering ethics; Medical education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Medicine; Mathematics education; Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.2862662077427098,"score_gpt":0.48290540280266353,"score_spread":0.19663919505995375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2200487544","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843084,0.00071876124,0.005709648,0.0047768885,0.0014951106,0.00025945532,8.8379613e-7,0.00004137791,0.0026894351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889584,0.00015008912,0.007700541,0.00021664912,0.0020606953,0.00003198388,0.0000063748985,0.000018188437,0.00085707026],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972524,0.00069740915,0.0005180242,0.00019091234,0.0009954192,0.000345826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977112,0.0003106253,0.0005498586,0.00009131218,0.00061586616,0.00072118046],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037709163,0.0001397482,0.00028214382,0.00019071522,0.00035065602,0.00007070959,0.00039133755,0.00020018507,0.00021433969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008567424,0.00011956022,0.00015119741,0.00023698545,0.00016282029,0.000527852,0.0000752265,0.0005113242,0.0000051107295],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0027110807,0.0027430437,0.00563122,0.000250995,0.00017741587,0.00020787997,0.10786569,0.0006684045,0.004878484,0.008256324,0.007624081,0.85898536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018106527,0.006517497,0.001008024,0.00060215604,0.000068621666,0.0007370767,0.027238378,0.0033303984,0.00006323386,0.00265061,0.95564127,0.0003320855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001336774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007020556,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9480172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032548362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0047771307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997838},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2201180344","doi":"10.5430/jnep.v6n4p59","title":"Team-based learning: Application in undergraduate baccalaureate nursing education","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Team-based learning; Medical education; Critical thinking; Psychology; Accountability; Preference; Nursing; Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.08157766000345697,"score_gpt":0.4526904895934836,"score_spread":0.37111282959002667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2201180344","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.096528664,0.007863395,0.018071545,0.30753344,0.004716568,0.0007392599,4.4289234e-7,0.00008756326,0.56445915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98786616,0.00022619207,0.009959501,0.00061801943,0.00055295025,0.00000670282,0.000004786442,0.000012229002,0.0007534726],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997791,0.0012255992,0.0003230534,0.00013330615,0.0003525148,0.00017452455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997875,0.0005362066,0.00066831225,0.00007919345,0.0006227675,0.00021855191],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035641307,0.00008774881,0.00013213712,0.0003245368,0.00039785617,0.00014202944,0.000106508036,0.00009254589,0.0000065702634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0035753578,0.00009005204,0.000031460215,0.000499474,0.00011835414,0.0010360249,0.0000037796951,0.00045190108,0.000006997537],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031283754,0.0023175683,0.005548541,0.000016313048,0.000009424906,7.569406e-7,0.07212556,0.00062706,0.00019936555,0.012702319,0.010378729,0.89576155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010127143,0.00034209763,0.0049174484,0.0015802243,0.00015963659,0.00028121448,0.17474394,0.00073089683,0.00007398915,0.03376176,0.78209007,0.00030603804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044205462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025055833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8954555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006774943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0051540723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91431034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2202345387","doi":"","title":"Health Sciences Students’ Perceptions of Online Problem-Based Learning","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Mathematics education; Psychology; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.10484723381270991,"score_gpt":0.36552496316066446,"score_spread":0.2606777293479545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2202345387","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65760607,0.004192492,0.00016926612,0.16612223,0.0016442752,0.002974155,0.000044295066,0.0005974339,0.16664977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95288634,0.002425894,0.0017469607,0.001506058,0.0002205637,0.000091416674,0.000040948504,0.000035461475,0.041046333],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9941987,0.0018599586,0.0007998381,0.00079707726,0.0015306333,0.00081379287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974492,0.00032648124,0.0013729327,0.0002333411,0.00024037744,0.00037761978],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002548806,0.00033741223,0.00053156365,0.0003924737,0.0017270412,0.0002939165,0.0004837113,0.00016897834,0.0016571048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019615344,0.00035786533,0.000077210556,0.0014285644,0.0005552168,0.00038424722,0.00007552265,0.0013174611,0.0000528878],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006603379,0.0010449257,0.8214012,0.00028187,0.000015897422,0.0000017994832,0.008336983,0.00086781103,0.000054165084,0.082256936,0.001087862,0.08458455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017107521,0.0028004416,0.78369576,0.0027553248,0.00003320199,0.0000025269933,0.02114774,0.0017200689,0.000015916803,0.003968548,0.18107626,0.0010734691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009990491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008252767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29528028,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075041375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018158945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2202554522","doi":"","title":"Problem-based learning: For what learning outcomes is it working?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Psychology","score_opus":0.12308564014787625,"score_gpt":0.3654045238747599,"score_spread":0.24231888372688365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2202554522","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23109888,0.00472328,0.002830902,0.32313526,0.007875553,0.0083111245,0.000015679234,0.0016839982,0.42032534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8526593,0.001107601,0.0016988015,0.0046348823,0.00045405078,0.00025766628,0.00006680967,0.00008869891,0.13903221],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99384683,0.0011754055,0.0009906421,0.0011997619,0.0013567745,0.0014306097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99584454,0.0012793097,0.0015866102,0.000324379,0.00040851833,0.00055665954],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0050154026,0.0005878279,0.00068852835,0.0005338602,0.0021118242,0.0010091066,0.00045332583,0.0004211061,0.0009772673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00053179456,0.0006316557,0.00016447429,0.0013558643,0.00029819316,0.00078238436,0.00007858334,0.002275517,0.00008790159],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005231889,0.00039019552,0.679086,0.00030499775,0.00004139202,0.000006651548,0.011326887,0.00057048653,0.00006396726,0.097510315,0.0014486049,0.20872732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014072115,0.000824245,0.097187184,0.0014275069,0.000039726445,0.0000011390724,0.021474617,0.00041141242,0.00007159041,0.00456139,0.8716554,0.0009385603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002730031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004867411,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87020683,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011237307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020403164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2214384670","doi":"","title":"Problem-based learning in undergraduate medical education: can we really implement it in the West African subregion?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Problem-based learning; Lifelong learning; Medicine; Medical education; Constructivism (international relations); Value (mathematics); Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Psychology; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.03044465100762483,"score_gpt":0.3159994936474784,"score_spread":0.2855548426398536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2214384670","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03840743,0.00034768163,0.00035813017,0.7492071,0.00030454277,0.002568645,0.000001443312,0.00014065512,0.20866439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99485624,0.00011700239,0.00018443976,0.0028288963,0.0002171963,0.0009804135,0.000013040643,0.000012355699,0.00079042953],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99667585,0.000912681,0.00040341742,0.00028051098,0.00085754675,0.00087000226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988692,0.00055006734,0.0001446601,0.00015374998,0.000055583925,0.00022676947],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011177041,0.00012521147,0.00014965863,0.00027131324,0.0003788049,0.00010016311,0.0004854731,0.00010944385,0.0000940888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00090707786,0.00010204385,0.000046766432,0.0012494228,0.00013748622,0.000104443985,0.00003347495,0.00057544495,0.0000068015465],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004943302,0.0002968844,0.21111035,0.00003628159,0.000007704046,0.00004058631,0.032984503,0.00007817726,8.4029864e-7,0.032248594,0.002673767,0.7204729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077322515,0.000039771403,0.24767958,0.00007876897,0.000009207916,0.0000031853574,0.024165537,0.000026982832,0.000004601437,0.004660191,0.72230893,0.00024999748],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02691679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3308158,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9564488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040833768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022581844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97956306},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2216592328","doi":"","title":"Supporting Diagnostic Problem Solving in Medical Education Using an Integrated Classroom - E-Learning Model","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medical education; Medicine","score_opus":0.06170662656797802,"score_gpt":0.35174340794060055,"score_spread":0.2900367813726225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2216592328","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87386245,0.0011430838,0.0010774258,0.018063951,0.001438466,0.0019736812,0.000008580964,0.0004880258,0.10194435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97377926,0.00045595426,0.003198382,0.0009947858,0.00048409254,0.00016841934,0.00015398534,0.000077117395,0.02068802],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9930485,0.0021068864,0.0011614863,0.0010711114,0.0014479138,0.0011640922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969203,0.0005602952,0.0013862139,0.00027655254,0.0003356402,0.000520989],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036874644,0.00047672345,0.00055138324,0.00059625437,0.0011213985,0.0005197702,0.00041473276,0.0004330668,0.00071283354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011328869,0.00053543726,0.00006433313,0.0016066438,0.00024790072,0.0009714234,0.00009182577,0.0024153264,0.000022616001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014475132,0.0012906189,0.6930424,0.00027374979,0.000012331153,0.000017532351,0.0073918644,0.0118601695,0.00016673034,0.17375499,0.00047477699,0.111570105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004415373,0.0016922025,0.42726526,0.012752336,0.00014154661,0.000033810662,0.080940574,0.23916662,0.00009763047,0.113611415,0.1150992,0.0047840276],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.039319158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036656972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2657771,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018127509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009384167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2219938410","doi":"","title":"Using Virtual Environments for an Interprofessional Communications Skills Instructional Program for Health Science Education","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Interprofessional education; Medical education; Computer science; Psychology; Multimedia; Knowledge management; Health care; Medicine; Political science","score_opus":0.06906555379610069,"score_gpt":0.43457610085945425,"score_spread":0.36551054706335356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2219938410","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.051129077,0.0003789996,0.0024253882,0.9353612,0.003784783,0.0035273277,0.00007389011,0.00023735948,0.003081995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9240867,0.00011265368,0.07304204,0.00089124945,0.0004957251,0.00060225767,0.00018975949,0.000008720357,0.00057090743],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852747,0.00007227857,0.00027317397,0.0004003839,0.00031723795,0.00040947093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867636,0.00035641162,0.00020860451,0.00029508778,0.00023682078,0.00022671763],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000740124,0.00013631456,0.00017105925,0.0007365959,0.0016551313,0.00008072998,0.0006050131,0.0001191372,0.000042952226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005711464,0.00014026577,0.000028091876,0.0006992996,0.0015226057,0.00036927656,0.0000507691,0.00027305202,0.0000032038636],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001595133,0.0005529493,0.0009805278,0.000004082111,0.0000036040294,1.0540663e-8,0.0013303083,8.237624e-7,0.000359914,0.76840866,0.00017445051,0.22816873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041593448,0.00061398733,0.008472181,0.00016145963,0.000011857931,0.0000037441916,0.0013463376,0.00062703766,0.00015197399,0.97118586,0.016773716,0.0002358812],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005612898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00054392614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93446994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028317064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008951479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2220655995","doi":"","title":"DESARROLLO DE HABILIDADES INVESTIGATIVAS: COMPARACION ENTRE EL CURRICULUM TRADICIONAL Y EL CURRICULUM BASADO EN PROBLEMAS","year":2012,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Primer Congreso Virtual de Ciencias Morfológicas","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.021353347472465818,"score_gpt":0.3109357079202625,"score_spread":0.28958236044779667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2220655995","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97465813,0.0052183694,0.0010501941,0.0039466247,0.0010878707,0.001788518,0.00006268283,0.00045976628,0.011727854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99136865,0.00047441403,0.0036862884,0.0014756483,0.0019572298,0.00021506705,0.000054433433,0.000114167044,0.0006540994],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9872223,0.004282981,0.0013920324,0.0013729581,0.0021895317,0.0035402053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942723,0.0014266974,0.00096236495,0.0007279034,0.00044752465,0.002163206],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0072532194,0.0011314035,0.0012040051,0.00058217585,0.0021268744,0.0007088116,0.0017441076,0.00095625065,0.0014705794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003087432,0.001068567,0.0006655986,0.0022046606,0.0021876777,0.002035921,0.0004988875,0.0019267258,0.0008401667],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007999468,0.0020805208,0.8427293,0.00019017616,0.00024096342,0.00005508112,0.058282092,0.0006511366,0.0054557677,0.07696749,0.0031286897,0.010138797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0075586857,0.00307182,0.5819811,0.0029510628,0.0020637456,0.00047850184,0.06282906,0.03396782,0.013307733,0.012688458,0.27181876,0.0072832606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003355424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010130372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26869005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013734667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027363277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999378},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2228286415","doi":"","title":"Design of PBL Cases in Bioethical Education Spanning across General and Professional Education","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"醫學教育","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bioethics; Curriculum; Ethical dilemma; Dilemma; Population; Multidisciplinary approach; Psychology; Diversity (politics); Medical education; Problem-based learning; Engineering ethics; Medicine; Pedagogy; Sociology; Political science; Social science; Engineering","score_opus":0.12400408693751966,"score_gpt":0.42975770445424055,"score_spread":0.3057536175167209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2228286415","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99391943,0.00033838308,0.0003002134,0.00042602458,0.0003597064,0.00020038053,8.556007e-7,0.000015242961,0.0044397716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918784,0.000036787835,0.0066399183,0.00014523903,0.00012098104,0.000027861517,0.0000032156681,0.000004160424,0.0011434316],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918336,0.0003087185,0.00012480971,0.00011625046,0.00011745186,0.0001493889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965274,0.00011669044,0.00006962198,0.000051485582,0.00006330204,0.000046140234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00095781387,0.000046108853,0.00006940974,0.000055156223,0.0001946094,0.000015081188,0.00006792324,0.00009113164,0.000081766826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027475628,0.000043458258,0.000010844376,0.0001658549,0.00014365454,0.00015075768,0.000020792273,0.00012867413,0.000003923596],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012999623,0.00064806605,0.3692077,0.00008775685,0.000008594371,0.0000031163418,0.3511227,0.000027100194,0.004261337,0.045370813,0.00092589506,0.22820689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009264087,0.0004414112,0.7982407,0.0010463574,0.000032959022,0.000023030369,0.13876015,0.00047676428,0.010612082,0.030348757,0.01831046,0.00078089134],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009205248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045264547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.429033,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033018503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012515872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99739254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2230157776","doi":"","title":"Critical Thinking in a Collaborative Online Multimedia PBL Simulation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Multimedia; Computer science; Problem-based learning; Critical thinking; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.07864794583790444,"score_gpt":0.38370402725248515,"score_spread":0.30505608141458074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2230157776","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6754714,0.0024350001,0.0007967534,0.08343446,0.004271886,0.0030909118,0.000046874287,0.0005467846,0.22990589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845285,0.00038624136,0.0020961487,0.0014707625,0.0004655293,0.000049927192,0.000056229026,0.00003491335,0.010911791],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99565715,0.0011621448,0.00069192913,0.0006913143,0.0010188131,0.00077864475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970911,0.001392118,0.00060365687,0.00019907615,0.0003803673,0.0003336739],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030377521,0.00030304215,0.00038309718,0.0004209308,0.0008534484,0.00028323886,0.00023726067,0.00026953084,0.0004789349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009895887,0.00033743164,0.00003854967,0.0016786767,0.00026759593,0.0005652763,0.00005606083,0.0013769066,0.00003591242],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056528527,0.0008419856,0.45384157,0.00017628327,0.000014602293,0.00002602225,0.032816358,0.00109327,0.00010480371,0.37230098,0.00022918177,0.13798967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015929915,0.0006255936,0.81340986,0.001631499,0.000023679855,0.0000013786618,0.044968423,0.004230582,0.000041467963,0.028870428,0.103591,0.0010130814],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051930305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03107154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35956833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010751948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001797647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999078},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2233036905","doi":"","title":"PICU: A virtual problem-based situated learning environment for medical residents","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University Health Centre; Montreal Children's Hospital; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Situated; Situated learning; Computer science; Medicine; Human–computer interaction; Medical education; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.024604854519972897,"score_gpt":0.30125892089247647,"score_spread":0.27665406637250356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2233036905","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016399736,0.00031237374,0.00088565244,0.9759254,0.00052655453,0.00067535264,0.000008595916,0.00023980664,0.0050265417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99091,0.00025465444,0.0033830204,0.000669844,0.00080471364,0.000493099,0.00007888628,0.00001732993,0.0033884747],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979312,0.0001773391,0.00030906717,0.00044090903,0.000643426,0.0004980465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99788743,0.0014135126,0.00014945352,0.00014669118,0.0001302425,0.00027269198],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009049601,0.0001802793,0.00022811315,0.00057271885,0.0006015774,0.000053969958,0.000360597,0.00030255725,0.0024295354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022042727,0.00017786208,0.000038436818,0.0004454577,0.0007262933,0.00011582734,0.000051032835,0.00063009106,0.00012751362],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006556084,0.00033718176,0.014753745,0.00002235244,0.00003090079,0.0000034378168,0.0038817807,0.000048727263,0.00020637833,0.8902402,0.0029587278,0.08745102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035389168,0.00085000735,0.007174908,0.0005696214,0.00007946843,0.000007578087,0.0016888654,0.0024274988,0.0012849284,0.7833956,0.19791892,0.0010637151],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012393104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019866142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97525555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014221834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017127756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984824},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2239829106","doi":"10.3928/01484834-20041001-01","title":"Development of an Instrument to Assess Individual Student Performance in Small Group Tutorials","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Summative assessment; TUTOR; Scale (ratio); Computer science; Inter-rater reliability; Reliability (semiconductor); Consistency (knowledge bases); Variance (accounting); Curriculum; Mathematics education; Formative assessment; Psychology; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence; Rating scale","score_opus":0.12718292451725066,"score_gpt":0.42341493833494326,"score_spread":0.2962320138176926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2239829106","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99627125,0.000046488534,0.0002472125,0.0005645924,0.0017679054,0.00013975099,1.5542545e-7,0.0000041092594,0.0009585369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94531953,0.000011988614,0.054221936,0.000038071496,0.00038756494,0.000004088347,0.0000015163954,0.000004211295,0.00001108709],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988699,0.00013211727,0.0004136898,0.00007265497,0.0003678964,0.00014374804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993697,0.000023042143,0.00032402764,0.00004971975,0.00013778025,0.000095725416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024815095,0.000054476543,0.00012322677,0.00026154795,0.00014606937,0.000056797184,0.00020081879,0.000043810367,0.00000718049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008584971,0.000052839045,0.000019554778,0.00027898376,0.000026013882,0.00033564598,0.000008007793,0.00012751753,0.0000012936149],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037065907,0.0012927304,0.009220737,0.000014010667,0.000009689892,4.178464e-7,0.32373133,0.00056791335,0.001539613,0.0013656331,0.00001332671,0.66220754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010277168,0.0008803271,0.84560907,0.0026959446,0.000036262743,0.000011698986,0.13001537,0.0000018435945,0.0066246986,0.0016335737,0.011232047,0.00023142925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009568179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021941056,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83638835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00086712313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024393862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43273667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2241626422","doi":"","title":"Examining Medical Students’ Attitudes and Learning Experiences in BioWorld","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medicine","score_opus":0.043073698687469304,"score_gpt":0.33985914154524133,"score_spread":0.29678544285777203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2241626422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80713236,0.0008145652,0.000001963357,0.17976123,0.00036224726,0.00015666027,6.4910023e-7,0.000099472425,0.011670828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948888,0.0015857538,0.00023413883,0.0003182183,0.00029161896,0.00019603498,0.000007363093,0.000008208297,0.0024698824],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980147,0.00025409422,0.00024645467,0.00041107336,0.00067603664,0.000397655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984107,0.0011615762,0.000065227854,0.000101934114,0.000057130943,0.00020343727],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011728258,0.00014788158,0.00022033909,0.00063193147,0.00045358704,0.00011047488,0.00043502747,0.00019922161,0.0059585483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015130303,0.00014257387,0.000011486623,0.0008823537,0.0011535297,0.00015583482,0.00007393799,0.00079371245,0.000040606363],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014470814,0.0001353746,0.7101293,0.000012206692,0.000009978794,0.000012214724,0.038370818,6.574068e-7,0.000018398074,0.16892315,0.00015686367,0.082216516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022521005,0.0005291693,0.5000084,0.0015103472,0.000028528264,0.000033596476,0.048774373,0.00014820218,0.00016349007,0.41752902,0.027680662,0.0013421058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035535096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0047229887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24860588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004530985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061596674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949501},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2247298170","doi":"","title":"Mapping and Validating Diagnostic Reasoning through Interactive Case Creation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Reliability (semiconductor); Presentation (obstetrics); Computer science; Consistency (knowledge bases); Knowledge management; Data science; Management science; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Engineering","score_opus":0.07779182501383235,"score_gpt":0.3570449402044421,"score_spread":0.27925311519060975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2247298170","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7529515,0.0010900832,0.0008013117,0.011931139,0.0012283382,0.0010852944,0.000007016922,0.00022735128,0.23067798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98285705,0.00087157387,0.0017398912,0.000857649,0.0004041791,0.00007011374,0.000027772732,0.00003515585,0.013136595],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99657816,0.00093168777,0.0005596603,0.0006882464,0.0005933452,0.00064893265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99682224,0.0015798697,0.0009418501,0.00018348864,0.00020278963,0.0002697844],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002531488,0.00029561602,0.00032763113,0.00024766874,0.0013133159,0.00039639336,0.00013594236,0.00017861111,0.00029274312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010686304,0.00033068162,0.000035947505,0.0008717051,0.0002082396,0.00073422387,0.0000710161,0.0010780348,0.000020196148],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019179589,0.00022078035,0.44802806,0.0002262578,0.000030345003,0.00012955799,0.05428175,0.000048520003,0.00012941675,0.2925115,0.00024480734,0.20395721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019864282,0.0009182057,0.5737248,0.0052156006,0.00006924742,0.00013705384,0.2210252,0.00063503266,0.00021746832,0.023314046,0.17094603,0.001810902],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015735729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00834759,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26919743,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00078577927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00067379547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2253272592","doi":"10.5539/jel.v5n1p210","title":"Learning in the Laboratory: How Group Assignments Affect Motivation and Performance","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Military Academy","keywords":"Cadet; Psychology; Affect (linguistics); Teamwork; Mathematics education; Social loafing; Test (biology); Social psychology; Pedagogy; Management","score_opus":0.01875257049475576,"score_gpt":0.29522677751335485,"score_spread":0.2764742070185991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2253272592","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916728,0.0003738226,0.00018355656,0.00656071,0.00013963616,0.00006466887,5.099432e-8,0.0000069152725,0.0009978458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99811906,0.00067311345,0.00015261021,0.00013515881,0.00022857878,0.0000030225508,3.1414876e-7,0.000004373077,0.0006837899],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984202,0.0010564389,0.00012032377,0.00007203848,0.00020825624,0.00012275299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990407,0.0005472853,0.00025608524,0.000027521988,0.0000809175,0.000047440204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035791758,0.0000535211,0.00008057785,0.00009714574,0.0004746483,0.00012283669,0.00007045233,0.000043437594,0.000023927483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016421201,0.000032017728,0.0000146999355,0.00020900952,0.000060478553,0.0005730008,0.000008222869,0.00040204945,0.0000011626962],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013164215,0.000023908144,0.7067944,0.000010393733,0.000004062579,4.469234e-7,0.0250281,0.0000119000215,0.00068280805,0.00034245543,0.0000964209,0.26699197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004293625,0.0003923857,0.8337271,0.00031628355,0.000010748814,0.000008547149,0.046632312,0.000035700326,0.000031714302,0.00007612465,0.118246846,0.000092837865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002829702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001138643,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2668991,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053041134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017747053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3650659},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2256009279","doi":"","title":"Nurse Educators' Lived Experiences of Student-Centered Teaching in Practice Settings: A Proposed Interpretive Phenomenology","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"STTI Leadership Connection","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Nurse education; Nursing; Health care; Psychology; Medical education; Medicine; Pedagogy; Sociology","score_opus":0.09560624651517734,"score_gpt":0.3888553677388963,"score_spread":0.29324912122371893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2256009279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9603437,0.00042148776,0.00021512488,0.0047238367,0.0011653947,0.0006402638,7.3623914e-7,0.000116044605,0.032373402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99858916,0.000007872536,0.0005383606,0.00040161336,0.00021355203,0.000064692525,0.0000040576447,0.0000133957265,0.0001673245],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961141,0.002396427,0.0003413574,0.00035378814,0.00036629022,0.00042803492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985781,0.0006629922,0.00034881852,0.00013957544,0.00015083978,0.00011971686],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033707474,0.00013974487,0.00022746653,0.0002803603,0.00023754731,0.00006902158,0.0002711339,0.00014467695,0.000041791518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0041252184,0.00014371652,0.000047500343,0.00038003456,0.00035429923,0.00066536956,0.000029938326,0.00048251366,0.00001527761],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031483508,0.00027113807,0.0060424893,0.000025372861,0.000031023763,0.0000038373664,0.9872324,0.000010359368,0.0003702071,0.002309076,0.00013045654,0.003258831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005613457,0.00041896346,0.00023567674,0.0002269621,0.000021398017,0.00000315274,0.9949859,0.000030631087,0.00034087282,0.00019275685,0.0028253035,0.00015708324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013341793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005129085,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03824542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041105042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053998915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.586059},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2264097634","doi":"10.14434/ijdl.v7i1.19427","title":"Framing, Reframing, and Teaching: Design Decisions Before, During and Within a Project-based Unit","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Designs for Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"National Academy of Education","keywords":"Cognitive reframing; Charter; Framing (construction); Context (archaeology); Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Psychology; Engineering; Political science; Social psychology","score_opus":0.06593164926786071,"score_gpt":0.36744585339415564,"score_spread":0.3015142041262949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2264097634","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48959634,0.00021843692,0.50737387,0.001499259,0.0003463563,0.00032533283,0.0000038433686,0.000050721726,0.0005858597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94580436,0.0000611178,0.052725844,0.00006427743,0.00032385252,0.000010441427,9.983689e-7,0.000022882205,0.0009862368],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979672,0.00060445716,0.0004347553,0.00019154946,0.0005391859,0.00026284406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968783,0.0019263758,0.00058126164,0.000058478083,0.00042412794,0.00013143457],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004033027,0.00013454168,0.00019274888,0.00046989816,0.0007180509,0.00022058119,0.0003115479,0.00010894331,0.00002446885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005882638,0.00009821571,0.00007793443,0.000077551544,0.0001746466,0.0005090086,0.00004572933,0.0004126809,0.0000014051706],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003161432,0.00030172526,0.17834881,0.000084788044,0.000805593,0.00033034623,0.08139637,0.003044136,0.046256587,0.06038925,0.0007122894,0.6251687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04250935,0.013857976,0.05012556,0.015968252,0.00089302106,0.0018847205,0.05194647,0.022510039,0.025429225,0.07822145,0.69262165,0.004032293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000096132055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052538115,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6919094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113544236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00050231884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7042492},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2264537941","doi":"","title":"Problem-based Learning and the Teaching of Pharmacology","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"醫學教育","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Problem-based learning; Subject (documents); Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.014390051352906658,"score_gpt":0.33530187426159014,"score_spread":0.3209118229086835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2264537941","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51138026,0.0015261105,0.0026153997,0.02312622,0.0002650323,0.00074338337,7.960887e-7,0.00019823122,0.46014458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968917,0.00011442223,0.00091630477,0.00038669858,0.00011580183,0.0000136381905,7.0998294e-7,0.000005322327,0.0015554368],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864614,0.0008198337,0.00011321078,0.000099596655,0.00013229896,0.00018894834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993178,0.00050215045,0.00008850331,0.00003445308,0.000027368076,0.00002969023],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023559525,0.00005031398,0.00010431784,0.00004126356,0.0006433149,0.000024201463,0.00010865392,0.000043126336,0.00019006211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021451825,0.000035706504,0.000031195097,0.00011858602,0.000331473,0.00006459136,0.00002302755,0.0002872968,0.0000063960642],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00081873103,0.00017148543,0.2262667,0.00013099732,0.000106614825,0.000023882694,0.11662981,0.002489324,0.007816092,0.18589473,0.003946998,0.45570463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017049011,0.000064708176,0.00049277087,0.000028333514,0.00003296725,0.0000017933052,0.002227375,0.0011424442,0.0002536181,0.001801282,0.99214804,0.00010175477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017570605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008683751,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9882011,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014308873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009665546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49479234},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2266080683","doi":"10.4195/nse2014.07.0015","title":"Teaching Sustainable Soil Management: A Framework for Using Problem-Based Learning","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural sciences education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Work (physics); Natural resource management; Natural resource; Soil quality; Agriculture; Sustainable agriculture; Relevance (law); Sustainable development; Business; Environmental resource management; Mathematics education; Engineering; Sociology; Pedagogy; Environmental science; Psychology; Geography; Political science","score_opus":0.03640743226909352,"score_gpt":0.39158186529216904,"score_spread":0.3551744330230755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2266080683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45893192,0.0039433185,0.14775084,0.021634288,0.005049161,0.0049839057,0.0000017201544,0.000952426,0.35675243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81253225,0.0000033011258,0.18038021,0.00034736752,0.00040844665,0.000068014946,0.0000058721807,0.000008869359,0.006245644],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99800116,0.00034886165,0.00016778788,0.00033779297,0.00053521426,0.0006091707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909776,0.0002303875,0.00017206266,0.00008684632,0.00026560054,0.00014732893],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004912613,0.000111686946,0.000104082115,0.000242837,0.002917592,0.00041986813,0.00037341935,0.0000999446,0.000017511551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013129634,0.00010331274,0.000053700154,0.0008743742,0.00022279023,0.0007908605,0.000040584706,0.00037483074,0.000007064531],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002368935,0.00007510276,0.0027915584,0.00010879332,0.00000691604,6.4948006e-7,0.016009852,0.006353966,0.000029192244,0.90173876,0.00061294704,0.07224859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005504381,0.00025279704,0.00018941869,0.0003704445,0.000060619484,0.0000019188153,0.1888806,0.025788924,0.00011775793,0.3405817,0.44256285,0.00064253766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0056665703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000120834535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56115705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046205966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021493773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2269441444","doi":"","title":"Didactical Aspects of the Problem Based Teaching","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Goce Delchev University Repository (Goce Delčev University of Štip)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Feeling; Institution; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Educational institution; Process (computing); Foreign language; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Computer science; Psychology; Sociology; Social science; Social psychology","score_opus":0.007176734647087155,"score_gpt":0.21057082219163634,"score_spread":0.20339408754454918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2269441444","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.004058499,0.000096222175,0.0011180489,0.00054045225,0.00040759277,0.0005788064,0.000058432284,0.0002623516,0.99287957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.41336155,0.000083942236,0.0069004404,0.0000667163,0.0003045217,1.4538038e-7,0.000022975184,0.00017045139,0.5790893],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99661714,0.0011225671,0.00023518811,0.0006044795,0.0009040735,0.00051654916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99744046,0.00033449015,0.0010031485,0.00071753433,0.0002528402,0.00025150683],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079136516,0.00035109467,0.00058400223,0.000445167,0.0016093133,0.000033639928,0.001742396,0.0009894036,0.0005823184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013005143,0.00038966152,0.00047320584,0.00057131134,0.00159788,0.00024822468,0.00033883078,0.0015241957,0.000017064769],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019278033,0.0031376989,0.04394794,0.0035708153,0.0025287038,0.002053087,0.07225973,0.000539134,0.016465804,0.2751405,0.56294906,0.015479719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085167855,0.00008612151,0.00040961392,0.0005220816,0.0003930718,0.000007620978,0.008556118,0.00007904664,0.00045494526,0.000072770235,0.9880868,0.0004801414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024783507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007652054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42513773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000375707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021439118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2276489511","doi":"10.1007/s40596-016-0501-7","title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of Team-Based Learning Versus Lectures with Break-Out Groups on Knowledge Retention","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Psychiatry","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"National Institute of Mental Health","keywords":"Randomized controlled trial; Knowledge retention; Team-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Surgery","score_opus":0.023341519477762043,"score_gpt":0.32410935234944027,"score_spread":0.30076783287167824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2276489511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79663837,0.0028144263,0.005394459,0.010144726,0.0080846045,0.0075316164,0.000006031369,0.0005688882,0.16881685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99618,0.00022058495,0.000276637,0.00014605804,0.0010796604,0.00025143253,0.0000037043983,0.000027054612,0.0018148769],"study_design_codex":"randomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956008,0.0024499346,0.00061087,0.0003703271,0.0005283412,0.00043969142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959029,0.0030226933,0.0006711623,0.00017592906,0.000107661144,0.000119674034],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0049647056,0.00022728331,0.0008933021,0.00023291333,0.00041979316,0.000021004013,0.0003179963,0.00040958176,0.00014741026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021526522,0.0001306167,0.0003861952,0.0002959678,0.00042828728,0.00015218263,0.000017937406,0.00071745913,0.000044445587],"study_design_candidate":"randomized_trial","study_design_consensus":"randomized_trial","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.97956467,0.00008302146,0.00078929425,0.0000197116,0.00015237078,2.400649e-7,0.0020774081,0.000034031087,0.0002343349,0.013112641,0.0008241152,0.0031081592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.9892558,0.0009603506,0.000025301219,0.00045055416,0.00021416585,2.5637218e-7,0.00039028114,0.00005340415,0.000088365516,0.0023261814,0.006005509,0.00022981968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000112370275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018473642,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1995416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000092253504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00090436114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53263944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2277237219","doi":"10.14297/jpaap.v4i1.194","title":"Problem-based Learning and Theories of Teaching and Learning in Health Professional Education","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Active learning (machine learning); Problem-based learning; Experiential learning; Learning sciences; Open learning; Curriculum; Professional learning community; Mathematics education; Cooperative learning; Psychology; Learning theory; Pedagogy; Teaching and learning center; Teaching method; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.01418897793192352,"score_gpt":0.39138245456976306,"score_spread":0.37719347663783953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2277237219","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7704545,0.020046221,0.0052864105,0.10834774,0.00036367946,0.0012860408,0.000001400393,0.00006714734,0.09414685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837014,0.0026955123,0.012990833,0.00017037238,0.0001529593,0.000009039043,1.7463829e-7,0.000010373543,0.00026932434],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99605846,0.0025931543,0.00054726517,0.000187905,0.00036647354,0.00024671326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947185,0.003759064,0.0012801162,0.00003548153,0.00011621287,0.000090659494],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.016097356,0.00010261937,0.00026167356,0.00038496923,0.0003938939,0.000024476496,0.00012490517,0.00014194648,0.000015174862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0097788,0.00007748496,0.00002268506,0.0002500915,0.00027579724,0.0007002145,0.000042300384,0.0028382705,4.2815137e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00068286946,0.00021267626,0.04375758,0.00012936695,0.000019499608,0.0000024083922,0.22691318,0.0001948188,0.0061746305,0.3874085,0.000034482437,0.33446997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025809763,0.0004691345,0.0097448565,0.002901049,0.00002895842,0.000041223826,0.8266388,0.00006519535,0.00016875064,0.051360954,0.105672285,0.0003277985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035069408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027872067,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5997256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032114363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016718644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99946225},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2280113626","doi":"","title":"Problem-Based Learning Using Web-Based Group Discussions: A Positive Learning Experience for Undergraduate Students.","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"","keywords":"Group learning; Experiential learning; Problem-based learning; Group (periodic table); Active learning (machine learning); Computer science; Mathematics education; World Wide Web; Psychology; Multimedia; Medical education; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Chemistry","score_opus":0.029594707599085564,"score_gpt":0.37225673074668547,"score_spread":0.3426620231475999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2280113626","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15815623,0.00008928965,0.8009872,0.028675698,0.0009128166,0.0028942954,0.000032011812,0.0010130989,0.0072393827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9520692,0.000056577093,0.04357424,0.0006637527,0.00013220648,0.0014830721,0.0004914798,0.000019868048,0.0015095894],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980613,0.00012460719,0.0005209533,0.00030892863,0.0005397598,0.0004444587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99779606,0.00020626029,0.00060614164,0.00014349436,0.0011556848,0.00009238804],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011815631,0.00021905094,0.00018989596,0.00038279942,0.0017127881,0.0003970366,0.00068617647,0.0003292246,0.00013907981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008680052,0.00022512974,0.00025866207,0.0006461113,0.0003601998,0.0013702831,0.000063852785,0.0005385298,0.000013775748],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039993617,0.0011489609,0.2620991,0.00021450865,0.00030892243,3.707326e-7,0.076840445,0.009853015,0.0024526722,0.4191308,0.0026580172,0.22489326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003258941,0.00038563518,0.0013286371,0.0005183696,0.00010329915,0.0000040315144,0.14273788,0.15332791,0.00048951956,0.0150020225,0.6819809,0.0008628715],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026302517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000051541123,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.793913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006474765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015479214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2291562296","doi":"10.5539/ies.v9n2p51","title":"The Benefits of Adopting a Problem-Based Learning Approach on Students’ Learning Developments in Secondary Geography Lessons","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Class (philosophy); Variety (cybernetics); Teaching method; GRASP; Pedagogy; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.05991341718660963,"score_gpt":0.3945842650850953,"score_spread":0.33467084789848567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2291562296","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9170069,0.0025219705,0.00040022552,0.009570772,0.0014348484,0.0005470461,0.00000413572,0.000104597006,0.0684095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939704,0.00086204184,0.0022913683,0.00011877579,0.000105310384,0.00019868866,0.0000068309473,0.000011094813,0.0024354719],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981532,0.00035053308,0.0003500426,0.00024597978,0.0006519885,0.00024821702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99788797,0.0009215096,0.00031859576,0.00007189776,0.0007632174,0.000036785423],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019892748,0.00011699435,0.000143389,0.00030507403,0.0008140891,0.00007661688,0.00039371036,0.000048245285,0.000019148294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019661495,0.00007930123,0.000057471625,0.0003481095,0.00019931958,0.0001803761,0.00008320323,0.00026238066,0.0000104615765],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043383017,0.00020141684,0.546414,0.000021132226,0.000121972604,1.768705e-7,0.012781397,0.0016324568,0.00002587224,0.013571619,0.00013315708,0.4250534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013894872,0.0001414019,0.57723767,0.0014888573,0.000022679718,8.0852715e-7,0.051706094,0.00002737263,0.0002065263,0.0013811085,0.3659807,0.00041727495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032280674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022453895,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42463613,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022313582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005887091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62613976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2293085099","doi":"","title":"Facilitating Scientific Development in the ChemistryLaboratory by using Mixed Mode or Hybrid Guided Inquiry","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mode (computer interface); Engineering ethics; Computer science; Mathematics education; Management science; Engineering; Psychology; Human–computer interaction","score_opus":0.15405121646078151,"score_gpt":0.3707413388794104,"score_spread":0.2166901224186289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2293085099","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9724984,0.0007016694,0.00006107852,0.010289363,0.0008001422,0.000708203,0.000012583881,0.00008942627,0.014839139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9714405,0.00013638735,0.0014899537,0.0010219087,0.00025881245,0.00013028795,0.00006324612,0.00002647032,0.025432441],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99546915,0.0012504952,0.00070081354,0.00077384536,0.0010902999,0.00071538973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998192,0.00037580842,0.00071225304,0.00028934918,0.00021819849,0.00021240594],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033678103,0.00030918495,0.00031450216,0.0002070936,0.0014142812,0.00056692405,0.00041696487,0.00013421212,0.0003559383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038814152,0.00028017565,0.000032539734,0.0012491711,0.00033433535,0.00047184384,0.00006356338,0.0009738957,0.00003207033],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005922145,0.0015979862,0.19240652,0.0008188321,0.000054355696,0.000025199322,0.19015509,0.0021879256,0.006013875,0.05433783,0.020010976,0.5317992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014949669,0.00020371779,0.029206086,0.001394735,0.000021987973,0.000006030627,0.084446326,0.002141576,0.0013126241,0.0014849955,0.8769924,0.001294537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024070502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059958408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85698146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014039525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038956285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2294749830","doi":"10.1002/j.0022-0337.2011.75.8.tb05154.x","title":"Comparing Student‐Generated Learning Needs with Faculty Objectives in PBL Cases in Dental Education","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Dental education; Psychology; Significant difference; Small group learning; Medicine; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.05213522475964445,"score_gpt":0.3696718279431092,"score_spread":0.31753660318346477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2294749830","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854066,0.00038082607,0.000016666845,0.00004659121,0.00060117675,0.00016769805,2.8963933e-7,0.000010351772,0.013369828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984423,0.000051617033,0.0005755839,0.000040087532,0.00021946782,0.000011074823,0.000008400091,0.000010038478,0.00064143765],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860823,0.00038580902,0.00035730764,0.000109868255,0.00033863142,0.00020015806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925923,0.000050801602,0.00038851175,0.000045667708,0.0001618199,0.00009396506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078813185,0.0001012871,0.00017558303,0.0006258444,0.00019503874,0.00009149702,0.0001730514,0.000060130064,0.00011140577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001678469,0.00009300303,0.000039581446,0.00081327447,0.00006472304,0.00078278704,0.00001880968,0.00039419153,0.000009916659],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008688055,0.00064831536,0.89928156,0.000008106977,0.000011739741,0.000007356051,0.09298203,0.00018045068,0.00030863,0.0002671943,0.000042367228,0.00617538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041168,0.00017768753,0.59528387,0.00023451178,0.000015601372,0.000075869495,0.40270254,0.000016087468,0.00045893207,0.00004320339,0.00046710795,0.00011292644],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011887858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013190247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30972052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005802777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016977033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946921},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2302342653","doi":"","title":"Teaching and Learning of Pharmacology in Medical Schools: From Canada to Southeast Asia","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"醫學教育","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Clinical pharmacology; Curriculum; Medical education; Medicine; Subject (documents); Pharmacology; Physiology; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.010742982549172204,"score_gpt":0.3058055049445587,"score_spread":0.2950625223953865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2302342653","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9513777,0.000140864,0.000017152563,0.0074378783,0.00006976468,0.00007811621,0.0000028184554,0.000017226022,0.04085852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982568,0.000018130839,0.0002853318,0.0005371875,0.00014681598,0.000004275579,0.0000017199932,0.0000046178316,0.0007451384],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985042,0.0007555095,0.00013385694,0.0001329554,0.00026447533,0.00020899146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995512,0.0002478167,0.000027316968,0.00003138224,0.000010291591,0.00013198589],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012683602,0.000049691753,0.00011477599,0.000041312465,0.00024581692,0.0000120957575,0.00012522636,0.00006152659,0.0026001309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040997542,0.000050141814,0.000010274501,0.00011455524,0.000040658306,0.000052743704,0.000021592965,0.00061613513,0.000013297751],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008517016,0.000039006503,0.111415096,0.000014788593,0.000024677245,0.00006380872,0.049105704,0.00040383387,0.0009980949,0.0011727988,0.0026209762,0.834056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013230013,0.000103772814,0.04768069,0.00023237785,0.000022575581,0.0000027274825,0.051752497,0.0009771311,0.00020842603,0.00046012434,0.896876,0.00036069748],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9646972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.762788,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.894255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055790548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007099632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99831164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2307192379","doi":"","title":"APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROBLEMAS PROBLEM - BASED LEARNING","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Process (computing); Variety (cybernetics); Problem-based learning; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology","score_opus":0.0158922962558817,"score_gpt":0.2895836207897445,"score_spread":0.2736913245338628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2307192379","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.013020147,0.00015280124,0.04342787,0.009913013,0.0001977259,0.0009943278,0.0000017571928,0.001404091,0.9308883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9339594,0.00003386693,0.049773082,0.00064428407,0.00025559604,0.00007396986,0.000014103293,0.000035931247,0.015209757],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976356,0.0004930589,0.00028126177,0.00038086984,0.000529707,0.00067948684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921656,0.00019981453,0.000117615105,0.00016449136,0.00009435434,0.00020717781],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021617517,0.00018050919,0.00020627165,0.00016732498,0.0010724551,0.00017633596,0.00027067747,0.00018063719,0.0019815275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035229255,0.00016761594,0.000106191525,0.0006303431,0.00014933714,0.00039187746,0.000051012914,0.00048001448,0.00043885125],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000114706345,0.0005452396,0.035437502,0.00030911557,0.00010162002,0.0000742465,0.07817271,0.14723532,0.0033143256,0.63739073,0.002301919,0.09500254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017361501,0.0002957899,0.00076839695,0.00020497758,0.00003313758,0.0000035171863,0.0037809992,0.00028303475,0.0017608327,0.015521004,0.974905,0.0007071288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004969435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014197717,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9726031,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002342185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00094947574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989308},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2311525354","doi":"10.2196/mededu.5025","title":"Student Response to Remote-Online Case-Based Learning: A Qualitative Study","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Online learning; Mathematics education; Multimedia; Psychology","score_opus":0.039359317849350865,"score_gpt":0.4915418373714401,"score_spread":0.4521825195220892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2311525354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9419417,0.000027586937,0.0010753594,0.054695643,0.00035471047,0.000950919,0.000001955877,0.0001257566,0.0008263646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925264,0.0000038679013,0.00074143684,0.0014668839,0.0004089001,0.00013855942,0.000004528667,0.000014133295,0.004695289],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99331623,0.004689469,0.0002906756,0.00032790395,0.0010614384,0.00031429555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972814,0.0016580062,0.00011101795,0.00018203542,0.00022916743,0.00053838524],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0070040445,0.00011257832,0.00015381249,0.0001927786,0.0004729009,0.00004676658,0.00025151292,0.000117402335,0.0012858603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013264692,0.00008134295,0.000044768403,0.0005492208,0.00013726068,0.000111297224,0.0000408947,0.00025823075,0.00017145723],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049791264,0.0017872518,0.004137482,0.000008394799,0.000015801155,0.00007892312,0.7289173,0.000002309825,0.00011596779,0.00027646564,0.0030458597,0.26111633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012846299,0.0011844991,0.009152083,0.00023952239,0.000017526641,0.000010872797,0.7176786,0.000019166453,0.000013203885,0.00021768727,0.26992312,0.00025911446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022643972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019313343,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26687726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032939814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0042277174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996271},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2311631537","doi":"10.1002/j.0022-0337.2007.71.9.tb04380.x","title":"Investigating the Relationship Between PBL Process Grades and Content Acquisition Performance in a PBL Dental Program","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Reliability (semiconductor); Problem-based learning; Metric (unit); Correlation; Process (computing); Psychology; Significant difference; Mathematics education; Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.07664556850574913,"score_gpt":0.3943594366075255,"score_spread":0.3177138681017764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2311631537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99735755,0.0003664136,0.000027186654,0.00072220754,0.00021940004,0.0002736789,3.359496e-7,0.000010176162,0.0010230775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99875486,0.00002106616,0.0006172369,0.00008777912,0.0004160713,0.000009023725,0.0000034316197,0.0000049515147,0.00008556822],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989535,0.00015374503,0.00033844836,0.00007323582,0.00031979286,0.00016123353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991203,0.00028705905,0.00036508217,0.000034974873,0.00010495578,0.00008766063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024216103,0.00006007768,0.00008542748,0.00015550618,0.00041363647,0.00010913127,0.00011511071,0.000056694284,0.000008051856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005145322,0.00004671486,0.00002874132,0.00038172345,0.00014386499,0.0006564958,0.000010622634,0.00030492613,0.000002720124],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008848864,0.000056128516,0.94920033,0.000023588056,0.0000034875047,4.154369e-7,0.01668232,0.0000037936338,0.00006077857,0.0004541137,0.000013033111,0.033493184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019375299,0.000097877746,0.9358586,0.00023300531,0.000014318283,0.000023156135,0.062466685,0.000010371996,0.00017979104,0.0006944351,0.00017292942,0.000055095086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025533242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035692888,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.045784365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017684512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038491172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3181399},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2312224494","doi":"10.1177/000841740407100116","title":"Book Mark: Problem-Based Learning: A Self-Directed Journey","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Autodidacticism; Psychology; Computer science; Cognitive science; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.07049687402978254,"score_gpt":0.3519651510712307,"score_spread":0.28146827704144817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2312224494","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67266726,0.082970954,0.009017966,0.09592384,0.0047513894,0.0036756443,0.00009966365,0.0015713108,0.12932198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9706274,0.00082176767,0.018880386,0.006707374,0.0010775579,0.000013561304,0.000017937426,0.000048721853,0.0018052935],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815774,0.00039813793,0.0003785953,0.0001306282,0.0004903947,0.0004445188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980574,0.00014140162,0.0003903315,0.00007727408,0.00062904024,0.0007045568],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015205344,0.00013625927,0.00019236423,0.00047249586,0.000975904,0.00017493205,0.00032304472,0.00012355215,0.0019148341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029345634,0.00012886537,0.00015098222,0.0005036478,0.00013657284,0.00039457946,0.0000027044725,0.0004904495,0.000030764695],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025511615,0.00073067826,0.46895233,0.00009162472,0.0011663733,0.0011563841,0.114519276,0.10141599,0.00080661045,0.042002227,0.21215452,0.05445281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016374363,0.00027997408,0.013567194,0.00008919216,0.000011306913,0.00002095376,0.00025763604,0.000046659552,0.000088649766,0.0015276893,0.9822788,0.00019445691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010305515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012256525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7701243,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006261083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01769627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99899757},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2316512760","doi":"10.1097/nnd.0b013e31819b562c","title":"Problem-Based Learning","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal for Nurses in Staff Development","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Narrative; Professional development; Medical education; Professional learning community; Community hospital; Key (lock); Psychology; Nursing; Computer science; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.06248848719991663,"score_gpt":0.4234196633915451,"score_spread":0.36093117619162846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2316512760","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000007849168,0.98146945,0.00043012193,0.00010672426,0.007024172,0.0018753818,0.000005542626,0.000087270746,0.008993492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000027354913,0.95755106,0.023876896,0.000022240765,0.00061337894,0.000358073,0.000050747523,0.00007990912,0.017444985],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962282,0.00063160993,0.0011555568,0.0003978645,0.0006804869,0.00090625754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977355,0.0006623747,0.00098662,0.00014386477,0.00021177733,0.00025986135],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00479593,0.00041670163,0.0011432442,0.0007022533,0.0016533728,0.00037278343,0.00069588004,0.0006309499,0.00023266737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008921313,0.00035276718,0.00042256797,0.0006057901,0.000130271,0.00019396255,0.000044275508,0.0026073928,0.000051465297],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009631528,0.00008345522,0.000027524402,0.0017963564,0.00003191813,0.00001732713,0.0037278396,0.000026775822,1.0434184e-7,0.0003826136,0.0012591517,0.9926373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031726243,0.00008415132,8.1697914e-7,0.011769935,0.00007931959,0.000015756763,0.00051965506,0.00000286472,7.293755e-7,0.00024745383,0.9864801,0.00048195722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000357104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041488945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9921554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00097127695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008831259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2317482080","doi":"10.5194/hessd-9-707-2012","title":"Engaging the students of today and preparing the catchment hydrologists of tomorrow: student-centered approaches in hydrology education","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Novelty; Reading (process); Mathematics education; Computer science; Resource (disambiguation); Teaching method; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Psychology; Political science","score_opus":0.05593372879514618,"score_gpt":0.359691951367049,"score_spread":0.3037582225719028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2317482080","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97698265,0.0008518969,0.000024901816,0.0009882974,0.0001289613,0.00042364042,2.6235006e-7,0.000009992276,0.020589374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99944353,0.00007039959,0.000077690376,0.000112974936,0.000051112544,0.00004384995,8.6756273e-7,0.0000035226237,0.00019606295],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998386,0.000774281,0.00022675554,0.000115828305,0.00025684797,0.0002402705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993618,0.0002874827,0.0001495686,0.00014951298,0.000018866838,0.000032749525],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037948275,0.00006652933,0.00012304801,0.000051583826,0.00020453197,0.000020876801,0.0003495557,0.00004579246,0.000016461521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000114808194,0.000039120656,0.000025039903,0.00015264333,0.0002394722,0.00012855638,0.00015779481,0.00014129776,8.769576e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000109754355,0.0002195901,0.82199913,0.000012774587,0.000016760012,3.102848e-8,0.16686687,0.0000611142,0.00010233046,0.0043104393,0.000022098344,0.006377899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006891061,0.00011980746,0.75356823,0.00006744308,0.00005997179,0.0000022658671,0.23915161,0.00024614375,0.0016614355,0.00092422654,0.0033237485,0.0001860239],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0044228197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016901112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07228476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000413584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000861394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.668601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2324325610","doi":"10.5430/wje.v6n2p12","title":"The Impact of Adaptive Complex Assessment on the HOT Skill Development of Students","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Formative assessment; Summative assessment; Higher-order thinking; Mathematics education; Adaptability; Psychology; Medical education; Teaching method","score_opus":0.06359686470407153,"score_gpt":0.4387951662370148,"score_spread":0.3751983015329433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2324325610","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811661,0.00012555312,0.00035691162,0.0037221112,0.00035134848,0.00019311703,0.0000011068541,0.0000021314115,0.014081586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99806195,0.000060783557,0.0008684501,0.00003446863,0.00011189105,0.0000034932837,2.0842853e-7,0.0000030653532,0.00085567357],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986804,0.0003764522,0.00031587246,0.000044119657,0.0004725155,0.00011064611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981293,0.0007363419,0.00068857096,0.00007881811,0.00032389627,0.00004308694],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00257531,0.0000507406,0.00009793304,0.000090181544,0.00032141386,0.000024859792,0.0003214027,0.0000132401565,0.0002093105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019772307,0.00002091771,0.00007268177,0.00020660373,0.0001021917,0.000088314875,0.000017091368,0.00009660143,0.0000027127503],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004223755,0.0014708672,0.21171363,0.000011122713,0.00051904726,4.4486768e-7,0.09404813,0.000100296216,0.0061164717,0.05464433,0.020887036,0.61006624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002645887,0.00025536996,0.9649503,0.00034522667,0.000016892403,6.4494697e-7,0.012559546,0.0000022255015,0.0006574871,0.0024235877,0.018460479,0.000063621665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017212317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028348493,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7532367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031756912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021612444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3833955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326901138","doi":"10.21125/inted.2016.1329","title":"ACTIVE LEARNING IN BLENDED INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS COURSE FOR SCIENCE PROGRAMS: INSTRUCTOR’S EXPERIENCE OF NCAT REDESIGN","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INTED proceedings","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grading (engineering); Blended learning; Higher education; Mathematics education; Student engagement; Virtual learning environment; Government (linguistics); Computer science; Engineering management; Medical education; Engineering; Psychology; Multimedia; Educational technology; Political science; Medicine","score_opus":0.029263086473369025,"score_gpt":0.329812340997662,"score_spread":0.300549254524293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2326901138","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896387,0.000044136537,0.00077316107,0.00095454155,0.00026114055,0.0008835098,0.000002343454,0.00017647882,0.007266025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969708,0.000028102944,0.00209614,0.000026188129,0.00022357597,0.00017555406,8.3317843e-7,0.000017993374,0.00046086192],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99797875,0.000046036515,0.00031621518,0.0004991439,0.00053045567,0.0006293887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99842757,0.0001811161,0.00032497742,0.00009073467,0.00085713604,0.00011848534],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017299567,0.0001551185,0.00023604801,0.00019066244,0.00044661164,0.00008168712,0.00056783773,0.00010182211,0.000031047606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025001385,0.00012550376,0.000060357335,0.0012993373,0.0017395671,0.0012785145,0.00007651047,0.0002339485,0.000004119139],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033411192,0.00016040317,0.026989158,0.00008154803,0.000017538514,7.3831916e-7,0.21363062,0.000003859569,0.30915666,0.046838593,0.00011808072,0.40266868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031552864,0.0013499549,0.00486578,0.0018000691,0.000046512698,0.0000046777327,0.23592302,0.00038567578,0.69647574,0.01850601,0.036380664,0.0011065918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003585462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057219757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4015621,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003289944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010924761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64095074},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2328384440","doi":"10.15766/mep_2374-8265.7910","title":"PedsCases - A Learning Module for Evaluation of a Pediatric Limp for Medical Students","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MedEdPORTAL","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Limp; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Surgery","score_opus":0.04330045750732969,"score_gpt":0.42092673668639063,"score_spread":0.37762627917906094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2328384440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994967,0.0000916955,0.000860779,0.00029788708,0.00055225607,0.00095413486,0.000008230274,0.000050802173,0.0022172346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971236,0.000015993954,0.00085539883,0.00003347359,0.0010589162,0.0002889107,0.000029534058,0.00001338875,0.00058080687],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974197,0.00017257295,0.00026920548,0.00019695498,0.0016559928,0.00028554862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986839,0.0005204363,0.0001949886,0.00008821412,0.00038151458,0.0001308988],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0084384065,0.000080239035,0.00015366067,0.000101366924,0.00040727746,0.000046300098,0.0003089141,0.0001521548,0.000954991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007984491,0.00007672615,0.00010661575,0.00018909699,0.00008029436,0.00012566872,0.00003391627,0.0002021375,0.000005891743],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020688894,0.0006192545,0.83269787,0.00022915172,0.00010877565,0.0000046263726,0.019482728,0.00020777315,0.00067072606,0.008226451,0.0050201085,0.13252565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.050905302,0.00615801,0.22412306,0.00032403434,0.0052217557,0.00003726471,0.040749438,0.12722374,0.007008614,0.040878773,0.4932832,0.0040868],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036726822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002088653,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6085748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021558993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008838996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2329938058","doi":"10.15766/mep_2374-8265.9311","title":"I-PASS Handoff Curriculum: Core Resident Workshop","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MedEdPORTAL","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children","funders":"","keywords":"Handover; Curriculum; Core (optical fiber); Computer science; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Telecommunications; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.03451601776138468,"score_gpt":0.3278230961598566,"score_spread":0.2933070783984719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2329938058","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8457405,0.00027888108,0.0001118591,0.0029688783,0.0006082926,0.0004488543,0.0000013428498,0.00022248262,0.14961892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9765046,0.000041683546,0.00039979743,0.00027294183,0.0004630872,0.00007901807,0.000010836058,0.000013815824,0.022214197],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99849176,0.0001234494,0.00021849971,0.00024541872,0.0004413185,0.00047952973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929494,0.00010499435,0.00010744072,0.00017708256,0.00010546115,0.00021006515],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005823665,0.00011624363,0.00015258936,0.0000675186,0.0005699648,0.00017151498,0.00023415578,0.000116400304,0.011141735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037738218,0.000102640646,0.00008048817,0.00033288778,0.00018350585,0.0003350233,0.00004736195,0.00023245525,0.0014611788],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017730135,0.00017810703,0.40244925,0.000040453255,0.00007982559,0.00014962038,0.043358605,0.00004527818,0.0007291259,0.061271157,0.43420714,0.057473715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017779054,0.00017741317,0.097643875,0.00030406856,0.000098365796,0.000020751373,0.083347,0.00073677395,0.00061600015,0.031261045,0.7824296,0.0015871947],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012739781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043323534,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34822246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005810909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020549656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2330407772","doi":"10.2202/1548-923x.2197","title":"Implementing Team Based Learning in Large Classes: Nurse Educators' Experiences","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Workload; Preparedness; Team-based learning; Class (philosophy); Attrition; Status quo; Nursing; Medical education; Reading (process); Debriefing; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Political science","score_opus":0.10974467234558885,"score_gpt":0.49674241340424435,"score_spread":0.3869977410586555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2330407772","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0014116757,0.96683294,0.00017653174,0.0005536791,0.009459172,0.0003985016,0.000005839711,0.00004442262,0.021117246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04327257,0.948944,0.0027840268,0.0002658962,0.0035982674,0.00011545438,0.00009086924,0.00007181407,0.0008571508],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99479,0.0019173515,0.0013485289,0.00032855378,0.0009983402,0.0006171957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959216,0.0005180043,0.0022301571,0.00015569682,0.0009427555,0.00023176635],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0072367513,0.0002998126,0.0007133524,0.0017656268,0.0004875185,0.0005762789,0.0013870427,0.0003166367,0.00081176485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00280523,0.0002905419,0.00044089113,0.00074175204,0.00014967668,0.0012351675,0.00003095725,0.0018519958,0.000043964814],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016227792,0.00068509387,0.0027039037,0.000162051,0.00005384464,0.000005386218,0.047250688,0.0000013832156,3.3587574e-7,0.0018398353,0.00085686287,0.94642437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021364441,0.00004520216,0.00012269072,0.020224985,0.000109044726,0.000042496038,0.05807356,0.0000010208801,0.0000017347938,0.0003967876,0.9205087,0.00026012736],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000106478416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000056957404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94616425,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016908679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.012201174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2342033724","doi":"10.17483/2368-6669.1060","title":"A Capstone Project: A way to Integrate Knowledge and Empower Students to Become Change Agents in the Practice Setting.","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quality Advancement in Nursing Education - Avancées en formation infirmière","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Nipissing University","funders":"","keywords":"Capstone; Knowledge management; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Process management; Engineering management; Medical education; Business; Engineering; Medicine","score_opus":0.07836971042782118,"score_gpt":0.5000047759280095,"score_spread":0.42163506550018837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2342033724","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8411454,0.0005234398,0.0026301518,0.13073687,0.0017586431,0.005378247,0.000022459455,0.000104488216,0.017700287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99180347,0.00022922503,0.0026503305,0.0032490513,0.000199147,0.0009931735,0.000022776712,0.000013639075,0.000839218],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966997,0.0014860199,0.0005734889,0.00030307937,0.00053958094,0.0003981598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859077,0.0006163774,0.00025597942,0.00023008061,0.00020619428,0.00010061722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0052711326,0.00016410748,0.00017596118,0.00046971574,0.00035329047,0.0001613171,0.00034117568,0.00007518751,0.000034609693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015398023,0.00012410368,0.000025627385,0.00091267895,0.00006745228,0.0019282078,0.00004937761,0.00018081309,0.00007713194],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000085299536,0.000706333,0.0076104356,0.00006137847,0.0000045316815,3.2409477e-7,0.65993834,0.0000083791665,0.000052841395,0.0077638146,0.0018720006,0.32189634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007074621,0.00016426889,0.049424175,0.0018548787,0.00001183558,0.0000026654518,0.1745962,0.000012998812,0.00005273454,0.0011050537,0.7717449,0.00032280918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016233117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002830659,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7698729,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009895227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020963853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5060801},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2342304214","doi":"","title":"baseada na ABP, essa experiência mostra que tal metodologia pode ser utilizada de forma bem sucedida em algumas disciplinas do currículo. Palavras-Chave: Aprendizagem Baseada no Problema, Raciocínio Clínico,","year":2010,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Psychology; Occupational therapy; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.027940551807190833,"score_gpt":0.33274303758508633,"score_spread":0.3048024857778955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2342304214","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8997855,0.0015449995,0.007761288,0.0036063227,0.0073166955,0.004897278,0.00068690197,0.0016142061,0.0727868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96360433,0.00035503405,0.004897514,0.0011265773,0.0017622167,0.0005132562,0.00035740706,0.00026864745,0.027114993],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.98566425,0.0023524484,0.002206565,0.0026783808,0.0025743365,0.004523991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925584,0.0015376545,0.0012463223,0.0018643397,0.0008919561,0.0019012953],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008076322,0.0019200054,0.0017796269,0.0005712393,0.0039364533,0.0015592108,0.0028252667,0.0021268995,0.016132364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017610983,0.0017487097,0.0010496308,0.0021655054,0.0011597766,0.0028852646,0.0013428126,0.0043660915,0.0012994473],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0031906737,0.0066434466,0.18258949,0.0045059733,0.0021961976,0.0015726712,0.40189835,0.0017345595,0.062165435,0.10439809,0.12779501,0.10131008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.020796994,0.0057915905,0.03166582,0.00353152,0.00230358,0.0005235341,0.4509804,0.07596113,0.051517315,0.010478147,0.32426667,0.022183295],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011523144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0430952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19647165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00069908204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0036491854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99947816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2344321693","doi":"10.2196/mededu.5348","title":"Exploring Student Preconceptions of Readiness for Remote-Online Case-Based Learning: A Case Study","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Collaborative learning; Work (physics); Educational technology; Multimedia; Mathematics education; World Wide Web; Knowledge management; Psychology; Engineering","score_opus":0.1425666586291202,"score_gpt":0.4599549467592002,"score_spread":0.31738828813007997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2344321693","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99164104,0.000035087465,0.002736675,0.003504831,0.0005161598,0.0012001307,0.000004125974,0.000078892954,0.00028305443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99710906,0.000020965615,0.000934368,0.000080559206,0.0005941623,0.00052234245,0.00000867369,0.000013721113,0.0007161627],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828184,0.00044890176,0.00033164985,0.0002461213,0.0004565178,0.00023497762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984591,0.00069667253,0.00017603581,0.0001569178,0.00027433422,0.00023693976],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016151842,0.000093595474,0.00016316936,0.00013324362,0.0004433214,0.000021969767,0.00015309612,0.00008366425,0.00037311635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027703203,0.00007116485,0.00006137322,0.00030881478,0.00014836628,0.00022853377,0.000021626072,0.00015509689,0.0000055027467],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048637106,0.002400869,0.02561406,0.000074982854,0.00002854351,0.00019257124,0.10214258,0.00001372912,0.00006658553,0.00040778038,0.00040166592,0.868608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005428852,0.0021254679,0.008840965,0.0011427536,0.00020414001,0.00072913937,0.8532671,0.0006621171,0.00014099991,0.00039441435,0.12635644,0.00070760626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004672371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004160696,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8679004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014514553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020254063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70632577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2344449746","doi":"10.5539/ies.v9n5p166","title":"Does Problem-Based Learning Improve Problem Solving Skills?—A Study among Business Undergraduates at Malaysian Premier Technical University","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Class (philosophy); Control (management); Psychology; Teaching method; Mathematics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.016489901104201114,"score_gpt":0.32111067232992013,"score_spread":0.304620771225719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2344449746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9438419,0.00016888445,0.0018502497,0.026412386,0.002795306,0.0014630045,0.00001261748,0.000498321,0.022957362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9520698,0.0001607302,0.0027349158,0.0000686815,0.0002973396,0.00007523367,0.000009391444,0.000019463301,0.044564445],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979308,0.00036740067,0.0003003646,0.0004926217,0.00057208736,0.00033672858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969787,0.0005866468,0.00032506834,0.00015151357,0.0018630724,0.000094981595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096936617,0.00019575076,0.00021060258,0.00026706484,0.0011723067,0.00010094362,0.00040822607,0.00008880492,0.00020647151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015067965,0.00012591359,0.00006708565,0.00044818895,0.00039552795,0.0006275064,0.00022257309,0.00018358867,0.00004710837],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000799267,0.00095160824,0.9437304,0.000056477602,0.00027331957,0.0000049203322,0.015804762,0.00021076285,0.002538706,0.0028763926,0.0021942528,0.03127843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002787973,0.00036183366,0.4539649,0.0013791254,0.0002386725,0.0000029342718,0.08625266,0.000040747225,0.0013703526,0.0088284705,0.4434308,0.0013415106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015649908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004579853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48976552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014051544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007100854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9016554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2345526790","doi":"10.1177/1475725716645961","title":"Learner Perspectives of Online Problem-Based Learning and Applications from Cognitive Load Theory","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychology Learning & Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Cognitive load; Cognition; Mathematics education; Psychology; Online learning; Class (philosophy); Computer science; Multimedia; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.017472084190257777,"score_gpt":0.3642768376440573,"score_spread":0.3468047534537996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2345526790","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67695886,0.003590888,0.20921937,0.006144165,0.00013042528,0.00095192273,0.000027155396,0.00076558656,0.102211624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99210626,0.00027742033,0.0046203155,0.0001931752,0.00029386522,0.00006470759,0.000016871214,0.00003957639,0.0023877842],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99487066,0.0033514556,0.00033535177,0.00064918486,0.00032137884,0.00047196704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962608,0.0028760843,0.0003880942,0.00014884531,0.00019614844,0.00013000397],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036026356,0.00021099075,0.00031863304,0.0001969345,0.0012622761,0.0000440493,0.00023718616,0.00023481715,0.00047245005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002805577,0.0001739843,0.000095364776,0.00021692434,0.0008916604,0.00021921915,0.00006504669,0.0013105549,0.00004540696],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023174971,0.00028736857,0.15961951,0.000018286048,0.00011231872,0.0000033853194,0.05665809,0.0000633467,0.0050805365,0.017034046,0.000026672635,0.7608647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008895278,0.0020611996,0.080448195,0.0017929918,0.000462975,0.000011702315,0.21548693,0.0002599871,0.000288394,0.0409531,0.647386,0.0019532212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008002881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017644436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7589115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007471641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024891764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97085345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2346122463","doi":"","title":"Integration of PBL Methodologies into Online Learning Courses and Programs.","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Association for Development of the Information Society","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Bachelor; Problem-based learning; Educational technology; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Technology integration; Computer science; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Multimedia; Psychology","score_opus":0.050579524466237695,"score_gpt":0.3592164998109588,"score_spread":0.3086369753447211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2346122463","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7833293,0.00003435599,0.19415468,0.009438035,0.0012938916,0.0010486426,0.000025340016,0.00015533302,0.0105204135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8608077,0.00003685906,0.13778973,0.00014990506,0.000058863297,0.00003109082,0.00012213006,0.0000038124253,0.0009998925],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986988,0.00016064811,0.0004484603,0.00006337606,0.0005209457,0.000107789405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976837,0.0005636611,0.0009286332,0.000042366995,0.0007629275,0.000018682691],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0034758644,0.00006675009,0.00011941691,0.00004974858,0.00039464593,0.00005704567,0.00020511549,0.000101363905,0.000008285785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0032237773,0.00005391998,0.00009800411,0.00015405139,0.00007518143,0.00059146463,0.000061193365,0.000112050955,0.0000010970047],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004180575,0.0000674668,0.080432266,0.00012533861,0.00029874814,2.4125346e-9,0.24522951,0.00056523154,0.0014529377,0.04211854,0.0010649106,0.6286032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010346987,0.00007261841,0.05968828,0.00019750193,0.000042351287,1.9423723e-7,0.040284652,0.0061091003,0.010176594,0.009094053,0.873053,0.00024695767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010306631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000096785036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87198806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026804188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001716145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38593954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2346799424","doi":"10.47678/cjhe.v45i4.184758","title":"A Large, First-Year, Introductory, Multi-Sectional Biological Concepts of Health Course Designed to Develop Skills and Enhance Deeper Learning","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Mathematics education; Cognitive skill; Class (philosophy); Psychology; Cognition; Teaching method; Active learning (machine learning); Course (navigation); Medical education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Engineering; Medicine","score_opus":0.03967443955354539,"score_gpt":0.37576597730761985,"score_spread":0.33609153775407447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2346799424","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9780353,0.006310983,0.0027725047,0.01006915,0.0020991347,0.0002660141,0.000004800736,0.000011084034,0.00043105762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901343,0.000032581967,0.006993738,0.00049930805,0.00042299484,0.0000043205214,0.0000042009124,0.0000065349254,0.0019020006],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986515,0.00049091596,0.00029140274,0.00012227954,0.00016529388,0.0002785943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99814755,0.00009607833,0.00027915402,0.00004804866,0.00077179103,0.0006573888],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020869507,0.00007095567,0.00016222865,0.00016474279,0.00036519737,0.00004124356,0.00012028629,0.00007355814,0.00025869766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011003906,0.00006672228,0.000021337564,0.00035897933,0.00011634763,0.0001488134,0.000006731979,0.00019050179,0.000008979326],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018504106,0.00011372353,0.9177152,0.000013626076,0.000024281733,0.000001797883,0.053866204,0.00015541316,0.00005169671,0.0030338324,0.02062985,0.00437589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003695839,0.0002838282,0.4832618,0.00009007888,0.0000074854565,0.0000073687474,0.00832813,0.0000010553553,0.00004601551,0.00035937293,0.5071098,0.00013548472],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005190294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018871527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48647997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036153558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.011850756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2362825692","doi":"","title":"Advantages and disadvantages of problem-based learning(PBL) in medical teaching","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Basic & Clinical Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Affect (linguistics); Mathematics education; Computer science; Teaching method; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Medical education; Medicine; Communication","score_opus":0.027619766837732703,"score_gpt":0.4274877055639258,"score_spread":0.3998679387261931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2362825692","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82400393,0.0018669498,0.0059864256,0.05836322,0.00078855664,0.00087860954,0.000002305232,0.00028110892,0.107828885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99515826,0.00076877116,0.0017196848,0.0013223094,0.0006450148,0.000013847083,0.0000070593387,0.000018219669,0.00034681777],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9947623,0.0025882137,0.0009690072,0.00041952633,0.0008414838,0.00041947069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9919582,0.007121631,0.00031475254,0.00018556208,0.000058654517,0.00036121535],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.017804839,0.0001653918,0.0006421896,0.00016513125,0.00025075342,0.000012177145,0.00030879918,0.0002629365,0.00044205075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.028651468,0.0001271752,0.000072555464,0.00025475392,0.0014306814,0.00012306053,0.000071919196,0.0012425432,0.0000084410785],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007620789,0.00015197723,0.5875572,0.00010939185,0.000010276796,0.000013477872,0.0023581036,0.00001900099,0.000052008254,0.0113528855,0.00035018154,0.3979493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0098970095,0.0036197295,0.19786353,0.004043126,0.00012058367,0.000006089746,0.0054117893,0.0031549043,0.00004401803,0.008414759,0.76674455,0.00067987706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018655773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009208241,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7663944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025961035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026253593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97953063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2368084683","doi":"10.18192/riss-ijhs.v2i2.1521","title":"Case Based Learning Teaching Methodology in Undergraduate Health Sciences","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"University of Ottawa","keywords":"Session (web analytics); Medical education; Scale (ratio); Psychology; Health science; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.1733115355739113,"score_gpt":0.5196799579368087,"score_spread":0.34636842236289733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2368084683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86465085,0.013933147,0.05356347,0.035720903,0.0022388485,0.00070068904,0.000005771833,0.00015162703,0.029034695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9071093,0.00039286996,0.09125735,0.00054805924,0.0005774258,0.000015099357,7.867838e-7,0.000025007988,0.00007406841],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9731342,0.019670581,0.0022713537,0.0008098577,0.0012978977,0.0028160783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9899711,0.006206672,0.002559094,0.00022945205,0.00017511846,0.00085853593],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.14667493,0.00047470527,0.0011918367,0.0022572551,0.017564964,0.0007045839,0.002153253,0.000233843,0.0000932057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029046976,0.00039114428,0.00041812228,0.0032246055,0.013630504,0.0030970585,0.0009512336,0.0016894845,0.000011491452],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015819701,0.0008317105,0.23996662,0.0006714932,0.00005009765,0.0008807513,0.44079012,0.030251196,0.000118489275,0.032643694,0.0014297173,0.2522079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025252125,0.016949654,0.037129518,0.01322463,0.000092137576,0.03383363,0.6404302,0.028011722,0.00013490488,0.21941997,0.0058591636,0.0023892533],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016825178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024103476,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24981867,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001932707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005675801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999611},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2385287289","doi":"","title":"Introduction to an Experiment Teaching Method Using BCG to Carry Out An Improved Acid-Fast Staining","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Microbiology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"L'Alliance Boviteq","funders":"","keywords":"Staining; Acid-fast; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Stain; Tubercle; Chemistry; Biology; Microbiology; Tuberculosis; Pathology; Bacteria; Medicine; Sputum","score_opus":0.0492912221228298,"score_gpt":0.38509077930413904,"score_spread":0.33579955718130927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2385287289","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.944085,0.00012684158,0.051064614,0.003641633,0.0007294175,0.00018706672,0.0000019785834,0.0000214494,0.00014199853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90360546,0.000013714035,0.09307635,0.0008269179,0.0022925274,0.0000016089755,0.0000018177434,0.000015805994,0.00016580935],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960855,0.002919117,0.00035437534,0.00017103319,0.00008977704,0.00038019437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909425,0.00011087653,0.00027907357,0.00017535554,0.0001597658,0.00018066906],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0065591503,0.00011771404,0.0002479088,0.00017718824,0.001077184,0.000032582353,0.00040823812,0.00009265207,0.00004732423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033419003,0.00008589662,0.000056012945,0.00013297338,0.00009384825,0.00028296965,0.000069636226,0.00046768304,0.000009180342],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014819739,0.00002742721,0.000056475907,0.0000011715938,0.000019256544,0.0000030044287,0.15559348,0.001589328,0.832183,0.00004627009,0.00027708398,0.010055312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013824347,0.0059379633,0.00021236166,0.00009392335,0.00016597791,0.0019426823,0.2537825,0.00078419066,0.4394482,0.0002074231,0.29516298,0.0008793473],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011952851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033129644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39273477,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024376495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031088942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82849365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2401646966","doi":"","title":"Problem based learning in the 3rd world context.","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Context (archaeology)","score_opus":0.04284758926722772,"score_gpt":0.2747025842926798,"score_spread":0.2318549950254521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2401646966","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07657504,0.0005088892,0.00036019992,0.033915073,0.00020892033,0.0021235333,7.588651e-7,0.0003085179,0.8859991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987319,0.000022796889,0.0001094065,0.0019032162,0.00016779281,0.001039761,0.0000024258807,0.000009013932,0.009426604],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978976,0.00083872175,0.00016594953,0.00018075538,0.00033391739,0.00058300816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992698,0.00043849007,0.000074255055,0.00011092884,0.000032605447,0.00007396415],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004183209,0.000084220235,0.000106745756,0.00015004101,0.0004824091,0.00014662121,0.00032559969,0.000051365165,0.00015931197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044656795,0.00006435326,0.000049684968,0.0010273427,0.000107401036,0.00017159463,0.000016987378,0.0003952266,0.000035137553],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033779932,0.000051181887,0.23061854,0.000007783172,0.00000444828,0.000024127778,0.008698886,0.00030567893,0.0000018257755,0.010113601,0.0015288044,0.74861133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003366675,0.000008569192,0.104472294,0.000010798738,0.00000457015,6.313802e-7,0.0021359853,0.00006082719,0.000005477107,0.0008975439,0.8919598,0.00010686047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029780068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017177552,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91074395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000082737206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011270991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95854765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2409217791","doi":"10.1039/b111668c","title":"FocusA problem-based, self-directed approach to the teaching of the principles of environmental and human toxicology","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental toxicology; Toxicology; Biochemical engineering; Computational biology; Computer science; Engineering; Chemistry; Biology; Toxicity","score_opus":0.024156758760866055,"score_gpt":0.255213743925412,"score_spread":0.23105698516454595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2409217791","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938914,0.0005682704,0.000023483808,0.0003170324,0.00016222618,0.00030504778,0.0000059175945,0.000014252771,0.0047123604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942143,0.000088890076,0.005200925,0.00002105408,0.00026681588,0.000006723179,2.1100277e-7,0.000013457312,0.00018764302],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998105,0.00053349015,0.00045637914,0.0001409431,0.0005236159,0.0002405995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990271,0.00016335965,0.00055557763,0.00015562521,0.000005248672,0.00009313958],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012261784,0.00012510589,0.00021872667,0.00008056916,0.00064496085,0.000024535817,0.0004148531,0.000080244536,0.000052361313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048939917,0.0000827237,0.000112048445,0.000078381185,0.00025731305,0.00015134086,0.00014005856,0.00043165355,0.0000016243529],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045067176,0.0013390529,0.7639028,0.000065510416,0.00015727217,0.000004342498,0.041396134,0.0027546098,0.17399102,0.0005575928,0.000069108,0.015717497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018473336,0.0011964396,0.90452987,0.00036676365,0.00026641577,0.000051543477,0.020829778,0.00050416996,0.03022082,0.00012925957,0.039556455,0.00050115614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006896019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005690799,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1437702,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000205339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020400226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49605826},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2409568023","doi":"10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v30n4p341","title":"Is Problem-Based Learning a Quality Approach to Education in Health Sciences?","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medicine; Curriculum; Medical education; Globe; Quality (philosophy); Presentation (obstetrics); Skepticism; Perspective (graphical); Lifelong learning; Pedagogy; Psychology","score_opus":0.2170160697591001,"score_gpt":0.49344256161848965,"score_spread":0.27642649185938956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2409568023","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26925948,0.0021255089,0.00043023573,0.6221514,0.00011161445,0.0011179361,0.000002066123,0.00004681738,0.10475494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795125,0.00024016754,0.002111404,0.017120872,0.00015450135,0.000012209876,0.0000016962733,0.000007861033,0.0008387763],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99664646,0.0011889047,0.0006495651,0.00027512433,0.000834137,0.0004057953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986977,0.0002454761,0.00070259394,0.00011461995,0.0001033461,0.00013625831],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013630469,0.00011047637,0.00033896815,0.00029413565,0.0004651552,0.00000927378,0.00061666366,0.000106150444,0.00004081207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018449256,0.00007957594,0.00007185804,0.0018084227,0.00080455956,0.0001364105,0.00005216069,0.00046365734,0.0000016608763],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025699046,0.00092335005,0.32365867,0.0013555627,0.000037650323,2.0348475e-7,0.14612916,0.011494441,0.0016707756,0.10193601,0.0671611,0.3453761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019352342,0.0011799337,0.14326404,0.007598168,0.000028486887,0.0000043631294,0.044769004,0.0009154887,0.002987685,0.047067896,0.7495894,0.000660312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010435279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007202522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.710253,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004367233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013815833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2409892618","doi":"","title":"Competency assessment in a team-based laboratory.","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Burnaby Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Engineering; Engineering management; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.016896763056513074,"score_gpt":0.2829827805192332,"score_spread":0.26608601746272015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2409892618","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2608428,0.00016798917,0.000036420995,0.0054788506,0.00012681463,0.00090289785,0.000005555875,0.00018034839,0.7322583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99612045,0.000024719115,0.00057373225,0.0009978277,0.000088775574,0.0006978134,0.000003099194,0.000007335128,0.0014862166],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860185,0.00039591285,0.00014269416,0.00016650275,0.0002574058,0.00043561583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961793,0.00010133581,0.000034096563,0.00010770067,0.00002929652,0.0001096195],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015075451,0.00006792817,0.00010315338,0.000083006016,0.00020033853,0.0000627621,0.00016959313,0.000060522994,0.0010120852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007798565,0.000068525624,0.000028653523,0.00056038087,0.000078130346,0.00014157734,0.0000059930126,0.00019161256,0.00004700489],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034341083,0.00024106978,0.253107,0.000020798367,0.000010042577,0.00002037217,0.0037773605,0.00044903564,0.000012282547,0.0120536275,0.0020311764,0.7282429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005479273,0.00001178978,0.4650172,0.000009868637,0.0000040660866,7.272728e-8,0.00039548092,0.00012891757,0.000021617005,0.0006592572,0.5330492,0.00015459866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018058277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017651502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7352777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015565516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004765085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999011},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2415864795","doi":"","title":"Practice-based small group learning: what are the motivations to become and continue as a facilitator? A qualitative study.","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Focus group; Facilitation; Qualitative research; Perception; Medical education; Peer support; Small group learning; Open access publishing; Psychology; Group work; Medicine; Nursing; Social psychology; Computer science; World Wide Web; Sociology","score_opus":0.11250892579012721,"score_gpt":0.33979231599417886,"score_spread":0.22728339020405164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2415864795","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9699643,0.00032103073,0.00050445733,0.012134104,0.00017871345,0.0030828111,0.0000043317114,0.0001499802,0.013660275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948451,0.000018868866,0.00038623024,0.001122523,0.000053299762,0.0022664447,0.0000020338111,0.000012072187,0.0012934193],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956681,0.0030225012,0.00020872688,0.00030466603,0.00032078748,0.00047520388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970241,0.002205071,0.0001972182,0.00015960593,0.00019419551,0.00021976103],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0065223738,0.0001270221,0.00016668825,0.00010681979,0.00097086513,0.00034361143,0.00023786236,0.0000612743,0.000045527962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009204503,0.00009949737,0.000044614957,0.00047952673,0.00019666,0.0006568653,0.00006198019,0.0003111417,0.000034179848],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011110596,0.00020544407,0.030208023,0.000008475257,0.00005699315,0.000007294247,0.92580384,0.000006678618,0.0000015285979,0.004015182,0.000071503666,0.039503917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040321815,0.00014208403,0.12188703,0.000014573508,0.000033525543,4.5692386e-7,0.8220111,0.000002867807,0.0000059027893,0.00064139866,0.054710288,0.00014754657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0069936737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0045075524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10379274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000787546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009876249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996188},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2416946749","doi":"10.1002/j.0022-0337.2016.80.6.tb06136.x","title":"Factors Influencing Dental Educators As They Develop Problem‐Based Learning Cases","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Phoenix","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Theme (computing); Psychology; Exploratory research; Mathematics education; Session (web analytics); Pedagogy; Critical thinking; Medical education; Medicine; Sociology; Computer science","score_opus":0.02665448111685428,"score_gpt":0.34172421323966146,"score_spread":0.3150697321228072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2416946749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99287343,0.00020757211,0.0000679916,0.0005873249,0.0012698978,0.00014832208,0.0000010096136,0.000030233607,0.0048141903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99683625,0.000046545338,0.0007645324,0.00014444444,0.00052608625,0.0000058700452,0.0000025135166,0.000018449964,0.0016552967],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815834,0.00037979512,0.00044013408,0.00014857225,0.00056977925,0.00030340694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982848,0.00038249517,0.0006614888,0.00007247341,0.0003581171,0.0002406151],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010730517,0.00014503585,0.0001799799,0.00034365442,0.00057784095,0.00013611125,0.00026563587,0.00009729415,0.0006034619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017964429,0.00009976459,0.00011648869,0.00035650565,0.000093923496,0.0008964751,0.000023963725,0.00027573018,0.000083074505],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006338756,0.00025082924,0.9005711,0.000026676495,0.000041026207,0.000010021133,0.032842048,0.000039244234,0.0059092445,0.0009156007,0.0008852975,0.05844552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023767592,0.0012898532,0.22849937,0.0028011801,0.00024315005,0.0004355926,0.5326879,0.000004322607,0.029241182,0.002778408,0.19828708,0.0013552221],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002285734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00069551397,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67207175,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007510342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005447383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96634233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2419288352","doi":"10.18260/1-2--2010","title":"Active Learning Using Guided Projects In An Upper Year Ece Course","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Computer science; Mathematics education; Engineering; Psychology","score_opus":0.11149702252961231,"score_gpt":0.3879265054842575,"score_spread":0.2764294829546452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2419288352","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90791166,0.000027351445,0.0003275608,0.0023233653,0.000062303465,0.0003199099,7.531701e-7,0.0001939731,0.08883311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99561095,0.000010262391,0.0029465808,0.0006649972,0.00020901246,0.000005265175,0.0000029986497,0.000014907636,0.0005350408],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984642,0.0005286511,0.00014228851,0.00026339022,0.00025264706,0.0003487806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958426,0.00007092847,0.000064126136,0.000067163535,0.00006501142,0.0001485179],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061687065,0.000090735586,0.00013254966,0.00005763056,0.00033159324,0.000089771056,0.0001717135,0.000092207556,0.00065493456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000398568,0.00008956416,0.000033877066,0.0005254597,0.00007505488,0.0005174531,0.000041263887,0.00032762188,0.000067642744],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018327829,0.00016750861,0.5191611,0.000044767392,0.00003423929,0.00005607484,0.4142892,0.0070363255,0.00873017,0.016374547,0.0009082126,0.033014596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047975285,0.0011811309,0.045126434,0.00029003827,0.00010646301,0.0000052734954,0.6574958,0.08374904,0.0068377284,0.0013112243,0.19672675,0.0023726155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0040319045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010149522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47403467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008376252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005169304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7171074},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2428864423","doi":"10.1111/medu.13054","title":"Generalisability theory analyses of concept mapping assessment scores in a problem‐based medical curriculum","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Variance (accounting); Context (archaeology); Concept map; Dependability; Reliability (semiconductor); Psychology; Curriculum; Construct (python library); Mathematics education; Statistics; Computer science; Mathematics; Pedagogy; Geography","score_opus":0.04185181627965219,"score_gpt":0.4245322606610466,"score_spread":0.3826804443813944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2428864423","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8095281,0.0009879807,0.054595802,0.108974986,0.0011173098,0.0010218889,0.0000059588483,0.0001431086,0.023624843],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956267,0.000048433034,0.0026783617,0.0011288797,0.00025507557,0.0000842348,0.000010487432,0.0000057181987,0.00016214556],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99613124,0.0016925741,0.00043012638,0.00024742674,0.0012292544,0.00026935549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985556,0.00077913754,0.00015719116,0.00015431206,0.00014096168,0.00021282019],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0058327084,0.00008844165,0.00020079868,0.00014262121,0.00012176869,0.000015648307,0.00030985035,0.00018205382,0.0053009954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0091131665,0.000058142617,0.0000633176,0.0005089986,0.0006897257,0.00014305227,0.000033099033,0.0001993333,0.0000050862886],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014772038,0.0013208233,0.30707502,0.00011164433,0.00002249974,0.000002820031,0.00767688,0.000015775082,0.00044152586,0.062232886,0.003330669,0.6177547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0131265875,0.0010134123,0.39541274,0.019143667,0.0002722081,0.000011610897,0.06329347,0.012703461,0.007555401,0.23768856,0.2466245,0.0031543789],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009378991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018572585,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6146003,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022766976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010635407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2438756225","doi":"10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2016.1.7","title":"Student Engagement in a Large Classroom: Using Technology to Generate a Hybridized Problem-based Learning Experience in a Large First Year Undergraduate Class","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Student engagement; Class (philosophy); Resource (disambiguation); Mathematics education; Promotion (chess); Discussion board; Virtual learning environment; Medical education; Psychology; Active learning (machine learning); Computer science; Pedagogy; Multimedia; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Political science","score_opus":0.05160169941944475,"score_gpt":0.37242727542023485,"score_spread":0.3208255760007901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2438756225","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756297,0.00045887145,0.0053654457,0.01748557,0.00017076981,0.0006070127,0.0000035416365,0.000029283916,0.00024979922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99681336,0.000041882624,0.0022585166,0.0002073207,0.00009877401,0.000050914317,6.5499404e-7,0.00002878671,0.0004997672],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99464864,0.0032960162,0.0004292976,0.00028213163,0.00034832297,0.0009956245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981629,0.001018373,0.00028327617,0.00016387674,0.00010158874,0.00026993806],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.024327546,0.00018091385,0.00026577976,0.00064454536,0.007086487,0.0003734216,0.0006314308,0.00012637628,0.00003077406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050580543,0.00011560356,0.000085460524,0.00054002804,0.00017684256,0.00027933565,0.00007613905,0.0031090602,0.0000033478714],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014373197,0.000051239454,0.84515417,0.000038218626,0.00005954451,0.00003909114,0.0939021,0.025406325,0.0015074391,0.017081104,0.00002697654,0.016590046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01499829,0.0013851371,0.05665327,0.00651829,0.00020339793,0.00007091958,0.22133091,0.0127396295,0.0004777424,0.01319482,0.6705019,0.0019256979],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010303337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16764332,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7885009,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060956355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009433398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991908},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2462223188","doi":"10.1080/1389224x.2016.1202846","title":"Use of problem-based learning in the teaching and learning of horticultural production","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Assiniboine Community College; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Production (economics); Teaching method; Mathematics education; Experiential learning; Agricultural education; Computer science; Psychology; Business; Pedagogy; Agriculture; Economics; Geography","score_opus":0.025523709605883904,"score_gpt":0.2922331272488228,"score_spread":0.2667094176429389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2462223188","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872789,0.00038203894,0.000023358829,0.011962808,0.00009299001,0.00014168715,8.460508e-8,0.0000049276323,0.00011320241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99836457,0.0004368902,0.0006303194,0.000052606694,0.000114355025,0.0000012792057,6.3296596e-7,0.0000022061436,0.0003971463],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978506,0.001459169,0.0002825461,0.00006742156,0.00023812077,0.00010215206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986151,0.0005187687,0.0004918156,0.000040954765,0.0003019351,0.000031410786],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033994978,0.00006310368,0.00011969222,0.000062701954,0.00045143976,0.000031922624,0.00007754749,0.000036781203,0.0000041651147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001860898,0.000022450915,0.000031318592,0.00016996423,0.00012877442,0.00043378863,0.000012333841,0.0003761101,2.2647066e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022592195,0.00025066631,0.046835613,0.00008943042,0.000026222857,4.846059e-7,0.19848682,0.002548713,0.44235125,0.0016300114,0.0014039861,0.30615085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038632748,0.00047548197,0.86241394,0.0011905836,0.000090121976,0.00009302844,0.12309218,0.00004202336,0.0025365823,0.0002254244,0.009308512,0.00014580219],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008809327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008524477,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81557834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025547843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010365146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34721553},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2473298960","doi":"10.5539/ass.v12n8p179","title":"Preliminary Study on the Pharmacology Practical Teaching Reform in Pharmacy in Higher Vocational Colleges","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Education Department of Sichuan Province","keywords":"Pharmacy; Vocational education; Clinical pharmacology; Medical education; Tracking (education); Quality (philosophy); Psychology; Pharmacology; Medicine; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Nursing","score_opus":0.08192099108311235,"score_gpt":0.4339602605398772,"score_spread":0.35203926945676484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2473298960","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23099263,0.000007204745,0.000006268265,0.1555784,0.00038490552,0.0005729289,0.0000014715695,0.000034092627,0.6124221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976045,0.000004212642,0.000049584338,0.0008881133,0.0003889059,0.000093499555,1.3859929e-7,0.000005469742,0.00096555974],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.997163,0.0011212085,0.00020136409,0.00032534907,0.0006777228,0.0005113413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990556,0.0006458863,0.00009735572,0.0000786628,0.00004789578,0.000074583295],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0065938523,0.00009051522,0.00010968404,0.00016371737,0.0015186006,0.00006991561,0.0005147985,0.000046020225,0.0004072123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005677822,0.000055639634,0.000025618878,0.00095720333,0.0009207033,0.00063717755,0.0000999354,0.00039896282,0.000052040083],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030221333,0.0012098493,0.052041747,0.0000035464457,0.000012110832,0.00006518875,0.14426644,6.030583e-7,0.0026107526,0.4915224,0.0021753984,0.30578977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014662021,0.0002718119,0.8807091,0.000036559093,0.000009864393,0.0000012385333,0.064302474,0.0000071875356,0.00019058933,0.0032438308,0.04951504,0.0002460942],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014815652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005111055,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82866734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00093331246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010342972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2475318981","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0915-152r1","title":"Approaches to Teaching Biometry and Epidemiology at Two Veterinary Schools in Germany","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Relevance (law); Consistency (knowledge bases); Veterinary education; Restructuring; Veterinary medicine; Quality (philosophy); German; Human medicine; Medicine; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.2913471786793744,"score_gpt":0.46270633734029437,"score_spread":0.17135915866092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2475318981","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9572022,0.00073577446,0.00057901547,0.03972037,0.00062930846,0.00010268158,5.000629e-7,0.000009539239,0.0010206379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933463,0.00022502568,0.0043889387,0.0010659546,0.0007139024,0.000009694994,5.1324287e-7,0.000007747322,0.00024196654],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99711066,0.0016338355,0.00049673516,0.00016373246,0.00031338754,0.00028162205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99825186,0.0009010346,0.0002593233,0.00008971872,0.00003617523,0.00046186903],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008236879,0.00008879063,0.0002437038,0.0004107141,0.00019220798,0.000015105603,0.00023187623,0.00012422852,0.0002092698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008605052,0.00006211014,0.00004810548,0.00020394371,0.00013787327,0.0003394187,0.000102136764,0.0003705152,0.000016875454],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034160557,0.00025116198,0.083827935,0.000049248458,0.000019551073,0.00006479294,0.0076709087,0.0000021213482,0.00691789,0.0023578,0.0017372699,0.8967597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024445264,0.004625787,0.27558258,0.0029279722,0.000033726592,0.0028963166,0.0070941467,0.000072667244,0.000048001068,0.007191478,0.6964946,0.00058822305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023671791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023267441,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8961715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031098744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00086403417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997459},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2486272663","doi":"10.1093/femsle/fnw176","title":"Beyond the single answer: a process-oriented exam for science students","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"FEMS Microbiology Letters","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Test (biology); Frame (networking); Mathematics education; Computer science; Graduate students; Function (biology); Psychology; Data science; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.016775277050233184,"score_gpt":0.311255203970488,"score_spread":0.2944799269202548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2486272663","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9669674,0.00007277678,0.0019185721,0.028093206,0.0009505759,0.0006575233,0.000023035556,0.00009376931,0.0012231589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917867,0.000007359545,0.00032296995,0.0069184382,0.00026964533,0.00007612119,0.0000055548257,0.000011216011,0.00060199667],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99843085,0.00019388863,0.00017094563,0.00038743668,0.00014965373,0.0006672147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991279,0.0003642358,0.00012304581,0.00019267244,0.0001253347,0.0000668083],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019644287,0.00011787838,0.00012790154,0.0001014646,0.0013670843,0.0000780362,0.00087698014,0.00007976771,0.000054821332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042583756,0.00006710481,0.000056788107,0.00042228153,0.0021056528,0.00023444938,0.00007923208,0.000103358274,0.00005054389],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031066105,0.000041047915,0.0118382545,0.0000043717037,0.000016640806,0.0000012106951,0.0074466886,0.000001555703,0.9703657,0.0010777973,0.004240211,0.0049354713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027449857,0.00047183456,0.0047808825,0.00013022573,0.000060634597,0.000018678265,0.004526447,0.0000022647255,0.08261176,0.0016192109,0.9022636,0.00076946215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008916594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013396218,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8980234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013745157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021367577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2494907088","doi":"10.4018/978-1-61520-731-2.ch017","title":"Collaborative Online Multimedia Problem-Based Learning Simulations (COMPS)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Face (sociological concept); Work (physics); Multimedia; Collaborative learning; Mathematics education; Psychology; Knowledge management; Engineering; Sociology","score_opus":0.021033432502776134,"score_gpt":0.3099386912714263,"score_spread":0.2889052587686502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2494907088","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002516233,0.00022730025,0.0004250581,0.00042426382,0.00046807498,0.0011416259,0.000527178,0.00050111336,0.9960338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.539555,0.000024448971,0.064911,0.0014201887,0.0031517653,0.000081601655,0.0004530135,0.0002546596,0.39014828],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972115,0.00023259362,0.00050546415,0.0006323613,0.00078919757,0.00062889035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977484,0.00041177848,0.0005474654,0.0003191142,0.0006396046,0.00033368776],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052245456,0.0004936277,0.000539778,0.00015578547,0.0013506607,0.00022239487,0.0004740658,0.0010429329,0.00064017315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003550634,0.00052480533,0.00021100858,0.00011544915,0.0005638917,0.0001023535,0.0000888975,0.0016148775,0.00022830942],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000078088895,0.000054143307,0.00042971378,0.00005423634,0.00012267477,0.000043970547,0.003710112,0.0025753484,0.00016416363,0.9700653,0.0005122054,0.022190068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079595664,0.00014607058,0.000033850087,0.0003183631,0.00012808651,0.0000011483509,0.00024077759,0.0008704926,0.00003956226,0.09367266,0.90291107,0.0008419334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013659227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01605194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9023989,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003706539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027636413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2497917256","doi":"10.4018/978-1-59140-744-7.ch003","title":"Why Problem-Based Learning","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Medical education; Computer science; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine; Social psychology","score_opus":0.019313764371744913,"score_gpt":0.27095305733207936,"score_spread":0.25163929296033444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2497917256","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001259165,0.0004568086,0.00070979213,0.00056402606,0.00028488974,0.0005892706,0.000031343512,0.00061099976,0.9967403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.047413986,0.000009942428,0.0027258422,0.0034452046,0.0015500875,0.000056956098,0.000040979037,0.00013970968,0.9446173],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99718577,0.00018145445,0.00042607656,0.0006086036,0.0008596208,0.00073847244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879,0.00011182452,0.00040233386,0.00028209246,0.00019132352,0.00022239485],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000730874,0.0004575783,0.00046674965,0.00012047572,0.0009768561,0.00026078394,0.00048468402,0.0007825534,0.00041179985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006909741,0.00049403234,0.00032119747,0.000052176638,0.00034722188,0.000073487536,0.000077542856,0.0008691103,0.00036538273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022652788,0.000008124745,0.0001465108,0.000050372022,0.00003353153,0.000050251463,0.00025166088,0.0003257442,0.0000043738196,0.95354825,0.03650134,0.009057166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026153235,0.00008050841,0.0000053474746,0.00026862693,0.000058377496,0.0000017144172,0.00002682209,0.000015796975,0.000005833507,0.14906186,0.84971577,0.0004978022],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008275881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0039822534,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8132144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053229916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012452961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2507769751","doi":"10.4300/jgme-d-15-00516.1","title":"A Narrative Review and Novel Framework for Application of Team-Based Learning in Graduate Medical Education","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Graduate Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Team-based learning; Medical education; Inclusion (mineral); Graduate medical education; MEDLINE; Teamwork; Attendance; Psychology; Medicine; Accreditation; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.082602066459571,"score_gpt":0.46794378399338854,"score_spread":0.3853417175338175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2507769751","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000032650183,0.95128495,0.02243154,0.023645379,0.0008089899,0.001517626,0.00000328784,0.000015478417,0.00026008446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00052826473,0.9927638,0.0041415817,0.0010259922,0.0010246485,0.00032911092,0.000044142278,0.00003363869,0.00010881632],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.994724,0.0012198921,0.0017565599,0.00032982128,0.0016449135,0.00032484133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935638,0.001827944,0.0029497663,0.00017675801,0.0009366782,0.0005450941],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010313944,0.00028802414,0.0015105252,0.00053489517,0.0002359301,0.000034638575,0.00053384254,0.00061611796,0.00013040968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04140478,0.00020826129,0.00034314988,0.0008657155,0.00036107714,0.00022421643,0.000031982294,0.0015994821,0.0000043297473],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013578168,0.00039135673,0.000032254102,0.012118969,0.000041207673,3.3306446e-7,0.0026017101,2.2767246e-7,1.7091487e-7,0.0062828944,0.0025598183,0.97595745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033793296,0.00015297404,0.000019027351,0.14849222,0.0004154166,0.000026708785,0.0011649876,0.000026308007,4.1362767e-7,0.0050597712,0.8440684,0.00023582211],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002698719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000078166326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97572166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039146427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03768742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.967768},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2508964360","doi":"10.1080/03057267.2016.1226573","title":"Trends in research on project-based science and technology teaching and learning at K–12 levels: a systematic review","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Studies in Science Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Rigour; Field (mathematics); Educational research; Science education; Engineering ethics; Nothing; Sociology; Computer science; Mathematics education; Management science; Epistemology; Psychology; Pedagogy; Engineering","score_opus":0.39456052651405055,"score_gpt":0.5946755390155037,"score_spread":0.2001150125014532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2508964360","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015308491,0.985422,6.3876325e-7,0.001416109,0.00031574455,0.0019618478,0.0000011007266,0.000040370804,0.010689099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0023702316,0.99447376,0.00021586649,0.000063675354,0.00006535524,0.00096385024,8.648746e-7,0.000013308728,0.0018330741],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.99218625,0.0035672516,0.0006929214,0.0010903782,0.001564631,0.0008985834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99595726,0.0025295836,0.00044802838,0.00038610952,0.00058541464,0.000093631104],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.07400808,0.00026089654,0.0011753761,0.0067465613,0.004239456,0.00018128483,0.00091696717,0.00014913146,0.000005313698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.058662172,0.00017992359,0.000038958835,0.011397721,0.007978613,0.00050066184,0.000492736,0.0014251628,0.000011041378],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010621188,0.000034982062,0.00009103592,0.13683698,0.0000043800187,0.0000013558781,0.010308922,8.3542425e-8,0.0000014441524,0.003968699,0.00017566678,0.8485754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000871707,0.00011953047,0.000019907011,0.762444,0.000050259303,0.0000074573622,0.020662367,0.000005310153,5.812303e-7,0.00016780561,0.21612301,0.00031257962],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041383988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00070853415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8482628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003523168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0108804265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970569},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2511749280","doi":"10.1080/14926150509556663","title":"Issues in modified problem‐based learning: A self‐study in pre‐service science‐teacher education","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Variety (cybernetics); Plan (archaeology); Facilitation; Constructivist teaching methods; Pedagogy; Science education; Computer science; Teaching method; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.017366608822671527,"score_gpt":0.3263663051117171,"score_spread":0.30899969628904556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2511749280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9797586,0.00034867076,0.00003373682,0.015092747,0.00014393739,0.0004210433,1.0782696e-7,0.000017521223,0.0041836305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830245,0.000017271497,0.016616583,0.00008737981,0.00005852664,0.000026389194,1.9693924e-7,0.0000058278347,0.00016334384],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99857926,0.000060993225,0.00038213332,0.00021486901,0.00034595293,0.0004168164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99868387,0.000031296076,0.000284355,0.00013801307,0.0006038515,0.00025861253],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005167864,0.000092826725,0.0001624866,0.0034226812,0.0007477593,0.00021632503,0.00062269793,0.00009550916,0.000024355164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010652572,0.00009005654,0.000012114766,0.0048180874,0.0010566555,0.00073984463,0.000020005136,0.00041329142,0.00000319193],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000053195,0.0017005638,0.41963318,0.00007653375,0.0000045180586,0.000003520036,0.373312,0.00072171265,0.001162739,0.06285884,0.0000868336,0.14043424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019327932,0.0010055223,0.12748894,0.0017125531,0.00007604932,0.00009928367,0.7063593,0.019187097,0.0011755681,0.106111534,0.033704568,0.0011467456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01464402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.094234824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33304736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007555715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03006324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99191755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2515287361","doi":"10.5296/ire.v4i2.9466","title":"The Implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in a Year 9 Mathematics Classroom: A Study in Brunei Darussalam","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Research in Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Context (archaeology); Problem-based learning; Test (biology); Process (computing); Pedagogy; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.07695918572546716,"score_gpt":0.5067716151031165,"score_spread":0.42981242937764935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2515287361","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.977903,0.000039563536,0.00005714168,0.008914255,0.00016910993,0.0009945512,0.0000015337349,0.000010812464,0.011910008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99825335,0.00009051909,0.00046596988,0.00000866026,0.00006873713,0.0003339673,0.000004207705,0.000008468163,0.0007661219],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.997107,0.0010606633,0.00040923737,0.00018444813,0.0009311426,0.0003074995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99798185,0.0014290271,0.00012980208,0.000109395885,0.00031436456,0.000035575944],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00904666,0.00005834272,0.00008468323,0.0007123837,0.0001442241,0.00007714011,0.00038248385,0.00004535473,0.0001373794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015745946,0.000042798252,0.000020664136,0.0008561722,0.00012409827,0.0002508594,0.000049660746,0.00030086577,0.00002015995],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043943208,0.0005905394,0.8559257,0.000014576312,0.0000055667333,0.0000011202768,0.023350151,0.00005602834,0.00037852267,0.020803723,0.00009538826,0.09873476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028292444,0.00038882188,0.62860906,0.00081684603,0.0000030830834,3.787758e-7,0.29110795,0.00037953828,0.00042981785,0.050150905,0.025079455,0.000204893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014625694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.065489106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2677578,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009091939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020268585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.991936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2528590563","doi":"10.7771/1541-5015.1603","title":"Facilitating Problem Framing in Project-Based Learning","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"National Academy of Education; Spencer Foundation","keywords":"Framing (construction); Frame problem; Mathematics education; Charter; Computer science; Iterative design; Pedagogy; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Political science; Compatibility (geochemistry)","score_opus":0.02108254577448084,"score_gpt":0.3395710314681576,"score_spread":0.31848848569367677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2528590563","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7953587,0.0014737864,0.1579536,0.014454945,0.0008978191,0.0022857762,0.000013134157,0.00067027065,0.02689194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9660292,0.000031791937,0.0319514,0.00009256085,0.0003634484,0.000060646562,0.0000065761906,0.00008793416,0.0013764222],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9918589,0.0030438008,0.0018156447,0.00064088544,0.0012830251,0.0013577454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99406767,0.0029180367,0.0018029119,0.00023836235,0.000669019,0.00030398084],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01022371,0.0005020943,0.00080646493,0.0016063134,0.001676054,0.00026917493,0.00089101464,0.00036423237,0.00041526693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002493845,0.00039145164,0.00040624512,0.0014003842,0.0004710295,0.001280674,0.00027540926,0.0025055446,0.000057702902],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021558958,0.000854921,0.22903796,0.0009876521,0.00021349499,0.0009573483,0.124928474,0.1467683,0.043275155,0.0018438222,0.0011022175,0.44787478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.047966555,0.026488375,0.010540115,0.0769791,0.00068215246,0.00040294742,0.22859961,0.017609097,0.02295952,0.020475257,0.53727126,0.010026024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039028013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040999101,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53616905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009158381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024166259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2528636124","doi":"","title":"Teaching Postgraduate Research Methods Using a Novel Problem-based Learning Approach","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Ulster University; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Session (web analytics); Subject (documents); Process (computing); Discipline; Medical education; Higher education; Mathematics education; Academic year; Computer science; Psychology; Medicine; Sociology; Library science; Political science","score_opus":0.20104621880108772,"score_gpt":0.44555792960729673,"score_spread":0.244511710806209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2528636124","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3481451,0.0029366098,0.36654207,0.02574731,0.0013577931,0.003340891,0.000018209617,0.0032908188,0.24862121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.49073833,0.000040220682,0.50803727,0.000054256518,0.00013241364,0.00005975584,0.000006900686,0.000035865538,0.0008949802],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953264,0.001038469,0.00068976067,0.0007887141,0.0009313218,0.0012253491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979878,0.00029079078,0.00042265852,0.0005901279,0.000537313,0.00017130587],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010817616,0.0003082931,0.0005272606,0.0022864037,0.0027496489,0.00015182122,0.0013329844,0.0007122921,0.00010967638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004146516,0.00031661196,0.00017667032,0.0035780908,0.0021021196,0.00082101143,0.00030495078,0.0029203214,0.00003321079],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007333103,0.0012597563,0.0039038397,0.00045472407,0.00019914492,0.000033027834,0.011432685,0.02043848,0.108459674,0.53061515,0.00079261645,0.32233754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001762224,0.00041120837,0.000023581795,0.00052245625,0.000080894555,0.000028081802,0.0043769404,0.08008584,0.007059555,0.010213671,0.89457315,0.0008623788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005062068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001728833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8937805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031921512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00052984233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2528663764","doi":"10.15694/mep.2016.000089","title":"Self-directed learning during problem-based learning sessions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MedEdPublish","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Autodidacticism; Nationality; Psychology; Autonomy; Medical education; Curriculum; Mathematics education; Perception; Medicine; Pedagogy; Geography","score_opus":0.012168113205679816,"score_gpt":0.27014040955438534,"score_spread":0.2579722963487055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2528663764","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5422225,0.0004732036,0.0019906142,0.019391581,0.0011642622,0.001424375,0.000007097281,0.020891657,0.4124347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96874624,0.00008949714,0.007587375,0.00012998261,0.0004895684,0.00010352224,0.000012370808,0.00006029859,0.022781163],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959698,0.0013692777,0.00035788378,0.0005382782,0.00076245295,0.001002347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982295,0.00066930405,0.00026174955,0.00021806822,0.00032708587,0.00029426473],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023263898,0.00023567787,0.00027158333,0.00035705118,0.0025880255,0.0004816836,0.00047836534,0.00024666963,0.0018696861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0034522156,0.00018115765,0.00013338384,0.0011355185,0.00017346698,0.0011992466,0.000108247295,0.00069148536,0.00022084735],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024809127,0.00065632316,0.7120965,0.0005013544,0.00026984667,0.00014562607,0.054010265,0.0017448376,0.019230641,0.013846167,0.017869558,0.17938076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017151046,0.000113878246,0.0074346685,0.00043508218,0.00003857924,0.0000031702305,0.0018215217,0.000537434,0.0013596521,0.0004909948,0.9853887,0.00066124264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062618445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038526361,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9675191,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003051204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007957398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99904275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2550034352","doi":"10.7748/ns.2016.e10318","title":"Nursing students’ perceptions of effective problem-based learning tutors","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nursing Standard","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Alberta Health; Mohawk College","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitation; Nursing; TUTOR; Perception; Medical education; Nurse education; Problem-based learning; Medicine; Psychology; Focus group; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.010304125271961631,"score_gpt":0.3542363278810689,"score_spread":0.3439322026091073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2550034352","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7944981,0.00027225606,0.11616938,0.0040204707,0.0007898772,0.0013824698,0.00003273437,0.00055171293,0.08228299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956936,0.000020148593,0.0032723567,0.00002384036,0.00015509444,0.000027434653,0.0000027262395,0.000026425027,0.0007783543],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99728966,0.00078243995,0.0002628575,0.0003101435,0.00085851457,0.00049640064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884194,0.0004371086,0.00018801798,0.00015134946,0.00024937853,0.00013222866],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016236604,0.00015525192,0.00026638046,0.00020424173,0.0010079115,0.000084186926,0.0002614991,0.00013377398,0.0003222893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044054835,0.00012475796,0.00012637899,0.00042466554,0.0008191524,0.00024675013,0.000010743734,0.00023986126,0.000021503622],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032476307,0.0002748832,0.1310044,0.000035785393,0.000035991354,0.0000030016051,0.048678536,0.00027325243,0.007920274,0.008582181,0.0007765815,0.80209035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.023718117,0.0105570955,0.43162352,0.073135726,0.0011861026,0.000015098757,0.09340561,0.00028065097,0.035412285,0.067177966,0.25857645,0.0049113724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014000699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036991154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.797179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00095202803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045250022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7752142},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2557804356","doi":"10.5339/qfarc.2016.sshapp2887","title":"Culturally Relevant Science Pedagogy: Curriculum Resources and their Implementation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2016 Issue 1","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Curriculum; Context (archaeology); Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.04527058659587601,"score_gpt":0.42179237616873033,"score_spread":0.3765217895728543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2557804356","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90277624,0.00028532828,0.0009963042,0.05629142,0.00033770734,0.0016111126,0.000057910107,0.00035861038,0.03728537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98198324,0.0011302258,0.00048744245,0.00007125565,0.00043711872,0.00008675308,0.000009454549,0.000017595412,0.01577691],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959922,0.00023829873,0.0003568303,0.00075558305,0.0015502732,0.0011068577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99446064,0.00022751187,0.00020142492,0.00015336323,0.0045298794,0.00042717336],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008930398,0.00020230161,0.00020111875,0.00052188535,0.002972742,0.0013162125,0.00080204284,0.00011675371,0.0027548606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003929185,0.0001330942,0.00003687173,0.0011196656,0.0026520279,0.0039775744,0.00034708786,0.00035067668,0.0006666286],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000063406405,0.000059938193,0.028191509,0.000058785885,0.00001891601,0.0000015150075,0.18592417,6.4331516e-8,0.029925559,0.064734854,0.018937277,0.672084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040857107,0.0002522563,0.0041515054,0.0001822931,0.000004895441,0.0000027919891,0.16611958,0.0001122462,0.00095834455,0.0047543803,0.82278395,0.0002691718],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0056232386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010643968,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8038467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043541682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017973774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2561731676","doi":"10.4300/jgme-d-16-00067.1","title":"<i>JGME</i> -ALiEM Hot Topics in Medical Education: Analysis of a Multimodal Online Discussion About Team-Based Learning","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Graduate Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; McMaster Divinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Computer science; Data science; Library science; Medicine","score_opus":0.025785010933896756,"score_gpt":0.3775196659490736,"score_spread":0.35173465501517687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2561731676","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7771433,0.0007456552,0.003773051,0.21463276,0.0018882719,0.00021470872,0.0000033541478,0.000026087391,0.001572811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939249,0.0008895817,0.0016066363,0.0014586531,0.0011783643,0.000007546746,0.000020504061,0.000010732611,0.0009030636],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99566066,0.0009440771,0.00092879974,0.00018411013,0.0020095573,0.00027278488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976637,0.00038694363,0.000761858,0.00013251268,0.0005071165,0.0005478947],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042675054,0.00012503327,0.00042520362,0.00071092456,0.00016420598,0.000026526333,0.00041656164,0.0002335682,0.0012331817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0134067675,0.0000714525,0.00022473471,0.0013817676,0.00027589302,0.00025222296,0.000027987688,0.00064318965,0.0000036893987],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001147198,0.0017644622,0.106602356,0.00003734488,0.000103497114,0.0000057616567,0.007622991,0.00008641855,0.000061307335,0.00077686214,0.0038411324,0.87898314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0061889873,0.0010272556,0.43562558,0.009594782,0.0011546065,0.00003894815,0.02381397,0.011715758,0.00031611003,0.0034000268,0.50608206,0.0010418876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013357707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002238239,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87794125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026490257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.014667551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2574301746","doi":"","title":"Revolutions & re-iterations : An intellectual history of problem-based learning","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Oral history; Narrative; Problem-based learning; Sociology; Pedagogy; History; Literature; Art; Anthropology","score_opus":0.04871344499064015,"score_gpt":0.3039800771869862,"score_spread":0.25526663219634604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2574301746","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.036383584,0.0006936385,0.19472364,0.00632952,0.00046027507,0.00064121006,0.000006131823,0.0007552776,0.7600067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9364716,0.000038680777,0.006986627,0.000115111055,0.00008909966,0.00002280601,0.0000044357294,0.000010123334,0.056261566],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998633,0.000522623,0.00021446709,0.00017945503,0.00021585246,0.00023455595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901634,0.00048698022,0.00009615826,0.00013592008,0.00016883871,0.0000957711],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010171459,0.00007188912,0.00010442007,0.00014761073,0.00034926928,0.000014476948,0.00016161596,0.00007424378,0.0053800796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011134295,0.000054057396,0.000055636305,0.00021530953,0.0002916775,0.00033770571,0.000015838168,0.00012029506,0.00007050306],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015975561,0.00051293825,0.025855824,0.00009403897,0.00006635407,0.000004517877,0.37326,0.0014514998,0.050564382,0.27987248,0.111535296,0.15662292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026128034,0.00020670803,0.00012606746,0.0000743943,0.000011208289,1.9711457e-7,0.0017919752,0.00036681586,0.00025838907,0.0006979162,0.9960582,0.00014683047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018210656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024323147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90008795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003940511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011961287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955291},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589079724","doi":"10.5430/jnep.v7n6p108","title":"The effect of problem-based learning on nursing students' decision making skills and styles","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Competence (human resources); Problem-based learning; Nursing; Style (visual arts); Clinical decision making; Health care; Medical education; Mathematics education; Medicine; Social psychology; Family medicine","score_opus":0.0307723796368194,"score_gpt":0.48222742198054735,"score_spread":0.45145504234372796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2589079724","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92962754,0.0028793544,0.001186497,0.019121006,0.0014692474,0.0003673795,2.9679222e-7,0.000013742997,0.045334928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99487454,0.00046138492,0.0041995263,0.000078041376,0.00023316711,0.0000015590894,1.5004474e-7,0.000007772948,0.0001438452],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978208,0.0011978784,0.0002561212,0.00010098936,0.00047933325,0.00014486365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9919483,0.006368888,0.0012685431,0.000114716466,0.00022637402,0.00007317507],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0066904863,0.00008029268,0.00014543755,0.000107261,0.0034563981,0.0005777216,0.00021952292,0.000059363316,0.0000051627803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011429012,0.000055988552,0.00003907333,0.00007259697,0.00028684147,0.0006539898,0.000013096524,0.00037746524,6.599284e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005162772,0.00031161177,0.01338722,0.00001635413,0.000017169596,0.000001069758,0.015920999,0.000069797105,0.0000747113,0.0009512701,0.00034904064,0.9683845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065805954,0.01000257,0.404283,0.05644738,0.0015323578,0.00067480025,0.12054726,0.0003246669,0.0014622593,0.014041996,0.38310453,0.0009986181],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003512279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005327481,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9673859,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000107990796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003419043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99784094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593059295","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.6488","title":"Inquiry Learning Methodologies and the Disposition to Energy Systems Problem Solving","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; York University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Disposition; Energy (signal processing); Process (computing); Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Computer science; Thematic analysis; Engineering education; Categorization; Value (mathematics); Psychology; Management science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Engineering management; Qualitative research; Mathematics; Sociology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.022428057022726593,"score_gpt":0.2883080489452355,"score_spread":0.2658799919225089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2593059295","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.57196987,0.0026828307,0.0030100571,0.23321222,0.014174166,0.004562578,0.000023748076,0.0007543239,0.16961022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944885,0.00005329699,0.0013231431,0.00017195025,0.00038090264,0.00009070464,0.0000014038686,0.000015116396,0.0034749776],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896747,0.0000852145,0.00019351314,0.00016091285,0.00029231858,0.0003005775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99857354,0.00027576394,0.0004892648,0.00009461204,0.00042160734,0.00014519169],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003404464,0.000098922676,0.00015480185,0.00015121841,0.0022261906,0.00073111703,0.000436244,0.00012617845,0.0000045845113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0082224915,0.00007910021,0.00005045828,0.00020065872,0.000091542584,0.0003829504,0.000060894217,0.00022076945,0.0000017062895],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026575106,0.000023748693,0.123624004,0.00038093922,0.00019316112,1.2483623e-7,0.13453074,0.007353184,0.0016092279,0.69665945,0.015327405,0.020271463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013677172,0.00008962765,0.34935215,0.0017990068,0.00031865702,0.0000068262675,0.064388126,0.00832909,0.0010878894,0.009065079,0.5628917,0.0013041378],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1473931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020900838,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68759435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00094655115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005518072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2594966448","doi":"","title":"Udvikling af problembaseret læring, PBL på sygeplejerskeuddannelsen i Odense, UCL","year":2011,"lang":"da","type":"article","venue":"Uddannelsesnyt","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ring (chemistry); Chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.07797146376050484,"score_gpt":0.28490583535324987,"score_spread":0.20693437159274503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2594966448","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12392365,0.0050510434,0.0016458086,0.0015107987,0.0050431117,0.002751215,0.00017125397,0.0015394298,0.8583637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9611278,0.0011013201,0.004492984,0.001069273,0.0022280635,0.0001448408,0.000062560604,0.00025043232,0.029522726],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9904285,0.0015115276,0.0015412843,0.001912694,0.0015740424,0.0030319248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99550784,0.00057071535,0.0010115197,0.0012598487,0.0005671359,0.0010829245],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0041501797,0.0011667764,0.0011987145,0.0006423171,0.0025015962,0.00055174745,0.0020091326,0.0010006552,0.009208337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00104458,0.0012274124,0.0006898632,0.0021608279,0.0010389591,0.0013905743,0.0006048167,0.0017459149,0.00401816],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017659646,0.0035128354,0.07050394,0.0027669973,0.00216059,0.0019199608,0.5990207,0.0018505637,0.0036843084,0.14328602,0.07597339,0.093554705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0075935447,0.003013505,0.0064782477,0.004753035,0.0017532835,0.00017136712,0.10417065,0.0058781537,0.010470853,0.04284258,0.80342174,0.009453045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01566585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014405835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83720416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048657542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013859632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2600432762","doi":"10.21815/jde.016.011","title":"Top‐Cited Articles in Problem‐Based Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis and Quality of Evidence Assessment","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Bibliometrics; Evidence-based medicine; Ranking (information retrieval); MEDLINE; Quality of evidence; Family medicine; Medicine; Psychology; Library science; Alternative medicine; Political science; Information retrieval; Meta-analysis; Computer science; Pathology","score_opus":0.3906450100511481,"score_gpt":0.5746661852518006,"score_spread":0.18402117520065248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2600432762","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017523272,0.981063,0.00013463556,0.00012668753,0.00017624142,0.00032903661,0.0000017524634,0.0000047703115,0.00064059143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1025987,0.89515126,0.0018125592,0.0000078327785,0.00009996645,0.000012488552,0.000005365633,0.000007335804,0.00030447156],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99618906,0.0017146495,0.0010596665,0.00016790733,0.0006995225,0.00016919148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99514645,0.000855782,0.0033927583,0.00014096571,0.00034676158,0.00011727159],"candidate_categories":["bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":["bibliometrics"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0076529086,0.0001333915,0.0009978581,0.037438076,0.00019567039,0.00022202206,0.00033174132,0.00014913653,0.00008834373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028563985,0.0001018749,0.0003600288,0.039976962,0.00011018201,0.0005443302,0.000031861993,0.00051548035,0.0000018050393],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008000974,0.00016729784,0.13324934,0.0017112838,0.000119264834,9.94972e-7,0.0007858005,0.000012259563,0.0000038179646,0.00005619693,0.000015597912,0.86387014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000623239,0.0004883573,0.32550836,0.034353197,0.0044531603,0.000013905095,0.0049389806,0.00005411192,0.000010768774,0.00020272826,0.62873405,0.00061913044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033779338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008911632,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86325103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037325226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003967309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9804288},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["bibliometrics","metaresearch"],"domain":"evaluation","study_design":"observational","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"design_other","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2602062720","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v6n2p110","title":"Does the Use of Case-based Learning Impact the Retention of Key Concepts in Undergraduate Biochemistry?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Knowledge retention; Preference; Psychology; Association (psychology); Test (biology); Key (lock); Correlation; Mathematics education; Medical education; Medicine; Computer science; Biology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.05065184463989407,"score_gpt":0.41025346696209103,"score_spread":0.35960162232219695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2602062720","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97903144,0.00015494566,0.000099780416,0.01869876,0.0012252032,0.00008015074,0.0000032444439,0.0000026362482,0.000703851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99833244,0.000054249776,0.00024083823,0.000053188447,0.0003200787,0.0000022442289,0.0000028880804,0.0000042244196,0.0009898483],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998866,0.00028509324,0.00031403676,0.00006141577,0.00039098092,0.00008244572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99768144,0.0003349999,0.0012104555,0.00012028513,0.0006263006,0.000026503325],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009771804,0.00005467627,0.00009001473,0.000081815546,0.00023928592,0.00014379578,0.00042727974,0.000042234096,0.00010468019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00072580145,0.000027201633,0.000104257444,0.000068913505,0.00023696623,0.00035910888,0.000020321251,0.00021123774,6.9724035e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005074628,0.00053347927,0.85838014,0.000052173178,0.0004120171,0.00005387235,0.020361334,0.010961767,0.017434923,0.012525524,0.003991923,0.07478541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023120455,0.0003416675,0.798959,0.0015648004,0.00019376329,0.00014654633,0.008586861,0.0007336686,0.021475725,0.0132894255,0.15200932,0.000387154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051263827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026227528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14801739,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014510585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007342994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77495915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2607398452","doi":"10.18260/1-2--15118","title":"Everyday Problem Solving In Engineering: Lessons For Educators","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Accreditation; Engineering education; Problem-based learning; Ambiguity; Computer science; Variety (cybernetics); Engineering management; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Medical education; Programming language","score_opus":0.04300375821722443,"score_gpt":0.32053696531101183,"score_spread":0.2775332070937874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2607398452","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1176111,0.0010461551,0.09104167,0.41452643,0.0013651993,0.004518891,0.000015923886,0.0018052234,0.3680694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98667496,0.000015064466,0.0116113955,0.00063493644,0.0002232052,0.00004581706,0.0000019082497,0.000011887594,0.00078084186],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992545,0.000042217987,0.00012153915,0.00016582663,0.00010930192,0.00030658647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996058,0.00018524344,0.000026721675,0.00004287592,0.000024359477,0.000115034854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005203488,0.000065552034,0.000097385964,0.000053397147,0.0001466054,0.000052661235,0.00014706409,0.000056326448,0.00015918985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043929383,0.0000654585,0.000041609124,0.00033966926,0.000019705847,0.00015682874,0.000020820424,0.00011434279,0.00001923894],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048997827,0.00012319672,0.024674624,0.00046365542,0.00003904964,0.0000063032508,0.28447387,0.0053193634,0.003274733,0.6165658,0.025594326,0.03941606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064508565,0.00011208038,0.0015688664,0.00009264408,0.000012203515,3.1365536e-7,0.017950838,0.00545403,0.00089683715,0.0019197328,0.97085595,0.0004914435],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008104064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045688753,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9452616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005086545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031463167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.266932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2607976431","doi":"10.1016/j.cptl.2017.03.027","title":"Introducing problem-based learning into a Canadian-accredited Middle Eastern educational setting","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Qatar University","keywords":"Accreditation; Curriculum; Strengths and weaknesses; Medical education; Context (archaeology); Problem-based learning; Experiential learning; Novelty; Psychology; Active learning (machine learning); Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.0390002139171878,"score_gpt":0.37714693425308204,"score_spread":0.33814672033589427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2607976431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96128947,0.0010527581,0.000488877,0.0075359535,0.0011093214,0.0004121156,0.0000018943986,0.00018203919,0.027927555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99241745,0.000058175734,0.004584751,0.00019072901,0.0010163808,0.00004344434,0.00004966508,0.000037250895,0.0016021685],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957638,0.002062237,0.00036671702,0.00058623956,0.00038896763,0.0008320521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982803,0.0005534716,0.0003834081,0.00020793006,0.000085727625,0.00048917066],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0062316814,0.0002486191,0.00024690942,0.00047022686,0.0105708875,0.00093746965,0.0005365876,0.000093794486,0.00018621614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00809389,0.00028398255,0.000062564766,0.00015521169,0.00022080388,0.0008326216,0.00012285355,0.0035202913,0.00003320156],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020497826,0.000036071506,0.6727508,0.000089811845,0.000013333275,0.0000057471243,0.057862405,0.004076323,0.00008443903,0.00036290113,0.00014154428,0.26455617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027080658,0.00007918605,0.010761386,0.0019111576,0.0000449937,0.0000055766322,0.015890442,0.095769286,0.000026987827,0.00055827433,0.8712407,0.0010039697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.29033124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017738542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8710991,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033548506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013480951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2613310864","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2017.1325942","title":"Problem-based learning in occupational therapy curriculum – implications and challenges","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Disability and Rehabilitation","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; Tel aviv; Hebrew; Arabic; Mathematics education; Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.0631860475314756,"score_gpt":0.369717399955934,"score_spread":0.3065313524244584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2613310864","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94425774,0.0008051203,0.000043856548,0.051469684,0.000031973133,0.0004947555,0.0000024287656,0.000047962116,0.0028464799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99714726,0.00087844813,0.0017548564,0.000030219613,0.000040746923,0.00011982601,0.0000073283727,0.000004626051,0.000016705024],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882764,0.0004276075,0.00016693737,0.0002842739,0.00013079027,0.00016273322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988501,0.000733486,0.00010508344,0.00017537123,0.000076275806,0.00005970104],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018427758,0.00007709775,0.00010794687,0.000041067917,0.0013399057,0.00012289218,0.00009798887,0.000087753244,0.000019383493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001593973,0.00007127022,0.00003039586,0.00006400333,0.001242097,0.0003914001,0.000021944817,0.00014044356,0.0000015388358],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017960421,0.000103735576,0.8331088,0.000056983186,0.0000016340869,3.494197e-8,0.0079791155,0.00003863429,0.000016997892,0.024868462,0.000003849207,0.13380383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038970532,0.00010696004,0.96935743,0.000036057765,0.0000020876755,9.188326e-8,0.003151543,0.00019262658,0.0000016650926,0.015448667,0.011219961,0.00009319671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003099314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0044650724,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13624868,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056121284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000988804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996024},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2617249542","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v6n3p91","title":"The Group-based Assessment Approach in Nursing Education: The Perspective of Nursing Students on Group-based Assessment Process at a Namibian University","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bachelor; Task (project management); Group work; Perspective (graphical); Process (computing); Psychology; Nurse education; Critical thinking; Medical education; Nursing; Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science; Engineering; Political science","score_opus":0.028939723584784444,"score_gpt":0.45644849756135203,"score_spread":0.4275087739765676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2617249542","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7945375,0.00035508198,0.0014998942,0.06235794,0.0056287004,0.0007603384,0.000005781458,0.00001609504,0.13483869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976782,0.000022186407,0.0009081478,0.00018439627,0.0005340403,0.000009773589,0.000008499341,0.000009344281,0.0006453861],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975475,0.0005672148,0.00030670787,0.00018174127,0.0012236891,0.00017313479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99743855,0.00028546262,0.0010766179,0.00021536577,0.00091457774,0.000069414],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016411854,0.00011347901,0.00013537571,0.00023134486,0.0011996003,0.00032453856,0.001331038,0.000063020845,0.000040194973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009027385,0.000084307554,0.00010374509,0.00016444402,0.0003857518,0.0004138176,0.000023331497,0.00036841517,0.0000010086995],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008828962,0.012793767,0.41010994,0.000033614593,0.0002149537,0.000006280602,0.029866802,0.0026703347,0.00020125772,0.45602658,0.0016526743,0.0855409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010894792,0.00017306309,0.95013076,0.0012831909,0.00005874753,0.0000040688724,0.034506213,0.0003168586,0.000039327697,0.008208636,0.0040399027,0.000149733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006107229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013996997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5400208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0040601864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0030296538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997631},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2617601193","doi":"10.5539/ass.v13n6p65","title":"Development of Ceramics Creative Process with Community-based Learning and Constructionism for Undergraduate Students","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Naresuan University; Uttaradit Rajabhat University","keywords":"Constructionism; Mathematics education; Psychology; Nonprobability sampling; Process (computing); Sociology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Developmental psychology","score_opus":0.036811223452118395,"score_gpt":0.3891598234260538,"score_spread":0.3523485999739354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2617601193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8489474,0.0000053113063,0.0047036316,0.0011268301,0.000105606814,0.0005397409,0.000003662203,0.0000507893,0.14451705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903941,0.0000020465038,0.00933836,0.000029301511,0.000028510352,0.000022642485,0.0000021135722,0.0000054892043,0.00017743885],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987709,0.00014693615,0.0001279869,0.00016224159,0.0005136091,0.00027833832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991821,0.00006978598,0.00031341182,0.00008059443,0.0002769366,0.000077174],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021980903,0.000078413235,0.00013095763,0.000058595866,0.016324557,0.0003887428,0.0005428521,0.000046722194,0.0000027792732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026682095,0.0000727593,0.000017286873,0.00020079168,0.0033153358,0.00037777153,0.00006940862,0.0002056592,4.8629306e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001079417,0.00012835358,0.1773775,0.0001607983,0.00004183709,9.665159e-7,0.3662721,0.000008816693,0.0006483387,0.047939926,0.0000054433676,0.40730798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004695744,0.000660724,0.43444255,0.000577881,0.000099289115,0.0000023978755,0.49954927,0.0001100578,0.0066915373,0.025137343,0.026903793,0.0011294226],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043800924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007303184,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40617856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000096959266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013468055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993971},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2617765882","doi":"","title":"Graduate Employability: Student Perceptions of PBL and its Effectiveness in Facilitating their Employability Skills","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Practice and evidence of scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Employability; Curriculum; Perception; Medical education; Psychology; Work (physics); Quarter (Canadian coin); Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Engineering; Medicine","score_opus":0.08075100795686456,"score_gpt":0.42236458933125415,"score_spread":0.3416135813743896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2617765882","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99437326,0.0029936514,0.000009358752,0.0019377667,0.00006796563,0.0004157115,4.004903e-7,0.000014958609,0.00018691947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980492,0.00056657655,0.0012075062,0.000028537806,0.000022991342,0.000047955808,8.865744e-7,0.0000068170416,0.000069506415],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9924209,0.0064106085,0.00041260192,0.00029798807,0.00027561717,0.00018226028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.990305,0.008894761,0.0003541325,0.00011002298,0.0002672123,0.00006889352],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.016340185,0.00011341809,0.0002685897,0.00019269847,0.0003408845,0.00008394102,0.00011305451,0.00009587605,0.000023625435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.019281553,0.00010737039,0.000028047858,0.00024269926,0.00019832207,0.002280789,0.000060962648,0.0010999136,0.0000010073586],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003096938,0.00023150828,0.87608963,0.0005537582,0.000008414014,7.639114e-8,0.0815815,0.00008618344,0.002729756,0.00036082344,3.8046437e-7,0.038327016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014903187,0.00016031647,0.9569771,0.0017274359,0.000020593645,8.861291e-7,0.039613012,0.000013581239,0.00006463113,0.0011346327,0.000040757597,0.000098015094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011038896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012930742,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0808875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006970603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019255935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955467},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2618149750","doi":"10.55016/ojs/pplt.v1y2016.30328","title":"Flexible Approaches to Using Online Case Data When Coupled with Textbook Based Case Studies in Medical Sciences Teaching and Learning","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Papers on postsecondary learning and teaching.","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematics education; Data science; Psychology","score_opus":0.22752007978861727,"score_gpt":0.39462474225001964,"score_spread":0.16710466246140238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2618149750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854908,0.0009820565,0.0005336271,0.0047835074,0.000068743706,0.0003516055,0.000013505999,0.00020734653,0.007568785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879485,0.000060919087,0.010062523,0.00064140564,0.0001487297,0.000010986075,0.000011795827,0.000038005262,0.0010771576],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99383754,0.0034250524,0.00037666623,0.0010191551,0.00062523637,0.00071637996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952804,0.0038635926,0.00019037137,0.00023688654,0.000027806784,0.00040097776],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013367412,0.00033476952,0.00045352534,0.00045420745,0.0052872496,0.00023399468,0.00032435352,0.00016328659,0.00014296354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006534247,0.00023106109,0.000032738673,0.00017735516,0.0010362522,0.00056805165,0.000324216,0.00221192,0.00000389921],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032898743,0.00023287575,0.06630815,0.0001931379,0.00014721963,0.011380967,0.09332957,0.0022165992,0.0002876751,0.0035442486,0.000041905583,0.82198864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013299864,0.007955966,0.0016851835,0.009889663,0.0004405301,0.03107357,0.6232286,0.15042068,0.000045154455,0.00051296863,0.1566591,0.004788696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0064200605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00581365,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81719995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013898486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00054712273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99600774},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2618274559","doi":"10.5539/ies.v10n6p123","title":"The Application of Problem-Based Learning Strategy to Increase High Order Thinking Skills of Senior Vocational School Students","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vocational education; Teamwork; Mathematics education; Psychology; Higher-order thinking; Test (biology); Class (philosophy); Normality; Quality (philosophy); Critical thinking; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Computer science; Management; Social psychology","score_opus":0.026197104715131894,"score_gpt":0.42820589697940575,"score_spread":0.4020087922642739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2618274559","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.957726,0.000627819,0.005501047,0.0149331065,0.0018026471,0.0011642581,0.000016952254,0.00006759324,0.018160578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99117804,0.00012446845,0.004872131,0.00015769801,0.00026706338,0.00023661555,0.000019355914,0.000009053689,0.0031356055],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982094,0.00018220833,0.000379484,0.00020659115,0.00086877635,0.00015354139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951135,0.0004876862,0.00069968106,0.0002298224,0.0034030462,0.00006626791],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017168066,0.00010040158,0.00014868082,0.00012973463,0.0016263076,0.00019821152,0.0008740298,0.00004525,0.000042636682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005386189,0.000082955456,0.00004670157,0.00016819254,0.00027240577,0.00027771184,0.00013549677,0.00014387192,0.000023186536],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000120722834,0.00078981795,0.6229806,0.0000838032,0.00049367885,3.0536728e-7,0.01984183,0.0059831673,0.0008890516,0.1367871,0.0021444978,0.2098854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013328763,0.00026628555,0.693678,0.00068012276,0.00011767679,9.916183e-7,0.040675987,0.00024278097,0.0017010847,0.043989677,0.21676366,0.0005508277],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00700256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011705654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21461916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016704391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011489186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2634264867","doi":"10.18260/1-2--9886","title":"Team Building Approach In A Multi Campus Institution","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Atlanta; Session (web analytics); The Internet; Institution; Scale (ratio); Filter (signal processing); Computer science; Engineering management; Engineering; World Wide Web; Sociology","score_opus":0.06290286116227936,"score_gpt":0.3299764463049268,"score_spread":0.26707358514264745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2634264867","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18232623,0.00018483425,0.16639942,0.0038925998,0.0001496846,0.00058035454,9.565993e-7,0.00039732025,0.6460686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.976522,0.000012686629,0.022528157,0.0006364741,0.00008521831,0.0000066088587,0.0000011672793,0.000003369051,0.0002042781],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992756,0.00013901619,0.00009959348,0.00015790366,0.0001340139,0.000193866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980956,0.000029794192,0.000027064918,0.000038065937,0.000014886934,0.00008061478],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005020623,0.000049063616,0.000074016825,0.00004402013,0.00021039927,0.000042093372,0.00011848038,0.0000612876,0.000060967588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002779407,0.000045652287,0.00002248211,0.00042653718,0.000061974584,0.00019980474,0.000025869293,0.00015494436,0.000029465362],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000064080414,0.00026275302,0.21435893,0.00010586112,0.000019163643,0.000017934388,0.2531671,0.008644082,0.0040109977,0.41948414,0.001746872,0.0981181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004617143,0.00022739913,0.017034335,0.00012478959,0.00002825492,0.0000036561858,0.09152588,0.1673247,0.0016895299,0.0018998509,0.71409607,0.001428398],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00443557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00057943247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79419583,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059076952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016575074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6705285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2646604880","doi":"10.22329/celt.v10i0.4748","title":"Student Motivation in Response to Problem-based Learning","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Subject matter; Mathematics education; Psychology; Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Active learning (machine learning); Student engagement; Critical thinking; Subject (documents); Cooperative learning; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.02310454846480321,"score_gpt":0.34465039700842737,"score_spread":0.32154584854362417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2646604880","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.905111,0.000028862712,0.00074136286,0.0033970722,0.000096241565,0.00047759202,4.7694647e-7,0.00024752115,0.089899875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909013,0.000010862809,0.0012353497,0.00013583878,0.00009343337,0.000062094136,0.000003958431,0.000029856958,0.0075273397],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99515843,0.0031222089,0.0002681563,0.00046683603,0.00045518234,0.0005291966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979194,0.001371062,0.00025199607,0.0001978692,0.000077933015,0.00018174764],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0070211478,0.00019031197,0.00025018462,0.00049727433,0.0070464117,0.0007908325,0.00032526764,0.00015395854,0.000044951335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01480077,0.00020079743,0.000044554832,0.00023271905,0.0001029403,0.00025401346,0.00009506412,0.0015665422,0.00002098638],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001180143,0.00018081076,0.83035475,0.000034665605,0.000022749915,0.000038327442,0.062997706,0.031116242,0.002561567,0.006045628,0.00014202876,0.06532536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040804413,0.001743463,0.7493468,0.0014949056,0.00002938043,0.0000019800582,0.013191601,0.0049867374,0.00014209015,0.0005767487,0.22336572,0.0010401225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002135693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00064483687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2232237,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025407717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029273436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9942463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2683534262","doi":"10.1515/ijnes-2016-0012","title":"Strengthening Distance Nursing Laboratory Courses Through Application of Theoretical Foundations: A Literature Review","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"NorQuest College","funders":"","keywords":"Nursing; Medical education; Medicine","score_opus":0.11720745478363934,"score_gpt":0.5350006578449501,"score_spread":0.41779320306131074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2683534262","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000050806607,0.98399746,0.0026177124,0.0027618879,0.0031912932,0.0004526728,0.0000600046,0.000019882073,0.0068939985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0018560825,0.9927104,0.00328412,0.00015008813,0.0016838154,0.00003099687,0.00015257909,0.000029443356,0.0001024568],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99563366,0.0013122812,0.001322716,0.00027939657,0.0012215254,0.0002304099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9913405,0.0006676522,0.004170513,0.00037417232,0.0033173382,0.00012981445],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003522517,0.0002674114,0.0008881435,0.0004105249,0.00047120708,0.0005879945,0.0015089526,0.00030309844,0.00007711246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0051124673,0.00024248596,0.00044846244,0.0004983549,0.0007623457,0.0016293983,0.00001882299,0.0011537856,0.000012754569],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013494825,0.00030235006,0.000019653413,0.0016336093,0.000095800126,0.0000024724832,0.0032409083,5.499778e-7,8.5607945e-7,0.11111797,0.0010609877,0.8825114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007746341,0.00001996351,0.000006757967,0.29674387,0.00039651102,0.000060857972,0.00039611396,5.739415e-7,0.0000015043676,0.012453151,0.68968964,0.0001536062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006680257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020865868,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8823578,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010626017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005671052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2724522278","doi":"10.1080/03057925.2017.1339261","title":"Comparison of student marks obtained by an assessment panel reveals generic problem-solving skills and academic ability as distinct skill sets","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Compare A Journal of Comparative and International Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Test (biology); Psychology; Population; Academic achievement; Academic skills; Medical education; Medicine","score_opus":0.12094298890436549,"score_gpt":0.521835458949692,"score_spread":0.40089247004532647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2724522278","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890287,0.0013967073,0.00077717286,0.0012542309,0.00048338514,0.00027254169,0.000010320681,0.0000063298207,0.0067705926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99702793,0.00028851573,0.0021120273,0.00007412087,0.00020944931,0.000010581951,0.000025841458,0.0000058187084,0.0002456958],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979384,0.0005120167,0.0006909132,0.00020467442,0.0004915382,0.00016244793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967648,0.00029901098,0.0016138288,0.00014636392,0.0009946896,0.00018130646],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015720027,0.0001438978,0.00041971655,0.00012195424,0.0006451319,0.00025222945,0.00053208973,0.00006133318,0.000093222254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026034508,0.00012773533,0.00005347095,0.00006404961,0.00032597728,0.00094341533,0.000090917565,0.00037406152,9.951368e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055939567,0.0007947925,0.9357116,0.000029247802,0.000093709816,4.1329258e-7,0.040666036,0.000056384255,0.0013986514,0.0028284297,0.0030882214,0.015276549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048742606,0.0002765643,0.97198963,0.0002629296,0.000045085104,0.000009110181,0.015322203,0.0005174459,0.00020155635,0.0063882084,0.0043396433,0.00016016692],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031195107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009809236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036278035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017686469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006047453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5208896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W272673899","doi":"","title":"Preparing Pre-Service Science Teachers: Can Problem-Based Learning Help?.","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Group work; Psychology; Student engagement; Computer science","score_opus":0.021135208936924315,"score_gpt":0.3080515181762695,"score_spread":0.2869163092393452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W272673899","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25081468,0.00008548411,0.0024311712,0.0013602604,0.000150892,0.00057308155,4.4456922e-7,0.0006190605,0.74396497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9791607,0.0000066903367,0.014429548,0.00062731846,0.000061998646,0.000044108907,0.0000015584452,0.000018730496,0.00564933],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970621,0.00057178695,0.0002306842,0.0005003725,0.0007429065,0.00089218415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989757,0.0001833901,0.00012702838,0.00022736113,0.0002179383,0.00026860222],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005543044,0.00015751303,0.00015373618,0.00019718232,0.002253981,0.000375191,0.00050747884,0.00009995216,0.0005070385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013771496,0.00015229167,0.000051867064,0.0017436321,0.0003533953,0.0005133372,0.000052129468,0.0004094353,0.00006198869],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005578663,0.00034235456,0.4107378,0.00019688845,0.000048362737,0.000010447886,0.2572762,0.040820986,0.014899875,0.18775077,0.0011214229,0.08673907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000963974,0.00020063815,0.0026124588,0.00018198491,0.000035969086,0.0000029718178,0.02013603,0.0026120103,0.0094880685,0.002291248,0.96055335,0.00092126976],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010124533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010458983,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95943195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027957893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002352563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99904495},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2730271192","doi":"10.12740/app/70476","title":"“Formulation wars”: a novel formulation curriculum for residents and faculty","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biopsychosocial model; Curriculum; Status quo; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Psychiatry; Political science","score_opus":0.034739237796564876,"score_gpt":0.37040353078110033,"score_spread":0.3356642929845355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2730271192","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9357461,0.0012163687,0.04263362,0.00713489,0.0006878733,0.0009377441,0.000056633395,0.000047040878,0.011539742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96125704,0.0018907698,0.035964813,0.00012813443,0.00028858593,0.000021476682,0.000016875556,0.0000124706,0.00041980873],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928373,0.000041126383,0.00017607254,0.00020059409,0.00011753497,0.00018094051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993968,0.000087979635,0.00025734914,0.00016703835,0.00002292689,0.0000678834],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032889826,0.000093153525,0.00012491833,0.00007021719,0.0012451925,0.00010021585,0.00015710044,0.00006196989,0.000011498823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022803948,0.00008475406,0.000057641904,0.00003372758,0.00013351714,0.0003495906,0.0000056049307,0.000068643785,4.11303e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036416773,0.00012514133,0.37665516,0.000111450936,0.000052933843,4.3747313e-8,0.01705035,0.0000049015152,0.0012559736,0.5017116,0.00018148421,0.10248682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031256655,0.00027667047,0.4717592,0.0002028637,0.000022043312,9.780364e-7,0.0007354566,0.00096167467,0.0000636959,0.50020903,0.022410754,0.00023198061],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00089384057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014816906,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10225484,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000236452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005063244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95771396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2734007079","doi":"10.5539/ies.v10n7p18","title":"Pre-Service Teachers’ Experiences and Views on Project-Based Learning Processes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Project-based learning; Semi-structured interview; Mathematics education; Psychology; Process (computing); Qualitative research; Teaching method; Educational technology; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.1560666432442221,"score_gpt":0.483743634238713,"score_spread":0.32767699099449094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2734007079","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93148744,0.0019920028,0.000068713685,0.014825918,0.0018871471,0.00032437578,0.0000014650623,0.000092244205,0.049320705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99073,0.00050094316,0.00071048806,0.00082464196,0.00039134134,0.0004110054,0.000004853065,0.0000073213123,0.0064194063],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902916,0.00011544768,0.00014599238,0.0002379465,0.0003288569,0.00014257143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846804,0.00022898066,0.0002534171,0.00011401193,0.0008981197,0.000037457703],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005690706,0.00009899924,0.00011022313,0.000103415616,0.0018661004,0.00034792558,0.00033512744,0.000039799244,0.000050399623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005406765,0.00008651001,0.000020524149,0.000094718685,0.00023742489,0.0005320841,0.00005596562,0.00013696514,0.000018616867],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051379964,0.00018459052,0.09506121,0.00009117366,0.000085346896,7.246852e-7,0.79132426,0.000036890033,0.000030260264,0.0027077214,0.007012713,0.10341375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016612302,0.000051024894,0.0071785324,0.00021417526,0.000009825024,4.407913e-7,0.2004049,0.000026933958,0.000120608645,0.00035472354,0.79132736,0.00014535934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001985194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017222798,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78431463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000085283275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008432942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99943334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2735072913","doi":"10.21815/jde.017.046","title":"Dental Faculty Members’ Pedagogic Beliefs and Curriculum Aims in Problem‐Based Learning: An Exploratory Study","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Exploratory research; Medical education; Psychology; Faculty development; Problem-based learning; Dental education; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Professional development; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.0551840935517748,"score_gpt":0.41419730960414697,"score_spread":0.3590132160523722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2735072913","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99633765,0.0001884993,0.000008573126,0.0003070417,0.0005569206,0.00030652087,7.532827e-7,0.000012435923,0.0022816292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99866056,0.000034792047,0.00044414334,0.00004483169,0.0003709245,0.000013777318,0.000004768119,0.000010424137,0.00041576833],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983315,0.00047830047,0.00033772556,0.00016941766,0.00047633218,0.00020672433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882036,0.000029783921,0.0006833972,0.000116973926,0.0001612779,0.00018818123],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018763887,0.000111406196,0.00017919294,0.000210543,0.0009401293,0.0003858866,0.0003272771,0.00007173986,0.00010622431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003294491,0.00010202508,0.000051735362,0.000123905,0.00011710416,0.0015304374,0.000041546715,0.00042237702,0.000009820248],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023549437,0.0010760527,0.9307423,0.000012164195,0.000009459713,0.000011188227,0.059575442,0.00006426937,0.00014707512,0.000071801835,0.00013775527,0.008128909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016728652,0.0010088775,0.38870198,0.00018909729,0.0000482911,0.000026337377,0.60091054,0.00009022012,0.00009038674,0.00022942766,0.0067663314,0.00026568136],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028538776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01247107,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54204035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002165368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008952887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72308093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2735248318","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0916-146r","title":"Examination Outcomes Following Use of Card Games for Learning Radiographic Image Quality in Veterinary Medicine","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Artifact (error); Contrast (vision); Quality (philosophy); Mathematics education; Significant difference; Medicine; Medical education; Psychology; Multimedia; Veterinary medicine; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.18439843991612706,"score_gpt":0.4906331929288063,"score_spread":0.3062347530126792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2735248318","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.991837,0.000361702,0.0010539487,0.0045771752,0.0014607576,0.00019834506,7.2126096e-7,0.000009656687,0.000500687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966249,0.00033252253,0.0024248858,0.00009764968,0.00033672538,0.0000140944585,0.0000045838447,0.000010687813,0.00015398873],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969739,0.0011479957,0.00074240484,0.00013937613,0.0007823607,0.00021396532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997107,0.0011584206,0.001116759,0.00017102878,0.00026734223,0.0001794036],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009028065,0.000107437765,0.00041921134,0.00038576743,0.000424635,0.00006508727,0.0003843033,0.00014061821,0.000064510416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.026352573,0.00009167225,0.00020438105,0.00015269045,0.00033174278,0.0010632558,0.000041197247,0.00036531722,4.207421e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037595164,0.00051315536,0.51247495,0.0003889111,0.0001271181,0.00007538352,0.03294101,0.00002391708,0.0059489906,0.0008217731,0.0004897957,0.44581905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013802234,0.0016916541,0.9609533,0.0011305802,0.000054061693,0.000026247391,0.0064897304,0.00009150568,0.000017133301,0.0005106982,0.027500445,0.0001544463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001746047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006318096,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44847834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011264939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091333134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9818489},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2739000366","doi":"10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10605","title":"A Child With Limb Pain: A Case-Based Learning Module and Teaching Resource for Pediatric Infectious Diseases","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MedEdPORTAL","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Subspecialty; Session (web analytics); Medicine; Pediatric Infectious Disease; Medical education; Family medicine; Pediatrics; Computer science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.01259417665455091,"score_gpt":0.2790793840842357,"score_spread":0.2664852074296848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2739000366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96852356,0.00029423778,0.0032669206,0.0011597155,0.00008243531,0.0006278173,0.000011190497,0.00027954855,0.025754545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979279,0.0000077493,0.0005144682,0.00013832854,0.00063731073,0.000080839694,0.0000130500175,0.00002621454,0.0006541136],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985816,0.0003321033,0.0001397335,0.00031484233,0.00023913439,0.0003926057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891484,0.00038871253,0.0002529526,0.00020503199,0.000044459783,0.00019402057],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016235189,0.00014339454,0.00017848774,0.000102447666,0.0061597284,0.00039644464,0.0001537645,0.00007924607,0.000034660763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023485802,0.00012587212,0.00006677942,0.000050779403,0.0001800316,0.00025202584,0.000036749236,0.0003360037,0.0000022572692],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009139351,0.00007614517,0.9598056,0.000104551145,0.000026373446,0.0004689803,0.0038269318,0.00040810584,0.000002283512,0.0013869046,0.00044480138,0.03335795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013320547,0.0065303524,0.12417292,0.00067226123,0.0014318477,0.0012863539,0.023441102,0.021305539,0.000056452158,0.0017050335,0.802242,0.0038356415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002245716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022139256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8356327,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003267527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017704602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951341},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2744075470","doi":"10.18260/1-2--27697","title":"Board # 114 : Progress toward Optimizing Student Team Skill Development using Evidence-Based Strategies","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Purdue University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; American Society for Engineering Education; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Teamwork; Team effectiveness; Metacognition; Leverage (statistics); Psychological intervention; Psychology; Medical education; Cognition; Knowledge management; Cognitive skill; Computer science; Applied psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.11277693066745546,"score_gpt":0.40508830792139794,"score_spread":0.29231137725394246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2744075470","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7910977,0.001658174,0.070841424,0.003226004,0.001175699,0.0016805943,0.00000105057,0.0010545601,0.12926479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8811932,0.00002551425,0.117551565,0.00031020248,0.00036836782,0.000034384273,0.0000010918772,0.000016007736,0.0004996472],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99737364,0.0004443362,0.00033709008,0.00039697005,0.0007838052,0.0006641732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899334,0.00020626104,0.00015018378,0.00017804111,0.00029745663,0.00017471812],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024623545,0.0001958917,0.00021124231,0.00014220741,0.001305958,0.0006412722,0.000465961,0.00011833858,0.00050037605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016074491,0.00017004837,0.00006656634,0.0004468387,0.00049649045,0.0008726521,0.00010961563,0.00017606247,0.00008258634],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002969275,0.000775785,0.16931438,0.00036182842,0.00030101545,0.000054405537,0.5723455,0.0046557756,0.0019227414,0.026974427,0.0026756313,0.22032158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032912977,0.0017582551,0.027549494,0.0055646934,0.0002705751,0.000007027483,0.56312263,0.013647064,0.0374806,0.0016473151,0.34106532,0.0045957067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016345094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009714381,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3383897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034773085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026100338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999942},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W274964266","doi":"","title":"Enhanced Student Learning with Problem Based Learning.","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Lifelong learning; Active learning (machine learning); Experiential learning; Premise; Learning sciences; Mathematics education; Process (computing); Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.018456766701752024,"score_gpt":0.2923227455291979,"score_spread":0.2738659788274459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W274964266","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36715028,0.000086941574,0.023624728,0.0010046404,0.00006258962,0.00052151765,1.8513431e-7,0.0008668834,0.60668224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9564826,0.000061903076,0.0063433535,0.00022921375,0.00011387189,0.000050796287,0.0000047565304,0.000023821005,0.036689684],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99769294,0.00054874306,0.00019026881,0.0003399531,0.00067989336,0.00054817705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923694,0.0002033174,0.00012681387,0.00011422408,0.00015355683,0.00016514669],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009720191,0.00015942095,0.00019107053,0.00011014588,0.002015622,0.00007939326,0.00024337135,0.000095020885,0.0013803769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001488621,0.00012944685,0.000059059796,0.0005369275,0.00025392714,0.00023366259,0.00003235383,0.0005546127,0.00020214978],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037814234,0.00058971625,0.6675992,0.00008981122,0.00015438808,0.0001833025,0.17860651,0.08156371,0.004129334,0.018208869,0.0015347901,0.046962216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003480953,0.002087549,0.022110393,0.00020164427,0.000056151173,0.000012081874,0.024470167,0.0010682918,0.005586682,0.00015325872,0.9393447,0.0014281346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013830519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006568863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9378099,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009544484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005693215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2751396865","doi":"10.3138/jvme.1016-155r1","title":"Impact of Virtual Patients as Optional Learning Material in Veterinary Biochemistry Education","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Veterinary education; Test (biology); Medical education; Relevance (law); Psychology; Mathematics education; Medicine; Pedagogy; Biology; Political science","score_opus":0.040269213026905296,"score_gpt":0.43392161298002624,"score_spread":0.39365239995312096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2751396865","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99480814,0.00006689455,0.000009881348,0.0005937385,0.0017519589,0.00008514057,0.000001831435,0.0000053776785,0.0026770306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99831486,0.0001426886,0.00024639443,0.00004252082,0.00097354944,0.0000062840054,0.000020068754,0.000008986857,0.0002446563],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981552,0.00035439213,0.00048741058,0.0001216711,0.0006945178,0.00018683153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983154,0.000095643205,0.00088643696,0.00013203487,0.0003288381,0.00024167281],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014627617,0.00010022876,0.00019849319,0.00017304021,0.00032078772,0.00007986872,0.00043765304,0.00017229516,0.0011383268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004911838,0.000092504015,0.0001158548,0.00008631379,0.00021809063,0.00057292957,0.00006619013,0.00037794403,0.0000066686443],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002180898,0.0038992485,0.3237555,0.00015402197,0.00007770886,0.00003696386,0.010746431,0.000071836264,0.015970355,0.00047503653,0.0017217082,0.64091027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001641621,0.00742011,0.9675866,0.0016256769,0.000030896295,0.00023052607,0.0039249244,0.00005409901,0.0002576502,0.0006749506,0.016225511,0.00032747188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012915739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004668228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6438311,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034130257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008621314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2752667121","doi":"10.3138/jvme.1015-176r1","title":"Approaches and Study Skills of Veterinary Medical Students: Effects of a Curricular Revision","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Mathematics education; Psychology; Curriculum mapping; Active learning (machine learning); Emergent curriculum; Curriculum development; Medicine; Computer science; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.06673868563154997,"score_gpt":0.4416691824231441,"score_spread":0.3749304967915942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2752667121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955719,0.0015404137,0.00010717621,0.0013232026,0.0008436891,0.00030814632,3.0384496e-7,0.000004847431,0.0003003345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978563,0.0011582328,0.00044052143,0.00007259535,0.0004234367,0.0000065545637,7.264804e-7,0.000007866807,0.000033730757],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959045,0.0009756909,0.00062091067,0.00015058529,0.00218231,0.00016601688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99780613,0.000414082,0.0009942636,0.0002252035,0.00019393257,0.00036637852],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0062360186,0.00010807122,0.00039288067,0.0001454408,0.00031056994,0.0000598378,0.0008945849,0.00015932263,0.00013185249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010307668,0.00008437728,0.00009221074,0.000103751416,0.00041546056,0.00038540567,0.0002379499,0.0003698647,9.953651e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003542941,0.0079058865,0.21137147,0.0011190827,0.00019197488,0.0003461926,0.03665389,9.20659e-7,0.00050917704,0.00027347117,0.000665631,0.74060804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00600376,0.02363863,0.8990544,0.012322703,0.00038326887,0.0008027175,0.023458304,0.00009479142,0.00016157495,0.0006344841,0.03295084,0.0004945264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002509095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006282005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7401135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005020142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012762925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99802893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2753146808","doi":"10.5430/jct.v6n2p52","title":"Combined Application of Study Design and Case-based Learning Comprehensive Model in Epidemiology Teaching","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Curriculum and Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Epidemiology; Curriculum; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.06467721952118438,"score_gpt":0.38974576816329565,"score_spread":0.32506854864211127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2753146808","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88136405,0.00023561202,0.11728873,0.00036398735,0.000042557913,0.00026295573,2.2328e-7,0.000008552833,0.00043334675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9808632,0.000026158641,0.018993896,0.000036586418,0.000059338097,0.0000042871657,2.7828796e-7,0.0000071748077,0.000009044362],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963786,0.0025908519,0.0005059614,0.00015161568,0.00016060121,0.00021237858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99764395,0.0009396338,0.0011146584,0.00010953994,0.00009441039,0.000097807686],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010261163,0.00010506677,0.00041452106,0.00017525874,0.0014936973,0.00006568432,0.00017691492,0.00007987366,0.0000010641784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025269352,0.00008929309,0.00004779077,0.000027665277,0.00014633867,0.0003602476,0.00005159369,0.0009653808,1.3181673e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006222538,0.000244871,0.8828136,0.000035790374,0.000029934317,0.000079152145,0.019282326,0.03685448,0.00024108078,0.007701265,0.000012979325,0.052642334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004699433,0.0015929474,0.071066104,0.00043635233,0.0001570521,0.00018000962,0.04079283,0.873834,0.000017150158,0.0060501555,0.0007715089,0.0004024592],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049040783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017324422,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8369795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003920657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000095347415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998062},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755439716","doi":"10.1007/s40670-017-0463-8","title":"Practical Strategies for Using Case-based Tutorials in Small Group Learning: Challenges and Solutions","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Science Educator","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Small group learning; Computer science; Medical education; Active learning (machine learning); Team-based learning; Mathematics education; Psychology; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.2941279393642759,"score_gpt":0.4694408733674587,"score_spread":0.17531293400318282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2755439716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93709105,0.0009375666,0.006572439,0.0444278,0.0027954658,0.00070346054,0.0000021496305,0.00008978612,0.0073802858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99145496,0.00010966342,0.0073735025,0.000099794255,0.0008740113,0.00004799454,4.7819515e-7,0.0000070553383,0.00003253396],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99777216,0.00033359695,0.00020341882,0.00041351924,0.0005513505,0.00072596304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979665,0.0010765935,0.000165396,0.0001908452,0.000100326004,0.0005003111],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0113740135,0.000104223735,0.00017987503,0.00013641932,0.0042324644,0.0005968406,0.0004336038,0.0001580791,0.000086074666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02170516,0.00009284506,0.000034877183,0.00016628686,0.0028056116,0.0007826898,0.00010294695,0.0003475674,0.000003029877],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046591635,0.00040380663,0.0066771694,0.0001158607,0.000009065026,0.00023559047,0.030273894,0.000023218063,0.00053446426,0.8688683,0.00015746393,0.092654556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005315528,0.0013909827,0.021206528,0.001304054,0.00015295911,0.000492508,0.4849177,0.03650901,0.00030532872,0.0634468,0.38258126,0.002377341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005523642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011620041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80542153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015949595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008050284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2757249463","doi":"10.2196/mededu.7939","title":"Log In to Experiential Learning Theory: Supporting Web-Based Faculty Development","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Southampton","keywords":"Experiential learning; Computer science; World Wide Web; Psychology; Knowledge management; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.02842501626096711,"score_gpt":0.4198967639707217,"score_spread":0.39147174770975457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2757249463","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.953911,0.000017014063,0.0007711325,0.010549808,0.0007158997,0.00041456267,3.049576e-7,0.00008296096,0.03353729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951124,0.000002011947,0.0011221551,0.0008514071,0.00032288977,0.00026719953,0.000025121555,0.000008824132,0.0022879909],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824274,0.0003319541,0.00024368476,0.00023546533,0.0005904851,0.0003556491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992144,0.00009100358,0.0001708501,0.00014314576,0.000068924,0.00031166425],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030746215,0.000083509025,0.0001119256,0.000106868014,0.0011790575,0.00015476308,0.00038166097,0.00013554444,0.001996155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007150955,0.00008084202,0.000028425393,0.00013101613,0.00012575842,0.00018064986,0.00005671131,0.00030707323,0.00011198067],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044901964,0.0002429887,0.12578405,0.000025631434,0.0000044805774,0.0000047933954,0.13431403,0.000014945976,0.00007389945,0.0049285707,0.0024531716,0.73210853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005552891,0.000037305574,0.060067132,0.0002580006,0.0000030043238,4.3164295e-7,0.020696264,0.00020729798,0.00019244422,0.00035376253,0.91739285,0.0002361969],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00090252113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012962713,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9149397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017810412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0060543558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2760724579","doi":"10.11575/ajer.v63i2.56345","title":"Teacher Perceptions of Project Based Learning in the Secondary Classroom","year":2017,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"University of Calgary","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Language arts; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Library science; Psychology; Art; Computer science","score_opus":0.024561171955073645,"score_gpt":0.27375229953562935,"score_spread":0.2491911275805557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2760724579","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48417076,0.00078142487,0.0013741236,0.008141283,0.00023373285,0.00044083456,0.000012209657,0.000026342906,0.5048193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97184294,0.0002030415,0.0014181107,0.00007802784,0.0000616336,2.917685e-7,0.000008123873,0.0000066485622,0.026381178],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981801,0.0009961018,0.00013413135,0.00017551999,0.00027005753,0.00024411935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990859,0.00022711721,0.00029845798,0.0002806659,0.000070869544,0.000036982427],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014145888,0.00009724793,0.0001994125,0.00012295246,0.0011643091,0.000027933691,0.0007237974,0.00018673022,0.0014337336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019659473,0.00010030035,0.00015126096,0.00018310727,0.0012317197,0.000362956,0.000092037786,0.0006825305,0.000020791469],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019455563,0.0005191424,0.4392507,0.0003834279,0.00007067679,0.00008855075,0.16000293,0.00018021921,0.00039605075,0.012090364,0.009281314,0.37754205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011975099,0.00025409646,0.2958991,0.00033436398,0.00010192515,0.0000016953269,0.06979082,0.003456943,0.000013455966,0.00026422614,0.62846464,0.00022120541],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.041187834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0068297824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61918336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081828744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008348798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994791},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767048002","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v6i1.637","title":"Creation and pilot testing of cases for case-based learning: A pedagogical approach for pathology cancer diagnosis","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"National Cancer Institute; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","keywords":"Medicine; Grading (engineering); CLARITY; Medical physics; Test (biology); Medical education","score_opus":0.24030078753957143,"score_gpt":0.43637209871679566,"score_spread":0.19607131117722423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767048002","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97773576,0.0033003162,0.0120167965,0.00478134,0.00023915518,0.00064889784,0.000062186,0.000020341133,0.0011952175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885703,0.00011666754,0.01043291,0.00008919773,0.000640136,0.000101993464,0.0000018230321,0.00001140529,0.00003559251],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878955,0.00030285385,0.00035819403,0.00013565607,0.00020921131,0.00020452545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951698,0.002487101,0.0010911042,0.00009191279,0.0010174612,0.0001426075],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032448946,0.00009536973,0.00036010018,0.00012330475,0.0009011294,0.000028128557,0.00015630995,0.00006128374,0.000026315382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017549915,0.00007217762,0.000037364018,0.00014835177,0.0006502538,0.00015264,0.000012487409,0.00017634737,3.300986e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017476734,0.0004302803,0.8599656,0.0007486942,0.00017250859,0.0011748668,0.04288065,0.0007626807,0.0053938534,0.003391346,0.0025337976,0.080798015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.048662446,0.09377557,0.060167745,0.0048898514,0.004437863,0.002529062,0.28066826,0.0073567657,0.0062307767,0.0031076341,0.4858233,0.00235073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00077158445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016690811,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7997979,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046389603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00062439946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767168694","doi":"10.1016/j.cptl.2017.10.005","title":"Using a course pilot in the development of an online problem-based learning (PBL) therapeutics course in a post-professional PharmD program","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Pharmacy; Medical education; Online course; Professional development; Problem-based learning; Medicine; Engineering; Nursing","score_opus":0.20634284551687296,"score_gpt":0.5044577769859996,"score_spread":0.2981149314691266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767168694","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972714,0.00050034496,0.00010360519,0.0005408727,0.00022236296,0.0007392121,0.000002481274,0.000066683286,0.0005530477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884929,0.00004107198,0.0110708065,0.00011531218,0.00011025185,0.00005803079,0.00003705136,0.000027876786,0.000046713358],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9934522,0.004326539,0.0005842343,0.00041234365,0.0005792396,0.0006454663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986561,0.0004476189,0.0005320275,0.00018122733,0.0000813546,0.00010167753],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011023504,0.00024992574,0.00031233835,0.00024736373,0.0028474047,0.00023999077,0.00067022373,0.00007822123,0.000024235911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062766485,0.00021255469,0.000043586086,0.00023323699,0.00027928612,0.0005728482,0.000114143164,0.0036724098,0.000001036292],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001308913,0.0016174283,0.3848185,0.000068936686,0.0000143389225,0.000010705894,0.0832376,0.0043167965,0.0005185352,0.000046439407,9.71105e-7,0.52521884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015997196,0.0008954725,0.39775717,0.0047294637,0.00017202042,0.000011185465,0.10846136,0.3992109,0.00015385129,0.00020757028,0.07079827,0.0016055658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003445004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025643006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5236133,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012396618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011634808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986262},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767255250","doi":"10.28984/drhj.v1i0.44","title":"Using Skeletal Outlines and Illustrative Diagrams as a Teaching/Learning Strategy in a Baccalaureate Nursing Pharmacology Course","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Diversity of Research in Health Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Bachelor; Praxis; Medical education; Nurse education; Critical thinking; Comprehension; Medicine; Psychology; Nursing; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.29052998053757206,"score_gpt":0.5653895800209896,"score_spread":0.27485959948341754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767255250","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98676896,0.0007815107,0.000086105465,0.0075041535,0.0001586363,0.00032613688,0.0000020135296,0.000009205543,0.004363291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99799424,0.0012069275,0.00040951528,0.000034433357,0.00022143537,0.0000010260851,6.4521447e-7,0.000005608187,0.00012617919],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9938065,0.0041501485,0.0003044348,0.00021765538,0.00069089385,0.00083038164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855024,0.00042750427,0.0003819458,0.00007830448,0.00020956309,0.00035244584],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.017315727,0.00009447888,0.00027826714,0.00044520956,0.0069695488,0.0002169762,0.00043241706,0.000116109295,0.000064048494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009928645,0.000097372606,0.000043477354,0.00019112561,0.0012326958,0.0006328617,0.00023050822,0.0025799202,0.0000019229285],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002175732,0.00026822888,0.80899733,0.00014224522,0.000027537846,0.00032431202,0.08560711,0.0012576475,0.00008201362,0.0029670934,0.00016565276,0.09994325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008081761,0.002821252,0.6094254,0.005073982,0.00003686352,0.00015819419,0.33233026,0.017530072,0.000040886312,0.019894507,0.00395317,0.0006536323],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.057609066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030495054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24672316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046129472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017565519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972117},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2768802614","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0616-111r1","title":"Impact of Expert Commentary and Student Reflection on Veterinary Clinical Decision-Making Skills in an Innovative Electronic-Learning Case-Based Platform","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Experiential learning; Multidisciplinary approach; Psychology; Mathematics education; Critical thinking; Medical education; Medicine","score_opus":0.12146254874500924,"score_gpt":0.5619939243624977,"score_spread":0.4405313756174885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2768802614","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975959,0.00013440753,0.00020806477,0.0009935201,0.0005770027,0.00013961895,5.1280637e-7,0.00000760294,0.00034337226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975332,0.00026016662,0.0011546508,0.0005409998,0.0004894718,0.0000048847432,0.0000025281647,0.000011225364,0.0000028783247],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972366,0.0010060034,0.0007415542,0.00017181964,0.0005946731,0.00024935178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975816,0.000816139,0.0009895904,0.00016498972,0.00024482014,0.00020284658],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0064393086,0.00011953944,0.00028993082,0.0002986055,0.00056116877,0.00009016394,0.00031721804,0.00015090796,0.00011360654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0035589011,0.00010023066,0.00009205865,0.00017494406,0.00023469064,0.0006771032,0.00006176328,0.00089469465,6.13046e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016239928,0.0017820741,0.18306981,0.000014365456,0.000047268306,0.00050720427,0.016458549,0.00005964742,0.00020315958,0.000052805626,0.000222435,0.7959587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031333154,0.03908358,0.9298542,0.003148676,0.000025594463,0.0014735097,0.012939868,0.00064136746,0.000013610806,0.0005109627,0.008835757,0.00033955654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00063715456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015451945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79561913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049981615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019278702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4316113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2770085272","doi":"10.1080/03043797.2017.1405242","title":"Action research: a methodology for transformative learning for a professor and his students in an engineering classroom","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Engineering Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Transformative learning; Action research; Pedagogy; Situated learning; Mathematics education; Active learning (machine learning); Action (physics); Situated; Cooperative learning; Argument (complex analysis); Psychology; Engineering education; Sociology; Teaching method; Engineering; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.2780651690635358,"score_gpt":0.49903701682341783,"score_spread":0.22097184775988205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2770085272","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9098085,0.00016264433,0.087671466,0.00088752306,0.0007873598,0.00046501812,6.81551e-7,0.000018421792,0.00019838387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97175133,0.000066601904,0.02747609,0.000007222138,0.0004975046,0.000024720668,0.0000016860581,0.000020725236,0.00015409476],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985783,0.00069859356,0.0002389895,0.000095698844,0.00016543394,0.0002229849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883366,0.0005543977,0.00019464063,0.00007039082,0.0002619489,0.000084990366],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011747495,0.00006654336,0.00013022173,0.0003176736,0.00044594807,0.00017857387,0.00025590038,0.000033705055,0.000001941009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0040390277,0.000068408895,0.000035762692,0.00007504144,0.00002922102,0.00067506894,0.000014917634,0.0003835208,4.2750142e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00069107825,0.00040788949,0.019763138,0.001184561,0.00013481351,0.000008431338,0.44239873,0.019627757,0.036454897,0.009044927,0.00035924246,0.46992454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008034091,0.0053672707,0.46612525,0.003599026,0.00016899924,0.000047538906,0.117977925,0.028722063,0.003493285,0.0014942989,0.36374414,0.0012261256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035560734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004219848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4686984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011839926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018596725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4835385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2770572601","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v6n6p55","title":"Effects of Exploratory and Heuristic Multi-methods on System-oriented Curricula Based on Clinical Scenarios","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Graduate Education; Jinan University","keywords":"Curriculum; Mainland China; Problem-based learning; Exploratory research; Heuristic; Medical education; Computer science; Mathematics education; Medicine; Psychology; China; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence; Sociology","score_opus":0.04555550938123306,"score_gpt":0.4754599691011367,"score_spread":0.42990445971990365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2770572601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9368557,0.0011012149,0.01066344,0.006824764,0.033797737,0.00060212374,0.000007850585,0.000043490418,0.010103714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99249804,0.000044654145,0.005908599,0.0002571411,0.0009707568,0.000006723783,0.0000018083637,0.000007890351,0.0003043728],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980578,0.00082876976,0.00041933867,0.00012667075,0.00047169323,0.00009573277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972101,0.00089859666,0.0010286485,0.00012499152,0.000630931,0.0001067311],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020021247,0.00008123352,0.00017566961,0.00019035728,0.00023399008,0.00009223178,0.00035325132,0.00007974144,0.000026184627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016614019,0.00006870628,0.00009141969,0.000045679666,0.00015898401,0.00022628342,0.00002153162,0.00024467264,0.0000074578525],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017199134,0.006550105,0.4325777,0.0005029998,0.00051755446,0.00011618848,0.010682353,0.0007970577,0.0023638192,0.09642417,0.0073802294,0.4403679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044137663,0.0012723223,0.899653,0.0046367375,0.00016590355,0.000010101493,0.0017781988,0.0011071782,0.0012666305,0.00052335823,0.08480819,0.0003646122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012689344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004774187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46707532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014580834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00051029405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28017607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2779430334","doi":"10.5539/ies.v11n1p119","title":"Direct Problem-Based Learning (DPBL): A Framework for Integrating Direct Instruction and Problem-Based Learning Approach","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Teamwork; Mathematics education; Psychology; Teaching method; Critical thinking; Subject (documents); Cooperative learning; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.0633625205163976,"score_gpt":0.4103269847694599,"score_spread":0.34696446425306227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2779430334","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28391793,0.00693319,0.1837695,0.035209905,0.011933461,0.005881631,0.00004521065,0.001831371,0.4704778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8394565,0.00017516584,0.15555695,0.0001916883,0.0007276721,0.000865307,0.00004922537,0.00003263834,0.0029448485],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978915,0.00032446499,0.00039108348,0.0005502042,0.0004798121,0.00036296088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99664384,0.000878541,0.00074347376,0.00018358743,0.0014537917,0.00009676812],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001978983,0.0002448051,0.00031903197,0.0002744226,0.004224679,0.00071547984,0.0003938619,0.00015250628,0.00002965358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010889891,0.00023582608,0.00011833289,0.00017329963,0.00042281393,0.00059307716,0.00008544091,0.0005064643,0.000005755503],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003825771,0.0006068515,0.3117248,0.000766734,0.0007239557,0.0000014019132,0.054326605,0.014378293,0.0003273632,0.110450245,0.0018891762,0.50442195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025361103,0.000490521,0.009124334,0.002623443,0.00022880224,0.000004549546,0.046108417,0.013500775,0.00090186746,0.028359642,0.8946938,0.0014277314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013918394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025524554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8928046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031029413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007983264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2786994488","doi":"10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch127","title":"Enhanced Instructional Presentations and Field-Webs","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Presentation (obstetrics); Multimedia; Computer science; Perspective (graphical); Field (mathematics); The Internet; Sequence (biology); World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","score_opus":0.020369645756359123,"score_gpt":0.3015572582812152,"score_spread":0.2811876125248561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2786994488","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027869476,0.00021993891,0.00020454155,0.0005062115,0.0002768554,0.00024525152,0.000021977625,0.000101344194,0.99814516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.32713088,0.00009402265,0.0019094644,0.0015675074,0.001385638,0.000020539672,0.0000102452,0.000024761086,0.66785693],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989492,0.000042362517,0.00018148716,0.00027237355,0.00032729885,0.00022725455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947923,0.00008053153,0.00012037995,0.0001184169,0.000079660414,0.000121783974],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013737947,0.00016422811,0.00017742167,0.00004785234,0.0004660592,0.00010622269,0.00014639483,0.00032639495,0.0002437704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059576058,0.00017884515,0.000078532015,0.000018912691,0.00015235665,0.00007196672,0.0000382128,0.00025627052,0.000047123223],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011526156,0.0000018924535,0.000016214628,0.0000059821787,0.000018800383,0.00000402314,0.00044165322,0.0000011689449,0.0000069105877,0.89458543,0.0011108273,0.10379556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001790621,0.000060846778,0.000074342504,0.000062653366,0.00003150297,0.0000052921146,0.00009224291,0.0000013255053,0.00003361329,0.6359426,0.3632892,0.00022730762],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00060702517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013222586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3621784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007986667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040915454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7293094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2787236567","doi":"10.5539/hes.v8n1p36","title":"Challenges Facing the Shift from the Conventional to Problem-Based Learning Curriculum","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Globe; Adaptation (eye); Developing country; Quality (philosophy); Subject (documents); Medical education; Resource (disambiguation); Engineering ethics; Computer science; Political science; Sociology; Medicine; Psychology; Economic growth; Pedagogy; Engineering; Economics","score_opus":0.0954385545597611,"score_gpt":0.4002447013849592,"score_spread":0.30480614682519813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2787236567","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36063084,0.03597751,0.00033414474,0.50959754,0.0057937796,0.001210617,0.000005866951,0.00035233484,0.08609735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99051225,0.0001965702,0.0006205542,0.0028669897,0.001983071,0.00023073939,0.0000052692117,0.000009580794,0.0035749765],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844533,0.00056025985,0.00016218497,0.00024529762,0.00033675696,0.000250194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985907,0.0006224786,0.00011399066,0.00015330345,0.0004684188,0.000051117884],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011228713,0.000108656044,0.000114108756,0.000038488288,0.0024465017,0.00010688761,0.00026602627,0.000041032432,0.00046746025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022102514,0.0000643382,0.000052486186,0.00029983267,0.0003465761,0.00010810223,0.000061438426,0.00018440538,0.0003192888],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037262882,0.00032978217,0.2000167,0.00005978604,0.00038005042,5.464322e-7,0.35626638,0.00018932295,0.00007256055,0.26646015,0.12636289,0.049824562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000845495,0.000039750823,0.08056995,0.00009414786,0.000024426383,5.4297097e-8,0.052462235,0.0000023444402,0.00001675468,0.0036783947,0.86291933,0.000108073924],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002086001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017081592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7365564,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081643026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003347473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988522},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789925554","doi":"","title":"Introducing PBL in Engineering Education: Challenges Lecturers and Students Confront","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of engineering education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Popularity; Psychology; Focus group; Pedagogy; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.014155001225613893,"score_gpt":0.33986858749922183,"score_spread":0.3257135862736079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789925554","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96091515,0.0065133227,0.0016751505,0.01567418,0.011914019,0.00018579465,8.839076e-7,0.00002925775,0.0030922375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946421,0.0009764252,0.0025193798,0.000047118698,0.0016550361,0.0000068830127,0.0000011924309,0.000009791328,0.00014210578],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914145,0.000030096875,0.00023466814,0.00010892159,0.00035852374,0.00012632363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992264,0.000078712175,0.00023601414,0.00010015518,0.00028046969,0.00007826434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00088794436,0.00008029446,0.000110566696,0.00032052843,0.00010547574,0.00027329684,0.00048272315,0.000053382253,0.000019700165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013303659,0.00008619138,0.000031158772,0.000037369788,0.000024338593,0.0005317119,0.000038546666,0.00022507916,0.0000016597756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121955956,0.0009799168,0.1600465,0.00041727108,0.00046197156,0.000037809645,0.106122136,0.02922915,0.0049237767,0.06807689,0.0017131608,0.6278695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016259088,0.00015690799,0.765204,0.0036159614,0.000063025866,0.00017263174,0.011027107,0.0020140635,0.00077735254,0.0016285358,0.2129386,0.0007758659],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000405027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007745691,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6270936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026453522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059213705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35147825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790027885","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2018.03.006","title":"How does questioning influence nursing students' clinical reasoning in problem-based learning? A scoping review","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"CINAHL; Problem-based learning; Critical thinking; Explication; MEDLINE; Psychology; Promotion (chess); Medical education; Nursing; Medicine; Pedagogy; Psychological intervention; Epistemology","score_opus":0.047013467552832366,"score_gpt":0.4954500438161721,"score_spread":0.4484365762633397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2790027885","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003089533,0.98756623,0.00013382424,0.0020730516,0.0019249868,0.003939296,0.0000018729617,0.00023390564,0.0040959315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000767668,0.9898615,0.004103731,0.000377128,0.0013841472,0.00095803,0.000090839334,0.00008191919,0.0030659747],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.9896936,0.005922443,0.0015360136,0.0010881315,0.000956726,0.0008030948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99570227,0.0011354357,0.0018401371,0.0005159461,0.0004963196,0.0003098949],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009746314,0.0005378531,0.0017359059,0.0005243498,0.0010173854,0.0008008291,0.0010008956,0.000650863,0.00015324834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009209357,0.00046112566,0.00044499952,0.0017039657,0.0005520331,0.0007019962,0.000042375905,0.0017833215,0.00011410619],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000042141596,0.00034756892,0.0032693236,0.032869536,0.00002241244,0.0000021929495,0.0021903615,0.0000054979473,3.2569478e-8,0.00095434237,0.00096247095,0.95937204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009258239,0.00004369965,0.000053206855,0.5299392,0.00019966581,0.0000016485484,0.00045149855,0.000001857679,9.695314e-8,0.000089040084,0.46877542,0.00035210227],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057364616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041830222,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95901996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009939002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01333828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791134928","doi":"10.1177/1203475417752368","title":"Case-Based Learning in Dermatology","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"St Joseph's Health Centre; Toronto Western Hospital; University of Ottawa; Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Dermatology; MEDLINE","score_opus":0.04235726710754389,"score_gpt":0.32166815620271183,"score_spread":0.27931088909516794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791134928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801724,0.0011617471,0.00028128026,0.011066751,0.0004376143,0.00004444083,9.581784e-8,0.000016885635,0.006818761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99771357,0.0003375677,0.00016516485,0.0009687682,0.0006846267,3.9166937e-7,2.5986822e-7,0.0000060527414,0.00012362863],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985614,0.00047940365,0.00040949218,0.00007710388,0.0002330431,0.00023957061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974088,0.0019885362,0.00026898523,0.00004024975,0.00016562425,0.00012781392],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020419827,0.000069572605,0.00033002993,0.00040030523,0.00025846658,0.000014448744,0.000054835407,0.00008337352,0.00025014475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021229915,0.00005397428,0.00004629706,0.00028129338,0.0004056678,0.00008551203,0.0000066303833,0.0003266487,0.0000034206093],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005687474,0.00009649453,0.54071534,0.00013073375,0.000064278946,0.19325761,0.056092132,0.00009774842,0.00059536804,0.0009497407,0.025006719,0.1824251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010636532,0.00083451037,0.00072024984,0.0009132641,0.000074004165,0.14091124,0.017657101,0.00052946113,0.00016641807,0.0012678261,0.83554393,0.00031833156],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062508124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005991013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8105372,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003153079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043925844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27389094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793165269","doi":"10.3390/w10020227","title":"Experiential Learning through Role-Playing: Enhancing Stakeholder Collaboration in Water Safety Plans","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Stakeholder; Conceptualization; Business; Corporate governance; Stakeholder engagement; Knowledge management; Process (computing); Public relations; Psychology; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.02708612943189373,"score_gpt":0.30412441494378795,"score_spread":0.27703828551189424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2793165269","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9320306,0.0000212906,0.0011008857,0.0013281805,0.0005207587,0.00024083987,0.0000017627289,0.000120547345,0.0646351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948347,0.000007671197,0.0004049791,0.00021045984,0.00059179735,0.000023762499,0.000043385,0.000018468832,0.0038647596],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808574,0.00042863874,0.00026941404,0.00029009374,0.0002969862,0.00062915625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996672,0.00003434627,0.00003693738,0.00011090909,0.00009692692,0.000053641783],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011134541,0.00012374355,0.0001442169,0.00008215349,0.0010494026,0.00020107538,0.00014362078,0.00014183622,0.0020277784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057948924,0.00008613945,0.00003015105,0.00017361938,0.00015338541,0.00069436256,0.000054178116,0.0002355998,0.00039209687],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011964885,0.000027126913,0.010249001,0.000008969875,0.0000102989125,0.000008798957,0.849426,0.00017429823,0.13793382,0.0009201427,0.00011864272,0.001003279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006255761,0.00011517343,0.00026128575,0.000039025053,0.000008165782,0.0000010198142,0.06594467,0.0001251788,0.30584937,0.0005587641,0.62616074,0.00031100755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026721589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008989818,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7834813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011784095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007859418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801484112","doi":"10.5430/jnep.v8n10p11","title":"Problem-based Learning: Nursing students’ attitude, self-reported competence, tutorial performance and self-directed learning readiness","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bachelor; Competence (human resources); Problem-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; Nursing; Autodidacticism; Certainty; Medicine; Health care; Descriptive research; Mathematics","score_opus":0.04513338263249647,"score_gpt":0.418032118050814,"score_spread":0.37289873541831753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2801484112","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91174537,0.0010221605,0.00034937702,0.0076123457,0.004380156,0.0004309239,2.3626369e-7,0.0004409074,0.074018545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96207273,0.0007400309,0.03425372,0.00017753392,0.002014598,0.000004310331,0.0000030023473,0.000021642123,0.000712438],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99685293,0.0014355824,0.00048676654,0.00023140818,0.0006858316,0.000307467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962386,0.00089199666,0.0012202214,0.00008723496,0.0013311586,0.00023077197],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0045472425,0.00015914493,0.00024211536,0.00028624377,0.0022585825,0.00041564944,0.00017268657,0.00013391311,0.000036089776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002399964,0.00015536867,0.000039099443,0.0005904145,0.00028283984,0.0013584691,0.00001561423,0.0007559641,0.0000044268104],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018999842,0.008569949,0.17514426,0.00023191673,0.0004838251,0.00002110645,0.45660153,0.0002930531,0.0010052158,0.0015621226,0.007881432,0.3463056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020933237,0.0020179625,0.05710127,0.003142676,0.0010194633,0.0010579729,0.031343002,0.0022233538,0.00010060132,0.00029384202,0.8990152,0.00059133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010730439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000065159584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8911338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032731335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018568771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99904037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2803212583","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.003","title":"Corrigendum to “How does questioning influence nursing students' clinical reasoning in problem-based learning? A scoping review” [Nurse Educ. Today 65 (2018) 108–115]","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Nursing; Psychology; Nurse education; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.02747294227617179,"score_gpt":0.4240741692487153,"score_spread":0.3966012269725435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2803212583","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.015983887,0.07055523,0.0023906613,0.12196825,0.49629173,0.033333857,0.00008323249,0.0031430107,0.25625014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.025302952,0.01359231,0.026372287,0.012700075,0.030229216,0.0045901593,0.0018233024,0.00071490376,0.8846748],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98767686,0.004607325,0.0019368493,0.0020313624,0.0020562029,0.0016913784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99380964,0.00058371207,0.0019890466,0.0010461175,0.001687351,0.0008841187],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.010556992,0.0009144847,0.0014903281,0.0010438322,0.0019160593,0.0010907863,0.0017968406,0.0013446114,0.0007767378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.016836252,0.0008981886,0.00031863298,0.002886144,0.00080172194,0.0009928765,0.00008930129,0.0037487731,0.00035692856],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007563059,0.0010503662,0.039966326,0.0022324717,0.000042012987,0.000007981786,0.016707534,0.00008849508,0.000009891213,0.0006832776,0.8898161,0.049319897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052206055,0.00039254702,0.0075279013,0.34348544,0.00022182298,0.000004236062,0.006495676,0.000045398425,0.000013216349,0.0002842761,0.6395841,0.0014233037],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004352121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00421728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62842464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001960053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.020979345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807972316","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0317-038r","title":"Changes in Student Perceptions and Study Strategies Over Time in a Veterinary Clinical Pathology Course Using Case-Based Instruction","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Calgary General Hospital; University of Calgary; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Helpfulness; Likert scale; McNemar's test; Test (biology); Wilcoxon signed-rank test; Psychology; Medical education; Perception; Course evaluation; Medicine; Scale (ratio); Veterinary medicine; Curriculum; Higher education; Pedagogy; Social psychology","score_opus":0.1284812664256916,"score_gpt":0.5130626088104212,"score_spread":0.38458134238472963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2807972316","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975641,0.00009693749,0.000046066663,0.0010851535,0.0008921696,0.00021032222,5.2207366e-7,0.000007615362,0.0000971133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99812394,0.000088591834,0.00074448937,0.00018460021,0.0008336199,0.000007933087,8.612419e-7,0.000006931064,0.000009020171],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970257,0.0017511524,0.00050444,0.00015825847,0.00037644932,0.00018397342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991772,0.00019880224,0.00026112955,0.00007820725,0.00012329785,0.00016132847],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004327093,0.00008746922,0.00022651434,0.0002911483,0.00018298965,0.000050865598,0.00012244629,0.00015299066,0.00041833645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048296427,0.000081378865,0.000032884524,0.0002695514,0.00038736852,0.00032010922,0.000038149356,0.00042184957,0.0000023784448],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008267147,0.005633936,0.7146843,0.00005544367,0.00003792447,0.0049273935,0.0912621,0.000036646827,0.0013151148,0.0000704501,0.00012449376,0.18102549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019760525,0.007912542,0.8943355,0.0003207066,0.000037053407,0.0035181744,0.08961813,0.00088429154,5.56109e-7,0.000104203944,0.0011487299,0.00014403136],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00076233904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022951744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18088146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016064015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002296202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45804906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2808773520","doi":"10.5539/jel.v7n5p42","title":"Incorporating a Maple Project of Multi-Cultures Art in College Mathematics Teaching","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Creativity; Project-based learning; Teaching method; Maple; Diversity (politics); Computer science; Mathematics; Psychology; Sociology","score_opus":0.03292512317039736,"score_gpt":0.38147394427261405,"score_spread":0.3485488211022167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2808773520","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9664898,0.00032714946,0.0008427438,0.00083325646,0.00029557056,0.00017835459,4.517418e-7,0.000011995808,0.031020679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9600438,0.000026222568,0.037019994,0.000055326458,0.0003061501,0.0000019897152,6.3956776e-7,0.0000059256577,0.0025399711],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987542,0.00051500066,0.0003616108,0.00006687043,0.00018690912,0.00011542903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886453,0.00020664454,0.00063013466,0.00003574677,0.00021712884,0.000045830737],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0034565048,0.000058226433,0.00015483561,0.00024294078,0.00038844423,0.000044153418,0.00008952763,0.000055000593,0.00003867732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024442812,0.000049571372,0.000033099033,0.0002432641,0.00010263119,0.00024704105,0.000014852298,0.00047377538,0.0000023738212],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057598267,0.0008521546,0.103294276,0.0002271953,0.00004170394,0.0000051082975,0.79725456,0.00017308573,0.004940231,0.02531215,0.0039201984,0.06392173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012111407,0.0006850623,0.010311017,0.0016428098,0.000042415406,0.000070446,0.7349982,0.0022501838,0.00032428335,0.00193652,0.2462222,0.00030569537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034448988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035096327,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.242302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051559557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007473224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2987638},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810896866","doi":"10.5430/jnep.v8n12p1","title":"Implementing the process oriented guided-inquiry learning (POGIL) pedagogy of group scenario exercises in fundamentals and Medical Surgical II nursing courses","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Nursing; Psychology; Significant difference; Medicine; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.09471873434868408,"score_gpt":0.5222091929365427,"score_spread":0.4274904585878586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2810896866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94982326,0.003553129,0.00027369187,0.028884482,0.001180161,0.00017834915,2.8900385e-7,0.000011992375,0.016094664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99693555,0.0009956197,0.00088123034,0.00019626142,0.0008514497,0.00000216042,0.0000012461367,0.000008144845,0.0001283597],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99729764,0.0011916202,0.0005024809,0.00013760767,0.00059063354,0.00028000365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970974,0.0014179344,0.00082679006,0.000056877358,0.0004598172,0.00014122466],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008084132,0.000090001464,0.00019660954,0.00017863099,0.0015857836,0.0000953416,0.00013322072,0.00008773667,0.00011770733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004427745,0.00007021203,0.000031263942,0.00036488485,0.0007443535,0.00080777635,0.00002836164,0.00045276197,4.2182126e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041449576,0.001013227,0.01735257,0.000039422135,0.000025603027,0.0000071488203,0.4916044,0.000006071631,0.000122319,0.004686037,0.0011614873,0.48356724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009497077,0.00062655366,0.0053720847,0.0027772533,0.00016781334,0.0013179582,0.7432326,0.0001197297,0.00009735386,0.00101362,0.24415553,0.0001697895],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034707267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010468156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48339745,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013082629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013918072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W28751027","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.042","title":"AN INTERVENTION STRATEGY TO ASSIST ACADEMICALLY UNDER-PERFORMING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN A SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EDULEARN13 Proceedings","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","keywords":"Intervention (counseling); Mathematics education; Engineering education; Engineering; Engineering ethics; Pedagogy; Medical education; Engineering management; Psychology; Medicine","score_opus":0.017229676499095424,"score_gpt":0.2907932896940273,"score_spread":0.2735636131949319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W28751027","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938383,0.0000089556315,0.0014056889,0.0013321844,0.00008884064,0.000476954,8.768873e-7,0.00020306984,0.002645121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977835,0.0000065377576,0.0012063957,0.000109256194,0.00013194898,0.000017061458,0.000002054886,0.000022511718,0.0007207351],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815,0.0000836252,0.0002533282,0.00042129515,0.0005022384,0.0005894954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999287,0.000047485366,0.0001068233,0.00007247321,0.00013189421,0.00035432732],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012567578,0.00016771854,0.00019583035,0.00031045286,0.00033298254,0.00033390624,0.0006182425,0.00019889325,0.00014616155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022374095,0.00018836102,0.00006760248,0.0008509107,0.000048797592,0.0010390506,0.00012633571,0.0006439989,0.00010613202],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041810246,0.0013944465,0.41683793,0.00045135096,0.00021561401,0.000029651032,0.13222331,0.0062528513,0.037104696,0.33203354,0.00070998335,0.07232851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004839707,0.003309638,0.47204837,0.001621941,0.00013030872,0.000008985503,0.45026457,0.02386814,0.0013025807,0.014861282,0.024615927,0.003128527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023639896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028756232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31804127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045610973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010109908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.768114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889498964","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v11i3.409","title":"Developing Capability: Transforming Massage Therapy Education through Inquiry-based Learning","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork Research Education & Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Humber Polytechnic","funders":"","keywords":"Massage; Certification; Medical education; Health care; Medicine; Process (computing); Health professionals; Nursing; Psychology; Alternative medicine; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.18745647643649477,"score_gpt":0.5293891890321223,"score_spread":0.3419327125956275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889498964","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14795539,0.011722388,0.29616272,0.36032546,0.018732434,0.002625726,0.0000047901094,0.0002498058,0.1622213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9598022,0.0028470089,0.025927827,0.004403198,0.0053967424,0.00007009419,0.000013454929,0.000046291974,0.0014931523],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99080676,0.0043140277,0.00083245133,0.00037332458,0.0030483794,0.0006250816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98741275,0.0031069003,0.0008788695,0.00026803903,0.008121891,0.00021154952],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.017542938,0.00022128121,0.00026046985,0.00072106003,0.0014175909,0.00081332057,0.0012790762,0.00021572287,0.0010838656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00695215,0.00021212955,0.00018151592,0.0011519075,0.0006756091,0.0027347233,0.000054166205,0.0016396274,0.00008701232],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013591114,0.0011133008,0.0048151948,0.00002983934,0.00035473902,0.000011463675,0.08240611,0.00008223763,0.0019187309,0.0492319,0.0017545349,0.8569228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056088716,0.0003324833,0.0005997321,0.0003386484,0.000031916377,0.000034201006,0.054132387,0.000039261897,0.0013584692,0.015400338,0.92694265,0.00022905071],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017235364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012851319,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92518806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015133419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.018122911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998824},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890090961","doi":"10.5539/jel.v7n6p67","title":"The Impact of Project-Based Learning on Achievement and Student Views: The Case of AutoCAD Programming Course","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Qualitative property; Vocational education; Academic year; Test (biology); Psychology; Qualitative research; Descriptive statistics; Academic achievement; Data collection; Computer science; Pedagogy; Sociology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.036431196428183155,"score_gpt":0.43908625132314627,"score_spread":0.4026550548949631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890090961","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995587,0.0012619329,0.0000949439,0.0012729205,0.00015313264,0.00028835988,1.8831057e-7,0.0000068115746,0.0013347291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988012,0.00017731999,0.00037342668,0.000039455677,0.00024580673,0.000006940041,3.7167604e-7,0.0000072219486,0.0003482862],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979945,0.0011107455,0.00036850056,0.000090368136,0.000256222,0.00017969612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979258,0.0006569889,0.00090015715,0.00007363755,0.00037364976,0.000069762864],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005410941,0.00008944896,0.00016215217,0.00010465666,0.0013354925,0.00011987431,0.00012813462,0.000043026896,0.000018469904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00085484254,0.000048674905,0.000082272134,0.00025818305,0.00035166883,0.00011011233,0.000020114314,0.00053690845,5.402807e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017967292,0.00043568513,0.11412174,0.000044540015,0.00013216252,0.0000059558447,0.1438455,0.000775144,0.00029093225,0.0015561902,0.0005051632,0.7381073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015992593,0.009902396,0.14802031,0.0010758445,0.00025733627,0.00019715494,0.5360721,0.0015314568,0.00023498361,0.00013967199,0.30062705,0.00034243354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012047397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018865129,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7377649,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063196596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011057341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890353678","doi":"10.2147/amep.s167290","title":"Assessment of the implementation of problem-based learning model in Saudi medical colleges: a cross-sectional study","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Medical Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Cross-sectional study; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine; Pathology","score_opus":0.026856426167133223,"score_gpt":0.5092645997513464,"score_spread":0.4824081735842132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890353678","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9496474,0.0005874489,0.0033374454,0.010290095,0.00060403545,0.0010340635,0.0000020270634,0.000017743292,0.034479715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99495685,0.00033455502,0.0038440558,0.00063977763,0.00008019438,0.000072050905,0.0000026312005,0.0000039412716,0.000065916625],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99668777,0.0013835899,0.00045365168,0.00017846307,0.0011515577,0.00014499463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978774,0.0013799145,0.00034172743,0.00007683245,0.00023990407,0.000084184794],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008179468,0.00006037553,0.00011960052,0.00009938323,0.00023047552,0.000020656735,0.00018661482,0.00008750799,0.0006096452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008752773,0.00004867676,0.00001875496,0.0005674502,0.00044338207,0.0004914605,0.000038489932,0.0003886617,5.1563126e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044344015,0.0006427466,0.94681144,0.000040724946,0.0000048689863,4.1787436e-7,0.011111847,0.00045487453,0.0000055515957,0.0071926164,0.000018756074,0.033671815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025313299,0.0005012313,0.8728107,0.00029363568,0.000021297892,0.000004916255,0.0725738,0.011771621,0.00002388487,0.003055104,0.036242094,0.00017036874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031732987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010014751,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07400073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009184457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006022527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2892106565","doi":"10.1016/j.cptl.2018.09.001","title":"Student perceptions of an experiential education clinic within a pharmacy school","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Health Authority","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacy; Experiential learning; Experiential education; Pharmacy education; Medical education; Perception; Pharmacy practice; Pharmacy school; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Nursing","score_opus":0.04892006420384393,"score_gpt":0.47895469320031114,"score_spread":0.4300346289964672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2892106565","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98701936,0.0003064846,0.0001760851,0.00010534518,0.0012298201,0.00023445458,0.0000010713597,0.00010150275,0.010825891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966418,0.00013761052,0.0011370063,0.000101627236,0.00089505967,0.000032120282,0.000013282418,0.00001664776,0.0010248056],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959029,0.0027439347,0.00039084605,0.00033446,0.00032172166,0.00030613554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992362,0.00014380328,0.00021825,0.00010809523,0.00008350807,0.00021012484],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004160475,0.00013512936,0.00017300875,0.0002436514,0.0015466916,0.00012075747,0.000250639,0.00003784114,0.001166195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008747101,0.00014406267,0.000045466502,0.00022192212,0.000268258,0.00064832193,0.00007261909,0.0014398862,0.000039709954],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005689519,0.00044272657,0.40152225,0.000025050267,0.000013748699,6.480456e-7,0.27722922,0.000051412306,0.0010651739,0.0002059712,0.00015861163,0.3192283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006298087,0.00053666806,0.055342805,0.0010139351,0.00015554372,0.000009978235,0.46901643,0.010369405,0.0004884571,0.00032828012,0.4552934,0.0011470176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0040125083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001428718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45513478,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008133419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046484734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997532},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2892959400","doi":"10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2018.2.5","title":"Performance, Preference, and Perception in Experiential Learning Assessment","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Psychology; Perception; Presentation (obstetrics); Preference; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.05592966406509998,"score_gpt":0.34674200622240625,"score_spread":0.2908123421573063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2892959400","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99018115,0.00027237806,0.0002544809,0.0011584518,0.00024025122,0.00016803916,4.262417e-7,0.00001151811,0.007713286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99730724,0.0001011982,0.0006247327,0.00006675961,0.00038086902,0.000008039049,0.000001015719,0.000011023259,0.0014991298],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971798,0.0019133963,0.0001941431,0.0001280118,0.00020648481,0.00037816944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989961,0.00050917675,0.00015465893,0.000068415364,0.00009387784,0.00017780045],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014959108,0.000091673464,0.0001175186,0.00017716487,0.012224137,0.00048418998,0.0002398085,0.000083204366,0.00008201542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001601606,0.00006140147,0.000038644157,0.00012421659,0.0004627169,0.00038927386,0.000023004828,0.0027731303,0.0000013325972],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005317338,0.000006075348,0.46116626,0.000024517381,0.000029808905,0.000001206765,0.20009999,0.00081913697,0.00034618378,0.003935594,0.000043126034,0.33347493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010721004,0.0008776338,0.6265078,0.000586278,0.0000832499,0.000063551925,0.13696387,0.009685486,0.000017013823,0.0015850624,0.22217613,0.000381812],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02007968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036148086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33309314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011647616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005139465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2894592695","doi":"10.5430/jnep.v9n2p53","title":"Anatomy and physiology model making project: Assessing students’ perceptions, learning gains and academic outcomes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bachelor; Christian ministry; Ranking (information retrieval); Medical education; Test (biology); Psychology; Descriptive statistics; Data collection; Perception; Mathematics education; Medicine; Computer science; Biology; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Ecology; Statistics","score_opus":0.17011469452934824,"score_gpt":0.5667499729999301,"score_spread":0.3966352784705819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2894592695","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9734605,0.0013160573,0.0013755958,0.0128017245,0.00043869313,0.00011804226,1.988871e-7,0.000018363848,0.010470839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865737,0.0012704585,0.010553261,0.0008279726,0.00042947973,0.0000016190728,4.6674708e-7,0.00000834244,0.00033467813],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839354,0.000832396,0.00023333787,0.00013484323,0.00024107262,0.00016482636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984054,0.0006945032,0.0004950918,0.000041581494,0.0002847057,0.00007869218],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025614563,0.00008200344,0.00014761792,0.00019849616,0.0013896003,0.0002322908,0.00008474971,0.00010142385,0.000013257856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022652233,0.000074177384,0.000019797304,0.00016024987,0.00027808364,0.0014679709,0.000026582577,0.00057219854,9.2898136e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018900627,0.0004113311,0.09289009,0.00004841096,0.00006933793,0.0000015593463,0.4607707,0.000038301027,0.003042149,0.0036920565,0.0014096436,0.43743742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094050885,0.00046606257,0.2864216,0.0012344698,0.00041147758,0.0007654895,0.6345383,0.0025695206,0.000013848997,0.005264824,0.066939436,0.00043446547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005310669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000062652207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43700293,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009247101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000566389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999105},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895563190","doi":"10.3968/10447","title":"The Application of PBL in College English Teaching","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in literature and language","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Constructivism (international relations); Mathematics education; Class (philosophy); Foreign language teaching; College English; China; Teaching method; Foreign language; Pedagogy; Psychology; Computer science; Political science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.010896173229598955,"score_gpt":0.3572552361306695,"score_spread":0.34635906290107055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2895563190","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85203826,0.03715961,0.000015829477,0.0006762343,0.00030398605,0.00033315847,0.000009806504,0.000028044557,0.10943509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985698,0.00043963562,0.00014033477,0.00008524994,0.00031658495,0.000016205224,0.0000012643702,0.0000023105624,0.000428626],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994004,0.00020527779,0.00010294251,0.00009146922,0.00007669584,0.00012321258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955225,0.0002769313,0.000038081067,0.00006983692,0.000052087762,0.00001083159],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012604689,0.000042345288,0.000082992156,0.000045073157,0.00030949677,0.000021533888,0.000078269724,0.000041048155,0.0000017490706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00064520567,0.000028193064,0.000010837138,0.0002545885,0.00026699388,0.00007806339,0.000034013996,0.0001665752,3.6727198e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001537696,0.000009262003,0.008684802,0.000025106401,0.0000069504817,0.0000030395734,0.9066113,2.2350741e-7,0.0000831623,0.06782775,0.00034454343,0.016388474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005760375,0.00011014741,0.006826883,0.0004616213,0.000008282956,7.7541165e-7,0.5825442,0.000033389766,0.00018328436,0.0060671824,0.4030093,0.00017890034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037283468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059693125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40266475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019313145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016530286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33310166},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897351750","doi":"10.17483/2368-6669.1139","title":"Case studies in a flipped classroom: An approach to support nursing learning in pharmacology and pathophysiology.","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quality Advancement in Nursing Education - Avancées en formation infirmière","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Pathophysiology; Psychology; Medicine; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.09417188538177033,"score_gpt":0.48921684023061224,"score_spread":0.3950449548488419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2897351750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858809,0.00023429861,0.0016813112,0.0020685045,0.0010763565,0.00092096435,0.000002490548,0.00007668295,0.008058481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922234,0.00020980375,0.0062801302,0.00054956216,0.0002746814,0.0002189216,0.000051045798,0.0000132440855,0.0001792031],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964218,0.0017598503,0.00071409,0.0003905139,0.00022459976,0.0004891514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999068,0.00025635265,0.0002618734,0.00013373767,0.00016418895,0.00011584687],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029230122,0.00017782362,0.0003041417,0.0006564196,0.0004834848,0.000054076154,0.00013027986,0.00012985732,0.000033340828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004068891,0.00020536843,0.000022276237,0.0008236694,0.0003821351,0.001448042,0.000024262808,0.00036493348,0.000012598815],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019539209,0.0011888108,0.008964676,0.00017582023,0.000006489599,0.000006412861,0.61980855,0.0024788317,0.0008581864,0.012279818,0.00025014533,0.35378686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029454618,0.0011550286,0.011062379,0.0017840526,0.000035077464,0.00010440047,0.925732,0.0052067745,0.00049262156,0.022874651,0.027528519,0.0010790207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043000627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000821363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35270783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011895184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003440175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83746815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898265435","doi":"10.1007/s10278-018-0134-3","title":"Active Learning of the HL7 Medical Standard","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Digital Imaging","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Interoperability; Documentation; Software; Health care; Software engineering; Data science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.011766621861190799,"score_gpt":0.3188554484334552,"score_spread":0.3070888265722644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2898265435","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71181846,0.00030127313,0.003358722,0.009978207,0.0008873711,0.00009860727,0.00000417687,0.000026456604,0.27352676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99896175,0.000016603657,0.0001012662,0.00010341648,0.00050555886,1.5302837e-7,1.1099957e-7,0.0000061345795,0.0003050082],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99847794,0.00017047969,0.0002617503,0.00005903865,0.00084779673,0.00018301855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988658,0.00020786302,0.00040305036,0.00005253284,0.00037124768,0.00009951305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013349688,0.000054304728,0.00013577557,0.00006602041,0.00031481413,0.00012514627,0.00032291867,0.00003105101,0.00019360197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028077106,0.00003578146,0.000114419556,0.0002423793,0.0005465258,0.00077625987,0.00006769808,0.0003847106,0.0000051031584],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019340873,0.00005897222,0.27408955,0.000016972548,0.00008392617,0.0000358728,0.05175883,0.000022782362,0.00049912743,0.0032324223,0.0019843748,0.66802377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026044287,0.0008463188,0.016886624,0.0017184085,0.00011329245,0.00023673737,0.05950534,0.0005139751,0.0121100135,0.016069518,0.88887185,0.0005235145],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004214779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021752032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88688743,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006674842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00073872117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33612946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898359611","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184313","title":"Formative assessment of the communication skills related to drug delivery systems on standardized patients through group objective structured clinical encounters in second year medical students","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Formative assessment; Medicine; Experiential learning; Class (philosophy); Medical education; Communication skills; Family medicine; Psychology; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.020565052411867825,"score_gpt":0.46821391313142185,"score_spread":0.447648860719554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2898359611","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841146,0.00003434121,0.00013334597,0.0022907313,0.009670992,0.0004877041,0.000033944503,0.000007607177,0.0032267726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99606854,0.00031100702,0.0003200314,0.002678829,0.00054737896,0.000007845102,0.0000043555383,0.000009628425,0.00005236081],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99063474,0.004993912,0.0019826533,0.00020076292,0.0019566386,0.00023129574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934132,0.0034009172,0.001536651,0.00014079017,0.0013458862,0.00016256151],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011429947,0.00012507683,0.000481932,0.00015984956,0.00015410577,0.000047997597,0.001844112,0.00021959425,0.0006792047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019949477,0.00009123549,0.00025348042,0.00025724873,0.0007213034,0.00033087068,0.000332287,0.0012537747,0.000010299396],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026910806,0.0027500738,0.9292097,0.0000145589875,0.0013712031,0.000023934184,0.026333958,0.00014125877,0.000042841868,0.0021778662,0.018197699,0.017045794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.018590465,0.0024575691,0.9347039,0.00096784136,0.00013374082,0.00000694943,0.0060190293,0.0002854465,0.00013187058,0.0028463115,0.03357692,0.00027998086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022172878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065684743,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02031493,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005249626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009372806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74368155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900321378","doi":"10.25282/ted.434069","title":"İntern Hekimlere Yönelik “I. Basamakta Hasta-Hekim İlişkisi” Dersinde Jigsaw Tekniğinin Kullanımı","year":2018,"lang":"tr","type":"article","venue":"Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gynecology; Medicine; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03958373624091986,"score_gpt":0.33108498012693816,"score_spread":0.2915012438860183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900321378","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13498238,0.0038000147,0.0019906594,0.024209356,0.0070182546,0.0022642554,0.00046998405,0.0015544806,0.8237106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9545694,0.00048147357,0.0025076447,0.0047128815,0.005984692,0.000059918344,0.00008621398,0.00020483378,0.031392954],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9909252,0.0012215552,0.0012738312,0.0018563449,0.0017759724,0.0029470995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956929,0.0006773521,0.00074676954,0.0011303374,0.00069676194,0.0010558912],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031167257,0.0010930799,0.0011513246,0.0005240683,0.0030624864,0.0011034488,0.0020290643,0.0010700292,0.023345973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006841106,0.0011379429,0.0006135074,0.0017744324,0.0023011214,0.0010112398,0.00063477264,0.0015531967,0.012321251],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017075588,0.0018417718,0.03570101,0.00089361327,0.0013481976,0.00063214323,0.15459564,0.00011697709,0.0022978007,0.040230654,0.5717225,0.1889121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003285664,0.0016956885,0.0035140498,0.0010119859,0.0003746199,0.00006600018,0.017628813,0.0021599417,0.0017686639,0.0035018697,0.96250737,0.0024853558],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009223617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0048656496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.819587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005176321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014156939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900450301","doi":"10.1186/s12909-019-1673-0","title":"Is hybrid-PBL advancing teaching in biomedicine? A systematic review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BMC Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McMaster University Medical Centre","funders":"Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; McMaster University","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Biomedicine; Medical education; Higher education; Medicine; Psychology; Mathematics education; Bioinformatics; Political science","score_opus":0.06649513043917675,"score_gpt":0.4756198052396914,"score_spread":0.4091246748005146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900450301","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[6.4260666e-7,0.98703945,0.00022701231,0.0012211408,0.0013139826,0.0032784536,0.0000025045713,0.00006141436,0.0068554273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000004632859,0.99306506,0.00042023213,0.0029485913,0.0006812146,0.00058428507,0.000108807326,0.000034088305,0.0021530825],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.99254733,0.0038743115,0.001357786,0.00048520166,0.0012489337,0.00048643956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961352,0.0021562385,0.0008390373,0.00044503852,0.000055572575,0.00036895482],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.012514259,0.0002987938,0.0021962256,0.00042456252,0.00021312159,0.00005053884,0.00069777947,0.00031511995,0.00092052703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.035183154,0.00022746244,0.00032619198,0.00073629536,0.000095485484,0.00017480522,0.00006020157,0.0010573599,0.00044705384],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[2.3263529e-7,0.00004402732,0.000007291543,0.7026191,0.0000104892015,0.0000012935941,0.0010157551,1.2968295e-8,2.2424615e-9,0.0003499674,0.006158409,0.28979343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003650787,0.000007409793,1.6960831e-7,0.51107174,0.00035969113,0.0000073914557,0.00038445645,0.0000059983204,2.5902351e-9,0.000032076066,0.48796174,0.00013283707],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013663359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005933371,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48180333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006774446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.021467688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999928},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900654992","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.11.006","title":"Effectiveness of a training program based on maker education for baccalaureate nursing students: A quasi-experimental study","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Nursing Sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Chinese Medical Association","keywords":"Training (meteorology); Psychology; Medical education; Nursing; Medicine","score_opus":0.07309285514174263,"score_gpt":0.5081180515568453,"score_spread":0.4350251964151027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900654992","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98464006,0.000084095926,0.003659737,0.0007734671,0.0030409917,0.0007091462,0.0000019609517,0.000020871445,0.007069664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993138,0.0000012614673,0.006236148,0.00004868307,0.00052684644,0.00002353331,9.0392473e-7,0.000007067027,0.000017518292],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974248,0.0005374037,0.00034111802,0.00018890425,0.0012938217,0.00021397938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998182,0.0004863403,0.0004357968,0.000055731412,0.00076621806,0.00007393093],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004365028,0.000097407334,0.0001823762,0.00041195797,0.0004614279,0.00024375308,0.00067392905,0.000039950268,0.000025527122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044894675,0.00008256797,0.00010440696,0.00035484147,0.00080670085,0.00039447917,0.000008124297,0.00010520637,0.0000010595514],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0028443774,0.04649236,0.03984213,0.000022986897,0.00021808097,0.0000073199494,0.1784097,0.0006612287,0.004005648,0.012382326,0.00022478368,0.71488905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.014305804,0.12976067,0.1429857,0.032328006,0.0004520869,0.0001040168,0.60659415,0.010539838,0.02864945,0.029562788,0.003350944,0.0013665766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000071305156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008657657,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7135225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039551867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011015935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3548977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2907770258","doi":"10.3917/rdid.013.0067","title":"L'enseignement par projets et les savoirs disciplinaires en classe de sciences et technologies au Québec : compatibilité ou incompatibilité ? Étude de cas","year":2012,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Recherches en didactiques","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.11856124361041293,"score_gpt":0.41780008174708144,"score_spread":0.2992388381366685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2907770258","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89931875,0.012042123,0.00097067957,0.072043,0.0002613972,0.00084996375,0.000019046025,0.000793371,0.013701691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9615162,0.0026930505,0.034242973,0.00034836476,0.0002710566,0.00020327285,0.000009172591,0.00005715024,0.00065877574],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9852605,0.010688947,0.0007228856,0.0007978052,0.000699176,0.0018306724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9914181,0.0071551837,0.0004555482,0.0005163374,0.00014140253,0.00031338132],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02296406,0.00059647934,0.00065589475,0.0002896723,0.0014570511,0.00029661457,0.0010932442,0.0011343063,0.000057545894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0053147124,0.0005317189,0.00026240744,0.0009809128,0.0023692695,0.0014614403,0.00056377944,0.001958852,0.00003575302],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041062056,0.00055766036,0.48076,0.00032790873,0.000087586,0.000005882124,0.404386,0.00013623683,0.0008043809,0.02230908,0.00023532062,0.090348855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048931764,0.0009927443,0.6977569,0.0015635841,0.00022995636,0.000037012156,0.21575311,0.0006434539,0.02805868,0.030273352,0.022704331,0.0014975492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5431151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5291353,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21699691,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006654626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009220944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2909019919","doi":"10.1177/2373379918819533","title":"Navigating the Complexities of Evaluating Team-Based Learning in the Graduate Classroom","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pedagogy in Health Promotion","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Team-based learning; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Medical education; Public health; Group work; Perception; Work (physics); Pedagogy; Medicine; Nursing; Engineering","score_opus":0.20307013077384137,"score_gpt":0.5059570536939797,"score_spread":0.3028869229201383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2909019919","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96885854,0.000190058,0.0001798981,0.026251737,0.00014968005,0.001253626,0.000001010992,0.00004106698,0.00307437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99883085,0.000029118824,0.00051860634,0.00036884012,0.00009485437,0.00007214976,0.000011417714,0.000009787951,0.00006438666],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99242073,0.0057624993,0.0005539131,0.00020452833,0.00059579057,0.0004625446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979917,0.0012790443,0.0004585177,0.00015536346,0.00008587186,0.00002949537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.018916948,0.0000970184,0.00020283123,0.0000648671,0.0006412805,0.000040138188,0.00027991363,0.00007060208,0.00007784958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009492042,0.00006834787,0.00004326416,0.00055372925,0.00014918216,0.00014147416,0.000025008714,0.0011880634,0.0000159478],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003748428,0.00015804575,0.4989689,0.0006451358,0.0000046035093,9.435132e-7,0.34639847,0.020995416,0.00016931136,0.010569681,0.00002371514,0.12202829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036136168,0.003908989,0.33162516,0.0054149954,0.000020562553,0.000005895065,0.4362378,0.1839358,0.00016981308,0.028402688,0.005970594,0.0006940693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02680771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00703771,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16734374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017338879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010051518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97967285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2909548101","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.13032","title":"Use of a roleplaying exercise to illustrate design stakeholder roles in a first-year design course","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Stakeholder; Sustainability; Medical education; Process (computing); Course (navigation); Mathematics education; Psychology; Engineering; Management; Sociology; Pedagogy; Political science; Public relations; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.049196271026662804,"score_gpt":0.2584825206911887,"score_spread":0.20928624966452591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2909548101","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9648747,0.00025135168,0.002520606,0.019624924,0.002095349,0.004301509,0.000046045705,0.00022950463,0.0060560526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98940825,0.000015842217,0.009318551,0.00011759968,0.00012153651,0.00006590248,0.0000010019754,0.000021894803,0.0009293969],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987726,0.000037769867,0.00027456126,0.00017610982,0.00035431175,0.0003845972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855345,0.00016122605,0.00029376158,0.000077998615,0.0007087401,0.00020482353],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018612924,0.000114215254,0.00016767072,0.00036316417,0.00029057288,0.0001307388,0.0002871024,0.00014872765,0.000039169678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002491234,0.00012119197,0.000043851247,0.0010156881,0.00004087146,0.0003814331,0.000017010389,0.00016368071,0.000007967172],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012647577,0.00037448457,0.57673025,0.00045399528,0.00020341239,5.4944616e-7,0.20502694,0.08169354,0.007741931,0.028801,0.088253476,0.0105939405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022818365,0.000582208,0.70842695,0.00764311,0.00053928135,0.000003484417,0.047157917,0.02910552,0.041629743,0.0036862236,0.15577377,0.0031699385],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04557551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05606234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15786903,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012787316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017863378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96116203},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913541543","doi":"","title":"Student learning during a project based unit in a secondary classroom","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2018 Conference of the Canadian Society for the Study of Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley","funders":"","keywords":"Student engagement; Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Unit (ring theory); Pedagogy; Project-based learning; Psychology; Student teacher; Teacher education","score_opus":0.04937731454954637,"score_gpt":0.34060682238502016,"score_spread":0.2912295078354738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2913541543","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870454,0.00006176637,0.000019664158,0.0019637148,0.00043056102,0.0017837924,0.000008005113,0.000009914004,0.008677176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99774325,0.000007881395,0.00015821321,0.0001106553,0.00014128885,0.00013527842,0.0000025637478,0.000009275221,0.0016916086],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987604,0.00028330935,0.00023061536,0.00016885117,0.00026594906,0.00029089226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889266,0.00020002741,0.00024081772,0.00023732816,0.00036812067,0.000061017912],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014990917,0.00009218571,0.00014122175,0.000085688946,0.0014331811,0.00005888922,0.0005811891,0.000074547665,0.00008910283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029104218,0.00006899768,0.00012845088,0.0005183814,0.00039167528,0.00010253076,0.000036282294,0.000245221,0.0000014097363],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055221055,0.00048408803,0.31004724,0.00012671498,0.00016835146,8.034011e-8,0.6654077,0.00007786945,0.0003651406,0.002870572,0.0029825915,0.017414404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010855908,0.0004414202,0.34522074,0.00019924942,0.000092536124,2.135112e-7,0.6183508,0.00040800337,0.00022193935,0.00038736072,0.033390246,0.0002018694],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.443259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.87076247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42750347,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026471456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008896293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2916905418","doi":"10.1108/ijilt-12-2017-0123","title":"Technology in problem-based learning: helpful or hindrance?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Information and Learning Technology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Whiteboard; Likert scale; Mathematics education; Active learning (machine learning); Problem-based learning; Class (philosophy); Originality; Psychology; Teaching method; Cooperative learning; Scale (ratio); Computer science; Pedagogy; Multimedia; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.0072850903000128055,"score_gpt":0.28575275717879306,"score_spread":0.2784676668787803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2916905418","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92826027,0.00031809785,0.005596058,0.049765978,0.00070898037,0.0003534877,0.0000010126514,0.000284556,0.014711565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934003,0.00023055496,0.00544742,0.00024255803,0.00005011835,0.000006229738,0.0000035567439,0.0000064406117,0.00061287475],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998584,0.00014848079,0.000556556,0.00008946334,0.0003904196,0.00023112049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849725,0.00015224855,0.000672818,0.00005943682,0.0005740497,0.000044186334],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001581536,0.000099559125,0.00020293161,0.0022690077,0.00015696869,0.00010072886,0.00045511193,0.00028777408,0.00032650045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019153452,0.000086473025,0.000041276995,0.00075297884,0.00016842423,0.00083724956,0.00006263563,0.0012997534,0.00007407454],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050586165,0.000067050285,0.41519666,0.00004446239,0.00006588594,0.000045609064,0.008702837,0.012747805,0.0004310985,0.065445796,0.00014468047,0.49660227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025535836,0.0006810922,0.0021224855,0.0003338848,0.0000073061874,0.00012378106,0.01380751,0.0021198138,0.00032517378,0.0049147992,0.9727938,0.00021677332],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008503818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050654322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9726491,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015082254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044415006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5646854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2929019551","doi":"10.55016/ojs/pplt.v3y2019.53144","title":"The Role of Authentic Assessment Tasks in Problem-Based Learning","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Papers on postsecondary learning and teaching.","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Computer science; Psychology; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.0040783985290612345,"score_gpt":0.27297447333649705,"score_spread":0.2688960748074358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2929019551","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63286024,0.0005452901,0.000006542941,0.0007423803,0.00008695484,0.00032122352,0.0000010086185,0.00008615808,0.3653502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951848,0.00007348861,0.00032949544,0.00010783008,0.000034050427,0.00001870133,0.000009313566,0.000024052164,0.0042182724],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99669874,0.0017676068,0.00031369177,0.0003404135,0.00040213426,0.00047739083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981654,0.0013236409,0.00024503135,0.00013732187,0.00003341995,0.00009516234],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004455288,0.00017302325,0.00024417092,0.00016808283,0.0013475703,0.00013971917,0.00021895683,0.00011937762,0.00029665764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004675767,0.00013871475,0.00008391355,0.00013716643,0.00018142517,0.00011855646,0.00004750237,0.0018566103,0.000025893065],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009250887,0.00008300517,0.60097384,0.000055870114,0.000032003547,0.0000031183315,0.018261893,0.0022510707,0.00272085,0.034556918,0.000008538894,0.3409604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015624686,0.0011629229,0.059862774,0.00044767873,0.000027349408,0.00000202261,0.035311658,0.004187042,0.00012502182,0.0013648797,0.8954379,0.00050829153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014213121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030377737,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8954294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009428155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032164337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2933851380","doi":"10.26685/urncst.136","title":"Scinapse Undergraduate Science Case Competition: Cultivating the Minds of Future Researchers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Premise; Competition (biology); Bridging (networking); Undergraduate research; Undergraduate student; Undergraduate education; Engineering ethics; Sociology; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Psychology; Engineering; Computer science; Medical education; Epistemology; Ecology","score_opus":0.07928385611038999,"score_gpt":0.45909209816097646,"score_spread":0.3798082420505865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2933851380","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8338969,0.0014451018,0.000007302761,0.15940578,0.0003196411,0.0003851638,0.0000010350558,0.00002497795,0.0045141294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946049,0.004202057,0.00044185016,0.000105193714,0.00018093931,0.000005469497,2.8008992e-7,0.0000066794178,0.0004526459],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99379843,0.0011362928,0.00064028235,0.0006569247,0.0023903186,0.0013777487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952748,0.0019030459,0.00026427227,0.00031164373,0.0017394132,0.000506827],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.047345135,0.0001558078,0.0003211974,0.0014741948,0.00508403,0.00057704025,0.0013759634,0.0002464721,0.000035311212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00746519,0.00009733353,0.00006246415,0.0096220765,0.02357742,0.0010695267,0.000752445,0.0041139396,0.000013134806],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001497074,0.00021298138,0.16837704,0.00006676706,0.000037109956,0.00064085843,0.0017337936,0.00001075811,0.004745762,0.54814637,0.00036386366,0.27551502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006247949,0.0040843566,0.030311747,0.0016763113,0.00004498227,0.0057189525,0.17779589,0.009779574,0.0014691504,0.7152135,0.04643765,0.0012199811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007264756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009599233,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27429503,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032828888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0034543637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2937170098","doi":"10.5539/elt.v12n5p73","title":"Problem Based Learning: A Student-Centered Approach","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Teaching method; Critical thinking; Lifelong learning; Curriculum; Pedagogy; Cooperative learning; Experiential learning; Foreign language; Active learning (machine learning); Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.011211166368123663,"score_gpt":0.29543132580156506,"score_spread":0.2842201594334414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2937170098","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54891014,0.00020045387,0.0010639416,0.000087106506,0.00025883992,0.0005075344,0.0000014577271,0.0006422254,0.4483283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98306197,0.000003329782,0.007704661,0.00021100623,0.00053190626,0.000031897223,0.000039730625,0.000038569502,0.00837691],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99684054,0.0013413152,0.00022872676,0.00041936204,0.0005768687,0.0005931855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991795,0.00023000619,0.00014224162,0.00025784964,0.000045384008,0.00014501397],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00344709,0.00018266031,0.00023091128,0.00015386868,0.000667031,0.0002901662,0.00047586765,0.000135768,0.0006147109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007918825,0.00017926504,0.000117649775,0.00023341493,0.00005436589,0.0003750317,0.000081815015,0.0011487544,0.00011893394],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000249648,0.0002226199,0.08170678,0.00008073899,0.000032342952,0.000013655947,0.8892005,0.0015667846,0.00077728217,0.0072110235,0.00026285893,0.018900448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025168639,0.00021609127,0.0008576455,0.00020952878,0.000044759363,0.0000013914643,0.6124048,0.0019237592,0.00014621936,0.00006119291,0.38075936,0.00085834716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012361673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007686891,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43995136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014095902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015976357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73102164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2937710488","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-11434-3_37","title":"Assessment in Problem-Based Learning Using Mobile Technologies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Rubric; Peer assessment; Problem-based learning; Computer science; Presentation (obstetrics); Multimedia; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.02464831688100318,"score_gpt":0.335912318934081,"score_spread":0.31126400205307786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2937710488","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006380161,0.11386227,0.045933254,0.000095811105,0.0020863994,0.004764884,0.000006691052,0.00073799497,0.82613254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97320664,0.006131303,0.0047652014,0.00002080272,0.000176138,0.000043397635,0.000012275042,0.00007146256,0.015572796],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974765,0.0002066299,0.00075692986,0.00061498577,0.00041393755,0.00053097913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985682,0.0005263938,0.00059224176,0.00018923498,0.000081458405,0.00004250238],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019588193,0.00033586973,0.00063553284,0.00055018323,0.00035101175,0.00016369813,0.00030319314,0.00041479638,0.000021630134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000064305255,0.00034307345,0.00007723041,0.0001832869,0.00019970872,0.00022320388,0.00015200008,0.0012491246,0.000010071519],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010694739,0.000026795553,0.03206684,0.00093348464,0.000018858467,0.00003282794,0.002189651,0.58777577,0.000011545253,0.20559676,0.000003256734,0.17133349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045752912,0.00028743758,0.000048763806,0.0133552,0.000026944566,0.000006963155,0.014849008,0.10587245,0.000016558628,0.0065089664,0.85740054,0.001169633],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014074176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005963379,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96682644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005296856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045149765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999021},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2941284420","doi":"10.5325/korelangamer.22.2.0190","title":"Into the <i>Dragons' Den</i>: Practicing KFL Business Communication Skills Through Project-Based Learning","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Korean Language in America","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Presentation (obstetrics); Product (mathematics); Project-based learning; Promotion (chess); Action (physics); Service (business); Computer science; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; Pedagogy; Psychology; Engineering; Business; Marketing; Political science","score_opus":0.014036199028449632,"score_gpt":0.3384892297086816,"score_spread":0.32445303068023196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2941284420","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.58308566,0.0035206215,0.009388328,0.054081097,0.00047545554,0.0026184192,0.00000453125,0.0008373584,0.3459885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907433,0.00025746174,0.005517692,0.002331812,0.00032920568,0.00007025999,0.000015436039,0.000028010516,0.0007068494],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963706,0.0023224421,0.00025908716,0.00023688564,0.00037326937,0.0004376871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971938,0.0017083078,0.00032098574,0.00058841106,0.00015651641,0.00003196529],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024051256,0.00015559321,0.00018130463,0.00007870662,0.0018767861,0.00018618304,0.0008683809,0.00007330961,0.00014622364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027340432,0.000097512304,0.000052632793,0.0017057306,0.0013367365,0.00033011,0.00013885491,0.0006337694,0.00009857941],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006618743,0.00011357103,0.002444873,0.00001746532,0.000024208417,0.000009995473,0.85556597,0.00034268847,0.00078890665,0.0013731619,0.0015278829,0.13772509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007499531,0.0001877753,0.004017804,0.00037601258,0.00008783114,0.0000073549218,0.2662138,0.0015280716,0.0012332875,0.00086669874,0.7241571,0.00057432544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.105616115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0083417315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7226292,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012113138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004198114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943185977","doi":"10.26576/profesi.284","title":"Perencanaan pembelajaran skills lab di STIKES PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta","year":2019,"lang":"id","type":"article","venue":"Profesi (Profesional Islam) Media Publikasi Penelitian","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Encana (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Humanities; Nursing science; Pedagogy; Nursing; Medicine; Philosophy","score_opus":0.018392443482786652,"score_gpt":0.284624869528063,"score_spread":0.2662324260452763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2943185977","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8350116,0.0042251893,0.000030455885,0.021659648,0.015552622,0.00466984,0.00041953605,0.0007263982,0.11770469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87307423,0.001480264,0.0005202759,0.002049401,0.0033427924,0.0003485334,0.00097215315,0.0002812299,0.11793111],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.980723,0.00509861,0.0023315104,0.002885443,0.0045266664,0.004434749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9879177,0.005318599,0.0013937411,0.001866658,0.0016566219,0.0018466435],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008226588,0.0017533156,0.0020739117,0.0011715948,0.0029047297,0.0012191667,0.0035278625,0.0018633287,0.036415048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0039038935,0.0017062107,0.00096997863,0.0029036815,0.0013622943,0.0033148834,0.0011516482,0.0037930075,0.011575636],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012374519,0.0033137498,0.5073863,0.0025551424,0.001154516,0.00047673468,0.28932026,0.00004179112,0.0023515823,0.0925523,0.038192354,0.06141781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009414201,0.001562014,0.4895512,0.0042807315,0.00072414876,0.00008209653,0.13574167,0.0005725796,0.0012747301,0.011316572,0.33866298,0.0068170847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0066460846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011431011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30047065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00088334456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0076323817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996877},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2947711115","doi":"10.55016/ojs/pplt.v3y2019.53141","title":"Problem-Based Learning, Assessment Literacy, Mathematics Knowledge, and Competencies in Teacher Education","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Papers on postsecondary learning and teaching.","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Literacy; Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology","score_opus":0.006520460206505829,"score_gpt":0.31214696020345556,"score_spread":0.30562649999694974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2947711115","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60819644,0.0007626158,0.000019911062,0.00056881737,0.000100943354,0.00034784435,5.9382535e-7,0.00012905666,0.38987374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9713658,0.000115352865,0.0048847822,0.00022961583,0.00006916973,0.000032229236,0.000025631609,0.000031808082,0.023245623],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99739325,0.0012109387,0.00029666172,0.00043661002,0.0002595327,0.00040298345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988301,0.0006647046,0.00018948961,0.00011756707,0.000052201616,0.00014598087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027513222,0.00022987607,0.00029402046,0.00029533106,0.0008842669,0.0002658826,0.00013120433,0.00014627997,0.0006182538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035190745,0.00022066526,0.000052454205,0.00013082285,0.00013896059,0.0002541499,0.00005255877,0.0017761616,0.00005508533],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024339839,0.0003862707,0.49517184,0.00024990278,0.000014701128,0.0000020625,0.05430261,0.00019920107,0.00055943377,0.017885849,0.000047917325,0.43115586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011740128,0.00076425116,0.07400321,0.00088650425,0.000026785201,0.0000063442267,0.022883357,0.0034598145,0.000010558867,0.00064776815,0.89552397,0.0006134227],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008867565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025744442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89547604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013757683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005869916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8998468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2949591176","doi":"10.18260/1-2--30078","title":"Board 64: ROS as an Undergraduate Project-based Learning Enabler","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Enabling; Computer science; Robotics; Robot; Service (business); Project-based learning; Artificial intelligence; Robotic arm; Engineering management; Engineering","score_opus":0.04700172924886352,"score_gpt":0.3327947749684232,"score_spread":0.28579304571955966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2949591176","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07721079,0.00010960485,0.007447352,0.051981784,0.00022911705,0.0010450706,0.0000022630811,0.0020951207,0.8598789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9790102,0.00002529877,0.00305203,0.0055235787,0.00035029705,0.00002902504,0.000014362241,0.000030542873,0.0119646285],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99765164,0.00071014446,0.00019761888,0.00041381977,0.00048442424,0.0005423408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992633,0.0001359228,0.00009423042,0.00012779428,0.00008903974,0.00028975433],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008048327,0.00015760382,0.00018115259,0.000077644305,0.0009289731,0.0002709393,0.0003087586,0.00012394313,0.001225016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059415115,0.00014607946,0.00008299328,0.0006532262,0.00012635968,0.00043907098,0.000041373998,0.00042280453,0.0005606331],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010177331,0.0006526999,0.097399816,0.00042591259,0.0002390985,0.00027328884,0.20948741,0.012697492,0.013691462,0.3508612,0.14606623,0.16718766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006138,0.0004992316,0.000141541,0.000019611156,0.000019665204,3.927547e-7,0.008126244,0.004818607,0.0011702026,0.0010148643,0.983195,0.00038081582],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010769832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00086759205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90179944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006353989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009579954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999688},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2949645988","doi":"10.5539/jel.v8n4p43","title":"Physiotherapy Students’ Perceptions of Team-Based Learning Using the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Team-based learning; Medical education; Curriculum; Accountability; Teaching method; Perception; Preference; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.01804604179486787,"score_gpt":0.4236218353861019,"score_spread":0.405575793591234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2949645988","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99167746,0.00040915146,0.0033211065,0.00069812394,0.00048704294,0.00032547422,2.1487868e-7,0.000028878456,0.0030525217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939254,0.00014139048,0.003318547,0.00025968772,0.0003753493,0.0000067654755,0.000003355673,0.000027666529,0.0019418702],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957642,0.002151425,0.00056887727,0.00021059033,0.0009900437,0.00031486808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99743944,0.0006287325,0.0011674592,0.00012864704,0.0004939331,0.00014178063],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004767958,0.00017941375,0.00034484983,0.00033403846,0.0014624775,0.0002739395,0.00037342645,0.00010503128,0.00066778256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041108008,0.00014235517,0.00018757982,0.0004773718,0.00015441312,0.00032013882,0.000035356607,0.001594307,0.0000071706836],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038210048,0.0003266098,0.827194,0.000043988344,0.00005559656,3.481124e-7,0.026923483,0.12801823,0.007291117,0.00015336335,0.00006549172,0.009889597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026257508,0.0014854891,0.53729606,0.0010859756,0.00019445216,0.000010518418,0.32160643,0.012434196,0.00017026022,0.000060025905,0.12250278,0.000528072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004569732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021513522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29468295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027280874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018638497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2952698797","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v8n3p206","title":"Learning Styles in Problem-based Learning Environments Impacts on Student Achievement and Professional Preparation in University Level Physical Therapy Courses","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Learning styles; Class (philosophy); Style (visual arts); Mathematics education; Matching (statistics); Psychology; Cognitive style; Academic achievement; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Medicine; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Cognition","score_opus":0.020755151710410095,"score_gpt":0.3707954374193393,"score_spread":0.3500402857089292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2952698797","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995343,0.000081956794,0.000013110323,0.0025021944,0.00040308683,0.00022118354,6.841206e-7,0.0000051293355,0.0014296535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99650043,0.0001253263,0.00014946227,0.00011292045,0.00017259922,0.0000030490983,0.000008565957,0.000006190572,0.0029214767],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99847144,0.00047557213,0.00019739321,0.00013259758,0.0005957607,0.00012725101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993554,0.00016333557,0.0003175,0.000033601264,0.00008007149,0.00005012095],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007450797,0.00008273414,0.000112636066,0.0002998476,0.00008885148,0.000051960906,0.00016689172,0.000048693168,0.00008629299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028138102,0.000076450044,0.00003426215,0.00011046936,0.000036588473,0.00038302413,0.000019526604,0.00036468377,0.000007919337],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048712027,0.0013963076,0.9478103,0.000005822209,0.000030889627,0.000004262327,0.016187834,0.01603271,0.0023003328,0.0035340702,0.000046258363,0.012164123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013783331,0.0004396947,0.9639552,0.00025698304,0.000004213406,6.7327034e-7,0.004444827,0.00009647307,0.0001805004,0.00020615163,0.028940778,0.00009617896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024334817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000060846174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02889452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005163848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004991241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31175423},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955519981","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-9232-7.ch005","title":"Instructors' Professional Learning and Implementation of Problem-Based Learning in Higher Education","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in higher education and professional development book series","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Creativity; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Critical thinking; Psychology; Problem-based learning","score_opus":0.018926814893714568,"score_gpt":0.3494338994796396,"score_spread":0.33050708458592504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2955519981","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03598067,0.05447546,0.000003642023,0.010025179,0.013305062,0.0041134804,0.00001238675,0.00018513284,0.881899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.074563384,0.0039569987,0.002835889,0.00041322046,0.00020452401,0.00026514777,0.00030796687,0.000046176156,0.9174067],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99759173,0.0002992822,0.00073782355,0.00051744597,0.0005291875,0.0003245145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867755,0.00023280013,0.0006927155,0.00008788722,0.000206727,0.00010229507],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007338658,0.00033964604,0.0004027768,0.00053531857,0.00047467425,0.000047855552,0.00013796116,0.0003505671,0.0035887084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023001974,0.00033478969,0.000034467703,0.00016328598,0.00023612064,0.0012564887,0.000093046416,0.0007993734,0.00001006123],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018492911,0.00017873007,0.24784905,0.0014992662,0.000026145537,0.0000011988936,0.016132174,0.000043013144,0.000052633506,0.5352013,0.00041041168,0.1984211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042318206,0.000059334616,0.056742564,0.002290121,0.00001050022,9.398047e-7,0.0031973815,4.3659836e-7,0.00003650279,0.0068587936,0.92998713,0.00039311728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011022091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044807154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9295767,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030315307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007469046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W295781027","doi":"","title":"PBL: An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Authentic Problem-Based Learning (aPBL).","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Graduation (instrument); Lifelong learning; Process (computing); Active learning (machine learning); Mathematics education; Set (abstract data type); Computer science; Teaching method; Task (project management); Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Pedagogy; Engineering","score_opus":0.017919659647228085,"score_gpt":0.31399178702700276,"score_spread":0.2960721273797747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W295781027","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967751,0.00017168815,0.001263534,0.000033897137,0.00030963207,0.0003151293,3.2831716e-7,0.00003567251,0.0010950438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988657,7.53512e-7,0.0009307736,0.00000354546,0.000107814914,0.00005708294,0.000009202728,0.0000092967575,0.000015806329],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988627,0.0004350923,0.00013059599,0.000081894854,0.00033689308,0.00015286116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993035,0.00025176408,0.00009286176,0.000110160414,0.00018787284,0.000053804128],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038239474,0.00005871512,0.00008562309,0.00004873773,0.000063689105,0.000007997211,0.00012329525,0.00006791838,0.00003064897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001397735,0.00005079752,0.000041985404,0.00029138103,0.000047708225,0.00015168685,0.000010857319,0.00013086374,0.0000013399726],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033055534,0.0005614108,0.046738364,0.0011329476,0.000025486685,6.9944335e-9,0.014937024,0.07663668,0.8247674,0.012920407,0.000014448583,0.022232767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006228531,0.000051648494,0.06909855,0.0009920127,0.00020283736,5.4314387e-7,0.0009910087,0.029801836,0.89513946,0.0010888311,0.0016929181,0.00031749086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019172329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.810899e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07037207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013870171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000473613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20714629},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2962892713","doi":"10.1007/s42330-019-00053-x","title":"Examining Student Engagement During a Project-Based Unit in Secondary Science","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley","funders":"","keywords":"Student engagement; Perception; Mathematics education; Task (project management); Triangulation; Project-based learning; Science learning; Psychology; Unit (ring theory); Pedagogy; Science education; Engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.030074855765354132,"score_gpt":0.3270081753991014,"score_spread":0.29693331963374725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2962892713","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98773915,0.00017439286,0.000021093865,0.0010498338,0.0003148536,0.00025019087,3.4480558e-7,0.000008578693,0.010441586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994984,0.000012517841,0.004818854,0.000041348387,0.000020651194,0.0000065578433,1.0185116e-7,0.000003900159,0.000112103044],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883664,0.000031015396,0.00025351666,0.00016408239,0.00033883494,0.00037593598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905217,0.000052515614,0.00022537693,0.00013483461,0.00034999615,0.00018509464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0048087956,0.00006625229,0.00012176232,0.0030434055,0.0008793994,0.0001949088,0.0005891628,0.000054214426,0.000045655357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007115677,0.000062960426,0.000010066146,0.0029076883,0.0018995531,0.0004653272,0.00003076326,0.00031921954,0.000003587962],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003905578,0.00020180218,0.6077753,0.00020305105,0.000009090772,0.000021773676,0.13711469,0.00004503139,0.022831477,0.16479003,0.000042096024,0.06696175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001194135,0.00051075395,0.1928236,0.0016593024,0.000028269998,0.00010174716,0.77166003,0.0005236901,0.0072469837,0.014434816,0.009228071,0.0005885968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015681345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004807428,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6345453,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003394566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.027574902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9779378},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969294236","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2019.33.311.19169","title":"Perception of problem based learning versus conventional teaching methods by clinical medical students in Nigeria","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pan African Medical Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Perception; Problem-based learning; Medical education","score_opus":0.03466685856180652,"score_gpt":0.45174836095633875,"score_spread":0.41708150239453223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2969294236","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93151444,0.00021711628,0.033169247,0.005833315,0.0018311566,0.0004471388,0.0000028340019,0.00007828514,0.026906487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864074,0.00016432899,0.012097491,0.00036891838,0.0005276619,0.000008246221,0.000010591893,0.000019016426,0.00039633707],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9847362,0.0090971785,0.0011497788,0.00032744193,0.004119464,0.0005699219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957244,0.0027507811,0.0005115998,0.00010951318,0.000117773816,0.0007859733],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.04973321,0.00015682653,0.0004943605,0.0002107832,0.00038721506,0.00010724246,0.0009955416,0.00041839067,0.010801745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011073312,0.00013863882,0.00023393317,0.0003325238,0.0004692586,0.00019718376,0.00012755448,0.0032907843,0.000059157213],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004902911,0.00061402546,0.6639795,0.000038777696,0.000083580024,0.00003958324,0.0059243753,0.000023828527,0.00023534255,0.00083080545,0.0015780565,0.32616186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04137041,0.0049986215,0.20167527,0.003742808,0.0002040915,0.000094014125,0.107018456,0.013756465,0.000037322698,0.002306186,0.6228853,0.00191106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037975865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000948459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62130725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022790591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019853504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99900866},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979411926","doi":"","title":"Porcine procedure pads: How to build a teaching tool that's a cut above.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Data science; World Wide Web; Medical physics; Medicine","score_opus":0.0410104363059686,"score_gpt":0.29800359090963324,"score_spread":0.2569931546036646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2979411926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5049263,0.00030541228,0.0006579488,0.1451858,0.0009569868,0.0035022222,0.000013528757,0.00052640797,0.34392536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743504,0.00001994221,0.0005473078,0.0011089415,0.00077573943,0.000984545,0.00000184932,0.000018622039,0.022192674],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998238,0.00016978849,0.00011079369,0.00033564618,0.00041859582,0.0007271457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903446,0.00008744379,0.00017405223,0.0004032014,0.000052059266,0.0002487675],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024903654,0.00013612073,0.00017956719,0.00008527427,0.002215612,0.0010028721,0.0007006609,0.00010968166,0.00003259373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004180592,0.00012247288,0.000069869406,0.00009112355,0.00009559715,0.0007580581,0.00013215924,0.00033302465,0.000028159082],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006734982,0.000090901725,0.1412021,0.000058654947,0.000046363082,0.000028982233,0.022063658,0.000006914267,0.00006988275,0.011226472,0.031952966,0.7931858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004933461,0.00002584301,0.30530825,0.000047823527,0.000022682227,0.0000025753616,0.0020603242,0.000012874271,0.00018507465,0.0010962023,0.690402,0.00034302447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016103499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013724447,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79284275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009361159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014171486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99908334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980534744","doi":"10.1007/s10459-019-09930-4","title":"The case for plural PBL: an analysis of dominant and marginalized perspectives in the globalization of problem-based learning","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; University of Toronto","funders":"Universiteit Maastricht","keywords":"Globalization; Globe; Curriculum; Sociology; Global education; Global strategy; Problem-based learning; Global health; Plural; Narrative; Politics; Global citizenship; Cultural diversity; Epistemology; Pedagogy; Political science; Psychology; Law","score_opus":0.06312284840605646,"score_gpt":0.4850720238982583,"score_spread":0.42194917549220184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2980534744","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006155487,0.99580383,0.0004621883,0.000517536,0.00015964915,0.0020845882,0.0000075783996,0.0000052634205,0.0003438304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.021082995,0.976431,0.0020914231,0.000028116836,0.0000370251,0.00027324632,0.00002534337,0.0000055641685,0.000025293872],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959791,0.0022647425,0.00074355677,0.00037367042,0.00031795615,0.00032100803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960605,0.0022316426,0.0013404393,0.00016519906,0.00016125322,0.0000409705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011069747,0.00013937251,0.000665521,0.000561498,0.0008279102,0.00007761619,0.00042378996,0.000077555094,0.000004335196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008674829,0.00008412813,0.00009953481,0.0035695033,0.0006703847,0.00044769968,0.000012204429,0.00017557775,1.1322185e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017788057,0.00009076245,0.0025399697,0.0054622064,0.000013366976,2.9320572e-7,0.027941495,0.0045320843,8.244744e-8,0.044991136,0.0000030365861,0.9144078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002930967,0.00065950456,0.00026318448,0.005064398,0.00038608885,0.000006580475,0.16117816,0.0053914785,3.1060895e-7,0.0023867881,0.8240922,0.00027818413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011355788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019963061,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9141296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002533668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0039579784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99792004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981624707","doi":"10.1007/s10459-019-09920-6","title":"A thorny path: the developmental course of problem-based learning for health sciences education in Asia","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Hamilton Health Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Panacea (medicine); Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Political science; Medical education; Medicine; Sociology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Alternative medicine","score_opus":0.022416336466443382,"score_gpt":0.42626761146061803,"score_spread":0.40385127499417467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981624707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82128966,0.043319132,0.0021429101,0.07745881,0.0045090523,0.01054299,0.000009086282,0.00012980016,0.04059854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96841276,0.001418707,0.028035736,0.0014401854,0.00009512024,0.00031883002,0.000011428116,0.000007899013,0.00025934607],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996822,0.0008126121,0.0006689038,0.0004823425,0.00054199435,0.000672169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99814874,0.0007784703,0.0007317714,0.00010657908,0.00012889283,0.00010557325],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011842342,0.00013535649,0.00024918898,0.00036946643,0.0013913923,0.00008447159,0.0005545339,0.000054276483,0.00003460508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046409466,0.000107580054,0.00003911299,0.0022169608,0.00070493715,0.00093820743,0.000024274055,0.00023916685,0.000005684233],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022042153,0.00032273182,0.47680816,0.00046300108,0.0000010553035,1.7401753e-8,0.024726555,0.010227133,0.000018606725,0.028841266,0.00020824841,0.45836118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011729209,0.0024721967,0.1284487,0.0047841216,0.0000056010635,0.0000039202737,0.31771958,0.0073768944,0.0001769927,0.032300934,0.50471425,0.0008238892],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0074730846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008561972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.504506,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056777085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.040974412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2982364884","doi":"10.23977/aetp.2019.31005","title":"How to Improve the Interest of Learning in Medical Chemistry Teaching","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Enthusiasm; Chemistry education; Chemistry; Psychology","score_opus":0.01143764131864996,"score_gpt":0.3805821057963076,"score_spread":0.36914446447765764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2982364884","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8332275,0.0016526867,0.0001385852,0.14306976,0.00032000628,0.0001383577,4.2496873e-7,0.000017880348,0.021434752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976481,0.0003676051,0.0004228464,0.00045561988,0.00006119455,0.000037822487,0.0000013566688,0.0000034188001,0.0010020375],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992382,0.00014775096,0.00013833767,0.00020493215,0.000087742075,0.00018302725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931115,0.0004450821,0.000088425644,0.000106650325,0.000020835103,0.000027868715],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009984791,0.000055221833,0.00011039831,0.0001814705,0.00008968487,0.0000069403336,0.00029470312,0.00020200896,0.00015184135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017809203,0.000046207504,0.000011366477,0.00038857726,0.00036263405,0.00010751373,0.000046675465,0.0007206814,0.000005821373],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028081682,0.00008203151,0.48549333,0.000024294288,0.000004527636,0.0000012167752,0.0035023796,0.000015249038,0.001875048,0.29859367,0.00004867799,0.21033148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007839132,0.0002072511,0.028306063,0.00020150375,0.0000034648713,0.000023317603,0.022218104,0.000030191768,0.0003701846,0.22685726,0.72075665,0.00024211693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004806435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005034518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72070795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022899774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013246537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3131042},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985839685","doi":"","title":"Development of a Video Game to Teach Engineering Ethics in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Manitoba","keywords":"Video game; Video game development; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Political science; Sociology; Computer science; Game design; Multimedia","score_opus":0.02054673335622433,"score_gpt":0.24053053848365322,"score_spread":0.21998380512742888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2985839685","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906203,0.000058420377,0.00022562445,0.0005707292,0.00029343483,0.000286743,0.0000059055374,0.000015668518,0.007923183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99287593,0.000034675715,0.004886349,0.000024916297,0.00001684357,4.735689e-7,0.00004046014,0.000012785625,0.0021075404],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889714,0.000096572265,0.00011089937,0.00018166857,0.00049039326,0.00022331602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938416,0.00015161259,0.00016563534,0.00010615092,0.00012244291,0.000069975526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000681988,0.00010543059,0.00025118326,0.00024753562,0.00012945039,0.000006851912,0.00033714715,0.00020586142,0.000015857044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014811034,0.00015573612,0.000037047997,0.00034527486,0.000014464557,0.00007786943,0.000039055027,0.00047495612,0.000009612212],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037222548,0.00011822888,0.1452289,0.0038254345,0.00025846701,0.00008651197,0.80008245,0.0100382,0.005229738,0.0059911413,0.002347959,0.026420785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032040486,0.000027548633,0.20427895,0.0010251408,0.000029384735,1.2097703e-7,0.60376304,0.00017203763,0.0003950328,0.0000077971445,0.18958266,0.00039789831],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9570237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99992174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19631939,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00094101805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0067134015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99891764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2987653390","doi":"10.3138/jvme.0518-062r","title":"Exploring Veterinary Medicine Students’ Experiences with Team-Based Learning at the Universidad Andrés Bello","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Team-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; Strengths and weaknesses; Focus group; Reading (process); Active learning (machine learning); Veterinary medicine; Medicine; Sociology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.11052559170520022,"score_gpt":0.3977274110730118,"score_spread":0.2872018193678116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2987653390","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98869276,0.00050111354,0.00010921579,0.0056338557,0.0013260246,0.00017372528,1.0186849e-7,0.000020621512,0.0035425962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970327,0.00031962074,0.00022690263,0.00049398676,0.0006225505,0.0000179373,0.000002310049,0.000011997189,0.0012720089],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99696225,0.0007381303,0.00033327547,0.00016612542,0.0015379349,0.00026227423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856466,0.00042923857,0.00041075982,0.00013458972,0.0001828242,0.0002779144],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027680353,0.00012563106,0.00021999505,0.00016713532,0.0006364057,0.00004632736,0.0005658863,0.00007276615,0.0026542372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006753499,0.00007769389,0.00006198845,0.00037488056,0.00041651455,0.00058232516,0.00007650091,0.00052173994,0.000021962982],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0032941732,0.00091063115,0.12617317,0.00024001708,0.00018119818,0.00034336947,0.6540468,0.00051482336,0.003132863,0.00030579342,0.004897899,0.20595929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013559125,0.0069161286,0.0072577223,0.0011943302,0.000043713047,0.00028487158,0.34971088,0.00004600586,0.00005903234,0.000011910717,0.6329106,0.00020884849],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031063458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021547732,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6280127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025254197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016067736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99825746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990539519","doi":"10.1101/19007955","title":"PROBLEM BASED LEARNING APPLIED TO PRACTICE IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN BRAZIL: A MINI-SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"medRxiv","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Maturity (psychological); Adaptability; Problem-based learning; Systematic review; Medical school; Clinical Practice; Medical literature; Psychology; Medicine; MEDLINE; Family medicine; Pedagogy; Political science; Pathology","score_opus":0.04301429578769223,"score_gpt":0.4104526425092905,"score_spread":0.36743834672159825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2990539519","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000014349237,0.9658224,0.0000716467,0.0022890465,0.0001692637,0.0092120655,0.0000019814931,0.00010978693,0.022322372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002216293,0.99242157,0.001366339,0.0025925583,0.0001232978,0.0024505926,0.000025333855,0.00007890842,0.0009192622],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98679805,0.0076119285,0.0020190396,0.0008979304,0.001760678,0.00091238925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99343884,0.00438356,0.0011046126,0.0005626463,0.00011080277,0.0003995579],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.026515715,0.00052050065,0.0037112057,0.0007293091,0.00018131163,0.00015021434,0.0012889892,0.0006762067,0.00054788927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03431289,0.0004321502,0.00034113126,0.0033352813,0.00006322363,0.0002406375,0.00016050987,0.002703473,0.0019828142],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000067036817,0.00007669617,0.00010968666,0.82869923,0.00003219557,0.000094694544,0.0012812334,0.000009973747,6.4906274e-8,0.0004012775,0.00044477032,0.1688435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013807639,0.000023729523,9.099072e-7,0.42876762,0.00024709982,0.0000041422113,0.00016270229,0.000003873493,1.8141307e-8,0.000007306158,0.5703612,0.00028333615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005625039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00096000853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5699164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004768682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004385827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991361641","doi":"10.21083/ajote.v8i0.5353","title":"Exploring the Effectiveness of Informal Apprenticeship in a Community of Practice: A Case Study of Katwe, Kampala-Uganda.","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Teacher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Apprenticeship; Coaching; Competence (human resources); Curriculum; Computer science; Medical education; Set (abstract data type); Engineering management; Psychology; Pedagogy; Engineering; Medicine","score_opus":0.07251413703411407,"score_gpt":0.37739968413220093,"score_spread":0.30488554709808685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991361641","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941479,0.000086265914,0.000013065345,0.00007892609,0.00019082821,0.00037338815,3.7461757e-7,0.000002223976,0.0051070466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997999,0.000012233499,0.00010440868,0.0000042353086,0.000041100993,0.00001243189,2.9257694e-7,0.000004797487,0.000020612522],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99424285,0.0047783526,0.00047610042,0.000047385416,0.0003411613,0.00011416023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99625564,0.0020593072,0.0010866021,0.00015635754,0.0004023781,0.000039747072],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011685995,0.0000635378,0.00023189808,0.00021233565,0.00011367288,0.000017075667,0.0002889933,0.000027884935,0.00001563138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001763843,0.00004807696,0.000053671294,0.00058903033,0.00008921456,0.00086717604,0.00003597879,0.0005288981,4.5414285e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027931255,0.0018355396,0.44536453,0.00013899157,0.00004971601,0.000002416312,0.5411249,0.00019477271,0.00032966427,0.0002457483,0.0000032815608,0.0104311425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052876276,0.000630596,0.23083393,0.00021957856,0.00006290268,0.000030070545,0.76718885,0.0000042490897,0.00019882352,0.000060686758,0.00019619877,0.00004537154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020899406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00084714324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22606397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073327086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000795348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9856205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993239501","doi":"10.1186/s12909-019-1884-4","title":"Does case-based blended-learning expedite the transfer of declarative knowledge to procedural knowledge in practice?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Procedural knowledge; Knowledge management; Descriptive knowledge; Knowledge transfer; Computer science; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Knowledge-based systems","score_opus":0.020789699266205153,"score_gpt":0.37931812981558405,"score_spread":0.3585284305493789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2993239501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90834147,0.00083038426,0.003442975,0.02035576,0.002254347,0.0018802438,0.0000016623273,0.00008454129,0.06280864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961851,0.00002303913,0.0007668813,0.0005976137,0.00043629808,0.00017312536,0.0000060690677,0.000012017303,0.0017998184],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997026,0.0016536232,0.00032300287,0.00026188098,0.00044230185,0.00029316472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99665016,0.0026243376,0.00008259285,0.00014236897,0.0002896718,0.00021088665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033633553,0.000113219656,0.00017389616,0.00015672122,0.0002465193,0.000037721362,0.00024894864,0.00015853085,0.0007966321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007863166,0.00006791276,0.000056057474,0.0007493855,0.00014928069,0.00025699256,0.000021967862,0.00044582898,0.00012321802],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041219353,0.0021946428,0.049988803,0.00077253656,0.000039025956,0.000013077881,0.76302934,0.00043079793,0.00028277608,0.030889876,0.0043851105,0.14756185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017101496,0.00044502932,0.0048971893,0.001420788,0.00008079024,0.000027531141,0.4484501,0.0037237408,0.001129205,0.00036506032,0.5371936,0.000556862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017469134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021410847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5328085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015375786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.014274357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99644583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993273415","doi":"","title":"Computer-supported Collaborative Problem-based Learning:","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of e-learning & distance education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Presentation (obstetrics); Set (abstract data type); Process (computing); Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.010713453094988952,"score_gpt":0.3366800806739254,"score_spread":0.32596662757893646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2993273415","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25064042,0.0012028243,0.6483333,0.01147131,0.009186546,0.00064912665,0.0000057189827,0.00023336506,0.07827742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9791061,0.000081888924,0.016501881,0.0002528029,0.0018433261,0.000005301252,0.000033356642,0.000020041809,0.002155273],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99735856,0.0004564863,0.0006378589,0.00019615905,0.0010321388,0.00031881576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995334,0.00045174517,0.0012392169,0.000071315575,0.0027133035,0.00019041088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033922466,0.00014661325,0.00019757786,0.00041152223,0.00046519015,0.00025776416,0.0004988431,0.00010795275,0.00033722955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010669586,0.00015090482,0.00011653561,0.00058773253,0.00015725815,0.0005639094,0.000022271783,0.0007318231,0.000027645925],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001313008,0.0013606475,0.40312824,0.000058373334,0.00037679414,0.00011643883,0.060159363,0.029386606,0.001945709,0.12228625,0.010457918,0.36941063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006817703,0.0002993592,0.012534226,0.0003219869,0.000027403363,0.0000130301305,0.010792164,0.0003376658,0.00034796572,0.000848411,0.9735626,0.00023344129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016738827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018144066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96310467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00055732846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028018316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61537194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993562677","doi":"10.36834/cmej.36603","title":"Recruitment and retention of tutors in problem-based learning: why teachers in medical education tutor","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"TUTOR; Computer science; Medical education; Mathematics education; Psychology; Medicine","score_opus":0.026500975866558574,"score_gpt":0.3321343776099874,"score_spread":0.3056334017434288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2993562677","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.802682,0.0010672971,0.00007613531,0.181121,0.0011734217,0.0009772849,5.313899e-7,0.000018331697,0.012884038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904962,0.00027933207,0.0007545016,0.0071674795,0.00037009286,0.00015502982,0.000013370048,0.000012420169,0.00075157563],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99720263,0.0009100581,0.00047868356,0.00017530895,0.00086100685,0.00037231948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962963,0.000102922866,0.00018245267,0.00006786902,0.00019764507,0.0031527942],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004376423,0.00009287037,0.0001584565,0.000662744,0.00022980986,0.00009326591,0.00023149404,0.0002833739,0.014679312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.015151388,0.00009175858,0.000035686822,0.0005169647,0.00023018518,0.00027855835,0.000008558927,0.00097323244,0.0000117774425],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007509164,0.00026958328,0.16099271,0.000047810117,0.000008075529,0.000007761162,0.023024522,0.000022965176,0.000013893626,0.0027250133,0.029948398,0.78293175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001082627,0.00015135636,0.08847727,0.0017343145,0.00001367604,0.000038794235,0.024920505,0.00094935956,0.0000075169455,0.0030069014,0.87930757,0.00031011706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2523898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.20228669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84935915,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000809814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.095676914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9931444},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2994882956","doi":"10.5539/ies.v13n1p11","title":"The Effect of Biotechology Module with Problem Based Learning in the Socioscientific Context to Enhance Students’ Socioscientific Decision Making Skills","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Context (archaeology); Test (biology); Science education; Control (management); Mathematics; Computer science; Biology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.014314540093705147,"score_gpt":0.42088998449766835,"score_spread":0.4065754444039632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2994882956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888939,0.00045678465,0.0007872962,0.0054256255,0.0020928923,0.0008039089,0.0000021979172,0.000024197969,0.001513165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955088,0.00004396268,0.0006656349,0.00036050106,0.00006371089,0.00019355894,0.000003232478,0.000007762419,0.003152823],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99760747,0.00066309713,0.0002829957,0.00032250432,0.00088371703,0.00024023709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99641925,0.0025248416,0.00024283653,0.00017652383,0.0006139879,0.000022576134],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004980543,0.00011173583,0.00016327543,0.00020138068,0.00081529294,0.0002089768,0.0007581042,0.00004904832,0.000041297317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018113161,0.0000648146,0.000054441767,0.0005839245,0.0003243021,0.00015325527,0.000089562345,0.00024179935,0.0000683931],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027523786,0.00032284952,0.62146467,0.000057391102,0.00013148575,0.0000010810041,0.098810695,0.003439442,0.00094643456,0.0038386232,0.00437436,0.26633772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021666398,0.0016771617,0.21359038,0.0030084061,0.00008943004,0.0000044672747,0.20917313,0.00040915023,0.0049202214,0.0047586397,0.5593079,0.00089448265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017130104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000657748,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55493355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002234901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029223785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62706566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995653961","doi":"10.18260/1-2--31887","title":"Problem-Based Lab Education: Redesign of a Senior Year Chemical Engineering Lab Course to Promote Autonomy, Critical Thinking, and Problem-Solving Skills","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Autonomy; Critical thinking; Course (navigation); Computer science; Engineering management; Engineering education; Mathematics education; Engineering; Psychology; Political science","score_opus":0.008186894487068781,"score_gpt":0.29693899086423203,"score_spread":0.28875209637716326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995653961","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35002506,0.007995204,0.12899019,0.19860183,0.0035007438,0.013729408,0.00010034216,0.0072541833,0.28980306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.772143,0.000007712831,0.22521654,0.00025689925,0.00027460337,0.000094755545,0.0000053473714,0.000035005403,0.0019661416],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99833107,0.00012079838,0.00031218104,0.00041283315,0.00038664823,0.00043648417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990057,0.00039726222,0.00003897528,0.00015820793,0.00016382527,0.00023602729],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001615119,0.00017230008,0.00021995333,0.00015060559,0.00021723776,0.0002950864,0.00022124947,0.00015162735,0.00029851418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004710305,0.00016106154,0.00006277027,0.00055800495,0.00013702555,0.00026985636,0.00007212658,0.0002914693,0.000029337634],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056078385,0.0009402562,0.0020605267,0.0032287326,0.00013878498,0.00003573289,0.13328435,0.000692855,0.04472261,0.7165703,0.0103517985,0.087917954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002015445,0.001394819,0.0007448371,0.014821272,0.0006399143,0.000058489768,0.013446819,0.027306207,0.08973535,0.051387385,0.7944116,0.0040378813],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005489061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032922046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78405976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014359562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027310385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6567899},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996272936","doi":"10.1111/medu.14025","title":"Conceptualising spaced learning in health professions education: A scoping review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Inclusion (mineral); Set (abstract data type); Health professions; Medical education; Variety (cybernetics); Computer science; Psychology; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Health care","score_opus":0.10710651879593039,"score_gpt":0.5311302758830363,"score_spread":0.42402375708710593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996272936","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[3.2562022e-7,0.9673844,0.000044329998,0.01654907,0.00219416,0.0035178442,5.68132e-7,0.00008921714,0.010220103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000003098555,0.98592967,0.00025407877,0.0056463974,0.0008146892,0.00066060544,0.00021560988,0.000035571567,0.0064402916],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9921082,0.0048826532,0.0011068363,0.0004990346,0.0008764465,0.0005268074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99754065,0.00076212664,0.00097482017,0.00027024993,0.00013062601,0.00032153257],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0066637825,0.0002619823,0.0013675677,0.00031383667,0.00056167564,0.00006999368,0.00043358415,0.000437277,0.0020378202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012488394,0.00023514524,0.00019363765,0.001370259,0.00015086625,0.00020337179,0.0000678745,0.0015808301,0.00024828853],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.2524167e-7,0.000090666465,0.000017793502,0.12154415,0.000003970618,2.4949824e-7,0.0038583046,1.4900532e-7,1.4509722e-9,0.0011283283,0.00709931,0.8662568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002996655,0.000010379965,6.213092e-7,0.47091773,0.00002781911,0.0000020713667,0.0013990718,7.9234616e-7,1.9730002e-9,0.000014637447,0.5274733,0.0001236418],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002384336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00069356343,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8661331,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00084759487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.15216278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996607731","doi":"10.1007/s10459-019-09947-9","title":"Celebrating 50 years of problem-based learning: progress, pitfalls and possibilities","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematics education; Medical education; Medical physics; Psychology; Medicine","score_opus":0.01059705398423041,"score_gpt":0.3777079529391343,"score_spread":0.3671108989549039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996607731","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017665926,0.16069774,0.0001197361,0.0032338018,0.7969607,0.004565218,0.000036893292,0.00023133506,0.016488634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.24988629,0.07748327,0.11835853,0.00075194513,0.5431808,0.0012250118,0.000523202,0.00019414941,0.008396815],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958909,0.00091671274,0.00074943894,0.0006739296,0.0011389975,0.0006300174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996109,0.0021142415,0.0012269223,0.00017313812,0.0002476805,0.00012897913],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0066570835,0.00019930647,0.00044513104,0.0004504976,0.0006413979,0.00016087315,0.00048088815,0.00030495945,0.000028434955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026231103,0.00021097939,0.000045775505,0.0009480192,0.0013299106,0.0009010239,0.000048577644,0.0007404007,0.0000042793013],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000092492795,0.000490772,0.17441964,0.0114295045,0.000011151154,7.3912594e-7,0.078297935,0.0052563082,0.0000067521974,0.017820435,0.06226423,0.64991003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018489303,0.000493805,0.0004823559,0.0018958476,0.0000044265416,1.1693759e-7,0.00738012,0.00010867323,0.0000031500888,0.0034671884,0.9857194,0.00026003955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009221819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027020231,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9234552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034020102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.017631253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99737585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000805004","doi":"","title":"Evidências da efetividade da aprendizagem baseada em problemas na educação médica: uma revisão de literatura","year":2019,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Psychology","score_opus":0.03925820232971151,"score_gpt":0.3259160225144552,"score_spread":0.2866578201847437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3000805004","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43636572,0.025736628,0.002666557,0.021735596,0.0063075363,0.008470478,0.00020936545,0.0017048116,0.49680328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7456696,0.0005348572,0.0020898508,0.0030671377,0.00095957675,0.000092790295,0.000083110965,0.00011726345,0.24738581],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9911958,0.0024516105,0.0010832943,0.0015666096,0.001463239,0.0022394694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960731,0.0010305422,0.000645041,0.0010946322,0.00033007417,0.0008265592],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0051679644,0.00084315235,0.0010085184,0.00040461394,0.0012328634,0.0027080758,0.0014921565,0.00075256417,0.014647214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008328113,0.00077757647,0.0005229426,0.0023345733,0.00028182068,0.0013833228,0.0004646656,0.0016739977,0.0040632067],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056473416,0.0017582371,0.06440634,0.0053434023,0.00084808463,0.00024120834,0.27015215,0.00035192046,0.0046608523,0.08139418,0.14213884,0.42814004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031027787,0.0012189505,0.0045620427,0.005591289,0.00045961307,0.00005307742,0.043650575,0.004309599,0.0007932911,0.0016259352,0.93119925,0.0034335868],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020479325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003774587,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7890604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006283242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025033695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003101128","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi0.13783","title":"CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENTS IN THIRD YEAR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Environmental remediation; Petrochemical; Curriculum; Leaching (pedology); Waste management; Engineering; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering management; Environmental science; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.0056118478000213665,"score_gpt":0.21267286739807345,"score_spread":0.2070610195980521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3003101128","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730292,0.00007675112,0.00003563283,0.0037236928,0.0017987188,0.0011013339,0.0000063668836,0.0001196768,0.02010862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99559796,0.000005259875,0.0014648037,0.00013140551,0.00013266582,0.000039855306,0.0000021161918,0.000019460924,0.0026064517],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989271,0.000012835538,0.00021290954,0.00015824883,0.00031903962,0.000369829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929065,0.00008401903,0.00018995273,0.000061086954,0.00023923517,0.00013503875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001197447,0.000099816374,0.00014174765,0.00023838278,0.00008885468,0.00009201383,0.0002915212,0.00016381074,0.000049459904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016003633,0.00010783024,0.000052181833,0.000553649,0.000010276663,0.00023214908,0.000018894765,0.0002648355,0.00002372272],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013520688,0.00013107885,0.82351625,0.00041521943,0.00012293986,2.0801913e-7,0.024348924,0.004925616,0.06350247,0.06213743,0.01763657,0.0032498075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003708787,0.00018211317,0.44840246,0.0024228548,0.00018544824,0.0000034463253,0.013539957,0.02258792,0.056378335,0.002352537,0.44713706,0.0030990595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024113942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021621897,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4295005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022566237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001000499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98238456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003130759","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi0.13779","title":"BUILDING EFFECTIVE CASE STUDIES FOR MATERIALS","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Curiosity; Class (philosophy); Subject (documents); Mathematics education; Characterization (materials science); Computer science; Process (computing); Graph; Pedagogy; Psychology; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Theoretical computer science","score_opus":0.008649300745116167,"score_gpt":0.2867924747284564,"score_spread":0.27814317398334026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3003130759","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894573,0.00014136922,0.000012025431,0.0033976256,0.0026200458,0.0013427705,0.00002133967,0.00006178899,0.0029457384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955834,0.000008416226,0.0014251686,0.00014731025,0.00029482346,0.00017834453,0.0000016167746,0.000017972698,0.00234291],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991621,0.000020263138,0.00017834568,0.00014822934,0.00019445767,0.00029663832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985711,0.00026567635,0.00028942627,0.000049013142,0.0007243799,0.00010042807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014335872,0.000092434755,0.00016099605,0.00017982177,0.00042549014,0.0001089476,0.00016773597,0.00011377226,0.000027242359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003874081,0.000089918954,0.000061598985,0.0003421494,0.000018411994,0.00023900747,0.000015824824,0.00010141782,0.0000067012575],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002711999,0.00010569851,0.1083652,0.0028894048,0.0008821755,0.0000011356991,0.093754046,0.0012169887,0.07743711,0.6526194,0.049862824,0.012838872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019250383,0.0002337812,0.04278972,0.0019497176,0.00053329277,0.000052940864,0.042708848,0.00084207125,0.08918479,0.012851467,0.80493814,0.0019901993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022051647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010084226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75507534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023268627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006891002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9844606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3004129015","doi":"10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2019.3.9462","title":"Investigating the Alignment of Intended, Enacted, and Perceived Learning Outcomes in an Authentic Research-Based Science Program","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Perception; Focus group; Consistency (knowledge bases); Context (archaeology); Authentic learning; Psychology; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Medical education; Computer science; Sociology; Medicine","score_opus":0.09068806874246467,"score_gpt":0.4097185631258261,"score_spread":0.31903049438336145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3004129015","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99290323,0.00035211098,0.000018332268,0.00536517,0.00011508428,0.0005820922,7.687659e-7,0.000013881459,0.0006492999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99870265,0.0000122455585,0.0006423135,0.00009229914,0.000050144226,0.000014479952,6.318443e-7,0.000015023154,0.00047023443],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9930984,0.0051005217,0.00031296624,0.00020563927,0.00063200627,0.0006504779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99617505,0.0027987186,0.00028371927,0.00018086331,0.0002565532,0.00030507555],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.057788875,0.00011750134,0.00019845186,0.00036981772,0.010682343,0.0008358311,0.0008043078,0.00007321484,0.000017478502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0144596035,0.00006546464,0.000063096326,0.00041745437,0.002406174,0.00047045972,0.00005506843,0.004408034,8.0279926e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024606492,0.000016487078,0.7357745,0.00004923531,0.000030028927,0.0000013495381,0.16190688,0.0049373712,0.0022025446,0.008881009,0.0000025419235,0.08617342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014314402,0.0013963288,0.62547076,0.0014243022,0.000091209324,0.00002757644,0.32524875,0.022057222,0.00011211537,0.010695091,0.011633826,0.00041137324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04597648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.033259805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16334186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018632949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015456948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99788886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3004780506","doi":"10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104362","title":"Elements of group dynamics that influence learning in small groups in undergraduate students: A scoping review","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nurse Education Today","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"CINAHL; PsycINFO; Psychology; Dynamics (music); Openness to experience; Group dynamic; Focus group; Medical education; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; MEDLINE; Medicine; Social psychology; Psychological intervention; Sociology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.043139349570124975,"score_gpt":0.4159157131194626,"score_spread":0.37277636354933763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3004780506","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00014214672,0.9932731,0.000031653875,0.0010544354,0.00042965185,0.0028118924,0.000002892995,0.000048212863,0.0022060391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007457225,0.99765927,0.0002710057,0.00023847706,0.00008041302,0.00048771396,0.0001416875,0.000039163097,0.00033654735],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.99506843,0.0022464604,0.0011796508,0.0005396217,0.0005281648,0.00043764958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793106,0.0004151188,0.0011965923,0.00024224189,0.00008955264,0.00012541356],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027990884,0.0003269406,0.0013176634,0.0004318585,0.00015691349,0.00008942017,0.0007978593,0.00023494291,0.00006504038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013433819,0.0003388353,0.00019251228,0.0018103989,0.00010092263,0.0002996687,0.00007865269,0.0009438431,0.00004220907],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022146237,0.00018194514,0.010732202,0.051015317,0.000020128828,0.0000027724955,0.00294455,0.0000049207097,5.8168634e-8,0.0034136607,0.00003344569,0.9316488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020021501,0.00005299817,0.00045205746,0.6860668,0.00017156138,0.0000013560178,0.0028212063,0.0000074114046,6.5339826e-8,0.0004546898,0.30932617,0.00044546652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023968166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009296807,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9312033,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010303494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0034610352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3008735506","doi":"10.1097/acm.0000000000003203","title":"Experiential Learning in Project-Based Quality Improvement Education: Questioning Assumptions and Identifying Future Directions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Women's College Hospital; St. Michael's Hospital; Canadian Patient Safety Institute; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; Hospital for Sick Children; The Wilson Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Coaching; Timeline; Curriculum; CLARITY; Medical education; Project-based learning; Psychology; Medicine; Knowledge management; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.06962399063439312,"score_gpt":0.4238839383839077,"score_spread":0.3542599477495146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3008735506","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7551838,0.012934102,0.00822011,0.20098525,0.002869982,0.0018804572,0.0000037129257,0.00083152705,0.017091006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934286,0.0011131732,0.00032783148,0.0018550294,0.0023932906,0.00013841367,0.000024608064,0.000012545479,0.0007065331],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980048,0.00057951675,0.0004085739,0.00034085035,0.00038276982,0.00028348734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992853,0.00020691783,0.00018447071,0.00007410441,0.00007689737,0.00017231796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017563624,0.00012042118,0.00019920636,0.00017607895,0.0007438948,0.00003341855,0.00013893584,0.00017791567,0.00019586863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015938504,0.000117576805,0.000024862346,0.0007297842,0.00020602187,0.0002706713,0.00003675757,0.0009872761,0.000005508983],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075176904,0.000037358866,0.10945458,0.00027370837,0.000026117248,0.0000037902976,0.6448408,0.0000772593,0.008756465,0.026505396,0.0051991614,0.20475022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010067736,0.00015912573,0.005975014,0.0004092138,0.000038649006,0.0000013291971,0.26951545,0.0005185137,0.00014868489,0.00034807305,0.72158873,0.00029046668],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0044251103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043929464,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71638954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012424267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068487186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6689472},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009537203","doi":"10.5206/tips.v9i1.10316","title":"Implementing Team-Based Learning to Strengthen Communication Skills among Undergraduate Kinesiology Students","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching Innovation Projects","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Kinesiology; Medical education; Competence (human resources); Psychology; Debriefing; Health care; Communication skills; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.041389221610437704,"score_gpt":0.3555840492866691,"score_spread":0.3141948276762314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3009537203","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9632549,0.000011511747,0.008217419,0.010477785,0.000084414016,0.00090621354,0.0000023078164,0.00060696545,0.01643847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98777366,0.0000037436216,0.0075409617,0.0038321803,0.00017590592,0.00007888023,0.00011781853,0.000033113763,0.0004437377],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961557,0.0016546028,0.00056676177,0.00041725225,0.0005823775,0.000623314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860483,0.00035639017,0.00044834617,0.00022414839,0.00025917805,0.00010708262],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005257673,0.00019173304,0.00022113496,0.00038134065,0.002233948,0.00027062077,0.0006564987,0.00012112271,0.00005960934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0044756904,0.00020462715,0.00004090442,0.0016147847,0.0000877707,0.0004004744,0.00026736403,0.0009116596,0.00005221681],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005945481,0.00019047536,0.771726,0.000073077295,0.00005146686,0.0000027388348,0.121011876,0.0060642455,0.002450682,0.04988222,0.0026586486,0.045829095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0058357297,0.0017080328,0.16458774,0.0009304116,0.0001442448,0.0000015164068,0.064577214,0.016667137,0.0016925274,0.0047714314,0.7362384,0.0028455781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018743118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030367458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7335798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015768415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028829134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010739239","doi":"10.1002/nse2.20008","title":"Combining problem‐based learning and team‐based learning in a sustainable soil management course","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural sciences education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Team-based learning; Problem-based learning; Capstone course; Medical education; Natural resource management; Natural resource; Knowledge management; Psychology; Curriculum; Pedagogy; Computer science; Medicine; Political science","score_opus":0.013195375007199457,"score_gpt":0.3248861812095969,"score_spread":0.3116908062023974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3010739239","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75666916,0.0034181299,0.0007292255,0.049097955,0.00059118867,0.0020833272,5.270917e-7,0.00063782505,0.18677267],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99209017,0.00003896209,0.0042762677,0.0009879493,0.000104604136,0.00006178222,0.000009459718,0.000010179194,0.0024206527],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975715,0.0005097602,0.00023362781,0.00048607888,0.00056985643,0.0006291782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992712,0.00019141947,0.00017989955,0.000054095446,0.00012537146,0.0001780263],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025030605,0.00015029409,0.00016017554,0.00022653297,0.0017392634,0.00039199117,0.00028433456,0.00008714779,0.00006894444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005325891,0.0001466609,0.000037579117,0.0018216618,0.00034871325,0.0005955904,0.000062172396,0.00062634406,0.0000114945415],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013037513,0.00037436397,0.5537332,0.00069648435,0.000020907928,0.000019730953,0.06254173,0.04671554,0.0006519457,0.07841276,0.0016380387,0.25506487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028309352,0.0010234932,0.03204146,0.00072772824,0.00008958471,0.0000025138922,0.28279525,0.15074348,0.000443202,0.003520081,0.5242404,0.0015418694],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023626012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029182754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5226024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001940457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014355364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99956036},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010899220","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-40274-7_81","title":"A Problem Solving Based Approach to Learn Engineering Mathematics","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Set (abstract data type); Recall; Mathematics education; Subject (documents); Cohort; Computer science; Outcome (game theory); Mathematics; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Statistics","score_opus":0.02749083577393872,"score_gpt":0.2737899147687134,"score_spread":0.24629907899477468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3010899220","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000027535028,0.010260897,0.3852694,0.00009582616,0.00043671546,0.001159347,0.0000035589387,0.00020567703,0.602541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.61152554,0.0041606366,0.29633826,0.0006699372,0.0042005274,0.00018829669,0.000063433356,0.0005917386,0.08226164],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978499,0.00006656897,0.00066293404,0.00054809626,0.00042750032,0.0004450271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883443,0.00042463443,0.00031035786,0.00016356703,0.00007403258,0.000192971],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011713426,0.0003396614,0.0005796756,0.0002499906,0.00029927847,0.00021375595,0.0003131495,0.00021992382,0.000011438159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015909245,0.0003531821,0.0000880242,0.00015654223,0.00005826833,0.00014026761,0.00013201153,0.0005942579,0.000027713828],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000085812335,0.00002726272,0.00011481306,0.0025823463,0.000031223324,0.000015781237,0.017834919,0.2830737,0.0000075707926,0.6541854,0.000044679775,0.042073734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013637799,0.00008929509,0.0000012873124,0.0058307396,0.000027067403,0.000006047601,0.0042585554,0.20994937,0.000006904643,0.0021441558,0.776754,0.0007961973],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021674251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044088363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7767093,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017751785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012666157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999892},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014312288","doi":"10.16891/725","title":"O USO DA APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROBLEMAS EM CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA","year":2020,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"Revista Interfaces: Saúde, Humanas e Tecnologia","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Psychology","score_opus":0.08590708115905898,"score_gpt":0.32774842577140184,"score_spread":0.24184134461234286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3014312288","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8097293,0.09442741,0.0060150656,0.021712184,0.0026773615,0.0109317815,0.0006371885,0.0050298246,0.04883989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839969,0.0037077696,0.0012770771,0.0021785852,0.0010492904,0.00014593094,0.00009991119,0.00025158192,0.0072929156],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9861556,0.004159881,0.002432167,0.0027545295,0.0015353132,0.002962493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942743,0.00093229325,0.0014220389,0.0016591991,0.0005340586,0.0011780803],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0043895813,0.0016302982,0.002400095,0.0004877676,0.002258325,0.00335196,0.0033644396,0.0011472858,0.004783029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003437553,0.0015805094,0.0009176632,0.0025215258,0.0011769612,0.0010210079,0.0012521532,0.0029640067,0.002065079],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002191434,0.001982934,0.02168382,0.024751669,0.003444679,0.0019688285,0.37587762,0.00075049815,0.010329027,0.0813169,0.25355247,0.2221501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033852418,0.003855027,0.0015088047,0.010167442,0.0017810834,0.00009947276,0.08215932,0.0033860833,0.0017875812,0.00066382554,0.88582504,0.0053810724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00049622345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004466622,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6322726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010977833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011092275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99964446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016105785","doi":"10.22606/jaer.2020.52003","title":"A Unique Hybrid Problem-Based Learning Model: Prospective Teacher Education and Development","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Advances in Education Research","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Constructivist teaching methods; Social constructivism; Negotiation; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Metacognition; Professional learning community; Teacher education; Problem-based learning; Professional development; Active learning (machine learning); Process (computing); Teaching method; Sociology; Computer science; Cognition","score_opus":0.04640121006824698,"score_gpt":0.43557290525332965,"score_spread":0.38917169518508266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3016105785","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8347462,0.022672663,0.026745578,0.04190712,0.0005949548,0.002327967,9.3509027e-7,0.00008280556,0.07092177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95289356,0.0010162182,0.04494989,0.00019064872,0.00027857537,0.000062443316,0.0000017616287,0.000011794239,0.00059511315],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978454,0.00075022277,0.00033608548,0.00017658657,0.0006259739,0.00026574227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984923,0.00019726707,0.0002215767,0.0000480896,0.0008408349,0.00019995251],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036531815,0.00007609339,0.00013798047,0.0003628915,0.00041050804,0.000102085985,0.00020659965,0.000045885477,0.000053923344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015607616,0.00007223403,0.000021232945,0.000596085,0.00015064221,0.0007338772,0.000028962162,0.00094080466,0.000004413056],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019897404,0.00075156556,0.15141605,0.00019129961,0.00000920892,0.0000026381792,0.08312014,0.018534986,0.00027992946,0.0047296686,0.00094751146,0.73981804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009679674,0.0006259703,0.0066829273,0.00084166543,0.000009157397,0.00000992858,0.08434688,0.0040784953,0.0018744589,0.024177507,0.87598777,0.0003972924],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008465329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000089028414,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87504023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046592535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.012784201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9928124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022478121","doi":"10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.861","title":"Problem-Based Learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"reference-entry","venue":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); TUTOR; Curriculum; Psychology; Process (computing); Autonomy; Cognition; Constructivist teaching methods; Pedagogy; Computer science; Teaching method","score_opus":0.07297092849849185,"score_gpt":0.4089946326794405,"score_spread":0.3360237041809486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022478121","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00026036263,0.004012175,0.00011055761,0.00430928,0.0011973392,0.0012472614,0.00001905084,0.000116129144,0.98872787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0050681653,0.4823815,0.0055996985,0.00014181343,0.005086494,0.0006753714,0.0011626154,0.00012039355,0.49976394],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99322015,0.00251078,0.0005681972,0.0006528504,0.0021118645,0.0009361487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99637973,0.0011913314,0.00044500135,0.00033382088,0.0012169261,0.00043316526],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038447268,0.00027969052,0.00047404264,0.00083204615,0.0010968021,0.0001631895,0.00089829863,0.0006476884,0.001399479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050932337,0.0002844872,0.00018035516,0.0018137475,0.0004867915,0.00025719713,0.00013970386,0.0029709493,0.00012399779],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041310763,0.00020402936,0.0024100635,0.0011219804,0.000024394058,0.0000019363176,0.0072185257,0.000023175036,0.0000013058257,0.003449393,0.24844421,0.73705965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015103616,0.00023835355,0.00012322357,0.0009835877,0.000027148571,2.113232e-7,0.0037994455,0.000016360184,0.0000066141824,0.0022305283,0.9921457,0.00027774708],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0044856574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00052488927,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7437015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005195549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.027558714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3029481475","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-1485.2016.12.003","title":"The application of team-based learning in medical education in Canada and its enlightenment to Chinese medical education","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zhonghua yixue jiaoyu tansuo zazhi","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Enlightenment; China; Mode (computer interface); Medical education; Process (computing); Psychology; Key (lock); Sociology; Political science; Computer science; Medicine; Law; Epistemology","score_opus":0.004468404807842934,"score_gpt":0.29157553861808055,"score_spread":0.2871071338102376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3029481475","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9507208,0.0006511603,0.0003071399,0.044104684,0.00033104644,0.00063767855,0.000001766735,0.000024729641,0.0032210327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976517,0.00024553188,0.00011854242,0.0010122362,0.00016011561,0.00018530009,0.000005258566,0.000011681005,0.00060966035],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974456,0.00049158046,0.0004195772,0.00028779494,0.0010262502,0.00032919395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986898,0.00058253534,0.00015000343,0.00015845604,0.00010959179,0.00030965902],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023104232,0.00012333498,0.00017936925,0.00014945139,0.00023563855,0.000023542212,0.00034854226,0.00013309272,0.00012952964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003670179,0.000080999744,0.000023849436,0.00062868564,0.00008829631,0.00012219099,0.000046258574,0.00026790594,0.000009089727],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032998276,0.00010754512,0.36872488,0.000025174153,0.0000035115165,0.0000011184529,0.0017286894,0.000019411542,0.00024940708,0.0028054754,0.00055006,0.62575173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021006418,0.00016135932,0.5318209,0.0016035988,0.000018051249,0.000007914872,0.0066563613,0.0059483554,0.0007262713,0.0022253788,0.447976,0.00075521914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6889709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.95201045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6249965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007114864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.023798086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98173606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3031768200","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677x.2009.01.054","title":"The overview of problem-based learning curriculum system in Canadian medical education","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chinese Journal of Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; China; Medical education; Key (lock); Problem-based learning; Medical school; Medicine; Computer science; Psychology; Political science; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.01083558479019166,"score_gpt":0.3647100718908579,"score_spread":0.35387448710066627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3031768200","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76735103,0.018351441,0.00014118629,0.18649451,0.0032973336,0.0005331582,4.5918617e-7,0.000029629346,0.023801232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968976,0.00085928466,0.00017758421,0.0011368804,0.0008278823,0.0000072683943,0.0000032274027,0.0000058137775,0.00008445395],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963108,0.0008252547,0.0006782378,0.00010049722,0.0017844175,0.0003008333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99779904,0.00024434924,0.00050392584,0.00009443298,0.00046058116,0.0008976539],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010065967,0.00009929949,0.00023308846,0.00028518768,0.00035391393,0.000056027427,0.000551062,0.00022583184,0.00027902197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.015287052,0.00006158466,0.00009159628,0.00081149646,0.00011920477,0.00018391482,0.000008213327,0.00083365414,0.0000049963605],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030088322,0.00068244117,0.14328413,0.00027491638,0.000018497762,0.000012494766,0.014496194,0.00016094683,0.0000066913235,0.063889965,0.0063902712,0.7707534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020930653,0.00061575905,0.1167965,0.014040146,0.000081929276,0.00017965712,0.036006644,0.008349837,0.000010251899,0.0066178767,0.8146569,0.0005513998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12092707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.119487084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80826664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004976004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06523505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9930076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033011334","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2019-0107","title":"Improvement of DVM Curriculum to Meet OIE Recommendations at Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Internship; Medical education; Veterinary medicine; Medicine; Veterinary public health; Curriculum development; Veterinary education; Public health; Nursing; Psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.0832393713226162,"score_gpt":0.3933474078598622,"score_spread":0.310108036537246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033011334","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9420515,0.00017990985,0.000113385286,0.055511765,0.00039261085,0.00012025428,0.0000025510712,0.000009776601,0.001618253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995957,0.00032322758,0.0024786303,0.0008596526,0.0003293997,0.0000013340618,0.0000018422711,0.0000040734044,0.00004483449],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998681,0.0002387163,0.0002745981,0.00013538136,0.00050607696,0.00016421353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898976,0.00010509572,0.0002672133,0.00004391767,0.00014609798,0.00044788665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012149351,0.00007064806,0.00015099994,0.00014288952,0.0003544258,0.000028080734,0.00028022393,0.00006324561,0.00047230866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007104773,0.00006636088,0.000051400963,0.00044342296,0.00022516365,0.00031176,0.00014573296,0.00012888706,0.0000026104206],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012062086,0.0018429668,0.023446128,0.0005317573,0.0001456844,0.00016028047,0.093981475,0.000023084094,0.058930006,0.0101498235,0.06168811,0.74789447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010899702,0.023541119,0.0052473973,0.0008032517,0.000079635895,0.00021897868,0.065230206,0.00029049348,0.00032367045,0.00023734398,0.90258354,0.00035439624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023798525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029303532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8408954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000117031304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011659164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51714486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036235929","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi0.14206","title":"Student-centered Teaching Assistance Method for Engineering Students","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Class (philosophy); Variety (cybernetics); Constructivist teaching methods; Computer science; Teaching method; Constructivism (international relations); Psychology; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.015511599718036843,"score_gpt":0.3111835154117092,"score_spread":0.29567191569367235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036235929","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78467107,0.0010691072,0.023875188,0.13056271,0.012404173,0.0076682405,0.00020619461,0.0012890813,0.03825423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98408437,0.0000042208494,0.013233851,0.0005735387,0.0004981096,0.00010412015,0.0000053269932,0.000034436955,0.0014620473],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99862397,0.000025979989,0.00026510863,0.00022185637,0.000465629,0.00039746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987769,0.00015879695,0.00031840638,0.000057881552,0.00037910053,0.00030893026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016464891,0.000132109,0.00017480628,0.00013296765,0.0005829877,0.0003142436,0.0006055472,0.00013070989,0.000017424449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005082751,0.00014341729,0.00010877074,0.00040089976,0.00001242159,0.00028185386,0.000027423825,0.00030599444,0.0000033488213],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012102642,0.00012299868,0.7334947,0.000734407,0.0003394306,1.308872e-7,0.10033625,0.0033737707,0.0056156996,0.10872217,0.041643903,0.0056044534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067417155,0.000047373345,0.13888006,0.00036374366,0.00013378447,4.4881887e-7,0.0060737208,0.0062575312,0.0009960491,0.00018372308,0.8458037,0.0005857193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049495148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029418054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80415976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014547291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00090085255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7482219},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036355391","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi0.14165","title":"TEACHING FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS TO COMMUNICATE PROBLEM ANALYSIS AND INVESTIGATION WITH AN ENGINEERING-SPECIFIC WRITING MODEL","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Swale; Computer science; Work (physics); Engineering education; Mathematics education; Multimedia; Psychology; Engineering management; Engineering","score_opus":0.01458425550189968,"score_gpt":0.2458494911595329,"score_spread":0.2312652356576332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036355391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9713538,0.00004421131,0.00058575615,0.025227375,0.00007259289,0.00063744053,0.00001259356,0.00015546143,0.0019107154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98065215,0.000010755749,0.018550657,0.00042527332,0.00010648495,0.000046656955,0.000008279415,0.000024275401,0.0001754761],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877256,0.000026109221,0.00023472191,0.00022321196,0.00045002304,0.000293361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988352,0.00006119311,0.000230382,0.00008587941,0.00032752837,0.00045980138],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012360612,0.00012709688,0.00017197641,0.0003195439,0.0006067977,0.00032100859,0.00044598404,0.00009890411,0.0000057971743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061973237,0.00013038634,0.000043218435,0.0011304513,0.000020820838,0.0004311136,0.00004605565,0.000329736,0.0000018235941],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008774141,0.00003761704,0.78703934,0.00019888957,0.00025207197,6.560267e-8,0.09645813,0.08072179,0.0009530105,0.03239938,0.0011572625,0.00077367655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013605849,0.00034691222,0.54080665,0.0012047673,0.0011223512,0.000001771266,0.028275894,0.35650724,0.00095025514,0.001178289,0.06588097,0.0023643128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02261842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024086347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27578548,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00089528685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039963715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99372154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036385013","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi0.14182","title":"SIX DEGREES OF CHEM &amp; BACON","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Workload; Grading (engineering); Graduation (instrument); Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Course (navigation); Point (geometry); Computer science; Reflection (computer programming); Multimedia; Engineering; Psychology; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.01668360236860419,"score_gpt":0.24090683454809128,"score_spread":0.2242232321794871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036385013","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83507,0.0003650007,0.00004513655,0.071395725,0.0016366439,0.00085905485,0.00003661332,0.0001994639,0.090392336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964631,0.000014270384,0.0011700077,0.00030418328,0.00025682178,0.0000139785225,0.0000036488373,0.000014173169,0.0017597959],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909437,0.000012992993,0.00020859676,0.00012280788,0.00032622792,0.00023499203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884963,0.000066893575,0.00033343513,0.00004474857,0.00049159065,0.00021369151],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063651946,0.00008076629,0.00012920618,0.000111297624,0.00020487691,0.000055729746,0.00030292894,0.00012330795,0.00009950595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003688024,0.00008391751,0.000071918905,0.00063376944,0.000026821725,0.00019138216,0.000016710781,0.00017469993,0.000011385183],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001288335,0.00010262857,0.56269544,0.00087454345,0.00026162277,6.82608e-8,0.11944033,0.0031825104,0.024922453,0.13910067,0.14266126,0.0067456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002811035,0.000029830697,0.118060485,0.00021455983,0.00008789697,4.2059813e-7,0.0044863475,0.0009574691,0.0050528445,0.000264087,0.8701477,0.0004172401],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.039262008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028690357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7274865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008129649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013179966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9890335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036397460","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi0.14119","title":"IMPLEMENTING A COMMON APPROACH TO PROBLEM SOLVING IN THE SECOND YEAR OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Queen's University","keywords":"Hierarchy; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Computer science; Management science; Mathematics; Engineering; Psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.011071481445568812,"score_gpt":0.2328545975139073,"score_spread":0.2217831160683385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036397460","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93562806,0.00007195142,0.000056426634,0.017120723,0.00025860555,0.0012186242,0.000020673282,0.000076691016,0.045548268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996018,0.0000011482574,0.003220381,0.0004019729,0.00016419876,0.00004643039,0.0000033318997,0.000015652144,0.00012889845],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882764,0.000019019932,0.00028264528,0.00014672976,0.00033975748,0.0003841872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930274,0.0000900867,0.00022397313,0.000053392007,0.00018551829,0.00014430608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001614162,0.000093259485,0.0001478618,0.00015490195,0.0001457977,0.00008950445,0.00044409963,0.000091921705,0.000021703709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013582088,0.00008739928,0.000058723348,0.0009558577,0.000011880541,0.00016184575,0.000038888327,0.0002773383,0.0000018966653],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000122809,0.00018471328,0.31556767,0.0020839146,0.00015273383,1.5573002e-7,0.43816257,0.0048609376,0.05429004,0.15131399,0.030261317,0.0031096654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015616033,0.00013693218,0.14248091,0.0013397731,0.00019402827,0.000004187995,0.08177473,0.021079754,0.028857196,0.0010579757,0.7195288,0.0019841064],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01037137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043438533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6892675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007059727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005428841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036845476","doi":"10.5430/wje.v10n3p47","title":"Teaching of the Subject of Solids Through Problem-Based Learning Approach","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Analysis of covariance; Psychology; Test (biology); Teaching method; Achievement test; Subject (documents); Scale (ratio); Data collection; Control (management); Process (computing); Science education; Mathematics; Computer science; Standardized test; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.033796820332781495,"score_gpt":0.3237609377054324,"score_spread":0.28996411737265093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036845476","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5317202,0.0023547767,0.0189354,0.042551387,0.0013384585,0.0009073039,0.0000019777815,0.0000488941,0.40214157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877112,0.000012404971,0.011028331,0.00032095358,0.000389459,0.000002266714,8.701119e-7,0.000008092134,0.0005264061],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99823844,0.0007566455,0.0004048379,0.00008121815,0.0003850183,0.00013382928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856746,0.0001668665,0.0009262711,0.000071542534,0.00021355848,0.00005430409],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016698036,0.0000669855,0.00017778593,0.000091836286,0.00029685948,0.000023473176,0.00031113208,0.000035129626,0.000043782853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006613657,0.000049748436,0.00013341848,0.00057050976,0.00011006384,0.0002842719,0.000018421742,0.0005388861,7.837068e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028452696,0.0010572878,0.2448705,0.00087974226,0.00015068716,7.4108874e-7,0.51304126,0.033455417,0.015033856,0.077281035,0.005922287,0.10802263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026230088,0.0012645689,0.022415757,0.0026145282,0.0005182805,0.000014048693,0.11494537,0.0020702267,0.014603259,0.013117903,0.8249682,0.00084486254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007450882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044741068,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8190459,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058471604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016347817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29000327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042038035","doi":"10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2019-0304","title":"Inovando no pensar e no agir científico: o método de Design Thinking para a enfermagem","year":2020,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"Escola Anna Nery","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Psychology","score_opus":0.15332059064459938,"score_gpt":0.34785277395079534,"score_spread":0.19453218330619595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3042038035","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18186925,0.01705231,0.12682025,0.07344294,0.013525882,0.01084751,0.00020719628,0.0045537343,0.5716809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550006,0.00087105774,0.005325625,0.017489351,0.0040106364,0.00008040245,0.000028483555,0.00014034826,0.017053543],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99375725,0.0020972711,0.00065430964,0.00094935275,0.0010184308,0.0015234173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99747825,0.0006538825,0.00042143185,0.00037845667,0.00035141496,0.00071657606],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003435033,0.0005229422,0.0006269592,0.00016835668,0.0017828504,0.00090123556,0.0011105458,0.0004591658,0.0019010502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017469326,0.0005484978,0.0003352358,0.0013788873,0.0002924249,0.00082945125,0.0003417645,0.001268187,0.0052241203],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002102684,0.0007847293,0.014839431,0.0012338152,0.0005677924,0.0015418798,0.5770197,0.003774417,0.0310546,0.0068947477,0.33274552,0.027440699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002254568,0.001227592,0.0019071866,0.00070931984,0.00025167604,0.00001618978,0.010590745,0.022686752,0.0013036331,0.00079942995,0.95635676,0.0018961332],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005241972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000042136584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7731313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002136881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001528233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996967},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3080116081","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_376_19","title":"Perception, knowledge, and attitude of problem-based learning among dental college students in India: A closed-ended questionnaire study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Likert scale; Curriculum; Medical education; Context (archaeology); Problem-based learning; Scale (ratio); Population; Perception; Closed-ended question; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.03199043785449897,"score_gpt":0.3748015937437981,"score_spread":0.34281115588929917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3080116081","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997476,0.000839835,0.000028137563,0.0005969903,0.00007723892,0.00034435833,0.0000015382442,0.0000127507265,0.00062316714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990893,0.000298661,0.00038167555,0.00009018027,0.00010999817,0.000004252679,2.6080957e-7,0.0000042719907,0.000021416312],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99766356,0.00072893157,0.00049805857,0.00021932076,0.000660304,0.00022982703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990683,0.00015560414,0.00041572977,0.000025911866,0.00013715542,0.00019726269],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037890475,0.000118962496,0.00026786362,0.00026697243,0.0006045236,0.00012796013,0.00035293167,0.00004279214,0.000032310327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000273907,0.000096023316,0.00004661895,0.0008561408,0.00071933365,0.0005617461,0.00007424699,0.00038441652,0.0000010465895],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010633984,0.00031541084,0.96362776,0.000050908988,0.000018629074,0.000022393217,0.03183098,0.00011562149,0.0012072413,0.00010346156,0.000025998355,0.0025752557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004179127,0.001368996,0.938144,0.00028187816,0.00006556814,0.00000676983,0.05364213,0.0009350944,0.00021057716,0.0001090681,0.00084168575,0.00021510213],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003490952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00054685114,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02548376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046125584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046874685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46495676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083632032","doi":"10.59236/td2020vol13iss1483","title":"Trying Team-Based Learning in Two Classrooms","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transformative Dialogues Teaching and Learning Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.03668141753444827,"score_gpt":0.32144764636919726,"score_spread":0.284766228834749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3083632032","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7626061,0.0009903557,0.13269217,0.013015399,0.00027438297,0.0004575882,0.0000027906187,0.00061410887,0.08934713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954643,0.00017870674,0.0028556075,0.00083392026,0.00045121863,0.000006824858,0.000012565281,0.000028418985,0.00016843807],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9924742,0.0056334604,0.00050049595,0.000258839,0.00045709335,0.00067594205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99839705,0.00087566976,0.00024406695,0.00004353097,0.00006259197,0.00037709132],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007518368,0.00023663227,0.0003704684,0.00025986292,0.003907316,0.00042854543,0.00023499841,0.00010847123,0.00010387954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024316972,0.00022517034,0.00013313272,0.00032300406,0.00019898832,0.00085516885,0.000018456425,0.0071025137,0.000025164674],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017639007,0.000045165776,0.06740058,0.00006607311,0.00003498391,0.000030832693,0.65225875,0.033376157,0.00039373923,0.0019141821,0.00007703373,0.24422613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008896952,0.0014785696,0.008329329,0.001130342,0.00011076682,0.00005260924,0.24116178,0.09140727,0.000109223554,0.0011453957,0.6446156,0.0015621424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00093635387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017222368,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6445386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012333988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030706724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99738944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088021117","doi":"10.1525/abt.2020.82.7.447","title":"Virtual Exchange with Problem-Based Learning: Practicing Analogy Development with Diverse Partners","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Biology Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Construct (python library); Mathematics education; The Internet; Phone; Computer science; Sociology; World Wide Web; Psychology; Epistemology","score_opus":0.05184545154406156,"score_gpt":0.3336769637546102,"score_spread":0.28183151221054864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3088021117","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9440327,0.00007504561,0.00822773,0.028445609,0.000027360498,0.00050994306,0.0000010534911,0.00032386679,0.018356679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918177,0.000015251227,0.0038760994,0.003439668,0.0001348035,0.000057082452,0.000011288333,0.000020850426,0.0006272718],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974464,0.0013840012,0.00014206316,0.00034273855,0.00018706438,0.0004977004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905294,0.00027248636,0.00034233296,0.000120239965,0.00006036983,0.00015163813],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009291691,0.00017157098,0.0002657849,0.00005435725,0.0007881567,0.00003592179,0.0002977835,0.00005273334,0.00025195978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018302735,0.00010074896,0.000028406295,0.0006048179,0.0014418702,0.00009058191,0.000056732595,0.0005260715,0.00006021578],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016704736,0.00012912611,0.59344923,0.000018203178,0.00035613708,0.000041638206,0.22625917,0.0023729037,0.00083349185,0.0020173003,0.0011973261,0.171655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010711615,0.0036654305,0.008710391,0.00003133403,0.00010559988,0.000004555142,0.0866882,0.0002576227,0.00018704931,0.000024024615,0.89868665,0.00056797493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028358116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011645509,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8974893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000083221035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006176612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6061944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3093459977","doi":"10.1097/mop.0000000000000962","title":"Improving pediatric problem-based learning sessions in undergraduate and graduate medical education","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Current Opinion in Pediatrics","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Session (web analytics); Medical education; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.10177644288214947,"score_gpt":0.42918903426631366,"score_spread":0.3274125913841642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3093459977","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000012237779,0.9929928,0.00039609155,0.0009815177,0.0039576525,0.0012377664,0.0000087313265,0.00013128162,0.00028188774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00015368049,0.9957769,0.0003678245,0.000021732081,0.0030622515,0.0002993635,0.00023191173,0.00005792635,0.000028402426],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99432117,0.0019598592,0.001132721,0.0008214382,0.0010747855,0.00069000386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973973,0.0010295506,0.00081619533,0.0001690693,0.00009564599,0.00049226],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027733447,0.0004593693,0.0010111984,0.0013466879,0.00042706102,0.00018496881,0.0004985592,0.00057134434,0.000032324584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004542817,0.00044973046,0.00020062618,0.0035995904,0.000105565225,0.0002563329,0.00020870853,0.0030347032,0.000034239827],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027599572,0.0001369671,0.0065519186,0.026164092,0.0000022993538,0.0000024274739,0.0008455582,0.000019589166,1.140973e-9,0.00064227544,0.0009829234,0.9646492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035919095,0.00004130745,0.000047890157,0.0056381943,0.000116175266,0.0000018647435,0.00020648174,0.0004199685,3.0996021e-9,0.00039501867,0.99224144,0.0005324564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006051337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000100551006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9912585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048400415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.016298216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094276925","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.12525/v1","title":"A Cross-sectional Study Investigating Learning Approaches in Undergraduate Medical Education","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square (Research Square)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Mathematics education; Computer science; Undergraduate education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.29957497818458423,"score_gpt":0.5229854600542854,"score_spread":0.22341048186970114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3094276925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92433304,0.0019001871,0.0002051498,0.00832288,0.0010213997,0.009243244,0.000019128118,0.00038693787,0.054568008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98571813,0.00062802184,0.00032230758,0.000046943038,0.0017941761,0.0024591084,0.00026689947,0.00014582997,0.008618595],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.93540424,0.039517578,0.0015007898,0.0026721745,0.01714185,0.0037633623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9849595,0.008488418,0.0003651699,0.0012650955,0.003424891,0.0014969391],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.12190629,0.00061399647,0.00087810616,0.004299791,0.0043999865,0.0030171257,0.0032715031,0.0017448529,0.0014590054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.061749693,0.0006454575,0.00032628773,0.0052407403,0.002827869,0.00074816437,0.004271791,0.023024255,0.000773153],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011580125,0.0016689263,0.928851,0.0013327678,0.000081903825,0.000060684837,0.0326419,0.007193857,0.000009790752,0.008336093,0.0009362563,0.018771017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031437327,0.0021511263,0.7205889,0.0058688773,0.000020075631,0.000010956638,0.14946063,0.024189785,0.00002674683,0.05830402,0.03417051,0.00206461],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09384277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022956945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20826207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0038788398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04799666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999451},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094706083","doi":"10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2020.2.11104","title":"Project-Based Teaching-Learning Model: Seven Educational Principles for Knowledge Building Skills Development","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Phronesis; Reflexivity; Pedagogy; Grounded theory; Sociology; Qualitative research; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; Epistemology; Psychology; Computer science; Social science","score_opus":0.08459854430644474,"score_gpt":0.36384680666152114,"score_spread":0.2792482623550764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3094706083","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7625682,0.0053792545,0.12889107,0.08591454,0.0010708827,0.0034351244,0.000025428079,0.0002210136,0.012494505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96687126,0.000008634539,0.028778069,0.00044844474,0.00063270895,0.000053717256,0.000008290632,0.000041566618,0.0031573242],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99620336,0.0022045728,0.00041010667,0.00025003872,0.00029946418,0.00063245243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99508137,0.0037798544,0.0004060773,0.000099555196,0.00021431393,0.0004188339],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.020778583,0.00019330232,0.00022698735,0.00018606975,0.02179469,0.000692082,0.0006828103,0.00012345382,0.000015490205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.020922309,0.0001383868,0.0001590517,0.00015292267,0.00020278989,0.00030815302,0.000037523678,0.0039091227,0.0000017651172],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013440753,0.000046326448,0.015889386,0.00025414533,0.00024102785,0.0000013241071,0.5430703,0.18226154,0.00032876595,0.069153085,0.0016128046,0.18700686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075136445,0.00019715607,0.00095698034,0.00045853283,0.00011822931,0.000011482498,0.015730904,0.064592436,0.00006565462,0.002187621,0.91453713,0.0003924927],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032769574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007120834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91292435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002682345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0059209024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3096711512","doi":"","title":"Using the Threshold Concept Framework to Explore Student Learning by PBL in Two UK Medical Schools","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hindsight bias; Transformative learning; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Curriculum; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Social psychology","score_opus":0.055499210926816436,"score_gpt":0.40113304431101016,"score_spread":0.34563383338419373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3096711512","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97986877,0.00083466043,0.0071979254,0.0063939095,0.00089817884,0.0005337103,0.000002460425,0.00019240518,0.004077953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921232,0.00014323348,0.0029577059,0.0023480323,0.0020516017,0.000031089174,0.0000047641574,0.00005798278,0.00028238475],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.994326,0.0014493132,0.00073064864,0.00067241816,0.0016184152,0.0012032209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99770075,0.00091435807,0.0002779676,0.00039420585,0.00022608058,0.00048663688],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0060766414,0.00035402027,0.0004379569,0.00028219266,0.002654177,0.0005854053,0.0013675734,0.00028380897,0.0004138705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030572927,0.0002836433,0.00015684991,0.0013825406,0.00052126904,0.000273852,0.00030732414,0.0025829293,0.00011738744],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020375634,0.00024367712,0.24170487,0.000021017893,0.00020575205,0.00023682449,0.70141375,0.0032997981,0.009857282,0.018699488,0.006390504,0.017723294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00693377,0.0022573855,0.006644146,0.010715062,0.00037078073,0.00013050615,0.6269924,0.011218306,0.012847606,0.027147615,0.28917053,0.005571902],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001526958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007778292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28278002,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032298174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00076018815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3101624700","doi":"10.22329/celt.v13i0.6025","title":"Team Based Learning","year":2020,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Roads University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Humanities; Psychology; Sociology; Library science; Computer science; Philosophy; Geography","score_opus":0.023620095001326863,"score_gpt":0.2860900014861864,"score_spread":0.26246990648485957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3101624700","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13295436,0.007669175,0.008566989,0.049156275,0.0011779938,0.0007794273,0.000008849603,0.0017745399,0.7979124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95276594,0.00033493375,0.0020049335,0.0019416737,0.0010193206,0.00002232861,0.00002613143,0.000096531556,0.0417882],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9917921,0.0051416717,0.00047464078,0.00090635585,0.00064170477,0.0010435205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99700606,0.0017312275,0.000364069,0.00013169182,0.00010572356,0.0006612165],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025325578,0.0004894882,0.00057667884,0.00022973793,0.005508712,0.0005053345,0.00030186021,0.00046951926,0.00090173027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0063428385,0.0005491319,0.00018331279,0.00094978133,0.00039586087,0.0003248732,0.0001120579,0.0056336997,0.00027964666],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006777824,0.0004422542,0.06671279,0.00086185307,0.00030441815,0.00015742944,0.12808178,0.085195765,0.0012836535,0.07985635,0.016851865,0.61957407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012970571,0.0013769169,0.00037293712,0.0006407764,0.000103419254,0.0000049236546,0.005912939,0.106502615,0.00005231605,0.00019087605,0.88284796,0.0006972507],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010141998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004058861,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8659961,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019888177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005122006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107462383","doi":"10.3138/jvme.2019-0127","title":"Multimodal Integration of Active Learning in the Veterinary Classroom","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical education; Active learning (machine learning); Core competency; Medicine; Focus group; Psychology; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.09698731006123087,"score_gpt":0.4133596003836853,"score_spread":0.3163722903224544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3107462383","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758161,0.00016531098,0.0007319618,0.020470342,0.00037625752,0.00011183808,3.286188e-7,0.0000075962676,0.0023202684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976283,0.0001737829,0.00077185786,0.0008119015,0.0005797578,0.000004786835,0.0000026142704,0.000004925721,0.000022075894],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975835,0.001182274,0.00038727044,0.00008220354,0.00063713663,0.00012760781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989333,0.00036837437,0.0003761657,0.000046358902,0.00014295099,0.00013281991],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001920402,0.00006505216,0.00015244354,0.000097270255,0.00011929914,0.000021352123,0.00031082123,0.00009917178,0.00023866899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004387727,0.000047291473,0.00007067206,0.00033424597,0.00011816864,0.00033142616,0.00002318329,0.0006974256,0.0000034212956],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00064282917,0.00034984446,0.0019610813,0.00005407346,0.000016173019,0.00005070523,0.16796987,0.00006047228,0.006976135,0.00064702553,0.0006708951,0.8206009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030965665,0.016599465,0.13699828,0.0018555336,0.000090076006,0.0004435998,0.39448008,0.0044176383,0.00048530372,0.0014788364,0.43954173,0.0005128733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024967937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016851604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.820088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007839501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016760781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5252836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107795159","doi":"10.1002/nse2.20030","title":"A tour of wood product manufacturing facilities in British Columbia as an example of experiential learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural sciences education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Punctuality; Experiential learning; Product (mathematics); Marketing; Medical education; Business; Psychology; Engineering management; Engineering; Mathematics education; Transport engineering; Medicine","score_opus":0.02947120982648051,"score_gpt":0.3094972916528657,"score_spread":0.2800260818263852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3107795159","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99537057,0.00041701156,0.0000049187247,0.0003035341,0.00032320525,0.00021975888,0.0000012005534,0.000028667642,0.0033311173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981358,0.000022794076,0.00065029657,0.000048491624,0.00016090808,0.000012763793,0.0000057941493,0.0000031445659,0.0009599935],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855155,0.00027906266,0.00022067451,0.00030093035,0.00042155012,0.0002262218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999561,0.000065327695,0.0001546483,0.00005812755,0.00008751624,0.00007337638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008791042,0.000050076742,0.00012814402,0.000057269524,0.00039068967,0.00019407617,0.00027989878,0.00004275615,0.00046820848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006076677,0.00007012399,0.00003255482,0.00053622614,0.00034580895,0.00070562004,0.000031768723,0.00018391137,0.0000021754831],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002556855,0.00018877562,0.13124762,0.00016418497,0.0000069373614,0.0000011591031,0.44248828,0.00036477804,0.008131682,0.00078779494,0.0004687356,0.41612446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064698345,0.0010045721,0.12877038,0.00036955974,0.00001707953,0.0000071358672,0.76202875,0.00038221362,0.02849338,0.002970141,0.07458152,0.00072830607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.51326704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14477403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41539618,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046426117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00087595894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8708316},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110356604","doi":"10.5539/ies.v13n12p70","title":"Using the Problem-Based Learning in STEM Teaching About Bamboo Toothpick Houses","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Teaching method; Mathematics education; Teaching and learning center; Process (computing); Problem-based learning; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.18290884054885975,"score_gpt":0.4520302332639429,"score_spread":0.2691213927150832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3110356604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75258213,0.006395421,0.010221357,0.1521462,0.0033482134,0.0010333417,0.0000055990017,0.00047773813,0.073789984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98998666,0.00011205224,0.004940681,0.002889115,0.00058370095,0.000060244718,0.0000033925476,0.000012724012,0.0014114376],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985625,0.00042248607,0.0002491792,0.0002080386,0.00037201215,0.00018578624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989452,0.00040441973,0.00016623386,0.00005567699,0.0003827536,0.000045742512],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096297666,0.000098991724,0.00012389022,0.00010147939,0.0007501382,0.00014235283,0.0002797085,0.000037233902,0.000050627434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011310795,0.0000809039,0.000047908503,0.00023116148,0.00012760144,0.0002658353,0.000056080677,0.0003617594,0.000018090299],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006513471,0.00020523166,0.43337485,0.000095469644,0.00019373617,0.000003446732,0.3066225,0.041406434,0.00041487662,0.04178555,0.0055947322,0.17023803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028917895,0.00003473506,0.0028059096,0.00026165685,0.000019641346,7.83456e-7,0.10331578,0.0017996447,0.00008003424,0.00079257594,0.8903819,0.00021820652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017627592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88478714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025312204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007747271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57695323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3111249925","doi":"10.18260/1-2--32796","title":"Experiential Student Learning through Collaborative Simulated Bidding Competition","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University; Northern Alberta Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Bidding; Experiential learning; Competition (biology); Curriculum; Process (computing); Set (abstract data type); Knowledge management; Computer science; Business; Marketing; Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.033202719376402026,"score_gpt":0.3577887409177766,"score_spread":0.3245860215413746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3111249925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5074831,0.000215952,0.014536495,0.009942564,0.00040531348,0.0006780931,0.0000029934163,0.00094311114,0.46579233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99741364,0.000036464782,0.0008250605,0.00081831357,0.00026630875,0.000006310314,0.0000110451465,0.000010178302,0.00061268493],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99854493,0.0004738041,0.00015790947,0.00022289631,0.00034901188,0.00025145485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952114,0.00012817049,0.00007680904,0.000043354084,0.00012979069,0.00010074439],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029314638,0.00008910895,0.00012931037,0.00002406402,0.0010147141,0.00016349122,0.00013627198,0.00006726893,0.0024353557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025580247,0.00008764816,0.00003865227,0.00066172046,0.00009858226,0.00035762286,0.00005087426,0.00020461135,0.00012232643],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006658338,0.00005277088,0.0073661203,0.000012301612,0.000044777196,0.000014510013,0.840144,0.012713762,0.0031004213,0.13449125,0.00049871503,0.0014947776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000859162,0.00027909785,0.0003056585,0.000027690334,0.00001856147,1.8167411e-7,0.3931953,0.0027925577,0.0012457666,0.0002740606,0.6006647,0.00033731989],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005333704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010612071,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60016596,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055690845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014216191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99847656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112047051","doi":"10.54530/jcmc.180","title":"EVALUATION OF TUTOR PERFORMANCE IN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING: RATING THE SKILL ON STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chitwan Medical College","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Likert scale; Medicine; Perspective (graphical); Facilitator; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Rating scale; Scale (ratio); Mathematics education; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.04224657217931461,"score_gpt":0.3731429031436321,"score_spread":0.3308963309643175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3112047051","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9537105,0.00019715028,0.00009145136,0.024088573,0.00013286354,0.00043442,0.0000010983053,0.000010383179,0.021333547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986484,0.000036627865,0.00023584026,0.0006706492,0.00035828893,0.0000064569676,2.7274547e-7,0.000007380248,0.000036090205],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99291766,0.0018451917,0.0005083172,0.0001193719,0.0044086482,0.00020081636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99802536,0.0005606524,0.0005185855,0.00005438107,0.0006540783,0.00018692472],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.016796496,0.0000876653,0.00024001073,0.00010958319,0.00029787258,0.000028105516,0.000479626,0.00009032634,0.00033686467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011506038,0.000058461872,0.00008892922,0.00061945943,0.00016254991,0.00014721301,0.00003212848,0.00096352765,0.00000379754],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022996485,0.0017289618,0.3430184,0.0002730306,0.00038476233,0.00015732554,0.44714797,0.053856265,0.0004920047,0.01833176,0.0027907214,0.12951915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.040339835,0.017487913,0.35250476,0.0071981144,0.0009372683,0.000041108775,0.3287786,0.14926782,0.0030324666,0.0048811226,0.094047785,0.0014832255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054318843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000114402224,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12803593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026242543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028446508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99682045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3113439714","doi":"10.29173/pandpr29442","title":"Moral Complexities of Student Question-Asking in Classroom Practice","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Phenomenology & Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Situated; Epistemology; Phenomenon; Value (mathematics); Context (archaeology); Psychology; Sociology; Interpretation (philosophy); Philosophy","score_opus":0.09095344330216648,"score_gpt":0.40596329170928763,"score_spread":0.31500984840712115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3113439714","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06213918,0.002924964,0.0013537307,0.21740113,0.00043705726,0.00072359305,0.000006544406,0.00022518804,0.7147886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98509914,0.00031204402,0.009240011,0.0049420088,0.00025863346,0.000025122183,0.0000046873824,0.000014670887,0.00010371103],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961547,0.00234011,0.00040617163,0.00030637791,0.00038861355,0.00040399813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99626046,0.0027634308,0.0004983175,0.0001436981,0.00023041757,0.00010364603],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024962171,0.00012637007,0.00027637332,0.00010910916,0.00028408752,0.000060692288,0.00035458745,0.000119594406,0.00022526007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006521484,0.00014215047,0.00003669665,0.0005323105,0.0003338035,0.0012678254,0.00012707959,0.00058471924,0.00008485922],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045386518,0.00036560307,0.031004187,0.00003935787,0.00011039752,0.000064327294,0.18327275,0.0005350162,0.00023451017,0.77829635,0.00024765785,0.005375952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013470547,0.0007250825,0.0070071276,0.000056912853,0.00017137037,0.000014938281,0.35514098,0.00020098605,0.00004704067,0.015444308,0.6194251,0.00041904597],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004492435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047441875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9229599,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015025411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040215382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78072965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3116184326","doi":"10.5539/ies.v14n1p28","title":"Comparing the Views on Problem-Based Learning from Medical Education Students in Zhengzhou University in China and the University of Bristol in the UK","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; China; Open university; Mathematics education; Higher education; Medicine; Distance education","score_opus":0.06539537149557324,"score_gpt":0.3699437667862471,"score_spread":0.30454839529067385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3116184326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9392817,0.00065722206,0.000046466073,0.054980036,0.00018337558,0.00029053114,8.046651e-7,0.0000063115044,0.0045535704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985067,0.00042731574,0.00006172919,0.00081764755,0.000056680718,0.000004299517,0.000006047218,0.000001895107,0.00011768366],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982975,0.00092879107,0.00014276379,0.00013800767,0.00041579182,0.000077144905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990979,0.0005890039,0.00012849938,0.000053115145,0.000109479144,0.00002203115],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015246558,0.000056948276,0.000119380464,0.00008042237,0.00026394732,0.000025905307,0.00047381135,0.000029222005,0.00004203763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011538578,0.000038738723,0.00002393679,0.00032847674,0.000277495,0.00008200961,0.00007422241,0.0003095383,0.0000032523355],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000117321324,0.00013998787,0.7479675,0.000007887469,0.000019072757,8.143274e-7,0.23891303,0.0006589546,8.134446e-7,0.0069208946,0.0004980711,0.0047556562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011101712,0.000019483332,0.71082,0.00024795838,0.000012034246,1.4534064e-7,0.24226703,0.0009131677,9.841776e-7,0.0009770782,0.043564163,0.000067793866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025093881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027484393,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05922502,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016682142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059328304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9902615},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3118603511","doi":"10.1111/medu.14455","title":"When I say … pedagogy","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Pedagogy; Psychology; Zone of proximal development; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.018922566339898438,"score_gpt":0.39640895835387835,"score_spread":0.37748639201397993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3118603511","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.030623222,0.0018808394,0.0014665583,0.3607113,0.002584222,0.00011369813,4.4408299e-7,0.00011756538,0.60250217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83995587,0.0005382599,0.0036796767,0.042768404,0.003519172,0.000056059052,0.00006889529,0.000016106114,0.109397545],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998965,0.0002905932,0.00008744511,0.00011411066,0.0003958918,0.00014691682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957675,0.0001007476,0.000024863819,0.00007846804,0.0000954241,0.0001237556],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079029915,0.000031804168,0.00005142206,0.000024536685,0.00021896053,0.000033513374,0.00010027894,0.00008675099,0.01501776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004449938,0.000031508273,0.000022345776,0.00014529219,0.00007349107,0.00007472639,0.000016139946,0.00013706148,0.00019935245],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001934414,0.00015040791,0.0042037284,0.000012913936,0.0000045745082,0.000004522188,0.031398218,3.0193118e-7,0.000026697853,0.04848217,0.17965268,0.7360619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005223542,0.000005060632,0.0008775062,0.000023915309,0.0000036009235,0.0000019216152,0.003997565,0.000009694078,0.00004102628,0.005336466,0.989607,0.000044010347],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016005118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017656096,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80995435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050996972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009162738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123245685","doi":"10.20944/preprints201811.0344.v1","title":"Is &lt;em&gt;hybrid&lt;/em&gt;-PBL Advancing Teaching in Biomedicine? A Systematic Review","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University Medical Centre","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Biomedicine; Mathematics education; Medical education; Perception; Psychology; Medicine; Bioinformatics","score_opus":0.10970024778290564,"score_gpt":0.4108628097071807,"score_spread":0.30116256192427504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123245685","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00016124429,0.9735014,0.00006876816,0.0003029117,0.0006589895,0.0051271175,0.000018765899,0.0002929947,0.019867798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00084447087,0.99341995,0.00025193076,0.00075132144,0.0006786763,0.0007995395,0.000047620557,0.000113841925,0.0030926464],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9880877,0.005176071,0.0025733588,0.0015262559,0.0013587567,0.0012778273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947114,0.0011360989,0.0019651665,0.00161414,0.00017705934,0.00039612516],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.022714298,0.00083725585,0.004213164,0.0007328819,0.00077131146,0.00010237603,0.0019087894,0.0004582639,0.0014667907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010479066,0.00070291903,0.00088139606,0.0013975147,0.00024741396,0.00044472492,0.0006689503,0.0016681321,0.004426881],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003555679,0.00008551826,0.00044631193,0.928034,0.0002194345,0.000065534616,0.0107111195,3.5369098e-7,0.0000053781564,0.0003966629,0.0010374567,0.058994643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000104289364,0.000017776589,0.000010310377,0.44778168,0.00072418986,0.000019093422,0.00030631036,0.0000038798844,0.0000012660126,0.000084684296,0.5504853,0.0004611991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000583382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00072719523,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54944783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009804476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011992574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126745653","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-67209-6_28","title":"Integrated Thinking - A Cross-Disciplinary Project-Based Engineering Education","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Project-based learning; Engineering education; Computer science; Duration (music); Discipline; Engineering management; Engineering; Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.02699278728527009,"score_gpt":0.3398251150657667,"score_spread":0.3128323277804966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3126745653","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0026613148,0.24640451,0.044099934,0.00014283699,0.007637084,0.0023619554,0.000017391958,0.0005340654,0.6961409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6946885,0.018654382,0.015294873,0.00036570444,0.0052099586,0.00022913168,0.0004740928,0.00040662923,0.2646767],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99782956,0.00012914979,0.0006622411,0.0005719643,0.00040288942,0.00040420145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99868935,0.00042470137,0.0003942607,0.000197059,0.00021492211,0.00007968078],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012939505,0.0003368479,0.0004656835,0.00038054187,0.0005505198,0.00043327294,0.00027323674,0.0003183566,0.000031712523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015996242,0.00034716778,0.00009899479,0.00020621104,0.000126512,0.00027158533,0.00011864585,0.0007134448,0.00000685121],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034125427,0.00007698114,0.003990921,0.0033909606,0.000064808366,0.00007007847,0.018061522,0.04086433,0.000013847369,0.7644431,0.00014022616,0.1688491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017721037,0.00007679521,0.000027121212,0.021601327,0.000029402152,0.000014792884,0.0071475036,0.027753236,0.000019346495,0.0020651803,0.940219,0.00086911104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011073443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035652978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94007874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003656216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011019122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999898},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127364451","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-67209-6_26","title":"Problem Based Learning in Finite Element Analysis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Bachelor; Finite element method; Software engineering; Computer science; Engineering education; Engineering management; Software; Problem-based learning; Engineering; Automotive industry; Mathematics education; Mathematics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.021889008323388796,"score_gpt":0.3035931476470118,"score_spread":0.281704139323623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3127364451","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004423213,0.09853195,0.11660033,0.00020473829,0.0008694739,0.001388093,0.000008237662,0.00018810379,0.7817668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8642728,0.01628806,0.003580124,0.00016317306,0.000626049,0.00005949021,0.00013669068,0.00009100072,0.11478265],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970525,0.00038169388,0.0009157322,0.00066186493,0.00048055177,0.0005076689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99825233,0.0008247974,0.0005394703,0.00017410661,0.00011421585,0.00009508243],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024703918,0.00031362026,0.00075616693,0.00075911166,0.00035915515,0.0001965572,0.00022275645,0.00025396238,0.0001502067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001316627,0.00033659008,0.00016703783,0.0005101621,0.00010352327,0.00015132579,0.00010752888,0.00081322936,0.000009357941],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011363645,0.000022713804,0.027493551,0.00039521675,0.0001080993,0.00007298774,0.0043737977,0.74641633,6.207006e-7,0.111819744,0.0000060095235,0.10927957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022315902,0.000070445916,0.00006221753,0.0034853455,0.000115494666,0.0000010256521,0.0036175197,0.094007425,0.000003513432,0.0013482772,0.896441,0.0006245815],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019911118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005634186,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89643496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002977886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024077561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3132688095","doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-9789-3_8","title":"Design Thinking Through Passion-Based Learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Passion; Mathematics education; Computer science; Epistemology; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.06569510187420888,"score_gpt":0.308444609359727,"score_spread":0.24274950748551813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3132688095","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[8.2413897e-7,0.0009979461,0.09998739,0.0020546888,0.00033855822,0.00028833657,8.7739477e-7,0.0004361979,0.8958952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0011072012,0.00062972,0.028907942,0.0019720884,0.0006214433,0.000014372156,0.00004412536,0.00008300036,0.9666201],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99730253,0.00046311383,0.00031641615,0.0005329393,0.0008810974,0.0005038783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99816436,0.0009807459,0.00028003505,0.00024226122,0.00021394272,0.000118658885],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001814648,0.00032039537,0.0003888953,0.00010730735,0.0017785387,0.00028957138,0.00038315632,0.0006696906,0.015936587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035701215,0.0003045953,0.00023167924,0.00009751479,0.00018271121,0.00018675394,0.000082412465,0.0012135742,0.00035878576],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017569948,0.000012156756,0.00003626011,0.000045490655,0.00006203359,0.00010005228,0.007769907,0.001962945,0.000013660435,0.95549977,0.006430748,0.028049434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013370365,0.00005066206,8.390616e-7,0.00047150918,0.00003553134,6.273533e-7,0.000538867,0.00012149603,0.00007637165,0.046890594,0.9512361,0.00044365533],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00080519647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017336183,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9448054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001538983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017422693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134644701","doi":"10.30979/rev.abeno.v21i1.1195","title":"Report of an experience: self-study to foster self-regulated learning for International Dental Degree Program (IDDP) students in Canada","year":2021,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"Revista da ABENO","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Degree program; Psychology; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Philosophy; Medical education; Medicine","score_opus":0.039113223744681944,"score_gpt":0.3733894529970353,"score_spread":0.33427622925235334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3134644701","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957574,0.00024274534,0.000026371232,0.00025118882,0.0008213964,0.0023193706,0.00001580177,0.00007912212,0.00048661235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965279,0.000021874157,0.0012072411,0.00009820134,0.00017165575,0.00022226587,0.00010745258,0.000035964196,0.0016074113],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99539286,0.00076345884,0.0010423057,0.0008119562,0.0013675598,0.0006218589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99807477,0.00015261596,0.0005165455,0.00037957914,0.000602959,0.0002735145],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017759667,0.0002838621,0.0005349226,0.00014546799,0.00037457258,0.00047730116,0.00080566644,0.00009829587,0.00022912926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00070712646,0.0003109002,0.00011260582,0.0010149133,0.000038002698,0.0003438152,0.0003699841,0.0003395668,0.0000048532916],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075990276,0.0017814151,0.89843476,0.0001415672,0.0002173066,0.00069702725,0.08368365,0.00017273289,0.00009411708,0.000023580456,0.00034404403,0.014333793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038876322,0.0021435954,0.47090757,0.000982329,0.00032377365,0.00010687157,0.3532158,0.0029281338,0.00043371244,0.000011542308,0.16363737,0.0014216312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.28697193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7329536,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44598165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012756368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0029395546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999343},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135468991","doi":"10.5539/ass.v17n3p60","title":"The Effects of Applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Theory on the 11th Grade Scientific Stream Students’ Acquisition of the Concepts of Physics and the Development of Their Critical Thinking Skills","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Control (management); Critical thinking; Variables; Test (biology); Psychology; Computer science; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.011307830558334283,"score_gpt":0.31303379199275383,"score_spread":0.30172596143441954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135468991","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740213,0.0005367636,0.0012866457,0.0050802855,0.00048288936,0.0021863424,0.000006712186,0.000029200903,0.016369851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994895,0.000013395916,0.00019156278,0.000108239285,0.00006071645,0.0000729739,6.9769425e-7,0.000007676754,0.000055229277],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.994506,0.0026351428,0.00040249186,0.00029126706,0.0017586467,0.00040643095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9926218,0.0061424575,0.00051728473,0.0002899994,0.0003892047,0.000039295588],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.013518216,0.00013942337,0.00024080611,0.000032872664,0.00794251,0.00025739503,0.0014493108,0.00006158776,0.000008405499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020696023,0.000058885795,0.00014306213,0.001553731,0.012119246,0.00015360297,0.00033854885,0.00037951107,4.530065e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032573334,0.00014779347,0.0032301182,0.00009384936,0.000038505314,2.8852642e-7,0.29916754,0.00003561904,0.009659175,0.5641514,0.0000091101765,0.12343399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017988174,0.00021578214,0.06702142,0.001795277,0.00018879413,0.0000011293113,0.36807993,0.00013006105,0.34987408,0.20889042,0.0015623213,0.0004419704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006163162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000085935586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.355261,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006953666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013409093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993349},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135605721","doi":"10.37571/2021.01012","title":"The Impact of the Project-Based Learning Strategy on Leadership Skills Acquisition among Palestinian Refugees Students in Gaza","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Didactique","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Project-based learning; Mathematics education; Psychology; Control (management); Medical education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.03350705523702313,"score_gpt":0.3791728749234447,"score_spread":0.34566581968642157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135605721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99196655,0.000092410686,0.000012954695,0.0004489611,0.00007384367,0.00038624482,0.0000025311547,0.00003857658,0.006977944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99892676,0.000029870358,0.0000132813075,0.00009750801,0.00007109233,0.00003527138,0.0000069801904,0.000014435322,0.00080481503],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99657816,0.0020514834,0.000244689,0.000232053,0.0004900971,0.00040353302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863064,0.00075120974,0.0002362141,0.00022234724,0.00011194276,0.000047639405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019352044,0.00013379077,0.00015536965,0.00007467437,0.00063569954,0.00018558938,0.00036674025,0.0001422113,0.00005316408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011114188,0.00008395148,0.00014854627,0.00072315184,0.00022010415,0.00015459112,0.000036055615,0.0006238291,0.0000057754705],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006484491,0.00019580228,0.9727269,0.000021598644,0.000027777925,0.00001343022,0.015956774,0.0045723016,0.00082238746,0.00081590697,0.000099240075,0.004683046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004103486,0.00017942539,0.98604506,0.0003071857,0.000008764313,6.5309865e-7,0.008729166,0.00010121432,0.002860468,0.00020345284,0.0010094473,0.00014483288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036971043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004695069,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013318153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020033606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010051334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55889404},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3136894259","doi":"10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11126","title":"A Faculty Development Workshop for Planning and Implementing Interactive Virtual Case-Based Teaching","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MedEdPORTAL","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Ottawa","funders":"University of Illinois at Chicago; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","keywords":"Videoconferencing; Online teaching; Computer science; Interactive Learning; Instructional simulation; Multimedia; Medical education; Interactive video; Virtual learning environment; Virtual reality; Medicine; Human–computer interaction","score_opus":0.06768942831754493,"score_gpt":0.40309308277784356,"score_spread":0.33540365446029863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3136894259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96307474,0.00011859366,0.025028203,0.0006345059,0.00022722411,0.00033231187,0.000018214203,0.00011250693,0.010453671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802496,4.008766e-7,0.017858947,0.00019816574,0.0001516588,0.000058530248,0.00011712816,0.000013422008,0.0013521478],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986714,0.00016539518,0.00023545117,0.00028691013,0.0002070303,0.00043377507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912554,0.000497312,0.00012454476,0.00006397035,0.00007935354,0.00010926788],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013387195,0.00011522795,0.00014818835,0.00006314735,0.0016225997,0.00017637892,0.00006740853,0.00006337845,0.00016133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000786539,0.00011861674,0.000048793645,0.00011043841,0.000047861973,0.00020333435,0.000061778934,0.00024103431,0.0000026842674],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001306895,0.00016098873,0.0684927,0.000099521116,0.000250399,0.003024386,0.37927753,0.00022055875,0.0011314279,0.0066340733,0.004938083,0.53563964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016087769,0.00008003148,0.0012273532,0.00031575415,0.00006388375,0.00017204968,0.30971384,0.0014286869,0.006303251,0.00014391729,0.67831624,0.00062624627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030877953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002350555,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6733781,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000821887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00056848244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996772},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3148855950","doi":"10.29173/iasl8019","title":"Problem-Based Learning in the Field for Schools in Hong Kong: PBL Programs in Kowloon Technical School","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IASL Annual Conference Proceedings","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Mathematics education; Process (computing); Field (mathematics); Pedagogy; Sociology; Computer science; Psychology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.043383869455656456,"score_gpt":0.32856802958727804,"score_spread":0.28518416013162157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3148855950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95347637,0.0002349946,0.0005667714,0.029841727,0.00008113472,0.0025468403,0.0000036237082,0.00023745463,0.013011103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943847,0.00003811888,0.0033622216,0.00093163346,0.00011667593,0.00075381534,0.000012756787,0.00001859222,0.00038145183],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973311,0.00021273598,0.00050879316,0.0005844457,0.00050820364,0.0008547498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986058,0.00047896986,0.00016043802,0.000105260704,0.0005231296,0.00012644086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037794204,0.00022227701,0.0003266945,0.00027391937,0.00032311294,0.0006003884,0.00061214867,0.0003394365,0.00007666342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0057036527,0.00019574165,0.00009062512,0.0017073405,0.00012071796,0.00072824716,0.00008560656,0.0015833012,0.000014196802],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018976981,0.00039364593,0.840681,0.00025397722,0.0000059086765,0.00004019261,0.103784695,0.000066563094,0.0006398685,0.009043235,0.0008066097,0.044094544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00610257,0.002072545,0.09693176,0.0046076593,0.000044763943,0.000016864533,0.7259159,0.002554356,0.0016412475,0.03022229,0.12793992,0.0019501374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019116583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060218265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74374926,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017383521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015089412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7982113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3154890910","doi":"10.24908/iqurcp.11729","title":"12. “The Case of the Castle”: An Application of Experiential Learning at the Bader International Study Center (BISC) in Medical Education","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inquiry Queen s Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Thematic analysis; Psychology; Likert scale; Medical education; Lifelong learning; Reflective practice; Pedagogy; Active learning (machine learning); Qualitative research; Sociology; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.0901167879714978,"score_gpt":0.4475018126765099,"score_spread":0.3573850247050121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3154890910","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9633016,0.000018250577,0.00025575547,0.026293676,0.00030909284,0.0011005407,0.0000015839577,0.000020132444,0.008699389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983032,0.000049026083,0.000026772874,0.00007391464,0.000418513,0.00021780751,0.0000042136403,0.000012740172,0.0008938478],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962251,0.0010679999,0.00041599607,0.00036694118,0.0015141317,0.00040978426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975897,0.0002952688,0.0002551125,0.00022171733,0.0015223138,0.00011587965],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0070059285,0.00011664444,0.00014618693,0.00019111446,0.0012118553,0.00016586162,0.0011413507,0.00011417449,0.00023585199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002124345,0.0000699283,0.000049508082,0.00066929014,0.0027043698,0.0004010831,0.00048550984,0.00077137083,0.000011021218],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002612418,0.0010467278,0.22938341,0.000050767023,0.000059503374,0.000009904421,0.61818475,0.0000060673206,0.0012601133,0.07117148,0.00149212,0.07707391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015591041,0.00091587106,0.010291092,0.0003839093,0.000030357738,0.000114764305,0.91055775,0.005438926,0.0023550508,0.015323148,0.05265347,0.00037656145],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020748485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02239847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29237297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022517562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001423915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3156292438","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24136","title":"Experimenting with labs: Practical and pedagogical considerations for the integration of problem‐based lab instruction in chemical engineering","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Deliverable; Flexibility (engineering); Critical thinking; Autonomy; Computer science; Underpinning; Engineering education; Mathematics education; Engineering management; Engineering; Psychology; Systems engineering","score_opus":0.06888343517531065,"score_gpt":0.3180990712973078,"score_spread":0.24921563612199715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3156292438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.976264,0.0005719978,0.012717203,0.0098958,0.00011419543,0.00026370105,0.0000033702484,0.000013579974,0.00015617901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743742,0.000002655871,0.025443299,0.00004577708,0.00010923978,0.00001077233,0.000001068505,0.000008534362,0.0000044961266],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999285,0.000042079442,0.00024659897,0.00007673415,0.00015394232,0.00019567086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986114,0.00093111076,0.000094066956,0.000058045156,0.00018228785,0.00012308815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007500583,0.00007393607,0.0001339878,0.00006751257,0.00012347508,0.000083837505,0.000067805384,0.00007033479,0.000020044154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021587266,0.000050136085,0.00003759189,0.00020427624,0.00009970103,0.00013762766,0.000007471731,0.00036819937,6.790334e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010358187,0.00004870156,0.0010587141,0.000164116,0.00012901999,0.00006979865,0.03371243,0.053450134,0.7974433,0.10995654,0.00008452637,0.0037791396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002463947,0.00012832652,0.0002606284,0.00091182,0.0001506039,0.0004156552,0.006341108,0.09443489,0.8886752,0.0016716212,0.004105183,0.00044099602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010243397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001385375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10828492,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012471271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012822768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2584353},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3156820454","doi":"10.21083/ajote.v10i1.6281","title":"Effect of Visualised Case-Based Learning Strategy On Students’ Academic Performance in Chemistry in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Teacher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Analysis of covariance; Post hoc; Academic achievement; Psychology; Chemistry; Mathematics; Statistics; Medicine","score_opus":0.017622355111001214,"score_gpt":0.38189258775925566,"score_spread":0.3642702326482544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3156820454","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955318,0.00045100733,0.0000072706925,0.0003136087,0.00012079687,0.00009903719,3.2319e-7,0.000006120323,0.0034700304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993037,0.000067644054,0.00006752126,0.00002895077,0.00017869528,0.00000767939,0.0000030827744,0.000010601942,0.00033215497],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.997242,0.0015121046,0.00045756984,0.00013544098,0.00042841685,0.00022452253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889547,0.00031115508,0.0004901678,0.000082570565,0.00012959017,0.00009103565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004149335,0.0001055176,0.00025735685,0.00022118184,0.00009976726,0.000036399688,0.00021770372,0.000115189,0.00015229908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009453783,0.00010080264,0.0000650098,0.0007361589,0.00006744695,0.00019583212,0.000013330193,0.00094494724,0.0000015623424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017969141,0.00035380322,0.9504017,0.00010374562,0.000015063871,0.00005697682,0.0137516195,0.0016938528,0.005319099,0.000032008076,0.000049543927,0.028042875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009407741,0.0050173244,0.4467513,0.0041093826,0.00023325576,0.00034348725,0.33908647,0.0006022521,0.17673336,0.0001972634,0.01614363,0.0013745284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005824694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010256405,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5036504,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046521446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017217426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41106123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158536959","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2020-0106","title":"The Creation of a Massive, Multi-team Organized (MMO) Course","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Team teaching; Medical education; Team-based learning; Psychology; Faculty development; Higher education; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Engineering; Professional development; Political science; Medicine","score_opus":0.05189599037937535,"score_gpt":0.4189261826799084,"score_spread":0.367030192300533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158536959","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9515643,0.0038303956,0.0015535007,0.03375619,0.002812081,0.00015414787,9.752871e-7,0.000014341372,0.006314076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99487054,0.0013043642,0.0019890482,0.00025574968,0.0005205944,0.0000031538482,0.0000026677562,0.0000061117184,0.001047764],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981358,0.0006582325,0.00037097465,0.000066429035,0.0006407844,0.00012777734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99827707,0.00038144653,0.00043041055,0.00008661289,0.00066055375,0.00016387961],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020779658,0.000050999053,0.00013042837,0.000041208667,0.000299271,0.000037169422,0.00020399668,0.000088052446,0.0006787484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006104222,0.000036659807,0.00006874636,0.00027944098,0.00018170534,0.00017343347,0.000023962277,0.00024982097,0.0000050818035],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005355835,0.002840782,0.012293888,0.00013408247,0.00019548142,0.0001281306,0.051144388,0.00002119231,0.015371232,0.0068759653,0.022800757,0.88765854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022020803,0.0010609524,0.03241243,0.00090809807,0.00014337515,0.00047164995,0.058333207,0.000354514,0.0014039262,0.0013165385,0.90116346,0.00022978413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000110198635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000054306263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88742876,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000831024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0073495074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982779},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158637404","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2020-0042","title":"Self-Assessment of Gram Staining Skill Using Video Recording in a Classroom Environment for Veterinary Nursing Students","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Perception; Medical education; Video recording; Teaching method; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Multimedia; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.07431604949055032,"score_gpt":0.4669748136685951,"score_spread":0.3926587641780448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158637404","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898509,0.0005887017,0.006566464,0.0013371346,0.0011665593,0.00020873906,8.6759303e-7,0.0000078009,0.00027283916],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93749523,0.0005068952,0.06145233,0.000099096505,0.0003954957,0.000011995097,0.000003294842,0.000012881155,0.000022755563],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972298,0.00072112127,0.0006939996,0.00016736353,0.00091414567,0.00027354213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998619,0.0003632183,0.0005565521,0.00009928355,0.00015637529,0.00020552253],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0034455457,0.00010279656,0.00028704348,0.00020909251,0.0002005312,0.000046505596,0.00025125343,0.00012528252,0.00013504621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000729985,0.000106758744,0.00011317525,0.00024082468,0.00007551544,0.00033473966,0.000054215026,0.0003414731,3.3313003e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006013436,0.008287934,0.103161864,0.0007712382,0.00021782791,0.00038277925,0.074468605,0.0006223477,0.013931609,0.0010335359,0.00030857575,0.7962123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016014438,0.022672292,0.24901779,0.03458343,0.0008402112,0.0032891156,0.30504012,0.022663327,0.0007711923,0.0109477015,0.33189484,0.0022655302],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009928038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000070217247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7939468,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011060282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0046390924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8229551},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158654196","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2020-0069","title":"The Use of Adaptive Learning Technology to Enhance Learning in Clinical Veterinary Dermatology","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Test (biology); Medical education; Veterinary medicine; Medical physics; Biology","score_opus":0.12663116477075592,"score_gpt":0.4801378047385565,"score_spread":0.3535066399678006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158654196","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767008,0.0011030234,0.0010257917,0.019709166,0.0009948822,0.00008680503,1.1697766e-7,0.0000145931335,0.00036482952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939668,0.0016006527,0.0034537122,0.0003566868,0.0002516451,0.000008301663,8.2418234e-7,0.000008569954,0.00035278633],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957887,0.002467703,0.0008527167,0.00015597405,0.0004647286,0.0002701698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970197,0.0017067502,0.0005357847,0.00010856282,0.00043140582,0.00019780698],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030963344,0.00008260791,0.00028967648,0.00022139978,0.00029321213,0.000031079486,0.00030587855,0.00024035021,0.00010868045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.024240404,0.000068937115,0.00009188521,0.0006915548,0.00033725717,0.00023264898,0.00011748016,0.0013016058,0.000007293481],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00055723323,0.0004171788,0.03474158,0.00003312686,0.00004219047,0.0004887175,0.0077508125,0.00025299797,0.0017033414,0.0015542107,0.00080226193,0.95165634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034439232,0.0030358813,0.012280813,0.0007881936,0.000018686498,0.0012229058,0.01710846,0.0002721065,0.00022514156,0.00046307352,0.96408325,0.00015709383],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009821928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008085811,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.963281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099590885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00401516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9839788},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3159242052","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2020-0085","title":"Climbing the Integration Ladder: A Case Study on an Interdisciplinary and Case-Based Approach to Teaching General Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology in the Veterinary Curriculum","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Restructuring; Workload; Medical education; Relevance (law); Medicine; Veterinary medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Political science","score_opus":0.07685368787914666,"score_gpt":0.4622815816649562,"score_spread":0.38542789378580955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3159242052","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904939,0.00026060268,0.0003987478,0.007869023,0.00046535133,0.00027570533,8.499102e-7,0.0000062469567,0.00022956447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968235,0.000017175284,0.0012548219,0.0014743927,0.0003783732,0.000034304958,0.00000540554,0.000006409019,0.0000056450326],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99364465,0.005411636,0.0003656935,0.0002184969,0.00016551325,0.00019400843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990158,0.00045788375,0.00017279951,0.00013780154,0.00007848531,0.00013721794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004862493,0.00011071227,0.00019293225,0.00015330779,0.00071734993,0.00008053335,0.00018200053,0.00012267295,0.000009605245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008316549,0.00006821342,0.00003583703,0.00018086092,0.00019498014,0.00016176557,0.00008380345,0.0008075907,3.6682752e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004671019,0.0063917385,0.021531006,0.00006244653,0.000050447867,0.08416422,0.54799813,0.00007304123,0.004270681,0.001143829,0.00070652616,0.33314085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007189482,0.0067846873,0.0071153142,0.00014706708,0.000045578512,0.36397028,0.61858124,0.00064653746,0.0000057185066,0.00016506424,0.0016674846,0.00015209375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00059536804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005613049,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33298877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006837085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005869825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5517348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3159440665","doi":"10.1002/nse2.20047","title":"Lessons learned teaching during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Incorporating change for future large science courses","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural sciences education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Restructuring; Asynchronous learning; Consolidation (business); Asynchronous communication; Online teaching; Online learning; Pandemic; Distance education; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Computer science; Multimedia; Psychology; Synchronous learning; Political science; Cooperative learning; Business; Medicine","score_opus":0.11196020968358938,"score_gpt":0.45722855749771074,"score_spread":0.34526834781412136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3159440665","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84253544,0.0043657585,0.0002891899,0.13897054,0.004734433,0.0009028233,0.0000134058055,0.00021787744,0.007970518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991794,0.0001330816,0.0020620732,0.0023462316,0.0020602378,0.00010283636,0.000011128225,0.0000062164168,0.0014841956],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976125,0.00044255122,0.00017526929,0.00049500394,0.00067720655,0.000597465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987043,0.0004270464,0.00022506385,0.00016378459,0.0002966034,0.00018319798],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007866658,0.000113945534,0.000110182606,0.0001401475,0.012259769,0.0006576901,0.0006967986,0.00008210608,0.000044152217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0042491206,0.00008235886,0.000060895592,0.001535515,0.0008865182,0.0012438599,0.000104522755,0.00044006054,0.000004812928],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019996723,0.00014733948,0.13663714,0.00009041081,0.000009458349,0.0000014910426,0.12302932,0.000057175323,0.010824494,0.45912576,0.00092043396,0.269137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000593691,0.00007891337,0.03437967,0.00013348229,0.0000390676,0.000048502214,0.3796685,0.0011002256,0.0007823487,0.022470929,0.5599891,0.00071553496],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014020664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043431306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5590687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043282524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006191346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99944264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3159464868","doi":"10.36834/cmej.71412","title":"Evaluating and implementing an opportunity for diversity and inclusion in case-based learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Alberta; McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Inclusion (mineral); Curriculum; Resource (disambiguation); Social identity theory; Statement (logic); Social learning; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Political science; Social group","score_opus":0.09242872953627188,"score_gpt":0.42625646054562194,"score_spread":0.33382773100935004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3159464868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98052114,0.00030620178,0.00021913697,0.017700633,0.00017953374,0.00010353244,0.0000014604063,0.000006107114,0.0009622726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99276274,0.000047708487,0.0020301526,0.0048124213,0.00024924558,0.000003926092,0.000009902933,0.000004177656,0.000079706835],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840266,0.00068539515,0.00015635163,0.00012790074,0.0003415512,0.0002861242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99646914,0.0001936993,0.00007678069,0.00003402712,0.0002172786,0.0030090637],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008115834,0.00004749601,0.00007641181,0.00014756764,0.01061295,0.00009096997,0.000080632555,0.000083067716,0.0019771724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.021793429,0.000053124793,0.000014956025,0.00015624378,0.00006974226,0.00018890275,0.00034069025,0.00039697567,1.3626654e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005029724,0.000024775605,0.06153739,0.000023724813,0.000004005349,0.0002194258,0.07242595,0.000014275706,0.000014079759,0.00070019544,0.00029924678,0.8647319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004474472,0.0005202629,0.022112364,0.0009362794,0.000096708856,0.0027846368,0.40533853,0.04147304,0.0000389692,0.018313138,0.5030237,0.0008879382],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.087575115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4037763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.863844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023058726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03804132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99893516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173543615","doi":"10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.604.7","title":"Using Think‐Alouds to Explore Problem‐Solving Procedures for Anatomy Students","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The FASEB Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Rubric; Think aloud protocol; Protocol analysis; Psychology; Session (web analytics); Mathematics education; Cognition; Qualitative research; Multiple choice; Medical education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Medicine; Cognitive science","score_opus":0.07213683620012584,"score_gpt":0.3847875616987745,"score_spread":0.31265072549864864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3173543615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98738825,0.00024381417,0.0033199983,0.0015061704,0.00048029065,0.0011466776,0.000002114576,0.000057358,0.005855299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99082476,0.000036325833,0.0063271536,0.00066541997,0.0006243697,0.000013505933,8.390902e-7,0.00002294941,0.0014846496],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981021,0.0002809985,0.00024675793,0.00017692882,0.0006569719,0.00053623563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991213,0.0001903513,0.00018736938,0.00013948676,0.00018081212,0.00018065784],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032238762,0.0001260695,0.00016342143,0.000107461,0.0016682345,0.0005054563,0.0007546902,0.000067735906,0.00017766107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030834615,0.000087174136,0.00010747758,0.00031527728,0.000055501412,0.00036599062,0.000091083144,0.0003537886,0.000054108445],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000493699,0.00024486342,0.16301376,0.00026692345,0.00035060622,0.000021731414,0.7247459,0.008595643,0.06366112,0.013625354,0.008932765,0.016047593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0100998385,0.0024996034,0.0125385905,0.004769267,0.00065342523,0.00042137297,0.62969184,0.004893199,0.023792896,0.080146044,0.22688131,0.0036126284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021349109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000099359,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21794854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015939544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060023525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99963146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3174587224","doi":"10.18260/1-2-1114-36456","title":"Implementing Social Learning Strategies: Team Testing (Presented at NMW Section Meeting)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Cambridge; Oregon State University","keywords":"Section (typography); Computer science; Special section; Engineering; Engineering physics; Operating system","score_opus":0.04413305261000569,"score_gpt":0.3418590858085085,"score_spread":0.29772603319850277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3174587224","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27594236,0.000072799805,0.0007757485,0.0007729134,0.00021988795,0.00012755016,8.698522e-7,0.0004752704,0.72161263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9797781,0.000014364909,0.0020748093,0.00011612823,0.0011967797,0.000014149329,0.000021320826,0.000021666467,0.016762694],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99726045,0.000827703,0.0002933618,0.00035334274,0.00045652647,0.0008086144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884564,0.0005055307,0.00018672322,0.000077229044,0.00029805,0.00008685094],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023282098,0.00013203392,0.00016185442,0.00007203025,0.005172834,0.000411097,0.00013189709,0.00012650204,0.0014437003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016064524,0.00014402354,0.00008642013,0.00084998435,0.00008309068,0.00041729907,0.00021910924,0.00040234224,0.000047988997],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006768258,0.00020244817,0.49730796,0.00025103267,0.0002387061,0.00009592051,0.16708447,0.002898052,0.17669137,0.044656638,0.01540021,0.09510552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062486174,0.000067455665,0.0037732797,0.00007799226,0.00004106565,0.000009585144,0.2578517,0.0018375363,0.0033066412,0.00092278625,0.7309859,0.00050124037],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007833146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0113206925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71558565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021841224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000598224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994691},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3175987921","doi":"10.1109/istas50296.2020.9462174","title":"The Place of Wicked Problems in Engineering Problem Solving: A Proposed Taxonomy","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Taxonomy (biology); Computer science; Process (computing); Management science; Engineering education; Key (lock); Curriculum; Software engineering; Engineering management; Engineering; Programming language","score_opus":0.03447204761934354,"score_gpt":0.24600138230621998,"score_spread":0.21152933468687646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3175987921","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21249293,0.0027759422,0.03835458,0.08657797,0.0005300311,0.015776023,0.000007135787,0.0016108268,0.64187455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944715,0.000044168402,0.0046423613,0.0001135653,0.000070133035,0.00006945149,8.1425935e-7,0.0000116038855,0.0005764005],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879694,0.00015276649,0.00027682696,0.00017856984,0.00024098784,0.00035390203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999387,0.0002778661,0.00010060846,0.00009053301,0.00005093292,0.00009302258],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011674915,0.000093895505,0.00014469224,0.00004240498,0.00021772241,0.000058949663,0.00031307345,0.00006281791,0.00006412981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041242133,0.00006836082,0.000043728127,0.0005712828,0.00014311243,0.00016854714,0.000053717933,0.00022194389,0.000012476722],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028303015,0.00031796942,0.0797406,0.0017640721,0.00018274553,0.000020153631,0.5211749,0.06639881,0.023510441,0.24841651,0.006542252,0.0516485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017697841,0.00038935203,0.0008518477,0.0003445794,0.000020246418,9.630589e-7,0.033593416,0.028110905,0.0035311035,0.00091910746,0.9297909,0.0006777914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015186613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013415036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92324865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049525974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036952607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27876735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3176652005","doi":"10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.720.9","title":"An Exercise to Transfer Learning to Novel Situations: The Student Perspective","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The FASEB Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Mathematics education; Class (philosophy); Transfer of learning; Computer science; Process (computing); Transfer of training; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Knowledge management","score_opus":0.03856760717719082,"score_gpt":0.35867631879302164,"score_spread":0.3201087116158308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3176652005","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93912786,0.00052209874,0.029046824,0.01921545,0.0004659799,0.0006107723,0.0000029160042,0.000057285808,0.010950799],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969236,0.0000677072,0.0004370565,0.0008426572,0.00095131155,0.000021184193,3.9970234e-7,0.00001127075,0.00074481475],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99823207,0.00057074113,0.00014402016,0.00010125234,0.0005169346,0.0004350044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917233,0.00018613815,0.000036369234,0.00012937706,0.0001645664,0.0003112115],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004476417,0.00008915021,0.00009741778,0.000077394594,0.002893491,0.00029364278,0.0005109951,0.00003536861,0.0004079668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002299962,0.00005119825,0.00006833935,0.00038199054,0.000070545044,0.0003680151,0.000028172472,0.00053456303,0.00024599762],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005334752,0.00015330284,0.0033293243,8.980092e-7,0.000028574232,0.0000013584072,0.9522899,0.0054455344,0.012168005,0.013555248,0.0002313987,0.01274312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057594676,0.00031289182,0.0179959,0.00009122455,0.00012498794,0.000034285684,0.9440417,0.00008499643,0.0017557399,0.00078027614,0.033873126,0.000328919],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00069427415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022427137,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.057795726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018332017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001611161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984046},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3180756272","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi0.14837","title":"STUDENT CONCERNS FOR ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE ACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS DURING COVID-19","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Feeling; Thematic analysis; Psychology; Context (archaeology); Student engagement; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Active learning (machine learning); Coding (social sciences); Medical education; Mathematics education; Social psychology; Qualitative research; Computer science; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.0209490049719246,"score_gpt":0.31052267571821995,"score_spread":0.28957367074629536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3180756272","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830899,0.00011516948,0.000027679516,0.012003004,0.00068858225,0.0006992035,0.000029886682,0.00004513255,0.0033014147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99278873,0.000046609657,0.00043981892,0.0003180088,0.0002032541,0.000105570754,0.000020055584,0.000017389193,0.0060605644],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988684,0.00004765892,0.0002169913,0.00019664237,0.0003353779,0.0003349302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991381,0.0001569176,0.00026899634,0.00004755019,0.00016870785,0.00021973356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010383587,0.000094654744,0.00012893231,0.00017565797,0.0005962609,0.00008463367,0.00020604263,0.0001089393,0.000063480766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004795909,0.000109471424,0.00006363392,0.0004063856,0.00001881409,0.00018293023,0.000031932097,0.00029498426,0.0000019031397],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013083305,0.0002741726,0.84223443,0.00040114988,0.00017362743,6.283153e-7,0.11250046,0.017573303,0.007555789,0.013994496,0.0025460622,0.0027327952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090818526,0.000022649954,0.47734284,0.00017276253,0.00005600021,6.901535e-7,0.044128023,0.00040589267,0.0035842948,0.00025793782,0.47275558,0.00036514565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015547961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06002533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4702095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00699312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022275494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99681884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3187142604","doi":"10.18260/1-2--37008","title":"Effect of Evolving Design Requirements on Students' Motivation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access Proceedings","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Gannon University; American Society for Engineering Education; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Human–computer interaction","score_opus":0.10983523690631837,"score_gpt":0.3864610022933701,"score_spread":0.27662576538705175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3187142604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97766197,0.00028144137,0.003481694,0.00083188934,0.0007877478,0.0013870675,0.000025251176,0.00026106063,0.01528186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968476,0.00010891863,0.00004611286,0.00010012077,0.00026935653,0.00011230908,0.000011218073,0.00002577227,0.0024785611],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99693507,0.00028138066,0.00045992024,0.0005834346,0.0012500632,0.0004901228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997785,0.0008523155,0.0002107029,0.00010201594,0.00089201523,0.00015795477],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035491628,0.00028183238,0.0003653628,0.00036211978,0.00041656647,0.0013010385,0.0009472268,0.00016504271,0.00079315674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029306393,0.00023657274,0.00012090271,0.0008343273,0.00021717792,0.0027316697,0.00022988871,0.0003873466,0.00007775781],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0028899945,0.00072866655,0.15733913,0.0017624395,0.00082824565,0.00006470164,0.16074021,0.000112302,0.03653415,0.13382505,0.019415295,0.48575982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01667538,0.06716276,0.08354097,0.04225298,0.0021853026,0.000016391909,0.22491601,0.022101915,0.45975965,0.012313057,0.059688754,0.009386823],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057936506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012325713,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47637302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018514082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003022532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997357},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3188114177","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v11n2p84","title":"Reflections on Active Teaching and Learning of Research Methodology from Undergraduates’ and Instructor’s Perspectives","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Active learning (machine learning); Feeling; Reflection (computer programming); Task (project management); Mathematics education; Psychology; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.10249392346610976,"score_gpt":0.45569452158875284,"score_spread":0.3532005981226431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3188114177","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9068214,0.0034788195,0.000112746544,0.00085855415,0.00023671523,0.00004707217,0.0000028596737,0.000015890862,0.088425905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861241,0.00039775262,0.011833858,0.000030264633,0.0006407928,7.603056e-7,0.0000010302366,0.000008762839,0.0009626619],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9935104,0.005633427,0.000195352,0.00015513889,0.00031415094,0.00019149702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944625,0.0046311608,0.00019186678,0.000067524044,0.00055591454,0.0000910304],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0048293583,0.000067704896,0.00022054439,0.0003815741,0.00067929283,0.000067039146,0.000091935086,0.00005786518,0.00009826061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.023364052,0.00006262619,0.000048088794,0.00040127907,0.00027481734,0.00021790962,0.000054253294,0.0018222498,3.0561415e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009979019,0.000040804513,0.001264946,0.000011106837,0.00008715765,0.000050978717,0.91498274,0.000026401261,0.0063460805,0.04072424,0.000061142426,0.036304638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042032136,0.0001618875,0.0021092817,0.00017592635,0.000026103211,0.0000064670717,0.97657204,0.0000038229905,0.0020327703,0.0036985925,0.014713236,0.00007955256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024410684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033052003,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08746324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000915485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022633559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98486257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3188365744","doi":"10.5430/jct.v10n3p1","title":"Tackling Problem-Solving Through the Curriculum and Community Enterprise for Environmental Restoration Project","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Curriculum and Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Environmental restoration; Environmental education; Environmental planning; Political science; Engineering; Management science; Sociology; Environmental resource management; Pedagogy; Environmental science","score_opus":0.02043412377219254,"score_gpt":0.31566363264317837,"score_spread":0.2952295088709858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3188365744","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.982712,0.0031145562,0.0062166876,0.0014018413,0.0002542786,0.00035331244,0.0000040893683,0.000018620169,0.0059246137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905765,0.00060618814,0.008163052,0.00013565161,0.00036938817,0.0000070368533,0.000004223004,0.000010263887,0.00012766766],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972345,0.0017872652,0.00034990197,0.000116443545,0.000277192,0.0002347003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988768,0.0004940459,0.00040996025,0.000096188545,0.000061929335,0.00006109191],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0041466514,0.0001155666,0.00019384026,0.000050429928,0.0031390192,0.00030202128,0.00015975379,0.00007124092,0.0000074377194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007551129,0.0000807683,0.000090592395,0.00007521881,0.00013193935,0.00078370335,0.00008856601,0.001039944,2.6923888e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007391267,0.0012626332,0.21509501,0.00037943575,0.0002663998,0.000052077725,0.57879144,0.00021639667,0.0051592523,0.02619496,0.003259491,0.169249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024635263,0.0009366243,0.0040025464,0.0013636507,0.00036560957,0.00043035584,0.6425578,0.002116256,0.00027578796,0.010411724,0.33439615,0.0006799343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012454226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000279305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33113667,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007708341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015300637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99815875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3191313529","doi":"10.18260/1-2--37609","title":"Project Based Capstone Design Projects Amidst Covid-19 Restrictions","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access Proceedings","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Army Research Laboratory; Defence and Security Accelerator; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Military Academy; U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Capstone; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Computer science; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Engineering management; Systems engineering; Engineering; Computer security; Virology; Medicine","score_opus":0.22778735706367664,"score_gpt":0.3941039364215216,"score_spread":0.16631657935784494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3191313529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29388115,0.0055870204,0.29189596,0.11672559,0.009267026,0.024304667,0.0014870686,0.013781939,0.2430696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98561937,0.00034000402,0.0006764719,0.0014556488,0.00073832186,0.0007590017,0.00005938151,0.000062546955,0.010289254],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954521,0.0003524087,0.00065362436,0.0012366414,0.0011903498,0.0011148956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99676937,0.0007392508,0.0002459543,0.00020978441,0.0013933653,0.0006422586],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026876777,0.0005080292,0.0004918396,0.0009964075,0.0017061109,0.0032664463,0.0012562847,0.00037154194,0.00087393285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0043566395,0.0004656081,0.00021830072,0.0030675493,0.00070558314,0.0035144333,0.00026409456,0.0009247334,0.00018460036],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013062732,0.0008364675,0.00925385,0.001356653,0.00045374298,0.0003981025,0.1910854,0.0003305449,0.0062937345,0.4050469,0.32590514,0.057733193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002132451,0.0018997522,0.00078407844,0.0013044715,0.000347389,0.000028642055,0.18559507,0.012282624,0.0023905414,0.0021930013,0.7886661,0.0023758404],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014339196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007513871,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69173825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007708817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008854469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195357067","doi":"10.1007/s10755-021-09569-3","title":"GATES: An Online Step-Wise Tool to Develop Student Collaborative Teamwork Competencies","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Innovative Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Queensland University of Technology","keywords":"Teamwork; Psychology; Group cohesiveness; Cohesion (chemistry); Observational study; Medical education; Higher education; Cooperative learning; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Social psychology; Medicine; Management","score_opus":0.05033599067366703,"score_gpt":0.3891274743176162,"score_spread":0.3387914836439492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3195357067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9474918,0.00046764183,0.00040957605,0.017198322,0.0020744135,0.0007532326,0.000036969734,0.00017058438,0.031397454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.926264,0.000035997447,0.042597927,0.005933887,0.001087907,0.00019753526,0.00031040655,0.000027436916,0.023544928],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99790823,0.0006100174,0.00033400307,0.0003836273,0.00044550895,0.00031860327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99394804,0.00015768876,0.00016432586,0.00021091355,0.005408855,0.000110196386],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00071218517,0.00016128483,0.00019135904,0.0001652891,0.00060861267,0.00022157218,0.00024687944,0.000091108355,0.00077797845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00053636124,0.00016467889,0.000015407853,0.0074609728,0.000118384385,0.00046431474,0.00007128964,0.00021368245,0.00009315099],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054932436,0.0017665473,0.08637304,0.000030786785,0.00012419267,0.000008348578,0.22245613,0.000050376228,0.0046663075,0.585246,0.023082556,0.07614076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015827698,0.000082726736,0.21583682,0.000078642595,0.000009216075,3.6866646e-7,0.07455144,8.6701414e-7,0.00061476737,0.00070864917,0.7077036,0.000254607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00054933503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012492837,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68462104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040035395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0065568998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201857104","doi":"10.22159/ijms.2021.v9i5.41064","title":"TEAM-BASED LEARNING VS LECTURE-BASED LEARNING IN MEDICAL EDUCATION","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Innovare Journal of Medical Sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Defence Medical Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Team-based learning; Small group learning; Medical education; Medicine; Psychology","score_opus":0.028146597753824998,"score_gpt":0.3769473152623302,"score_spread":0.3488007175085052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3201857104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61090654,0.0044909134,0.018038955,0.33935007,0.0031732442,0.00024590478,6.236935e-7,0.00014322884,0.023650521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918489,0.00017812746,0.002475423,0.0045582354,0.00078443723,0.0000044717785,0.0000031859167,0.000009878187,0.00013732692],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9910394,0.0020104272,0.0008114313,0.0003061785,0.0052407733,0.0005917897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972165,0.0010817198,0.00053382857,0.00008403139,0.00052336906,0.00056051085],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.020329751,0.00015394817,0.0003647583,0.00053187413,0.000898043,0.00024359472,0.000991646,0.00038967797,0.0048085568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0365144,0.00012410687,0.00012672482,0.0034409238,0.000884383,0.00034846689,0.00006646806,0.0023424611,0.000014260457],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007909414,0.0006785446,0.34707114,0.00009119321,0.00002313117,0.0006902846,0.0049452563,0.010266622,0.00016748831,0.0072347154,0.003025154,0.62572736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027969591,0.0010839175,0.00715157,0.0036800015,0.000032149077,0.00020516841,0.010492587,0.013319984,0.0009009329,0.0027011514,0.95701605,0.0006195427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009888815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016462158,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9539909,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022187318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.038968276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999592},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210370429","doi":"10.1016/j.cptl.2021.09.037","title":"From student to tutor: A journey in problem-based learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Pharmacy; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Graduation (instrument); Curriculum; Experiential learning; Psychology; Licensure; Active learning (machine learning); Medicine; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Nursing; Engineering","score_opus":0.048065134566180286,"score_gpt":0.42233605150111453,"score_spread":0.37427091693493425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3210370429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863691,0.0014263614,0.0007262649,0.0015596761,0.00043633126,0.00027160565,0.0000017142199,0.00015269351,0.0090562655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952199,0.0001678804,0.0030286647,0.0003088518,0.00033758508,0.000041043077,0.00002342262,0.000029264029,0.0008433823],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9928913,0.004937223,0.00042825058,0.0005811018,0.0004971238,0.00066497416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99870384,0.0007404081,0.00013827691,0.00010772567,0.000053510794,0.00025627075],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0052806656,0.00021680476,0.00031270907,0.00034749854,0.0012377478,0.00035249707,0.0002644779,0.00007495023,0.0002693422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022346335,0.00024493661,0.00006191745,0.0005498259,0.00005604671,0.00031779497,0.00015371268,0.0039390675,0.00003051137],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033290224,0.0001798509,0.6054387,0.000030625906,0.000013479823,0.00006359823,0.12411683,0.021765787,0.0005630229,0.00015483603,0.000106391504,0.24753356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003550471,0.00007346562,0.020860955,0.0013677105,0.000029848947,0.0000025086163,0.036365073,0.0077790925,0.00012954549,0.0002193717,0.92894197,0.0006799883],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009062708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008761821,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9288356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024172597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003882633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99882257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216307489","doi":"10.1007/s40670-020-00922-3","title":"A Blended Model of Case-Based Learning in a Paediatric Clerkship Program","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Science Educator","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Active learning (machine learning); Computer science; Medical education; Problem-based learning; Mathematics education; Psychology; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.0631384523610203,"score_gpt":0.3714446625129266,"score_spread":0.30830621015190635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3216307489","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96531606,0.00016943198,0.00094647903,0.026980039,0.00023626705,0.000539069,0.0000013081125,0.00020399029,0.005607372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99405384,0.000014260134,0.0047136582,0.0008656358,0.0002496515,0.000057000292,8.04937e-7,0.000007789368,0.000037370362],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967548,0.00033311517,0.0003198714,0.00040606048,0.0015074033,0.00067873555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998449,0.0003080106,0.00012314758,0.00010547428,0.00010007168,0.0009142572],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0050374623,0.00010575763,0.00020525348,0.00021661159,0.00047448673,0.00006797677,0.0006498279,0.0001255453,0.00042482672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009444348,0.000094803545,0.000062141116,0.0034527897,0.0012602124,0.00023572324,0.00008090063,0.00060432224,0.000019715288],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010286524,0.0012365155,0.20174974,0.0002750308,0.0000100215,0.00041630064,0.12981369,0.007620991,0.00092389365,0.009487463,0.0013530599,0.64701045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024076418,0.0010594864,0.0022542041,0.00027692653,0.00004875608,0.000023935607,0.03944148,0.9101344,0.001112075,0.0012565275,0.040976297,0.0010082758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001355128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004407888,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9025134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012973684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.013723732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W328056219","doi":"","title":"Structured Controversy: Inquiry-Based Learning in Place of Traditional Group Presentations","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Active learning (machine learning); Theme (computing); Cooperative learning; Action (physics); Action research; Subject (documents); Psychology; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","score_opus":0.12046524217408046,"score_gpt":0.34044012459065265,"score_spread":0.2199748824165722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W328056219","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964436,0.000032849024,0.0010309982,0.0005765497,0.00017349665,0.00048758808,0.000012572533,0.000109904504,0.0011324406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980217,0.000013698577,0.00016739148,0.00015018479,0.00009639373,0.000004556143,0.00004824225,0.000017904904,0.0014798822],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974865,0.000999766,0.00025419288,0.00033992322,0.0004888043,0.00043082493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987033,0.00054517714,0.00024045605,0.00017069936,0.00015673108,0.00018363321],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006107969,0.0001740124,0.00025408107,0.0005564807,0.0004213663,0.00016873104,0.0004797941,0.00020004151,0.0002939869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023465273,0.0002093635,0.000105611594,0.0007364118,0.00032103425,0.0018634802,0.00006196919,0.0006153162,0.000051884846],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000689806,0.0000762422,0.9904452,0.000029012288,0.00002222131,0.000020247686,0.004837439,0.0015404711,0.0008186131,0.0016779004,0.000003103432,0.0004605695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001897584,0.00012424523,0.98850054,0.00010044149,0.000028045975,0.0000010947488,0.0046416707,0.000007597528,0.00025954924,0.0005335507,0.0036444424,0.00026125525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003733494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008411933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008038583,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020949244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035193271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8537595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W347083555","doi":"","title":"Transforming Nursing Education through Problem-Based Education","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nursing and Health Care Perspectives","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Nurse education; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Nursing research; Nursing; Relevance (law); Medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Political science","score_opus":0.03570261531105389,"score_gpt":0.4278649949545909,"score_spread":0.392162379643537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W347083555","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04571399,0.10912725,0.010635844,0.16970718,0.0015514522,0.0018737168,0.0000043588616,0.00049330597,0.6608929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871577,0.0015340733,0.009234105,0.00095015025,0.00065006554,0.000048112757,0.000017677912,0.000020212432,0.0003879081],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985073,0.0002592798,0.00019377933,0.00034967286,0.0002485309,0.00044141943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993167,0.00004946139,0.000112434325,0.00010607568,0.00024765564,0.00016768582],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047500347,0.00013530056,0.00016950812,0.00015444255,0.0020169583,0.00012361901,0.00008489545,0.000100176076,0.00003759215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038835493,0.00014715399,0.000049926737,0.00039741767,0.00032281977,0.0004042505,0.0000017676886,0.00023458338,0.000003548474],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018733073,0.00020727806,0.00056817883,0.00004895019,0.0000020519694,1.0356687e-7,0.44654396,0.0000066705466,0.00001123376,0.044375014,0.0006931359,0.50752467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002813644,0.00019217667,0.0019445565,0.0023588603,0.000020561376,0.000007228602,0.9095185,0.000017897415,0.000031933247,0.011302029,0.07408616,0.00023873299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0061533703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005956135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9414437,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015429786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006268223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993653},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200450451","doi":"10.1080/0142159x.2021.2020233","title":"Health professions education as a discipline: Evidence based on Krishnan’s framework","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Teacher","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; Discipline; Health professions; Subject (documents); Higher education; Medical education; Object (grammar); Engineering ethics; Health care; Sociology; Medicine; Political science; Computer science; Social science; Epistemology; Law; Library science","score_opus":0.058689731211525986,"score_gpt":0.4542839063523056,"score_spread":0.3955941751407796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200450451","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04074446,0.0031738759,0.0063887048,0.8639393,0.0018297996,0.0005355775,0.0000010650662,0.00027623153,0.083110996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9569726,0.00022862111,0.0017345052,0.016047427,0.0011633239,0.00008075563,0.000013387529,0.000016970158,0.02374244],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99629945,0.0017084891,0.00021757347,0.00031067498,0.0010901141,0.00037367505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984992,0.00057576323,0.00008966558,0.00025554874,0.00008520885,0.000494614],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031151434,0.00009539869,0.00017024716,0.00005080723,0.0007510895,0.000053018975,0.00025475433,0.00024138423,0.011413959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.018617257,0.00007884012,0.00006590908,0.000526906,0.00015448143,0.00013037174,0.000054465556,0.0009177559,0.00025770775],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000062338244,0.0019060287,0.09157407,0.00016780094,0.00002114665,0.00004428614,0.068961665,0.000018197461,0.000010945409,0.069295,0.09099724,0.6769413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067881396,0.0004328393,0.01844091,0.016180186,0.00003718043,0.0000062532426,0.041448243,0.0027910585,0.000050362854,0.033274777,0.885884,0.0007753789],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014707744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004434411,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9162281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020580064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.011212927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9943926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200591281","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8645-7","title":"Handbook of Research on Using Disruptive Methodologies and Game-Based Learning to Foster Transversal Skills","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Advances in game-based learning book series","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universidad de Cádiz; University of South Africa; Universidade de Pernambuco; Universidad de Zaragoza; Universidad de Granada; Universidad Veracruzana; University of Missouri; Universitat de València; Universidad de Murcia; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea; McMaster University; New Mexico State University; University of Utah; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Universidade de Aveiro","keywords":"Transversal (combinatorics); Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.08857293767939212,"score_gpt":0.4432430197137021,"score_spread":0.35467008203431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200591281","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03188477,0.26698992,0.08208617,0.008070918,0.0037243506,0.013296554,0.00026998436,0.0026746918,0.59100264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06761557,0.037969008,0.16377038,0.0035479316,0.002106867,0.0009597776,0.0005691692,0.0011774893,0.7222838],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9879991,0.006266033,0.0009834828,0.0015025967,0.0017540712,0.0014947363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98906916,0.008719821,0.0006908322,0.0004982796,0.00070123095,0.00032065896],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006609109,0.0008007785,0.0015193515,0.0016084384,0.0011479378,0.0003125438,0.0006644864,0.00085983257,0.00040649532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0056661335,0.00085185585,0.00032726608,0.0010512188,0.0027089843,0.0011569568,0.00021564074,0.0040699444,0.000020799393],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0049558966,0.00029368748,0.0073722135,0.0032171381,0.00024815425,0.00058078853,0.11306509,0.73624474,0.0019070127,0.0067288727,0.0005212556,0.12486518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014959289,0.0023148898,0.000081041784,0.011109319,0.000099853496,0.0000044516914,0.011411694,0.00027014443,0.00495232,0.0018061759,0.965257,0.001197215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029475553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00095975434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9647357,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009977875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00376078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205224669","doi":"10.1002/9781118413555.ch28","title":"Educational theories","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Psychology; Intervention (counseling); Cognition; Psychomotor learning; Quality (philosophy); Epistemology","score_opus":0.01204819066400552,"score_gpt":0.31593673913493325,"score_spread":0.3038885484709277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205224669","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[5.081071e-7,0.00050292275,0.00012176157,0.0024391564,0.00038777915,0.00013131744,0.0000019581807,0.00016067257,0.9962539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00021001016,0.00013490382,0.0011026812,0.00027085643,0.0012840491,0.000023904806,0.000010279053,0.000067309025,0.996896],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949205,0.000092766444,0.0000437418,0.00009758999,0.00014154437,0.00013228376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997458,0.0000770578,0.000046216366,0.000073645686,0.000015523761,0.000041771786],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017033998,0.000059666214,0.00006524062,0.00006958169,0.00012819392,0.000056419445,0.00013487508,0.00013347843,0.31787527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008357313,0.00004925141,0.000024667957,0.00007471102,0.00012470417,0.00003275968,0.000011837686,0.00007854499,0.0043993723],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.183393e-8,0.0000023785005,0.000067144545,0.0000026130347,0.0000033478318,2.3858119e-8,0.00041119443,9.958085e-9,1.2108805e-7,0.48842517,0.5090322,0.0020557127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015884567,0.0000021174017,0.000012988389,0.000018507842,0.0000024890799,4.2584585e-8,0.0004262223,2.067554e-7,3.5208197e-7,0.018238617,0.98120725,0.00007533355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024707785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025333404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47217503,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017654113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037229445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206022472","doi":"10.1155/2022/4546381","title":"Team‐Based Learning in Prosthodontics Courses: Students’ Satisfaction","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Dentistry","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","keywords":"Prosthodontics; Medical education; Team-based learning; Psychology; Interpersonal communication; Likert scale; Medicine; Dentistry","score_opus":0.025801430862481774,"score_gpt":0.38124687326118045,"score_spread":0.3554454423986987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206022472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926568,0.00013952155,0.0015719708,0.0012073438,0.002589885,0.000090432615,0.0000046507794,0.000018603412,0.001720766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977802,0.000033487202,0.00091854634,0.00013247863,0.00028016817,0.000006031156,0.000004138902,0.000007895452,0.00083706225],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99741477,0.0005150857,0.00033950023,0.000090406655,0.0014914562,0.00014881056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910843,0.00014288598,0.00043524196,0.000039556748,0.00022142791,0.000052430278],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022320326,0.000059907517,0.000107493994,0.0002764524,0.00029188592,0.00016163025,0.00050747243,0.000034974088,0.0005649125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004105456,0.00006811441,0.000078250625,0.0001932901,0.0000451513,0.00025819428,0.00007902466,0.000639254,0.000005902824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008869698,0.000104305465,0.97811264,0.0000034674274,0.000037925598,0.00027884424,0.001963889,0.007796769,0.00028926722,0.0003868269,0.00054092926,0.010396434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037079803,0.00037632463,0.732638,0.00020005992,0.000046992864,0.00037264384,0.019050008,0.0006291352,0.00031629243,0.0013568037,0.24095714,0.0003486114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005559199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035497954,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24547464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005352909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00049674563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6185396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206980826","doi":"10.1016/j.cptl.2022.01.019","title":"Experiential education supervisors as assessors of pharmacy student injection technique","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Rubric; Grading (engineering); Pharmacy; Medical education; Curriculum; Likert scale; Medicine; Preceptor; Experiential learning; Self-assessment; Accreditation; Pharmacy practice; Psychology; Nursing; Pedagogy; Engineering","score_opus":0.03518143492430878,"score_gpt":0.4314317311327352,"score_spread":0.39625029620842644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206980826","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862622,0.00079124817,0.0002655727,0.00018294848,0.0010671864,0.00042111674,0.0000014019346,0.00010665616,0.010901681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99851066,0.00013139882,0.00025312902,0.00006873449,0.00015875821,0.00025891964,0.000018976398,0.000018569312,0.0005808596],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945796,0.0040193796,0.0003132365,0.00030611892,0.00048360098,0.00029807838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994145,0.00018700646,0.00019424068,0.00007822708,0.000038981925,0.000087053246],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0045877425,0.00013288915,0.0001678035,0.00037898187,0.0021414638,0.00007005929,0.00025267797,0.000024301828,0.0005944041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043958038,0.00015884895,0.0000530287,0.00037885216,0.00008161536,0.00037723605,0.00018216793,0.002114865,0.0000021823],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007114085,0.0005417998,0.38158503,0.0000561942,0.000016231192,0.00000227664,0.24822532,0.002494641,0.0024196852,0.0011800422,0.00012128588,0.36328635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018510036,0.00018556969,0.0016301512,0.0001223542,0.000043824355,0.00001749995,0.2274837,0.0018752423,0.00080686226,0.00022918957,0.7652948,0.00045978354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011090957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029040151,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76517355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019906762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041312567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210253501","doi":"10.36834/cmej.71812","title":"The effect of case nodes in problem-based learning on the length and quality of discussion: a 2x2 factorial study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Node (physics); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.022798565852539747,"score_gpt":0.357087993089066,"score_spread":0.33428942723652627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210253501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737224,0.00013922546,0.000005898405,0.024095828,0.0005959006,0.00038495605,0.0000022722797,0.000003159275,0.0010503335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993625,0.000009309753,0.000007214091,0.00027788588,0.00020226745,0.00004049812,8.100137e-7,0.000004219715,0.00009528475],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9934375,0.0052514127,0.00030712548,0.00009276942,0.00071153714,0.00019962553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974291,0.0015568518,0.00021136449,0.00007978967,0.00005967074,0.0006632798],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013527783,0.000059794187,0.00012900497,0.00011883055,0.0018955866,0.00004719523,0.0002195272,0.000039680966,0.0015967871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017202884,0.000029404342,0.00003739378,0.00031542237,0.00020473287,0.00004151617,0.000017139051,0.0009445814,3.6181487e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037683905,0.0003612426,0.5151241,0.00006386855,0.00006257419,0.000115707764,0.16755493,0.00061256654,0.00001729251,0.008234937,0.0035765066,0.30389947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005027153,0.004459616,0.05093992,0.0004535611,0.00008484942,0.00017870567,0.59463286,0.00057019637,0.000043313597,0.0013473721,0.3417685,0.00049391197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11296268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.15213117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46418417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022602905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.014005449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99940383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210726758","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs22161571","title":"Problem Based learning by Evaluating Students Learning Preferences Using VARK","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Continental (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Memorization; Preference; Learning styles; Mathematics education; Test (biology); Kinesthetic learning; Psychology; Computer science; Medical education; Medicine; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.07210227405217604,"score_gpt":0.40432103347768866,"score_spread":0.3322187594255126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210726758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9022356,0.00036296833,0.004746896,0.00041455112,0.00025868564,0.000835019,0.0000034688019,0.000675211,0.09046754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98493713,0.000011859903,0.0065748575,0.00022930432,0.00009499541,0.00011323649,0.00002818565,0.00003339157,0.007977061],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9927233,0.0037588421,0.00037055652,0.0005059579,0.0019145723,0.0007267878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988048,0.0004861543,0.00031656798,0.0001226484,0.00012006747,0.00014972524],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007820187,0.00019647321,0.00023357931,0.0001708815,0.006539527,0.00035944884,0.0006652186,0.00007509714,0.00595789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006004782,0.00020856196,0.000091853064,0.0008748779,0.00010347379,0.00032523056,0.00031942688,0.0011281518,0.000027600636],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000095986565,0.00027425407,0.5321165,0.000058541846,0.00007347028,0.000008682324,0.03361253,0.35509226,0.00694993,0.0013245905,0.0008372796,0.069556005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035231886,0.0025847245,0.0024839654,0.00022039215,0.00021962066,0.0000063942166,0.12500215,0.18084131,0.00071021775,0.0027523907,0.67937344,0.0022822095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00567912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012449984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6785362,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036780915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00071888015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949508},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4211253090","doi":"10.14434/ijpbl.v15i2.28792","title":"Using Teacher Dashboards to Assess Group Collaboration in Problem-based Learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Orchestration; Asynchronous communication; Dashboard; Computer science; Visualization; Problem-based learning; Knowledge management; Psychology; Medical education; Mathematics education; Data science; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.05099965528619193,"score_gpt":0.4017230023206064,"score_spread":0.3507233470344145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4211253090","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82617044,0.00092344696,0.14563173,0.0113659175,0.00093920756,0.0012368868,0.0000066752305,0.00026508453,0.013460598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9113034,0.000015160654,0.08695376,0.00023945177,0.00052465365,0.000037598984,0.00002987273,0.00009695648,0.0007991635],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9911732,0.0040883273,0.0015932602,0.0006832665,0.001386974,0.0010749485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959559,0.00064806716,0.0013322154,0.00026869655,0.001326271,0.0004688623],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008640574,0.00046629767,0.00082710985,0.0012392845,0.0016997386,0.0006619114,0.000664318,0.000378395,0.00067707826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014199677,0.0004879729,0.00031281394,0.002998931,0.00019582495,0.0011995591,0.00033265963,0.0028059816,0.000028513727],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006755981,0.00060394075,0.09127105,0.00026470184,0.00008989635,0.0007584543,0.024293995,0.8272003,0.040254947,0.0007994789,0.0003155766,0.013472088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03328833,0.017345231,0.019632049,0.03833117,0.0013893214,0.0006900731,0.24586979,0.12591699,0.047098793,0.012598564,0.44745523,0.0103844665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029012447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014873148,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7012833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013508017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0039120167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997572},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4212849239","doi":"10.4018/978-1-59140-673-0.ch029","title":"Development of KABISA","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cases on information technology series","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Pfizer (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Computer science; Value (mathematics); Computation; Mathematics education; Computer game; Logical conjunction; Development (topology); Software engineering; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Multimedia; Mathematics","score_opus":0.018617033359377172,"score_gpt":0.26021218017586567,"score_spread":0.2415951468164885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4212849239","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005943452,0.00012117888,0.00023167137,0.00061133504,0.00015860124,0.0002585186,0.000028490593,0.00036533718,0.99763054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.083390616,0.0006939856,0.030246116,0.0007399465,0.00026902423,0.00018995967,0.000938194,0.00007781424,0.8834543],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896675,0.000009900805,0.0004888021,0.00009265812,0.00026101593,0.0001808426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906206,0.00005088655,0.00050686375,0.00017713512,0.00017789038,0.000025162126],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002524507,0.00016111947,0.00022189629,0.0006744867,0.0004261629,0.000029008343,0.00022098437,0.0006294773,0.00031526468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015791653,0.00016572406,0.00004985049,0.000104081046,0.000523351,0.0004905475,0.00005129661,0.00028879248,0.00026878706],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018149663,0.0000039255656,0.000016538486,0.00005866686,0.000017575076,0.0000031792993,0.0025875145,0.0000065152863,0.0000026087741,0.89146304,0.0032664968,0.10255581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007373791,0.00006986176,0.0000053499484,0.0001248864,0.0000085191705,0.000006208616,0.0015375594,3.4489122e-7,0.0008687079,0.009377499,0.9877567,0.0001705828],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003666878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021285369,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9844902,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012070435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004977246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6758031},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221101926","doi":"10.36834/cmej.72949","title":"Five ways for facilitators to get a grip on small group learning","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Group (periodic table); Computer science; Psychology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.02284690120994455,"score_gpt":0.30708170929039214,"score_spread":0.2842348080804476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4221101926","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36817038,0.0009877712,0.0069661606,0.51196563,0.015517404,0.0021592847,0.00009153824,0.00016249534,0.09397932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9089912,0.00004101092,0.0019105471,0.07609452,0.0027370183,0.0003578708,0.00004246773,0.000030357935,0.009794977],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980547,0.00047976567,0.00019975951,0.00017054375,0.00060635497,0.0004888789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945024,0.00024431705,0.0000751868,0.000064242624,0.00012642436,0.004987424],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033848356,0.000077195786,0.000101415695,0.00034638355,0.003088846,0.000101755446,0.00035451664,0.000073518946,0.018404566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01830297,0.000082192586,0.000070355774,0.0003578789,0.000059825346,0.00006583044,0.000016628448,0.0009470469,0.000045174642],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004882995,0.00008343058,0.002031656,0.000014745383,0.00002669869,0.00002579003,0.09511463,0.0008164394,0.000004781484,0.05171023,0.3484842,0.5016386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016509756,0.00023680506,0.00030624322,0.000027102702,0.0000048854354,0.000016632719,0.030641206,0.00008573259,3.804971e-7,0.0012574056,0.967152,0.00010650587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0509727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07733155,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6186678,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001072428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.034098357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998209},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224269769","doi":"10.1007/s42330-022-00198-2","title":"A Framework and a Research Design Proposal to Identify Preservice Teachers’ Integration Performance of Science and Mathematics","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Problem-based learning; Science education; Knowledge integration; Work (physics); Computer science; Mathematics; Knowledge management; Engineering","score_opus":0.05610480365383589,"score_gpt":0.39065768245186605,"score_spread":0.33455287879803014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224269769","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907686,0.00031877635,0.0014366584,0.0064827832,0.00013792008,0.00035848055,8.55052e-7,0.0000060032035,0.00048991985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8968514,0.00004078266,0.10298972,0.000029750772,0.000017556684,0.000019467076,6.3169736e-8,0.0000040342425,0.00004722648],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998494,0.00007547226,0.0002543596,0.00016267429,0.0006952272,0.00031825402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980042,0.00017247569,0.00021577474,0.0001390653,0.0011734059,0.00029507137],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.013857119,0.000060075312,0.0001253327,0.0020871472,0.0026286233,0.00020753549,0.00060291064,0.000055759563,0.000016135142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0047513572,0.000055175267,0.000006862156,0.003712605,0.004736897,0.00046585008,0.000116440744,0.00044293897,4.9846363e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006446597,0.00011741424,0.005885451,0.0001550142,0.0000075251087,0.0000023491793,0.4866811,0.00002411753,0.022136366,0.4039244,0.00024012387,0.08081968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016436144,0.0010817593,0.0030145727,0.00079776964,0.00003086972,0.0002293057,0.625033,0.004123836,0.0060203904,0.35735753,0.001892826,0.0002538],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001096792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006519342,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13835189,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029645753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.012379431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986698},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225263128","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2021-0144","title":"Virtual Clinics: A Student-Led, Problem-Based Learning Approach to Supplement Veterinary Clinical Experiences","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Active listening; Pace; Medical education; Peer mentoring; Focus group; Presentation (obstetrics); Psychology; Peer learning; Virtual learning environment; Problem-based learning; Virtual patient; Medicine; Peer group; Perspective (graphical); Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.1049791556066477,"score_gpt":0.4722966524194864,"score_spread":0.36731749681283865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225263128","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857739,0.00032422287,0.0021226485,0.00543513,0.0035597626,0.00047890266,0.0000016407773,0.000041719588,0.0022620794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866981,0.00008690306,0.008899947,0.0020987894,0.0014850633,0.00028201967,0.00001532253,0.000020961548,0.00041290539],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99199146,0.003664202,0.0012941591,0.00033998908,0.0022702853,0.0004399175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99757427,0.00053815113,0.0007474445,0.00016687317,0.00023039208,0.0007428563],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013403173,0.00016999146,0.0003941114,0.0003164046,0.0011129021,0.00010215784,0.000978932,0.00012373822,0.0027275693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021491607,0.00016123455,0.00023881867,0.0005584237,0.00022487743,0.00029154582,0.0002847102,0.0013372217,0.000012861],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003162911,0.012386762,0.0387157,0.00013267272,0.00022411447,0.0002679511,0.34468892,0.004596395,0.00017472208,0.0020602487,0.02988447,0.56370515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010787685,0.01365252,0.0015045522,0.00011143792,0.000034972672,0.00016474443,0.1588269,0.0003043299,0.0000017573911,0.000055978813,0.8240253,0.00023877402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010447576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000039811916,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7941408,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036055906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006386875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226100537","doi":"10.1123/smej.2021-0013","title":"Updating Policy Within Youth Sport Organizations Through Problem-Based Learning","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sport Management Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Sport management; Youth sports; Sociology; Public relations; Business; Psychology; Political science; Athletes; Physical therapy","score_opus":0.013999444608495717,"score_gpt":0.30493466385202955,"score_spread":0.2909352192435338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226100537","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23009898,0.000328905,0.013689111,0.02731436,0.0038404504,0.0020346115,0.0000089897885,0.00071674405,0.7219679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96998084,0.000055284756,0.016019912,0.0018060828,0.0006943893,0.000061189814,0.00018307794,0.000037541675,0.011161689],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99780154,0.00017810671,0.0005047818,0.0002673684,0.00082218344,0.00042604245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986765,0.00001252264,0.00067725295,0.00016198968,0.00028694348,0.0001848116],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027303167,0.00014435855,0.00015196769,0.00045085963,0.005091608,0.00029742424,0.00042902888,0.000035519777,0.0026124676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001408597,0.00016339503,0.000060469734,0.0025047446,0.0000651259,0.00048743826,0.00010204242,0.0007095863,0.000034129236],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004503805,0.00057201914,0.27179974,0.00006864198,0.000103194594,0.000028437318,0.13155553,0.083756424,0.000008151555,0.4889822,0.0042776763,0.018802939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004389105,0.00010318333,0.0042728377,0.0000685308,0.00010086713,0.00001760168,0.32682192,0.000120341465,0.00000821574,0.003448682,0.66423166,0.00036723964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019595476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004278096,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7398819,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00062166824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0047183475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235016488","doi":"10.24908/pceea.v0i0.4711","title":"INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION RESEARCH","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Admiration; Data collection; Inclusion (mineral); Psychology; Period (music); Pedagogy; Medical education; Mathematics education; Medicine; Sociology; Social psychology; Social science","score_opus":0.026573017353834032,"score_gpt":0.376440742216498,"score_spread":0.34986772486266393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4235016488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82252514,0.0018862985,0.0002419909,0.02454768,0.0063489075,0.0016587324,0.00001199456,0.00027950518,0.14249974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811839,0.00002009598,0.014723938,0.00016853331,0.0006942924,0.00008407821,0.0000034780405,0.000025879162,0.003095831],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851084,0.000104393584,0.00023127395,0.0001599879,0.0004307885,0.00056268915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980077,0.0003305332,0.00022298192,0.00007332971,0.001068314,0.0002971065],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008347737,0.00011303739,0.00013193199,0.00060460105,0.0008051338,0.00017949696,0.00025912517,0.00018206336,0.000022553797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011812342,0.00011809628,0.000035182453,0.001263708,0.000039509137,0.00064653606,0.000039949817,0.0006619156,0.000004745224],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002508784,0.00011625659,0.24883813,0.00036000437,0.000086516025,1.3471212e-8,0.07651041,0.000061700805,0.009141666,0.5989604,0.025017455,0.040904943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011974492,0.0000171831,0.19312342,0.00036951678,0.000033130924,0.0000019598397,0.012279412,0.00039105956,0.001991717,0.0008389102,0.7904498,0.00038416844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03839729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023020173,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7654323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0027094882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022256533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235410135","doi":"10.1145/1595496.1563001","title":"AARTIC","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM SIGCSE Bulletin","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Realization (probability); Computer science; Learning environment; Human–computer interaction; Multimedia; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.02324741548401871,"score_gpt":0.31551313293546546,"score_spread":0.29226571745144675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4235410135","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18446946,0.0008346232,0.00024371668,0.23385075,0.00032944212,0.00038167892,0.0000010895924,0.00058867113,0.5793006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98729825,0.00005011731,0.00152084,0.0037403156,0.00026699487,0.0000048440274,0.0000010373191,0.0000053883837,0.0071121934],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989862,0.00019305416,0.000113029375,0.00015747586,0.00021926938,0.00033100045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944204,0.00014890789,0.000041749292,0.00023001498,0.000035328518,0.000101980826],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00075700536,0.000069133785,0.00008618455,0.0000406063,0.00041688656,0.00006478649,0.0003484152,0.00006729761,0.0028250765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014556615,0.00006727925,0.000045393757,0.00017450872,0.00006679587,0.0000420124,0.000028707176,0.00013634124,0.0019949605],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086069944,0.00023468402,0.005199992,0.000014654132,0.000022146125,0.00008177201,0.03119709,0.000060595128,0.0021535202,0.082086645,0.2915207,0.5873421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015856043,0.0000642105,0.001822229,0.000015683445,0.0000055443147,7.3839783e-7,0.00055093516,0.000002253347,0.0002450318,0.00719361,0.98982525,0.000115958646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005584811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043699274,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8028288,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033002154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007820645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987821},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235676803","doi":"10.3410/f.717980375.793472321","title":"Faculty Opinions recommendation of Small molecule inhibitor of lipoteichoic acid synthesis is an antibiotic for Gram-positive bacteria.","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Lipoteichoic acid; Bacteria; Antibiotics; Gram; Microbiology; Gram-positive bacteria; Gram-negative bacteria; Chemistry; Biology; Biochemistry; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Genetics; Gene","score_opus":0.04695148549820999,"score_gpt":0.36193828028652897,"score_spread":0.314986794788319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4235676803","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000072730404,0.00055676204,0.00009236438,0.096537866,0.0006467668,0.0023598606,0.8996924,0.000033169297,0.00007354229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00007326961,0.0003945221,0.0026702995,0.0019701284,0.00039813193,0.00025867988,0.99383014,0.00003035045,0.00037448097],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9949603,0.0013097953,0.001500292,0.00067981606,0.0010945692,0.0004552293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98945475,0.00043137974,0.0021789342,0.0009954763,0.0066109947,0.0003284959],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026755892,0.0004568482,0.001036231,0.0003942288,0.00048493643,0.00019447571,0.00163022,0.0008951822,0.00055838266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012059659,0.0003275816,0.0006598867,0.0017617925,0.00058549317,0.00054529344,0.0002629382,0.00067413994,0.000022397035],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018299526,0.00036258958,0.0000044245776,0.005517041,0.0001329213,5.8096912e-8,0.0009883537,4.0011795e-8,0.00004786306,0.0003055146,0.9871375,0.005485406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034734857,0.00023590207,0.00031073217,0.010741125,0.0002531106,0.000002732471,0.00021195014,0.0000075596263,0.0008587309,0.000032836808,0.9866688,0.00032916546],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007801241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046366335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09456774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012624045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010003479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236394532","doi":"10.24124/2015/bpgub1670","title":"Teacher reflective planner: implementing project based learning in the high school classroom","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Planner; Teamwork; Project-based learning; Problem-based learning; Resource (disambiguation); Pedagogy; Professional development; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine; Political science","score_opus":0.04139995482026837,"score_gpt":0.39218428418440526,"score_spread":0.3507843293641369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236394532","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09031286,0.00046798718,0.000055743083,0.0010629859,0.000414926,0.0017703181,0.000005652582,0.0003330062,0.9055765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9007612,0.000065701584,0.0011251085,0.00063029205,0.0010826276,0.00052151945,0.001151365,0.000085256106,0.09457695],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9949094,0.00235332,0.00042920985,0.00050718465,0.0009864899,0.00081440766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863875,0.00045224835,0.00038513207,0.0002042392,0.00023315857,0.00008649709],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007553569,0.0003018164,0.00032801248,0.00042069366,0.0010706751,0.0003603734,0.00058747147,0.00044806773,0.00081484305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021021073,0.00022755985,0.00011330943,0.0009827605,0.000043405933,0.0002693808,0.000025522091,0.0018963782,0.00008278757],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011023637,0.0004945435,0.09129474,0.00044735527,0.0002631943,0.0001051299,0.49098516,0.00051832653,0.00033075377,0.013708319,0.22845513,0.17229497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011088353,0.00025718487,0.00521291,0.00035055092,0.00008902601,6.585428e-7,0.35253254,0.00027515416,0.000049585677,0.0021379904,0.63722086,0.00076472474],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.050549846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.11280542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8109996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004504441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003627632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95577264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237259004","doi":"10.24124/2004/bpgub1268","title":"Safer rave and designer drug education initiative","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"SAFER; Engineering; Drug; Transport engineering; Aeronautics; Computer security; Medicine; Computer science; Pharmacology","score_opus":0.020443338686852126,"score_gpt":0.3350371890529795,"score_spread":0.3145938503661274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4237259004","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021011567,0.0011566138,0.000103027865,0.0006749142,0.0006687538,0.00047646422,0.0000020767338,0.0000823567,0.97582424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7140095,0.0007347509,0.0019568638,0.0008619615,0.0005127122,0.00010250673,0.0004960746,0.000033102093,0.2812925],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990172,0.0002192122,0.00013986745,0.00022167867,0.00021961195,0.00018245276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946773,0.00011641748,0.000118498145,0.00006317897,0.00015569705,0.000078498815],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046537313,0.00012650296,0.00013422317,0.00012918355,0.00048233927,0.000107586086,0.000091416754,0.00019297235,0.0011385529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001438613,0.000119564545,0.000035525936,0.00014349834,0.000054348697,0.00019126257,0.000005800596,0.00022490555,0.0000867628],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000063657986,0.00013555808,0.0010878865,0.0002480081,0.00006819395,0.0000029900168,0.5474271,0.0000067951196,0.00012717176,0.24239974,0.011216504,0.19721638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088019326,0.000116733005,0.018753247,0.0010796372,0.0002371916,0.0000014243077,0.534797,0.0000062787794,0.0023132372,0.14572196,0.29445392,0.0016391788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007530417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010403135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69453174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012726529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0030119903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4238792699","doi":"10.1080/14926150802383872","title":"Erratum","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.016177250496621196,"score_gpt":0.2885353465142512,"score_spread":0.27235809601763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4238792699","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017053705,0.026731657,0.00022668397,0.03905,0.06442639,0.0006125967,0.00001005866,0.00007051938,0.8518184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3577158,0.022604764,0.06620816,0.0012514286,0.0077644447,0.000051937986,0.000024787454,0.00015504162,0.54422367],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986976,0.000023807272,0.00033560419,0.00016392133,0.0003576853,0.000421375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99778473,0.000034050252,0.0005794245,0.00017939678,0.0009444296,0.0004779923],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015622263,0.00012262962,0.00025090287,0.0025519035,0.0016989395,0.00017653097,0.0007755231,0.00044260782,0.00005559472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019895702,0.000115452385,0.000037246722,0.0017197623,0.0046149385,0.00028204187,0.000020311545,0.00091472076,0.000008123525],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.101087e-7,0.000029824987,0.0003621834,0.000062835024,0.0000114897975,0.000016979568,0.018738188,2.3419202e-7,0.000023769438,0.10748152,0.84273314,0.030539501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000038851125,0.000053548218,0.000052183455,0.00043027394,0.00002415523,0.00020734542,0.0163121,0.000010471512,0.000011503926,0.05791813,0.9247852,0.00015626605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003394718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011447782,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3406621,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003700868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.065589175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240379551","doi":"10.3410/f.717992218.793473585","title":"Faculty Opinions recommendation of Complexity and diversity.","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Data science; Computer science; Information retrieval; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.08013519904848984,"score_gpt":0.3832974898806565,"score_spread":0.3031622908321666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4240379551","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[6.2281435e-7,0.00067786576,0.000014099519,0.22086664,0.0004720231,0.0009853188,0.77658945,0.000030346268,0.00036360996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000106718,0.000725199,0.00070064183,0.0032400705,0.00024151528,0.000069326816,0.9937152,0.00001064348,0.0012867319],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958384,0.0010775253,0.00088387885,0.0004838857,0.0013747858,0.00034152588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934173,0.00023008065,0.001242685,0.00069215987,0.004112831,0.00030494653],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025224441,0.00032067925,0.00067397964,0.00026379625,0.0010999201,0.00017243768,0.0014095086,0.000601436,0.0011576297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0072689215,0.00022241553,0.00032838,0.0015353136,0.000998166,0.00048514496,0.0010377315,0.0009180266,0.00004727285],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041676394,0.00011665104,0.000028782251,0.0030338154,0.000060338843,6.778452e-8,0.0008930171,1.4400969e-8,1.2669041e-7,0.0020010786,0.9908508,0.0030111335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030856946,0.000058107387,0.0017838074,0.00445379,0.000103151775,0.0000036690433,0.00016958755,0.00000267817,8.3509883e-7,0.00019987884,0.99268657,0.00022932752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021860122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009588316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21762657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010492398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000552819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4243096851","doi":"10.1177/120347540200600401","title":"Using the Internet to Assess and Teach Medical Students in Dermatology","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Vancouver General Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Medical education; The Internet; Enthusiasm; Physical examination; Dermatology; Multimedia; Surgery; Computer science; Psychology; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.10338791640362568,"score_gpt":0.38764878217121146,"score_spread":0.2842608657675858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4243096851","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97072816,0.0024689264,0.00018511436,0.025021285,0.000283032,0.00005653219,8.12137e-8,0.000004169457,0.001252712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99508095,0.0016735103,0.000060385326,0.0027622594,0.00028969123,4.5203117e-7,6.8494046e-8,0.0000042844426,0.00012841976],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981372,0.0005138242,0.00038414204,0.000077142024,0.00069171656,0.00019599136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977387,0.0018199659,0.00014664237,0.000041710326,0.000055998124,0.00019696796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030912266,0.000065126405,0.00030224666,0.00021399773,0.00011680827,0.00003663896,0.00017546059,0.00007646439,0.00025875153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021965632,0.000039220195,0.000026334938,0.00018629327,0.0002113771,0.00007255822,0.000041105897,0.0003426278,9.3994555e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000064057174,0.00007481488,0.8707591,0.00003397953,0.000050711882,0.0054442706,0.051871315,0.0000081085345,0.00007017486,0.0002751044,0.022235453,0.04911291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027459033,0.0009003737,0.024292864,0.0055645015,0.00028837132,0.08741292,0.086226545,0.0042764074,0.00005814708,0.0018814198,0.78547984,0.0008727081],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005716704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035596907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84646624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002852577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009294089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28331476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4243961213","doi":"10.5858/133.9.1457","title":"Crossword Puzzles: Active Learning in Undergraduate Pathology and Medical Education","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal University Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Vocabulary; Likert scale; Computer science; Medical education; Scale (ratio); Mathematics education; Psychology; Medicine; Biology","score_opus":0.010612257432472303,"score_gpt":0.3291360707584492,"score_spread":0.3185238133259769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4243961213","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93749684,0.002608683,0.00027025634,0.036939844,0.00025034611,0.00022861303,0.000002750621,0.0000702667,0.022132423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950712,0.0020177404,0.00058268366,0.0018604253,0.00019377182,0.000011353048,0.000012458064,0.000008320202,0.0002420473],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99716324,0.0015729511,0.00033921548,0.00031757733,0.0002634475,0.00034358632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987105,0.0007113625,0.00019796932,0.000130777,0.00006944386,0.00017993584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015133981,0.00013142555,0.00034502108,0.00033295524,0.00024073993,0.000006012572,0.0001982157,0.00017124317,0.00007232077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003793823,0.000118845775,0.000023105575,0.00043353532,0.0019709417,0.00012824645,0.000036695692,0.0005906512,0.0000029713603],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027834094,0.00035063046,0.092526905,0.000064973414,0.000021239408,0.0008065726,0.1657047,0.000018380786,0.01697638,0.10195076,0.00035526176,0.6209459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0060859383,0.0030324003,0.6880465,0.0016688963,0.00010593014,0.00019454944,0.07509644,0.00018862415,0.0008708966,0.16575484,0.058116894,0.0008380806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020170494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00088748225,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62010777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002791897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014114964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72620165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250112312","doi":"10.1177/000841740407100207","title":"Book Mark: Problem-Based Learning: A Self-Directed Journey","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Autodidacticism; Psychology; Cognitive science; Psychoanalysis; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.07049687402978254,"score_gpt":0.3519651510712307,"score_spread":0.28146827704144817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4250112312","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67266726,0.082970954,0.009017966,0.09592384,0.0047513894,0.0036756443,0.00009966365,0.0015713108,0.12932198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9706274,0.00082176767,0.018880386,0.006707374,0.0010775579,0.000013561304,0.000017937426,0.000048721853,0.0018052935],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815774,0.00039813793,0.0003785953,0.0001306282,0.0004903947,0.0004445188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980574,0.00014140162,0.0003903315,0.00007727408,0.00062904024,0.0007045568],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015205344,0.00013625927,0.00019236423,0.00047249586,0.000975904,0.00017493205,0.00032304472,0.00012355215,0.0019148341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029345634,0.00012886537,0.00015098222,0.0005036478,0.00013657284,0.00039457946,0.0000027044725,0.0004904495,0.000030764695],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025511615,0.00073067826,0.46895233,0.00009162472,0.0011663733,0.0011563841,0.114519276,0.10141599,0.00080661045,0.042002227,0.21215452,0.05445281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016374363,0.00027997408,0.013567194,0.00008919216,0.000011306913,0.00002095376,0.00025763604,0.000046659552,0.000088649766,0.0015276893,0.9822788,0.00019445691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010305515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012256525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7701243,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006261083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01769627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99899757},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253820099","doi":"10.20343/teachlearningqu.5.2.10","title":"Identifying Keys to Success in Innovative Teaching: Student Engagement and Instructional Practices as Predictors of Student Learning in a Course Using a Team-Based Learning Approach","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching & Learning Inquiry The ISSOTL Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"East Carolina University","keywords":"Psychology; Teamwork; Team-based learning; Student engagement; Cooperative learning; Active learning (machine learning); Exploratory factor analysis; Mathematics education; Feeling; Teaching method; Medical education; Computer science; Social psychology; Psychometrics","score_opus":0.11999279695685683,"score_gpt":0.4556448540159834,"score_spread":0.3356520570591266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4253820099","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889552,0.00020135207,0.00391183,0.0013993839,0.0006748863,0.00070056785,5.1042537e-7,0.00010115966,0.0040551075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931527,0.00006391654,0.0054854015,0.00010054786,0.00075485936,0.000034247023,0.0000041209087,0.00006378839,0.00034046223],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.98466426,0.010617664,0.0011735201,0.0006946188,0.0018708961,0.0009790697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943885,0.0012596662,0.0034711352,0.00033980186,0.00028501952,0.00025586985],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.039005965,0.00043129717,0.0006560873,0.000946514,0.00957494,0.0018939201,0.0014609967,0.0002176346,0.000037507194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012767497,0.00035481984,0.00012416532,0.0005439271,0.0006478769,0.0016958625,0.0007239129,0.010018903,0.0000038636604],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011660772,0.00025290935,0.6399889,0.000037982572,0.00010308842,0.000029944917,0.20479941,0.14215077,0.00048625344,0.0012422933,0.000010079763,0.010781747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025579764,0.0006314957,0.66978896,0.0016496422,0.00012686763,0.00008619954,0.3037449,0.009296821,0.000036370446,0.00016112237,0.011232591,0.0006870535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005536434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002830539,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13285394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00076641154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011312742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254013469","doi":"10.1080/716100584","title":"Student adaptation to problem-based learning in an entry-level master's physical therapy program","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St Joseph's Health Care; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptation (eye); Perception; Coping (psychology); Psychology; Unit (ring theory); Value (mathematics); Medical education; Mathematics education; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.059181825933292444,"score_gpt":0.41620358886351333,"score_spread":0.35702176293022087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4254013469","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94744015,0.0007271214,0.010304804,0.002800417,0.00015744993,0.0028754885,0.000002822393,0.00036954784,0.03532217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874775,0.0002466425,0.009744218,0.0016943743,0.00014978916,0.0002336921,0.0000045447955,0.000030380093,0.00041885587],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9919424,0.006750425,0.00017815964,0.00037784016,0.0003627695,0.00038840272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975423,0.0019048171,0.00014783524,0.00015001844,0.000101336096,0.00015364368],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0048180344,0.00018211354,0.00019207667,0.000105360574,0.00052589754,0.0002693599,0.00016206881,0.00007192898,0.00010931006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054754294,0.00016583758,0.00004419692,0.0004734428,0.00009836779,0.00090430345,0.000009962565,0.0003392861,0.00001544441],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0029912184,0.0022875792,0.0023825387,0.00002446282,0.000050083458,0.0000072825515,0.23864466,0.006011667,0.008039818,0.12107236,0.0000130886765,0.61847526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006601129,0.006513528,0.008196439,0.00022344512,0.000052212046,0.00000485705,0.11487941,0.0014315903,0.0025729188,0.043337163,0.8147238,0.0014635312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034203453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018325701,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8147107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056586574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002228242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.676266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254382723","doi":"10.1111/j.1542-2011.2004.tb04440.x","title":"Problem‐Based Learning in Reproductive Physiology","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Reproductive physiology; Process (computing); Mathematics education; Computer science; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine; Engineering","score_opus":0.022836236362472298,"score_gpt":0.33716573313173415,"score_spread":0.31432949676926186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4254382723","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97501034,0.000931768,0.00029209402,0.021010086,0.00031210636,0.00029113956,7.151577e-7,0.00004120654,0.002110526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939448,0.00041774762,0.0034790556,0.0013543965,0.00057887955,0.000010511654,0.0000010141048,0.000015340238,0.00019821867],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967794,0.00114992,0.000686737,0.0002421719,0.00042502125,0.0007167581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99843013,0.00016548672,0.0008328507,0.0001239009,0.0001896445,0.00025797216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008025173,0.00012354273,0.00043997043,0.0003764922,0.00045031979,0.000032674816,0.0002470209,0.00009675925,0.000098335644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006249562,0.00011336094,0.00008437664,0.0006788256,0.00014382887,0.0003284871,0.000021580849,0.000955069,0.000014916085],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024913051,0.0018784495,0.042444393,0.00071224966,0.00015432991,0.00022840979,0.6070387,0.1621372,0.0067228856,0.019407632,0.0010463282,0.15573816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012040087,0.009345345,0.09637311,0.0021864076,0.000026521735,0.000104886785,0.093675636,0.00005109413,0.0009510901,0.08058124,0.7034289,0.0012356788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016257319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004367488,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70238256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020330565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004814447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85406226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254873760","doi":"10.18260/1-2--33099","title":"Mechanics Knowledge Enhanced with Videos Illustrating Concepts Experienced with Hands-on Activities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Class (philosophy); Preparedness; Mathematics education; Process (computing); Computer science; Active learning (machine learning); Psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.03540716814307362,"score_gpt":0.3276591681350055,"score_spread":0.2922519999919319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4254873760","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5410332,0.000046011988,0.041741017,0.0014171483,0.00007820696,0.0005773248,0.0000016471116,0.0004990193,0.41460642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99623084,0.000010238436,0.0013446397,0.00072793994,0.00018884728,0.000059768812,0.0000016455521,0.000017260854,0.0014188251],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864656,0.00016626835,0.00012878439,0.00033452173,0.00034123156,0.00038262975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992868,0.00022263087,0.00012767462,0.000101180805,0.000076641656,0.00018510087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000249892,0.0001616292,0.00018969653,0.000032968575,0.0007082749,0.00013775697,0.00019625826,0.0000759689,0.00055191625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015458072,0.000113737,0.000029417608,0.0004341754,0.00018436801,0.0003679812,0.000025322845,0.0002215012,0.000030950643],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00082999736,0.00010012641,0.00045161755,0.000067503475,0.000069466296,0.000020871243,0.826466,0.00079878926,0.026304012,0.1018086,0.00050302834,0.042579956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036462806,0.007468782,0.000035277062,0.00039991172,0.000042502943,0.0000027784702,0.6377231,0.0031876888,0.32423776,0.00030722772,0.021693502,0.0012551979],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028704113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016018404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45519763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054992204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045735543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6043096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255066583","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-506348/v1","title":"Experiential Learning for Psychomotor Skills Development of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Students: An Action Research","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"King Saud University","keywords":"Psychomotor learning; Experiential learning; Internship; Medical education; Practicum; Psychology; Curriculum; Medicine; Pedagogy; Psychiatry; Cognition","score_opus":0.19175630096877191,"score_gpt":0.5793777276984735,"score_spread":0.38762142672970157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4255066583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990392,0.0010213569,0.0013989621,0.00058438367,0.0015949553,0.0026335716,0.000013252576,0.00012294938,0.0022385614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893812,0.0020913014,0.002216316,0.000009438382,0.0015902292,0.0016737741,0.00045271567,0.000070212045,0.002514819],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9798836,0.0075132865,0.0008652789,0.0011562739,0.009080224,0.0015013241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935796,0.0009259342,0.00025875465,0.0005876811,0.003976208,0.0006717866],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.033321198,0.00026612822,0.00048476923,0.0008954475,0.0032469875,0.00053983845,0.0021585978,0.00095003744,0.004293384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0038387007,0.00027786667,0.0002226465,0.0012998421,0.00037131127,0.0004180635,0.0017750093,0.0035655517,0.000027160833],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047612996,0.0027958872,0.054047752,0.007683609,0.00035860733,0.000034327742,0.75155276,0.00018829481,0.001820642,0.0008006948,0.00086663815,0.17937465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016656339,0.0010455613,0.016779462,0.005504953,0.00002956563,0.0000011711583,0.63956267,0.00080736587,0.003395454,0.0014529773,0.32868797,0.0010672316],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041928566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0122476285,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32782134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060746504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0058954153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256581453","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/tnpzs","title":"A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most Cited Articles on Problem-based Learning in Medical Education","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Scopus; Citation; Medical education; TUTOR; Psychology; Mathematics education; MEDLINE; Medicine; Computer science; Library science; Political science","score_opus":0.03342946102691372,"score_gpt":0.3566544531466007,"score_spread":0.32322499211968697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4256581453","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96003765,0.00039025812,0.00055522367,0.0063815517,0.00019167738,0.00045723558,0.000002077969,0.000077450306,0.03190686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974632,0.00012900899,0.0007610633,0.00071009167,0.00005806191,0.000064996675,0.000049581602,0.000010307901,0.00075367827],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99582857,0.0016280971,0.00047771333,0.00040577416,0.00136949,0.00029033716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822396,0.0006750545,0.00035558527,0.00031260872,0.00031257689,0.00012022286],"candidate_categories":["bibliometrics","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["bibliometrics"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036680808,0.00014639182,0.00038217977,0.06328923,0.00025948993,0.0001729341,0.000547271,0.000370371,0.0022678422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00579756,0.000111205125,0.00024451892,0.31249878,0.00015340727,0.000065503315,0.00021760403,0.0010305638,0.0000036554457],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002330238,0.00068477896,0.7007073,0.00012644929,0.0002972449,0.0000033060087,0.008523651,0.08747611,0.000059590147,0.00245581,0.0002613376,0.1993811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00086376735,0.00013525333,0.85208386,0.0025007562,0.0011356007,3.5790185e-7,0.011986701,0.116764404,0.00086059526,0.0016401948,0.011136261,0.0008922637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.032244775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015724164,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24920954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018914965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0064699855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99916244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280589054","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2021-0137","title":"Evaluation of Veterinary Medical Student Retention of Pre-clinical Concepts with Various Experiential Learning Methods","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Medical education; Medicine; Perspective (graphical); Teaching method; Psychology; Active learning (machine learning); Veterinary medicine; Mathematics education; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.18895900807493196,"score_gpt":0.5745391360839897,"score_spread":0.3855801280090577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4280589054","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98954886,0.0011063803,0.004644127,0.00088053505,0.0024414335,0.0003000307,8.098964e-7,0.000012698054,0.001065148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949401,0.00023350756,0.0040429183,0.000093401955,0.00053295464,0.00004478292,0.0000089484265,0.00001380951,0.00008957515],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.97958183,0.012956989,0.0013084257,0.00022288636,0.0057017542,0.0002281296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99627376,0.0007250082,0.0015303658,0.00014745738,0.00097279955,0.0003506018],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.04218457,0.000117609525,0.00041569254,0.00021677667,0.00035706186,0.000018922045,0.0005098927,0.00017024198,0.0058594155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0085637225,0.00010402343,0.00017661392,0.00040633255,0.00046116815,0.00026412,0.00016445325,0.0010006953,8.104832e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018085266,0.0023409538,0.0073583503,0.000096323456,0.000245512,0.000055106415,0.05815277,0.00047408082,0.0015543305,0.00029448248,0.0004376035,0.92718196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.021080503,0.116635345,0.1916776,0.004061956,0.0027147601,0.0045015267,0.275981,0.018921867,0.0005059233,0.0021180068,0.36025897,0.0015425398],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028185116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000980079,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92563945,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029520525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00964334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978757},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281262327","doi":"10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00271","title":"Acceptance of problem-based learning by preclinical students from a public university and its impact on their learning","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Medical education; Project-based learning; Population; Mathematics education; Session (web analytics); Teaching method; Medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.0970727970271163,"score_gpt":0.46976135474331104,"score_spread":0.37268855771619475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281262327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99190307,0.002894707,0.000036607067,0.0045219855,0.000026450492,0.00018377641,0.000012203643,0.00002897014,0.00039221867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978659,0.0018201852,0.00007525443,0.000016220658,0.000032202526,0.0000025986415,0.000002096686,0.000008102032,0.00017742354],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959621,0.002460908,0.00024644902,0.00019694566,0.00074020366,0.00039342736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979792,0.0011705001,0.00031690113,0.00006115087,0.0003142906,0.00015796217],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006304804,0.00008916352,0.0002473157,0.00066167867,0.0012800263,0.000054620446,0.0006174027,0.0000743961,0.00035962122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011348949,0.00007793609,0.00005748779,0.0010156068,0.00040470582,0.00023557157,0.00033490828,0.0027226713,0.0000010224506],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015752345,0.0005637247,0.81828994,0.00004243222,0.00024533118,0.00010091268,0.004240741,0.0005142991,0.020393042,0.0020045342,0.0005465252,0.15148328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015556177,0.010735774,0.010394694,0.00033990594,0.00009940583,0.000051549094,0.047533084,0.004971329,0.012583491,0.0061028693,0.8909624,0.00066930946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027490177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001574784,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8904159,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015270853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006153568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99957806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283366689","doi":"10.5430/wje.v12n3p1","title":"Effect of Project-Based Learning Towards Collaboration among Students in the Design and Technology Subject","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Project-based learning; Test (biology); Mathematics education; Psychology; Teaching method; Cooperative learning; Control (management); Group work; Intervention (counseling); Educational technology; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.013286722357146936,"score_gpt":0.35812120141083553,"score_spread":0.3448344790536886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283366689","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99567276,0.0005711775,0.00016534718,0.0020633212,0.0002609679,0.0005223779,2.2055673e-7,0.000007213732,0.0007366225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992385,0.000026634865,0.00038329017,0.000038462324,0.000055950517,0.000053522097,0.000001184716,0.0000044508524,0.0001979993],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962445,0.0029080343,0.00023457206,0.00007264698,0.00043068285,0.00010959682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989159,0.00045923708,0.00041559487,0.000052158313,0.00014040706,0.000016708056],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008603202,0.00005412262,0.00012565048,0.000730496,0.00038502965,0.0000577981,0.00024324271,0.000026257117,0.00002356412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007346609,0.00004206396,0.00002228907,0.0020770517,0.00008322036,0.00015650471,0.00001921348,0.00038821247,1.7396002e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032231762,0.0002704561,0.863047,0.000049891318,0.000020637091,0.000004410694,0.047758676,0.0035965834,0.00074223685,0.0008127346,0.0017657095,0.08160933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0087153185,0.018447775,0.2977688,0.001147812,0.0005307056,0.000062868094,0.38034692,0.001656866,0.012839824,0.0030334995,0.27440283,0.0010467592],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000581189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038613676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56527823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001630663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015170202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29817155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288080631","doi":"10.15252/embr.202255780","title":"After 2 years of a pandemic, students are struggling to find strong reference letters","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EMBO Reports","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Political science; History; Virology; Biology; Medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score_opus":0.03127048978719624,"score_gpt":0.3316092448607906,"score_spread":0.3003387550735943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4288080631","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966575,0.00008937877,0.00004086467,0.00020189206,0.00027375706,0.00022493908,0.0000074797535,0.00004367278,0.002460542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983593,0.0000051904603,0.00021644842,0.00030674352,0.000066681794,0.00006615514,0.00000486187,0.0000098167375,0.0009648012],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982061,0.0002156564,0.0002799688,0.00026020393,0.0007702727,0.00026784636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993587,0.00006144294,0.00025611743,0.00020214224,0.000034803583,0.000086768676],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014411943,0.000069938134,0.00015012162,0.0000932508,0.0002740465,0.000040060277,0.00020028037,0.000030439965,0.00094672304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018218867,0.00008299344,0.000045948356,0.0002654824,0.00003997427,0.00008749241,0.0002092292,0.00022586968,0.000005916468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003098322,0.00004051697,0.97065824,0.000011065246,0.000021697944,0.00045982175,0.019018255,0.001039011,0.0009014558,0.00004944023,0.00077411515,0.0069954246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022060459,0.00010296298,0.7784152,0.00009368905,0.000030452213,0.000024415229,0.012577709,0.0000050250374,0.00008826554,0.00025247186,0.20782958,0.00035959546],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00153474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046142665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20705546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012092436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014211146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292267434","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i2.4431","title":"Pharmacy Students’ Experiences of Self-regulated Learning through Simulated Virtual Patients","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"INNOVATIONS in pharmacy","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Vancouver General Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacy; Thematic analysis; Medical education; Virtual patient; Psychology; Patient care; Medicine; Nursing; Qualitative research","score_opus":0.036379081273401136,"score_gpt":0.3893580682960094,"score_spread":0.35297898702260827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4292267434","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993751,0.000058977592,0.000052089843,0.00024684353,0.00056554936,0.0004768978,0.0000061395453,0.00018706215,0.004655456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988012,0.000032468764,0.0001742044,0.00026738681,0.00005978721,0.00011880199,0.000057457284,0.00001822494,0.00047050984],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969716,0.000823527,0.00059649645,0.00028484268,0.00094681745,0.0003767144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989776,0.00024321386,0.0003279265,0.00011749577,0.00029418207,0.000039605908],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013351385,0.00013932964,0.00019265944,0.00036965325,0.001276943,0.00005655635,0.00061786664,0.000025399064,0.0020805846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002936224,0.00016281854,0.000046466863,0.0041050143,0.00014932598,0.00060773094,0.0002530352,0.00058601884,0.000009951645],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009342226,0.0009049564,0.48377168,0.0000098722585,0.00006333254,0.000006037263,0.4823537,0.02048678,0.0005869991,0.00329581,0.00043738753,0.007990038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013108438,0.00041567022,0.009449165,0.00006559002,0.00007109291,0.0000017504942,0.28089246,0.009537667,0.004039235,0.0009162696,0.68042463,0.0010780189],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025998103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024052175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67998725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023858165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038321607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988316},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294190799","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2021-0016","title":"Novel Board Game versus Active Case-Based Discussion to Teach Final-Year Veterinary Students the Diagnostic Approach to Clinical Cases","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Dice; Test (biology); Medical education; Process (computing); Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.2059535250345797,"score_gpt":0.485255590466262,"score_spread":0.2793020654316823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294190799","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9741582,0.00006951704,0.0013960479,0.01937203,0.0039305654,0.00055912725,0.000009561183,0.000020102536,0.00048479968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935724,0.00002571534,0.0024417588,0.0022299164,0.0013748638,0.00014012793,0.000007647183,0.000018517288,0.00018905792],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9949887,0.0020165609,0.000622548,0.00027681215,0.0017582992,0.000337082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960074,0.0025601408,0.00036095883,0.00022355939,0.00016610968,0.00068182277],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0052699195,0.00015029675,0.00027571342,0.00020787345,0.0009212428,0.00008994203,0.000846878,0.00009807504,0.00041392603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012711523,0.00009856311,0.00017586973,0.00054836017,0.0001521233,0.00018759788,0.00032130856,0.0010114844,0.00001400496],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.024456413,0.021725323,0.016875695,0.0001736161,0.00038609022,0.0061965836,0.11192125,0.0027626378,0.0005337696,0.0005303068,0.064148486,0.7502898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004402801,0.02548407,0.04269154,0.00040934118,0.00019525165,0.0056723077,0.105159365,0.00018881532,0.0000066044026,0.000057603575,0.815183,0.0005492889],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00054390583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032962613,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75103456,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048632815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0031023535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956048},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297257122","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2022-0049","title":"Identifying Benefits, Challenges, and Options for Improvement of Veterinary Work-Based Learning in Bangladesh","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Staffing; Curriculum; Work (physics); Context (archaeology); Medical education; Medicine; Focus group; Veterinary medicine; Psychology; Nursing; Business; Pedagogy; Engineering; Marketing","score_opus":0.1270130505556554,"score_gpt":0.3964383102224098,"score_spread":0.26942525966675435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297257122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811438,0.011849315,0.00023947332,0.0056015514,0.0007668915,0.00022644174,0.0000015701521,0.000009708318,0.00016125775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99549216,0.0020128265,0.0019949907,0.00014478179,0.00021973508,0.00006484657,0.0000065666636,0.000009526445,0.000054571472],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832195,0.0003918927,0.00043211138,0.00012073656,0.0005505561,0.00018274985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990171,0.00028959903,0.00038855293,0.00005922128,0.00010482314,0.00014065455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037707423,0.000070690716,0.00017509288,0.00027792316,0.00031736447,0.000018233166,0.0001925875,0.0000612164,0.00022551403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00075524714,0.00007494852,0.00006833433,0.00021555882,0.000072497176,0.00018037672,0.00006499944,0.00042296498,2.1960778e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049584126,0.00061751896,0.0022102639,0.00026112277,0.000023247263,0.00001846002,0.017262993,0.00057890447,0.0014310145,0.0016239875,0.00017440566,0.9753022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0074403114,0.02685892,0.10096708,0.0038877353,0.0001636374,0.0003978272,0.0985434,0.0010332752,0.00014899019,0.0035625566,0.7560895,0.0009067629],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009701795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016134163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97439545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019112788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014585179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3056312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297540782","doi":"10.5539/jel.v11n6p96","title":"Correlation of First-Year Medical Students’ Performance in Case-Based Small-Group Discussions with Overall Academic Performance in the Department of Medical Physiology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Psychology; Physiology; Medicine","score_opus":0.019064050620953357,"score_gpt":0.3280667486358686,"score_spread":0.30900269801491526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297540782","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961598,0.00020039428,0.000064027336,0.0031360264,0.00012103033,0.00012091086,2.706771e-7,0.0000020404188,0.00019553631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992492,0.00038106527,0.000104608625,0.00013505683,0.00007141791,0.000014672098,0.0000037653074,0.0000036550891,0.000036553673],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99747986,0.0009860172,0.00037303052,0.00007727917,0.0009573686,0.00012645453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989808,0.0004505896,0.00041302445,0.00004350075,0.00004748208,0.00006461122],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0058443644,0.000054556873,0.00014696937,0.0001745263,0.00034038478,0.000009663425,0.00027704728,0.00007031686,0.00028346176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039559207,0.000035328372,0.000025238951,0.00030656668,0.00010892029,0.00011205654,0.000038933616,0.001225847,2.3785114e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012725467,0.00025556973,0.9557962,0.000041696494,0.0000066307935,0.0000074321088,0.0268035,0.008073421,0.0000051574934,0.00027399563,0.000029991554,0.008579174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014015817,0.0008776152,0.9126285,0.0005286352,0.00001929538,0.00016497936,0.06526327,0.0072589586,0.000003926973,0.000021091902,0.011743299,0.000088897425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000271158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043393314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04316773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000082319355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007583356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5325764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4302409228","doi":"","title":"Systems thinking and structural competence in and for medical education","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Psychology; Systems thinking; Engineering ethics; Medical education; Knowledge management; Medicine; Computer science; Engineering; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.24269542811804437,"score_gpt":0.6065438020827028,"score_spread":0.3638483739646584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4302409228","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.974735,0.016465692,0.0001324534,0.0012063528,0.0008243756,0.00058568816,0.0000052935015,0.000013944097,0.0060312003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949739,0.004241108,0.00025155113,0.00014080536,0.00022977777,0.000028424145,0.0000019109311,0.00000980633,0.00012274813],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837434,0.00030259215,0.0003512766,0.00023125361,0.0005005234,0.00023998406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985222,0.0004148239,0.00054913695,0.00016922118,0.0001455435,0.00019906754],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037200148,0.00010896218,0.00031849934,0.00022457732,0.0014137953,0.0027853325,0.0014743096,0.00010341866,0.0004072169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020972113,0.000096465934,0.000030958585,0.00013109375,0.00031324168,0.0021699145,0.00037204512,0.00024572626,4.3670966e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040813356,0.00002043671,0.93517154,0.00011404963,0.00001821304,0.0000036169138,0.0037449175,0.000010535348,0.00045853303,0.005448265,0.00093087956,0.054038186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004957755,0.0000079100555,0.9552096,0.0012198152,0.00001742188,0.000009013632,0.001983868,0.0007462822,0.000084789695,0.031149453,0.008835229,0.00024083439],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017988946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020078449,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05379735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005160946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00064086664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304891392","doi":"","title":"Problem-based learning for inter-professional education: evidence from an inter-professional PBL module on palliative care","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Palliative care; Professional learning community; Professional development; Medical education; Computer science; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medicine; Nursing","score_opus":0.28185195038572647,"score_gpt":0.5960356724516024,"score_spread":0.3141837220658759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4304891392","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97155416,0.007181939,0.003981359,0.004720105,0.0035465357,0.0033197773,0.00006376012,0.00014913033,0.0054832427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990925,0.000561005,0.003301501,0.0011248677,0.0007665895,0.0008233497,0.00011533201,0.00006154117,0.002320802],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9948537,0.0018390474,0.00086171273,0.000766987,0.001061026,0.00061752443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99425554,0.002190059,0.001212229,0.00040004964,0.0014834703,0.00045866182],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022269932,0.00038951574,0.00063004217,0.0005862717,0.0017482366,0.0015127573,0.0029188227,0.00026252688,0.01931306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001726421,0.0003373012,0.00024188418,0.00075551914,0.00027685773,0.004441083,0.0005041334,0.0010784813,0.00006886076],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006057666,0.0006416326,0.74985176,0.00024509578,0.000120051336,0.000003441198,0.02188266,0.0011998104,0.010482988,0.0004937095,0.036679447,0.17779362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019005407,0.00031612892,0.80557674,0.01892683,0.00016710478,7.4739836e-7,0.033470552,0.00219704,0.011219457,0.03964852,0.08468864,0.0018876729],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013746534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00091319566,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17590594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041803022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024675939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999079},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308709637","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi.15939","title":"Design and Development of an Open-Source Virtual Reality Chemical Processing Plant","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Lawrence College; Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Queen's University","keywords":"Experiential learning; Virtual reality; Human–computer interaction; Engineering; Computer science; Multimedia; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.022182580169423167,"score_gpt":0.2604800781062693,"score_spread":0.2382974979368461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4308709637","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877779,0.00011255803,0.0006836058,0.0050801034,0.00053013174,0.001198347,0.000024848405,0.000104217346,0.0044883173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937391,0.0000016542602,0.0055142283,0.00010076978,0.00004934212,0.00007314386,0.000009632983,0.00001341046,0.0004987045],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990208,0.000041470998,0.00021771649,0.00014912857,0.00036098572,0.00020990173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992018,0.000057306017,0.0003345348,0.000041816114,0.00021763642,0.00014690803],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024502291,0.000072300645,0.000115055525,0.00012425928,0.0007660259,0.00011256917,0.00041131338,0.00006211112,0.000026083611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006454295,0.00007849519,0.000013571161,0.0003627482,0.000025052801,0.00026520362,0.000079095546,0.00018634561,2.8470237e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001079322,0.0007644998,0.05342652,0.0008482351,0.00026111124,3.0669952e-7,0.5935962,0.02097173,0.0516188,0.04505418,0.020843232,0.21250725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014093794,0.00023795287,0.04649134,0.00053633825,0.00013750044,0.000011771297,0.069440156,0.025824184,0.035540573,0.0011286514,0.81766874,0.0015734101],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015712408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033288626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7968255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016385537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033426534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99084204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308713041","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi.15929","title":"Journey Continues: Piloting Competency-based Assessment in a First-year Engineering Course on Ethics, Communication, and Creative Problem Solving","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"York University","keywords":"Grading (engineering); Competence (human resources); Normative; Transformative learning; Engineering education; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medical education; Pedagogy; Engineering management; Political science; Medicine","score_opus":0.013236579872652714,"score_gpt":0.27460728352282965,"score_spread":0.26137070365017695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4308713041","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.658141,0.0010844562,0.00021723611,0.23743342,0.0024916527,0.0047976826,0.00012974783,0.00056172675,0.09514309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928328,0.000026229214,0.006000046,0.0003306812,0.000066654065,0.00015036282,0.000009356018,0.00002681996,0.00055706745],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984712,0.00010161669,0.00031976102,0.00019737029,0.0005481297,0.00036193556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983442,0.00050208,0.00045065326,0.00009455184,0.0004534458,0.00015507548],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003925708,0.0001345568,0.00018103262,0.0003523811,0.0013028666,0.00017365867,0.00038272972,0.0001122262,0.00006497169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026244144,0.00015544643,0.000050670522,0.00071123603,0.00003802433,0.00025300047,0.000053892734,0.0011133745,8.937195e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010051932,0.00022414571,0.5828629,0.00038530183,0.00009289735,2.7743752e-7,0.09592586,0.057047073,0.00026392378,0.256764,0.006035881,0.0003876735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022284305,0.000255729,0.673257,0.003126261,0.00016625974,0.000003373662,0.09307823,0.047282144,0.0002648392,0.0036098228,0.17523499,0.0014929066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.047528375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04877542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3346918,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0036999614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038133555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310714805","doi":"10.36834/cmej.75144","title":"Outcomes of inquiry-based learning in health professions education: a scoping review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"London Health Sciences Centre; Western University; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Hospital for Sick Children","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Conceptualization; Curiosity; Critical thinking; Data collection; Psychological intervention; Medical education; Inquiry-based learning; Health professions; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science; Nursing; Mathematics education; Health care; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.11675785132314595,"score_gpt":0.5008069052210509,"score_spread":0.3840490538979049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310714805","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[4.5946138e-7,0.9574879,0.0000148080935,0.036057256,0.0026873692,0.0012467445,0.000002414723,0.000014284937,0.0024887952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000003964822,0.9803162,0.00028532976,0.017499909,0.00058848155,0.00033224424,0.000077398756,0.000027922864,0.00086850737],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9919107,0.0046943747,0.0014836352,0.0002630352,0.0010749194,0.00057336903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9933993,0.00060427043,0.001350358,0.00019549712,0.00017389009,0.004276691],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009839344,0.00021551504,0.001245829,0.0010966777,0.0012438553,0.000054507735,0.0006872106,0.00027018067,0.049704492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04211756,0.00019695383,0.0002852907,0.0015517077,0.00017415019,0.00012635216,0.000027027409,0.0028972,0.000018170558],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[2.9022556e-7,0.00006984436,0.00016003533,0.02889257,0.000009667851,0.0000034975496,0.0026898407,0.0000011302237,1.4969127e-10,0.00054766325,0.013338887,0.9542866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000045913697,0.00001715414,0.000008136426,0.32094437,0.000029053528,0.000016824584,0.002113596,4.849814e-7,4.680681e-10,0.000021515765,0.67668754,0.00011541438],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.038155813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.051205948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9541712,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022002107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.72459346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994032},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310955528","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2022-0046","title":"Comparison of Veterinary Student Understanding of Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts When Given a Pre-Lecture Activity of a Text-Only Narrative versus an Interactive Electronic Book","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Narrative; Comprehension; Visualization; Psychology; Medical education; Mathematics education; Medicine; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics","score_opus":0.1039358972588224,"score_gpt":0.45702884366696006,"score_spread":0.35309294640813765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310955528","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99581283,0.00093033747,0.00089334435,0.0006585604,0.0009206502,0.00033098873,0.0000045252596,0.0000076087217,0.00044115068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99952084,0.00009471589,0.00013979302,0.000031568823,0.00013991137,0.00001706182,0.000005327794,0.000012422807,0.00003838274],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955723,0.0019493683,0.0007610559,0.00017146634,0.0012980946,0.00024768026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970996,0.0005243779,0.0018403701,0.00013886995,0.00022045833,0.0001763258],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022279979,0.00013543833,0.00051888457,0.00028949353,0.00026989164,0.000014446158,0.00047198948,0.00009742621,0.0009879174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006015011,0.00013034657,0.00014306912,0.00029537044,0.00019960557,0.00052334054,0.00010178225,0.00076573034,2.0629035e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.014637172,0.0055562314,0.016091393,0.0005985004,0.0005858304,0.000040568477,0.8870166,0.00037631334,0.033635803,0.00058173365,0.00074919936,0.04013066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005999426,0.0952583,0.030572783,0.0030703177,0.00051923963,0.000706478,0.84473926,0.0017496672,0.0013038464,0.0020689156,0.013284427,0.00072735606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048909907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000116424766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08970207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012816514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0056354976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999253},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312061324","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2022-0093","title":"Online Case-Based Course in Veterinary Radiographic Interpretation Generates Better Short- and Long-Term Learning Outcomes than a Virtual Lecture-Based Course","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Final examination; Medicine; Online course; Mathematics education; Medical education; Psychology","score_opus":0.04159046492863484,"score_gpt":0.38674543513493304,"score_spread":0.3451549702062982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312061324","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98776996,0.0017233586,0.0013850676,0.007862124,0.00100216,0.00021099942,0.00000452058,0.000026772866,0.000015019738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968017,0.00008939398,0.0005906386,0.0020279377,0.00035954622,0.000036641562,0.00005114455,0.000022875874,0.000020165558],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960032,0.0019846412,0.0005902535,0.00023557337,0.0008730132,0.00031329464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856013,0.00052345154,0.00036775976,0.00011184865,0.00013284973,0.00030397662],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027960772,0.00018648882,0.000330224,0.0005036141,0.0005731041,0.000083701765,0.00026308084,0.00012997785,0.0005894967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062213186,0.00017625658,0.00014425372,0.00050294725,0.00024494805,0.00029753253,0.00005464932,0.0011278837,6.375774e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010513761,0.0026401465,0.6682175,0.00010900196,0.00010793856,0.004210708,0.010875117,0.004304763,0.0009016851,0.00002679271,0.00019963252,0.30735537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0059336037,0.020125248,0.8915059,0.0014613181,0.00044586373,0.010201837,0.017965185,0.036098067,0.000046778667,0.00017439986,0.014726358,0.0013154331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022202285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002176305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30603996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022135563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027886997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7187535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312177401","doi":"10.18357/otessac.2022.1.1.98","title":"Favoriser l’alignement pédagogique lors d’une migration en formation à distance: Une Démarche SoTL","year":2022,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"The Open/Technology in Education Society and Scholarship Association Conference","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03740370049069507,"score_gpt":0.3394824655910103,"score_spread":0.3020787651003152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312177401","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42464632,0.0044538924,0.0017634028,0.5626437,0.0015288421,0.0016119671,0.00007355481,0.000104793406,0.003173509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97446066,0.007081659,0.0008571235,0.002335388,0.00015103281,0.00096754014,0.00015492542,0.000019918092,0.013971763],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99434197,0.00314571,0.00067232666,0.0005159949,0.0007119016,0.0006121041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99751735,0.0007056626,0.000938538,0.00034558045,0.0004061367,0.00008675655],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010364036,0.00026226748,0.00033016206,0.00014866279,0.003285077,0.00054962665,0.0011702552,0.00060705526,0.0004934992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00085609633,0.00027482418,0.00010792353,0.0030498623,0.0004081343,0.0016842578,0.00051481905,0.0022228186,0.00003782154],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051013936,0.00064760324,0.1069958,0.00009395418,0.00011802477,0.0000011716364,0.20582598,0.00027886534,0.00041078957,0.5384777,0.013102104,0.13399698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008381653,0.00016041473,0.019302752,0.00017148175,0.00009817939,0.0000075237185,0.2864805,0.0013108326,0.0002520134,0.14857136,0.5423042,0.0005026051],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038207832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005732597,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56030834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003474455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002151157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313049822","doi":"10.24908/pceea.vi0.14844","title":"SITUATED LEARNING PERSPECTIVE FOR ONLINE APPROACHES TO LABORATORY AND PROJECT WORK","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Situated; Experiential learning; Situated learning; Learning cycle; Perspective (graphical); Mediation; Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Sociology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.03756902997943381,"score_gpt":0.26519864812440097,"score_spread":0.22762961814496716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313049822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9053242,0.00082484406,0.00010230912,0.0740464,0.0012917926,0.0019562866,0.00007858677,0.0002347817,0.016140787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883386,0.00001723208,0.005711637,0.00032103373,0.0003071786,0.00010178454,0.000012885147,0.000024678464,0.0051649935],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915355,0.000027852659,0.00013973139,0.00019616412,0.00020762466,0.00027506377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985417,0.00011583482,0.0001609124,0.000040541046,0.0009879866,0.00015298555],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008442879,0.00008972425,0.00012111298,0.00019050605,0.00047349892,0.00014494825,0.00012935342,0.00011882247,0.000007919513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006316583,0.00009645762,0.000043555152,0.0011247772,0.000018661316,0.00015938295,0.000019521302,0.00020739155,0.0000011667954],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003606907,0.0003096592,0.31351855,0.0007198084,0.00046207916,3.4093821e-7,0.30517465,0.0035084034,0.00481476,0.30687904,0.049990926,0.0145857055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005052018,0.00006536193,0.09523191,0.00048169954,0.00014194477,0.0000011739668,0.09518092,0.00094046653,0.0022767994,0.0010001285,0.8034514,0.0007229618],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012616343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.025218833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7534605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018043341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00269288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9939587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313332060","doi":"10.1186/s12909-022-03966-8","title":"Does your group matter? How group function impacts educational outcomes in problem-based learning: a scoping review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BMC Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"CINAHL; Context (archaeology); Medical education; Psychology; Experiential learning; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; MEDLINE; Medicine; Nursing; Pedagogy; Psychological intervention","score_opus":0.07107606392677207,"score_gpt":0.42510391287195354,"score_spread":0.35402784894518147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313332060","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000009294563,0.9823447,0.000275966,0.009415966,0.0024919675,0.003572523,0.0000046733303,0.00010962618,0.0017752807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000030984047,0.98905176,0.00084740913,0.0020721431,0.00094726315,0.0038426581,0.0012208903,0.00006707822,0.0019198189],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9913079,0.0044753985,0.0010347214,0.0008011668,0.001712142,0.000668663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956088,0.0023832214,0.0010841835,0.0003463443,0.000083337036,0.0004941286],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006504745,0.00047057684,0.0014047769,0.00044196015,0.00074990233,0.000208366,0.0006732258,0.0004565594,0.017191455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010577474,0.00033315044,0.0004770359,0.0013918574,0.00015967622,0.0003935943,0.00009853705,0.0016977364,0.00015717559],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000076398,0.0005989504,0.010455501,0.15249512,0.000031701893,0.0000011486264,0.0006926284,0.0000014331393,2.433246e-8,0.00094117457,0.0037430364,0.8310316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016193505,0.00005506983,0.00032607123,0.20414335,0.0002093182,0.000002796809,0.00038862033,0.0000029327286,3.4184828e-9,0.00016960273,0.7941574,0.0003828998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017769196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037978757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8306487,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011099383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.030886946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999121},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313505576","doi":"10.1177/028072701903700106","title":"Teaching with Cases in Disaster and Emergency Management Programs: Instructional Design Guidance","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Roads University","funders":"","keywords":"Schema (genetic algorithms); Discipline; Domain (mathematical analysis); Field (mathematics); Computer science; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; Engineering ethics; Medical education; Psychology; Engineering; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.02228567824810926,"score_gpt":0.3001219836513995,"score_spread":0.2778363054032903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313505576","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97864485,0.00034656958,0.006007917,0.0017683125,0.0017711323,0.00030009527,0.0000026258447,0.00001639575,0.011142114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877235,0.00027284765,0.010183741,0.00005862852,0.00023073502,0.000010036838,0.000002024584,0.000012474126,0.0015059608],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980477,0.0002734584,0.00045409673,0.00017393826,0.0008069397,0.00024386114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992542,0.00007493368,0.00033137752,0.00007221711,0.00018165544,0.00008556159],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010975922,0.00012969376,0.00015636736,0.0002621575,0.000112710084,0.000072413124,0.0003766431,0.000039950773,0.00033657267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006585826,0.00010775415,0.00006307744,0.00015565334,0.0001023038,0.0006925483,0.000051985648,0.00018299726,0.000008455987],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012911397,0.0003168388,0.7493215,0.00011721322,0.0007189517,0.00041902353,0.045683015,0.005045553,0.00090627966,0.053578045,0.0005782641,0.14202416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01049453,0.0034329055,0.14910814,0.0040132846,0.0003400189,0.00093704084,0.40028957,0.0022569697,0.00024626398,0.020771822,0.40533957,0.0027698786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037265467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035726087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6002134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012560328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008995701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43940866},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4316511229","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2022-0041","title":"Evaluation of Student Engagement, Communication, and Collaboration During Online Group Work: Experiences of Fourth-Year Veterinary Medicine Students","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Group work; Medical education; Student engagement; Psychology; Collaborative learning; Work (physics); Task (project management); Pedagogy; Medicine; Engineering","score_opus":0.18754916957128787,"score_gpt":0.5101227889375531,"score_spread":0.3225736193662653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4316511229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99571526,0.0013016814,0.000025232668,0.0018404593,0.0006479261,0.00026657197,8.542494e-7,0.000011818434,0.00019022201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996338,0.0026690457,0.00060947705,0.000034755747,0.00026833775,0.000026688958,0.000013553875,0.00000727423,0.00003286921],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9943643,0.0020914539,0.00073392264,0.00011577846,0.0025558968,0.00013862216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976169,0.00031886838,0.0007990493,0.00014786053,0.00097187405,0.00014546218],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.012846135,0.00008539475,0.00023657818,0.00032066525,0.0002501066,0.000023664034,0.0004089851,0.00008361586,0.00035553987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029861962,0.00007528209,0.00003542502,0.00080535177,0.00032502192,0.00037072066,0.00012131964,0.00021845906,9.258738e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056702114,0.0017790685,0.060449205,0.00029685555,0.000212614,0.000014773708,0.8224856,0.00010383862,0.0058391197,0.00048545707,0.0011773078,0.10658911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023288222,0.0023558803,0.34780207,0.0019016817,0.0001815823,0.000028222648,0.6415971,0.00012602289,0.000053750737,0.00047438912,0.0029999563,0.00015053911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008066893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023060682,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28735286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013899428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001060154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44522396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317035450","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs20221611620","title":"Effectiveness of Small Group Discussion Sessions in Teaching Biochemistry for Undergraduate Medical Students","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Abbott (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Curriculum; Small group learning; Likert scale; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.016795806420523335,"score_gpt":0.35682465803543206,"score_spread":0.3400288516149087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4317035450","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97294575,0.00006157476,0.013107716,0.003828615,0.00026434293,0.00070920994,0.000008821669,0.00007206887,0.009001916],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983326,0.000006526253,0.00063175027,0.000049533257,0.000026458842,0.00013300119,0.00001664143,0.000007002471,0.00079645513],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.997561,0.0012400327,0.00016309864,0.00018495058,0.0006424146,0.00020850342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989798,0.00079048384,0.00006180395,0.00007766869,0.0000133692165,0.00007686526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0070296302,0.00006147757,0.00012971403,0.00006224047,0.0006744317,0.000020256517,0.00042818926,0.000054915163,0.00014151252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007297312,0.00004318688,0.000056052268,0.00019306445,0.000060319264,0.000048328202,0.0002593769,0.0003049616,5.016043e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00078747736,0.0030579611,0.68086344,0.0012888273,0.00011126287,0.000032614946,0.02579186,0.0008165927,0.033682875,0.10999573,0.000801921,0.14276947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.039845724,0.003966382,0.18493749,0.008265348,0.00031599373,0.000023014563,0.30476323,0.009176926,0.027689496,0.21722701,0.19903345,0.004755932],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002050994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00048475026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49592593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014153056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023753755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51872516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318670956","doi":"10.1002/bmb.21713","title":"The value of team‐based learning in a pandemic and five simple tips to get started","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Simple (philosophy); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Value (mathematics); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Mathematics education; Virology; Medicine; Philosophy; Machine learning; Pathology; Epistemology; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score_opus":0.010738142927402808,"score_gpt":0.3352511064636414,"score_spread":0.3245129635362386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4318670956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99717146,0.00045474854,0.00014230677,0.0014973427,0.000034522684,0.00012748966,0.000002044456,0.000023617271,0.00054645806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99925977,0.000112345224,0.00012942764,0.00016893273,0.000025547311,0.00002872301,0.000042291547,0.0000031834063,0.00022980402],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993874,0.00018310027,0.00009627457,0.00014470733,0.00004271034,0.00014584618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996895,0.000119920296,0.000048244925,0.00006230554,0.000034589528,0.00004544647],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067952473,0.000048995043,0.00006400862,0.000043029566,0.00020570107,0.000013233097,0.000057487072,0.00009082062,0.0000029203554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00065947935,0.000042656047,0.000012713107,0.00023335984,0.00012767762,0.000012133127,0.000023935638,0.00009363739,0.000001107728],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047892885,0.000036099224,0.13999774,0.000061274295,0.000015966258,7.079338e-7,0.0072589004,0.0001228,0.80327404,0.0022616717,0.0008122161,0.046110682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019687943,0.00065086596,0.08365311,0.0003836261,0.000083095045,0.000008677194,0.07357785,0.002554889,0.48857823,0.02297621,0.32442835,0.0011363205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00082243414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32361612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001949821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000378071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1739463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320495799","doi":"10.1111/eje.12900","title":"Multiple cases in case‐based learning: A qualitative description study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal Of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"Thematic analysis; Session (web analytics); Medical education; Qualitative research; Problem-based learning; Psychology; Active learning (machine learning); Medicine; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.10938834980437805,"score_gpt":0.42200948845882635,"score_spread":0.3126211386544483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320495799","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964629,0.00007565855,0.000120255114,0.00028359087,0.0005347856,0.00019264597,6.522468e-7,0.000031957963,0.0022975877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99881136,0.000011750099,0.0003288845,0.00004072294,0.00023374896,0.0000034702175,0.0000050522985,0.0000138943,0.0005511241],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99439526,0.0047038915,0.00034778554,0.000104596766,0.0002858512,0.00016264299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990477,0.00037353762,0.00030725938,0.00005033556,0.00013349662,0.000087671935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005817771,0.000070224254,0.00010706012,0.00043067435,0.0003244977,0.000096318276,0.00011809164,0.000014460625,0.00004890303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021275557,0.00006973399,0.00005226763,0.0007250101,0.0000492642,0.00035670827,0.000015796648,0.00028022027,0.000085072],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012086542,0.00076955784,0.34056127,0.000015867457,0.000018686815,0.0031813823,0.607155,0.0010575287,0.00040747167,0.00006035283,0.0008846204,0.045767374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071529765,0.0005946669,0.06668575,0.00008802152,0.000015692362,0.00019277954,0.92595017,0.00008798929,0.000022087137,0.000025781708,0.005520014,0.000101729805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015510728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017373764,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31879517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017153408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004360701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28436697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322730833","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4356478","title":"Using Nominal Group Technique to Determine Skills that Applied Improvisation Can Teach Health Profession Education Learners","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Improvisation; Nominal group technique; Medical education; Group (periodic table); Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science; Knowledge management; Chemistry; Art","score_opus":0.028001622672974243,"score_gpt":0.3602696586101412,"score_spread":0.332268035937167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4322730833","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8878377,0.00036314665,0.08894404,0.015738547,0.00095142965,0.002744221,0.0000026695545,0.00044024017,0.0029780203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951822,0.00038136917,0.0018716182,0.000436726,0.0005532158,0.000076950935,0.000016939512,0.000029375522,0.0014516002],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99644285,0.00047907763,0.00027204116,0.00026150153,0.00041635806,0.0021281634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925935,0.000057718327,0.00029620202,0.000117217285,0.00005769087,0.00021181305],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008055516,0.00014218119,0.00017306846,0.0004171213,0.001529879,0.0001059145,0.0002534059,0.00011772477,0.00001490845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012853573,0.00013632771,0.000059664493,0.0007543307,0.000045338038,0.00025931594,0.000041293675,0.0013608544,0.000019066561],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000061368075,0.00011146954,0.0033583627,0.00003444858,0.00002494224,0.0000010373867,0.022349201,0.0001537838,0.019809296,0.046527423,0.00025050875,0.9073182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030001567,0.0033678687,0.009215981,0.0013967607,0.00015830717,0.0004051124,0.6122295,0.0013058826,0.0047596954,0.29115307,0.07020573,0.0028019252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050529162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0077750892,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9045162,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0035398148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.014091086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361980668","doi":"10.54691/bcpep.v9i.4603","title":"The Impact of the Project-Based Learning Method on Students","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BCP Education & Psychology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Teamwork; Problem-based learning; Project-based learning; Mathematics education; Psychology; Work (physics); Active learning (machine learning); Teaching method; Computer science; Engineering; Political science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.06538917630443832,"score_gpt":0.5582773388577041,"score_spread":0.49288816255326584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4361980668","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90539634,0.00013523405,0.00020934982,0.015890816,0.0026198518,0.0011574873,0.0000028405223,0.0001970292,0.07439106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99252844,0.00005144561,0.00022853236,0.00051019486,0.00019304038,0.00011020029,0.0000060294706,0.000012534304,0.0063595856],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99725646,0.0017902596,0.00017770875,0.00019262578,0.00030118265,0.0002817358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986917,0.0007029608,0.00019620107,0.00027262178,0.00010028615,0.00003627699],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028792694,0.00008027696,0.000095041316,0.00012771666,0.0009203366,0.000051268576,0.00055681454,0.00008460555,0.000082233615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00082615984,0.000046616336,0.00011677327,0.001118532,0.00015771987,0.000038117472,0.000026856687,0.00028427667,0.00010066573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000168882,0.000555059,0.26768547,0.000014067287,0.00009081802,4.11916e-7,0.042304546,0.0014752595,0.00096127513,0.0067476323,0.17339885,0.5065977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003090622,0.00017541985,0.6663694,0.000033029977,0.000011901414,6.4947045e-7,0.0055155084,0.000060429353,0.00005898135,0.0014641352,0.3258961,0.00010540537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026274067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014909265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5064923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007830733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011420187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7078578},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362504087","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-23936-6_5","title":"Teaching the Engineering Design Process: Preservice Teachers’ Professional Development in a Community of Practice","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Contemporary trends and issues in science education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Plan (archaeology); Mathematics education; Engineering design process; Bridging (networking); Pedagogy; Process (computing); Teacher education; Professional development; Psychology; Engineering; Computer science; Geography","score_opus":0.07713853522012949,"score_gpt":0.3954410665373807,"score_spread":0.3183025313172512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362504087","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01917677,0.00670112,0.000053532716,0.015710033,0.0015707322,0.0011816096,0.0000035980545,0.00011745057,0.95548517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7784593,0.00014841645,0.0016081971,0.00011400172,0.00011902685,0.00008818968,0.000015644857,0.000021338308,0.21942586],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808675,0.0005238131,0.00038229895,0.0002536445,0.00054008176,0.00021339691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998387,0.0008835053,0.00030963015,0.0002051406,0.00015336093,0.000061356826],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011999972,0.0001497162,0.00019854687,0.0006130004,0.0007289507,0.00009083946,0.0006193404,0.0001306323,0.000015645179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014877735,0.00012219884,0.000017810547,0.00048250495,0.00037193368,0.00095913606,0.00013035302,0.0010081728,0.000002184662],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022380624,0.00016134989,0.0011909159,0.00013964853,0.000009086097,0.0000015128384,0.84912235,0.00008103882,0.000034170753,0.03468946,0.00053714874,0.11401097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034377357,0.00013134816,0.009249816,0.0047365506,0.00001709541,0.00000241329,0.15233332,0.000506753,0.000063343374,0.008017045,0.8239871,0.0006114252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0061192624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008778104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82344997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015722682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0050557265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92505354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4363676691","doi":"10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101290","title":"A multiple criteria framework to assess learning methodologies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thinking Skills and Creativity","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Peer assessment; Ranking (information retrieval); Process (computing); Creativity; Class (philosophy); Computer science; Preference; Psychology; Mathematics education; Cooperative learning; Active learning (machine learning); Critical thinking; Knowledge management; Teaching method; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Social psychology","score_opus":0.1058968789604237,"score_gpt":0.4253910063532154,"score_spread":0.3194941273927917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4363676691","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9360261,0.00009902448,0.044874057,0.0025588803,0.00029416315,0.00029749196,0.000004726589,0.0010845346,0.014761054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95046186,0.00018681913,0.047020935,0.00029715267,0.00018852795,0.000028860186,0.0000048728925,0.000015340582,0.0017956266],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974,0.0014229096,0.00013143099,0.0003057926,0.00029774202,0.00044214498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99480814,0.004821835,0.00006745465,0.00012603147,0.000055594533,0.00012094748],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0051951823,0.00012610202,0.00023237869,0.00012540046,0.0015203072,0.00028757166,0.00019323807,0.00014994584,0.00013102323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01052831,0.00011637469,0.00004806244,0.0006807294,0.00012671531,0.00021540062,0.00017603766,0.0003755579,0.000060023292],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004912997,0.00007263926,0.45094714,0.00008637009,0.00006183552,0.000038192033,0.3193659,0.00064160203,0.0018969435,0.058611583,0.0010902149,0.16713847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061772583,0.00040239756,0.429888,0.0009799656,0.000077694756,0.000004389293,0.039513495,0.0008059212,0.001730375,0.39161682,0.13311177,0.001251414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016492913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002949636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33300525,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035449313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007099688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367019210","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-91628-2_15","title":"Using Active Learning Techniques to Engage Audiences in Oral Presentations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Presentation (obstetrics); Citizen journalism; Bridge (graph theory); Computer science; Active learning (machine learning); Multimedia; Case presentation; Psychology; World Wide Web; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.15291073801948102,"score_gpt":0.41581273824599424,"score_spread":0.2629020002265132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367019210","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00023387243,0.000022133818,0.00077795563,0.00054825685,0.00014119383,0.0006273078,0.0000051869006,0.00047966253,0.9971644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.012978779,0.0002008487,0.01008524,0.00015694948,0.00021899531,0.00005110011,0.000014194091,0.00005686326,0.97623706],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99831706,0.00027186167,0.00024711865,0.00037311498,0.00041189877,0.00037896112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990829,0.00048257402,0.00013758152,0.00010030248,0.00009320462,0.000103409075],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013577332,0.00018569051,0.0002577329,0.0005597074,0.00080317253,0.00010278438,0.00026160228,0.00027449522,0.0008043386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005547359,0.00019040093,0.000079204736,0.00028127152,0.00015200896,0.00025480046,0.00012795265,0.0008475695,0.00016789706],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041690062,0.000022457458,0.0011841964,0.000053042353,0.000074474796,0.000081323,0.095953666,0.0009784836,0.00039772422,0.76573217,0.0014303573,0.13405044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013190118,0.00013611805,0.00020274313,0.00055213395,0.000042108702,9.60187e-7,0.018633759,0.00013130056,0.00041409893,0.034871865,0.94405115,0.0008318818],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009940643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01856489,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94262075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001840552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042499072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99934375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379052758","doi":"10.5539/hes.v13n3p10","title":"The Project-based Learning using Design Thinking Model via Metaverse to Enhance Buddhism Innovators","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metaverse; Computer science; Buddhism; Design thinking; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; Virtual reality; Human–computer interaction; Psychology","score_opus":0.16464243211753302,"score_gpt":0.4638451319773663,"score_spread":0.2992026998598333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379052758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66216063,0.011113946,0.22748727,0.05039837,0.015025195,0.0055153733,0.0000042023507,0.0037744131,0.02452058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9495355,0.00023105051,0.023977876,0.00131985,0.00046830438,0.0003680862,0.0000036833408,0.000037870253,0.024057776],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979811,0.0005526462,0.00024897253,0.0003003183,0.00046725114,0.00044974312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99851185,0.0006149244,0.00016635982,0.00016739326,0.00048564395,0.00005382818],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028756117,0.00015103896,0.00017201965,0.0002586577,0.0036727488,0.00016311949,0.00025837444,0.000061579434,0.000014306856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035000296,0.00011975853,0.000050755083,0.002297714,0.00015840713,0.00020336117,0.00008068007,0.00022833579,0.00010846086],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016463512,0.00022203467,0.005882467,0.00018035946,0.00057075074,0.0000052962546,0.3273662,0.34699857,0.007599819,0.0920024,0.1538579,0.06514957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021541468,0.00009554387,0.00058402563,0.00025630716,0.00012388847,4.0788572e-7,0.075962976,0.010302315,0.0022122222,0.0119410595,0.897546,0.0007598552],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062731246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000067803514,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7436881,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025795444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012636074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99762434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379383282","doi":"10.1177/0032258x231181322","title":"The case for case-based learning in police recruit training","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Andragogy; Training (meteorology); Adult Learning; Pedagogy; Psychology; Key (lock); Adult education; Computer science; Computer security","score_opus":0.15395980422080188,"score_gpt":0.4101585226967358,"score_spread":0.2561987184759339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379383282","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8848424,0.0013228187,0.00091516547,0.067540064,0.00050673407,0.0011015256,0.000010721979,0.0002575214,0.043503057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918754,0.0018035035,0.00064606103,0.0015099753,0.0009939962,0.00007004879,0.0000012810144,0.000035139277,0.0030645605],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99407715,0.004383301,0.00038445785,0.00018330645,0.00024157598,0.000730195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9724611,0.026616134,0.000444811,0.00017297738,0.00013797054,0.00016698195],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03399353,0.00015435331,0.0001737613,0.00017884071,0.0071303654,0.000684478,0.00032797697,0.00010283436,0.00002587054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00791019,0.00009779652,0.000095381125,0.0006772134,0.00032295226,0.00057942583,0.00007502114,0.0010791357,0.000016898482],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008377508,0.000035982783,0.00022444285,0.000040176994,0.00011224781,0.0017585703,0.54488784,0.0039677504,0.00009723253,0.2087629,0.00037621148,0.23889887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004618101,0.00009712335,0.000040109713,0.00005386401,0.000071444534,0.007266587,0.38469088,0.0013515595,0.000014551936,0.007732753,0.5980686,0.00015070295],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011321073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018501677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5976924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008834191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006122535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994081},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381738278","doi":"10.4324/9781003447511-5","title":"Improving Critical Thinking Skills in the Medical Professional With Team-Based Learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Psychology; Team-based learning; Medical education; Mathematics education; Medicine","score_opus":0.01775928182361866,"score_gpt":0.3206902744019276,"score_spread":0.3029309925783089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381738278","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000071926006,0.00008590951,0.0019457088,0.011583054,0.00044369628,0.0005814441,0.000002524892,0.00041323787,0.9848725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.037530296,0.0000658592,0.0037899783,0.0050532436,0.0014376524,0.00011386028,0.000060204955,0.00016089316,0.951788],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9952863,0.0005917208,0.0003802838,0.00049473223,0.0026016214,0.00064534385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952799,0.0040807803,0.00015178291,0.00019831439,0.000121204605,0.00016801273],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0071163177,0.0002897258,0.0003341,0.0002455346,0.0015152748,0.00019828984,0.0007655222,0.00072506774,0.0025832395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030062215,0.0001778719,0.000114856266,0.00018327495,0.00060878834,0.00014676203,0.00011960286,0.0030565353,0.00018676584],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041517214,0.00006211733,0.00094454887,0.00015267664,0.000024468705,0.0004491287,0.018404592,0.000068552225,0.0000016247736,0.9363882,0.0015751662,0.04188744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014604725,0.0005120797,0.00025767024,0.0069699064,0.00012932828,0.000024929725,0.018001225,0.0014428076,0.0000056778194,0.08285736,0.8866321,0.0017064429],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014013422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005277762,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8850569,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000116496725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0029263159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382721994","doi":"10.54337/ojs.jpblhe.v11i3.7584","title":"Interdisciplinary Pedagogy through Problem-Based Learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Curriculum; Course (navigation); Mathematics education; Modular design; Qualitative research; Reflection (computer programming); Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Engineering; Sociology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.049115486246605215,"score_gpt":0.40311127308660233,"score_spread":0.3539957868399971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382721994","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63539314,0.0033372887,0.008748641,0.17279263,0.008509334,0.0030483948,0.000004571184,0.0018489162,0.1663171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9702957,0.0000860233,0.016197478,0.0004290082,0.0010955926,0.00008541952,0.00004068581,0.00007659335,0.011693482],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9948573,0.0019498818,0.0010780133,0.00041156844,0.0009116589,0.000791592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970083,0.00078235357,0.001251646,0.00018929843,0.0005603612,0.00020799236],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0055925897,0.00029683634,0.00046737285,0.0011168899,0.0009916273,0.0002374727,0.0005464105,0.0003010563,0.0012102171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050051406,0.00029544186,0.0002454942,0.0024068025,0.0001842906,0.00093158457,0.000094844465,0.0020636674,0.00015320053],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005663911,0.0009242295,0.25907528,0.0006701151,0.00007910797,0.00008412869,0.055076614,0.6118514,0.0016525633,0.008597932,0.010224026,0.051198196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025864923,0.0017720887,0.045453936,0.002593845,0.00011738469,0.000013930975,0.013877783,0.002584733,0.0002038535,0.012862592,0.91697574,0.00095763407],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005085704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001019423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9067517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006433724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004856793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385241929","doi":"10.1007/s11409-023-09352-z","title":"Supporting self-regulated learning in clinical problem-solving with a computer-based learning environment: the effectiveness of scaffolds","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metacognition and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Metacognition; Scaffold; Context (archaeology); Task (project management); Self-regulated learning; Mathematics education; Cognition; Computer science; Psychology; Engineering","score_opus":0.0201107742434052,"score_gpt":0.31308459706619435,"score_spread":0.29297382282278916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385241929","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903592,0.00013229928,0.004889828,0.00019694767,0.000050744435,0.0006653304,5.1685385e-7,0.0005052084,0.0031999373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99734473,0.00012664002,0.0019872221,0.000039985724,0.000092914444,0.000051700954,0.000043684224,0.000039306815,0.00027382615],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.98777634,0.009977387,0.0006168739,0.00048966624,0.0005103925,0.0006293343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99490047,0.0042640306,0.00051948143,0.000103393395,0.00009666582,0.00011596625],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.022621201,0.00022394572,0.00044786162,0.00033793764,0.0015065498,0.00014546489,0.00016545928,0.0001805829,0.000091261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00095450244,0.00017836096,0.00012014529,0.0011422525,0.0003321654,0.00026222496,0.0000895809,0.001033731,0.000025299523],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038883623,0.00015732889,0.68361396,0.00045726603,0.0001697734,0.000047882244,0.01982358,0.18506669,0.0012510888,0.00059023296,0.000007799057,0.10842557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009202474,0.0032218185,0.6374226,0.0035927652,0.0005567392,0.000018910307,0.030393729,0.26753908,0.0010227693,0.0008571276,0.044514522,0.0016574302],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003076489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055665176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.106768146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056077162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019041655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385457488","doi":"10.1007/s40670-023-01834-8","title":"Analysis of Student Perceptions of a Newly Developed Integrative System Course Model","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Science Educator","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trillium Health Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Helpfulness; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Medical education; Perception; Qualitative property; Class (philosophy); Medicine; Computer science; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.047875841448245145,"score_gpt":0.43289486356364326,"score_spread":0.3850190221153981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385457488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98852813,0.000024855668,0.0022162483,0.0018981665,0.00033079565,0.00016122215,0.000009257914,0.00006680541,0.00676451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99857605,0.000028868828,0.0007143779,0.000054589498,0.00005650162,0.000025057878,0.0000034172335,0.000003318332,0.0005378116],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99688196,0.00020984915,0.00033139132,0.00026532047,0.0019407485,0.00037075073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869776,0.0002671666,0.00014774893,0.00016890092,0.00033398354,0.00038443005],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005647623,0.00007815001,0.00029031458,0.00054781704,0.0004927892,0.000031015945,0.0008242067,0.00007204379,0.0004570345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014467741,0.000058393623,0.00010503402,0.00871549,0.001769563,0.0001642879,0.000104123756,0.00015436593,0.000030320043],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012204174,0.00046396002,0.4210197,0.0000675766,0.00029431784,0.000005473059,0.49032906,0.0026439945,0.0011114184,0.05768934,0.0019433562,0.024419595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023276391,0.000074305965,0.24566634,0.00024961613,0.00041446125,4.824066e-7,0.6617367,0.09044516,0.00013374325,0.0001513648,0.0006529276,0.0002421117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020355259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014925122,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17535336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002045875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008871789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996747},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385715240","doi":"10.1186/s12909-023-04520-w","title":"Online case-based learning in medical education: a scoping review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BMC Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia; University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Facilitator; Critical appraisal; Medical education; Psychology; Observational study; Medicine; Computer science; Alternative medicine","score_opus":0.14908952745095314,"score_gpt":0.5250661136421575,"score_spread":0.37597658619120433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385715240","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000035736762,0.9890538,0.000116947864,0.0044033397,0.0018186396,0.00215309,0.0000023141254,0.00024730677,0.0022010172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000017316507,0.99000263,0.000846327,0.0032937143,0.0023006387,0.0011388081,0.0006690124,0.00006576292,0.0016813844],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9911337,0.0041900994,0.0014564807,0.00067726575,0.0019558433,0.0005866256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949393,0.0029322384,0.0006720985,0.00034614728,0.00019392067,0.00091626204],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0095108645,0.00035967323,0.0014037256,0.0005464921,0.00045801618,0.000080598526,0.0007016795,0.00093056634,0.0058286735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07854861,0.0003293156,0.00033940875,0.002514,0.00024097222,0.00013738988,0.00008974584,0.0019066159,0.0003851764],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[8.619812e-7,0.00031607915,0.00003892189,0.13133094,0.0000068393706,0.00005034789,0.00030225943,5.7441065e-7,2.6770006e-10,0.00038308086,0.0040917876,0.8634783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006837195,0.0000111969775,0.0000010997201,0.477215,0.000095016156,0.00007562949,0.00031630567,0.000028230055,1.562741e-9,0.000023649049,0.5219681,0.0001974136],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034370387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022916868,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8632809,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058403524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.26894137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999159},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385776865","doi":"10.1002/jdd.13361","title":"Impacts of gamified homework in an online oral biology course","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Biomedical sciences; Oral medicine; Dentistry; Medicine; Library science; Psychology; Computer science; Nursing","score_opus":0.05290946887758359,"score_gpt":0.43724270473085824,"score_spread":0.38433323585327467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385776865","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977206,0.00022196467,0.000005691376,0.000787437,0.0008488628,0.000053943182,0.0000025396057,0.000006855408,0.0003520816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989986,0.00015629802,0.00033855083,0.000068797395,0.00030645778,7.000275e-7,0.00001326062,0.000003888352,0.00011347221],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925953,0.000178146,0.00024252349,0.00005003157,0.00013927103,0.00013048355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943554,0.000069549744,0.00027058847,0.000043898915,0.00010340005,0.00007699978],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010408515,0.000038240847,0.00011319053,0.00023937915,0.000053553682,0.000016154316,0.00012786475,0.000063614745,0.000096425254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026195645,0.000034598652,0.000036499085,0.00056868425,0.0000574713,0.0002570137,0.000008756373,0.00015776863,0.000009917509],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000079666504,0.00066579983,0.9074716,0.000016012349,0.000013251359,0.000004331537,0.020490855,0.00006216338,0.0065119583,0.0019511026,0.0011020475,0.06163119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048602594,0.0004054085,0.9202741,0.00016194877,0.0000200691,0.000010391067,0.07167201,0.00003788527,0.00031957493,0.0032958537,0.0032205172,0.00009625423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001301614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030731908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.061534937,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009038958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011066591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19676596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386561756","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2022-0132","title":"Effectiveness of Field Simulation Approach for Problem-Based Learning That Incorporates the One Health Concept","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Field (mathematics); Computer science; Problem-based learning; Management science; Psychology; Medical education; Mathematics education; Medicine; Mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.1273178045123314,"score_gpt":0.43893727791416903,"score_spread":0.3116194734018376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386561756","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69470054,0.0013684948,0.26110318,0.037822593,0.0015866791,0.0021816804,0.0000032129592,0.0000997705,0.0011338588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966122,0.000050278562,0.0027510584,0.0002222334,0.0002678909,0.00003064491,0.000018761795,0.000007668448,0.00003926901],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997558,0.0013238611,0.0003194254,0.00008955283,0.00054561347,0.00016356006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967579,0.0022321686,0.00059448415,0.000059345704,0.00024017412,0.00011589062],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0077767186,0.0000619041,0.00019102982,0.00012276275,0.0003430912,0.000023265478,0.00019397172,0.000090107256,0.000041201067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029160872,0.00004582472,0.00008002308,0.00038063477,0.00011124611,0.0001565824,0.00001612839,0.00028865074,7.0658615e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002693175,0.0016835501,0.023758158,0.0041991067,0.00017864235,0.000005423805,0.060323045,0.19217435,0.0016182702,0.0069801086,0.0031948376,0.70319134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016614482,0.059404816,0.15790388,0.020455416,0.0004694001,0.00011387963,0.11996291,0.36318707,0.005208671,0.038977183,0.21565574,0.0020465478],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002526017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000041221897,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70114475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008926878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0031357806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.556274},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386574293","doi":"10.5539/jel.v12n6p82","title":"Project-Based Learning in General Psychology Class for Undergraduate Students","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya","keywords":"Psychology; Mathematics education; Context (archaeology); Class (philosophy); Educational psychology; Active learning (machine learning); Psychology of learning; Pedagogy; Applied psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.05102278022906225,"score_gpt":0.4561416018049258,"score_spread":0.40511882157586354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386574293","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98407596,0.00032065748,0.0007965566,0.010330205,0.00081344426,0.00025894772,2.0791626e-7,0.000048987044,0.0033550016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900559,0.00035888582,0.001392411,0.0004988005,0.00044773147,0.000020388565,0.0000061660817,0.00001423119,0.0072054393],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998289,0.00075347244,0.000306489,0.00013220521,0.00026024308,0.00025860607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990345,0.00035617794,0.00033413083,0.000038204616,0.00016233994,0.0000746154],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037081426,0.0000758688,0.00015945503,0.0005865386,0.00047863886,0.000105373016,0.00014286228,0.00008574146,0.000018426666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013359452,0.00007384082,0.000059044127,0.00063286186,0.000053243704,0.00016606717,0.000013209574,0.000606616,0.000006014898],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019596255,0.00028597182,0.7095926,0.00008567613,0.00004188769,0.0000075973458,0.037025545,0.006205586,0.0010857921,0.0030819923,0.013799411,0.22859202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015024615,0.00046461629,0.08632678,0.0001676874,0.00002205578,0.000006800092,0.018933285,0.0015446311,0.000017294562,0.0009984602,0.8898339,0.00018200433],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001741234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010948765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8760345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077455355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009604145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36813515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386767058","doi":"10.1109/te.2023.3307974","title":"Design of an Integrated Project-Based Learning Curriculum: Analysis Through Fink’s Taxonomy of Significant Learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Learning design; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.06131746256898977,"score_gpt":0.3431173468598897,"score_spread":0.2817998842908999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386767058","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1114794,0.000016358157,0.88608265,0.00017293972,0.00024621512,0.00077801844,0.0000062176314,0.00025649008,0.00096168334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884834,0.0000519607,0.0102096675,0.000017800357,0.000035707264,0.0002841859,0.000055902383,0.00001716902,0.0008441537],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997432,0.0012717871,0.00037437232,0.00030061908,0.00035198295,0.00026926683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99875087,0.00036269822,0.0003261543,0.00017403207,0.00032558307,0.00006064475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013311781,0.00014197419,0.00026589495,0.0008555236,0.00056952133,0.000040201972,0.00019100927,0.00012911009,0.00021551258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000103145074,0.00014438551,0.00015248849,0.0048330193,0.00014413365,0.0003326194,6.7749176e-7,0.00041735292,0.00001921594],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056711706,0.0005676392,0.0012944154,0.000047656602,0.00014496838,4.4806433e-7,0.016588353,0.91373444,0.002336235,0.0000930211,0.0001230522,0.06501304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019120137,0.003353082,0.002771779,0.00083828386,0.0027296608,0.0000012222454,0.2950691,0.5313725,0.09951056,0.0003347507,0.0602954,0.0018116629],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012949776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040069947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.877004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013077796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021143933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9936231},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386800704","doi":"10.23977/aetp.2023.071105","title":"Exploration Self-direct Learning Methods Based on the Training of Medical Interns' Self-direct Learning Ability","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Kunming Medical University","keywords":"Internship; Significant difference; Medical education; Psychology; Control (management); Clinical Practice; Medicine; Computer science; Physical therapy; Internal medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.0553570673698542,"score_gpt":0.46662983947352116,"score_spread":0.411272772103667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386800704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4515493,0.004820383,0.0086159045,0.31069675,0.0032238918,0.0012136254,0.000004667058,0.002791527,0.21708393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890879,0.002373483,0.0076052523,0.00045470113,0.00011349752,0.00018987713,0.000010779052,0.00001264503,0.00015186451],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99640864,0.0021592225,0.00034689027,0.0004249995,0.00030854452,0.0003517165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99477583,0.0047112876,0.00020533713,0.0001774966,0.00007761624,0.000052432442],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007873556,0.00013237534,0.0002521675,0.00066909497,0.0005175416,0.000014815828,0.00040154217,0.00038165395,0.00028186612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0057891095,0.00011370026,0.00004456767,0.0018751837,0.0006229413,0.00020977971,0.000048765385,0.0010079503,0.000017285565],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013456028,0.00048453623,0.21366444,0.00009572357,0.00007340361,0.0000070846695,0.061733086,0.0038762172,0.000194924,0.27592474,0.00040818445,0.4434031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011969294,0.0008464639,0.020302964,0.00033829347,0.000037772217,0.000012279829,0.046032526,0.0134034855,0.00024771417,0.25552487,0.6614801,0.00057656463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005046948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001491651,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66107196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056235298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004106287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6930523},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386856589","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2022-0016","title":"Novel Board Game versus Active Case-Based Discussion to Teach Final-Year Veterinary Students the Diagnostic Approach to Clinical Cases","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Dice; Test (biology); Medical education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Process (computing); Game design; Computer science; Medicine; Multimedia; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","score_opus":0.24749082347531762,"score_gpt":0.5043295700598635,"score_spread":0.25683874658454586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386856589","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97327286,0.000034907633,0.0011754374,0.020971697,0.0035577244,0.00050189014,0.000005826427,0.000040353043,0.00043931676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944401,0.00006738247,0.001961689,0.0013236523,0.0018508073,0.00007484364,0.000008580606,0.000020249754,0.0002527064],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960673,0.001214408,0.0006242865,0.00027553036,0.0014335266,0.00038497895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99520177,0.0032960486,0.00029603764,0.00022242597,0.00021297448,0.000770747],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004999365,0.00015783394,0.00028509359,0.00026627493,0.0004951747,0.00011194148,0.000704418,0.00016922431,0.00012499176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02160278,0.00009727587,0.00017264509,0.00081650505,0.00017672195,0.00022150594,0.00018792045,0.0007042919,0.00007392656],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0125078885,0.008976618,0.016738102,0.00022977013,0.0003266544,0.005881994,0.07930165,0.000994715,0.00058099814,0.00035360962,0.081950925,0.79215705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006175801,0.023295898,0.18613105,0.0017339783,0.00028501783,0.0038638185,0.10165942,0.00043258854,0.00001850747,0.000114163326,0.67542845,0.0008613336],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041854524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046799563,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79129577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025761037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024312546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98663867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387023809","doi":"10.5430/jnep.v14n1p21","title":"Promoting design thinking in nursing education: Experience of Moroccan undergraduate students in a surgical department","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Nursing Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internship; Nursing; Nurse education; Test (biology); Medical education; Exploratory research; Health care; Psychology; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.09963692570773557,"score_gpt":0.4994136865355633,"score_spread":0.3997767608278277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387023809","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95831364,0.0014585479,0.00021414032,0.025603378,0.0012230787,0.00032264346,1.5346178e-7,0.00001585624,0.01284856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99398196,0.0006357273,0.004948461,0.00010666485,0.00017420154,0.000008655132,9.574795e-7,0.000007050671,0.00013633385],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.997379,0.001354924,0.00043781815,0.00012456288,0.0005041881,0.00019947907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979701,0.0011108788,0.00056929805,0.000060909915,0.00019628959,0.0000925019],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0048970114,0.0000734951,0.00015455406,0.00038522307,0.00033255527,0.00011181378,0.00016382344,0.000054604578,0.00000813118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016563254,0.00007401197,0.000026193758,0.0008988975,0.000102566744,0.000850364,0.000012127275,0.00027290985,0.000001095639],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001816477,0.0021121153,0.014270029,0.000024534187,0.0000087839635,0.000012687947,0.6552413,0.00017367282,0.00012433398,0.0028475474,0.00027683284,0.3247265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015633098,0.00048803817,0.06229881,0.012703223,0.00011227861,0.00087781146,0.85448056,0.0004711765,0.00032962987,0.045831233,0.0204125,0.000431432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002314624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018664137,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32429507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039935065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018660661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33103213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387349926","doi":"10.1039/d3rp00158j","title":"Implementing team-based learning in a large environmental chemistry course and its impact on student learning and perceptions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemistry Education Research and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Team-based learning; Coursework; Psychology; Medical education; Mathematics education; Critical thinking; Perception; Set (abstract data type); Student engagement; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.03741154767834884,"score_gpt":0.4903893589291009,"score_spread":0.4529778112507521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387349926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783231,0.00069079554,0.000001667084,0.002791595,0.0000145979775,0.00022153131,0.0000060879083,0.00004936874,0.017901236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921773,0.0017732342,0.00003779001,0.00004124776,0.00014301429,0.00007567183,0.00008122535,0.0000135616565,0.0056569655],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.997781,0.00059758173,0.00015701147,0.00035604546,0.00047548814,0.00063289044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977503,0.0017545831,0.000093640745,0.00007675786,0.000073570394,0.00025115273],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0063607004,0.00011567883,0.00010585297,0.00007711836,0.0016736203,0.0002742219,0.00009073901,0.0001012976,0.000776585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029009602,0.000121477904,0.00001937315,0.0003913908,0.00014695406,0.0002909561,0.00011904555,0.0010127871,0.000022911478],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028609246,0.0012622256,0.7611838,0.00040701998,0.0000673207,0.00002108007,0.05647328,0.00012800813,0.14711237,0.00012868023,0.0012829317,0.03164717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013619757,0.00023063489,0.13737665,0.00024281826,0.000034311066,0.00002375036,0.59750265,0.0010934033,0.0026342918,0.000095864656,0.25893575,0.00046790487],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023072699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017919421,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62380713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018108811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007177945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99962604},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387476578","doi":"10.1186/s12909-023-04726-y","title":"Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Focus group; Likert scale; Stakeholder; Function (biology); Interactivity; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine; Multimedia","score_opus":0.07657241899213037,"score_gpt":0.3558112326287043,"score_spread":0.27923881363657393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387476578","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9621739,0.00009694288,0.02170951,0.0011171955,0.0009024624,0.0005699977,1.1366513e-7,0.0003141389,0.013115743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928776,0.000019396273,0.005874783,0.00008771067,0.000176335,0.00017429006,0.000036319856,0.000009610712,0.000743958],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99807256,0.00047949198,0.00032318584,0.00018528308,0.00071264745,0.00022681167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940926,0.00022415545,0.00012312521,0.00006355482,0.00008577008,0.000094150455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0044156443,0.00006561687,0.0001014575,0.00031582057,0.00028195308,0.000020293228,0.0001017543,0.00013305945,0.00027570588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033824258,0.00006773132,0.000029468709,0.001169763,0.000051730498,0.00012764092,0.000015154427,0.00022792094,0.000056131914],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001505464,0.0004741468,0.22327287,0.00053308293,0.0000111704,7.003772e-7,0.030435812,0.0011643703,0.0012248793,0.0065021887,0.0009893134,0.73524094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025888525,0.00038020796,0.44166732,0.0027867919,0.0000416773,0.0000014069694,0.024347804,0.009032585,0.0012202967,0.0059045088,0.51118565,0.0008429208],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00090200035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005812088,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.734398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022287467,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0069929026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99863654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387640103","doi":"10.1080/09638288.2023.2269841","title":"Evaluation of virtual problem-based tutorials in healthcare professional education","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Disability and Rehabilitation","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Health care; Descriptive statistics; TUTOR; Psychology; Problem-based learning; Professional development; Medicine; Computer science; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.0386886723544666,"score_gpt":0.41292344287721483,"score_spread":0.37423477052274823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387640103","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97773415,0.00007884815,0.0000096926815,0.019753283,0.0004691198,0.0012303331,0.000006644645,0.00004986949,0.0006680838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99904054,0.000008559321,0.0004323447,0.000036797705,0.00008765229,0.00029312624,0.00004999338,0.0000047200474,0.00004628636],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955692,0.0029351022,0.0003457599,0.00023691762,0.0007492467,0.00016373539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977793,0.0014672917,0.00011329689,0.00011418186,0.0004733676,0.00005257568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.015733004,0.00006525439,0.00013112048,0.00012255,0.00022271129,0.00001559031,0.00005901737,0.0001175363,0.00004227339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050710556,0.00006227419,0.000038460454,0.00072510965,0.0005247826,0.00022520518,0.000013155161,0.00010460221,0.0000048722177],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009677138,0.000572678,0.5701649,0.00048180073,0.000004898654,3.0379557e-8,0.04754711,0.0015363554,0.0003341122,0.067845985,0.00022571815,0.31118962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00083892664,0.00031030027,0.8397553,0.0003178583,0.000024127807,3.6950443e-8,0.027369888,0.0026603325,0.00004329472,0.1268823,0.0016442714,0.00015338957],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004548177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036061788,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31103623,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028325157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017999663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6875514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388196859","doi":"10.61669/001c.17627","title":"Welcome to the fall 2020 issue of Intersection: A Journal at the Intersection of Assessment and Learning.","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intersection A Journal at the Intersection of Assessment and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Air Force Academy; U.S. Air Force; University of Alberta; Lincoln Memorial University; University of South Dakota; University of Hawai'i; McGill University; University of Oklahoma; Arizona State University; Georgia Institute of Technology","keywords":"Mentorship; Psychology; Sociology; Library science; Management; Medical education; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.023733506882305227,"score_gpt":0.3396586580344332,"score_spread":0.31592515115212794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388196859","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9467245,0.00032274553,0.020465545,0.020831449,0.0033724883,0.0005337755,0.000003231893,0.000055144632,0.0076911403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99463403,0.00035414952,0.0002626798,0.0005068883,0.0013743555,0.000020439838,0.0000032729888,0.000036569596,0.0028076028],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99336755,0.0036546555,0.0011781127,0.00040722598,0.0009532137,0.00043926295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99620676,0.00092518254,0.001802791,0.00018442118,0.00060363556,0.00027719713],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0063764383,0.00034217036,0.00052532274,0.00025418334,0.0033563222,0.0003686856,0.00048490398,0.00017231434,0.0015895932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007259387,0.00021711436,0.00039980328,0.0007952784,0.0006008561,0.0005555417,0.00044934364,0.0033992021,0.000014212277],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.005515603,0.00039129818,0.13070592,0.0004063395,0.0026836863,0.00004353774,0.5494523,0.04148693,0.056827154,0.001802956,0.028637504,0.18204673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026343574,0.008440576,0.033380874,0.0011023501,0.00048108905,0.0017707278,0.5983408,0.011748664,0.0021678156,0.00027951834,0.33896264,0.00069057936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00203178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002970827,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31032512,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012189851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032630694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99932307},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389074057","doi":"10.1097/nne.0000000000001548","title":"Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning on Development of Nursing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nurse Educator","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; CINAHL; Problem-based learning; Meta-analysis; Nursing; MEDLINE; Nursing Interventions Classification; Psychological intervention; Psychology; Medicine; Medical education; Mathematics education; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.07004815101746366,"score_gpt":0.47913280029922267,"score_spread":0.409084649281759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389074057","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0029720855,0.97794956,0.00032154584,0.000101607504,0.0038468556,0.003910264,0.000018067461,0.00040641698,0.010473586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.023923663,0.94344175,0.024457185,0.000058985523,0.0020159634,0.0021841677,0.0003394505,0.0008329506,0.002745864],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9937295,0.0028965988,0.00089337316,0.00056178705,0.0012976691,0.0006211034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99400955,0.0047298754,0.00060390093,0.00025817417,0.00021589681,0.0001825714],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006023185,0.00040043614,0.0015370647,0.0005855216,0.0007700959,0.00008406481,0.0008122157,0.00043127945,0.00009231409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020303777,0.00036825883,0.00038657617,0.0010992265,0.00040645854,0.000087802495,0.000039949828,0.0008941828,0.00009853663],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029811366,0.001715664,0.0004494088,0.045729727,0.00020249265,0.0000053769836,0.042007882,0.000026535352,0.0000036679298,0.005867681,0.000101657526,0.9038601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042474453,0.00029928095,0.00023761936,0.42709106,0.00076423015,0.0000013137645,0.0075423066,0.0000010423847,0.000177083,0.00078833423,0.56179905,0.00087393244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000794227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008471851,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90298617,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00073937164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0072542075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998769},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389358516","doi":"10.1130/abs/2023am-394521","title":"IMPACT OF AN ADVISORY ROLE STUDENTS-AS-PARTNERS MODEL IN A FIELD-BASED SCIENCE LEARNING CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Abstracts with programs - Geological Society of America","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Field (mathematics); Advisory committee; Engineering management; Mathematics education; Medical education; Computer science; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Engineering; Psychology; Political science; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.038192774989041715,"score_gpt":0.389330532997485,"score_spread":0.35113775800844327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389358516","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99579066,0.00002292417,0.00028572656,0.00022507802,0.000010654647,0.00048933877,6.967067e-7,0.00015616378,0.0030187687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810786,0.000034045956,0.01854527,0.00017739793,0.000013205916,0.00007909042,0.00001724783,0.000010001927,0.000045096484],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970525,0.00023123377,0.00042804566,0.00043466856,0.0010595395,0.00079399504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986058,0.00029776178,0.00044366997,0.00014357192,0.00028456308,0.00022465037],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022252942,0.00019514438,0.00036053263,0.000113775335,0.00052939844,0.00006104893,0.0005947277,0.0001604585,0.000056242057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000439769,0.00014675286,0.00015170724,0.0021392128,0.0017065972,0.00037738404,0.00012777103,0.0005456838,0.000013716927],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012761894,0.001228501,0.6177951,0.000040504914,0.00006624528,0.000011652784,0.061398342,0.19989116,0.00025714043,0.00004144285,0.000021950478,0.11912032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002419512,0.009909774,0.74791026,0.00044215674,0.000045780405,0.0000019157862,0.14361088,0.09073985,0.0012095154,0.000912174,0.0017252972,0.0010729118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0074899937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013136344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13011512,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016328525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019337791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991192},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390475030","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-44377-0_7","title":"We Have Problems! Analysis of Collaborative Problem Solving in an International Educational Robotics Challenge","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Sociocultural explorations of science education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Robot; Robotics; Set (abstract data type); Narrative; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Operations research; Human–computer interaction; Engineering","score_opus":0.07177341036052405,"score_gpt":0.37039011519758885,"score_spread":0.2986167048370648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390475030","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.013725883,0.0015235171,0.0002882868,0.059276048,0.0041308836,0.0042114113,0.00041611984,0.00022368308,0.91620415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7031617,0.0075195525,0.017173916,0.00007260019,0.001003669,0.00037416205,0.0019825585,0.00007855118,0.26863328],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968455,0.00013580603,0.00082568655,0.00059326855,0.0012717082,0.00032804097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953025,0.00024120034,0.0010305076,0.00030871778,0.0029726473,0.00014440573],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017988734,0.00024498152,0.00044615628,0.0020710744,0.00076820765,0.00017924728,0.0009114576,0.0002660489,0.0002314773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052212237,0.00025000633,0.00016285891,0.0022488292,0.0019691405,0.0026810355,0.000090938825,0.00036010426,0.000018962526],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000057963116,0.00020492355,0.0013166623,0.000051983996,0.00013882693,1.296475e-7,0.23623627,0.009392283,0.00030010776,0.74852955,0.00014181375,0.0036816415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006139312,0.0004756321,0.007462056,0.0024972553,0.001244204,6.7384485e-7,0.62084186,0.0038685352,0.00016846204,0.34282637,0.018056147,0.0019448485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00067190407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01151697,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68943584,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00077154225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009608863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999523},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390591086","doi":"10.1007/s42330-023-00305-x","title":"Regards d’enseignants du secondaire au Québec sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage par projet en sciences et technologie: place, significations et visées","year":2023,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mathematics education; Socialization; Meaning (existential); Sociology; Psychology; Science education; Subject (documents); Pedagogy; Science learning; Discipline; Computer science; Library science; Social science","score_opus":0.02534573987053808,"score_gpt":0.307760603331266,"score_spread":0.2824148634607279,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390591086","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8014616,0.0021535587,0.00031635715,0.18658154,0.0010709492,0.00045553717,0.000022734945,0.00008279008,0.007854951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98990184,0.001065696,0.0073559284,0.0002529712,0.00006353746,0.000039869992,0.0000033655,0.000016639886,0.0013001217],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99744534,0.00023157614,0.0006208714,0.0004038301,0.000518101,0.00078030117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976083,0.00037782954,0.0007287795,0.00027582067,0.00063578424,0.00037350866],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.010761388,0.00022489968,0.00032153248,0.0024659827,0.0026036787,0.00040106665,0.001086474,0.0003135513,0.000073412986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036713483,0.0002083478,0.000061004193,0.0051443437,0.006993278,0.000975808,0.00010363034,0.0006460251,0.000028900475],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000024034819,0.00027421932,0.019611653,0.00026786097,0.000051550764,0.000033628097,0.17317978,0.00013808196,0.0014064761,0.6951019,0.009604392,0.10032806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006497085,0.001108039,0.015800234,0.0031000972,0.0002048142,0.00074353634,0.63662034,0.0027298192,0.0022545357,0.18417782,0.15151887,0.0010921921],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0263151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1664701,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5109241,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075295963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.059472695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986948},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390636978","doi":"10.4000/ripes.5201","title":"Éléments qui influencent la dynamique de petits groupes et l’expérience d’apprentissage de stagiaires infirmières","year":2023,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue internationale de pédagogie de l’enseignement supérieur","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.03161871520394726,"score_gpt":0.33329010702819734,"score_spread":0.30167139182425007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390636978","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9489056,0.0022378846,0.007452436,0.012839122,0.0009439534,0.0006760556,0.00021109197,0.00043903163,0.026294814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9629814,0.009516768,0.002263475,0.00183017,0.0004889216,0.00032676532,0.00014895736,0.00008176957,0.022361798],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.993864,0.0018569304,0.00081389735,0.0007984419,0.0009846942,0.001682046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969026,0.0014741737,0.00045434874,0.0004055925,0.0002770782,0.00048624037],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042951126,0.0004965657,0.00042191969,0.00040378043,0.0006898382,0.0005199564,0.0012044664,0.00042079785,0.00094048434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018075715,0.00061102293,0.00030175855,0.0009880362,0.0005204833,0.00082790095,0.00047817585,0.00088038325,0.00034874235],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015876668,0.00081315316,0.23962182,0.0011432032,0.0005128205,0.0019107041,0.5363759,0.032990754,0.0047829156,0.1346432,0.0132334195,0.03381338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002325408,0.0005281732,0.24560496,0.0042436393,0.000255981,0.00036040472,0.11339792,0.05362293,0.0022973581,0.026339041,0.54906195,0.0019622261],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009227321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0051199947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53582853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024588325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017850779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391211417","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-twmpk","title":"“Systems thinking encourages a safe space to offer different perspectives and insights”: Student perspectives and experiences with ST activities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Relevance (law); Intervention (counseling); Systems thinking; Psychology; Space (punctuation); Medical education; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Medicine; Computer science; Political science","score_opus":0.017292514614368967,"score_gpt":0.30223405448809754,"score_spread":0.28494153987372856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391211417","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95120853,0.034336794,0.000081385115,0.0022124026,0.0004477479,0.00093024777,0.0000042824686,0.00021226797,0.010566327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99514276,0.0016986992,0.00019878286,0.0000279205,0.00045798157,0.00043192648,0.0000021700996,0.000043130567,0.0019966606],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.996992,0.00037412558,0.00022818863,0.001147744,0.0007873686,0.00047056726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998826,0.0003392846,0.000170056,0.0002849304,0.00012842803,0.0002512977],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005785854,0.00049158145,0.00060342444,0.00030216321,0.0009129766,0.001617693,0.00038982733,0.00025698805,0.0000621014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011416447,0.00035944238,0.0000811832,0.00024556296,0.0007922441,0.00021740455,0.0009417263,0.00090339326,0.0000032353967],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004244042,0.00006743426,0.0015866921,0.00026958005,0.00018538168,0.000023282293,0.9798588,0.000024196159,0.00017004923,0.017364874,0.000113156064,0.00029407133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016221385,0.00015228908,0.0018145869,0.001007214,0.00008057336,0.0000042586144,0.99345577,0.00003044746,0.0003520847,0.0013643435,0.0010324474,0.00054377585],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014215647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010069611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04393418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033920855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003378156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391562192","doi":"10.18260/1-2--40598","title":"WORK IN PROGRESS Understanding Student Learning Profiles in Second Year Problem-Solving Engineering Classes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Work (physics); Engineering education; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Data science; Engineering management; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.029589474797011805,"score_gpt":0.31352669362428115,"score_spread":0.28393721882726936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391562192","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8271102,0.0046711923,0.002527595,0.0022163,0.0007184619,0.001717632,0.000001271349,0.0013037131,0.15973364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945934,0.00006810131,0.0030363991,0.0000137429,0.0001221052,0.00006267317,0.0000021152225,0.000027288568,0.0020742128],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828637,0.00021851293,0.00027739245,0.00033258097,0.00032690243,0.00055822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994585,0.00035435928,0.000036167225,0.000067878645,0.000015834034,0.00006727676],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019427451,0.00014070972,0.00017148897,0.00043735091,0.00018239359,0.0004880624,0.00018553654,0.00011530735,0.00048023838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001118012,0.00013535772,0.000043510707,0.0013455389,0.00006664966,0.00044250645,0.000072823896,0.00065206655,0.000030880245],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024298655,0.00007627174,0.6951864,0.00052094023,0.000040614326,0.00014955697,0.13382412,0.0060612434,0.00018275819,0.15534098,0.00032162448,0.008271205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026302491,0.00049137685,0.098020144,0.015912399,0.00006176855,0.000009144946,0.60554755,0.020023325,0.0005972192,0.00946033,0.24376696,0.0034795527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024390648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019857723,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59716624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059012265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024044703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5519728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392613417","doi":"10.17509/jik.v21i1.63498","title":"Evaluation of problem-based learning models in the integrated midwifery curriculum","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inovasi Kurikulum","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Encana (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Computer science; Mathematics education; Obstetrics; Sociology; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.07891448174279243,"score_gpt":0.35138388743140664,"score_spread":0.2724694056886142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392613417","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76724046,0.005370285,0.003530845,0.004937399,0.0006691345,0.0020059035,0.000007824484,0.00043103457,0.21580714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998726,0.0000387577,0.0006627166,0.00009314723,0.00011180598,0.00012500248,0.000017803082,0.000015473883,0.00020925926],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99553037,0.0021781523,0.00035502692,0.0002788953,0.0013137908,0.000343777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897355,0.0003229471,0.000094547344,0.00016106815,0.00041105886,0.000036858986],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014825507,0.00013148991,0.00016597296,0.00031622505,0.0002526532,0.00015534522,0.00034523197,0.00013666243,0.00025042365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063289714,0.00009795178,0.00009919792,0.0016829631,0.00016381827,0.00038315915,0.000021461596,0.00061174686,0.000026868905],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004105951,0.0006178251,0.01807726,0.0005078005,0.00014959369,0.000050553117,0.12658195,0.27717528,0.0016446026,0.15760466,0.0032965255,0.4142529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011211481,0.0002527309,0.0014317137,0.0015014479,0.00029199466,0.0000047093313,0.0245934,0.79695636,0.0004923933,0.053648673,0.11912541,0.00058004464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007675931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002630532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51978105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019566015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015681158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99893206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392913800","doi":"10.1177/20427530241239405","title":"A multi-centric investigation of technology integration in health professions education: The importance of educators’ Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E-Learning and Digital Media","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Health professions; Content (measure theory); Pedagogy; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Psychology; Medical education; Sociology; Mathematics education; Computer science; Political science; Medicine; Engineering; Health care; Mathematics","score_opus":0.08463596208663188,"score_gpt":0.38030057442265774,"score_spread":0.29566461233602587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392913800","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97358847,0.01535177,0.00011848137,0.009288372,0.00015108484,0.00028796404,0.0000023728294,0.000084048086,0.0011274326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99858034,0.0005095363,0.00039353897,0.000020334013,0.00003248044,0.00002985714,0.00000824079,0.000004301055,0.00042136296],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.999153,0.00016159865,0.00026535903,0.00016973137,0.00010695249,0.00014336825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932265,0.00038921065,0.000114475166,0.000051300423,0.000061550556,0.0000607982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007608988,0.00006915792,0.0001405084,0.00024463487,0.00015389515,0.000046442765,0.00007541793,0.0001160646,0.000010379847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026510896,0.000045421304,0.000018687106,0.00080628175,0.00061638764,0.00014877622,0.000047571815,0.00038478308,0.0000018414142],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009347887,0.00012070486,0.37682074,0.00013540055,0.0000059185477,9.3119377e-7,0.078229755,5.763625e-7,0.00023511381,0.071195036,0.00008524277,0.47316122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006843508,0.0005000262,0.09851535,0.0038867218,0.0000210508,0.00001955519,0.83686554,0.0007027552,0.00040773585,0.016649604,0.0413895,0.00035781213],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000090211004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016219949,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7586358,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004002062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006842468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31737933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394134376","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.21711872","title":"Including patients and caregivers in assessment in the pediatric competence by design curriculum: A national consensus study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Competence (human resources); Consensus conference; Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Medical physics; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.06525011231039284,"score_gpt":0.35848598788155006,"score_spread":0.2932358755711572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394134376","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00074375456,0.00020386171,3.9472294e-8,0.00007222251,0.000055364613,0.0012074737,0.99742377,0.0000104647825,0.0002830804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.024456875,0.000033043205,0.000012722927,0.00010776598,0.000046084468,0.0005457396,0.97478604,0.0000057041975,0.000006034088],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962572,0.0019482537,0.0002225798,0.00032593752,0.0009838481,0.00026217115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982604,0.0012852666,0.00022079419,0.00009778071,0.000095050724,0.000040708223],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011515046,0.00015152142,0.00017701052,0.00023739565,0.0005712189,0.00012110329,0.000516301,0.00009453259,0.043224514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016995465,0.00013575233,0.000023788522,0.0007544196,0.00001581848,0.00007668945,0.00024402417,0.00077222474,0.000016565895],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027475928,0.0001795957,0.011448455,0.0000433497,0.0000040584637,0.000026640359,0.0035151623,0.000047372,7.657396e-9,0.0000014859146,0.9846491,0.00008199609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080796366,0.00019013936,0.010172273,0.00015229914,0.000017706767,6.123599e-7,0.019700598,0.000033146654,1.09560325e-8,0.00001898662,0.96860284,0.0003034445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004731993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024002586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04320795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040515728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009829107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9576501},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394919266","doi":"10.1007/s10459-024-10335-1","title":"Should I do a synthesis (i.e. literature review)?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Advances in Health Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; University of Toronto; University Health Network; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.021071075371209676,"score_gpt":0.443318966434028,"score_spread":0.42224789106281835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394919266","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000010233363,0.5192605,0.0000058491732,0.008426572,0.44642743,0.00055122044,0.000022069962,0.00006792977,0.025237396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00006939148,0.6866724,0.0010600548,0.0010934069,0.30859435,0.00043548353,0.00005099646,0.000018913806,0.0020050216],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9946215,0.0011467113,0.0007824129,0.00097568065,0.0016781522,0.00079552643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99605876,0.00256474,0.0005634493,0.0003043737,0.00028804902,0.00022060321],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010979648,0.00029492963,0.00052651967,0.00064992503,0.0009745308,0.00046716598,0.00096812967,0.0004766998,0.00019162068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009006832,0.00026107286,0.000108730615,0.0037398622,0.0005004802,0.001274686,0.00006292896,0.0014415974,0.0000913926],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027723615,0.000032829863,0.000052314936,0.007557775,0.0000016471731,0.0000013568451,0.003959834,0.000010400665,5.119183e-8,0.0034584715,0.7890179,0.19590464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020951657,0.00005549981,0.0000025804147,0.05671868,0.000011178195,7.08338e-7,0.0013243345,0.0000046908744,3.6367987e-7,0.006016717,0.9355938,0.00025053535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002346642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030329768,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19565411,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00085386296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.016795034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396833753","doi":"10.37870/joqie.v14i23.419","title":"Analysis of Declared Pedagogical Practices in STEM Education in Morocco","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Quality in Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Sociology; Mathematics education; Political science; Pedagogy; Psychology","score_opus":0.2394627501038237,"score_gpt":0.5518141526660784,"score_spread":0.3123514025622547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396833753","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98499393,0.0029919893,0.00004531026,0.0094707655,0.00035635795,0.00011001048,6.674401e-7,0.0000034798247,0.0020275132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987128,0.00061790406,0.00013412035,0.00012919326,0.0001261702,0.0000038648213,0.0000021014753,0.000002644156,0.00027121446],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962613,0.0025785414,0.0006309108,0.00007630611,0.00033295626,0.000120002114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977892,0.0012652228,0.00067762943,0.000092387476,0.00014093945,0.00003460257],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014184829,0.000049186983,0.00019027764,0.00077461824,0.000045662,0.00004850086,0.00020826221,0.00006291142,0.000065195934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013983239,0.000037035763,0.00006222107,0.002097165,0.00005256355,0.000474144,0.000010076954,0.00034315034,0.0000019240706],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012530532,0.00080675207,0.44695148,0.00010674113,0.00007832305,9.687709e-7,0.40029785,0.0017881861,0.00039118083,0.011975874,0.00016247627,0.13731487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001287823,0.00004769832,0.5957969,0.0003616069,0.00020166782,0.0000024273063,0.3911498,0.00030139217,0.00005968561,0.0059593325,0.005896254,0.00009447252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017383521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022736635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1488454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003464242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0043042386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99509585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396926175","doi":"10.1016/j.cptl.2024.04.011","title":"Medicinal chemistry curriculum and pedagogical practices at Canadian pharmacy schools: Towards standardization of practice","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Dalhousie University; University of Alberta; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacy; Standardization; Curriculum; Medical education; Pharmacy education; Pharmacy practice; Medicine; Chemistry; Engineering ethics; Pedagogy; Political science; Sociology; Engineering; Nursing","score_opus":0.09931877020319775,"score_gpt":0.4837604165690262,"score_spread":0.38444164636582845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396926175","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92563486,0.022524038,0.0005333269,0.006031742,0.00062037417,0.00028447932,0.0000114489785,0.00016000823,0.0441997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949062,0.0035933037,0.00048347228,0.00008247198,0.00033369457,0.000009936612,0.00001877572,0.000015709946,0.0005564346],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967875,0.0016927386,0.00028589804,0.00037093123,0.00044769736,0.00041526838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986995,0.0006053988,0.0002375216,0.000058263508,0.00007633522,0.00032298965],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007020648,0.00015344073,0.00018660759,0.00017387963,0.0011117444,0.00023172579,0.0001340125,0.000056828296,0.00028902787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008704119,0.00014765536,0.000032200558,0.00027725255,0.00013754363,0.00091611233,0.00007653432,0.002375887,0.0000045364186],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007839762,0.00007935902,0.14319688,0.0005587613,0.000073298695,0.000104039675,0.11007725,0.00038007257,0.0007610181,0.0008179118,0.00077298813,0.74310005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061436323,0.000021271588,0.000251793,0.00051271485,0.00008254592,0.00003776548,0.01958791,0.007444674,0.00006483003,0.000037530757,0.97115153,0.00019309025],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16534919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026004994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9703785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028745746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00092845445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396981369","doi":"10.69520/jipe.v6i.168","title":"Building An Interprofessional Practice Approach In a Polytechnic Institution Beginning With Health-Care Education and Embracing The Concept As An Operational Leadership Imperative","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of innovation in polytechnic education.","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"George Brown College","funders":"","keywords":"Institution; Health care; Medical education; Engineering ethics; Sociology; Psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine; Political science; Engineering; Social science","score_opus":0.03577934926717977,"score_gpt":0.40795878730149704,"score_spread":0.37217943803431724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396981369","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8543652,0.016457427,0.04447577,0.07583154,0.0017529172,0.001671951,0.00000450695,0.00013286798,0.005307769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9589809,0.000052449937,0.037542075,0.002640295,0.00056657905,0.00009119736,0.0000317235,0.000016226068,0.00007856415],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973493,0.00077245425,0.0008512735,0.0002782112,0.0005005089,0.00024821205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980868,0.00027625108,0.0005870528,0.00013765,0.0008365008,0.00007574595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0043720123,0.00015030152,0.00018084962,0.0012247451,0.00062357396,0.00037092625,0.00025395936,0.00013677255,0.00002195293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00091785676,0.000116922194,0.000020504378,0.002950544,0.00024160503,0.0036081916,0.000023965664,0.0010462204,7.62522e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010276099,0.00032339367,0.0011488989,0.0000638219,0.000014771309,0.000001627474,0.1626606,0.00056635926,0.00066616735,0.73889875,0.0002466258,0.09530621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005717866,0.000735434,0.006703117,0.003307643,0.000027611139,0.00043248807,0.9705185,0.00092308124,0.0002715497,0.006196156,0.009921161,0.00039141934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014841354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029588328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80785793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009844748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.018218538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98734725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396993844","doi":"10.1186/s12909-024-05542-8","title":"From Slow Shifts to Fast Flips: Unraveling problem-based learning group function dynamics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Function (biology); Group (periodic table); Psychology; Group dynamic; Curriculum; Mathematics education; Social psychology; Pedagogy; Physics; Biology","score_opus":0.015760415974153733,"score_gpt":0.32510583164348994,"score_spread":0.3093454156693362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396993844","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13189022,0.0014643933,0.81361604,0.017169738,0.007534879,0.0009810249,0.000008071613,0.0011405257,0.026195092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9774777,0.000043047003,0.015112355,0.001433966,0.0030202516,0.00016483349,0.00038006663,0.000037151363,0.0023305803],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975173,0.0005286611,0.0002911576,0.00043632346,0.00086778065,0.00035876528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99858874,0.0006806485,0.00006303998,0.00012800746,0.00011187768,0.00042768684],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021330302,0.00013659755,0.00013868383,0.00021058986,0.0004990589,0.00028155273,0.00022335177,0.0002344494,0.0014484812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003078894,0.00013489129,0.0000665,0.0009240252,0.00007731578,0.00024140839,0.00003081882,0.0005349892,0.0003878535],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058781072,0.00017238097,0.007962612,0.00023890198,0.00002309706,0.0000025902832,0.0203825,0.0014241666,0.00010531953,0.02647648,0.0056755734,0.9374776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052649155,0.00037715476,0.005125246,0.0032510322,0.00010992728,0.0000011835915,0.027712725,0.17900515,0.000020505742,0.010981854,0.7721094,0.00077935745],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008600356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0080806175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93669826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040379286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0062281853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99946433},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399216284","doi":"10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00080","title":"“Systems Thinking (ST) Encourages a Safe Space to Offer Different Perspectives and Insights”: Student Perspectives and Experiences with ST Activities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chemical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The King's University; University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Relevance (law); Intervention (counseling); Systems thinking; Psychology; Space (punctuation); Medical education; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.009223745487706856,"score_gpt":0.3175530091103058,"score_spread":0.30832926362259894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399216284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97589654,0.017692959,0.00011039429,0.0045007784,0.00030266208,0.0001615016,7.104694e-7,0.000019037376,0.0013154142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983538,0.0004962236,0.0002783298,0.000029794708,0.0005525218,0.000020993117,3.3347607e-7,0.000008644028,0.00025940908],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886847,0.00014876295,0.00016987808,0.00019830427,0.00046360813,0.00015098252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992533,0.00027561912,0.00011859378,0.000050793158,0.00014947064,0.00015223627],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037639425,0.00011783563,0.00019346483,0.00016746578,0.00022577107,0.0005478293,0.00011626046,0.000054469718,0.000035882615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016062534,0.000078310615,0.000033765602,0.00018391595,0.00020843104,0.00053115527,0.00003049416,0.0002652809,3.4867935e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043017877,0.00010371742,0.0006706168,0.00004291818,0.000049028902,0.0000027721737,0.9859317,0.0000025601487,0.0033100357,0.007220192,0.0003256578,0.0022977714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009389576,0.00016705952,0.0009838962,0.0004532219,0.00003236679,0.000023544153,0.99394625,0.000011060995,0.0013222849,0.000429606,0.0024171453,0.00011965333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012710529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027746783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022457208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024862846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047228968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52827305},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399870604","doi":"10.23977/acss.2024.080107","title":"TSPPT: Two-Stage Prompt Pre-Train to Promote Few-Shot Learning Performance","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Computer Signals and Systems","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stage (stratigraphy); Shot (pellet); Computer science; Psychology; Materials science; Geology","score_opus":0.02665639623570265,"score_gpt":0.34453015943096565,"score_spread":0.317873763195263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399870604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8573856,0.027413024,0.092847496,0.0005986722,0.0029610107,0.0022875387,0.000009882095,0.0006459488,0.015850829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99463457,0.0006934502,0.0016833595,0.00007798941,0.0007106165,0.00010035667,0.0000034792342,0.000021014794,0.0020751504],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978286,0.00043834047,0.00036640654,0.0004987683,0.0003648959,0.00050295936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993643,0.00024247375,0.00007553458,0.00012177379,0.000050852497,0.0001450579],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002366303,0.00018429835,0.00028526128,0.00018917165,0.00041675207,0.00054123765,0.00024473446,0.00007532156,0.000038133858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036497626,0.00016302509,0.000043086846,0.00055260764,0.00007805946,0.00079029833,0.000082853956,0.0003454847,0.000042703567],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042781303,0.000045402856,0.013673816,0.0015677568,0.000034365814,0.00008556801,0.07709358,0.22744736,0.0008121201,0.008416647,0.0001513561,0.67062926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026020588,0.00040228906,0.00042579378,0.0021141954,0.000006983602,0.000010184775,0.0009123387,0.2683638,0.00008917465,0.00019245606,0.72681487,0.00040774475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00050622114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022833084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7266635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121300945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.664797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401343528","doi":"10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i7/21821","title":"Factors Influencing the Adoption of Problem-Based Learning for Building Technology Education in Developing Countries","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Descriptive statistics; China; Lifelong learning; Developing country; Problem-based learning; Business; Medical education; Psychology; Knowledge management; Economic growth; Political science; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Medicine; Economics","score_opus":0.12391722485402824,"score_gpt":0.48538388326119347,"score_spread":0.36146665840716524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401343528","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9492991,0.0015357592,0.0011883222,0.047276825,0.0003145072,0.0001675193,7.258811e-7,0.0000072338953,0.00020999336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972413,0.0015698092,0.0008706101,0.00005371934,0.00023577077,0.00001126826,6.3442144e-7,0.0000034081368,0.000013450737],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99822897,0.00025635236,0.00036703542,0.000120780576,0.00079497613,0.00023189018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99794775,0.000968503,0.00018109857,0.000014439361,0.0008723566,0.00001582783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009283325,0.00005366176,0.00011633243,0.0012788249,0.0005046809,0.00019032245,0.0004889264,0.00012491421,0.0000032472772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001004789,0.00003751998,0.000026158381,0.0016127813,0.00081552577,0.00062195084,0.000049030008,0.0005977396,1.372313e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060338625,0.000022556356,0.3151302,0.00019410637,0.000018223094,0.000003265809,0.033940963,0.002435495,0.0011648041,0.5384322,0.000066650515,0.10853121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010458971,0.00027042552,0.21278617,0.009554828,0.000020198848,0.000012093266,0.16422741,0.0033386766,0.0014405606,0.26273653,0.34408876,0.00047843144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009241405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020204828,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3440221,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030825892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0043202373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7663916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401742122","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2023-0147","title":"Case-Based E-Learning Tool Affects Self-Confidence in Clinical Reasoning Skills Among Veterinary Students—A Survey at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Context (archaeology); Norwegian; Veterinary medicine; Exploratory research; Medicine; Veterinary education; Resource (disambiguation); Psychology; Curriculum; Pedagogy; Computer science","score_opus":0.06038564831683972,"score_gpt":0.4127902359430621,"score_spread":0.35240458762622234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401742122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962555,0.0006764778,0.00017777807,0.0011614513,0.0011754074,0.00016696802,0.0000010249458,0.000023220853,0.00036216556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99848366,0.00042621105,0.000508296,0.00015745305,0.00027922128,0.0000012446745,0.0000018983009,0.00000808286,0.00013392269],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9941193,0.0038019426,0.00052091706,0.00023216648,0.0010653305,0.00026038117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961286,0.0029018128,0.0004428458,0.000113212955,0.0001544401,0.00025905203],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.020848103,0.00010829986,0.0002643871,0.00022175297,0.00058232015,0.000084650164,0.00060141593,0.00016505155,0.00039550714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0078146355,0.00008741945,0.00012732064,0.0007573767,0.0007095301,0.00045388532,0.00012728848,0.0008162508,0.000008113585],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037451848,0.0007346495,0.9296462,0.00020889533,0.00006864922,0.0029008514,0.019814879,0.00031026002,0.00006785483,0.00016724382,0.0017239318,0.04398207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085047405,0.0033250006,0.95554477,0.0028431148,0.00006812637,0.0010835496,0.011416015,0.0014800469,0.000004472649,0.00004857271,0.02305584,0.00028001925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020401531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065714313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043702047,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026462466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0062977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99933565},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403568471","doi":"10.53664/jssd/03-03-2024-13-154-164","title":"STUDY APPROACHES OF POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS IN ODL SYSTEM: A LONGITUDINAL SURVEY","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Social Sciences Development","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Education and Early Childhood Development","funders":"","keywords":"Medical education; Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.244787347246819,"score_gpt":0.41614282325228735,"score_spread":0.17135547600546835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403568471","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99380517,0.00044422297,0.00007486851,0.0003025455,0.0005781773,0.00027921872,0.0000013488188,0.000016396461,0.0044980664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99912524,0.000016341799,0.0005831684,0.00000829521,0.00012578837,0.000005679872,4.1755956e-7,0.0000056185677,0.00012942767],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959657,0.0009574494,0.00075816637,0.00020890936,0.0017633707,0.00034639894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991097,0.00025959694,0.00035040703,0.000037471298,0.00017092025,0.000071935036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02040731,0.00011380299,0.00033150674,0.00044599455,0.00059871946,0.00028005298,0.0007019335,0.00006055093,0.00001974039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022018961,0.00008979502,0.000075887845,0.0017666726,0.0003144501,0.00040825063,0.00009869857,0.00025751043,0.0000073369797],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031437045,0.0002624894,0.8252241,0.00006349535,0.00007765234,0.00007838069,0.16413738,0.000032241445,0.000007932369,0.0020109122,0.000088133136,0.0079858545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030874572,0.00021741455,0.9038831,0.00026408464,0.000019124003,0.0000064851147,0.09403237,0.00001494227,0.000023652168,0.000082632716,0.0010044596,0.00014296794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014263747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038965635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07865902,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047984294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022086543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7072807},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403794127","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2023.17014","title":"A first-year integrated project-based course: Students' experience and engagement working in teams amid COVID-19","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Saint Vincent University; McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Course (navigation); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Medical education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Engineering; Medicine; Virology","score_opus":0.016864438805222055,"score_gpt":0.31358307988775763,"score_spread":0.2967186410825356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403794127","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.951235,0.0010037228,0.00012802517,0.033849206,0.0026762832,0.0023609677,0.000020917507,0.0004397465,0.008286138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99753016,0.0000338012,0.0005534884,0.0003239434,0.000107462714,0.00017577586,0.0000041772664,0.00001838853,0.0012527849],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873036,0.00003827171,0.00022184668,0.00023263869,0.00044639604,0.00033047394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992885,0.00016781532,0.0001354187,0.00005503834,0.00015495988,0.0001982669],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020220468,0.000117719006,0.000121345445,0.0003991774,0.00042648122,0.0004092183,0.00031000032,0.00012597926,0.000037055725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025727493,0.00011641188,0.000040802737,0.0012340187,0.00004516505,0.00021784648,0.000025432377,0.00034408012,0.0000027684775],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005234811,0.00006787548,0.8680383,0.00035388392,0.000047668695,5.883069e-7,0.09540528,0.0008612303,0.00011534521,0.018249575,0.015091771,0.0017632392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003946377,0.000025906367,0.08700409,0.0011622648,0.000051815874,8.894162e-7,0.035223532,0.0052564344,0.00012755788,0.0002371474,0.87007815,0.00043761192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08123314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09555182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85498637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0045377677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041786595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403852730","doi":"10.4018/979-8-3693-6021-7.ch009","title":"Iterative Design for Adapting Engineering Learning Systems to Tunisian Education","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Learning design; Iterative learning control; Engineering; Engineering management; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Psychology","score_opus":0.021523074932728297,"score_gpt":0.2906696148322618,"score_spread":0.26914653989953347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403852730","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00014133131,0.34965444,0.13593984,0.025263095,0.012070539,0.009497415,0.00014492823,0.0026678354,0.4646206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007294094,0.043290246,0.33533648,0.00014672217,0.0017816694,0.0029434285,0.0001389324,0.0001708545,0.60889757],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984265,0.000049829378,0.00039521034,0.0005314499,0.00027878405,0.00031821223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986273,0.00076773216,0.00018771569,0.000117592375,0.00023833575,0.00006129657],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000599686,0.00031250852,0.0003007826,0.0006688639,0.00060201244,0.00024121045,0.0002296479,0.00034595712,0.00003919937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006939058,0.0003353524,0.00005683823,0.00018349926,0.00027667597,0.0012773498,0.00006517822,0.0005363676,0.000011689241],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039690003,0.000007206619,0.000009329515,0.00015929683,0.000024695019,6.346246e-7,0.0011776855,0.016397921,0.000024189989,0.9336157,0.00036600124,0.04817769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000050421655,0.00014671448,0.0000040302575,0.0009561293,0.000016328386,0.000019736215,0.0064419587,0.00030423235,0.000027009433,0.19809505,0.79360735,0.000331039],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003375815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003024905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7932413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043445226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001109217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999099},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403865941","doi":"10.5334/bdc.o","title":"The role of simulation in EPA-based curricula","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Ubiquity Press eBooks","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Environmental science; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.0326021829951505,"score_gpt":0.318584579012203,"score_spread":0.2859823960170525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403865941","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000051186405,0.0022802711,0.000057117766,0.000058881178,0.0001638572,0.00048006963,0.000022851973,0.000058052894,0.9968277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3581143,0.00007017575,0.000030646243,0.000030253943,0.00024095038,0.00002733791,0.000012330608,0.000040483592,0.64143354],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986104,0.00009728205,0.00032553446,0.00025614607,0.00045543606,0.00025524021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987891,0.00060737994,0.00020864839,0.00024653436,0.00009574438,0.00005263811],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00090647285,0.0001724959,0.00021917501,0.00010710294,0.0002561722,0.00013514108,0.00034469945,0.00032195615,0.000062633226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009191411,0.00013852266,0.00014369079,0.000017019123,0.00030345432,0.000048682356,0.00009076669,0.00050917227,0.000023478711],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028412802,0.000005926471,0.000017072562,0.00005893939,0.00001855962,0.0000048588145,0.002781679,0.0025776518,0.0000087921835,0.8612816,0.000033875316,0.13318263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008779996,0.000020076157,0.0000018528136,0.00035142244,0.000029902169,6.622376e-8,0.00008419343,0.00337111,0.0001015004,0.10729533,0.8885064,0.00015031389],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014174399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012451862,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88847256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000948601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002672158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.564879},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404060983","doi":"10.3390/ime3040034","title":"An Exploratory Study of Small-Group Learning Interactions in Pre-Clerkship Medical Education: Uncovering a Mismatch Between Student Perceptions and Real-Time Observations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Small group learning; Perception; Exploratory research; Psychology; Medical education; Group (periodic table); Mathematics education; Medicine; Sociology; Physics","score_opus":0.048176145230987566,"score_gpt":0.41816298069988517,"score_spread":0.3699868354688976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404060983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880386,0.00012296607,0.00035156458,0.006714249,0.0013871072,0.00039882894,0.0000027402505,0.000118510674,0.0028654295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968729,0.00023800752,0.00045707566,0.00017153681,0.00109684,0.00028069923,0.00012167752,0.000018615949,0.0007426366],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969884,0.0007336037,0.00055834866,0.00037061088,0.0011586035,0.00019044567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985156,0.0006576685,0.00011793971,0.00013599322,0.0002276323,0.00034514087],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002148589,0.00012742875,0.00017647598,0.00042859142,0.00026763833,0.0001811007,0.00042233296,0.00012735813,0.0019166431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023544028,0.00013518229,0.00004121007,0.0005383803,0.0001377329,0.00070231943,0.000079774254,0.0006018099,0.000021939613],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018921804,0.0028850841,0.6200615,0.000061800776,0.000094021205,0.0000044404464,0.2533389,0.00011409471,0.00017752702,0.00626442,0.0005730111,0.11640628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004998365,0.00027287996,0.8079262,0.001552825,0.00006796074,0.000008009844,0.1672564,0.004226529,0.0000031926463,0.0017084477,0.016171832,0.0003059331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0094946595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01600651,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18786466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036460342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004184919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404965108","doi":"10.7759/cureus.75027","title":"Reflecting on Peer Feedback in Problem-Based Learning: Implementing a Group Function Tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cureus","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Group (periodic table); Function (biology); Peer feedback; Medical education","score_opus":0.06364416549398165,"score_gpt":0.3908927106233554,"score_spread":0.32724854512937374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404965108","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36870718,0.0017869954,0.005675783,0.008198451,0.0019578552,0.0015310387,0.000004907846,0.0019145289,0.61022323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937066,0.000017395485,0.0009730693,0.000213018,0.00044379983,0.000064834065,0.000020402085,0.000028760714,0.0045321113],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99790627,0.00038363438,0.0002633694,0.00038255384,0.00047876558,0.0005853988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993916,0.00031035175,0.00007111965,0.00010454312,0.00006586621,0.0000564855],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003789579,0.00013647751,0.00012813878,0.00017489406,0.00065600843,0.00034632458,0.00014087601,0.000118326694,0.00065639446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000558655,0.00013519036,0.00007774082,0.0007778554,0.00004067307,0.0003191042,0.000034845503,0.00061030535,0.00014890067],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003420467,0.00034464276,0.08434287,0.0006485129,0.00013740321,0.00012885609,0.069458835,0.0058907825,0.009124777,0.18777879,0.013241737,0.6285608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003791035,0.00031195887,0.0013312163,0.00033409422,0.000021140655,6.920456e-7,0.003449177,0.0019386393,0.000111002795,0.0027781427,0.98906404,0.0002808187],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002463701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038130707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97582227,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032040986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025165573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71870595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405260710","doi":"10.59518/farabimedj.1556398","title":"Basic Principles in the Application of Problem-Based Learning in Medical Biochemistry Education","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Farabi Tıp Dergisi","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Brainstorming; Curriculum; Scope (computer science); Medical education; Problem-based learning; Field (mathematics); Work (physics); Computer science; Teaching method; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Medicine; Psychology; Engineering; Pedagogy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.015526004027368517,"score_gpt":0.3317507411074791,"score_spread":0.31622473708011056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405260710","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8688342,0.0037376317,0.0053829607,0.027985217,0.00024041813,0.0011242928,0.0000025316683,0.0002213446,0.09247141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99861044,0.00005957579,0.00044001488,0.0002103982,0.000117511445,0.00016578838,0.000021674488,0.000008455785,0.000366137],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998459,0.00037629288,0.00027118385,0.00022509346,0.00046613067,0.00020234475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929994,0.00042347683,0.00006996409,0.00012695616,0.000038288003,0.000041367482],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027383452,0.00007694342,0.00010127213,0.00014752336,0.00011124662,0.000056250476,0.00029648535,0.00013998036,0.00008971889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005785794,0.00006279601,0.00004001561,0.00091408525,0.00011757912,0.00009658341,0.000018993149,0.00042437826,0.00001742874],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004507637,0.00058126805,0.16307057,0.0011214965,0.00001663993,0.000021605492,0.04306985,0.0071152207,0.003567745,0.103642106,0.0007470481,0.67700136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006017962,0.00008360899,0.019370703,0.0014854871,0.000022829248,0.000004689308,0.011848267,0.023880335,0.002204066,0.0061255745,0.9339396,0.0004330756],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029096785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020896045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9331925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001084697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020194587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4398583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405674854","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2024.18573","title":"The use of Oral Exams to Evaluate Experiential Learning Outcomes in a Lab Setting","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Psychology; Medical education; Medicine; Mathematics education; Medical physics","score_opus":0.020360290099804643,"score_gpt":0.2916201251109577,"score_spread":0.271259835011153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405674854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.977616,0.00015685878,0.000017564475,0.017393129,0.0018809666,0.0005437584,0.000006495805,0.00008793582,0.00229729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99378157,0.000012395886,0.0005199924,0.00010681912,0.000086818014,0.000061779094,0.0000016022992,0.000018115807,0.005410885],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987927,0.000050383238,0.0002678546,0.00014759834,0.0004134524,0.00032800625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905413,0.00030648705,0.00016542393,0.000052558105,0.00030601377,0.00011539622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022760255,0.000090126865,0.00012344973,0.00027989811,0.00038634962,0.00032213598,0.00024389235,0.00009139126,0.000021151052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006985316,0.0000748285,0.00006894068,0.00089393725,0.00002462872,0.0003181875,0.000028607436,0.00027100882,0.0000053463355],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010247166,0.00005413206,0.68175024,0.00028803715,0.00018067824,2.9491912e-7,0.18462461,0.014742374,0.003394735,0.045297872,0.017893545,0.051763218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001707217,0.000031208623,0.11905608,0.0005448339,0.000049587048,5.1428583e-7,0.0103509035,0.007906446,0.0009432772,0.00024662082,0.8603796,0.00032020162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06581438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.053964764,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8424861,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015112783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012660087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9632979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406142851","doi":"10.36834/cmej.77394","title":"Evaluating the outcomes of problem-based learning in postgraduate medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"London Health Sciences Centre; Queen's University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"PsycINFO; CINAHL; MEDLINE; Meta-analysis; Problem-based learning; Medical education; Medicine; Web of science; Psychology; Family medicine; Nursing; Internal medicine; Psychological intervention","score_opus":0.10726111609260106,"score_gpt":0.4808639918316388,"score_spread":0.3736028757390377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406142851","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[5.1332205e-7,0.92472786,0.000017898148,0.07193701,0.00021117582,0.001640837,0.0000045919014,0.0000091914035,0.0014509396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000024132552,0.9784646,0.0003318223,0.017827883,0.000107543776,0.0006180553,0.000033531513,0.000016476173,0.0025759414],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","domain_scores_codex":[0.98728526,0.008031595,0.0019466836,0.00033522813,0.0019486493,0.0004525671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9924996,0.0021509076,0.0014645117,0.00032833646,0.00068512844,0.0028715082],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.024249367,0.0003142316,0.0036751234,0.0013117235,0.0007282681,0.00016307144,0.0009847075,0.0004206689,0.01138805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.14473824,0.00018884074,0.0011661624,0.0028969774,0.00028251193,0.00010497996,0.000033344015,0.0020946497,0.000008081894],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010031056,0.00014190504,0.00010140776,0.5706965,0.023386408,0.000011523231,0.0025484718,0.000007847093,6.303387e-10,0.003085063,0.00475797,0.39526194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011560162,0.000042075455,0.000007942368,0.16697618,0.4608986,0.00006615502,0.0011845157,0.000057816953,2.0269921e-9,0.0002397102,0.3700406,0.00037079534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030289987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.062221073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4375122,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005575648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.36644053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98951566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406348213","doi":"10.2196/68743","title":"Understanding Community Health Care Through Problem-Based Learning With Real-Patient Videos: Single-Arm Pre-Post Mixed Methods Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Preprint; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.06686488020065387,"score_gpt":0.4547685393821314,"score_spread":0.3879036591814775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406348213","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68591696,0.0009822138,0.14699148,0.038606133,0.0019907774,0.008026021,0.000004888688,0.0010467874,0.11643477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98151076,0.000023577662,0.015666714,0.00198267,0.00009184673,0.0004377892,0.000071853094,0.000020517196,0.00019424767],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9904516,0.0074590724,0.0004430388,0.0003370906,0.00084671855,0.0004624967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99780416,0.0010392942,0.00031230698,0.00030099077,0.00028285198,0.00026038277],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0040772483,0.00018864064,0.0003033968,0.0001882373,0.0026827552,0.00014239617,0.00035326567,0.00017212384,0.00014738689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018161164,0.00016509225,0.000054249507,0.0010714195,0.00029161098,0.00024242043,0.00007643465,0.0011647398,0.0000029507546],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017898912,0.004225119,0.015491864,0.00048434324,0.00006110552,0.0000013816197,0.70490175,0.00022322426,0.000020580736,0.007235233,0.0017959287,0.26538044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010386136,0.003463654,0.004522068,0.0013272396,0.00004946788,6.8596125e-7,0.9397862,0.00011603691,0.00005225392,0.0014170053,0.04792756,0.000299191],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.043291744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024967248,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29559386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018775248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010971292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406403594","doi":"10.5539/jel.v14n3p85","title":"Enhancing Learning Efficiency and Critical Thinking Skills of Vocational Nursing Students: A Hybrid Instructional Approach Based on Cooperative Learning and Project-Based Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vocational education; Psychology; Critical thinking; Mathematics education; Experiential learning; Cooperative learning; Active learning (machine learning); Teaching method; Pedagogy; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.010127526616566058,"score_gpt":0.36438800103264685,"score_spread":0.3542604744160808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406403594","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91508025,0.0018796591,0.067343995,0.0025207992,0.00057849323,0.0004392289,7.574834e-7,0.00007526982,0.01208153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843474,0.00013331325,0.014109161,0.00021207893,0.00022581551,0.000012230425,0.000009481206,0.000019658744,0.0009308302],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959649,0.0018893809,0.000625997,0.00036687028,0.000806403,0.0003464492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996238,0.0020287924,0.0006377238,0.00005717823,0.0008877777,0.00015054607],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0046245707,0.00022723463,0.00040199977,0.0008939381,0.002722527,0.00038968032,0.00016410623,0.00013224267,0.000036230635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009784121,0.00022406127,0.000080179176,0.0006662785,0.00049569306,0.00043404932,0.000040693256,0.0020223092,5.758387e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00068670814,0.002737722,0.38881287,0.0010275836,0.00021056004,0.0000094285915,0.14268778,0.10744395,0.0037992024,0.020481186,0.00026872836,0.3318343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0099028675,0.00622774,0.09850063,0.021413727,0.00086678885,0.0002646208,0.6008914,0.16475567,0.0026149058,0.0018461578,0.090294264,0.002421233],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008213353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000047135304,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4582036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020161778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00244488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407408931","doi":"10.5430/jct.v14n1p226","title":"An Exploration of Teaching Strategies Used to Teach Natural Sciences at the Science Centre in Pretoria, South Africa","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Curriculum and Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Natural science; Natural (archaeology); Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Geography; Psychology; Archaeology; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.029774365661120267,"score_gpt":0.34958182255739706,"score_spread":0.31980745689627676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407408931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98699933,0.0004302994,0.0010010917,0.0018694423,0.00043722187,0.00015660722,6.3749826e-7,0.000012207072,0.0090931645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985044,0.0000075327985,0.0012027787,0.00003410531,0.00014221472,0.0000013455704,2.1099308e-7,0.0000029658972,0.000104452716],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976732,0.00082710554,0.00036753996,0.00018741816,0.0006378224,0.00030692347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991555,0.00022614731,0.00032037252,0.00009169963,0.00011900664,0.00008725049],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01040586,0.00009628198,0.00018760838,0.0004306967,0.001969314,0.00041909778,0.0005080865,0.000042371536,0.000005072913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011492932,0.00006214492,0.00004689294,0.00053397816,0.0004126346,0.0028118272,0.0000800319,0.00061719574,3.9346784e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036141566,0.0001515294,0.08484266,0.000033829,0.0000148895715,0.000004561207,0.685829,0.0031254927,0.012181177,0.1923604,0.00015300058,0.021267354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000797746,0.0004336592,0.009134786,0.0010227944,0.000056134922,0.0000054175084,0.9658707,0.0025615701,0.0008242053,0.009941604,0.009006076,0.000345333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007434702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008004502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28004172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013881663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006588279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407582932","doi":"10.5539/jel.v14n4p35","title":"The Inquiry Based Learning Platform with Generative Artificial Intelligence to Promote Remembering and Understanding Skills for Dental Public Health Students","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Generative grammar; Mathematics education; Generative model; Pedagogy; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.11578823857741517,"score_gpt":0.4271835353395045,"score_spread":0.3113952967620893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407582932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74009883,0.00062360184,0.24466522,0.013087147,0.0005537852,0.0004809081,1.8393821e-7,0.000019064935,0.00047122125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99248034,0.00013768989,0.006276825,0.00042000323,0.0002279111,0.000012259238,0.0000011703793,0.000007834681,0.00043595038],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987064,0.00031971588,0.00030779993,0.0001346718,0.00027189206,0.000259538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987819,0.000492536,0.0003418321,0.000037921178,0.00018577965,0.00016003905],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0045712655,0.00008605651,0.00014187102,0.00022329531,0.002801072,0.00060667784,0.00012649452,0.00003941853,0.000007271431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013181735,0.00006419321,0.000028518221,0.00035772444,0.0001068516,0.00028338234,0.000028455024,0.0004346639,3.4088876e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001565317,0.00014392578,0.05173238,0.000069199654,0.000078047,8.151646e-7,0.15609851,0.002484394,0.000116517804,0.028473029,0.00012512608,0.76052153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045537707,0.001549546,0.0057642944,0.0011787685,0.000046842066,0.00001738179,0.84402865,0.0019267118,0.00026689447,0.004986164,0.13945203,0.00032736952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059191214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003506458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7601941,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032669373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013597881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984971},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407908316","doi":"10.1002/ase.70011","title":"Celebrating student engagement in an undergraduate histology course: A showcase review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Anatomical Sciences Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Session (web analytics); Student engagement; Psychology; Mathematics education; Medical education; Multimedia; Computer science; Medicine; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.07555095495799359,"score_gpt":0.49918387371025597,"score_spread":0.4236329187522624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407908316","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004715779,0.9760003,0.000013380715,0.003045027,0.0008278591,0.0013979548,0.0000025259278,0.00005144615,0.018614339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00048097037,0.9968969,0.00038530963,0.0009414617,0.00017425994,0.00035646855,0.000048941973,0.000009100637,0.00070655],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9939684,0.003519208,0.0007023705,0.0007218365,0.00053379755,0.00055437937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99834925,0.00072427705,0.0004267657,0.00023885262,0.000089950525,0.00017091665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0063393773,0.00025658068,0.00085908297,0.000348789,0.00088070123,0.0001811604,0.0009785445,0.00021107527,0.00019139677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008217001,0.00022204577,0.00016701352,0.0021152599,0.0004297698,0.0003386939,0.00010722149,0.00058497407,0.000038408165],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.2387297e-7,0.00020135188,0.00017163946,0.0045262603,0.000007111258,0.0000020890702,0.0007799583,8.5097497e-7,3.931229e-8,0.03309512,0.0020113327,0.9592039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000040831565,0.000042247844,0.000013926935,0.027005425,0.00018658923,0.0000016309366,0.0011488363,0.000008426588,4.8250914e-8,0.00092052156,0.9703627,0.00026876462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00173902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036574823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9683514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008189316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01234747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9932516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408154576","doi":"10.1515/ijnes-2024-0074","title":"Nurse educators’ experience in implementing concept-based curriculum: a phenomenology study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Phenomenology (philosophy); Adaptation (eye); Resistance (ecology); Hermeneutic phenomenology; Medical education; Nurse educator; Nursing; Curriculum development; Psychology; Pedagogy; Lived experience; Medicine; Nurse education","score_opus":0.06134457397221541,"score_gpt":0.4950332846951676,"score_spread":0.4336887107229522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408154576","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97509575,0.00049201964,0.00035565853,0.008477869,0.0054829693,0.0002338814,0.0000011310354,0.000016931617,0.009843781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979457,0.000007867475,0.0008783268,0.0005505407,0.0003999866,0.00002008166,0.0000038381304,0.000005428584,0.00018821363],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976747,0.0007314177,0.000583921,0.0001810933,0.00055638293,0.00027249818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982547,0.00022073106,0.0004518586,0.00010681663,0.000879931,0.0000859264],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022200164,0.00010047575,0.00016366252,0.00092197733,0.00026002259,0.0002594316,0.00070368196,0.00006460241,0.00021464656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013986368,0.000106489744,0.000067277055,0.0006409873,0.00015269882,0.00066758407,0.000015418875,0.00046016774,0.00000603455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006142372,0.0030927695,0.70076156,0.0000031755249,0.00004200179,0.000007963035,0.11558779,0.00006094746,0.00015347243,0.010219447,0.00088532845,0.16912414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002546992,0.00022682862,0.213308,0.0016545574,0.000062592706,0.00002005376,0.7289788,0.000027879674,0.0003919033,0.011310689,0.041138574,0.0003330945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004039712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011696029,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61339104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010277729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033811678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59980464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408243566","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2024-0131","title":"Developing and Evaluating Animal Welfare Case Studies for Veterinary Students","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Animal welfare; Graduation (instrument); Multidisciplinary approach; Variety (cybernetics); Veterinary medicine; Resource (disambiguation); Medical education; Welfare; Process (computing); Veterinary education; Curriculum; Medicine; Psychology; Pedagogy; Political science; Engineering; Computer science; Sociology; Biology; Social science","score_opus":0.21616827043956527,"score_gpt":0.5610036996995099,"score_spread":0.34483542925994465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408243566","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9782782,0.0031953533,0.00039809188,0.016483303,0.0012318436,0.00020226331,5.1103694e-7,0.0000105726185,0.00019982022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99096435,0.00048844324,0.0074858745,0.0005104686,0.00039196038,0.000024055253,8.4140305e-7,0.0000053620433,0.00012865044],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842787,0.00041396022,0.00039728603,0.00011765401,0.0004715851,0.0001716499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872464,0.00045027508,0.00023956502,0.000050405768,0.00041135142,0.00012373657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035297524,0.00008066966,0.00019256615,0.00016340302,0.00070371927,0.000060618102,0.0001788857,0.00008201666,0.000035645226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0057391217,0.000071362054,0.000048044934,0.00018675615,0.00012622622,0.00024891642,0.000087113774,0.00019183458,3.8676149e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007860007,0.00030105744,0.0045837425,0.0008453797,0.00025933332,0.0006954382,0.03353539,0.0000027743813,0.00077071774,0.00791179,0.0014005656,0.9489078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046405564,0.012327939,0.0219641,0.006492417,0.00042703832,0.012686304,0.2695876,0.0003622734,0.00006954748,0.006856006,0.6638724,0.00071376876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058731304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001308974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.948194,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021198436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022172169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6870679},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408246518","doi":"10.3138/jvme-2024-0177","title":"Comparison of Student Satisfaction and Ease of Grading When Completing Cases Using Basic or Enhanced Case Study Formats","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Usability; Grading (engineering); Computer science; Multimedia; Perception; Variety (cybernetics); Software; Medical education; Psychology; Human–computer interaction; Engineering; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.21657257912087502,"score_gpt":0.5298730068539745,"score_spread":0.3133004277330995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408246518","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99764836,0.00032929712,0.00091480673,0.0002659745,0.0005367748,0.00019883562,5.23766e-7,0.000004576982,0.00010085959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985229,0.000034888573,0.001266102,0.0000536682,0.00010578212,0.0000025992938,3.8378477e-7,0.0000034572192,0.000010246779],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981175,0.00055332645,0.0006583985,0.00008135595,0.00047699068,0.00011242286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982932,0.0006505381,0.00065974623,0.000060363167,0.00022000202,0.000116138675],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019067563,0.00006882173,0.00028191207,0.00022026007,0.00026381508,0.000024193416,0.00008846979,0.000051606257,0.00010867221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016384879,0.00005755073,0.000039557588,0.00021136057,0.00010730978,0.00025886818,0.000039935156,0.00020001693,8.413459e-8],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005612073,0.0017122771,0.5534563,0.0004818807,0.0001228824,0.00034155184,0.1715943,0.00005722882,0.0042429618,0.00010346503,0.00022522491,0.26710072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023932562,0.0052676587,0.11893516,0.0032800795,0.00036043779,0.0024305412,0.86351806,0.0019070783,0.0005834966,0.0002218252,0.00086145016,0.0002409582],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003020814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005310891,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69192374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011818551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014023983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45665872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409017334","doi":"10.5539/hes.v15n2p246","title":"A Study of Analytical Thinking and Integrated Science Process Skills of High Vocational Diploma Students, 1st Year in Microbiology through Research Based Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vocational education; Mathematics education; Process (computing); Psychology; Teaching method; Medical education; Pedagogy; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.07747669646737881,"score_gpt":0.502834927198403,"score_spread":0.42535823073102413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409017334","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949809,0.0006898459,0.000010304804,0.0011143743,0.00021062067,0.0003645683,0.0000010457339,0.000015767066,0.0026126264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99826217,0.00006621337,0.00039228037,0.00005494439,0.000028787019,0.000066290726,0.000003117831,0.000004012411,0.0011222158],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980096,0.00066006766,0.00031743143,0.0003082099,0.0004664705,0.00023820771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977179,0.00064695184,0.00012491037,0.00010763243,0.0013785481,0.000024013576],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032679494,0.00008231872,0.00024538505,0.0005290641,0.0006026873,0.000046074485,0.0003248654,0.000051522664,0.000023394163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007907978,0.000072024945,0.00001527467,0.0026938473,0.0014339943,0.00017089075,0.00013069483,0.00027012586,0.0000013826397],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036730427,0.00124405,0.8387426,0.000093349,0.00006172879,3.7516278e-7,0.075156935,0.000078633595,0.0001956609,0.08376513,0.00015418835,0.00047057806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072877895,0.00022370515,0.70242023,0.0004384373,0.000032213684,1.3258534e-7,0.28650472,0.0000042494585,0.00026665124,0.0067164884,0.002549784,0.00011458894],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020025093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039609158,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21134779,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016532137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016092473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52836114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409317053","doi":"10.2196/67419","title":"Evaluation of the Inverted Classroom Approach in a Case-Study Course on Antithrombotic Drug Use in a PharmD Curriculum: French Monocentric Randomized Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Pharmacy; Empathy; Session (web analytics); Workload; Medicine; Medical education; Psychology; Antithrombotic; Family medicine; Pedagogy; Internal medicine; Psychiatry; Computer science","score_opus":0.036440666810855095,"score_gpt":0.40557057233622346,"score_spread":0.36912990552536834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409317053","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903348,0.00019998156,0.000016776052,0.0011030526,0.00052009,0.0064998353,3.8406264e-7,0.000019353743,0.0013057287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984036,0.000014097747,0.0000259776,0.000190798,0.00004997107,0.0011878189,0.0000039766564,0.000005523681,0.000118214346],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9888128,0.0085073905,0.0005340148,0.00031186643,0.0016098416,0.00022405495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855286,0.00063809776,0.00020479881,0.00022999298,0.0002912711,0.000082970255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.015387349,0.0001190548,0.00035581537,0.000352001,0.00018678502,0.000044594915,0.00027186147,0.00010626532,0.00014075589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006346639,0.00008581573,0.00006322693,0.0024239463,0.00016463333,0.00016696831,0.000042638352,0.00048206103,0.0000028238012],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021386734,0.015888745,0.8431899,0.000026490385,0.000048439808,0.0000071736763,0.11560381,0.00017013673,7.301076e-7,0.00022490049,0.0010764602,0.023549376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.098958075,0.00011724202,0.41406643,0.0005146054,0.00054605835,0.000004414321,0.39318287,0.09149288,0.000002607116,0.00079014513,0.00007044767,0.00025422464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06912496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0239751,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42912343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042772302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0061242958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99951005},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409441308","doi":"10.1002/prp2.70095","title":"Students Perceive Similar Gains in Collaboration, Communication and Professional Skills in Two Distinct Experiential Learning Courses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto; Government of Canada; Co-operative Education and Work-Integrated Learning Canada","keywords":"Preparedness; Experiential learning; Thematic analysis; Likert scale; Teamwork; Psychology; Medical education; Curriculum; Transformative learning; Critical thinking; Coursework; Capstone course; Qualitative research; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Sociology","score_opus":0.041247565748914757,"score_gpt":0.551353298779562,"score_spread":0.5101057330306472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409441308","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9777288,0.0020750957,0.000010015264,0.008677072,0.00015602462,0.00087615923,0.000003121365,0.000037247068,0.010436457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947655,0.0015439213,0.00008383475,0.00008938699,0.00008260458,0.00032975496,0.000008338464,0.000008073465,0.0030885627],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99217725,0.006219917,0.00021847324,0.00037907937,0.00050094974,0.0005043046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977852,0.001503899,0.000057309626,0.00009650662,0.0004748797,0.00008219249],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0048322217,0.00010680528,0.000189311,0.00063402404,0.0014201438,0.00013164255,0.00040806393,0.00008366227,0.00037838562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015131294,0.00011167405,0.000021118474,0.001361602,0.0011870652,0.00036517336,0.00029708236,0.0010974753,0.0000067980345],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023091443,0.0006673183,0.578722,0.000016274507,0.000032072305,0.000014725338,0.4101614,0.00014690479,0.0022657893,0.005349691,0.0013088958,0.00108402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002938433,0.000093505776,0.31807438,0.00015901912,0.00001214775,4.57586e-7,0.66192204,0.00042236524,0.0003121812,0.00202297,0.013856292,0.00018622595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022040613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010853125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2606476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005842657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010001961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998799},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410039862","doi":"10.5539/jel.v14n4p404","title":"The Learning Center Development to Create Knowledge, Awareness and Appreciation Value of Medicinal Plants in Mahasarakham University Demonstration School (Secondary)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Mahasarakham University","keywords":"Center (category theory); Value (mathematics); Psychology; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Sociology; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.013472380051110708,"score_gpt":0.32408381823685917,"score_spread":0.31061143818574843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410039862","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823604,0.0009691689,0.001869997,0.0010762502,0.0002484088,0.00009688811,1.2524855e-7,0.0000048799884,0.0133738695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963628,0.0005763495,0.0005538282,0.000037055066,0.000056547415,7.658931e-7,0.0000015374243,0.0000021969618,0.0024089364],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884295,0.00060826214,0.00023600634,0.00007898896,0.00012601019,0.00010780524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918175,0.0003322453,0.00023388477,0.00002361464,0.00015445145,0.000074062904],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021005215,0.000051603747,0.00010648394,0.00027137034,0.0007478401,0.000050680643,0.00007480091,0.00004757441,0.000015440603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006815034,0.00004446202,0.000015333293,0.00025064417,0.00004960233,0.00018247918,0.000016162689,0.00038839618,0.0000010138442],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000106855325,0.00006783973,0.5413176,0.00003969488,0.000023116483,9.0431246e-7,0.044522095,0.000640908,0.00019901493,0.0013438233,0.0002067747,0.4115314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062570564,0.00008939806,0.5686754,0.00071006885,0.00001601132,0.0000069838593,0.0879824,0.0002532784,0.000089020046,0.00014235571,0.34131965,0.000089724475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018844474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036075816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41144165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118807344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016865061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5751857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410453535","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-88785-7_9","title":"Cognitive Presence Indicators in Undergraduate Science Asynchronous Problem-Based Learning Discussions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Contemporary trends and issues in science education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Roads University","funders":"","keywords":"Asynchronous communication; Asynchronous learning; Cognition; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive science; Teaching method; Neuroscience; Telecommunications; Cooperative learning","score_opus":0.02559277758376409,"score_gpt":0.35880475318171234,"score_spread":0.33321197559794824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410453535","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0028513637,0.0045245453,0.00006105066,0.008037704,0.0006220718,0.0005992726,0.000008073943,0.000076453434,0.98321944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79198074,0.0005001512,0.00040748413,0.00010194791,0.00008588926,0.000058479374,0.000029099177,0.00001348828,0.20682274],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966241,0.00020967395,0.00051362196,0.0010916755,0.00096660777,0.00059433124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849546,0.00034729083,0.00040231738,0.00025194744,0.00024148206,0.0002615265],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0040081395,0.00030773564,0.00037537448,0.0054415683,0.0015693661,0.00047075906,0.00078203785,0.00021221349,0.000092212875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011768944,0.0002858759,0.000052365565,0.0036794227,0.005009503,0.0014633522,0.00019923235,0.00083861104,0.000007787114],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003718381,0.0001863699,0.03561831,0.000101656944,0.0000061784503,0.000009556345,0.026120996,0.00004396652,0.000043732027,0.3107127,0.0006918471,0.62642753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019566654,0.00087722327,0.032503877,0.017384384,0.000070684786,0.0000033550862,0.027853549,0.0013443388,0.0002169926,0.07157595,0.8434424,0.0027705762],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022431593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009238743,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84275055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053612376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.019619046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410759973","doi":"10.1002/jdd.13948","title":"Assessment and Management of Cardiac Patients in a Dental Office: A Learning Module for Dental Students","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Dental Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Dental education; Medicine; Medical education; Dentistry; Psychology","score_opus":0.0102541095388711,"score_gpt":0.38510193115210567,"score_spread":0.37484782161323454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410759973","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953258,0.00042488574,0.000095032025,0.000051205425,0.00097110623,0.0004509754,0.0000023687905,0.0000036822355,0.0026749675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972196,0.00045695025,0.0013605152,0.000027818412,0.00005946487,0.000021314378,0.000007584515,0.0000053719036,0.00084138376],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879134,0.00017769232,0.0003585395,0.0001082609,0.00042028568,0.00014385978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940276,0.000066728695,0.00031838985,0.0000424978,0.00011642549,0.00005319045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009937,0.00007175417,0.00017032925,0.00026309068,0.00016531095,0.00006793013,0.00016035269,0.000045358727,0.000014365008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004817075,0.00007395683,0.00007923911,0.00024043406,0.00004288785,0.00026462486,0.000055650493,0.00015015843,9.3675357e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006271455,0.00053575105,0.9679959,0.0001064195,0.00006613942,5.3014537e-7,0.001704627,0.000030137753,0.00008409616,0.00094540074,0.00018217039,0.028286118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091458706,0.00015306595,0.95934314,0.00041405807,0.00006939603,7.2983016e-7,0.036222503,0.000021804899,0.00008424408,0.000116500414,0.002589941,0.00007001465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042155784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018015056,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034517877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043412557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033138148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3015872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410990828","doi":"10.61403/2689-6443.1385","title":"Problem-Based Learning in Speech-Language Pathology Programs: A Scoping Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Speech-Language Pathology; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Physical therapy","score_opus":0.05392582793295811,"score_gpt":0.437203305071007,"score_spread":0.38327747713804894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410990828","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000058712678,0.9683103,0.0001759664,0.0014718381,0.000050522536,0.0022516132,5.129759e-7,0.00028513878,0.02739539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00082115125,0.9895853,0.008104986,0.0002248228,0.000019232864,0.0005056239,0.000070340255,0.000027731256,0.0006408253],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9769482,0.019905057,0.0010571652,0.0008125432,0.0005032561,0.00077376957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942237,0.00434708,0.000837812,0.00045918755,0.000040768173,0.00009145962],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.030124443,0.00041626577,0.0013417397,0.001054336,0.002991552,0.0003512486,0.0014163125,0.00035662268,0.00003558737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0058011045,0.00039836852,0.00020411162,0.0023681028,0.000942465,0.00036014264,0.0003333817,0.0052813864,0.000009843762],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015790605,0.00006054587,0.0013399617,0.019600684,0.0000044967765,0.0000028734812,0.010832634,0.00028154755,3.788749e-8,0.00040363666,0.000009473151,0.96746254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020766225,0.000087363886,0.000011896993,0.41651502,0.00006380029,0.000002552514,0.0060452567,0.00020239656,8.239475e-9,0.00012549432,0.5762914,0.000447191],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0082016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012774652,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9670153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020166622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023218545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411213944","doi":"10.2147/amep.s519244","title":"Implementing Team-Based Learning in Physiotherapy Education: Students’ Perceptions and Preferences Compared to the Traditional Lecture","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Medical Education and Practice","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Team-based learning; Medical education; Perception; Psychology; Physical therapy; Medicine; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.02220450586843023,"score_gpt":0.4619318312438282,"score_spread":0.43972732537539794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411213944","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41514206,0.022501675,0.006790793,0.4053035,0.001890325,0.0018308347,0.000003585648,0.000101706406,0.1464355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98059106,0.0029120597,0.002653071,0.013105794,0.00019220184,0.0001782066,0.000015002699,0.000003363623,0.00034925356],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981716,0.0008993248,0.00018497885,0.0001982558,0.0003641394,0.00018164913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99805295,0.0016526786,0.00007529011,0.0000597748,0.00007296371,0.00008636104],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024476554,0.00007013362,0.00009036082,0.00013087188,0.00062655477,0.00012326779,0.00016914762,0.00005106399,0.0003887286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004191898,0.000057728088,0.000011123413,0.00056142156,0.00012553856,0.00044146186,0.00002384418,0.0003761527,0.0000023635885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060687653,0.0005348513,0.12108694,0.000042141364,0.0000071057616,1.9500455e-7,0.033081975,0.00024541616,0.000010076232,0.013797741,0.0013227926,0.8298101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002772361,0.00002689815,0.059623405,0.00022162058,0.00000762045,0.0000012914849,0.052310284,0.0001432128,0.0000011465514,0.0033634685,0.8839442,0.00007961886],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001137818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0065525714,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8826214,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006683295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022038815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5018396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411657781","doi":"10.51847/ra86ner","title":"10.51847/RA86NeR","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Computer science; Mathematics education; Chemistry; Psychology; Programming language","score_opus":0.010471605116915063,"score_gpt":0.23416751257347404,"score_spread":0.22369590745655898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411657781","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0010161997,0.000066512126,4.0525902e-7,0.0010429248,0.000002724493,0.00012961985,0.0000017244424,0.00014860422,0.99759126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0014412837,0.0000015678334,0.00011234683,0.00017021805,0.0002014748,0.000010767346,0.00000273161,0.000008893449,0.9980507],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991858,0.00013169118,0.00008191729,0.00013745124,0.00019108954,0.00027202602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996658,0.000057750305,0.000014821392,0.000108040265,0.00002750831,0.00012608472],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046594976,0.00006165573,0.00007652845,0.000042829015,0.0003135355,0.000058263668,0.00017778228,0.000052836174,0.99694633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000073375944,0.00005990867,0.000034224206,0.00026866063,0.00004754952,0.00010804329,0.000013968298,0.00007692142,0.98212343],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001935438,0.000012246,0.0000011902728,7.6120534e-7,0.000003050188,0.0000017455616,0.00047784002,0.000028962231,0.000013164873,0.000018397504,0.021141272,0.97828203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000088515415,0.000046378627,0.000029205272,0.0000059380777,0.0000025321083,3.0873525e-7,0.000009032518,0.0000122310785,0.000007007046,0.000010042551,0.9996921,0.00009670308],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00069500983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029763532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97855085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028502058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008657473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24430047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412372693","doi":"10.5430/jct.v14n3p119","title":"Inventive Problem-Solving Skills Effectiveness in RBT Project-Based Learning (PBL)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Curriculum and Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Project-based learning; Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.007582888891566178,"score_gpt":0.3203980966199759,"score_spread":0.31281520772840976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412372693","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96180874,0.0010595041,0.004975519,0.00046485657,0.00031711085,0.00042301096,4.15583e-7,0.000040880175,0.030909961],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99715734,0.00007055373,0.0023501525,0.00007923877,0.000121439065,0.000008552563,7.7704533e-7,0.000009645741,0.00020231196],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.996385,0.002289195,0.00044876683,0.00019059979,0.00032743762,0.00035899787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985586,0.0007543088,0.00040755383,0.000059104168,0.00014624542,0.00007421503],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007820032,0.00014794452,0.0003497404,0.00062781636,0.000760382,0.00018215457,0.00020286204,0.0001181404,0.00000869748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017587265,0.00012511117,0.00011944666,0.00043067694,0.00009947732,0.000514775,0.000050312465,0.0013119167,9.2600936e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006790073,0.00041060447,0.8502518,0.00033905776,0.00007412768,0.00006423017,0.02470623,0.0013278963,0.0006315153,0.020380074,0.00022989807,0.10151666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.022280112,0.0031679438,0.36849147,0.04716715,0.0007725088,0.0001100986,0.1459848,0.009748865,0.002194053,0.03291007,0.36391726,0.003255656],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021962407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028610113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48176032,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019326319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006014909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.584832},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412826727","doi":"10.36315/2025v1end053","title":"PHARMPATH: VIRTUAL IMMERSIVE SIMULATIONS AND IN-PERSON EXPERIENTIAL OPPORTUNITY IN PHARMACY EDUCATION FOR SECONDARY AND POST-SECONDARY STUDENTS FROM UNDERREPRESENTED COMMUNITIES","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education and new developments","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Pharmacy; Experiential learning; Medical education; Computer science; Virtual reality; Pharmacy education; Multimedia; Mathematics education; Psychology; Human–computer interaction; Knowledge management; Pharmacy practice; Medicine; Nursing","score_opus":0.06625120129676146,"score_gpt":0.4087921602451101,"score_spread":0.3425409589483487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412826727","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919837,0.0009881721,0.000051201114,0.001770998,0.0006643096,0.00053670065,0.000020468731,0.000010894291,0.0039735283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99495244,0.0003467139,0.0004009958,0.001427643,0.00005283848,0.00006541253,0.00030075968,0.0000059384506,0.0024472596],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913937,0.00020551779,0.00019549741,0.00018911413,0.00011451014,0.00015596928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994036,0.00025733892,0.00007035583,0.00006146814,0.00007950235,0.00012775419],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027517322,0.000101733036,0.00012122746,0.00030855712,0.00046637026,0.00013137523,0.000104965635,0.000049763294,0.00023194235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012785559,0.00012145111,0.000011270837,0.00020383396,0.00008685392,0.00043722618,0.000059696173,0.00016643552,6.804038e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012333012,0.0003429128,0.36124527,0.000033080658,0.00003753349,2.4653957e-7,0.2680652,0.000001342637,0.00037570568,0.00042511665,0.0014884217,0.36786184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002009964,0.000016953727,0.649595,0.00013836274,0.000014479129,3.8005356e-7,0.3230914,0.000039013034,0.00020043016,0.00090463087,0.023815243,0.00017413705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021972567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006018051,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3676877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011688158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0047805915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9845402},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412870703","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2025.19622","title":"Enseigner la théorie des mécanismes selon une approche par projet : un exemple pratique | Teaching the Theory of Mechanisms through a Project-Based Approach: A Practical Example","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy","score_opus":0.016695561322149464,"score_gpt":0.2684185727800433,"score_spread":0.25172301145789383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412870703","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.087182365,0.003125281,0.10738322,0.2642458,0.00642658,0.013742436,0.00028202572,0.00075345614,0.5168588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92610216,0.000039166884,0.06503038,0.0007935696,0.00021015998,0.0004942389,0.000019453211,0.00005667465,0.007254214],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99710697,0.00056091195,0.0005970393,0.00042655852,0.00063209666,0.0006764516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99670357,0.0011867621,0.00094680925,0.00021200038,0.00081406994,0.00013681925],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006794301,0.0003319329,0.000382799,0.00028240503,0.0014135969,0.00026544833,0.00062517304,0.0005121633,0.000024382398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006915572,0.00027629087,0.00019910796,0.002021403,0.00030580792,0.0005872935,0.000067370864,0.0010393455,0.0000017366605],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001406047,0.0002419213,0.0020694372,0.00087945024,0.00021542869,1.13114766e-7,0.06113061,0.00036613108,0.00098398,0.91796225,0.0125534935,0.0035831055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013738882,0.0002639723,0.007764662,0.0028766978,0.0014610849,0.000017397935,0.14987272,0.009987227,0.016706942,0.3542772,0.45385036,0.0015478799],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0932785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0061799474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83891976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021640535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009508864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412870732","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2025.19698","title":"In-Person Versus Virtual Case-Based Learning for Advanced Course in Engineering Technology Education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Course (navigation); Virtual learning environment; Mathematics education; Computer science; Engineering; Engineering management; Engineering ethics; Medical education; Psychology; Multimedia; Medicine","score_opus":0.006372858129417594,"score_gpt":0.26800601578650673,"score_spread":0.26163315765708917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412870732","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95253664,0.00045596756,0.0002322935,0.033148725,0.0052321954,0.0016491849,0.000007757573,0.00018206389,0.006555146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963314,0.000006731552,0.0014003831,0.00013781298,0.00009394829,0.0002818029,0.0000048148613,0.000017915021,0.0017252137],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900997,0.000015097912,0.00023148165,0.00019837645,0.00016449064,0.00038061364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905455,0.0002074543,0.0002035246,0.000059399124,0.00039276714,0.000082300896],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00095245935,0.00011873621,0.00015546368,0.0009886735,0.00026249458,0.000066296154,0.00022192388,0.00023219606,0.0000091675865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0048310556,0.00014427588,0.000053442276,0.0016727869,0.000020877907,0.0002607122,0.000009426671,0.0003679767,0.0000012319125],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010008466,0.00044694365,0.37790522,0.001148527,0.00015070447,0.0000018948424,0.020857032,0.16168556,0.005462567,0.37344843,0.011371036,0.047421996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006869266,0.0003163311,0.0687676,0.004027772,0.00027348014,0.000008650664,0.077508196,0.06604097,0.008209918,0.0013799514,0.76453257,0.002065288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019492567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05337222,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75316155,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0039894707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041818377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412870767","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2025.19685","title":"Empowering Engineering Students: A Targeted Strategy to Strengthen Mathematical Foundations Through Adaptive Learning Tools","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Université de Sherbrooke","keywords":"Mathematics education; Computer science; Engineering ethics; Management science; Engineering; Engineering management; Knowledge management; Psychology","score_opus":0.01916067239445117,"score_gpt":0.3099897388427025,"score_spread":0.2908290664482513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412870767","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8373742,0.0002901674,0.0034362343,0.01662743,0.00327774,0.0031328779,0.00004460597,0.00077547017,0.13504125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906028,0.000009726231,0.003378719,0.00019319913,0.00015135035,0.00013723005,0.0000065554204,0.000026028796,0.005494401],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983914,0.000029080344,0.00035418844,0.00023770914,0.00050983083,0.00047782282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986168,0.00025016698,0.00023112302,0.00008910598,0.000615435,0.00019736947],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011207439,0.00016903343,0.00020749922,0.00036932147,0.0006559681,0.0004515845,0.00052063545,0.0001736717,0.00008135094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006224295,0.00018349627,0.00009422779,0.0013270644,0.000021806567,0.0005386966,0.000058464917,0.0004179987,0.000017879855],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014678636,0.0002254993,0.07060921,0.00048704346,0.0005694381,3.1789378e-7,0.0740673,0.08001669,0.0026151924,0.75163203,0.011599338,0.008163251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013929586,0.00027021242,0.18476991,0.0040947176,0.00050506525,0.0000027312587,0.0644989,0.02172171,0.0028040276,0.008030769,0.7094877,0.002421333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01184094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059368666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74360126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028379092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016175983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412870780","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2025.19626","title":"Investigating Engineering Student Problem Solving Skill Development","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Development (topology); Computer science; Psychology; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.006188130693469232,"score_gpt":0.2466218352188483,"score_spread":0.24043370452537907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412870780","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89655817,0.00042559704,0.00013087585,0.015907623,0.0032980607,0.0014791657,0.0000056834383,0.0004133897,0.08178147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98589677,0.0000073407477,0.0076560075,0.0003416302,0.00016266425,0.000088933804,0.0000032857558,0.000021519385,0.0058218613],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985188,0.000016369117,0.00035615,0.0002036433,0.00044475775,0.00046024474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987531,0.0001132664,0.00030221403,0.000069654925,0.0005641598,0.00019766163],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016314068,0.00014464415,0.00015853842,0.00041418974,0.00072510634,0.00023537988,0.0004296468,0.00016159071,0.000019118128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002745274,0.00015567183,0.00006314303,0.001033224,0.000022118084,0.000275357,0.000050433737,0.00031694028,0.000005571126],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011197823,0.00009901627,0.70524067,0.0008323185,0.00027641072,9.4013636e-8,0.094106436,0.006331457,0.0038214608,0.16179183,0.019341886,0.008157313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041035676,0.000014816158,0.4860354,0.0022547639,0.000105658495,7.604413e-7,0.009089452,0.001800798,0.005755548,0.0009114993,0.49280322,0.0008177248],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015317646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012913728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47346133,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0042090425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0036764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99961364},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412870781","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2025.19701","title":"Lab to Life: A SWOT-AHP Model for Experiential Learning in Engineering Programs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; SWOT analysis; Analytic hierarchy process; Engineering management; Computer science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Operations research; Mathematics education; Psychology; Business; Marketing","score_opus":0.00924635547278099,"score_gpt":0.2578212148907441,"score_spread":0.24857485941796312,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412870781","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9093982,0.0004050125,0.0061862026,0.052000355,0.0049766526,0.005204299,0.000023233859,0.0006545327,0.021151524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892453,0.000004500835,0.0030476525,0.00031343068,0.00015138957,0.00043269826,0.0000051645256,0.000021851092,0.006778044],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881536,0.000011876832,0.00026175342,0.00020525996,0.00025051762,0.00045526132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907345,0.000076415614,0.00015124037,0.000055997785,0.00043369463,0.00020917782],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011648552,0.00011919857,0.00015783793,0.0005001418,0.00033332966,0.00017324707,0.00030478244,0.00016512621,0.000007404405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0052560694,0.00013629251,0.0000768853,0.0011215111,0.0000118365615,0.00021610234,0.000027628681,0.00025431666,0.000001904187],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003431735,0.0002164987,0.23681274,0.0012335636,0.00018982906,1.0519336e-7,0.14518826,0.356458,0.004241427,0.21174143,0.02651789,0.017365932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009770285,0.00006465943,0.02419119,0.0014394127,0.00009535519,3.172425e-7,0.012038543,0.44603193,0.0011547477,0.0008514793,0.51219726,0.00095805805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016828852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024773022,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4856794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022221047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023788912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9930223},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412870842","doi":"10.24908/pceea.2025.19716","title":"Empathy in Engineering Students – Initial Assessment of Student Perceived Ability","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Empathy; Psychology; Applied psychology; Medical education; Clinical psychology; Mathematics education; Developmental psychology; Social psychology; Medicine","score_opus":0.009269957008000264,"score_gpt":0.3286490057114563,"score_spread":0.319379048703456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412870842","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874429,0.000038369588,0.000013811265,0.0018657814,0.00093977014,0.00048172643,0.0000063698803,0.00003330429,0.009177965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988415,0.000011299763,0.00042918936,0.000085046595,0.00007038563,0.000062538486,0.0000024016454,0.000009845309,0.0004877952],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863476,0.00003066198,0.00035855427,0.00016669373,0.0005182222,0.00029108694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989913,0.00012042324,0.0002457169,0.000077056226,0.00046227156,0.00010320965],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018682114,0.00010561526,0.00019050537,0.00044421267,0.0001663536,0.00009019068,0.00046216376,0.00013867134,0.000025016649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015717063,0.00011512992,0.00007306025,0.00089519995,0.000023425684,0.00019249467,0.000042540047,0.00027715848,7.392094e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010726925,0.000087492655,0.9770474,0.0001585003,0.000038260205,3.2642237e-8,0.010745932,0.0013080996,0.00074976776,0.009169365,0.00036383673,0.00033023796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001749958,0.000008371591,0.9935047,0.00024089613,0.000020723159,4.8889085e-8,0.002853634,0.0004672263,0.00014117155,0.00009194629,0.0023970122,0.00009929848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034458753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024074383,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016457275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003972174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021591946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413152403","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7049745/v1","title":"Snowballing Oral Pathology: An Innovative Approach to Dental Education Short Title: Snowballing Oral Pathology","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation; Royal University Hospital Foundation","keywords":"Medicine; Oral and maxillofacial pathology; Pathology; Dentistry","score_opus":0.13124864223869864,"score_gpt":0.487378474856686,"score_spread":0.35612983261798736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413152403","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15854397,0.0013049537,0.010828117,0.0015239833,0.0022885164,0.0037601285,0.00017244524,0.000449412,0.8211285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96925235,0.00027152715,0.018394757,0.00031756854,0.0010553347,0.00058384135,0.0007722083,0.000046643458,0.009305793],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945847,0.002507244,0.00034175388,0.00087065005,0.0008500507,0.00084565143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979158,0.00021036374,0.00007658401,0.0004596488,0.0011099473,0.00022767486],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006431012,0.00023604503,0.0003618787,0.00084442145,0.00080401596,0.0002755625,0.00086437643,0.00065014453,0.0003340986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010975419,0.00024697697,0.00008576252,0.0016365236,0.0003234007,0.00015834894,0.0007666543,0.0021544707,0.00019769209],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022385373,0.001627698,0.04304942,0.0015214151,0.00016105096,0.00015177729,0.09456731,0.0014832587,0.00057466887,0.13511635,0.019928278,0.7015949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009850266,0.001321984,0.017263232,0.003493501,0.0001350165,0.000042570897,0.1283928,0.005124535,0.0007749289,0.035022713,0.80391693,0.0035267405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019107212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008426296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81182265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005673817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0042668134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999983},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413257504","doi":"10.3899/jrheum.2025-0240","title":"GRAPPA 2024: Innovations in Education Workshop","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Rheumatology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Structuring; Medicine; Medical education; Diversity (politics); Computer science; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Sociology","score_opus":0.017458658258587566,"score_gpt":0.3421947299819731,"score_spread":0.32473607172338553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413257504","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9107838,0.0020168526,0.001704753,0.04644778,0.0017898676,0.00011613136,1.7294268e-7,0.000009362456,0.037131254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963437,0.0011087077,0.00025063223,0.00037384493,0.000010649196,0.0000021421843,2.4632232e-7,0.00000193747,0.0019081419],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897957,0.000481942,0.0002883583,0.00003511458,0.00008996487,0.00012507377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990115,0.00055879616,0.00019773695,0.00006662396,0.00014832732,0.000017004628],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002029638,0.00003641727,0.000115974086,0.0003234678,0.000210061,0.000016183512,0.00024185117,0.000059940186,0.00010649777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008245411,0.000026445441,0.000024416144,0.0010237986,0.00012244128,0.000104192855,0.000017783947,0.00030857144,0.000006522337],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066829445,0.00010276154,0.41850534,0.000019703992,0.000036611553,8.7663e-7,0.023142895,0.00016034112,0.00004482267,0.43215442,0.044697825,0.08106756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010507321,0.000074337826,0.031267796,0.00094632455,0.00006398764,0.00019997414,0.09412575,0.000073281124,0.000039885865,0.24202955,0.6299087,0.00021967382],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001545087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002812118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58521086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054020173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012282114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23357196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413391090","doi":"10.18260/1-2--56139","title":"Connecting the Dots - Exploring the Benefits of Cross-Disciplinary Learning in First-Year Programming Courses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cross disciplinary; Computer science; Discipline; Mathematics education; Multimedia; Psychology; Sociology; Data science","score_opus":0.06494800946349569,"score_gpt":0.3629402226412538,"score_spread":0.29799221317775815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413391090","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.948991,0.0007344144,0.00014904929,0.0044909087,0.00027873687,0.00041835153,4.709471e-7,0.00012803983,0.04480901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980133,0.00013900702,0.00035295772,0.000043492902,0.00009366364,0.00006942935,8.601463e-7,0.000008716709,0.0012785255],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99854594,0.00032478294,0.00027230592,0.0002022716,0.00026194862,0.0003927311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980106,0.0015913477,0.000119852026,0.00015579734,0.00009508528,0.000027361724],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031492917,0.00009950511,0.00014336412,0.000098570716,0.002222548,0.00021473112,0.0004208913,0.00005671984,0.000071686816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012176962,0.00006168657,0.000067203735,0.0008873688,0.00024953508,0.00032200382,0.00018611114,0.00042996116,0.000005932574],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046341196,0.000051691128,0.6203197,0.000097107026,0.000031621945,0.0000021464866,0.09496199,0.033893146,0.000027184258,0.12626739,0.000044537977,0.1242571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014465593,0.00022203005,0.23797071,0.0021089828,0.00006746262,0.000002349501,0.5969955,0.0021715788,0.0013752445,0.004750878,0.15226033,0.0006284016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030018147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009666978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5020335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055206438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016849652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413483819","doi":"10.5539/elt.v18n9p30","title":"Perceptions of Jordanian Secondary Students on the Use of Problem-Based Learning Strategy in English Classes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Mathematics education; Perception; Teaching method; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.02181136285268167,"score_gpt":0.3242247373580682,"score_spread":0.3024133745053866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413483819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9219712,0.00008727237,0.0001538791,0.00012444195,0.00011957845,0.00036593535,0.000008353736,0.00012014174,0.07704918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99748737,0.000010722668,0.00078167266,0.00017086841,0.00010633141,0.000024736204,0.000012664007,0.000014182266,0.0013914538],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968502,0.0018377809,0.0003676783,0.00023096784,0.00040839115,0.0003049934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979773,0.0014729861,0.00018682903,0.00021785048,0.000103736515,0.000041261377],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029036936,0.00013657977,0.00023429195,0.0002984167,0.00045549253,0.00014543717,0.0004376322,0.00011261515,0.00025763776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0046578627,0.00011487188,0.0000923664,0.00046588387,0.00015196163,0.00031181186,0.00006691724,0.0012478558,0.0000015159213],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049158094,0.00035433046,0.20561953,0.00014382286,0.00005050181,0.000009274621,0.72498506,0.018466376,0.0011418812,0.018878767,0.00044345018,0.029857855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015785827,0.00033877481,0.031903677,0.0015858593,0.000065289125,1.3132944e-7,0.908737,0.00066860224,0.0007698011,0.00027066725,0.053622708,0.00045888734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005899464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003056854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18375196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010265693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003656277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8918264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413869054","doi":"10.33578/jpfkip.v14i4.p569-583","title":"Innovate Integration of guided inquiry learning (GIL) and project-based learning (PjBL) to enhance students’ science literacy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Primary Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Assumption University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Inquiry-based learning; Project-based learning; Literacy; Scientific literacy; Science learning; Science education; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.028374279382701022,"score_gpt":0.4167937423516161,"score_spread":0.38841946296891505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413869054","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96862787,0.00046744183,0.009370386,0.00090483984,0.00045396443,0.00087563106,0.0000033537824,0.00019781874,0.01909868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99057794,0.00018420113,0.0058875536,0.00084913935,0.00015235158,0.000044293625,0.000023099274,0.000025332316,0.0022560973],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99551445,0.00080408447,0.00082511466,0.00077496504,0.0013036664,0.000777701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979255,0.0003885338,0.0004992313,0.00029853513,0.00069219776,0.00019597755],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0067125536,0.00031441133,0.00046290705,0.001413782,0.0019434369,0.00068400573,0.001011628,0.00014489477,0.000033599023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022750893,0.0003150382,0.000093857845,0.003866243,0.00076215516,0.0013483653,0.0004412628,0.0010373201,0.000015819123],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046216004,0.00030021401,0.43904853,0.00047086793,0.00008187685,0.000021142445,0.06438685,0.0007981222,0.20649843,0.005371882,0.0014250405,0.2811349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037443854,0.0022426941,0.41281968,0.0053723357,0.00026013347,0.000020803162,0.018613145,0.002233159,0.1498684,0.0013927501,0.4007626,0.0026699107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013708812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000093802126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39933756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045598258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002102442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414540792","doi":"10.1080/2331186x.2025.2564901","title":"Mapping case-based learning research from 2014 to 2024: a bibliometric and network analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cogent Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thematic analysis; Social network analysis; Bibliometrics; Educational research; Thematic map; Web of science; Network analysis; Data collection; Collaborative network","score_opus":0.06019432922709626,"score_gpt":0.426089269119767,"score_spread":0.36589493989267075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414540792","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94610053,0.0068134437,0.02064175,0.006132491,0.0009675826,0.0006124375,0.000003160776,0.0000833057,0.018645305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909324,0.00018645887,0.0026377952,0.0003784661,0.00035017685,0.000081761216,0.000029391182,0.0000056915696,0.0053978493],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99794555,0.00090237363,0.0001677807,0.00031996667,0.0003173968,0.00034694496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99836844,0.00097090023,0.00005584063,0.00015015154,0.0003094129,0.0001452663],"candidate_categories":["bibliometrics","sts"],"consensus_categories":["bibliometrics"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035896767,0.00007156718,0.00013682674,0.019175177,0.00133612,0.00028930756,0.00013286406,0.00007837659,0.00050803274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012690596,0.000078879304,0.000049400634,0.098279215,0.000060999864,0.00009308475,0.000054503682,0.00025833404,0.000066055945],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019692674,0.00007788457,0.6377457,0.00002999579,0.00016937233,0.000009393198,0.010137586,0.0043755984,0.00014221059,0.0011708151,0.062076118,0.28404567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017697235,0.00004304589,0.114264615,0.00014199065,0.00017902597,8.3495246e-7,0.018767959,0.00215906,0.000054244916,0.0016402017,0.8623494,0.00022267952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020658309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017473357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80027324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001463551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010594202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415380955","doi":"10.1177/23821205251385013","title":"How Specific Instructional Design Elements Influence the Experience of Case-Based Collaborative Learning in a Mexican Medical School: A Mixed-Methods Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Impact","funders":"","keywords":"CBCL; Context (archaeology); Instructional design; Collaborative learning; Collaborative design; Conceptual model","score_opus":0.018721554666122606,"score_gpt":0.3966078837311489,"score_spread":0.3778863290650263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415380955","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596438,0.0015587728,0.027167536,0.010550202,0.0005526808,0.00039960575,1.2290005e-7,0.000006883361,0.00012040663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9635202,0.0002574639,0.03555219,0.00048014373,0.00006830857,0.000057014553,5.56685e-7,0.0000033411172,0.000060747254],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9952979,0.0022999493,0.0006062404,0.00014731145,0.0014796981,0.00016891018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99831814,0.00047651693,0.0003886133,0.00006159485,0.00044493814,0.0003101811],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009961144,0.00009527555,0.00021057708,0.0002526408,0.00040535766,0.0000928641,0.0003090322,0.00010038636,0.00022288888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009347924,0.000065792956,0.000029653702,0.0010689655,0.00026341333,0.0001603311,0.000049549362,0.00057495025,3.3104936e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054928692,0.0009061194,0.1247732,0.000028152777,0.00007551823,0.00009982374,0.06174193,0.000115072944,0.00002302929,0.0015514207,0.00078863493,0.80984217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024498429,0.00026439852,0.097414866,0.0015349465,0.00003818979,0.00017661937,0.6430788,0.00051713333,0.000374211,0.0004226977,0.2534682,0.00026009255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015350366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018678597,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80958205,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019324073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.016053883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99899673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415986462","doi":"10.21810/sfuer.v14i1.2376","title":"The Implementation of Project-Based Learning in K-12 Education","year":2021,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"SFU Educational Review","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Experiential learning; Constructivist teaching methods; Narrative; Perception; Learning to learn; Active learning (machine learning); Face (sociological concept)","score_opus":0.03374924582782368,"score_gpt":0.43332110201276447,"score_spread":0.3995718561849408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415986462","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008061451,0.786725,0.0000480054,0.154506,0.002385651,0.0031283877,0.000015815602,0.00002611018,0.045103617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.39987856,0.5778239,0.002024674,0.0041669784,0.00097172323,0.0012582182,0.0005341562,0.000050209223,0.013291586],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99526787,0.0022553764,0.0009866696,0.00039457838,0.00068452064,0.00041099303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99686015,0.0011766278,0.00076954643,0.00027426513,0.0008404221,0.00007899068],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003920413,0.00019013055,0.00033886274,0.000124454,0.0007796401,0.000107551095,0.0003210598,0.000082287734,0.0024572494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025659627,0.00016976378,0.0001876795,0.001851672,0.00018782001,0.00025140948,0.00004433428,0.0004262227,0.000059060003],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011684469,0.0005140427,0.044929203,0.0047578383,0.000040405906,5.277365e-7,0.0061664414,0.000026643853,0.00007445409,0.058370084,0.023356901,0.8617518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024400315,0.000058328256,0.015628656,0.0065986766,0.00010093557,0.0000022556426,0.01738598,0.000019004583,0.00013958981,0.001446498,0.9581366,0.00023945849],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035634134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040931813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9347797,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042373766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04697229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99845463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416247122","doi":"10.36834/cmej.81284","title":"Problem-based and related learning approaches in family medicine residency: a scoping review of four countries","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Inclusion (mineral); MEDLINE; Problem-based learning; Alternative medicine; Medical school; Perception; Systematic review","score_opus":0.04422820860420745,"score_gpt":0.34805451899305406,"score_spread":0.3038263103888466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416247122","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0011006431,0.515282,0.00008933009,0.4296787,0.0012479695,0.00047853554,9.930976e-7,0.000008198392,0.052113663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20935969,0.67688644,0.0026246058,0.09175279,0.0013707909,0.00012080379,0.000030950818,0.000055358978,0.01779857],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.99588513,0.0016719046,0.0010025499,0.00024382089,0.0007013016,0.0004952795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99655867,0.0005510305,0.000417437,0.0001025594,0.00033808837,0.0020322325],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009078964,0.00016208952,0.0004645626,0.0006936715,0.00055127224,0.000048537677,0.00027562387,0.00033694567,0.007888354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02770747,0.00015822981,0.000056373767,0.0014904442,0.0010767053,0.00023040926,0.000015741869,0.0014792974,0.0000070207398],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036946858,0.00014037508,0.030347202,0.07325355,0.00011388468,0.00015597118,0.028540855,0.00019457091,0.0000024667916,0.1795918,0.0745678,0.6130546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007982099,0.00012033904,0.0021904733,0.81919706,0.00010875205,0.0000785586,0.0086276075,0.0006462573,9.3001324e-7,0.00708267,0.16091463,0.000234531],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07341993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06938292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7459435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005795457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1843604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99301857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416383207","doi":"10.22329/jtl.v19i5.10442","title":"An Educator’s Guide to Project-Based Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transformative learning; Agency (philosophy); Curriculum; Value (mathematics); Professional learning community; Meaningful learning; Problem-based learning; Professional development","score_opus":0.013518592598482662,"score_gpt":0.38818787972601854,"score_spread":0.3746692871275359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416383207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8813321,0.00087498006,0.024853949,0.008417178,0.0007474702,0.00026215034,3.1641758e-7,0.000185224,0.083326645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9716341,0.000027248318,0.020375175,0.00086779735,0.00047137777,0.0000033964388,0.0000010217419,0.000015821584,0.0066040666],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956345,0.0030444914,0.00040955257,0.00019635716,0.00035694696,0.00035813713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986074,0.00062054046,0.0003166757,0.0000908994,0.00016710164,0.0001973949],"candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01104739,0.00013362587,0.00026344674,0.00061028235,0.002471822,0.0003289554,0.0002854372,0.00010180279,0.000030495305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0054821074,0.000122785,0.00009115519,0.00035431626,0.000062764986,0.0003571715,0.000033078933,0.002513777,0.0000043511727],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023211585,0.00021235984,0.16832943,0.00011005405,0.00010196711,0.000035976034,0.11172768,0.023325955,0.0047477544,0.006449801,0.017740034,0.6669869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037357307,0.000426311,0.001695354,0.0003663972,0.000036837988,0.00000584349,0.030639743,0.0005784579,0.000055166343,0.00005897488,0.9656022,0.00016110603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025020663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009218415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9478622,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013664663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011908275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416619368","doi":"10.1108/dl-11-2017-0007","title":"What Is Problem-Based Learning?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Distance Learning","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Medical knowledge; Higher education; Medical school; Professional development; Discipline","score_opus":0.02225788446888233,"score_gpt":0.3318951791257805,"score_spread":0.30963729465689815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416619368","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1435653,0.005455368,0.021526998,0.041888617,0.0028483649,0.0015669997,0.00000596487,0.0021214853,0.7810209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9640595,0.00048271255,0.0011644253,0.00052351336,0.000306715,0.000042610405,0.000010707875,0.000039486447,0.033370346],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974464,0.00048032365,0.00024390878,0.00049082324,0.0005982655,0.0007402441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855,0.00018468231,0.0004905282,0.00042617053,0.00016120907,0.00018739028],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018834171,0.00020562939,0.00024563295,0.00008105002,0.007327345,0.0022824614,0.0007514119,0.00017131784,0.00089728745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009806029,0.00021826473,0.0001388967,0.00016629188,0.00047510082,0.0016720007,0.00007921303,0.00096024264,0.0003407638],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013861633,0.00010019878,0.621904,0.00016498636,0.00005599258,0.00006292756,0.06322095,0.004913994,0.00033947508,0.034063447,0.0019215366,0.27311388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046027114,0.000072533105,0.0040990636,0.00031243943,0.000015192309,3.828319e-7,0.0070860977,0.0009797593,0.00016344858,0.0011148229,0.9853273,0.00036867897],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010973868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005966261,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98340577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012758783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031903334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99875325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416774881","doi":"10.5539/hes.v15n4p565","title":"Evaluation of a Project-Based Learning Model for Enhancing Computational Science Teaching Skills of Master Teachers in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand","keywords":"Computational thinking; Science education; Semi-structured interview; Teaching method; Computational model; Problem-based learning; Science learning; Faculty development","score_opus":0.09522343055454864,"score_gpt":0.4583234645669235,"score_spread":0.3631000340123749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416774881","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9284896,0.008766335,0.037895862,0.003793683,0.0020969312,0.005829432,0.000016111924,0.0000713844,0.01304062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9754251,0.00003344754,0.019353928,0.00014793406,0.000085711246,0.0005333734,0.0000113113565,0.000016504995,0.004392661],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945253,0.0015162448,0.0011049588,0.00070394634,0.0016365827,0.00051292946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9927785,0.0012463839,0.0011242979,0.00020551031,0.004596308,0.000049025206],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.019631652,0.00027478684,0.0005434076,0.00118465,0.0011633035,0.00009143733,0.0003707808,0.00012902447,0.000017708322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003513722,0.00028589278,0.0001120575,0.002040131,0.0009965164,0.0007062,0.000114846385,0.00043959668,0.0000011763098],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012404624,0.0019272574,0.032584682,0.0017581345,0.00026150182,8.739024e-8,0.24358438,0.60851824,0.0024041599,0.028400216,0.0009988729,0.07943839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041238084,0.0005100032,0.02761754,0.007043485,0.0012062443,2.6632463e-7,0.17878868,0.75975084,0.0022478667,0.0122592645,0.0054673823,0.000984596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006389741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00060621486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15123259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013345232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.028187573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416810693","doi":"10.1111/medu.70128","title":"Transforming research in team‐based learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Affordance; Transformative learning; Context (archaeology); Team-based learning; Exploratory research; Situated; Process (computing); Collaborative learning","score_opus":0.04264629789889577,"score_gpt":0.4673688704638928,"score_spread":0.424722572564997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416810693","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17160633,0.000806503,0.0030538454,0.108464494,0.000916319,0.00056979584,1.284708e-7,0.0001238449,0.71445876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99439776,0.00006161389,0.00024683587,0.0012999013,0.00014146866,0.00007294837,0.00000524837,0.0000036724314,0.00377057],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99794394,0.00084502995,0.00014957263,0.00015031024,0.0006128939,0.0002982305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930406,0.00045508516,0.000016613407,0.00006222449,0.00008560176,0.00007644192],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006740439,0.000040007737,0.00006976242,0.00037385253,0.0004932399,0.00004193161,0.0001822623,0.0001326341,0.0005245608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0045632566,0.00004034537,0.000020893927,0.0012343816,0.00016494225,0.00009824783,0.000010607119,0.0007050035,0.000029573115],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016790405,0.00020755167,0.04139991,0.00006792426,0.0000023263526,0.0000013407173,0.0155498935,0.000036842182,0.000048785827,0.03474975,0.0063512214,0.90156764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023025443,0.000019461602,0.0016709532,0.00044487827,0.000001966164,1.01859996e-7,0.00853372,0.000726168,0.00009660475,0.003080564,0.9851345,0.000060846738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0067391344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022690168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97878325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021751692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008675417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417043074","doi":"10.2196/78214","title":"Trends in the Japanese National Medical Licensing Examination: Cross-Sectional Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Education","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"MEDLINE; Trend analysis; Rote learning; Public health","score_opus":0.031445652185090295,"score_gpt":0.45061515218568254,"score_spread":0.4191695000005923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417043074","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78964925,0.00009601618,0.000020535672,0.02608015,0.0012421083,0.000362385,5.923503e-7,0.000054884084,0.18249409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99159354,0.0000071008467,0.000016882133,0.003324178,0.0008980625,0.0002047249,0.000031783522,0.0000038659086,0.00391987],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955042,0.0011540147,0.00033619555,0.0002450356,0.0025487689,0.00021180086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987687,0.00070647185,0.00006907739,0.000104092534,0.00023057037,0.00012107824],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008846303,0.000080366575,0.00009205273,0.00037509907,0.00058777834,0.00015347851,0.00041035534,0.00022649759,0.0034573467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005426786,0.00006376185,0.000041750824,0.0015174594,0.0002486472,0.0002091353,0.000033647248,0.00051738217,0.000023322722],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020971765,0.002093062,0.60369265,0.000016487833,0.00001720918,0.000005614941,0.09595392,0.000004842346,9.737962e-7,0.027687289,0.010712275,0.25979468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040256683,0.000025837548,0.94688475,0.000043958637,0.0000033255162,0.000003394746,0.01644632,0.0001712896,2.4373767e-7,0.0006665289,0.035283655,0.000068146015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018767159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029085844,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34319207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027203266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004480164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99745363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W599060947","doi":"","title":"PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN A LARGE CLASSROOM SETTING: METHODOLOGY, STUDENT PERCEPTION AND PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EDULEARN proceedings","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Facilitator; Lifelong learning; Mathematics education; Curriculum; Active learning (machine learning); Experiential learning; Process (computing); Small group learning; Perception; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Medical education; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.03751472796791673,"score_gpt":0.32945186792016073,"score_spread":0.291937139952244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W599060947","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9171294,0.00023095135,0.0014657719,0.0016402302,0.00016523818,0.0013849973,0.0000016331885,0.00059909275,0.07738266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9046967,0.00010498943,0.0929432,0.00034082858,0.00019255844,0.00013098777,0.0000052905793,0.000051729592,0.0015336925],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.996576,0.00056397106,0.0005146997,0.00073721155,0.00051799085,0.001090135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988212,0.00028004072,0.0003456563,0.00008985586,0.00023772249,0.00022551537],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008990116,0.0003000951,0.00038944487,0.00045272012,0.0010534164,0.00023200222,0.00036202432,0.00034575677,0.0004555138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010574213,0.0003041161,0.000088854205,0.0007660534,0.0002536932,0.0007043299,0.00016841276,0.0011773208,0.0000477949],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005968834,0.00023671708,0.73069483,0.00017130302,0.000019804778,0.000006925897,0.23868068,0.000016673454,0.0017447302,0.008546904,0.00019575533,0.019625997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005119819,0.0016532352,0.58762926,0.001560806,0.00016554048,0.000024546698,0.2744463,0.0014610395,0.0007172507,0.016791929,0.10822322,0.0022070277],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001272288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005124275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14306553,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023679444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003015115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999411},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W64573121","doi":"","title":"Orienting Student Using a Case-Based Instructional Approach: A Case Study","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of instructional psychology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Likert scale; Enthusiasm; Psychology; Disadvantaged; Medical education; Session (web analytics); Test (biology); Mathematics education; Class (philosophy); Medicine; Social psychology","score_opus":0.09380914404761001,"score_gpt":0.4550149664930939,"score_spread":0.36120582244548394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W64573121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98824626,0.00007090254,0.004898786,0.0005983571,0.0017679594,0.00024425818,0.0000026044106,0.000028122891,0.0041427356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9560698,0.0000036011784,0.042019147,0.000425875,0.0014471839,0.000002667934,8.7509187e-7,0.000010771709,0.000020058209],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"case_report","domain_scores_codex":[0.99712723,0.000755537,0.0007751832,0.00027792781,0.0007064777,0.00035762132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982804,0.0001169759,0.00076491095,0.0001424649,0.0005057223,0.0001895343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022827457,0.00016903429,0.0003156529,0.00056616473,0.0010772623,0.000096401316,0.00023021444,0.00015327174,0.00015086602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013005064,0.00015961612,0.0001788309,0.0006998697,0.00022915931,0.0004218949,0.00001846364,0.00068675954,0.0000025087966],"study_design_candidate":"case_report","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002027897,0.010567418,0.27255806,0.000055518034,0.0012500739,0.16119951,0.06231747,0.029624624,0.0022193077,0.04218955,0.0010846341,0.41490597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009307417,0.0027039268,0.02322783,0.00007223549,0.0002829725,0.828203,0.11711602,0.0007784893,0.000018493647,0.0035972088,0.013995645,0.0006967186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046936245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012281301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6670035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023286621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006039214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.828554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6892847849","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1088257","title":"Problem Based Learning In B. P. Koirala Institute Of Health Sciences","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biomedical sciences; Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Health science; Learning sciences; Medical science; Higher education","score_opus":0.05619061023911643,"score_gpt":0.30417656660038284,"score_spread":0.2479859563612664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6892847849","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12786308,0.0005085631,0.007990728,0.019579565,0.00020014094,0.0023718367,0.000020063328,0.0015006647,0.83996534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99680215,0.00007387857,0.001989488,0.00018600211,0.000041638283,1.169357e-7,0.000081707636,0.00020521299,0.0006197931],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974051,0.0011491865,0.00030027327,0.00027265635,0.00043013226,0.00044266644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926025,0.00003785536,0.00018287542,0.00012596781,0.00028212572,0.00011091632],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039507737,0.000082212515,0.0001468848,0.0003432517,0.003519451,0.00043166193,0.0006903752,0.00004848811,0.0059072296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009167113,0.00008523797,0.000032006195,0.001251975,0.00054371404,0.00057593465,0.0002371506,0.0002776304,0.0010595636],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002264122,0.00023169084,0.0012603533,0.00022330362,0.000013309474,0.0000033103122,0.022444488,0.005567257,0.001558551,0.047805402,0.028959354,0.8919103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030784128,0.00024538956,0.001741382,0.00009981796,0.0000014633404,0.0000016283038,0.0016635604,0.0006913725,0.00006010754,0.0006489257,0.9944249,0.000113615344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029818313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017404369,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96546555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015034046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006319927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99971825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6901834526","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.14524671","title":"Additional file 1 of Ready for SDM: evaluating a train-the-trainer program to facilitate implementation of SDM training in Norway","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Training (meteorology); File management; Key (lock); File format","score_opus":0.29353236409087313,"score_gpt":0.44556102260046393,"score_spread":0.1520286585095908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6901834526","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00035942474,0.000013853889,0.0000036575886,0.00035200873,0.000011331911,0.0007789496,0.9915955,0.000017770855,0.006867483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.025228811,3.2095556e-7,0.009935105,0.0001596767,0.000111270936,0.005516818,0.9573997,0.000013750687,0.0016345339],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987962,0.0002104843,0.00027713107,0.00017067425,0.00029555484,0.00024992393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99703205,0.0023740542,0.00014997367,0.00007777396,0.0003221285,0.00004404051],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041582508,0.00006958049,0.00013310931,0.00005854461,0.00015890218,0.000025173249,0.00012363409,0.00004523583,0.93016684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0073774233,0.00006549007,0.0000706318,0.00042584585,0.000016541522,0.00010308403,0.000024696994,0.000082490515,0.00005950934],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007560513,0.00001692922,0.0000034096831,0.00007873308,0.000008667039,8.120691e-7,0.03631006,0.000052264135,0.00013172408,0.00005354377,0.71452236,0.24881394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002869891,0.00016571106,0.0015002661,0.000916923,0.0000050159206,4.424121e-7,0.030692196,0.00021235457,0.00014824819,0.00027718683,0.96569014,0.00010454702],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001386876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031021943,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9301073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041497064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010300118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88319975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6902062307","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625175","title":"Additional file 1 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Focus (optics); Group (periodic table); Development (topology)","score_opus":0.06212204558873297,"score_gpt":0.28629218937561035,"score_spread":0.22417014378687738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6902062307","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002649535,0.00016707196,0.00007055092,0.00005005618,0.00006682778,0.0004779948,0.943142,0.00025228833,0.055508286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12287902,8.5536715e-7,0.006167601,0.00002341711,0.000149525,0.0016300459,0.8671969,0.000023175377,0.0019294652],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990494,0.00012580199,0.00021896616,0.00015463596,0.00030236182,0.00014878703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906933,0.00068060163,0.00009556681,0.000039829032,0.00009120359,0.000023475839],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002426816,0.000063873194,0.000088682726,0.00018957174,0.00014525418,0.000028196242,0.00006864143,0.00007826836,0.9435114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018507732,0.00006756368,0.00004515134,0.0005711613,0.0000095286905,0.00016866392,0.000017474911,0.00018958848,0.00027475276],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022353976,0.000033339227,0.000025894376,0.0005053435,0.000011623739,0.0000018408475,0.0021433567,0.00037302528,0.00015883268,0.000057374793,0.9464909,0.050176125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000065038585,0.00004590896,0.0011567221,0.005273964,0.00000200971,1.8130254e-7,0.00017307072,0.00036617494,0.0001812714,0.00007269677,0.9925823,0.00008065658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048917624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046871012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94323665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012633672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079922297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35314828},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6902214531","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625184","title":"Additional file 4 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Development (topology); Function (biology); Group (periodic table)","score_opus":0.061415053191457965,"score_gpt":0.2862901495732204,"score_spread":0.22487509638176245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6902214531","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027017793,0.00017145945,0.00007263999,0.000050559353,0.00006799548,0.00048650726,0.9419874,0.000256577,0.056636665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12804028,8.7291266e-7,0.006133811,0.000023555798,0.0001505743,0.0016076938,0.8621112,0.000023297413,0.0019086979],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990494,0.00012565975,0.00021914867,0.00015458242,0.00030240623,0.00014879291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990752,0.00067571894,0.00009559929,0.000039789054,0.00009026409,0.000023475073],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024276983,0.0000638685,0.00008871383,0.00018959769,0.00014531621,0.000028271796,0.00006864908,0.00007826833,0.94115883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018234843,0.000067559165,0.000045151985,0.00057086645,0.000009531168,0.00016882383,0.000017468745,0.00018954229,0.00027198202],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023257951,0.000034106073,0.000026587957,0.00052180863,0.000011880766,0.0000019135275,0.0021950034,0.00037620013,0.0001603138,0.00006051783,0.9445414,0.052047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006575932,0.00004669512,0.0011562414,0.005280157,0.0000020083571,1.8164778e-7,0.00017291887,0.00036842935,0.00018155877,0.000073750845,0.99257153,0.00008075637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049036757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047401348,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94088686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012634929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000796574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34958693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6902261491","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625181","title":"Additional file 3 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Function (biology); Development (topology); Group (periodic table); Characterization (materials science)","score_opus":0.06091970575098005,"score_gpt":0.2858282572064254,"score_spread":0.22490855145544536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6902261491","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00026973747,0.0001697116,0.00007170176,0.000050329138,0.00006818942,0.00048294483,0.9422114,0.00025456893,0.056421425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12533027,8.758379e-7,0.006147502,0.000023608092,0.00015266491,0.0016129545,0.86472255,0.00002338148,0.001986216],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990495,0.00012567679,0.00021906733,0.00015456635,0.0003024259,0.00014877538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907476,0.0006743737,0.00009558277,0.00003976735,0.00009203672,0.000023473862],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024256782,0.00006386389,0.000088692104,0.00018950626,0.00014524125,0.0000282562,0.00006859674,0.000078261466,0.94212097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018502597,0.00006754586,0.000045148357,0.00057094207,0.000009529392,0.00016879823,0.000017461838,0.00018954837,0.00027786236],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022892375,0.000033914504,0.000026391273,0.00052340137,0.000011819994,0.0000018969309,0.0021815368,0.00037977434,0.00016207194,0.00005801571,0.94477475,0.051823564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000065885935,0.000045783123,0.001148018,0.005255635,0.0000019884337,1.7931852e-7,0.00017199789,0.00036630445,0.000185105,0.00007282234,0.99260575,0.0000805613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049492442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047200572,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94184315,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012685552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079968007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35714513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6902311206","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625178.v1","title":"Additional file 2 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Development (topology); Function (biology); Group (periodic table)","score_opus":0.05987232896460565,"score_gpt":0.2856615926653002,"score_spread":0.22578926370069458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6902311206","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00026677328,0.00017216825,0.00006995474,0.000050481915,0.00006816064,0.00048374498,0.9410632,0.00025572683,0.05756977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12087584,8.781422e-7,0.006026277,0.000023408047,0.0001517301,0.0015973016,0.8693663,0.000023131868,0.0019351349],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904966,0.0001257584,0.00021906711,0.00015451724,0.0003022846,0.00014873096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907935,0.0006707445,0.00009570447,0.000039750776,0.00009099599,0.000023472428],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024132279,0.00006385236,0.000088705005,0.00018944444,0.00014526509,0.000028259024,0.00006860223,0.00007826882,0.94246227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018279012,0.00006754102,0.000045142384,0.00057070603,0.000009528556,0.00016878247,0.00001747239,0.0001895437,0.00027174677],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022354583,0.000033516168,0.00002519373,0.0005129199,0.000011689453,0.0000019032315,0.0021573184,0.0003769799,0.00015405822,0.000058740432,0.9447814,0.051863883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006547324,0.00004590121,0.001137249,0.00520573,0.0000020015614,1.8165326e-7,0.0001712005,0.00036354078,0.0001800535,0.00007326555,0.99267495,0.000080455466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004942339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004715549,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9421905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012637384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007955772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34928456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6920574463","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.14524677","title":"Additional file 3 of Ready for SDM: evaluating a train-the-trainer program to facilitate implementation of SDM training in Norway","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Training (meteorology); Coding (social sciences); Data collection; File format; Table (database)","score_opus":0.2892011527200772,"score_gpt":0.4449212279375258,"score_spread":0.15572007521744863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6920574463","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003624139,0.00001393871,0.0000036818076,0.0003506195,0.000011451756,0.0007795916,0.99154615,0.000017762737,0.0069143707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.025703229,3.2812815e-7,0.009892416,0.00016077331,0.0001134374,0.0054540234,0.9569821,0.000013855073,0.0016798449],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879634,0.00021027883,0.00027725732,0.00017059903,0.0002956169,0.0002499051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970505,0.002352767,0.00014999986,0.000077656434,0.0003250224,0.00004403733],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041563352,0.00006957053,0.00013312315,0.000058524733,0.00015888829,0.000025225847,0.000123555,0.000045231915,0.9285026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007375423,0.0000654731,0.00007062722,0.00042568523,0.000016542717,0.0001031647,0.000024678839,0.000082473365,0.00006017122],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007663062,0.000017046394,0.0000034396965,0.00008069314,0.000008723897,8.2812295e-7,0.036581885,0.000052668438,0.00013303792,0.000053597476,0.7094758,0.25358462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002893822,0.00016453705,0.0014826155,0.0009097585,0.0000049418813,4.3572737e-7,0.030374328,0.00021149305,0.00015066219,0.0002764346,0.96603143,0.00010396586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014028863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031235688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9284425,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041664516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010305905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8829603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6920684284","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.14524677.v1","title":"Additional file 3 of Ready for SDM: evaluating a train-the-trainer program to facilitate implementation of SDM training in Norway","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Training (meteorology); Coding (social sciences); Data collection; File format; Table (database)","score_opus":0.2892011527200772,"score_gpt":0.4449212279375258,"score_spread":0.15572007521744863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6920684284","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003624139,0.00001393871,0.0000036818076,0.0003506195,0.000011451756,0.0007795916,0.99154615,0.000017762737,0.0069143707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.025703229,3.2812815e-7,0.009892416,0.00016077331,0.0001134374,0.0054540234,0.9569821,0.000013855073,0.0016798449],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879634,0.00021027883,0.00027725732,0.00017059903,0.0002956169,0.0002499051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970505,0.002352767,0.00014999986,0.000077656434,0.0003250224,0.00004403733],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041563352,0.00006957053,0.00013312315,0.000058524733,0.00015888829,0.000025225847,0.000123555,0.000045231915,0.9285026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007375423,0.0000654731,0.00007062722,0.00042568523,0.000016542717,0.0001031647,0.000024678839,0.000082473365,0.00006017122],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007663062,0.000017046394,0.0000034396965,0.00008069314,0.000008723897,8.2812295e-7,0.036581885,0.000052668438,0.00013303792,0.000053597476,0.7094758,0.25358462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002893822,0.00016453705,0.0014826155,0.0009097585,0.0000049418813,4.3572737e-7,0.030374328,0.00021149305,0.00015066219,0.0002764346,0.96603143,0.00010396586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014028863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031235688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9284425,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041664516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010305905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8829603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6920893944","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625178","title":"Additional file 2 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Development (topology); Function (biology); Group (periodic table)","score_opus":0.05987232896460565,"score_gpt":0.2856615926653002,"score_spread":0.22578926370069458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6920893944","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00026677328,0.00017216825,0.00006995474,0.000050481915,0.00006816064,0.00048374498,0.9410632,0.00025572683,0.05756977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12087584,8.781422e-7,0.006026277,0.000023408047,0.0001517301,0.0015973016,0.8693663,0.000023131868,0.0019351349],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904966,0.0001257584,0.00021906711,0.00015451724,0.0003022846,0.00014873096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907935,0.0006707445,0.00009570447,0.000039750776,0.00009099599,0.000023472428],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024132279,0.00006385236,0.000088705005,0.00018944444,0.00014526509,0.000028259024,0.00006860223,0.00007826882,0.94246227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018279012,0.00006754102,0.000045142384,0.00057070603,0.000009528556,0.00016878247,0.00001747239,0.0001895437,0.00027174677],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022354583,0.000033516168,0.00002519373,0.0005129199,0.000011689453,0.0000019032315,0.0021573184,0.0003769799,0.00015405822,0.000058740432,0.9447814,0.051863883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006547324,0.00004590121,0.001137249,0.00520573,0.0000020015614,1.8165326e-7,0.0001712005,0.00036354078,0.0001800535,0.00007326555,0.99267495,0.000080455466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004942339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004715549,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9421905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012637384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007955772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34928456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6920929868","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625184.v1","title":"Additional file 4 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Development (topology); Function (biology); Group (periodic table)","score_opus":0.061415053191457965,"score_gpt":0.2862901495732204,"score_spread":0.22487509638176245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6920929868","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027017793,0.00017145945,0.00007263999,0.000050559353,0.00006799548,0.00048650726,0.9419874,0.000256577,0.056636665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12804028,8.7291266e-7,0.006133811,0.000023555798,0.0001505743,0.0016076938,0.8621112,0.000023297413,0.0019086979],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990494,0.00012565975,0.00021914867,0.00015458242,0.00030240623,0.00014879291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990752,0.00067571894,0.00009559929,0.000039789054,0.00009026409,0.000023475073],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024276983,0.0000638685,0.00008871383,0.00018959769,0.00014531621,0.000028271796,0.00006864908,0.00007826833,0.94115883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018234843,0.000067559165,0.000045151985,0.00057086645,0.000009531168,0.00016882383,0.000017468745,0.00018954229,0.00027198202],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023257951,0.000034106073,0.000026587957,0.00052180863,0.000011880766,0.0000019135275,0.0021950034,0.00037620013,0.0001603138,0.00006051783,0.9445414,0.052047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006575932,0.00004669512,0.0011562414,0.005280157,0.0000020083571,1.8164778e-7,0.00017291887,0.00036842935,0.00018155877,0.000073750845,0.99257153,0.00008075637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049036757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047401348,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94088686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012634929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000796574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34958693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6939611607","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625187.v1","title":"Additional file 5 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Group (periodic table); Function (biology); Focus (optics); Development (topology)","score_opus":0.06091035646645163,"score_gpt":0.28598953706548796,"score_spread":0.22507918059903634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6939611607","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027313366,0.00017225562,0.0000728341,0.00005114142,0.00006840145,0.0004892731,0.941744,0.00025811332,0.056870844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12719302,8.75526e-7,0.0061522312,0.000023643179,0.00015105307,0.0016125041,0.86291397,0.000023372071,0.0019293586],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904925,0.0001257696,0.00021914144,0.00015460297,0.0003024249,0.00014878908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990753,0.00067483186,0.0000955949,0.000039781688,0.00009102451,0.00002347759],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024289663,0.00006387506,0.000088729634,0.00018958979,0.00014532317,0.000028258844,0.0000686223,0.00007827226,0.9411433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001831081,0.00006756047,0.00004515831,0.00057105743,0.000009531216,0.00016882355,0.000017469663,0.00018956541,0.0002700854],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022805547,0.00003399311,0.000026402977,0.0005201911,0.000011840561,0.0000019069452,0.0021863482,0.0003797509,0.00016101223,0.000060346036,0.9446437,0.051951744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000065747416,0.000046070018,0.0011765546,0.0052864426,0.0000020099892,1.8174602e-7,0.00017308509,0.0003658909,0.00018309845,0.00007337672,0.99254674,0.000080803075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049498936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047577976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9408732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012637797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079750223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34714916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6939774991","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26558096","title":"Additional file 1 of Does your group matter? How group function impacts educational outcomes in problem-based learning: a scoping review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Group (periodic table); Quality (philosophy); Data extraction; Function (biology); Data quality; Critical appraisal","score_opus":0.041433283428213744,"score_gpt":0.36071009650379693,"score_spread":0.3192768130755832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6939774991","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021808764,0.028076842,0.0009464988,0.19776121,0.0035680358,0.027866825,0.21258421,0.00021489323,0.5071727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.40229073,0.0023188351,0.14073662,0.0059552845,0.0028657324,0.014678758,0.26124156,0.00035629858,0.16955617],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984369,0.00036580677,0.0002802616,0.00031757797,0.0003376275,0.0002618023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980912,0.001503148,0.00017342127,0.00009779304,0.000057664536,0.00007677786],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009851758,0.00012543387,0.00024997626,0.00012107411,0.0002255197,0.00032729746,0.00025450817,0.00007318766,0.80890274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000909738,0.000100060795,0.000088954876,0.0005050122,0.00008230805,0.00067646144,0.000057590616,0.00026990482,0.00058020494],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004428899,0.0002794453,0.0125071965,0.0037148194,0.000065528664,0.000008653265,0.0030049956,0.000036930975,0.00008001376,0.00037234515,0.8769714,0.10291433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020830627,0.00011130256,0.0084672775,0.06444841,0.000030862477,0.0000013448298,0.0006817841,0.000047049747,0.0000062133126,0.0003952914,0.9253416,0.00026053842],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005128164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020623452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80832255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010749701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010517617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74575543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6939827796","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26558096.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Does your group matter? How group function impacts educational outcomes in problem-based learning: a scoping review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Group (periodic table); Quality (philosophy); Data extraction; Function (biology); Data quality; Critical appraisal","score_opus":0.041570906069330185,"score_gpt":0.3339390053244864,"score_spread":0.2923680992551562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6939827796","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000197952,0.0035470487,0.000003639363,0.004280421,0.0000984434,0.0008917307,0.985213,0.00013442463,0.00581152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008045865,0.00004691503,0.0005403018,0.0007075621,0.00027147756,0.0026091705,0.98541284,0.000027814833,0.0023380774],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853563,0.00026872667,0.00024347208,0.00027979465,0.0003866118,0.0002857811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99764776,0.0019231301,0.00016818506,0.000091198235,0.00008980824,0.00007989998],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002498522,0.00013757736,0.00021763702,0.00014060449,0.00020253053,0.00014713175,0.00015599537,0.00009131417,0.9822614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003713248,0.00011267545,0.00012874119,0.00055334193,0.000020848298,0.00045356603,0.000033254015,0.0003246824,0.0013454186],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036221174,0.000035715628,0.0004872344,0.005859581,0.00001066915,0.0000020772563,0.00025064393,0.000008882781,0.000002996881,0.00004791288,0.9911184,0.0021722792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000082824554,0.000051355117,0.006765183,0.29432008,0.000009407684,7.8070127e-7,0.00012822708,0.000041619627,0.0000012017874,0.00017510439,0.6982449,0.00017931967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010981448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00056870515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98091596,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011570901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00083087053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99943215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6958072496","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1401881","title":"Using Libguides to offer library service to undergraduate medical students based on the case-oriented problem solving curriculum model","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Service (business); Curriculum; Software; Service model; Medical software; Architecture; Medical school","score_opus":0.11040090664976085,"score_gpt":0.36217669663455754,"score_spread":0.25177578998479666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6958072496","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33261684,0.00043334285,0.0050853803,0.37320605,0.0013100491,0.015052799,0.044601325,0.004136005,0.22355823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.947826,0.000001137247,0.007834003,0.039981235,0.00052852154,0.00036095487,0.0024317096,0.000095615505,0.000940804],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969943,0.00048895826,0.00024473903,0.00037182678,0.0013674176,0.00053271384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983845,0.0003274335,0.00008815177,0.00026969606,0.00023765309,0.00069260714],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008464267,0.00018949511,0.00016736414,0.00012558018,0.0007147277,0.0004043683,0.0009070168,0.0001376402,0.009044249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002828694,0.00014241067,0.00005779491,0.0011216279,0.000011782717,0.00038156635,0.00047724135,0.00031856794,0.0007654344],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057037043,0.00025138346,0.0021159137,0.0001541848,0.000037293375,0.00056097755,0.022087343,0.082180746,0.000013398203,0.0011993819,0.8889582,0.0023841467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096092914,0.0002458664,0.000095241725,0.007428689,0.000035560704,0.000028855304,0.009369321,0.6816308,0.00012727286,0.0009732193,0.29814458,0.0009597002],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011850259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010018636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61520916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013529343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012668306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99186164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6958221549","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.14737208.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of PIGNON: a protein–protein interaction-guided functional enrichment analysis for quantitative proteomics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Quantitative analysis (chemistry); Sampling (signal processing); Proteomics; Quantitative proteomics; Quantitative biology","score_opus":0.10149626763594796,"score_gpt":0.33994810378372803,"score_spread":0.23845183614778007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6958221549","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000061034763,0.000026005493,0.00029113126,0.00023679167,0.000019286823,0.00081624964,0.9891666,0.000040864237,0.009342006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0037848933,2.8717804e-7,0.02273492,0.00007992067,0.00017929847,0.010457233,0.9545303,0.000011289831,0.008221841],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986964,0.0002008087,0.00025424705,0.00027562497,0.00035794813,0.00021500353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971914,0.001492008,0.0002900209,0.00011849089,0.00083832844,0.00006971407],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013149275,0.00010413149,0.00018931793,0.00014062383,0.00037875035,0.000065010914,0.00011510617,0.00009126878,0.9904381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011043937,0.00011120248,0.00022026045,0.00088697724,0.00002116417,0.00022622831,0.000044124386,0.00013823851,0.000405025],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003154786,0.00006149927,0.000003050702,0.00007415059,0.00020476968,0.0000023787077,0.0005156436,0.00017486808,0.00030190428,0.00069821894,0.9975468,0.00038518646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016723765,0.000080189726,0.00025104234,0.00088988995,0.00003262758,6.4500676e-7,0.0012405028,0.0004960552,0.0015213239,0.0005090935,0.99465483,0.0001565636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006531407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003536758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9900331,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011713054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010789407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99728644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6958348912","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625175.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Focus (optics); Group (periodic table); Development (topology)","score_opus":0.06212204558873297,"score_gpt":0.28629218937561035,"score_spread":0.22417014378687738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6958348912","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002649535,0.00016707196,0.00007055092,0.00005005618,0.00006682778,0.0004779948,0.943142,0.00025228833,0.055508286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12287902,8.5536715e-7,0.006167601,0.00002341711,0.000149525,0.0016300459,0.8671969,0.000023175377,0.0019294652],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990494,0.00012580199,0.00021896616,0.00015463596,0.00030236182,0.00014878703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906933,0.00068060163,0.00009556681,0.000039829032,0.00009120359,0.000023475839],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002426816,0.000063873194,0.000088682726,0.00018957174,0.00014525418,0.000028196242,0.00006864143,0.00007826836,0.9435114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018507732,0.00006756368,0.00004515134,0.0005711613,0.0000095286905,0.00016866392,0.000017474911,0.00018958848,0.00027475276],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022353976,0.000033339227,0.000025894376,0.0005053435,0.000011623739,0.0000018408475,0.0021433567,0.00037302528,0.00015883268,0.000057374793,0.9464909,0.050176125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000065038585,0.00004590896,0.0011567221,0.005273964,0.00000200971,1.8130254e-7,0.00017307072,0.00036617494,0.0001812714,0.00007269677,0.9925823,0.00008065658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048917624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046871012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94323665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012633672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079922297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35314828},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W69700606","doi":"","title":"The role of problem-based learning in the enhancement of allied health education.","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Problem-based learning; Premise; TUTOR; Curriculum; Process (computing); Medical education; Psychology; Medicine; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Computer science","score_opus":0.017389524890283205,"score_gpt":0.28114714130161694,"score_spread":0.2637576164113337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W69700606","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23675777,0.016858613,0.000655646,0.03253361,0.00047836723,0.007592341,0.0000023367286,0.000078781515,0.70504254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99785787,0.00014657232,0.00032836833,0.00024664612,0.000020575299,0.0008302498,0.0000014021888,0.0000039426136,0.00056434935],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99794894,0.0011081655,0.00024762153,0.00009587017,0.00029359467,0.00030583056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992043,0.00035202078,0.00023632772,0.000113771624,0.000056406952,0.000037194026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0059745754,0.000049698538,0.00009465883,0.000045618213,0.00035652984,0.000024505982,0.00022116507,0.000026760703,0.000017359414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050202536,0.00003193605,0.000032506396,0.00038315277,0.00011235221,0.00004490181,0.0000067169053,0.00014469541,0.0000012879038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020825364,0.00024213185,0.029986415,0.000044614626,0.0000106159605,5.7772937e-8,0.024843358,0.00031653713,0.00005261558,0.11192538,0.00030619217,0.83225125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003061891,0.00006287684,0.021248886,0.000035801775,0.0000062561685,1.2029147e-7,0.022959372,0.000019392828,0.0021526327,0.007839905,0.945271,0.00009755567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021444429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009935835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9449648,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000666604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00101444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32417703},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6977115587","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.14524671.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Ready for SDM: evaluating a train-the-trainer program to facilitate implementation of SDM training in Norway","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Training (meteorology); File management; Key (lock); File format","score_opus":0.29353236409087313,"score_gpt":0.44556102260046393,"score_spread":0.1520286585095908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6977115587","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00035942474,0.000013853889,0.0000036575886,0.00035200873,0.000011331911,0.0007789496,0.9915955,0.000017770855,0.006867483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.025228811,3.2095556e-7,0.009935105,0.0001596767,0.000111270936,0.005516818,0.9573997,0.000013750687,0.0016345339],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987962,0.0002104843,0.00027713107,0.00017067425,0.00029555484,0.00024992393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99703205,0.0023740542,0.00014997367,0.00007777396,0.0003221285,0.00004404051],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041582508,0.00006958049,0.00013310931,0.00005854461,0.00015890218,0.000025173249,0.00012363409,0.00004523583,0.93016684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0073774233,0.00006549007,0.0000706318,0.00042584585,0.000016541522,0.00010308403,0.000024696994,0.000082490515,0.00005950934],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007560513,0.00001692922,0.0000034096831,0.00007873308,0.000008667039,8.120691e-7,0.03631006,0.000052264135,0.00013172408,0.00005354377,0.71452236,0.24881394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002869891,0.00016571106,0.0015002661,0.000916923,0.0000050159206,4.424121e-7,0.030692196,0.00021235457,0.00014824819,0.00027718683,0.96569014,0.00010454702],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001386876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031021943,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9301073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041497064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010300118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88319975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6977431465","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26625190","title":"Additional file 6 of Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Focus (optics); Group (periodic table); Development (topology)","score_opus":0.06091163859081972,"score_gpt":0.28594827034549575,"score_spread":0.22503663175467603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6977431465","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027161036,0.00017304772,0.0000731135,0.000051257128,0.000068501904,0.00049065135,0.94092363,0.00025843983,0.057689734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12765643,8.767345e-7,0.006168103,0.00002371154,0.00015149947,0.0016191639,0.8624091,0.000023440607,0.0019476796],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904925,0.00012577529,0.00021914644,0.00015460583,0.00030242617,0.00014880486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990752,0.0006749431,0.00009559719,0.000039782277,0.000091045185,0.000023478884],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024290563,0.00006387582,0.000088728615,0.00018958587,0.0001452972,0.000028273082,0.000068628506,0.00007826819,0.94066274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018311659,0.000067563626,0.000045154826,0.00057109044,0.000009531812,0.00016883884,0.000017470484,0.00018958036,0.0002707003],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023003184,0.00003428051,0.000026428066,0.0005220635,0.000011883457,0.0000019128938,0.002200885,0.00037555466,0.0001613307,0.000061105915,0.9444837,0.052097846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006571974,0.000046024903,0.0011669849,0.005278342,0.0000020080388,1.8142157e-7,0.00017319618,0.00036323894,0.00018157372,0.00007370468,0.9925683,0.000080733786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005002915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00048436032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.940392,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012620997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079764053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3479395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6979710539","doi":"","title":"Acceptance of problem-based learning by preclinical students from a public university and its impact on their learning","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Unimas Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Session (web analytics); Population; Public university; Medical school; Project-based learning","score_opus":0.019445103181362333,"score_gpt":0.2848440502743685,"score_spread":0.26539894709300615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6979710539","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752667,0.00031162912,0.00030730138,0.0004093645,0.00012975023,0.00030942383,0.000073067094,0.00012773296,0.02306502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970396,0.00004924519,0.00020058741,0.000058744296,0.000062769184,0.0000037122263,0.000099239,0.000013393811,0.002472668],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965321,0.0014702984,0.00022328904,0.00050587044,0.0008818072,0.00038664657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985417,0.0005507593,0.00035700735,0.00014554145,0.00017826092,0.00022672789],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009135154,0.00020885737,0.0002864337,0.00029970097,0.0040510474,0.000091918366,0.00065270904,0.00012824836,0.00046352984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014812606,0.00023616393,0.00015150194,0.00069939933,0.0004598826,0.0006533794,0.00031492478,0.0009318823,0.000006207957],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018545958,0.0010123084,0.5265804,0.000056197645,0.0005078663,0.00038764297,0.011532077,0.38973016,0.009807642,0.05428567,0.0005479747,0.0036974894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011025456,0.0052757855,0.10646871,0.00055966864,0.0003965173,0.000055388693,0.0705727,0.08160019,0.0015967003,0.0008057432,0.71904653,0.0025966251],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011250899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013811831,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7184985,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008875757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013014912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99724555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6999201002","doi":"","title":"Challenges of introducing PBL in engineering: lecturers' and students' perspectives","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Popularity; Problem-based learning; Facilitation; Adaptation (eye); Qualitative research; Focus group; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.20010758042755927,"score_gpt":0.36182861227908225,"score_spread":0.16172103185152298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6999201002","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99388605,0.0004158702,0.00026280535,0.0019182988,0.000069344635,0.00010275732,0.0000016742954,0.00001935147,0.0033238642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978804,0.000112640126,0.0015426113,0.0000023356147,0.000036970476,6.377916e-8,4.9287826e-7,0.0000036048307,0.0004208594],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926543,0.000079630234,0.00006957275,0.00017326401,0.00024625714,0.0001658691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996185,0.000054480046,0.00006767144,0.000089725625,0.00009175801,0.0000779224],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062025903,0.000064251646,0.0001603702,0.00018163062,0.000050648494,0.000008520803,0.00019218567,0.0000773525,0.0000801261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013548203,0.000082979874,0.000028008299,0.00025736957,0.00015221415,0.00020204233,0.00006203512,0.0001361549,0.0000036019537],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017928824,0.0002697132,0.10362848,0.00019938247,0.00011142222,0.000059256847,0.8461342,0.0020473169,0.0029371646,0.031174297,0.0006914917,0.012568022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025386151,0.00039281274,0.18625776,0.00022443828,0.000053181822,0.000006323979,0.80056095,0.000114312534,0.0003753346,0.00063122297,0.008447429,0.0003976148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0094089685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028559845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.082629286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007309771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007688291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99718744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7000892228","doi":"","title":"Implementing Team-Based Learning in Physiotherapy Education: Students&amp;rsquo; Perceptions and Preferences Compared to the Traditional Lecture","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Preference; Accountability; Perception; Health care; Clinical Practice; Test (biology); Patient satisfaction; Team-based learning","score_opus":0.029268729056152715,"score_gpt":0.3684306219582872,"score_spread":0.3391618929021345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7000892228","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.58705574,0.0067112343,0.35354766,0.024819085,0.0011319051,0.0023598224,0.000043257605,0.0002386222,0.02409265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99674875,0.000016682367,0.00028813322,0.0024022344,0.00029309816,0.00016900965,0.000035905938,0.0000064451556,0.00003973355],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980729,0.00046175392,0.000237468,0.0003074921,0.00057626364,0.00034407832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991345,0.0005019271,0.000054394837,0.00010204818,0.00004991931,0.00015722729],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014879896,0.00012792936,0.0001861479,0.00010053347,0.001048934,0.00020416015,0.00030845287,0.00010177794,0.0006523995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038002958,0.0000959051,0.000039802995,0.00033836908,0.00023096758,0.00011117052,0.00006837596,0.00045860134,0.0000033137374],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060468818,0.00024279495,0.16759461,0.0000698823,0.000034122902,5.459275e-7,0.02368405,0.00020039793,0.0001268188,0.0045380327,0.00030375744,0.8031445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003984981,0.00024717662,0.47519165,0.00016049744,0.00009751262,0.0000024486906,0.020462452,0.039110646,0.000026394802,0.010783865,0.44910198,0.0008303808],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003046118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0073706666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80231416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038967133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035787747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8067658},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7001564503","doi":"","title":"Kent Vrana es nombrado Profesor Honorario de la UPC","year":2015,"lang":"es","type":"other","venue":"Repositorio Académico UPC (Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Physical activity; Persona; Population","score_opus":0.014561171280719471,"score_gpt":0.29273972113832525,"score_spread":0.27817854985760576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7001564503","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10320246,0.004421101,0.0007355329,0.0022993917,0.00218727,0.0019931768,0.00011029707,0.0008408168,0.88420993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5513414,0.0029722971,0.0031179108,0.0007466849,0.0069276704,0.00009555445,0.0000931452,0.0006846016,0.43402076],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98971635,0.0026154334,0.00085391337,0.0020938155,0.0021617378,0.0025587457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944702,0.00071849016,0.0013526761,0.0013357381,0.00048922095,0.00163367],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004589641,0.001279806,0.0014170998,0.0011694806,0.00247647,0.0013620056,0.0031050353,0.003019466,0.0012936953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006425685,0.0014210697,0.000703348,0.0029747118,0.0015046074,0.00094466016,0.00068351324,0.0030180444,0.0006969373],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010061479,0.0023340709,0.04785632,0.0013611497,0.002038383,0.0027156603,0.20083362,0.0005305225,0.01861898,0.098438844,0.5685427,0.05572355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013637067,0.00037568007,0.0032866239,0.00068843854,0.000525379,0.00012804102,0.019675642,0.00046350967,0.00027075747,0.00049885875,0.9709613,0.0017620963],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01578674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009494348,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4501892,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0045638983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007988963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7007981698","doi":"","title":"Aplicación del aprendizaje basado en problemas en estudiantes de medicina de la asignatura medicina interna I de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá","year":2011,"lang":"es","type":"other","venue":"Repositorio Institucional UN - Biblioteca Digital","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Constructive; Face (sociological concept); Medical knowledge","score_opus":0.0076275031898454144,"score_gpt":0.2747919366620251,"score_spread":0.2671644334721797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7007981698","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07965797,0.0033435742,0.0059692943,0.0017282286,0.0018598204,0.0013599753,0.00032638534,0.0007190202,0.90503573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9655009,0.0036579852,0.0038767983,0.00031722305,0.0043254527,0.00009778824,0.00014060657,0.00030903536,0.021774208],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99188507,0.0022853827,0.0009376421,0.0013283095,0.0017979543,0.0017656513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934483,0.003709538,0.000912989,0.0005539541,0.00027837823,0.0010968408],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004305665,0.0010937526,0.0010882361,0.003519826,0.0011070556,0.0013260551,0.0017272374,0.002703381,0.000828459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002178372,0.0010743828,0.00055475533,0.0038495283,0.001747744,0.0011353388,0.0006065489,0.0029717076,0.00014923986],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0029497421,0.0053384253,0.22271122,0.0025441644,0.007049633,0.015138373,0.10009959,0.00073669234,0.012792023,0.3642587,0.16834304,0.09803838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025484583,0.0007957286,0.017164085,0.0041313884,0.00056078617,0.0022865075,0.0028696393,0.00018275002,0.0011014984,0.00500009,0.96165323,0.001705839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043685585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019104531,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8858429,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002620124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0074538384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7019674167","doi":"","title":"Impacts of interdisciplinary project-based learning on high school students' future-readiness: a mixed methods study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; University of Manitoba","funders":"University of Manitoba","keywords":"Work (physics); Filter (signal processing); Population; Limiting; Government (linguistics)","score_opus":0.018431162605291256,"score_gpt":0.35460188933313974,"score_spread":0.3361707267278485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7019674167","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890262,0.00028471844,0.00014979759,0.000498488,0.0014282163,0.0013213176,0.000016395346,0.00018526985,0.0070896237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930136,0.000077035824,0.0020965415,0.000010354546,0.00027405028,0.0000053091608,0.00016424517,0.000054120854,0.004304748],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958266,0.001852919,0.00025818456,0.00060205295,0.001051027,0.000409212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982073,0.00033557933,0.00066055165,0.00032735078,0.0003204815,0.00014875537],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025151686,0.0003588946,0.0007120993,0.0010487674,0.00084447063,0.00010004726,0.000954664,0.0004147951,0.000048981892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023097574,0.0004107026,0.00030435744,0.0011403969,0.00014143926,0.00025378514,0.00026053624,0.0011061049,0.000053846714],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.008711264,0.005503752,0.3378062,0.0072751953,0.0037998732,0.00077516877,0.5212818,0.0010025194,0.0030048827,0.0036244448,0.031080918,0.07613398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009775365,0.0013865512,0.150456,0.0011098076,0.000542664,2.952505e-7,0.8389579,0.000049569247,0.00017265635,0.000105878804,0.005817572,0.00042356795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028645981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4963753,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4677293,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041278743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010112423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7027531440","doi":"","title":"Communication in Problem Based Learning&#13;\\n","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Conversation; Enthusiasm; Point (geometry); Small group learning; Communication skills","score_opus":0.011336627978755816,"score_gpt":0.2335859981596867,"score_spread":0.22224937018093088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7027531440","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38711777,0.00035956295,0.000039355073,0.00010341742,0.0001814963,0.0003399996,0.000010437086,0.000121733145,0.6117262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9245613,0.000043180546,0.0005843119,0.000006806994,0.00006662202,0.0000012058364,0.0004264085,0.00002195792,0.07428819],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984724,0.00026481456,0.00020751664,0.00031763891,0.0004590003,0.00027865957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99870217,0.000091190515,0.0004911711,0.00026735588,0.00034232606,0.000105782405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036106128,0.00017351695,0.00028150663,0.0002629174,0.00078157487,0.00013763079,0.00058673444,0.00036418688,0.00010484816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012506508,0.00024303648,0.00016244687,0.0004776566,0.0002952977,0.00071473554,0.00005130258,0.0004484019,0.000057897865],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003146506,0.0019032732,0.37494335,0.002038733,0.0004043688,0.00039438912,0.40989026,0.0008658387,0.0012981744,0.0051190183,0.012564781,0.18743134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002860168,0.00085774064,0.07084331,0.0041881474,0.00023891918,0.000004748128,0.3514172,0.0007914523,0.00037077384,0.0020147148,0.5643725,0.002040341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007138123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01612131,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5518077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018287619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006435011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99947345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7035847321","doi":"","title":"Amazon.com Announces Second Quarter Sales up 20% to $23.18 Billion - NASDAQ (NASDAQ01) News","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Revenue; Payment; The Internet","score_opus":0.03970907895238852,"score_gpt":0.3207105218640704,"score_spread":0.2810014429116819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7035847321","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000080491365,0.0016517693,0.00024127649,0.0031080265,0.00201844,0.00077258813,0.00015018006,0.00069014943,0.99128705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004861419,0.00018745023,0.0009943972,0.0015632635,0.002024863,0.000051136518,0.0002243537,0.0002170273,0.9942514],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966759,0.00056181283,0.00037928895,0.0007267854,0.00084498606,0.0008112329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985042,0.00014120623,0.00027788198,0.00044870592,0.00015309427,0.0004748621],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012846338,0.0004467459,0.0005627551,0.00055412063,0.00036009072,0.00034925452,0.0007172785,0.0006766573,0.032159824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016060985,0.00036669816,0.00014719476,0.00074524025,0.00019498763,0.00025055176,0.000100165424,0.0004076877,0.005800936],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016222975,0.000023928618,0.00033369684,0.000041258216,0.000042675947,0.000005884907,0.005806052,0.0000022459792,0.00003160754,0.000856745,0.9894786,0.0033611206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026671213,0.00014662619,0.0000131654815,0.0001694766,0.000023126477,0.0000010490272,0.006013951,0.0000042584797,0.000011161634,0.0005829729,0.99216944,0.0005980526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014564011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16157548,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14701147,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016013194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009126575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7036972921","doi":"","title":"Cosmic Tones ~ The Resounding Toll","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Death toll; Toll; Sparrow; Panorama; Ornaments; Cave","score_opus":0.011426660266694871,"score_gpt":0.22739918060675518,"score_spread":0.21597252034006031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7036972921","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000015538622,0.0013009548,4.2889914e-7,0.0007342825,0.0005154479,0.00043916597,0.000027069249,0.00019294521,0.9967742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0012811663,0.00049388764,0.00031988948,0.00040214963,0.0006140916,0.00001610625,0.00003387287,0.00007275539,0.9967661],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982689,0.0003127268,0.00037715092,0.00012380771,0.00050002907,0.0004173582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874073,0.00029716882,0.00051841035,0.00026285645,0.00007697834,0.000103863014],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010945203,0.00020865002,0.00025780723,0.00006509465,0.00038274084,0.000097239135,0.0004608435,0.00034264344,0.45014754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026563831,0.00016693125,0.00012658349,0.000012707492,0.0002858516,2.854408e-7,0.00007242624,0.00032907625,0.012121352],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017842149,0.000011342214,0.000009333681,0.00011530077,0.000028442035,0.0000018084378,0.002214977,0.000021264746,6.900078e-8,0.00074763835,0.9934673,0.0033647106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014750063,0.000026720536,0.0000040944315,0.00016829788,0.000040767733,0.000007431774,0.0011535902,0.0000013523797,0.0000013210338,0.00003130022,0.9982085,0.000209078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02845354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0069403886,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43802616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006522987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000078120254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9886478},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7042216046","doi":"","title":"PBL across the disciplines : Research into best practice","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Best practice; Problem-based learning; Curriculum; Diversity (politics); Higher education","score_opus":0.07157223101800492,"score_gpt":0.4025285858965071,"score_spread":0.33095635487850217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7042216046","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0018156043,0.0012304953,0.00004479889,0.0023643565,0.0006177113,0.00087278883,0.000042419837,0.00021102643,0.9928008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013987156,0.0010051464,0.0003802816,0.00020353927,0.0013818288,0.0000137369925,0.00016217241,0.00010297463,0.9827632],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99483025,0.0007131648,0.00044646618,0.0008695443,0.0017609466,0.0013796358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954358,0.0015441637,0.0006717987,0.00076010916,0.0012092086,0.00037893606],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005866962,0.00046787495,0.00047742378,0.0004039952,0.006164208,0.0003695067,0.0020336967,0.00085427414,0.0014497893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012224778,0.00039493994,0.00031792227,0.0010796606,0.00242185,0.0012751203,0.00087325496,0.0025995856,0.001461413],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040829086,0.00025112048,0.0010633293,0.0001916518,0.0004294744,0.0008795105,0.43196288,0.000021597774,0.000014852258,0.3335218,0.21570395,0.015551523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024176476,0.00018346598,0.000029187877,0.00028516512,0.00013278198,0.0000071739273,0.0828308,0.000003907257,0.0000080124855,0.006835597,0.9089707,0.00047140324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022811923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012708375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6932668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008836262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033880996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7083897645","doi":"","title":"2/22: Sports Update: Lakers down Rockets, Bucks edge Celtics, Nike under microscope, Shiffrin taking a break","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Internet Archive (Internet Archive)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nike; Liberian dollar; Superstar; Basketball; Point (geometry); Hypocrisy","score_opus":0.01377706024474853,"score_gpt":0.274213574215327,"score_spread":0.2604365139705785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7083897645","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00094813306,0.0011880265,0.011043317,0.0005529705,0.0031083587,0.0018073785,0.00057683105,0.0008161615,0.97995883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06915602,0.00076320244,0.0027274317,0.0012780011,0.0016853869,0.00009120458,0.00088937697,0.00088702264,0.92252237],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9924887,0.0012638662,0.0010749529,0.001959143,0.0012280326,0.0019853227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960821,0.000613483,0.0014698298,0.0011072857,0.00008241644,0.00064484036],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010083462,0.0012692866,0.0013301078,0.00123156,0.00022384063,0.00063309446,0.0025936004,0.00065387203,0.029474989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002265599,0.0012804657,0.0007131502,0.0003515331,0.0012909314,0.0002568564,0.0012737557,0.0022119596,0.005410497],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024015462,0.00016461968,0.0029806965,0.00027002546,0.00046858288,0.00018961667,0.014876616,0.000029067158,0.00018469161,0.010566035,0.9674308,0.0025991334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009934986,0.00016459006,0.00060036185,0.0028537915,0.00016115926,0.000029341249,0.0010353305,0.00020491958,0.00015475984,0.0021365583,0.99019945,0.0014662407],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.111230195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1312199,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06820789,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002557742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00087523996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989645},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084028452","doi":"10.1109/yac66630.2025.11150171","title":"An Adaptive Robot Trajectory Planning Method for Measurement of Thin-Walled Workpieces with Variable Curvature","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"Research and Development","keywords":"Trajectory; Kinematics; Robot; Curvature; Smoothness; Industrial robot; Motion planning; Sampling (signal processing); Coordinate system","score_opus":0.0511266237680465,"score_gpt":0.35981554364903784,"score_spread":0.30868891988099134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7084028452","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00047817107,0.0007249156,0.8748266,0.0004975776,0.00013089723,0.0006545828,0.0000031991322,0.00012099705,0.12256303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4257842,0.0000075883463,0.5717245,0.00035334352,0.00008851977,0.000087402645,0.000004008587,0.0000121554785,0.0019383355],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983323,0.00048658877,0.00019299288,0.00027128568,0.00040992245,0.00030687134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887633,0.00044382655,0.000122135,0.00014636386,0.0003460814,0.00006524126],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003910273,0.00012140839,0.00024496485,0.0001143338,0.0004658944,0.0000541821,0.0002622175,0.00013036939,0.00010148565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021512354,0.00009491205,0.000050675244,0.0005149621,0.00007128384,0.00023157518,0.0000147411,0.00019011638,4.8656074e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003951505,0.0006311035,0.0113469185,0.00042918356,0.0013415384,0.000004538668,0.09894003,0.14041328,0.01505653,0.6698367,0.007361114,0.05068756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01535597,0.008336199,0.011392827,0.0065915696,0.0020850496,0.0000027806705,0.27779046,0.079305716,0.042028997,0.101925395,0.4513,0.003885036],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002554894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016539327,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5679113,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009269616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00092485745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3870401},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7093356991","doi":"10.23977/aetp.2025.090519","title":"Construction and Practical Exploration of an AIGC-Assisted Project-Based Teaching Model","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Qilu University of Technology; Shandong Academy of Sciences","keywords":"Process (computing); Curriculum; Engineering education; Design thinking; Engineering design process; Perspective (graphical); Iterative and incremental development","score_opus":0.039964114110311165,"score_gpt":0.45270295495457674,"score_spread":0.4127388408442656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7093356991","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3861021,0.017464295,0.21288192,0.31155884,0.003688223,0.0022829922,0.00003923767,0.00022438579,0.065757975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9042458,0.0025693215,0.09215125,0.0006496242,0.000052446543,0.0001369814,0.000019695239,0.000007692945,0.00016721633],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978717,0.0006093043,0.0005051449,0.0005946286,0.0001247861,0.00029444546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987047,0.00057646254,0.0003327135,0.00021721568,0.00012791833,0.000040988467],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011140946,0.00017765605,0.0003002814,0.0013469412,0.0004967245,0.000024203007,0.0001400282,0.0005971876,0.0000209368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000874305,0.00017922181,0.00002358411,0.0011949005,0.0021858031,0.0012888856,0.00003871699,0.0008718438,8.6801197e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021355234,0.00049320306,0.014402787,0.00008992978,0.000016559117,0.0000010687393,0.0019211078,0.0001408607,0.00033424367,0.7442073,0.00011299931,0.23806636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016718527,0.00052836846,0.0038556608,0.000295604,0.00006850916,0.000047677182,0.011817818,0.007906718,0.00017568548,0.93488336,0.03840648,0.0003422443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059939593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003152923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51814365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005605199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001201331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80536824},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7095562912","doi":"","title":"Practice of Epidemiology Comparison of Self-reported Lifetime Sun Exposure with Two Methods of Cutaneous Microtopography","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Confidence interval; Odds ratio; Sun exposure; Epidemiology; Sunlight; Intraclass correlation; Odds; Ultraviolet radiation","score_opus":0.036653858794398066,"score_gpt":0.42519973173683795,"score_spread":0.38854587294243986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7095562912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5352076,0.004044436,0.0711364,0.0020473443,0.00021621997,0.0017623791,0.000013393403,0.000310911,0.3852613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6327599,0.000032610933,0.36695135,0.000055172437,0.00003165894,0.0000062960235,0.0000046214336,0.0000073765395,0.00015095867],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99514216,0.0031183732,0.00095053704,0.00023723446,0.0002471461,0.0003045292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.992803,0.0049370616,0.0015059648,0.00024040928,0.0004544859,0.00005908697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005516749,0.00012306716,0.00064674276,0.00016251276,0.000112200614,0.000004840844,0.00020628875,0.0001394271,0.00017579627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016366191,0.0000977704,0.00011903423,0.0007117508,0.0004632658,0.00011931927,0.000028267017,0.00019192365,0.0000011547058],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038502796,0.00081307074,0.92843896,0.00014671466,0.00047935126,0.000012386274,0.00937335,0.0013145745,0.01221825,0.035157174,0.0007637169,0.010897441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005738253,0.008234262,0.021415431,0.00053242466,0.0030400704,0.0003116413,0.044590637,0.0019485297,0.21277812,0.014053569,0.68539083,0.0019662608],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.041864634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012921041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9070235,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017360475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026043327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9645157},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096207880","doi":"","title":"A Problem-based learning course for pharmacy students on alcohol and psychoactive substance use disorders.” ibid","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacy; Curriculum; Substance abuse; Drug education; Class (philosophy); Alcohol abuse; Substance abuse prevention; Psychoactive drug","score_opus":0.052591293919398825,"score_gpt":0.40820582401651795,"score_spread":0.35561453009711913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096207880","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.950416,0.00025100936,0.007841566,0.010164489,0.00018747104,0.002905944,0.000009751998,0.0004597394,0.027763981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927332,0.00014719965,0.002765657,0.0014184255,0.000081252394,0.00006929456,0.0000073260935,0.000015426076,0.0027622667],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983731,0.00023898434,0.00016347793,0.00037471132,0.00040584532,0.00044389823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916196,0.00040326006,0.00011477459,0.00009947765,0.00008160855,0.00013892124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000900619,0.0001582626,0.00016038911,0.00007848074,0.00083468243,0.00023498015,0.00019830313,0.000059886304,0.00007893337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012605128,0.0001474146,0.00006420804,0.0002531742,0.00009722461,0.00040720706,0.000007131423,0.00025373578,0.000011428749],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019206366,0.0017345807,0.6049227,0.000053268264,0.00012351364,0.00000715294,0.034184013,0.002025831,0.0012615274,0.022233825,0.00438221,0.32715073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.021773363,0.0034061181,0.14951725,0.00049822713,0.00024428588,9.544437e-7,0.008922879,0.0038253958,0.0014295767,0.013069065,0.79517275,0.0021401206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00075512857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013479836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79079056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055519686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013751847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6419787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097398224","doi":"","title":"Implementation of PBL: piecemeal or all the way?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Higher education; Engineering education; Active learning (machine learning); Process (computing)","score_opus":0.04743285756959411,"score_gpt":0.3896478150083302,"score_spread":0.3422149574387361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097398224","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3833245,0.000031531043,0.0083293915,0.017649928,0.00029797966,0.00053915166,0.0000024073179,0.00013641658,0.58968866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99674046,0.00001585878,0.00042265042,0.0006402129,0.000094636875,0.000005786329,0.0000014983501,0.0000025642669,0.0020763208],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933505,0.00021203714,0.000098083845,0.000060636798,0.00016294382,0.00013125649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996393,0.00018585465,0.000052946485,0.000066438035,0.000032156855,0.000023339748],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012174323,0.000029927643,0.000045485234,0.000016750502,0.00019149437,0.000021204429,0.00012558608,0.000020966956,0.0025122028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007551855,0.00001656069,0.000021074267,0.000105539475,0.000059594364,0.000074979136,0.00001579967,0.000040724986,0.000027442657],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033102082,0.000025550515,0.033526555,0.000018512297,0.00003096866,2.9342658e-7,0.061315335,0.000019253075,0.0010729795,0.47512692,0.010310345,0.41852018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042445448,0.0001760213,0.011621332,0.0000059776053,0.00001882542,2.723915e-7,0.033390928,0.00012634724,0.0030537522,0.0041604675,0.94691575,0.00010588762],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01592092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020959022,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9366054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011826408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000072167524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097563351","doi":"","title":"XXI–XXVI QUARTERLY Review Problem-based learning �","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Session (web analytics); Curriculum; Set (abstract data type); Problem-based learning; Process (computing); Work (physics); Small group learning","score_opus":0.01831469105210551,"score_gpt":0.3122896603938291,"score_spread":0.2939749693417236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097563351","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0042461944,0.011602792,0.02113009,0.036742404,0.00027952748,0.0016826392,0.0000014614159,0.0015327879,0.9227821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94334316,0.0027197537,0.029390858,0.009940608,0.00041443275,0.00015746184,0.000024647914,0.000052950145,0.0139561],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828964,0.00034717278,0.00024676538,0.0002596973,0.00040104095,0.00045565527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994133,0.000088897745,0.00010999233,0.00014266552,0.00009833881,0.00014682276],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017781309,0.0001258295,0.00019373927,0.000067289264,0.00076234667,0.00009260428,0.00023970747,0.0000838735,0.0014657567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013724911,0.00011251133,0.00010489357,0.0004967366,0.00011224964,0.00024043884,0.000009669621,0.00031690957,0.0006000722],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004786637,0.00041607872,0.007875293,0.002612498,0.00007374679,0.00007367082,0.037970267,0.003853622,0.0007955447,0.34639162,0.0087823095,0.5911075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068416254,0.00037833437,0.00013164243,0.0015139871,0.00003315841,0.0000015381507,0.0014295587,0.00002020471,0.00008732738,0.0058564544,0.98947805,0.00038555678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004141997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010742259,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9806958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011373796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006849018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99944705},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097589016","doi":"","title":"Ntyonga-Pono MP. Problem-Based Learning at the Faculty of Medi- cine of the Université de Montréal: A Situated Cognition Perspective. 1 Problem-Based Learning at the Faculty of Medicine of the Université de Montréal: A Situated Cognition Perspective Marie","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Situated; Situated cognition; Situated learning; Cognitive apprenticeship; Cognition; TUTOR; Apprenticeship; Perspective (graphical); Faculty development","score_opus":0.016288674867150514,"score_gpt":0.2543351103202742,"score_spread":0.2380464354531237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097589016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9131234,0.0011039048,0.0017846883,0.054502185,0.00007617448,0.0033790725,0.00031210936,0.00024322054,0.025475213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910882,0.00025991007,0.00019488271,0.00017178952,0.000041950796,0.00003269713,0.000096031574,0.000047405516,0.008067111],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9934393,0.0030689153,0.00070704095,0.0006203926,0.0014353676,0.0007289705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931886,0.0020739585,0.0018182824,0.00045663348,0.0022953073,0.00016721709],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032697879,0.00045402226,0.00067593873,0.0002222607,0.0028854844,0.000017690385,0.0008618609,0.00032808102,0.0011779442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025100398,0.00022227727,0.00044227715,0.0017316028,0.0029013313,0.0002225161,0.0005257099,0.0006941079,0.000009285767],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.007746457,0.00076703617,0.07894087,0.0004122804,0.0015625536,0.000026351205,0.2785812,0.04220315,0.5721994,0.0080309035,0.0047411993,0.0047886167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.029057723,0.0028102412,0.07941866,0.0042668013,0.004314191,0.000039505634,0.44718447,0.009380212,0.39897946,0.0048549273,0.018083809,0.0016100142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07938698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.076849796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17321993,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0032024712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010017491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998122},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097651312","doi":"","title":"SCÉES The Impact of Problem-Based Learning in an Interdisciplinary First-Year Program on Student Learning Behaviour","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quality (philosophy); Odds; Student engagement; Empirical evidence; Higher education; Student achievement","score_opus":0.025379107511558932,"score_gpt":0.4034833439207388,"score_spread":0.3781042364091799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097651312","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98207575,0.000021074911,0.00015561086,0.001547998,0.000040697276,0.00084518304,9.691556e-7,0.00024984108,0.01506288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983509,0.000013440087,0.00064452743,0.000014499336,0.00006888116,0.000120662684,0.0000035944765,0.000023666933,0.00075979606],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99738073,0.0009731916,0.0003338524,0.0003315068,0.00045134305,0.0005293668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988963,0.0004740391,0.00020835025,0.00019907871,0.000102924525,0.00011928944],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024838364,0.0001811007,0.00022443256,0.0002005794,0.00082864123,0.00011751687,0.0004721767,0.00011474935,0.0006680658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019748484,0.00009420957,0.00016014784,0.00046430156,0.00027513283,0.00030622788,0.00014619924,0.00047362567,0.00003364433],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011284187,0.000578675,0.92715454,0.000009419324,0.00001512277,0.0000049296486,0.019005628,0.006587115,0.0002061333,0.00076095155,0.00006576198,0.04549886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021555745,0.008622212,0.94935703,0.00083572854,0.000030058058,9.430544e-7,0.03505364,0.00089113496,0.00040751937,0.0007254549,0.0013478565,0.00057282305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025165149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027066688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.044926036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024239518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031337515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7314852},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100973505","doi":"","title":"PrePrint: Proceeding from E-Learn 2005, Vancouver, 2005. Simulating Face to Face Collaboration for Interactive Learning Systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Brainstorming; Interactive Learning; Collaborative software; Teleconference; Collaborative learning; Face-to-face; Face (sociological concept); Bridge (graph theory); Software","score_opus":0.031208558612001832,"score_gpt":0.32657559444144185,"score_spread":0.29536703582944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100973505","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50157535,0.00024958752,0.3997544,0.0015909795,0.0022558176,0.005978438,0.00003687702,0.0010783207,0.08748021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96300906,0.000021036602,0.0044824593,0.000097983844,0.00046632317,0.00015859184,0.00001822629,0.000028469198,0.03171787],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978795,0.0002555515,0.00035793288,0.0004942433,0.00041895575,0.0005938411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99817103,0.00088165473,0.00026140598,0.00011142715,0.000365155,0.00020935127],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011914679,0.00018144697,0.00025807702,0.00012743704,0.0016122587,0.00024518772,0.00023628562,0.00013174785,0.00024141173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001891201,0.0001875534,0.0000612843,0.00040939855,0.000051214225,0.0008691361,0.000078555815,0.00030901132,0.00016134983],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018601275,0.000065374006,0.013580506,0.000051965486,0.00008259538,0.0000030615392,0.30121306,0.6604312,0.0032394002,0.0010852037,0.016023282,0.0040383693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006978322,0.00012154215,0.00016775119,0.00020687071,0.000020955598,5.758443e-7,0.38048032,0.10615488,0.0012240703,0.00015100664,0.5102746,0.00049960107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004964775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004962939,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5542763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035667067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043964022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7115821650","doi":"","title":"Case Based Learning at an Indian Medical College","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"MacSphere (McMaster University)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitator; Likert scale; Preparedness; Curriculum; Focus group; Intervention (counseling); Qualitative property; Perception","score_opus":0.01622998393012907,"score_gpt":0.2558556429337432,"score_spread":0.23962565900361413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7115821650","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.048301168,0.00005502511,0.00008117149,0.0002613194,0.00050524506,0.0003566343,0.00004387385,0.0002590911,0.9501365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1454037,0.0000379011,0.00019034451,0.0001226862,0.00028928564,0.0000020942869,0.00020679981,0.000049069724,0.85369813],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966282,0.0011570534,0.00021271342,0.00059153815,0.000787346,0.0006231481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985114,0.00025302367,0.00027441428,0.00020779617,0.00014425787,0.00060912187],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007288642,0.00030935163,0.00033337926,0.00033260146,0.0020802114,0.000070470815,0.00059187296,0.00091457734,0.3334036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020627225,0.00031988334,0.00016121365,0.0006559043,0.00018006728,0.00040385048,0.00007323538,0.0007222758,0.00026137804],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008016654,0.00013489417,0.006680354,0.00027813864,0.00013757522,0.041294746,0.030503836,0.00003058571,0.00007544568,0.006300545,0.0016877187,0.9120745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010107692,0.00012567606,0.00007632838,0.00028337623,0.00007198141,0.00004745416,0.028460678,0.000047930647,0.00006464675,0.00003754664,0.96927315,0.0005004502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004460193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12012261,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96758544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006220125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015878689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999253},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7128961136","doi":"10.63056/academia.4.4.2025.1505","title":"A Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Collaborative Projects on Critical Thinking Skills among Architecture Students","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"ACADEMIA International Journal for Social Sciences","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Keyano College","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Curriculum; Architecture; Control (management); Empirical research; Collaborative learning; Active learning (machine learning); Analytical skill; Face (sociological concept)","score_opus":0.016356537981096757,"score_gpt":0.4493011014266625,"score_spread":0.43294456344556576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7128961136","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9659654,0.0003801583,0.0051071923,0.01674383,0.0049168644,0.0013111375,0.0003767629,0.000015664531,0.005183021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980565,0.000075248136,0.00050336233,0.00059755985,0.0004797508,0.000032042364,0.0000035912028,0.000007468632,0.00024448292],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9920591,0.0022944573,0.0009945827,0.00045240662,0.0036413204,0.0005580943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98926085,0.008533632,0.0010942436,0.0000869104,0.0009300176,0.000094336596],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.009155521,0.0002685249,0.0007215757,0.00090520876,0.003319014,0.00045290135,0.0031530845,0.0005483816,0.00009728233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011671293,0.00017715582,0.00060822355,0.0046105934,0.003951989,0.00035993973,0.00033962115,0.0017359369,6.7595266e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007838136,0.00027535248,0.641221,0.00011080494,0.003922907,0.000005061354,0.077999994,0.0030983824,0.00016576443,0.25492918,0.0017847184,0.015703043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006320438,0.0063768774,0.6399118,0.0052560815,0.011951323,0.0000058473097,0.05233816,0.002616254,0.008073254,0.2577736,0.007924041,0.0014523272],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002984127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019046247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032091126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036501995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015757328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7132897926","doi":"","title":"Internal determinants of change readiness: implications for the continuing education of health professionals","year":2006,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Continuing education; Cognition; Value (mathematics); Regression analysis; Interpretation (philosophy); Health care; Continuing professional development; Affect (linguistics); Health professionals; Qualitative property","score_opus":0.09102550091280792,"score_gpt":0.4901424934732651,"score_spread":0.3991169925604572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7132897926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9216461,0.035783656,0.0032225482,0.01140323,0.006498367,0.013155662,0.00018463598,0.000065719825,0.008040036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98192227,0.0008191508,0.0004798085,0.00012495818,0.0005760172,0.0010543404,0.0002288227,0.00003209363,0.014762546],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974805,0.0004787603,0.00096577563,0.0003378989,0.00030916266,0.0004279026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99460834,0.0010390236,0.003179395,0.0003030104,0.0008053292,0.000064927684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026015642,0.00023222399,0.0005832725,0.00019188553,0.00059191714,0.00003417808,0.000535668,0.00023492127,0.00004958996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047113138,0.00018656535,0.00021067793,0.0005173342,0.00016458765,0.00016786544,0.00003324646,0.00023759581,0.0000018941595],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086794666,0.00029475786,0.018113554,0.0015524814,0.00003240505,2.5208044e-8,0.27703762,0.0000040511295,0.0007987287,0.0033603793,0.001191668,0.6975275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008204092,0.0005435427,0.4100264,0.018778518,0.00034123796,0.0000022378822,0.5354609,0.00041769055,0.0041517154,0.0020227684,0.026744718,0.0006898545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02954155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035747597,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69683766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010436533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017931665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97692084},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7132983460","doi":"","title":"The transition to problem-based learning: Nurse educators&apos; experiences in a collaborative BScN program in Ontario","year":2004,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement; Bibliographical Society of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Bachelor; Context (archaeology); Transition (genetics); Nurse education; Identity (music); Nurse educator; Process (computing)","score_opus":0.020439028886092253,"score_gpt":0.3882018200480841,"score_spread":0.36776279116199184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7132983460","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9652463,0.0007869153,0.000038766546,0.0050101196,0.00094573287,0.007102884,0.0000012200971,0.00013316849,0.020734863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802737,0.00009368165,0.001619089,0.00015419073,0.00012902309,0.0066317637,0.00015548393,0.00006654871,0.010876515],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9932509,0.0018983366,0.0009917492,0.0012049614,0.0011695423,0.0014845085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977532,0.00046939106,0.00065544556,0.00030628763,0.0004485981,0.0003671026],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026683838,0.00073753146,0.0007512724,0.00066845317,0.0019543206,0.00080718065,0.0007884335,0.0007131722,0.00046206496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044112277,0.0006645334,0.00019748352,0.0048946934,0.0004714781,0.00040566878,0.000018373348,0.0023832025,0.000061014154],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008662871,0.00071226456,0.0030101382,0.000097920914,0.000021214566,0.000020993104,0.97078675,0.010063718,0.00009107111,0.0006305605,0.000042216103,0.013656841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001262132,0.0016139826,0.003351552,0.0018000752,0.000038562317,5.405076e-7,0.93320405,0.00014647836,0.00046104268,0.0002751329,0.05699041,0.0008560594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.46047682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9576179,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49714103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026225739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.019968398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991834},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7141778747","doi":"","title":"Challenges in the transition towards courses focused on project-based learning","year":2013,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transition (genetics); Subject (documents); Rest (music); Dynamics (music); Experiential learning; E learning; Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.05369446093355079,"score_gpt":0.29976752806805645,"score_spread":0.24607306713450566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7141778747","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3362334,0.0019560643,0.000273525,0.052317593,0.0006187629,0.0018013247,0.000051716255,0.0002676403,0.60647994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974326,0.00051354273,0.00033896804,0.00066680444,0.00038304448,0.000100394835,0.00007917859,0.000026248905,0.00045922142],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9948249,0.0020972816,0.00040192207,0.00068557885,0.0010819193,0.00090842973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997976,0.00078975403,0.00027213924,0.0005201496,0.00022657563,0.00021537396],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015553427,0.00040965335,0.00038139068,0.0006351238,0.0030708176,0.00041204417,0.0010576166,0.000423068,0.00006694196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002740248,0.0003834915,0.00030942765,0.00090865704,0.0011925026,0.0009774423,0.000077092074,0.0012985609,0.00015009746],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000675472,0.002375809,0.0053498517,0.0005274274,0.00032489424,0.0010046648,0.11139406,0.015970081,0.00078258733,0.7910951,0.0076521174,0.06284793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006615184,0.0026996464,0.12492392,0.0026274284,0.0005648689,0.0002940382,0.16931973,0.01097609,0.0006537046,0.002816694,0.675951,0.002557666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011425268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004919178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7882784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012984708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00325456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7162014234","doi":"10.82308/39796","title":"High school science teachers and their views on the problem-based learning approach: barriers to implementation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mandate; Curriculum; Problem-based learning; Value (mathematics); Curriculum development; School teachers","score_opus":0.029895183125471705,"score_gpt":0.33199923849337193,"score_spread":0.30210405536790025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7162014234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74486566,0.0001532563,0.0007472873,0.0039471714,0.00037340118,0.0054482617,0.000007828166,0.00034711792,0.24411002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9755096,0.000046097222,0.0044116294,0.0018969048,0.00019154478,0.0009343291,0.00017469487,0.000051819432,0.016783383],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99693775,0.0006980538,0.0003346436,0.0006666266,0.0007216475,0.00064126326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984947,0.000237165,0.00029018475,0.00022891772,0.00020890636,0.00054012897],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004665931,0.00031970767,0.0002652562,0.00037499663,0.00354812,0.0008108682,0.0006125555,0.00018707085,0.0023013153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089524494,0.00020428366,0.00007629693,0.0009821428,0.00027190257,0.0003722033,0.000034371184,0.00078196306,0.00010678322],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014808033,0.00008495199,0.005680008,0.00023845471,0.0001120594,9.325174e-7,0.49320546,0.0031387848,0.010285494,0.09921017,0.016053628,0.37184197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007367175,0.0005628307,0.0036468864,0.00032340595,0.000066736065,3.3981752e-7,0.7741184,0.0004845819,0.006598809,0.001610978,0.2105608,0.0012895096],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0092252735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025433972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37055245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027700845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023043787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99861073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W854350260","doi":"10.21427/fgmn-dg65","title":"Reflection on Integrative Project-Based Learning in Business and Information Technology Programs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin)","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Project-based learning; Knowledge management; Project management 2.0; Soft skills; Curriculum; Project management; Engineering management; Project charter; Project management triangle; Engineering; Systems engineering; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.026150579421663985,"score_gpt":0.26961143443075475,"score_spread":0.24346085500909076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W854350260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9384051,0.00006607441,0.004665734,0.028359588,0.0001907818,0.001653723,0.000010917176,0.0024922325,0.024155831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99744827,0.00007047926,0.0016316385,0.0001920656,0.00001442211,0.00003765992,0.00006216927,0.000007892518,0.00053541636],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99786854,0.0006160053,0.00022975879,0.00039791543,0.00041532848,0.00047244245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917847,0.00016571606,0.0002249561,0.00016773221,0.00020640627,0.00005670439],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013660714,0.00019093776,0.00024234455,0.0020981077,0.0017336706,0.00011400568,0.0004920074,0.0004018327,0.00009488915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001211132,0.00018968445,0.00005056283,0.0068365266,0.0006615242,0.0010423099,0.00027793215,0.0015830912,0.000015958198],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008511909,0.00057337014,0.019115958,0.000040648316,0.000026902544,0.00011010637,0.0058338954,0.0019473318,0.00025294666,0.68702865,0.0003587833,0.2838602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018953792,0.0012163519,0.0010385693,0.00007119905,0.000016383981,0.000007916661,0.069177344,0.0030243313,0.000165382,0.0024001899,0.9205346,0.00045235647],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012053328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006910304,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9201758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063446397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004590204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99956596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W869705828","doi":"","title":"FLEXIBLE CLASSROOM TRENDS IN BIOLOGY: PROMOTING ACTIVE LEARNING WITH APPROPRIATE SUPPORTIVE SCAFFOLDING – THE BIOFLEX APPROACH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EDULEARN15 Proceedings","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Active learning (machine learning); Mathematics education; Computer science; Pedagogy; Sociology; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.02324770515923663,"score_gpt":0.26580400125608944,"score_spread":0.2425562960968528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W869705828","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92692786,0.0001301784,0.000088587854,0.0008833316,0.00006377799,0.0004925308,0.0000071335617,0.00014077156,0.07126581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98455364,0.0000365465,0.0007716192,0.000033507666,0.00011996609,0.00001379508,0.0000148154595,0.000026255806,0.01442988],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978367,0.00033684322,0.00023235126,0.00050415285,0.00044149725,0.0006484706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885005,0.00012880261,0.00045037482,0.00010433594,0.00032377246,0.00014265889],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035153492,0.0001496052,0.0002955141,0.000113369446,0.0014120555,0.00022277083,0.0005600963,0.00019077952,0.00018284154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003326385,0.00014244154,0.00008000859,0.0016604814,0.0010335388,0.00047365075,0.0002432007,0.0007290132,0.000011027206],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003899608,0.00021046039,0.56430846,0.00008288845,0.00013123441,0.000010257145,0.25108624,0.00025485034,0.00070209306,0.0012653763,0.0037936075,0.17776455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036400964,0.0012437128,0.065414496,0.00047432838,0.00017142076,0.0000592815,0.79414576,0.0016412323,0.00052741036,0.0025864553,0.1290733,0.0010225103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.063018546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027395794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5430595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004027075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003727628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}