{"meta":{"query_hash":"ec3028c02b28","filters":{"topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods"},"cohort_total":355,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":355,"exported":355,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/ec3028c02b28","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?topic=Solar-Powered+Water+Purification+Methods"},"results":[{"id":"W1757194833","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.043","title":"Transient analysis of a photovoltaic thermal heat input process with thermal storage","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science, Ryerson University; Faculty of Arts, Ryerson University","keywords":"Desalination; Photovoltaic system; Renewable energy; Process engineering; Heat pump; Transient (computer programming); Multiple-effect distillation; Thermal; Solar desalination; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Distillation; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Engineering; Process (computing); Solar energy; Solar thermal collector; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Thermodynamics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.021940878007169335,"score_gpt":0.2601740818968806,"score_spread":0.23823320388971128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1757194833","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9351018,0.00012603699,0.023000682,0.000035630725,0.000066536144,0.00013136471,0.000011291488,0.00015914235,0.041367535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99505603,0.0000043186838,0.0040262616,0.00021971238,0.00007150477,0.00020280911,0.000100367855,0.0000669138,0.00025206222],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99796146,0.00015173106,0.00043857394,0.0004949352,0.00056221546,0.00039110958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863994,0.000067202716,0.00014466744,0.0007310787,0.00019195817,0.00022515882],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039925217,0.00030068285,0.0005701624,0.00040577204,0.00005642677,0.000029066818,0.00039406552,0.00015663286,0.00021483611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001099463,0.000235873,0.00013334761,0.0016867121,0.00013930308,0.00010400649,0.000030291003,0.00013611239,0.000011185254],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00065776176,0.00031552836,0.00070839486,0.00002295418,0.0014508044,0.000010847794,0.00553021,0.73438156,0.24187228,0.008459172,0.00005036203,0.006540117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038990204,0.00038587462,0.010448667,0.000022315118,0.002050148,0.0000078531375,0.0018112981,0.033176094,0.9261002,0.0007413608,0.020197159,0.0011600307],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019707633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004168745,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7012055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007770348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013197435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9618622},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1761219213","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.03.2","title":"Mathematical Modelling of Portable Solar Water Distillation System","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distillation; Process engineering; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Chemistry; Chromatography","score_opus":0.05145179169917378,"score_gpt":0.27863543878713065,"score_spread":0.22718364708795688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1761219213","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13696977,0.0002221294,0.8551961,0.0006546088,0.00041010947,0.000062163854,0.0000025908282,0.000090520116,0.006391995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8529127,0.000015018745,0.14648388,0.000018539877,0.00007209587,0.000013129685,0.000011925569,0.000028499384,0.0004441944],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973155,0.00011110904,0.0017132491,0.00018285008,0.0003764836,0.00030078867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99740416,0.00006523417,0.00075251557,0.00048561784,0.0012324702,0.000060012935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017278607,0.00017114004,0.00052706833,0.0020230238,0.000053197564,0.000021239599,0.00042780637,0.00039653215,0.00003475045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003364808,0.00013433633,0.00007172927,0.0017548576,0.0001170621,0.00030538917,0.00007709573,0.00028109015,0.0000059809386],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036412614,0.00011377604,0.0010352485,0.00003663129,0.000060480543,0.000018752893,0.00013096885,0.7945425,0.010338543,0.19207236,0.00029207903,0.0013222316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015774032,0.00021054343,0.00003282252,0.0003255091,0.00006929592,0.00053254096,0.0019324134,0.14146392,0.50596243,0.3186629,0.02888309,0.00034712921],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00049900357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040566112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7159429,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027790718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015741779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54780763},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1844768869","doi":"10.3968/j.est.1923847920110101.003","title":"Pioneer Solar Water Desalination System: Experimental Testing and Numerical Simulation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy science and technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Condenser (optics); Desalination; Solar desalination; Distilled water; Solar energy; Evaporator; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Environmental engineering; Meteorology; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.04174693439542237,"score_gpt":0.2776526691786524,"score_spread":0.23590573478323001,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1844768869","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93643844,0.00019183411,0.057142176,0.00016306796,0.0002467597,0.00008268868,4.865713e-7,0.0005317089,0.005202864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96735805,0.0000013657601,0.032473184,0.000040011786,0.000023783032,0.000028412767,0.0000014223233,0.000011459725,0.000062290586],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988918,0.00004709914,0.00019690231,0.0003902543,0.00019507093,0.00027888778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994154,0.000048933558,0.000054769032,0.00022406627,0.00019115086,0.00006568423],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005291449,0.00011176725,0.00012401839,0.00041686976,0.00032520064,0.000042165175,0.00018263198,0.00014070388,0.000017229235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002511926,0.00008661099,0.000008529069,0.00065907405,0.0005267555,0.00035290746,0.00013345851,0.00007907891,0.000009866703],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011107071,0.00005543537,0.0051450795,0.000007077606,0.000008115378,0.000008615046,0.0009438205,0.0003769575,0.62585586,0.32029217,0.0000030948506,0.04729264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021217679,0.00010978165,0.0015031188,0.000009835842,0.0000071815484,0.00005844367,0.00056498754,0.059185196,0.93193096,0.00473909,0.0015111557,0.0001680805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029080204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002310454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31555307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006406534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025468484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35318938},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964230403","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2012.07.001","title":"Performance assessment of a solar pond with and without shading effect","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Shading; Environmental science; Solar pond; Solar energy; Convection; Atmospheric sciences; Thermal; Sunlight; Solar gain; Meteorology; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Ecology; Optics; Geography; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.0111908300671165,"score_gpt":0.2642735431357191,"score_spread":0.2530827130686026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964230403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9612748,0.00020889414,0.008983557,0.00007125232,0.00017894155,0.00015506992,6.7980176e-7,0.000052382966,0.029074412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850558,0.00045593368,0.012492161,0.00013311594,0.000026193997,0.000028162505,0.00000765431,0.000017027343,0.0017839372],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991178,0.00012548278,0.00014639743,0.00020348531,0.00019174854,0.0002150881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954385,0.000033135406,0.000075398704,0.00021490775,0.000021665708,0.000111059744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005149308,0.00014534175,0.00018549274,0.00013838243,0.00009325786,0.000020831629,0.00007735109,0.00004293779,0.000078427656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000033066854,0.00011182783,0.000020663354,0.000110038665,0.000061382314,0.00021860936,0.000118446194,0.000054375443,0.0000026999294],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036777355,0.0001924093,0.7229774,0.0012023416,0.0006214977,0.000006643342,0.0010252253,0.00053933286,0.0070879464,0.10476011,0.00048299294,0.16073632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0064373855,0.0009590352,0.57653093,0.00032590854,0.00048486362,0.000036142053,0.00078026584,0.032191396,0.068738855,0.00006689292,0.3125931,0.0008551969],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000092387876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036474082,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3121101,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003110715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005044748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45602065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964663155","doi":"10.1115/ajk2011-17006","title":"Simulation of Hydrogen Production by Using Concentrated Solar Energy Through Thermo-Chemical Water Splitting Process: Part II—Simulation of Zinc Hydrolysis Reaction to Generate Hydrogen","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference: Volume 1, Symposia – Parts A, B, C, and D","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Zinc; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Materials science; Yield (engineering); Particle (ecology); Steam reforming; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.03723239013333211,"score_gpt":0.2518475966284504,"score_spread":0.21461520649511828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964663155","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92568487,0.00031350358,0.07244302,0.000066138666,0.0003681169,0.0005284949,0.000028929931,0.00023919814,0.00032770855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99480724,0.00006585866,0.0041064825,0.000034834735,0.00026482256,0.0000862044,0.00026905973,0.00012671661,0.00023876883],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959283,0.0002633398,0.0015100668,0.0010131435,0.00056054577,0.00072459556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977411,0.000072071074,0.0004762084,0.0007315194,0.0007172197,0.00026187216],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000795995,0.00063206366,0.0008636604,0.00027463288,0.00023039222,0.000059311533,0.0002646843,0.00044631303,0.0002789623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014187707,0.0006012646,0.00017652857,0.00036471392,0.0001429676,0.0008373962,0.000120457975,0.0002566379,0.000015447344],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010534008,0.000117449934,0.00048245196,0.00010184649,0.00018345674,0.000001394774,0.0038188174,0.32736832,0.66658646,0.00038047813,0.000018922985,0.0008350544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003513222,0.00011127754,0.000060606548,0.00008973579,0.00017738629,0.0000063680345,0.0000836345,0.4556158,0.5420281,0.0002052757,0.0008706802,0.0003997682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00075756933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000058093747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12824748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014711464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009297971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99964386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977851743","doi":"10.1504/ijex.2013.052544","title":"Dynamic exergetic performance assessment of an integrated solar pond","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Exergy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Exergy; Solar pond; Environmental science; Solar energy; Exergy efficiency; Environmental engineering; Atmospheric sciences; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Geology; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.012579853297446469,"score_gpt":0.3197006105607619,"score_spread":0.3071207572633154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977851743","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9731408,0.00008884719,0.021308715,0.00043912476,0.0017623181,0.000089673515,0.0000081629305,0.00002358119,0.0031388283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91328865,0.000105449755,0.085665256,0.00010282588,0.00012753223,0.000009766267,0.000030620915,0.000028882368,0.0006410415],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99768466,0.00022200031,0.0009656128,0.0001702782,0.00076428585,0.00019314473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996967,0.0001092433,0.00078790984,0.00027083137,0.0017250369,0.00013993592],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006542383,0.00017443113,0.0003079179,0.00047434735,0.000034729743,0.000089553345,0.00094972306,0.00010141615,0.0019242406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014392305,0.00014555836,0.000144031,0.0001824205,0.00007526828,0.0009503211,0.000060130922,0.0003149418,0.000039536375],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046770074,0.0015999271,0.016564416,0.00006175401,0.0013808034,0.00011736466,0.0014850146,0.04936367,0.43415323,0.010097104,0.0011871656,0.48352185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005145548,0.0016398188,0.4688318,0.00059598003,0.0001467826,0.0011630018,0.0014067192,0.31623113,0.13938254,0.012136128,0.052319083,0.0010014524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028780245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020101359,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4825204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022695628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018491292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99898815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981089233","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.135","title":"Experimental investigation of a solar tower based photocatalytic hydrogen production system","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Ontario Tech University","funders":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Photocatalysis; Tower; Hydrogen; Production (economics); Process engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Engineering physics; Nuclear engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Engineering; Catalysis; Organic chemistry; Civil engineering","score_opus":0.019434892203499123,"score_gpt":0.2693275704513685,"score_spread":0.2498926782478694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981089233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9806547,0.0003065803,0.015270855,0.00036768577,0.0017627357,0.000098235316,0.000006466491,0.000055509132,0.0014772424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993854,0.0000055827063,0.0049138144,0.00016784435,0.00078109896,0.000020654365,0.000040578492,0.000044890563,0.00017155499],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99706024,0.0003901845,0.0010879427,0.0002784887,0.0009869098,0.0001962458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99749976,0.00010496779,0.0011177834,0.00035381425,0.00076838856,0.0001553076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010866437,0.00022011166,0.00035376652,0.00052506843,0.000051638937,0.00003856692,0.0006900085,0.00012271521,0.00013350767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022941697,0.00020582855,0.0002586385,0.00022428828,0.00011161143,0.00039871136,0.00005441751,0.00014633973,0.000014519028],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027782266,0.00016912547,0.0006683421,0.000020980418,0.00039013269,0.000021405362,0.00041904242,0.036564123,0.95198196,0.0064371172,0.0002025152,0.0028474361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008701402,0.00016152025,0.00009265729,0.00012998782,0.000050478593,0.0002813148,0.00013705986,0.015014733,0.9735359,0.0007335589,0.008813534,0.00017913608],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028018627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010092023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02155392,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034406444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016552961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8393445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995933740","doi":"10.1016/j.mechrescom.2005.06.005","title":"Transient heat and mass transfer and long-term stability of a salt-gradient solar pond","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mechanics Research Communications","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Solar pond; Salinity; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Transient (computer programming); Mass transfer; Atmospheric sciences; Work (physics); Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Meteorology; Geology; Solar energy; Physics; Ecology; Oceanography; Biology","score_opus":0.14176029438320673,"score_gpt":0.39350070755480665,"score_spread":0.2517404131715999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995933740","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83774513,0.008750314,0.1364807,0.012273275,0.00007027165,0.0015916226,0.00014810145,0.00014333444,0.0027972572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96613383,0.0044507463,0.029026277,0.000041539133,0.000017701943,0.0001733076,0.000048011323,0.000037904687,0.00007067751],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.995948,0.0020374618,0.00054463354,0.00041367003,0.0005839424,0.00047227624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956656,0.0008678956,0.000030312793,0.00265401,0.000506723,0.0002754507],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0043880814,0.00017637252,0.00029674638,0.00032320447,0.0004645155,0.00008316574,0.0009897053,0.00015375622,0.00016663015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026876118,0.00017585543,0.000073187526,0.00054201094,0.00038540384,0.00022361687,0.0003056407,0.00069904234,0.000012030717],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002591363,0.001279446,0.003009483,0.00032153234,0.00020128205,0.000002569732,0.01713405,0.00009353675,0.6284004,0.2857609,0.00006509303,0.06347257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0059330417,0.0016106266,0.026717346,0.00039285517,0.00025037964,0.0000861326,0.0041351556,0.15173744,0.6544257,0.044097867,0.10897259,0.0016409114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002577828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018651617,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24166305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001251013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000108118424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7171176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996815127","doi":"10.1080/01457632.2010.495614","title":"Deposit Formation in Evaporation of a Pulp Mill Effluent","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat Transfer Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fouling; Paper mill; Black liquor; Countercurrent exchange; Pulp mill; Wastewater; Pulp (tooth); Materials science; Effluent; Pulp and paper industry; Heat exchanger; Waste management; Chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Membrane; Lignin","score_opus":0.012280967917803842,"score_gpt":0.23516504557928944,"score_spread":0.2228840776614856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996815127","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7759127,0.00004758211,0.22309257,0.000048378657,0.00022299112,0.0001509649,0.0000022483764,0.00007525505,0.00044728548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98893315,0.000009892129,0.0109012155,0.000014144511,0.000039943396,0.000047977708,0.000023337596,0.000025281073,0.0000050350754],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915326,0.0000337243,0.0003607911,0.00013578705,0.0001444389,0.00017201492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996412,0.000044295757,0.000005169608,0.00021826915,0.000041221436,0.00004988615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002675057,0.000115803756,0.00014929214,0.000205734,0.000015709273,0.000014710832,0.00009503897,0.00011356529,0.000052218966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033254313,0.00012168212,0.000048596663,0.00024266218,0.000008681445,0.00025478078,0.0000044018516,0.00020570992,0.000009961],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012683248,0.000025140873,0.0005039811,0.00009426614,0.000006467315,0.0000016470227,0.0011108833,0.05638876,0.9356758,0.004096513,0.0000013304317,0.0020825139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044098284,0.000019685676,0.015830068,0.000026356965,0.000009135872,0.000013065353,0.000015755564,0.06822816,0.9145377,0.000075960525,0.00067763,0.00012544771],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026415117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025939697,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21302046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037213642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000071504755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4962053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000483531","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.060","title":"Performance assessment of a magnesium chloride saturated solar pond","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Convection zone; Exergy; Thermal energy storage; Freezing point; Solar energy; Environmental science; Magnesium; Convection; Exergy efficiency; Energy storage; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Metallurgy; Physics; Ecology","score_opus":0.03466160660303787,"score_gpt":0.28946158294947405,"score_spread":0.2547999763464362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000483531","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70591104,0.00071221805,0.043388437,0.00030635422,0.0022734834,0.00020296096,0.000019591254,0.0004912357,0.24669467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9568997,0.00006424538,0.02538998,0.00012303541,0.00023835544,0.00005119845,0.00009066497,0.00006126777,0.01708155],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978132,0.00026493956,0.00054972275,0.00041254962,0.00051268056,0.00044688975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982111,0.00007823876,0.00026296076,0.0008117926,0.0003804834,0.00025545704],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007828159,0.00026557897,0.00039604938,0.00022963744,0.0000759566,0.000044844033,0.00042878784,0.0001939826,0.00025599747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011085977,0.00024731658,0.000088887886,0.00067286805,0.000073673815,0.0003206027,0.00010258467,0.0001256839,0.000023949788],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028640323,0.00028227674,0.009464501,0.00012156794,0.00012977832,0.000020132356,0.00039598593,0.7714757,0.19832735,0.0072204433,0.0030268335,0.009249052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012177064,0.0002294361,0.004646106,0.000028011138,0.000049277754,0.000024284422,0.00015164315,0.063673995,0.7735007,0.001292871,0.15475596,0.00043001457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013514367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003414736,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7078017,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019090813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037851947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003915777","doi":"10.1109/pes.2010.5588078","title":"New air cooler with low power consumption","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Algonquin College","funders":"","keywords":"Energy consumption; Automotive engineering; Photovoltaic system; Power consumption; Power (physics); Computer science; Evaporative cooler; Unit (ring theory); Environmental science; Solar energy; Reliability engineering; Controller (irrigation); Process engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.013013315130393959,"score_gpt":0.2699677717415857,"score_spread":0.25695445661119176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003915777","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71686345,0.00002194472,0.13926591,0.0012390753,0.0010914223,0.00023456888,0.0000027307372,0.00064012955,0.14064078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7465379,0.000001933022,0.22011648,0.0007055705,0.000115340496,0.000011734456,0.000012783092,0.000035882265,0.032462366],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999135,0.000058005095,0.00016568732,0.00025647582,0.00017845901,0.00020636772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910635,0.00006622407,0.000054053682,0.00053275196,0.00008102824,0.00015961971],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019953954,0.00013407748,0.00012073342,0.000068333815,0.000050238126,0.000037846436,0.0001669747,0.00013035719,0.015322781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004344878,0.00009924276,0.000032972413,0.00011751004,0.00005354039,0.00016175724,0.00002110353,0.00023327435,0.0022631353],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043391503,0.00027723736,0.08441485,0.00003970843,0.00021506823,0.000027829601,0.0018620462,0.0006980724,0.43885905,0.34711552,0.060317095,0.06573962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017134061,0.00009451898,0.16857366,0.000015108426,0.000029683504,0.00006336541,0.00006138297,0.00023586384,0.26446873,0.0023925563,0.5618057,0.00054600014],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039685392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004559242,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5014886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013895191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005569471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006322478","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.064","title":"Performance Evaluation of a Liquid Desiccant Solar Air Conditioning System","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Procedia","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"TRNSYS; Desiccant; Environmental science; Solar air conditioning; Solar energy; Meteorology; Nuclear engineering; Air conditioning; Thermosiphon; Passive solar building design; Engineering; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Physics","score_opus":0.039066960964941916,"score_gpt":0.28886402687097046,"score_spread":0.24979706590602854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006322478","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9681235,0.0006540213,0.0069698,0.000026004385,0.0007857611,0.00015616938,0.000005691062,0.00021658387,0.023062488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98848814,0.000014301932,0.010378837,0.000055188862,0.000470335,0.00024188242,0.00007094644,0.000043023847,0.00023736285],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979048,0.0003789915,0.00045700875,0.00023654242,0.0006395456,0.00038311878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862844,0.00007641599,0.00029049136,0.00037867136,0.00049236463,0.0001335899],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022599015,0.00018170934,0.00023943122,0.00013037011,0.00012916609,0.000012263737,0.00020403351,0.00014386734,0.00015289593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023572454,0.00017547571,0.00006681757,0.00031766036,0.000056449735,0.00049177033,0.000039668797,0.00010241066,0.00006166762],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007773641,0.0008190487,0.04704666,0.0013494106,0.0006872062,0.0000036670267,0.013187613,0.09866607,0.2050574,0.5265147,0.0018292196,0.10406162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010544776,0.00016696689,0.02358081,0.00019227526,0.00021873342,0.000046572986,0.00063184666,0.048790075,0.9127991,0.0001410172,0.011922245,0.00045583572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001326536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008344247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70774174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022368031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001588092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7155692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009223810","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.09.003","title":"Performance investigation of a solar pond","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Solar pond; Convection; Thermal; Convective heat transfer; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Work (physics); Heat transfer; Convection zone; Meteorology; Mechanics; Solar energy; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Geography; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.011593158187978004,"score_gpt":0.2054465245413435,"score_spread":0.19385336635336547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009223810","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9833081,0.000042419106,0.0051342878,0.000040430554,0.00006999249,0.00009625188,0.0000010181577,0.00016635656,0.011141182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9493838,0.000004354896,0.05026401,0.00004519986,0.00014714654,0.000033548928,0.000008006325,0.00003555141,0.00007836266],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928004,0.000012802843,0.00024011378,0.00014569201,0.0001352561,0.00018610405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999539,0.000040655697,0.000085843516,0.00025371608,0.000024015495,0.000056738463],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024398821,0.00012243039,0.00013398145,0.00009283653,0.000026917749,0.000010037713,0.00015670873,0.00007511789,0.00013363583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001753734,0.00012597298,0.000030988533,0.00017704658,0.000021850918,0.00012549349,0.000026125914,0.00012351308,0.000087576635],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009368142,0.000006020241,0.00033088608,0.000029249795,0.000017246322,1.4253676e-7,0.0005689932,0.2478317,0.7171309,0.007525147,0.0000047144013,0.02654563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002771971,0.00001088658,0.025506876,0.000010399999,0.000010464906,0.0000021595306,0.000015424586,0.07363975,0.89593637,0.00004958927,0.0043726284,0.00016825722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010826215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.611572e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17880547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003444165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012822191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51370287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018557830","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1310131110","title":"Compact solar autoclave based on steam generation using broadband light-harvesting nanoparticles","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":469,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Sterilization (economics); Autoclave; Process engineering; Materials science; Broadband; Photothermal therapy; Nanotechnology; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Computer science; Telecommunications; Engineering; Business; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.1097973383061583,"score_gpt":0.3395156386831838,"score_spread":0.2297183003770255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018557830","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909426,0.000032197047,0.000030245654,0.0025748087,0.00004011125,0.00025444228,0.0000036693261,0.0000332628,0.006088685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98070693,0.0000012920023,0.0186348,0.00038704023,0.0001315946,0.000010590162,2.643439e-7,0.000009061269,0.00011841858],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99786735,0.00004440435,0.00045673572,0.0002942641,0.0011290066,0.00020825033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987787,0.00018510554,0.00054513523,0.000018500008,0.00041560997,0.000056937875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018496346,0.00013075476,0.00017063715,0.00022116578,0.00035600978,0.000108524364,0.0005889734,0.00009486468,0.00005978674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00093650294,0.00009012497,0.00007241141,0.0007307631,0.00034567353,0.00083055976,0.000044488806,0.00016058821,0.000007545205],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005429249,0.000040791907,0.0037007125,0.000018923574,0.0000076251717,2.05312e-9,0.00014234969,0.019639865,0.9663222,0.009135223,0.00030964916,0.00067721674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014849777,0.000033882578,0.017714674,0.000056219233,0.0000086771515,0.0000020236967,0.00006319661,0.21130274,0.7626726,0.0077463365,0.00016467553,0.000086503635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000972488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.664404e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20364964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007829774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004973456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36751896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018714886","doi":"10.1088/0957-4484/23/19/190201","title":"Nanowires for energy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Nanotechnology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Nanowire; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.01783939233048897,"score_gpt":0.2980942195644379,"score_spread":0.2802548272339489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018714886","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000048134163,0.0029541573,0.026883714,0.00052943267,0.9660989,0.0002824156,0.00022457144,0.0013379251,0.0016407246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007654043,0.00042922015,0.03511248,0.00011487816,0.94215494,0.0013046288,0.0014448621,0.00034372808,0.018329851],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99674994,0.0002146072,0.00068424817,0.0008842178,0.00046325743,0.0010037146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995825,0.0015868691,0.0004644652,0.0015964436,0.00041324698,0.000113988],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000685193,0.00058209687,0.0008703966,0.0006620163,0.00017197263,0.000043154698,0.0013463944,0.007734417,0.0002650591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003177902,0.0005781393,0.00030301133,0.00036988317,0.00025496102,0.00010841575,0.00023719044,0.00096301566,0.00024061282],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005777383,0.000056265668,0.0000020648815,0.000055824094,0.000114739974,0.0000026118398,0.000031595537,0.0000039680126,0.0045964285,0.04871757,0.86960566,0.0767555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062974467,0.0001079458,5.0421977e-7,0.000024623916,0.000104027225,0.0000045243114,0.000010587113,0.000015828968,0.060647298,0.019760214,0.91814643,0.0005482502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006561969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025844763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07620725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002540485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002708904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026767670","doi":"10.1115/ajk2011-03061","title":"Flow Field Investigation in a Water Treatment Reactor Using Computational Fluid Dynamics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference: Volume 1, Symposia – Parts A, B, C, and D","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Australian Research Council; C-M Concrete Products","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Photocatalysis; Fluent; Pressure drop; Pollutant; Mechanics; Inlet; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Drop (telecommunication); Fluid dynamics; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Catalysis; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.04716322292081888,"score_gpt":0.23605061029393554,"score_spread":0.18888738737311667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026767670","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8531288,0.000256184,0.14153488,0.00059019186,0.0010617935,0.0006855882,0.00004265455,0.0004002298,0.0022996522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.932781,0.00008463086,0.06559367,0.00013894941,0.0001759218,0.00012635023,0.0003276407,0.00009711356,0.00067477004],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969777,0.00020653344,0.00093051826,0.0007867137,0.00035902316,0.0007395224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859315,0.00011693463,0.00012603833,0.0005838747,0.00021742536,0.0003625911],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005103591,0.00061924884,0.0006523931,0.00047125603,0.0001450428,0.00017687226,0.0002432284,0.00039036185,0.00091775693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005856789,0.000556888,0.00014339846,0.00017760249,0.000119237164,0.0006300619,0.00010422867,0.00031490764,0.00013325401],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006495187,0.0012687148,0.08386324,0.00077437714,0.0012488513,0.0002998694,0.053896427,0.15349492,0.48943514,0.18950805,0.0016078802,0.023953002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013219069,0.0003631017,0.010314461,0.0001434457,0.000116438954,0.00006525801,0.00018927295,0.9430472,0.03930378,0.0021683013,0.0021065972,0.000860224],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024020087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016415768,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7895523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037152393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016126643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027167441","doi":"10.1016/s0038-092x(02)00034-8","title":"Single- and multi-tank energy storage for solar heating systems: fundamentals","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Storage tank; Electromagnetic coil; Volume (thermodynamics); Solar energy; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.0657270965731041,"score_gpt":0.2780140859129309,"score_spread":0.21228698933982681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027167441","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0337924,0.028629553,0.924547,0.00039260666,0.0029072654,0.0005503782,0.00015374551,0.0010316845,0.007995364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9234613,0.000363854,0.062206138,0.0006484002,0.0006630057,0.0003890349,0.00012543844,0.00022306392,0.011919731],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99670386,0.0005668708,0.00075201335,0.0008424152,0.00035210827,0.0007827349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99806273,0.00039673847,0.00030788739,0.00076416717,0.00016790135,0.00030058448],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006245566,0.00047483362,0.00057216414,0.00026471994,0.0004689077,0.00031151107,0.00036006994,0.00034485696,0.00019722719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022468311,0.00048683357,0.000180163,0.0003067138,0.00012258715,0.00039959722,0.000121188576,0.00016365139,0.000023680808],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016018879,0.001462881,0.0012387553,0.0004833354,0.000952633,0.000087958724,0.0038674846,0.016296415,0.34526756,0.14858688,0.005034295,0.4765616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022345278,0.00029268485,0.00007304777,0.00010477289,0.00009097512,0.000079797486,0.0007321156,0.2188113,0.06473786,0.0010240603,0.7108687,0.00095016387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002691184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024096372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88966894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002315784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021319542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029311367","doi":"10.1021/la061596s","title":"Microgels Loaded with Gold Nanorods:  Photothermally Triggered Volume Transitions under Physiological Conditions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Nanorod; Volume (thermodynamics); Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Biophysics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Biology","score_opus":0.02019861072771583,"score_gpt":0.25557172083122015,"score_spread":0.2353731101035043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029311367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96564585,0.00015690297,0.009202777,0.00166177,0.00012405982,0.00039974033,0.00027904508,0.00065172557,0.021878105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9798364,0.0000024184953,0.0090253465,0.00078759115,0.00023379679,0.0001549321,0.00061778584,0.00005814285,0.009283603],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984201,0.0002666733,0.00031816715,0.0004118622,0.00019071544,0.00039249027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926454,0.000059654754,0.00010218802,0.00040221532,0.00009192972,0.00007947738],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012384765,0.00024590173,0.00029750098,0.00010264738,0.00017349278,0.00006197132,0.00023501135,0.00019056397,0.0018159895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008159672,0.00019590658,0.00013167685,0.00035398058,0.0001902847,0.00014230584,0.00001442285,0.00019222971,0.0005141299],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073827745,0.0003297797,0.0002625378,0.000016760134,0.000089379864,0.000024749439,0.00027393686,0.0017391118,0.9664399,0.020792317,0.00972587,0.00023184733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065866816,0.0003822944,0.3194095,0.00008415477,0.00030815374,0.00022744933,0.0008459924,0.000648263,0.44414428,0.024828631,0.20067608,0.0018585206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005301879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014149898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5222956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006352339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030014435","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2007.01.012","title":"Exergetic performance analysis of a solar pond","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Exergy; Solar pond; Environmental science; Convection; Exergy efficiency; Thermal energy storage; Solar energy; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.0310016363595566,"score_gpt":0.34341082292977754,"score_spread":0.31240918657022093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030014435","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98485285,0.00014234729,0.005974431,0.00028784684,0.0008144486,0.000019483377,0.000002366982,0.000006392085,0.007899824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867547,0.000029016257,0.012795368,0.000092048555,0.00016970682,3.406301e-7,9.64152e-7,0.0000043267714,0.00015351559],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99807274,0.00008057377,0.0006182362,0.00011360861,0.0009520254,0.00016278554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984996,0.0002002734,0.00062422926,0.00010070342,0.0005058639,0.00006937569],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003295622,0.00007889206,0.00020055979,0.0008969674,0.000056322413,0.000048705486,0.0010423195,0.00004008787,0.0005736063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018541001,0.00005807155,0.00019865752,0.0008348339,0.000209918,0.00042154503,0.000047601246,0.00010937043,0.000008619778],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000478609,0.00030489994,0.36714542,0.000008806195,0.0025728114,0.000054903325,0.0032426554,0.12132373,0.33873025,0.0074271355,0.00007980142,0.15863097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046123136,0.00023346249,0.7648288,0.000046091685,0.00029195438,0.00006687506,0.00047459663,0.009355054,0.2185774,0.00083458994,0.0046479483,0.00018200613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008633335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021612606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39768335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055657936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006700662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6280586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042158486","doi":"10.1115/1.2210498","title":"A Linear Stability Study of the Gradient Zone of a Solar Pond","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Stratification (seeds); Convection; Mechanics; Convection zone; Thermodynamics; Physics; Radiative transfer; Steady state (chemistry); Stability (learning theory); Solar gain; Heat flux; Temperature gradient; Flux (metallurgy); Concentration gradient; Materials science; Heat transfer; Meteorology; Chemistry; Thermal; Optics","score_opus":0.019063223292829275,"score_gpt":0.24403827047239035,"score_spread":0.22497504717956107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042158486","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9496059,0.0004806218,0.04911168,0.00009978337,0.00047145947,0.00008976636,0.0000038676603,0.00002188047,0.00011506295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9749123,0.000033523404,0.024658889,0.000016866368,0.00027378846,0.0000048221673,6.3068615e-7,0.000042635453,0.000056577184],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975536,0.00024937303,0.0011855336,0.00017283153,0.0005794128,0.0002592627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980704,0.00016682813,0.0006685816,0.0006068231,0.00036566335,0.000121685276],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001401069,0.00021248806,0.0005197602,0.00025114842,0.00004901045,0.000014498578,0.00055757276,0.00010640096,0.00006915558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034438935,0.00015798947,0.0002705606,0.00046518457,0.000039780753,0.00023613869,0.00010113195,0.00038978178,9.221801e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013813173,0.0013555575,0.004238072,0.00008325336,0.00052385015,0.000011450406,0.0051165917,0.75071657,0.2262984,0.0012334703,0.000031980966,0.010252683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030975072,0.0009018189,0.027012369,0.00016263744,0.00027729914,0.00013817377,0.0015181989,0.051741015,0.8874869,0.00014529821,0.02705941,0.00045942768],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019424275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000774196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6989755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013303212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000691449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6442624},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061351764","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2008.03.013","title":"Design and performance of a transportable hemispherical solar still","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":214,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Distilled water; Solar still; Daytime; Environmental science; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Chromatography; Desalination","score_opus":0.028041120169689297,"score_gpt":0.23346925934481869,"score_spread":0.2054281391751294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061351764","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54676163,0.0015932997,0.44482052,0.000035716057,0.00013719997,0.00008700104,0.0000031038635,0.0001512196,0.0064103105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8735328,0.0013675248,0.11856674,0.00007445291,0.000057088135,0.000033185395,0.000013616573,0.000042999716,0.0063116048],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985272,0.00015961137,0.00038723976,0.0003403667,0.00024601337,0.00033952206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991109,0.00012456696,0.000120132165,0.00041262025,0.0000874756,0.00014435075],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029685872,0.00019440282,0.00033901632,0.000067927096,0.00010251617,0.000009635274,0.00019827255,0.00015060071,0.00028826378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031405358,0.00018510742,0.00005627727,0.00032613333,0.0001384452,0.00018083747,0.000022750948,0.000079694975,0.0000049111163],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032678273,0.00015023358,0.0050934884,0.00007164833,0.00007906155,0.0000260788,0.0006629354,0.8405006,0.143046,0.00056186295,0.00071908947,0.008762192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007121426,0.00021817582,0.0017674154,0.000028725166,0.000029003659,0.00008607308,0.000026054702,0.053810388,0.8729475,0.00045588022,0.06959696,0.0003216386],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00572609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044206787,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78669024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003160055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009636739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86561733},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067910687","doi":"10.1115/isec2005-76173","title":"Non-Isothermal, Flat-Plate Liquid-Desiccant Regenerators: A Numerical Study","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Regenerative heat exchanger; Desiccant; Air conditioning; Isothermal process; Mass transfer; Materials science; Solar energy; Process engineering; Liquid desiccant; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Nuclear engineering; Composite material; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.019231286647357532,"score_gpt":0.28063116186707715,"score_spread":0.26139987521971964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067910687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84258777,0.0014267635,0.12626638,0.0015100886,0.0017176643,0.0006418577,0.000021525697,0.0012902133,0.024537738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9712673,0.000040794217,0.021346059,0.0010100806,0.0015008241,0.00020097649,0.000036381534,0.0001934667,0.004404137],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996317,0.00063480483,0.00078709994,0.0008979578,0.0005582476,0.00080486265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977908,0.000102960745,0.0002283807,0.0013651819,0.00015329332,0.00035939616],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076658657,0.0005064513,0.00056622515,0.00026127,0.0002819665,0.00013659593,0.0007110663,0.00028057076,0.0010783735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008286947,0.00047389136,0.00021308163,0.0006415777,0.000077791075,0.00037467937,0.000164088,0.00034474686,0.0006454976],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023291071,0.0054684626,0.005472606,0.00006618355,0.0021808848,0.0007274441,0.014329498,0.088869005,0.5463985,0.067955315,0.021526933,0.24467607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020771464,0.00081475795,0.0008773255,0.00002285875,0.00010351313,0.000061015446,0.00033557104,0.01088428,0.35457245,0.00042567897,0.62875456,0.0010708607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018134867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002802328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6072276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002037141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013047551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071403337","doi":"10.1080/15435075.2013.773900","title":"An Investigation of the Effect of Transparent Covers on the Performance of Cylindrical Solar Ponds","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Green Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Solar energy; Mica; Thermal; Polycarbonate; Thermal energy storage; Absorption (acoustics); Sunlight; Environmental science; Reflection (computer programming); Cover (algebra); Materials science; Environmental engineering; Optics; Mineralogy; Composite material; Meteorology; Geology; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01893921743558645,"score_gpt":0.27199992523911165,"score_spread":0.2530607078035252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071403337","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963946,0.00003536343,0.0013162463,0.0012607065,0.00057025795,0.000060791714,0.000008594757,0.0000040366212,0.00034943092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99900365,0.00003082955,0.0005380339,0.00017321446,0.00014506471,0.0000061136257,0.000005445376,0.000014628767,0.0000830354],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997583,0.0006144077,0.0007382067,0.00010223754,0.00086091453,0.00010127651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99769956,0.00045364635,0.00091749564,0.00028731136,0.0005821844,0.00005979077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078109856,0.00012510805,0.00025121873,0.0001736445,0.000031207324,0.00001406692,0.0009714315,0.00008001535,0.00015761769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011384945,0.00006854424,0.0002022595,0.00016985991,0.00018515089,0.00025729835,0.000028642125,0.00018813212,0.0000020740692],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012134362,0.00023371985,0.14804064,0.000053175892,0.0009022269,0.0000036667636,0.0020649494,0.13389535,0.6445828,0.02066976,0.00038758983,0.04795268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074933254,0.0009391091,0.09944898,0.00013236237,0.000044649812,0.000022172848,0.00004198975,0.010259115,0.8868544,0.0010158272,0.00041458098,0.00007747488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010790406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030007039,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2422716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006485341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006358393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2795153},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081319673","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.016","title":"Investigation of turbidity effect on exergetic performance of solar ponds","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbidity; Solar pond; Environmental science; Solar energy; Exergy; Environmental engineering; Turbidity current; Atmospheric sciences; Hydrology (agriculture); Waste management; Oceanography; Ecology; Engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology; Biology","score_opus":0.012162212312254193,"score_gpt":0.22158596114362059,"score_spread":0.20942374883136639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081319673","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839888,0.000029165623,0.00322192,0.000099242,0.00029365637,0.00009037705,7.115215e-7,0.000038014623,0.012238086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99690676,0.00017860347,0.0013536727,0.00019174126,0.000022388804,0.000012607818,0.000018268089,0.000011700383,0.0013042524],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989706,0.00025872092,0.00022535132,0.00021294232,0.00021533604,0.00011702665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999359,0.00008899239,0.00014018934,0.0003131685,0.00003755516,0.00006110017],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058249914,0.000120140336,0.00018780537,0.00017724253,0.00004821824,0.0000068456966,0.00012433897,0.00005947019,0.00007878045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022575981,0.00010563493,0.00004436782,0.00014665932,0.00007626271,0.00007193665,0.00007303386,0.00004742878,0.000010646934],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009832202,0.00016142575,0.020973489,0.0029027502,0.00036288798,0.0000046665855,0.00104091,0.004878641,0.12910141,0.36395714,0.0045591905,0.47107425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012642983,0.00072303717,0.02223492,0.000110671645,0.00006606652,6.397533e-7,0.000037116824,0.010547504,0.90321803,0.0006098726,0.06100387,0.0001839568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008356568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001918945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77411664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020658477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004077665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43076673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082091563","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.022","title":"Air humidification–dehumidification for a water desalination system using solar energy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Mass transfer; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Air mass (solar energy); Solar energy; Fresh water; Mass flow; Solar desalination; Engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.048342215545530746,"score_gpt":0.31933967248328693,"score_spread":0.2709974569377562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2082091563","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.124569,0.00009826096,0.8710365,0.00024913353,0.00089053815,0.00062423304,0.000016134527,0.0006120954,0.0019040734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91965234,0.0000067183746,0.07741535,0.00013599389,0.0006296786,0.00024068638,0.0011836055,0.00012155256,0.00061410596],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.996575,0.00037323078,0.0011172211,0.00073057,0.0005509272,0.00065304694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971249,0.00030999188,0.0004521445,0.0007426272,0.0012048025,0.00016554778],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003965788,0.00035340016,0.0003249956,0.00069979153,0.0005629731,0.00011885524,0.0003682863,0.00043394882,0.00002477407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027998042,0.000332259,0.00018365697,0.0005532316,0.000075209755,0.0006707332,0.00003668158,0.00014777099,0.00007375075],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013430434,0.00014074748,0.00023663367,0.0001669,0.000060192062,0.00000198199,0.000990244,0.005020832,0.57554084,0.39446598,0.000062637635,0.023178717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008761425,0.000054780536,0.001698341,0.000041760602,0.00009874972,0.00002302411,0.00042305875,0.060408738,0.89384156,0.0060968157,0.035974562,0.0004624833],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033748528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007089212,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79508334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000923561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000063663065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999129},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091770364","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2004.02.018","title":"Numerical study of transient heat and mass transfer and stability in a salt-gradient solar pond","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Solar pond; Salinity; Environmental science; Temperature gradient; Transient (computer programming); Heat transfer; Mechanics; Instability; Work (physics); Mass transfer; Atmospheric sciences; Daytime; Stability (learning theory); Temperature salinity diagrams; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Meteorology; Geology; Solar energy; Physics; Oceanography","score_opus":0.036401175654431,"score_gpt":0.31829631069272984,"score_spread":0.2818951350382988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091770364","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948902,0.00021143885,0.003205735,0.001114164,0.00026291338,0.000095691306,0.0000027932497,0.0000037919883,0.00021323246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973361,0.000023290277,0.002548713,0.000044992874,0.00003856632,0.0000021858525,1.7310862e-7,0.000004296744,0.0000016857877],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983803,0.00021271336,0.00049939053,0.00017187175,0.0006064035,0.00012930197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953324,0.000107126114,0.00007723882,0.000065924454,0.00013587005,0.00008057494],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001409403,0.000089123205,0.00019210245,0.000198842,0.000041085426,0.000051455932,0.00035119688,0.00003103993,0.000049840222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000066009656,0.00006488518,0.000045685578,0.00016964444,0.00021465625,0.00030538478,0.000017353144,0.00013487706,3.801762e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011945672,0.0028522194,0.39650273,0.000025388828,0.0002695797,0.00012872525,0.058694944,0.08305637,0.43131775,0.0033815312,0.0000020427801,0.022574175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0061785704,0.0026179852,0.8677266,0.00012558569,0.000045257,0.00023922102,0.0067625926,0.0022032314,0.10556035,0.007929148,0.0003041211,0.00030729576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006595739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000096253716,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47122392,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000071754934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006294297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26459408},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114609508","doi":"10.3968/j.est.1923847920110102.002","title":"Increase in Distillate Productivity by Inclining the Flat Plate Reflector of a Tilted-Wick Solar Still in Summer","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy science and technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Reflector (photography); Solstice; Solar still; Solar desalination; Optics; Distillation; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Materials science; Physics; Latitude; Desalination; Light source; Chemistry; Astronomy","score_opus":0.03488172079486121,"score_gpt":0.2895607348006998,"score_spread":0.2546790140058386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2114609508","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99681616,0.0003206927,0.00028275614,0.0005287802,0.0001149325,0.00009156128,0.000003652907,0.0000762148,0.0017652401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99681425,0.000058562127,0.002863309,0.00006360398,0.000012090425,0.00003778378,0.000001969718,0.000013255809,0.00013516698],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99822104,0.00017297712,0.00038452412,0.000568869,0.00022851478,0.0004240667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989233,0.00010387387,0.0001679201,0.0006243046,0.0001230034,0.00005760214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020303575,0.00015492018,0.000260882,0.00072640204,0.00010546171,0.000015606189,0.0006323226,0.00018838664,0.000021679674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012160847,0.00011505332,0.000017015764,0.0027063116,0.0015905441,0.00028347888,0.0002816426,0.0002946012,0.0000033047877],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017305832,0.00024542917,0.23085316,0.000016045,0.000022853435,0.000033842654,0.0035848822,0.00006988093,0.53038406,0.12396538,0.000076079275,0.1105753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075188,0.00018658492,0.03902102,0.00004543911,0.000011417789,0.000030750038,0.00044302168,0.0016879272,0.90028125,0.036738284,0.020432983,0.0003694312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0066495403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025819663,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3698972,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006530414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013442563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121630066","doi":"10.1109/epec.2009.5420379","title":"Energy saving by using newly designed automated solar powered evaporative air cooler (ASPEAC)","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Algonquin College","funders":"","keywords":"Evaporative cooler; Environmental science; Solar energy; Humidity; Current (fluid); Solar powered; Efficient energy use; Power (physics); Meteorology; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.02828486267871211,"score_gpt":0.30044630329344,"score_spread":0.2721614406147279,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121630066","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14843415,0.00096027507,0.77785414,0.0015112694,0.0009260982,0.0006178941,0.00003812226,0.006724744,0.0629333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85329175,0.000011255175,0.13985738,0.0022584426,0.00011953494,0.000013464591,0.00013554265,0.00008823039,0.0042243795],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963596,0.000892307,0.00077101775,0.0007621579,0.000475008,0.0007399429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980821,0.000187015,0.000316989,0.00080622575,0.00031545406,0.00029220982],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000683375,0.00049632543,0.0005215203,0.00026370157,0.0003002297,0.0001508904,0.00047967382,0.00035954124,0.0010164822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001738145,0.00047031866,0.00015753024,0.00079172757,0.000087278,0.0006176684,0.00005579357,0.00022244256,0.000128085],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012735209,0.00021512575,0.00010373904,0.0000058657947,0.00012622551,0.000026107904,0.0010523704,0.005002261,0.9517714,0.0047795232,0.014401177,0.022388896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022956086,0.00030089307,0.0016894646,0.00005744908,0.00010985357,0.00005128103,0.00051201374,0.13085657,0.80480283,0.004212925,0.053717233,0.0013938705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017025676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052046158,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7048576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029570438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001539988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998967},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126611267","doi":"10.1093/ijlct/cts052","title":"Energy efficiency assessment of integrated and nonintegrated solar ponds","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Yükseköğretim Kurulu; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Position (finance); Environmental science; Solar powered; Solar energy; Measure (data warehouse); Maximum temperature; Energy (signal processing); Atmospheric sciences; Mathematics; Computer science; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Statistics; Database","score_opus":0.0157451597112676,"score_gpt":0.3063882616998379,"score_spread":0.2906431019885703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126611267","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9577498,0.0017377769,0.032799963,0.0010602388,0.0016470876,0.00006845626,0.0000147037845,0.00023187383,0.0046901163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9792561,0.0004322548,0.020043725,0.000038466747,0.00009263843,0.000007224834,0.000008851648,0.000025168274,0.00009560029],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978264,0.00015592744,0.00090164243,0.00017737817,0.0006536886,0.0002849434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99760824,0.00020717882,0.0008604429,0.00027926284,0.0009763091,0.00006857654],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009685759,0.00022939843,0.0003980804,0.0009586447,0.00003224001,0.00005406328,0.000907091,0.00026261882,0.000052874122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000665516,0.0001767047,0.00013016937,0.00042841717,0.00028487892,0.0003317507,0.0001752847,0.0004596338,0.0000012551873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026667942,0.0010596741,0.10042989,0.00003735791,0.0010684568,0.00007160491,0.00068842433,0.00048065314,0.56384236,0.10618368,0.00021515685,0.22565608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017677019,0.00044490342,0.01921717,0.00034838397,0.00009726938,0.000443799,0.0033444497,0.008690986,0.94480544,0.010173352,0.010173289,0.0004932727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013239184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006859574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38096306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002209231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013716528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7205809},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158891442","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-04681-5_74","title":"Investigation of Turbidity Effect on Energy Transmission in a Solar Pond","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbidity; Environmental science; Transmission (telecommunications); Solar energy; Turbidity current; Solar pond; Energy (signal processing); Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Computer science; Telecommunications; Engineering; Oceanography; Electrical engineering; Geomorphology; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.029755728997569054,"score_gpt":0.2577614110947261,"score_spread":0.22800568209715705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2158891442","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0029968687,0.0002541739,0.03825877,0.00022257268,0.00043019163,0.000400698,0.000014122224,0.00019722844,0.9572254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20587693,0.00019395302,0.016895676,0.00086922984,0.00047602862,0.00008214706,0.00067309785,0.00036844995,0.7745645],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99751574,0.00048442825,0.000724565,0.00059458753,0.00045142786,0.00022928015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99814385,0.00055838085,0.00032693945,0.00074098853,0.000081782775,0.00014802878],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010659014,0.0004631403,0.0007145579,0.0005509234,0.00003526102,0.000018892624,0.00030575096,0.0008698558,0.0012094958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008340051,0.00039183616,0.00022358455,0.000078006684,0.000103695864,0.00006241426,0.000029893088,0.00044141844,0.00009690788],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031596163,0.000021218018,0.00013744753,0.00032634143,0.00010416555,0.000010756499,0.0003315827,0.00030578938,0.045080774,0.68002236,0.0013535983,0.27199003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010584478,0.0005964862,0.00041117566,0.00059169735,0.0000791066,0.000004479259,0.0000018119292,0.0005538201,0.4285477,0.095064566,0.472451,0.00063970435],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007033682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001192435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5849578,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011881243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006486032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169225860","doi":"10.6000/1927-5129.2013.09.78","title":"Using Vapor Generation Equipment to Create Artificial Rain: The Design and Function of a New System","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Water vapor; Meteorology; Precipitation; Economic shortage; Water scarcity; Solar energy; Agriculture; Engineering; Geography; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.1593198993906165,"score_gpt":0.3203694674359725,"score_spread":0.161049568045356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169225860","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4897151,0.00006507578,0.508736,0.00041763726,0.00032883193,0.00023569903,1.7208443e-7,0.000007083076,0.000494374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87478197,0.0000024547344,0.12465721,0.00011250388,0.00038736337,0.000008734433,1.5437858e-7,0.0000061871647,0.000043399123],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99848133,0.00020504727,0.000539127,0.00015906658,0.0004544956,0.00016093576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990307,0.00013085836,0.00045929028,0.00012890548,0.00013963513,0.00011061985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029827743,0.000096674514,0.0001903291,0.00016990672,0.00023564702,0.00017562536,0.00021065814,0.0000419764,0.000054475015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005444917,0.000058843267,0.00003998232,0.00038611863,0.00010306087,0.00021640437,0.000027317796,0.00008075684,0.000009907409],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055409528,0.000017804336,0.000038942497,0.000008450925,0.000023400458,4.5716646e-7,0.0012769245,0.064872004,0.8590527,0.010515269,0.00046420592,0.06367443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080844236,0.0008036382,0.0028080787,0.000114084854,0.00019361061,0.000099353754,0.0071153445,0.09942065,0.8713298,0.014294126,0.002657706,0.0003551833],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014069171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048808715,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38506687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006894957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017337604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23995589},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173483078","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.10.040","title":"Experimental performance of bubble column humidifier and dehumidifier under varying pressure","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","keywords":"Materials science; Bar (unit); Bubble; Mass transfer; Atmospheric pressure; Heat transfer; Superficial velocity; Mechanics; Heat transfer coefficient; Volumetric flow rate; Thermodynamics; Flow (mathematics); Meteorology","score_opus":0.04033501575070036,"score_gpt":0.3030421753015885,"score_spread":0.26270715955088814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2173483078","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847237,0.0029559867,0.009144118,0.00041364465,0.00066849956,0.00006362821,0.0000066696284,0.000008397685,0.0020153793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958433,0.00019382959,0.0032929317,0.00011060682,0.00016979984,0.0000033868357,0.000002970691,0.000015446123,0.0003677209],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888873,0.00007889422,0.00039505487,0.000118266486,0.00040335068,0.00011567586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935347,0.00005399396,0.000044913722,0.00007949178,0.00034293588,0.00012519491],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039034942,0.00010978118,0.00019772297,0.00013084605,0.00003229683,0.000046778005,0.0001722867,0.000075160744,0.000110558474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015860476,0.000094717885,0.000053942902,0.000044496035,0.00008533424,0.000366278,0.000018341321,0.00014614282,0.000001531217],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024129064,0.00038785592,0.030674974,0.000102777216,0.001129528,0.000041286567,0.007003142,0.009892907,0.9331011,0.009067413,0.00058171543,0.0056043575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0045331935,0.00052019855,0.006496841,0.00013434848,0.00011836726,0.00040410354,0.0008773893,0.0028291652,0.95471597,0.0020150251,0.027076177,0.0002792182],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000056370853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021997978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026494462,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031708274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005248371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38624832},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2174394851","doi":"10.1038/srep16798","title":"Bioinspired Breathable Architecture for Water Harvesting","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Durham University; Newcastle University","keywords":"Thuja; Macro; Computer science; Voltage droop; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Botany; Biology; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.0571496025654862,"score_gpt":0.29827931608145886,"score_spread":0.24112971351597265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2174394851","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8680682,0.00021034705,0.06116756,0.00134151,0.025868615,0.0012649333,0.000011675727,0.00095413526,0.04111303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.67134273,2.6428492e-7,0.21753442,0.00014909422,0.00052443595,0.00025481763,0.0005383618,0.00010795924,0.10954793],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974184,0.00012112787,0.00056111586,0.0008909735,0.0004552814,0.00055312744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978326,0.000055926972,0.00018651703,0.0012492604,0.00039245453,0.00028327023],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039247563,0.0001880583,0.00022072806,0.00022370047,0.00032918304,0.0005018233,0.00022362027,0.0001111394,0.000101981575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008409408,0.00013519995,0.000120034354,0.0003264651,0.00017473091,0.00023890712,0.00008534553,0.000107495514,0.000116883006],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007582016,0.00017704275,0.0048028002,0.00010684467,0.000072462935,0.0003776793,0.008014749,0.015488602,0.85039866,0.001351682,0.07507371,0.044059973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001825589,0.000020327127,0.000054582564,0.000011911047,0.000013797983,0.00027389964,0.00006369115,0.00032184424,0.37216663,0.043005668,0.5837133,0.00017179947],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024015004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006157378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5086396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073082294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013199273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5513294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175552343","doi":"10.1115/ipack2013-73106","title":"Effect of Meniscus Recession on the Effective Pore Radius and Capillary Pumping of Copper Metal Foams","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Capillary action; Materials science; Meniscus; Evaporation; RADIUS; Capillary pressure; Composite material; Metal foam; Thermal conduction; Porous medium; Thermocouple; Mechanics; Porosity; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.00989931293400207,"score_gpt":0.27185605639990157,"score_spread":0.2619567434658995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2175552343","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97803545,0.0002500843,0.00022749811,0.00036078546,0.00015543103,0.00074729184,0.0000018204199,0.000040001534,0.020181658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99796706,0.000030552415,0.0012714016,0.00007365442,0.000029125722,0.000119717355,0.0000072437297,0.000023922903,0.00047730355],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976776,0.0014092849,0.0002836518,0.00023996318,0.00022538065,0.00016412501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997497,0.0017945212,0.00016129106,0.00041099978,0.000079636506,0.000056555527],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001323794,0.00017231365,0.00034193517,0.00008640509,0.0000671763,0.00001706153,0.00016080627,0.00011037137,0.00037278613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035295612,0.00008619929,0.000087271554,0.00016564371,0.00012603038,0.00011791611,0.00006189707,0.00013986665,0.000026680158],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022576592,0.000061725754,0.0029719772,0.00017346034,0.00021420447,0.0000020664436,0.0011628987,0.000093651084,0.863906,0.007522348,0.00085429766,0.12281157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005576586,0.0005151657,0.0042402404,0.00005490241,0.000049031463,0.000007006045,0.00013052541,0.00039127996,0.99251735,0.00086443673,0.00056598784,0.000106426225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006826959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053018007,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12861131,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026557444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008961187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40817466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178418470","doi":"10.1115/es2009-90346","title":"Investigation of Reverse Thermosyphoning in an Indirect SDHW System","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermosiphon; Thermal energy storage; Heat exchanger; Storage tank; Thermal; Thermal energy; Environmental science; Mechanics; Pressure drop; Natural circulation; Nuclear engineering; Energy storage; Natural convection; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.048947743929347455,"score_gpt":0.28770683162729405,"score_spread":0.2387590876979466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2178418470","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9727373,0.000025901627,0.0010627713,0.00011195825,0.00009288012,0.00012161712,8.322652e-7,0.00016188607,0.025684847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9601432,0.0000013253851,0.03937713,0.00015499681,0.000032135318,0.0000066942684,0.000012345986,0.000011601986,0.00026056106],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873185,0.00042987865,0.00035300117,0.00019901078,0.00014520783,0.00014103533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993558,0.000054213953,0.0001201629,0.00035128172,0.000057919606,0.000060655588],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077841524,0.00009503616,0.00017852569,0.000180747,0.000024772691,0.000016641981,0.0001549513,0.00009877324,0.00007882205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006795471,0.00008643024,0.000028974891,0.0003810213,0.000023132421,0.00022703745,0.000008706688,0.00009257647,0.000025808526],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000065555316,0.00005497432,0.06609439,0.00007188108,0.000020500673,0.000012222055,0.0097756665,0.0022185147,0.80941856,0.07542831,0.00017136388,0.03666805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063822814,0.00012003824,0.27466086,0.00012670372,0.000013326433,0.000008238242,0.0016504022,0.0048498735,0.71360934,0.0036451893,0.00042149916,0.00025631944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00059688266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010869504,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20856646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008127987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029973093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35245228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2220028004","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-7588-0_55","title":"Integrated Coal Power Plant and Cu–Cl Water Splitting Cycle for Greenhouse Gases Reduction","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Reduction (mathematics); Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Coal; Greenhouse; Power station; Waste management; Agronomy; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Ecology; Mathematics; Biology","score_opus":0.03325871658265459,"score_gpt":0.26101763577456666,"score_spread":0.22775891919191207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2220028004","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017093053,0.00046939548,0.01958276,0.00087446725,0.002585353,0.0024478836,0.00044091462,0.0014424858,0.9550637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01852473,0.000109821136,0.05732924,0.00022886443,0.0005697338,0.00017436301,0.0016451086,0.00035532637,0.9210628],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99775004,0.000077218014,0.0006978286,0.00078079075,0.00023448178,0.0004596298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986018,0.00015191115,0.00021536899,0.0006048433,0.0002529234,0.00017313502],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046727047,0.00055557926,0.0005524671,0.00027403346,0.00017125168,0.00017060825,0.00021751493,0.00063094485,0.0047272444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060879836,0.00039418592,0.00016883427,0.000021109256,0.00014251513,0.0002403134,0.00009469007,0.00038660615,0.00052552077],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009308187,0.00018682271,0.00009661368,0.0004916056,0.0013449928,0.00004423468,0.0034705277,0.00017870104,0.065507285,0.7890644,0.0706826,0.06800141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000830965,0.00017227743,0.00003357859,0.00016421214,0.00015226452,0.00017110273,0.00022421642,0.00073871826,0.03848266,0.037048705,0.9210287,0.0009526547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00085361046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006531303,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.850346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010376083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003420029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999851},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2268223748","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-17031-2_19","title":"Performance Comparison of Sodium and Magnesium Chloride-Saturated Solar Ponds","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Magnesium; Sodium; Solar energy; Chloride; Thermocouple; Mineralogy; Materials science; Chemistry; Composite material; Metallurgy; Ecology","score_opus":0.07081637406722088,"score_gpt":0.3062117323089165,"score_spread":0.23539535824169563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2268223748","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009407461,0.0013148403,0.00034632726,0.00014745089,0.00083894504,0.0003061189,0.000031016094,0.00024093951,0.9873669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.23201542,0.00009166575,0.00704038,0.00006232742,0.0002627299,0.000012565213,0.00023164439,0.00013953616,0.76014376],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976835,0.00005937307,0.0008716253,0.00056222,0.00050424034,0.00031904358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99780464,0.000093942486,0.000505564,0.00084089016,0.0005497875,0.00020516747],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000615059,0.00052309624,0.00089694967,0.0003085036,0.00007584336,0.00004944483,0.0003850024,0.00073132786,0.0015451749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052650223,0.0004677705,0.00010620902,0.00007404004,0.00021420934,0.00019443363,0.0001540491,0.0005569018,0.00027416152],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003739787,0.00042969405,0.00985856,0.003400447,0.0012722147,0.000047482143,0.0058316225,0.00070201367,0.028110659,0.66960084,0.05099843,0.22600825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017445042,0.00053139834,0.0010116501,0.00014138194,0.00037009435,0.00004122903,0.00014195974,0.009438304,0.09076671,0.008468352,0.8857113,0.0016331221],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011989364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029847613,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83471286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008312561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012437136,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997774},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2269129725","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-17031-2_18","title":"Investigation of Heat Storage Performance of a Solar Pond with Potassium Chloride","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Potassium; Thermal energy storage; Solar pond; Environmental science; Materials science; Nuclear engineering; Meteorology; Chemistry; Waste management; Electrical engineering; Solar energy; Engineering; Physics; Metallurgy; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.051358643803528586,"score_gpt":0.2509038031495465,"score_spread":0.19954515934601794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2269129725","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09162712,0.00044768627,0.0030279155,0.00024281666,0.0004562543,0.0006034303,0.00008083529,0.00018307476,0.90333086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2207201,0.00009841409,0.039144102,0.0001256011,0.00028233862,0.000032778287,0.0003737947,0.00024476135,0.7389781],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980584,0.000064095264,0.00062251114,0.0004048631,0.0006399222,0.00021023642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99776226,0.0000722522,0.0004760698,0.0009044993,0.0006214276,0.00016351185],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070490595,0.00038535506,0.00065439986,0.00033031453,0.00003508123,0.00001461101,0.0003322954,0.00041241143,0.0006435351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036904556,0.000313417,0.00009658318,0.00009154837,0.00027715132,0.00022861274,0.0000661854,0.00034329764,0.00006370027],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004894855,0.00016591098,0.008700744,0.004768113,0.0024869766,0.000058267888,0.008087718,0.019328935,0.109387025,0.81081665,0.017895939,0.013408867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027822764,0.0018799868,0.002089954,0.0012161825,0.00058068894,0.00007915089,0.00013289436,0.003403407,0.67140216,0.018956043,0.2954711,0.0020061892],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026435644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049809223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7918606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012797897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003032214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999318},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2303440597","doi":"10.1149/ma2015-02/43/1685","title":"Efficient and Stable Silicon-Based Solar Water Splitting Devices","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Water splitting; Silicon; Materials science; Photovoltaic system; Hydrogen; Solar energy; Engineering physics; Solar cell; Nanotechnology; Nanoporous; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Catalysis; Engineering","score_opus":0.03563950469892785,"score_gpt":0.27844007721325403,"score_spread":0.24280057251432619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2303440597","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9379928,0.00023227805,0.000087303546,0.000399293,0.00036644712,0.00014273723,0.0000030226818,0.00025380342,0.060522333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97470903,6.8991096e-7,0.024480514,0.00022865675,0.00018914245,0.000016245067,0.000021441669,0.000053204916,0.00030104365],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977821,0.00026534748,0.0005210036,0.00047481447,0.00037496787,0.00058176595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985129,0.0003836597,0.00018110414,0.00041741633,0.00019103309,0.00031386522],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033645865,0.00023985954,0.00025158335,0.0001219216,0.00020021998,0.00020036798,0.00020563998,0.0001481782,0.000041489973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00091919454,0.0001947651,0.00004767887,0.00012178399,0.00006611438,0.000086685235,0.00007402887,0.0002447305,0.00026397145],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046212765,0.00011111245,0.009803803,0.000092358176,0.000030217621,0.000024609273,0.002474651,0.8345956,0.15113026,0.000035854813,0.00016948707,0.0014858223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009061276,0.000042917964,0.008798157,0.0001038382,0.000034409215,0.000010285769,0.00067518424,0.03507,0.9236653,0.00031598008,0.02996747,0.00041033857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010680261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032460423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7995256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007899967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000743573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79422903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2310636656","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.218","title":"Simulation of transport phenomena in a photo-electrochemical reactor for solar hydrogen production","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Electrolyte; Flux (metallurgy); Solar energy; Radiative transfer; Electrochemistry; Transport phenomena; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Chemistry; Nuclear engineering; Physics; Optics; Physical chemistry; Electrode; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.02088395372087974,"score_gpt":0.2893338515556328,"score_spread":0.26844989783475304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2310636656","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93051106,0.0002289495,0.06752203,0.0006529645,0.0005905327,0.00012363034,0.00001920838,0.000022505285,0.00032912398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99541485,0.00008188772,0.0032123185,0.000064370026,0.0009222174,0.000023776365,0.000026100925,0.000041176907,0.00021330213],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977286,0.00011909565,0.0010803262,0.00026266274,0.0005780372,0.00023129808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99791676,0.00030055066,0.000739157,0.00020738773,0.0007469267,0.000089244786],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007108405,0.00017784008,0.00033388316,0.00048444752,0.000017577586,0.000008418564,0.00048304454,0.00012859087,0.00011982692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005018714,0.00013920321,0.00025141108,0.00018438774,0.00005841964,0.00040320633,0.000018231343,0.000103527665,0.000002541966],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009493783,0.00024525038,0.0010279845,0.000007912271,0.00029232056,0.000010364458,0.00024189561,0.023444619,0.9463976,0.001383387,0.000014549838,0.025984764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015698628,0.00013398925,0.00019734146,0.00008346925,0.000037462476,0.00005567652,0.000018628021,0.0029187421,0.95640516,0.0070297304,0.031387813,0.0001621367],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000082402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004631006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.064903796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031112146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012940839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5676542},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2323175497","doi":"10.5383/swes.0101.007","title":"Solar Desalination Indirect Heating","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Sustainable Water and Environmental Systems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Salinity; Saline water; Tap water; Solar still; Environmental science; Thermal; Solar desalination; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Waste management; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.007912843009503297,"score_gpt":0.23694329951352097,"score_spread":0.22903045650401768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2323175497","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935663,0.0001659967,0.0026913127,0.00023370283,0.0015954011,0.00012381317,0.000004792985,0.0000177449,0.0016009319],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961466,0.00003725148,0.0012838638,0.00004455345,0.0005834342,0.000009838346,0.00003700086,0.000024816572,0.0018326457],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839616,0.00013267956,0.00054604467,0.00015611967,0.00048670464,0.00028230113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993688,0.00005269403,0.00023240274,0.00012089218,0.00011037212,0.00011483118],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012439671,0.00014202812,0.00019452025,0.00024927114,0.00012557724,0.00021274199,0.00029032506,0.00010610627,0.00013669551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005599065,0.0001052865,0.000071594084,0.000036152924,0.000074333686,0.00060777686,0.00010555008,0.00029869456,0.000016291928],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033335702,0.00041296167,0.10340773,0.000105188985,0.0007016427,0.0008067083,0.009289762,0.006437268,0.8378978,0.017822152,0.0002758598,0.022509595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004645403,0.00043680862,0.036867436,0.00012419019,0.00014561,0.005306778,0.037135493,0.0048423433,0.48704243,0.010674854,0.4117513,0.0010273427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003123151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002767792,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41147545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018908999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001632603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42934588},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2337794853","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22517","title":"Multi‐scale simulation of falling film short‐path distillation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Mechanics; Evaporation; Mass transfer; Thermodynamics; Fluent; Scale (ratio); Computer simulation; Physics","score_opus":0.021496423143648483,"score_gpt":0.24712594529879967,"score_spread":0.2256295221551512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2337794853","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8046098,0.00012879059,0.19456807,0.00024686658,0.00024787182,0.000055651042,0.0000089279065,0.000015670892,0.00011836085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98561734,0.0000013750163,0.014149691,0.000010654897,0.00016818338,0.0000010191097,0.0000014826617,0.00002186323,0.000028392487],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991585,0.000031714142,0.0003977711,0.00007579778,0.00015354893,0.00018267719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907035,0.00026226154,0.00011935211,0.0001682364,0.00015943745,0.00022035252],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003871348,0.00009463552,0.00016058647,0.00010985903,0.0000303669,0.00001734798,0.00021035776,0.00008200742,0.000069398324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00056725624,0.00006106815,0.00008276307,0.00012816169,0.000042285657,0.000113146074,0.0000056511212,0.00014149483,0.00000305338],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007522091,0.0000030567167,0.00068347773,0.000008936514,0.00002068354,0.0000020940158,0.00027970443,0.5068051,0.48641184,0.00014337795,0.000008285001,0.0056259083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043263735,0.000018572275,0.00432968,0.00016047292,0.0000406607,0.000025893938,0.000015708893,0.39434674,0.59846586,0.00033998562,0.001631938,0.00019186274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004799166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016505126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18100753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017276968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010232292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2490287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2344473053","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2016.04.001","title":"Root restriction: A tool for improving volume utilization efficiency in bioregenerative life-support systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Life Sciences in Space Research","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Oak Ridge Associated Universities","keywords":"Volume (thermodynamics); Root (linguistics); Environmental science; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.16795205044533956,"score_gpt":0.4259339278253697,"score_spread":0.25798187738003014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2344473053","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70937747,0.0021194923,0.25541747,0.012537214,0.0027469413,0.0040573836,0.00005087969,0.0002568235,0.0134363165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98802865,0.000081740836,0.007286722,0.000026051517,0.00031196437,0.0005690661,0.000004534795,0.000024454452,0.0036668337],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99484307,0.0013956345,0.00062302954,0.0009119251,0.0012293989,0.0009969524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974543,0.0011820938,0.00014949532,0.00052341825,0.0005024904,0.00018823185],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.012895105,0.00017802879,0.00027282437,0.0013269611,0.00041948498,0.00024440853,0.00079816824,0.0001937593,0.00010999214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011383484,0.00012929155,0.000051836796,0.0041076574,0.0006833883,0.00071913586,0.0001717595,0.00025805618,0.00009639548],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037966593,0.00063847407,0.5389673,0.0003902019,0.000025826876,0.000027943766,0.0051165395,0.024052398,0.105469644,0.27628455,0.011468635,0.037178803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008491588,0.004000886,0.17220834,0.00094804686,0.000024373963,0.000027171467,0.01430765,0.5914988,0.06645712,0.010924262,0.1285191,0.0025926714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015974801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040726826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5674464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001218023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99694407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2415106235","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2016.03.011","title":"CFD modeling of humidification dehumidification distillation process","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","keywords":"Mechanics; Desalination; Adiabatic process; Distillation; Work (physics); Natural convection; Volumetric flow rate; Mass flow rate; Convection; Thermodynamics; Environmental science; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.048903937829702496,"score_gpt":0.325433949788913,"score_spread":0.2765300119592105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2415106235","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.344066,0.00004952689,0.6519712,0.00042579081,0.00017015403,0.00024663148,0.00000895567,0.00017887058,0.0028828802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99011564,0.000032073818,0.00918645,0.000016567614,0.000121130004,0.00009446463,0.0001294969,0.0000397179,0.0002644694],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981346,0.00023331643,0.00065716816,0.0003814687,0.0004020091,0.00019141681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981388,0.00014537721,0.0004096223,0.0004831563,0.0007607471,0.00006229613],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008482352,0.00015948372,0.00017876801,0.00026847635,0.0000985269,0.00002555867,0.00021400963,0.00016457077,0.00007695608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006677486,0.00012740606,0.00006453423,0.00044476535,0.000056810662,0.0005477451,0.0000143160405,0.00006273113,0.00007963934],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107545624,0.00016718236,0.004371329,0.00012267641,0.000036353005,2.903219e-7,0.0014294335,0.02914565,0.5760823,0.23464304,0.000025517578,0.15386868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010687355,0.000063085856,0.01290884,0.00012335624,0.0000628535,0.0000044847584,0.0001913102,0.2457041,0.6509534,0.086960375,0.0015095945,0.00044983666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053045933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010725036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6460496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014602958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047658843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51954687},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2418997259","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2016.05.048","title":"Effects of water and basin depths in single basin solar stills: An experimental and theoretical study","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Solar still; Distillation; Environmental science; Structural basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Yield (engineering); Meteorology; Desalination; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Geography; Materials science","score_opus":0.009345687844382871,"score_gpt":0.2446267192293096,"score_spread":0.23528103138492673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2418997259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963824,0.00015299402,0.0018957932,0.00018400761,0.00011788523,0.00022756905,7.495232e-7,0.00003109283,0.0010075088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978663,0.00014118162,0.0013364978,0.00019045037,0.000014305227,0.000031649946,0.0000035202427,0.000018535333,0.00039758702],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860805,0.00043557634,0.00020880824,0.00038779917,0.00015857178,0.00020117291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951625,0.000109594956,0.00003583466,0.00021244744,0.000015800759,0.000110085006],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037887282,0.00015953167,0.00020926824,0.00017114061,0.00005162649,0.000029741977,0.00008732469,0.000059174574,0.00012860428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001443419,0.00010283776,0.000018968554,0.000055981425,0.0001871943,0.00015720203,0.00022518588,0.000033960358,0.0000024822791],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009606583,0.003067906,0.016937198,0.00029956197,0.00025356252,0.00021838622,0.0077940486,0.000008738987,0.5447644,0.2541623,0.00021990309,0.1713133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057191253,0.0008157085,0.02106211,0.00007777488,0.00006219031,0.0000044693616,0.0026643006,0.00020012281,0.9526202,0.0014205332,0.015051054,0.00030240882],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001713841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014153603,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40785578,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032712014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000023632972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41936022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2483479849","doi":"10.6000/1929-6037.2016.05.02.4","title":"Filtering Brackish Water by Photovoltaic-Powered Membrane","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"City University of Hong Kong","keywords":"Brackish water; Ammonia; Salinity; Total dissolved solids; Filtration (mathematics); Chemistry; Membrane; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Ecology","score_opus":0.012174320568895341,"score_gpt":0.2769665334156894,"score_spread":0.26479221284679405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2483479849","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789734,0.0005838597,0.013283174,0.0048355614,0.00052182795,0.0001481003,0.000009687016,0.00014979705,0.0014946003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901823,0.00075434346,0.0060362597,0.0002458337,0.00013476069,0.000011969527,0.0000075311477,0.000034983634,0.0025920542],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982,0.00014982342,0.0008061793,0.0002599227,0.00025408738,0.00033000272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879956,0.00012227386,0.00036076893,0.0003401887,0.00026578465,0.00011143763],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007259193,0.0002083452,0.00043511126,0.0005085209,0.00010717837,0.00005642111,0.00031087676,0.00036226428,0.00071741315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002165062,0.00012512908,0.000091648944,0.00021718646,0.00015388387,0.0005455033,0.00006107336,0.00025454862,0.000074754586],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012057807,0.00004346766,0.00019549747,0.000015685695,0.00006977593,0.000018321296,0.00017719631,0.000010949893,0.98231834,0.00071057404,0.0015238596,0.0147957625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012693275,0.00018340298,0.000058657002,0.000035178775,0.000027750402,0.00036823112,0.00007394215,0.00004125005,0.8392604,0.002587027,0.15593164,0.00016319605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001610282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008294321,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15440778,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053306343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002680657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78551704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2543119225","doi":"10.1002/aenm.201601811","title":"Synthesis of Black TiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> Nanoparticles by Mg Reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals and their Application for Solar Water Evaporation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Energy Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":411,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Distilled water; Aqueous solution; Chemical engineering; Nanoparticle; Contact angle; Nanotechnology; Composite material","score_opus":0.009213629927522555,"score_gpt":0.23072539130543193,"score_spread":0.22151176137790937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2543119225","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596007,0.00012304175,0.038900405,0.00022848976,0.0003129187,0.00044627217,0.00023336125,0.00011948025,0.000035333876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959227,0.0005697086,0.0022154257,0.00003229564,0.00013787537,0.00076192233,0.00021590176,0.0000985312,0.000045633635],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972043,0.00044902283,0.0010798234,0.00062406686,0.00022411518,0.00041866125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99792904,0.0002776296,0.0006677009,0.0006694027,0.00035700345,0.00009924985],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094128464,0.0003563152,0.00061664067,0.00015523109,0.00011885579,0.000038623148,0.00021022241,0.00024288696,0.000020075317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017496686,0.00025227928,0.000098337776,0.00016195327,0.00025650507,0.0006465299,0.00006539638,0.000031714106,0.000014097419],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038771107,0.000086097316,0.000005360004,0.00012154724,0.00007177824,1.11827056e-7,0.0001958831,0.0003797059,0.9337721,0.0026278119,0.00007758682,0.06227432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075823005,0.00011247239,0.000054891043,0.00009068428,0.00006316671,0.0000049246487,0.00007905999,0.00003412178,0.98084176,0.015438696,0.0021926414,0.00032935795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004422089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012923872,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.061944958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008161064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032265958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999297},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2555608521","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.047","title":"Energy transfer and energy saving potentials of air-to-air membrane energy exchanger for ventilation in cold climates","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Sensible heat; Heat transfer; Moisture; Energy consumption; Mass transfer; Ventilation (architecture); Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Mechanics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.01622707244373874,"score_gpt":0.2540458421024343,"score_spread":0.23781876965869556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2555608521","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46340084,0.002071645,0.53111464,0.0015444973,0.0005868778,0.00011990864,0.00007909196,0.00016659021,0.0009159277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98633164,0.0013384729,0.008450466,0.00073546666,0.0002084575,0.00021280543,0.00003985656,0.000087106295,0.002595721],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99745196,0.0002583285,0.00074870896,0.00072601007,0.000265695,0.00054932205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867445,0.0004552857,0.00016136168,0.00035678613,0.00014770687,0.00020439154],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065331155,0.0003744843,0.000583149,0.000556992,0.0001403566,0.000035435307,0.00023203745,0.00029028047,0.00009555331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007597535,0.00031396042,0.00013519949,0.0003985408,0.00012862579,0.0003632917,0.00008997404,0.000047813122,5.953381e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030258187,0.00006747125,0.0002028902,0.000044594264,0.00005885941,0.0000034626105,0.0002211752,0.00022798848,0.66617274,0.25172368,0.0001575292,0.08081703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012826212,0.00014434136,0.0006923587,0.0001562117,0.000043536336,0.000008042795,0.000038092487,0.00025496545,0.7357947,0.003704547,0.25751954,0.0003610097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030501764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014745588,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5229308,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006246594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030959436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2557026393","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.034","title":"Integration of renewable energy based multigeneration system with desalination","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Geothermal desalination; Flashing; Renewable energy; Exergy; Solar energy; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal power; Geothermal energy; Ocean thermal energy conversion; Process engineering; Environmental science; Thermal energy; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Exergy efficiency; Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.024407439248088764,"score_gpt":0.2606600973917889,"score_spread":0.23625265814370014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2557026393","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.052095056,0.000028852071,0.9422431,0.00029587577,0.00020022258,0.00020172053,0.0000105196095,0.00026575275,0.004658911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9264739,0.000005061573,0.071823955,0.000040621642,0.00011498206,0.0001335816,0.00021657647,0.000046644927,0.0011446654],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978551,0.0005182149,0.0005716632,0.00037856676,0.00047337415,0.00020304277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99789536,0.00023347636,0.00047401452,0.00045751323,0.00086943683,0.00007022574],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085562246,0.00020681345,0.00022867443,0.00039759156,0.000108404194,0.000041477888,0.00016363234,0.00019332394,0.000052836218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025351034,0.00014280804,0.00006310146,0.0005061623,0.000065075925,0.00052420667,0.000011509103,0.000048331196,0.000017651877],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015594403,0.0000912394,0.0006594068,0.00004413012,0.000027095673,0.0000012337891,0.00016613198,0.018730609,0.7430917,0.18612419,0.00012511117,0.050783206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013678989,0.00014744022,0.004481157,0.00019068552,0.000034438708,0.0000041505773,0.00008436225,0.10644019,0.88407725,0.0009904394,0.0019548575,0.00022712073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018802963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009835312,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87437886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035936435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009266742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5823543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560265207","doi":"10.1115/detc2016-59572","title":"Computational Modeling and Field Evaluation of an Innovative Solar Updraft Aeration System for Aquaculture in the Developing World","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Grand Challenges Canada; Government of Canada; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Aquaculture; Environmental science; Aeration; Environmental engineering; Fishery; Waste management; Engineering","score_opus":0.09004444330055715,"score_gpt":0.363835622308525,"score_spread":0.27379117900796784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2560265207","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31059366,0.000016508453,0.6870525,0.001145596,0.000050538227,0.00037969477,0.0000033349502,0.000022062814,0.0007361341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8505684,5.238756e-7,0.14905195,0.00016817627,0.000038907656,0.00010210942,0.000030901338,0.0000070795213,0.000031922762],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864703,0.00043509726,0.00035576,0.0001851667,0.0002810384,0.00009589382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855417,0.00042098324,0.000103120336,0.00012790941,0.00078064395,0.000013167229],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025929876,0.000084836305,0.000113709626,0.00013578075,0.00007401199,0.00003418676,0.00009783435,0.00006274638,0.000012937354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028986472,0.00004850133,0.000015006811,0.00033141262,0.000013911621,0.00030224817,0.000011357468,0.000048671158,0.0000011081544],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016194927,0.00007068974,0.0018824635,0.00013360848,0.00007674989,3.902374e-7,0.012837813,0.20093185,0.01587803,0.6014731,0.0001035823,0.16644979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011608558,0.00003841777,0.0013954033,0.000097314274,0.00001806927,0.000002372957,0.0020657412,0.9456369,0.027700076,0.021588381,0.00016523167,0.00013123805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000091777576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00049375725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7447051,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008345553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007789879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19778268},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2586044811","doi":"10.1039/c6ra26286d","title":"Facile polypyrrole thin film coating on polypropylene membrane for efficient solar-driven interfacial water evaporation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RSC Advances","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Brantford Energy (Canada)","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Polypyrrole; Materials science; Polypropylene; Evaporation; Coating; Chemical engineering; Thin film; Membrane; Composite material; Polymer chemistry; Polymer; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Polymerization","score_opus":0.03474817460959273,"score_gpt":0.3235854727402268,"score_spread":0.2888372981306341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2586044811","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8753058,0.00034926165,0.10354912,0.0022420562,0.003656564,0.0014591756,0.00022988435,0.00049648096,0.0127116805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9772289,0.000015746891,0.019671932,0.0001534379,0.00044237336,0.00017635786,0.00014766137,0.00005393476,0.002109659],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980174,0.0001473555,0.00044923124,0.000561645,0.00034105,0.00048333008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846107,0.00013892243,0.000328642,0.00082514324,0.00014275093,0.000103502556],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057431846,0.0002824257,0.00032041257,0.0001084568,0.00093122316,0.0002563784,0.0005693995,0.00014458474,0.00024286474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045455346,0.0002152359,0.00012857809,0.000043612345,0.00012401436,0.0004895289,0.000106502775,0.00019225877,0.0002490738],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008154899,0.00026147932,0.0008902077,0.0001505631,0.0000842502,0.0000060952298,0.0039938986,0.29452825,0.62423843,0.0053555025,0.00023197113,0.06944388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009797955,0.00020251701,0.00032933513,0.000056445075,0.000024500621,0.0000023562754,0.00023419184,0.06309053,0.8766355,0.0012239609,0.05687578,0.00034506206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010838974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009242132,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25239712,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000083821134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029935394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87770647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2586549346","doi":"10.1115/imece2016-66286","title":"Design of an Innovative Solar Updraft Aeration System for Fish Ponds in the Developing World Using Thermofluidic Computational Modelling","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung; Grand Challenges Canada; Government of Canada; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Aeration; Convection; Mass transfer; Thermal conduction; Environmental science; Volumetric flow rate; Heat transfer; Solar pond; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Mechanics; Meteorology; Solar energy; Engineering; Waste management; Electrical engineering; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.13179733234367977,"score_gpt":0.32998773287315436,"score_spread":0.1981904005294746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2586549346","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12688743,0.000009081477,0.8720088,0.00026490475,0.00007789764,0.00044134093,0.000006038264,0.000052233863,0.00025226103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.58942056,5.276681e-7,0.4103037,0.00012878934,0.000036717458,0.00004537191,0.000014680281,0.000017723312,0.000031922402],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99804133,0.0006873646,0.00057616556,0.00025773747,0.00023704137,0.00020036388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99817914,0.0008988802,0.00020015879,0.00022730742,0.00047391927,0.000020590298],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002152629,0.00014355492,0.00019510661,0.00029390687,0.00012608344,0.000050247363,0.0002395712,0.000073032155,0.000017253202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006451226,0.00008957741,0.000029425353,0.00073869125,0.00003954705,0.0004101967,0.0000168354,0.00006393245,0.0000020460184],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010571387,0.00004267461,0.00019381593,0.000054073724,0.00004178058,0.0000012207,0.0031199765,0.81067926,0.077277966,0.1039823,0.000019026013,0.0044822013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006826008,0.00003215669,0.00020994339,0.000112817725,0.000009507916,0.0000050277054,0.00056085637,0.85502356,0.13542235,0.0076797507,0.000085951004,0.00017544812],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005904983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026888667,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46253315,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018334253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015775632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36528605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2595706709","doi":"10.1039/c7ta00882a","title":"Microporous cokes formed in zeolite catalysts enable efficient solar evaporation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Zeolite; Microporous material; Evaporation; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Porosity; Catalysis; Solar energy; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.021347843032261594,"score_gpt":0.2909712163366772,"score_spread":0.2696233733044156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2595706709","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996871,0.00011279534,0.0001763099,0.00031316947,0.00059300085,0.00008465453,0.000015868607,0.000014559514,0.0018186404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99521273,0.000026867197,0.0035599046,0.00002504692,0.0004784192,0.000007415474,0.000025639416,0.000026407923,0.00063758285],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99823546,0.00010046125,0.00090927235,0.00018631913,0.00029313972,0.00027535352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975532,0.00004549491,0.0014531728,0.0005987727,0.00024201427,0.00010734278],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017927656,0.00017698985,0.0004204039,0.000064710286,0.00015863152,0.00032535495,0.0005647544,0.00017607729,0.00029397977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00072701805,0.00015583838,0.00008317662,0.000049349535,0.000077531644,0.0002955861,0.00007427177,0.00015924383,0.000028919469],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018206138,0.00009358049,0.0002677368,0.00011814545,0.000029479472,0.00006946298,0.00036436896,0.00045555364,0.9977632,0.000025594185,0.0002875772,0.0003432344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010255744,0.00001974978,0.0017021276,0.00010696713,0.000026370823,0.00021677799,0.00008987428,0.000030306785,0.99161285,0.0007826322,0.004228039,0.00015875063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018172397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000066327807,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006150376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017488061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012625124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6354905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2616916788","doi":"10.11159/htff17.123","title":"A Comprehensive Study of Silicon Micropillar Based Biporous Evaporator","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Silicon; Evaporator; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.0191536832689833,"score_gpt":0.2590520698289482,"score_spread":0.23989838655996487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2616916788","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982419,0.0000089222585,0.0000011146179,0.00012108101,0.00094436045,0.00042246934,0.000017758386,0.00007808258,0.00016428754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975952,0.000007970561,0.0020608727,0.000035204805,0.0001265256,0.000053493633,0.0000019537883,0.000051668318,0.000067127905],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852914,0.000016745524,0.00051835447,0.0003966871,0.0002834868,0.00025558702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99851936,0.000089413355,0.0005201657,0.0004953958,0.00027141135,0.000104253515],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020438123,0.00028275058,0.0005349506,0.00011538738,0.00013967293,0.00014952845,0.00080851454,0.000113390364,0.000036083275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003132239,0.00022408515,0.00008750314,0.00012185389,0.00011213552,0.0001233351,0.00031367433,0.00018052717,0.0000011161085],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021726801,0.00017162481,0.00008622192,0.0002812761,0.00006634087,7.9476246e-7,0.000022793292,0.00008700102,0.9966344,0.0020567845,0.00007733167,0.00029816804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011998703,0.0001250524,0.000249315,0.00017020381,0.00006696533,0.0000023997673,0.0000832946,0.0012012052,0.99445623,0.00015666772,0.002064033,0.00022478016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008140836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028835045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021781824,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030747848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014514471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91379267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765292159","doi":"10.1115/detc2017-68111","title":"Long-Term Performance Estimation of Aquaculture Solar Aeration System for Developing World","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Aeration; Aquaculture; Environmental science; Sunlight; Solar energy; Electricity; Productivity; Business; Environmental engineering; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Environmental economics; Fishery; Ecology; Engineering; Economics; Biology","score_opus":0.05147359637189233,"score_gpt":0.3308825380562628,"score_spread":0.27940894168437047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2765292159","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33054805,0.00002044158,0.6622974,0.00024641564,0.00043143868,0.00037066106,0.0000040841765,0.00012888016,0.0059525874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7784624,0.0000033027716,0.21895188,0.0000217946,0.00007620314,0.00007121465,0.000060651175,0.000017287086,0.0023352772],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902064,0.000054219694,0.00037899282,0.00021875156,0.00015914813,0.00016827368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99875563,0.000056526245,0.00036977185,0.00056218915,0.00022225677,0.000033600052],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005158638,0.00013271633,0.0001963455,0.00009257804,0.0004229094,0.00015118669,0.00030524368,0.000093519746,0.000023515475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014681582,0.00011231976,0.00005663086,0.00006999705,0.00003503941,0.0005985563,0.00003411271,0.00006523817,0.000031670355],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031698274,0.0001292033,0.14671329,0.004708241,0.00029636655,0.0000030073033,0.0025520888,0.013174205,0.06731224,0.23821035,0.0006533086,0.5259307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006047175,0.000023377954,0.16404046,0.00022841727,0.000031754345,0.0000038450958,0.000056129855,0.045297682,0.78881085,0.0001862208,0.0004952349,0.0002213344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049230493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001571163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7214986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010267982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042126452,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45802668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767130429","doi":"10.5004/dwt.2017.21024","title":"Grey water treatment using a solar powered electro-coagulator and vacuum membrane distillation system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination and Water Treatment","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane distillation; Distillation; Environmental science; Water treatment; Materials science; Waste management; Membrane; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Chromatography; Desalination; Engineering","score_opus":0.04184012646751303,"score_gpt":0.30268714504399974,"score_spread":0.26084701857648673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767130429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960233,0.00018046038,0.0014110819,0.0007944502,0.00030402708,0.0006082684,0.000024517096,0.00016687969,0.0004870201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951838,0.000102078484,0.0028249223,0.000032494725,0.00013745604,0.000102344464,0.00027373835,0.000056688754,0.0012864362],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810165,0.00024173205,0.00041297227,0.00058699696,0.00020883896,0.00044778097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886584,0.000030907326,0.00014732081,0.000649965,0.00012489648,0.00018107124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002975574,0.00040470506,0.0004208156,0.00016908647,0.00088730524,0.00048416964,0.00010942284,0.00017481623,0.000041069594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011905371,0.00023602817,0.00009457139,0.000030399731,0.000084525986,0.00063268817,0.00005050753,0.00005115539,0.00004521031],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005605106,0.00073797884,0.012398042,0.00019452651,0.0011178487,0.00010124812,0.009773409,0.00026312936,0.9228989,0.013649321,0.000008288832,0.03829678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003966466,0.0003766533,0.0059114043,0.00003570328,0.0003026992,0.00009123652,0.00013234714,0.008155681,0.9712624,0.0005206219,0.008863146,0.0003816492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012933805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040909134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.048363473,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006352815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002067254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9624949},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2774497796","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.7b04442","title":"Solar Photothermal Disinfection using Broadband-Light Absorbing Gold Nanoparticles and Carbon Black","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Nanorod; Nanomaterials; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle; Absorption (acoustics); Visible spectrum; Carbon fibers; Carbon black; Optoelectronics; Chemical engineering; Composite number; Composite material","score_opus":0.015737981035078445,"score_gpt":0.2634807471756587,"score_spread":0.24774276614058027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2774497796","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965714,0.00010547305,0.0002001604,0.00032454458,0.00020427264,0.00014652865,0.0000016431553,0.0001295677,0.0023163683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99704546,0.000038933813,0.0026701319,0.000027982182,0.000035630026,0.000011308806,6.056344e-7,0.000021127767,0.00014882938],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851435,0.00004112326,0.00020184446,0.00054821116,0.0002430126,0.0004514471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895483,0.000012904935,0.00018050315,0.00075441593,0.00000555279,0.00009180471],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048153856,0.0001661659,0.00015783201,0.0002626204,0.00077185465,0.00015428156,0.00054502167,0.00016004892,0.000060081224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007859247,0.00015875605,0.000027307196,0.0002002332,0.002755913,0.00049421797,0.00038108494,0.00017795329,0.000035746983],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056277686,0.000034404424,0.055967093,0.0000018469831,0.0000047701624,0.000004415126,0.00019446887,0.00013647466,0.9298521,0.00044295998,9.969492e-7,0.013354837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002740695,0.00005030501,0.054682545,0.000010519909,0.000014185969,0.00004541603,0.0002243436,0.004673789,0.93657154,0.0013347534,0.0019190917,0.0001994482],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003297308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024443008,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01315539,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023560914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016541064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2784259380","doi":"10.1115/imece2017-72679","title":"Tuning Superhydrophilic Nanostructured Surfaces to Maximize Water Droplet Evaporation Heat Transfer Performance","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Heat transfer; Evaporation; Heat exchanger; Superhydrophilicity; Condenser (optics); Nanoporous; Mass transfer; Wetting; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.03184976919786455,"score_gpt":0.27629244776271117,"score_spread":0.2444426785648466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2784259380","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98360646,0.000018016346,0.0041157315,0.0024471402,0.0008270606,0.00032703966,0.0000068466147,0.00021450373,0.008437221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852863,0.000014252094,0.009267387,0.00038831876,0.00015350002,0.000044113094,0.00007119873,0.000060230555,0.0047146836],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980488,0.0001695949,0.00040874456,0.00052411074,0.00034677907,0.0005019803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99832994,0.00002589184,0.000018156225,0.0013022565,0.00013742669,0.00018633479],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056288217,0.00029137125,0.00030819088,0.00013144196,0.0007599826,0.00038884292,0.0006480727,0.00017995363,0.0019928527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007290105,0.00020804262,0.00008598972,0.00007723963,0.000087880515,0.000774927,0.000085926076,0.00017654708,0.0005946655],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000114211376,0.00002094925,0.005626712,0.000025868574,0.00003588168,0.0000045251677,0.0024538075,0.0057612276,0.9802623,0.00069932087,0.00020665464,0.004788591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071715616,0.00008612999,0.023778811,0.000017137607,0.000022830876,0.000015105375,0.000070264134,0.008228861,0.9389687,0.00039683035,0.027276015,0.0004221668],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00090804783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020083226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041293558,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006511583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025881465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790243520","doi":"10.1002/9783527687596.ch6","title":"Bioinspired Microfluidic Cooling","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Fluidics; Flexibility (engineering); Wearable computer; Microfluidics; Engineering; Thermal management of electronic devices and systems; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Embedded system; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.028945141268408196,"score_gpt":0.2926463473016436,"score_spread":0.2637012060332354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2790243520","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000017144193,0.0022666373,0.012803211,0.000057005025,0.001393056,0.00017949507,0.00001354653,0.0012894962,0.9819804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000026930335,0.00030322335,0.06184954,0.00033629476,0.0012832459,0.000023186374,0.000098305194,0.0008974283,0.93518186],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985492,0.00016130305,0.00028862606,0.00049851043,0.00018334319,0.00031899585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872375,0.000038440397,0.00016833341,0.00091585994,0.000048553353,0.000105079554],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023630833,0.0003192821,0.00033899787,0.00036310902,0.000042936907,0.000049888687,0.00042404266,0.00056784734,0.071043104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000065556764,0.00028424666,0.00010934038,0.00022285368,0.00011412542,0.000024612578,0.00006619272,0.00012252855,0.021960327],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006291938,0.000017160359,0.00004303251,0.000026619813,0.00006826754,0.000003278289,0.000029170125,1.0957872e-7,0.007262272,0.002306071,0.9863946,0.0038431624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021929582,0.00001513899,0.000020541838,0.000060321643,0.000028796814,0.0000051757906,0.000011289282,0.000009364733,0.028436791,0.00018302741,0.9706624,0.00034783615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015739454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009699955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04908278,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044021835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005064562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791519332","doi":"10.1021/acsami.8b01629","title":"Macroporous Double-Network Hydrogel for High-Efficiency Solar Steam Generation Under 1 sun Illumination","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Solar energy; Chemical engineering; Optoelectronics; Composite material","score_opus":0.03508251474024472,"score_gpt":0.2930889500808934,"score_spread":0.2580064353406487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791519332","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95826197,0.0000930486,0.035228074,0.00019519933,0.002923619,0.0010700495,0.000054768774,0.0003349854,0.0018382837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978945,0.000024739667,0.016475799,0.00028416814,0.0023976646,0.00057443057,0.00039316824,0.00011787782,0.0007871356],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972843,0.0001363474,0.00084624905,0.00077084755,0.00032680112,0.00063545024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99837923,0.00010921322,0.00045197792,0.0006872211,0.00029436304,0.000077974626],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014078559,0.0004029309,0.00046194857,0.0001292369,0.0004391472,0.0003369888,0.0005195421,0.00032483487,0.0008474206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037382088,0.00037966843,0.000028851726,0.0002332821,0.0002340885,0.00024918417,0.00014224231,0.000098565986,0.00048702562],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033439358,0.000083343904,0.0000028325678,0.000032428852,0.00006729191,4.0031603e-7,0.00055155886,0.0017039505,0.90865606,0.0837052,0.0016140635,0.003248499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013076614,0.00019175495,0.000034574547,0.000016589218,0.000067100504,0.000005185622,0.00016540267,0.0000798876,0.97919345,0.015067579,0.003431881,0.00043892083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030530055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013746592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.070537426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015260385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049922084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986553},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791835606","doi":"10.1039/c8ee00220g","title":"A salt-rejecting floating solar still for low-cost desalination","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Environmental Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":930,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Toronto Public Health","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Solid-State Solar Thermal Energy Conversion, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Office of Science; Basic Energy Sciences; Abdul Latif Jameel Water and Food Systems Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Desalination; Salt (chemistry); Environmental science; Solar desalination; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.01962495891496221,"score_gpt":0.2828663391474843,"score_spread":0.26324138023252214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791835606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7668607,0.00005055267,0.22700955,0.00010406535,0.0008673192,0.00024860963,0.000015037574,0.00015325342,0.0046908944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9201115,0.000007794255,0.07847812,0.0002591495,0.00035132543,0.00006756098,0.00002649418,0.000037472186,0.00066059054],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99765575,0.00012113978,0.00035668738,0.00071267044,0.00053938036,0.00061437493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897176,0.00015817453,0.0001959031,0.00045769566,0.00003473119,0.00018174088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015016478,0.00020466221,0.00015315291,0.00016182022,0.00078128075,0.00012489746,0.00057379436,0.00008749643,0.0002405263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033546705,0.00020454517,0.000070626054,0.0004419637,0.00078317936,0.000640225,0.00017257831,0.000093683586,0.000116668794],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022084418,0.000078174206,0.0016657299,0.000004059108,0.000007579537,0.0000010218495,0.0011075373,0.00097002153,0.85427946,0.0060501923,0.00003969822,0.13577448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004327669,0.000099351266,0.0077479794,0.00001800922,0.00001181722,0.000009168377,0.00038066765,0.019744646,0.92584115,0.0010941591,0.044293217,0.00032703712],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002549661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005559722,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15325077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004399934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005200643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.834111},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792932223","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-809597-3.00427-2","title":"4.16 Solar Ponds","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.0282997530537777,"score_gpt":0.2752929258846797,"score_spread":0.246993172830902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792932223","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000033667813,0.00085428625,0.00016873321,0.00008142967,0.0015790738,0.00043264515,0.000046695634,0.00042001018,0.9963834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00021483625,0.000057326433,0.007321786,0.00084882654,0.0019885085,0.000067005516,0.00013291732,0.00038538018,0.9889834],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967876,0.00016066192,0.0008586029,0.0009926655,0.0006075232,0.0005929204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967853,0.00013369566,0.00047292068,0.0020152375,0.00030778287,0.00028508191],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082372554,0.000795405,0.000830734,0.00036468374,0.00020027228,0.00012727619,0.0008773798,0.0010569225,0.012575313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007874634,0.0007707791,0.000475102,0.000026134332,0.00034404427,0.00008109313,0.0002466479,0.0008261147,0.009607252],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026849853,0.000008534304,0.0000027024103,0.0000535181,0.00021810847,0.000025030395,0.00043065834,4.993558e-7,0.00031014663,0.038214326,0.0029812586,0.9577284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028287634,0.00006874642,0.0000067068536,0.00016561995,0.00014581812,0.000031592674,0.0000078382045,0.000004691143,0.0018006454,0.12061291,0.87612766,0.00074488495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000031341096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046532088,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9569835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002801161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016624772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99947435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793321802","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.031","title":"Investigation of hydrogen production performance of a reactor assisted by a solar pond via photoelectrochemical process","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Water splitting; Electrolysis of water; Hydrogen; Electrolysis; Materials science; Solar energy; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Catalysis; Electrode; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.017715829142619714,"score_gpt":0.2740393020505795,"score_spread":0.2563234729079598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2793321802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969527,0.00023321214,0.0016579522,0.00026938165,0.00046013636,0.00006419389,0.000011389984,0.000022359103,0.00032866417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99632496,0.00006592434,0.0026623406,0.00008855033,0.0006186148,0.000011222906,0.000060584818,0.00003933358,0.0001284974],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971751,0.00019175762,0.0011680442,0.00026663754,0.0009841094,0.00021435627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99589485,0.00006385821,0.0015735656,0.0002573004,0.002083935,0.00012646553],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006746986,0.0002069169,0.000365885,0.00040887066,0.000038368875,0.000017456097,0.000699591,0.00016076736,0.00012382798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030724914,0.00019248552,0.0001672722,0.00039944917,0.0002449552,0.0005158774,0.000045814893,0.00020030129,0.000004821521],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056019874,0.00013054663,0.0021170022,0.000022073245,0.00041231271,0.0000033335416,0.0005156178,0.00018932499,0.9903968,0.00011883544,0.00021630185,0.0053176633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006007719,0.00037777858,0.0003428785,0.00010220518,0.00006164011,0.00040367804,0.000027430648,0.0022732439,0.99118733,0.0014388473,0.00301947,0.00016473148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014178402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000145583745,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005152932,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017511331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002192572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78493315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794590999","doi":"10.1049/pbpo130e_ch6","title":"Solar–water desalination for small communities","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Institution of Engineering and Technology eBooks","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Geothermal desalination; Solar desalination; Solar energy; Environmental science; Water desalination; Environmental engineering; Low-temperature thermal desalination; Process engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.03255662743297834,"score_gpt":0.23987059234998326,"score_spread":0.20731396491700493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2794590999","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.049943473,0.0012698045,0.45653078,0.00043559013,0.0027148519,0.0019000376,0.0001751321,0.003241199,0.48378912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.71938545,0.000107813496,0.1232867,0.00005165485,0.000387206,0.00032502547,0.00036799986,0.00023099977,0.15585713],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914885,0.000009711363,0.0003741138,0.00019791948,0.00007548122,0.00019392105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906987,0.000058244583,0.000123706,0.00043402571,0.00028231397,0.000031847452],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026379284,0.00026259045,0.00033481666,0.0007250646,0.00011733529,0.000017659973,0.00022084673,0.00085269846,0.000025401569],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005075738,0.0002453516,0.00006726174,0.000018087068,0.00044769887,0.000034802295,0.00008389318,0.00030407746,0.0000112654025],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014743337,0.0000062808454,0.0000050973995,0.00017438516,0.000119968616,0.0000013091552,0.00027525183,0.00022897782,0.0073426994,0.978058,0.000021238222,0.01375207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058755936,0.00019477741,0.000004085211,0.00035369967,0.00011603427,0.000040199466,0.000046014822,0.0015340485,0.20269029,0.105591364,0.6883885,0.00045338305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025367488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036289734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8724666,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051327872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030840733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999999},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2795025602","doi":"10.1039/c8ta00187a","title":"A highly flexible and washable nonwoven photothermal cloth for efficient and practical solar steam generation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":230,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Materials science; Composite material; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.03662184103110701,"score_gpt":0.3169884736129898,"score_spread":0.2803666325818828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2795025602","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993575,0.00012210326,0.0049407985,0.00041842865,0.0003696621,0.00012779346,0.000027875381,0.00001914333,0.00039919195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9416794,0.000039798455,0.055556413,0.00012170077,0.0020350243,0.00001628191,0.00001105934,0.00003606575,0.00050421624],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882007,0.000104623185,0.00050583645,0.00018942762,0.00018028203,0.00019973943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892277,0.0001002596,0.0004328976,0.000169253,0.00025044163,0.00012437935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012651196,0.00014144508,0.00028348708,0.000033113043,0.00011102198,0.0001684967,0.000078798555,0.00014366503,0.00032259413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033147802,0.00011940316,0.000038806742,0.000045065684,0.000092368566,0.00015778802,0.000037609876,0.00008374061,0.0000051134975],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039883118,0.00007033334,0.000012276509,0.000087693545,0.000044928813,0.0000052791743,0.00019104136,0.000043518437,0.99758166,0.00008120419,0.0011492645,0.00033396782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001110483,0.00015207387,0.00006691217,0.000037931903,0.00005271303,0.0004170415,0.000053460713,0.00065049494,0.9775484,0.00016156342,0.0196206,0.00012828365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013839714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.004687e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051895563,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000443093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007897681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48691195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2795045151","doi":"10.1021/acsami.7b17488","title":"Fog Harvesting with Harps","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":222,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","keywords":"Polygon mesh; Clogging; Materials science; Drop (telecommunication); Environmental science; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.023404836145040627,"score_gpt":0.2703944350521397,"score_spread":0.2469895989070991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2795045151","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95676744,0.0000317421,0.0009042806,0.00015414291,0.00065466424,0.00027002319,0.000017900556,0.0004150365,0.040784754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9676312,0.0000060134716,0.029329877,0.0002783165,0.00058294117,0.00014005639,0.00002569377,0.00008903067,0.0019168276],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981631,0.00013338897,0.0004748518,0.0005424856,0.0002365539,0.00044961862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99877894,0.000104068546,0.00025767647,0.0006495574,0.00013239091,0.00007736658],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006544846,0.00030913955,0.00036553005,0.00009933065,0.00018568609,0.000373022,0.00049822393,0.00014215229,0.0020019312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007196901,0.0002452236,0.000010256091,0.00017515753,0.00026421342,0.00021547952,0.00015572134,0.00010287325,0.0017522506],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021496028,0.000027186194,0.000034376964,0.00002743146,0.000058742375,0.0000021621179,0.0008033331,0.000015869398,0.9826899,0.011317561,0.00040179578,0.004406672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004373807,0.0001194823,0.00032938848,0.00004347439,0.00003100684,0.000013798954,0.00021779553,7.663749e-7,0.9834458,0.0024081962,0.012626388,0.00032648462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004231709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000085340995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038867928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043231175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030457124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800928018","doi":"10.20944/preprints201805.0041.v1","title":"Energy-Based Performance Analysis of a Sustainable Farming Compartment with Evaporative Cooling System","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Relative humidity; Environmental science; Evaporative cooler; Abu dhabi; Air conditioning; Environmental engineering; Water cooling; Energy consumption; Hydrology (agriculture); Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.09601783557886165,"score_gpt":0.34414552754738653,"score_spread":0.24812769196852488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2800928018","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93890923,0.00008585443,0.04945122,0.000027761302,0.00021914697,0.00066589203,0.00003384079,0.0003244476,0.010282613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887576,0.00001116553,0.0087481085,0.000037761096,0.00010833561,0.00065601757,0.00036745693,0.000088565146,0.0012249699],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99502796,0.00086075446,0.0012093751,0.0014439989,0.0007890959,0.0006688159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99383974,0.00020479316,0.0015516613,0.0026914896,0.0015128925,0.0001994486],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021652877,0.00064128963,0.0014740885,0.0011511671,0.0002352278,0.00005285546,0.0009858954,0.00038533195,0.00042290465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001051707,0.0005923823,0.00039495295,0.0014743808,0.00027462852,0.00015167453,0.0009273643,0.0005360745,0.00009234474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006910308,0.00025202165,0.42049012,0.0014390285,0.0047610495,0.000031279425,0.0030127768,0.56014776,0.0015712628,0.0074116793,0.000008088933,0.00018389273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013567893,0.00014961998,0.16973464,0.0009875732,0.0047315764,0.0000058979795,0.003693806,0.33727512,0.4751296,0.00021851991,0.0052926363,0.0014242227],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025333061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000089567475,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47355834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000914109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057182496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99965274},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801417786","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2015-0019","title":"ANALYSES OF FREE CONVECTION FLOW OF AN INCLINED PLATE EMBEDDED IN A DOUBLE LAYER POROUS MEDIUM","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Applied Science Private University","keywords":"Materials science; Natural convection; Porous medium; Buoyancy; Permeability (electromagnetism); Heat transfer; Porosity; Condensation; Desalination; Composite material; Mass transfer; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Membrane","score_opus":0.06827874497166701,"score_gpt":0.31192033746966225,"score_spread":0.24364159249799522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2801417786","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28812197,0.00009966186,0.7087428,0.000646416,0.0011271636,0.00073834904,0.00030247908,0.00009441843,0.00012672026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8896453,0.000003139222,0.110164866,0.000022440141,0.000027830065,0.00003920754,0.000013963455,0.000029553832,0.00005371946],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888045,0.000040925595,0.0004839076,0.00016590332,0.00020186459,0.00022692548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891174,0.00009481732,0.00011511278,0.00048687172,0.00017918265,0.00021229807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069090154,0.00012775227,0.00031443904,0.00013047097,0.000045707737,0.000006637449,0.00036422405,0.00021620875,0.00003854392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011407178,0.000118502176,0.00032536587,0.0005139518,0.000039502305,0.00013239254,0.000007653581,0.00019633793,2.961945e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000090770736,0.00006559923,0.0000049427886,0.00010459319,0.0002454149,3.2279434e-7,0.0018776329,0.8180032,0.1768674,0.0018968505,0.0000381555,0.00080513343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018599585,0.00008610562,0.00006836203,0.000027094697,0.000119185104,0.0000034075586,0.00043654535,0.33705592,0.65879476,0.0011579362,0.00025862223,0.00013210262],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07708368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08581986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6015233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002574723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031371773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93086153},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2806453374","doi":"10.11159/ffhmt18.176","title":"Two-phase Airlift Pumps in Biological Systems","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Airlift; Phase (matter); Computer science; Environmental science; Chemistry; Bioreactor","score_opus":0.05874005580627399,"score_gpt":0.31524178669628844,"score_spread":0.25650173089001443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2806453374","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93376875,0.000056965633,0.0012379126,0.0019681812,0.00091989955,0.00033210206,0.000037209546,0.00005965207,0.061619345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977982,0.00008705912,0.0011868613,0.00021781404,0.00024270234,0.00006739025,0.00000865665,0.00001835893,0.00037295447],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984914,0.00003895768,0.00045909535,0.0003987329,0.00036717634,0.0002446572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921894,0.00006089406,0.00003260725,0.00012913685,0.00047608427,0.000082342645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056566036,0.00021355196,0.0002717132,0.00017510036,0.000069584035,0.000113071874,0.0006209089,0.00014114883,0.00028757728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000101939564,0.0001479306,0.00008343469,0.0001765974,0.000254317,0.0001942288,0.000050598355,0.00021680389,0.000026037533],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039571285,0.00012478951,0.0026664883,0.000025056836,0.00004423192,6.498209e-7,0.00052574294,0.000031911874,0.5773275,0.41736615,0.000094821145,0.0013969804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007851786,0.0009821737,0.0036288265,0.00067746086,0.00006201981,0.000044943845,0.0016061409,0.13142243,0.80789155,0.030378057,0.01459133,0.0008632929],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024342543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001555198,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38698807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000575824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034120614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6032434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2825560063","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1805912115","title":"Giant and explosive plasmonic bubbles by delayed nucleation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Microbubbles; Nucleation; Microsecond; Plasmon; Nanotechnology; Explosive material; Dynamics (music); Materials science; Physics; Chemistry; Optics; Optoelectronics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.04690446050473031,"score_gpt":0.3189986424760717,"score_spread":0.2720941819713414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2825560063","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888981,0.00012868289,0.000016152231,0.0026276086,0.000026188356,0.000118641256,0.000013155863,0.000020799967,0.008150677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841059,0.000039112652,0.015361512,0.00022381464,0.00006366574,0.000010133548,2.489246e-7,0.0000056847007,0.00018994413],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99862325,0.000015061946,0.00028243507,0.00023745304,0.0007122133,0.00012960684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991247,0.00012026416,0.00035373526,0.000008950944,0.00035759114,0.000034724922],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012697235,0.000084156134,0.0001119415,0.00012191963,0.00026461686,0.000033804903,0.00050836947,0.00008523183,0.00003347839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063919346,0.00005836226,0.00003241741,0.0005185747,0.0010627011,0.00051926624,0.000091888585,0.00010844917,0.0000045748047],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020648027,0.000021122325,0.00088281004,0.000013960347,0.000015344389,8.670956e-10,0.0006535526,0.000015236621,0.8921331,0.10282334,0.0018389814,0.0015819104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014747574,0.000062444116,0.012129719,0.000031689706,0.000009929619,0.0000043009036,0.00031116305,0.0020554273,0.8989951,0.08443745,0.0017410131,0.00007431025],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001730494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.482478e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018385885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000295529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017213059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39155665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2857245633","doi":"10.1039/c8ta04420a","title":"A cake making strategy to prepare reduced graphene oxide wrapped plant fiber sponges for high-efficiency solar steam generation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Graphene; Materials science; Oxide; Fiber; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.04208144374240403,"score_gpt":0.3098142684502502,"score_spread":0.26773282470784615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2857245633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954974,0.000065363354,0.002839585,0.00015546546,0.0007099009,0.0002601089,0.00014356032,0.000047006728,0.00028157406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9612189,0.000009447537,0.03589823,0.00007283106,0.002211131,0.000043647375,0.00006764886,0.000051472434,0.0004266782],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976874,0.00018803151,0.0010472808,0.00035166484,0.0003464896,0.000379114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979869,0.0000783478,0.0008171557,0.00041888602,0.0005395434,0.00015913656],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014638768,0.00026839433,0.00047552053,0.00010168454,0.00016346949,0.00020186327,0.0004084992,0.00021400332,0.0009095765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037615918,0.0002382331,0.00011370256,0.00016459933,0.000053415682,0.00019824723,0.000047924575,0.000096294425,0.000017469629],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006735081,0.00008402023,0.0000042846564,0.00010302235,0.00007089021,0.000012569831,0.00030651555,0.000811073,0.9955729,0.000071417104,0.0014637267,0.00082604215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076396856,0.000254836,0.00015448814,0.00010663691,0.00007311035,0.00020066588,0.00013432019,0.000054384836,0.9915774,0.00039353146,0.0060192244,0.00026741828],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026030777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007730147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034278523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001165645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015261535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99592245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2879369882","doi":"10.1007/s10973-018-7496-0","title":"Localized solar heating via graphene oxide nanofluid for direct steam generation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Suns in alchemy; Nanofluid; Materials science; Evaporation; Graphene; Light intensity; Intensity (physics); Oxide; Solar energy; Radiant intensity; Pyranometer; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Nanoparticle; Radiation; Chemical engineering; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Optics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.023202272654902434,"score_gpt":0.289430769563977,"score_spread":0.2662284969090746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2879369882","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.703885,0.0010497683,0.29429677,0.00006828323,0.00027419982,0.000058738136,0.000004466668,0.000014870254,0.0003478862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94741756,0.00006797567,0.05092988,0.00021328611,0.0011368055,0.0000048296292,0.0000122169795,0.000025562675,0.0001918771],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99804264,0.00036452524,0.00079696375,0.00023485618,0.00032322961,0.00023779421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983401,0.00016095034,0.0005492927,0.00025716366,0.00053626875,0.00015628165],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018218169,0.00018466075,0.00059260527,0.00053559674,0.00024317659,0.00008975604,0.00019588949,0.00012590432,0.00016621317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001904042,0.0001391305,0.000541475,0.000868903,0.00007901651,0.00024176724,0.00002861873,0.00013850658,0.0000046282717],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002943319,0.000103989216,0.010341999,0.000015224058,0.0028868623,0.0000036771758,0.00024282801,0.0015269442,0.93881583,0.00024466435,0.00021881874,0.045304835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013481977,0.0004513109,0.009926708,0.000019351073,0.0028984929,0.000020779655,0.00013456644,0.037592504,0.93690985,0.000666708,0.009691033,0.00034047445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038993912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053325326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24353254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005101917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029642404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5673577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883830104","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23315","title":"Research progress on novel solar steam generation system based on black nanomaterials","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Renewable energy; Solar energy; Environmental science; Process engineering; Desalination; Evaporation; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Materials science; Meteorology; Engineering; Chemistry; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.06073258703619883,"score_gpt":0.3004729216222056,"score_spread":0.2397403345860068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2883830104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921132,0.000056273486,0.0039678374,0.0009857289,0.0012460202,0.0002151124,0.000013247973,0.00004473832,0.0013578885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99378896,1.8529755e-7,0.004081029,0.00007772349,0.0019586633,0.000009555997,0.00000474242,0.000045944205,0.000033182743],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983789,0.00017544892,0.0004182095,0.0001556859,0.0004510033,0.00042080888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985012,0.00018989452,0.00012037421,0.0003763736,0.0004166673,0.00039552283],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024095138,0.00014820659,0.00020989942,0.0003327818,0.00014588004,0.00016279373,0.00046989127,0.00014361955,0.000076467426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045326873,0.00011036653,0.000068137946,0.00028441387,0.00016261925,0.000072958326,0.000010882291,0.00040681785,0.000053322354],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006725936,0.000022604296,0.000012615152,0.00005235098,0.000045878678,0.000024263594,0.00038324783,0.049317267,0.94153434,0.0067178314,0.0007173947,0.0011049265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036241068,0.00013802938,0.00004670078,0.00015347512,0.000011405666,0.00003864449,0.000020842768,0.086680286,0.90770304,0.000017511928,0.0047016833,0.00012599166],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037509284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000054964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03736302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00067532563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003824673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45006162},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885795537","doi":"10.4136/ambi-agua.2084","title":"Efficacy of a solar still in destroying virus and indicator bacteria in water for human consumption","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distilled water; Brackish water; Environmental science; Desalination; Microorganism; Solar still; Escherichia coli; Pulp and paper industry; Most probable number; Distillation; Portable water purification; Water disinfection; Raw water; Food science; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Biology; Bacteria; Salinity; Ecology; Chromatography; Engineering","score_opus":0.03653922796659866,"score_gpt":0.3678971502519759,"score_spread":0.33135792228537725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2885795537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99651146,0.000020057392,0.0026999868,0.000048498117,0.00026678026,0.00029246422,0.0000043719574,0.000010929058,0.00014544721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98322,0.0000059819267,0.016597161,0.000030813793,0.00009759342,0.000016523249,0.0000050689355,0.000020705109,0.0000061579385],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976631,0.00010873433,0.0009968372,0.0004286212,0.00035260178,0.0004501521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987321,0.0001009222,0.00046265638,0.00033665035,0.00018565494,0.00018200689],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031527882,0.00018946834,0.00038809353,0.0010186329,0.00025324512,0.00009056517,0.000683836,0.00009112913,0.000054024706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059900492,0.00015056934,0.000059198035,0.0004154656,0.0013205557,0.0006906178,0.00038759652,0.00027076542,0.000006972004],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008900211,0.000256725,0.0069659255,0.000026444106,0.000010920141,0.000007314714,0.016580425,0.00006827959,0.9708432,0.00068668684,0.00000598374,0.0036580805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002708217,0.00096862996,0.22737695,0.00021055272,0.000021631748,0.00006197865,0.0013588475,0.00061619893,0.7600668,0.0062905387,0.000081732884,0.00023792947],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003635465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013285757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22041103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014934565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008090752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61400396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888004421","doi":"10.1115/1.4041185","title":"Effect of Moisture Transfer Through a Semipermeable Membrane on Condensation/Frosting Limit","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Semipermeable membrane; Frost (temperature); Condensation; Membrane; Moisture; Humidity; Chemistry; Relative humidity; Materials science; Chromatography; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.02516307616170691,"score_gpt":0.3011931549076762,"score_spread":0.27603007874596924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2888004421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96376765,0.0002973164,0.025075903,0.00067987526,0.00073064753,0.0002531126,0.000016096563,0.000040464784,0.009138928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99640566,0.000071525974,0.002238692,0.000397003,0.0005854482,0.000007346005,0.0000053965036,0.0000617329,0.00022721002],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99698126,0.000793391,0.0009846666,0.000255672,0.00064152625,0.00034348635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821484,0.0007962633,0.000038328137,0.00036334636,0.0004567737,0.0001304538],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017182032,0.0003002595,0.0007039612,0.0001926793,0.00013383156,0.00003950265,0.00032259536,0.00025958932,0.00076234766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002049971,0.0002219063,0.00037813804,0.0003403998,0.0001725351,0.00034298588,0.0000057566035,0.00053288136,0.000039633982],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023313605,0.00019150772,0.0009495713,0.00026007186,0.00033386404,0.00003330888,0.0054158056,0.002861843,0.9813429,0.0029155018,0.00030568978,0.0030585567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030409626,0.0027418004,0.0009618475,0.00028357614,0.0002286835,0.00015976101,0.00009069716,0.00017620127,0.98441833,0.0003577784,0.007323904,0.00021645117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010589617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000313965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03263799,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000838799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000078085315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90490764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889869151","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.16.01.008","title":"Towards Solar Pond Design and Development for Masdar City Environment","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Architectural engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Environmental planning; Materials science; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.022754558853252126,"score_gpt":0.23497329531980687,"score_spread":0.21221873646655476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889869151","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5898339,0.0002495106,0.40926728,0.00013435903,0.0003576319,0.00007939655,0.0000067265446,0.0000088701845,0.00006231126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.78663945,0.00006739545,0.21288489,0.00005403787,0.0002624938,0.0000053418726,0.0000048964116,0.000017853952,0.00006364072],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991949,0.00002413783,0.0002894092,0.00012539109,0.00023360514,0.00013256352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996712,0.000051120453,0.00011085756,0.000060897954,0.000012902663,0.00009302454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038680108,0.00012738767,0.00012484049,0.00008575786,0.000046851423,0.00003764403,0.00016711986,0.000049816827,0.00022538498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019226074,0.00011337243,0.000037803293,0.000010429695,0.000058650265,0.00017188655,0.0000789377,0.00008745572,0.000007196834],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005030014,0.00015933481,0.0025200965,0.000019794414,0.0006945965,0.000028169998,0.0024936427,0.036833555,0.5951442,0.00038345385,0.00004667194,0.36117348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031592797,0.00054004014,0.1094545,0.000071335235,0.00007134384,0.00052005006,0.0003075566,0.034173075,0.6641834,0.0005373616,0.18631916,0.000662914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000500875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.7861413e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36051056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011925024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000103946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46231934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900660545","doi":"10.25071/10315/35290","title":"Analysis Of Thermal Losses In Air-Water Interfacial Solar Heating Systems","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal; Materials science; Environmental science; Water heating; Solar water heating; Nuclear engineering; Engineering physics; Solar energy; Meteorology; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Waste management","score_opus":0.016652371136069086,"score_gpt":0.2707994044752924,"score_spread":0.2541470333392233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900660545","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99303997,0.00030511135,0.0052809664,0.00010892391,0.0005751783,0.00022232161,0.000015151721,0.00007125213,0.0003811246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953246,0.0000016472914,0.0043746736,0.00003183414,0.00013033731,0.00006976902,0.000015844951,0.000038590544,0.000012721375],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99804103,0.000134834,0.0006116025,0.00033271016,0.00019095608,0.00068888324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913734,0.000075264106,0.00005456131,0.00034825393,0.00007870535,0.00030589994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00101998,0.00018796063,0.00044432262,0.0012013103,0.00003180177,0.000029737032,0.0003323095,0.00019289706,0.00023417041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021103224,0.00017541107,0.000084758845,0.0010313824,0.000047207894,0.00011815443,0.000051991938,0.00025577642,0.000016162869],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000104566454,0.00015098414,0.23385163,0.00036704357,0.0011820099,0.0001825272,0.004646333,0.6697288,0.031415515,0.022175882,0.000005500502,0.036189202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038824926,0.00007353992,0.02099031,0.00013343467,0.00009633466,0.000004138714,0.00011178608,0.90689284,0.06931185,0.000060493338,0.0015351211,0.00040190894],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15345225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17520654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23716402,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003940222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008921876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.852185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902903122","doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-07494-2","title":"Contactless steam generation and superheating under one sun illumination","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":318,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; Abdul Latif Jameel Water and Food Systems Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Solid-State Solar Thermal Energy Conversion, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Superheating; Fouling; Superheated steam; Solar energy; Boiling; Boiling point; Materials science; Desalination; Evaporation; Thermal energy; Heat transfer; Thermal conduction; Thermal; Vapor-compression evaporation; Nuclear engineering; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.07598564923690812,"score_gpt":0.3539696400743175,"score_spread":0.27798399083740943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2902903122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84277785,0.01049404,0.0325992,0.018668367,0.0013189524,0.0010990651,0.000054209693,0.00078440865,0.09220392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9257068,0.00028341005,0.07205425,0.0007950679,0.0003152569,0.000060641494,0.00031705637,0.0000335211,0.00043395828],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984593,0.0005282128,0.00032756155,0.000281273,0.00021164078,0.00019204685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972993,0.0003232859,0.00012878537,0.0016394147,0.0005279962,0.000081185186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066144456,0.0001502498,0.00016584815,0.00015406465,0.000653623,0.00010614959,0.0005834047,0.00037129788,0.00010840929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038480802,0.00015886252,0.000036765072,0.0003528694,0.00028664208,0.00032203918,0.00020498455,0.0005955953,0.00005723766],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018977807,0.00026380565,0.0039342213,0.000014515278,0.000111149406,2.552856e-7,0.0039672386,0.00003068126,0.257625,0.68334454,0.0013097445,0.04937988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031995168,0.00034782573,0.21063493,0.00015329469,0.00032273968,0.00005791739,0.0044148504,0.054248452,0.24101757,0.015976643,0.46787852,0.0017477447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015881285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017844117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6673679,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011107907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004657378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64782256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2903808278","doi":"10.1002/ceat.201800260","title":"Performance Characteristics of a Suspended‐Catalyst Oscillatory Membrane Photocatalytic Reactor","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering & Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Catalysis; Membrane; Membrane reactor; Filtration (mathematics); Chemical engineering; Photocatalysis; Sedimentation; Materials science; Suspension (topology); Mixing (physics); Reaction rate; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.01061318673801509,"score_gpt":0.22859116997119522,"score_spread":0.21797798323318013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2903808278","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965143,0.000038410082,0.0009225653,0.00006706371,0.00028708493,0.00009696867,0.000007287458,0.0005535426,0.0015127587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906605,0.000011617328,0.008980766,0.000015330568,0.00014434927,0.00003802283,0.000030229667,0.000052356398,0.000066867266],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875623,0.000007910007,0.00041593512,0.00032416618,0.00014976528,0.00034598677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988468,0.00006760372,0.00012704972,0.0007580367,0.00012351107,0.00007696415],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017271857,0.00019752058,0.00032823574,0.00028303027,0.000022465445,0.000007611838,0.0004915563,0.00038888244,0.00015517685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005076081,0.00021179848,0.000060348488,0.00056037743,0.00030399457,0.000070311835,0.0001319448,0.0003064038,0.00012850565],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020475736,0.00002932899,0.00037017735,0.00010380996,0.000039235507,0.000002706066,0.00006898207,0.000018530636,0.9935319,0.0028017422,0.000027156659,0.0029859524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022223068,0.000048050773,0.0002801868,0.000043453958,0.000023082248,0.000039145085,0.00000861088,0.0068083364,0.98380256,0.00008187595,0.008436159,0.00020628757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011399174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9477064e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009729322,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000787161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032669872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8636891},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921197010","doi":"10.1002/adsu.201900003","title":"Biomimetic Superstructures Assembled from Au Nanostars and Nanospheres for Efficient Solar Evaporation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Plasmon; Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle; Nanophotonics; Absorption (acoustics); Evaporation; Photothermal therapy; Template; Photonics; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.00790007021151153,"score_gpt":0.25329791374123267,"score_spread":0.24539784352972113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2921197010","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9719153,0.0023948178,0.020464996,0.00007349904,0.0013843058,0.0023813162,0.000028885777,0.000192055,0.0011648095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865977,0.000014566364,0.008583775,0.00003647557,0.00013022506,0.00029943278,0.00012917668,0.000085079395,0.0041235723],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997341,0.00034461555,0.00055260875,0.0007346155,0.0003096172,0.00071756274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793917,0.00048214468,0.00025842118,0.00070840784,0.00046248376,0.00014940173],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006672511,0.00033365097,0.0004974774,0.00015207214,0.00029361938,0.00020786193,0.00025015432,0.00023151221,0.000046874055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040199715,0.00030732233,0.00009303222,0.0003329302,0.00004741155,0.00036333324,0.00006893999,0.000121483565,0.00003274897],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00072111824,0.0001049165,0.0061316635,0.0014600515,0.00028603157,0.000021441338,0.0045113764,0.28632078,0.5990613,0.09515768,0.0003006298,0.0059229867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012694087,0.0010451569,0.006665192,0.00037047328,0.00031094588,0.000035790195,0.10688742,0.104946405,0.44868392,0.02892344,0.286719,0.0027181518],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00491196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006101479,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28641838,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046491684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019119598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999379},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2924685172","doi":"10.1039/c9ta00843h","title":"Simultaneously achieving thermal insulation and rapid water transport in sugarcane stems for efficient solar steam generation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Thermal insulation; Thermal; Environmental science; Engineering; Waste management; Materials science; Composite material; Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.017596738884091967,"score_gpt":0.25181204232177024,"score_spread":0.23421530343767827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2924685172","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99833107,0.000095722164,0.00069083273,0.00011839993,0.000424239,0.00023699018,0.000013785973,0.000013000114,0.00007594626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99729055,0.000017210561,0.0019384836,0.00002438447,0.00047842728,0.000009534456,0.000055003773,0.00003081686,0.0001555974],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984508,0.00013559141,0.0007976066,0.00018973355,0.00021037059,0.00021585787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992045,0.00008412714,0.00032650228,0.00017376021,0.00014668876,0.00006442912],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015427028,0.00015855838,0.00035080785,0.000061011608,0.000036848476,0.00006070885,0.00012990151,0.00015818169,0.0003393431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006392927,0.00012111253,0.000059573013,0.00004370626,0.000020466123,0.00013698767,0.000013906424,0.00011279063,0.0000042591982],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035130163,0.00005860839,0.0004176092,0.00017573567,0.000026504584,0.0000082105435,0.00089405896,0.03790217,0.9592683,0.0000053363947,0.000002025322,0.0008901745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014870961,0.00006875916,0.0018751657,0.000058910573,0.00002489225,0.00007510328,0.0000909641,0.0018818129,0.9930242,0.000015019191,0.001247913,0.00015016986],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017813472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.933628e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036020357,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077110686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003851714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49388254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2928297784","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2019.03.005","title":"Prediction of water velocities in circular aquaculture tanks using an axisymmetric CFD model","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aquacultural Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Rotational symmetry; Aquaculture; Marine engineering; Mechanics; Environmental science; Engineering; Fishery; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Physics; Biology","score_opus":0.041239845920762776,"score_gpt":0.24903156519789368,"score_spread":0.20779171927713092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2928297784","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807752,0.00015976213,0.01782633,0.00002184066,0.00035824685,0.00022706918,0.000017191254,0.00017250923,0.0004418953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97366357,0.000009774939,0.025723327,0.000019809622,0.00007631435,0.000015573789,0.000129763,0.000048669393,0.00031320224],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984054,0.00006508273,0.00047943604,0.0003582158,0.00029596407,0.00039588002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993535,0.00002584939,0.0000708145,0.00035602393,0.00011002869,0.00008376161],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033077874,0.0002612689,0.0003403585,0.00033736698,0.000034048742,0.000042421158,0.00023817961,0.00023677385,0.00007800169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051946223,0.00019715095,0.00010048834,0.0005026997,0.000019669564,0.0007097697,0.00004514775,0.0002861252,0.000027910106],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000592148,0.000019399524,0.00044108502,0.000054103064,0.000021697406,0.0000013583491,0.0019547096,0.5663677,0.42998797,0.0008344762,0.000002806139,0.0003088048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005066589,0.00003539511,0.003002311,0.000042220316,0.000021926415,0.000015518672,0.00044920156,0.8466542,0.14832067,0.00022281142,0.00046015054,0.0002689672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041129315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006377965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2816673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018018606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015575099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80395824},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2947660595","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2019.05.001","title":"Design and analysis of a novel solar-wind based integrated energy system utilizing ammonia for energy storage","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Renewable energy; Process engineering; Wind power; Energy storage; Solar energy; Exergy; Desalination; Concentrated solar power; Exergy efficiency; Photovoltaic system; Energy recovery; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Energy (signal processing); Power (physics); Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.02542383316116065,"score_gpt":0.2464763692440855,"score_spread":0.22105253608292486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2947660595","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0145014115,0.0002894273,0.9825207,0.000076947115,0.00033448427,0.00021048792,0.000019522893,0.00012382586,0.0019232102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9272109,0.00021311335,0.0678407,0.00044351016,0.000019744339,0.000076063116,0.00022932021,0.000051855735,0.00391474],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99788326,0.00030021108,0.00049866294,0.0006854768,0.0002937282,0.0003386604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985637,0.00027794766,0.0002943469,0.00056822057,0.00014099061,0.00015481266],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006685319,0.0003220322,0.00059941225,0.0009794617,0.00012564045,0.00006913596,0.0002438406,0.00016695524,0.000087995235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013882496,0.00030216077,0.0001722968,0.0008204585,0.000066259934,0.00014014957,0.00014206156,0.000056101253,0.0000014290321],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015321524,0.00050063466,0.00079504756,0.0010771826,0.0063833375,0.00002769941,0.00048701456,0.1377289,0.04008472,0.7385946,0.0013294552,0.07145929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030043935,0.0001396397,0.00050666445,0.000105021034,0.000996871,0.0000014872494,0.00092012994,0.81429166,0.024738483,0.000048620797,0.15486644,0.00038059388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017991358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006884679,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91468,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012768102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031088723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999431},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2953719859","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aaw5484","title":"Architecting highly hydratable polymer networks to tune the water state for solar water purification","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Advances","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1052,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"Lockheed Martin Corporation; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","keywords":"Vaporization; Portable water purification; Materials science; Polyvinyl alcohol; Distillation; Chemical engineering; Evaporation; Purified water; Polymer; Solar energy; Water vapor; Solar still; Environmental science; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Desalination; Organic chemistry; Meteorology; Composite material","score_opus":0.01465709894296324,"score_gpt":0.28611055913414585,"score_spread":0.2714534601911826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2953719859","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8229862,0.00044009235,0.1643622,0.0058229403,0.0026656124,0.00132095,0.000008749448,0.00022396266,0.0021692954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9704537,0.0000096388385,0.018108275,0.0007258097,0.00019828026,0.00023307471,0.000020310998,0.00003630756,0.010214634],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974077,0.0001262027,0.00036166012,0.0007091946,0.0004290048,0.00096624915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986046,0.00016608933,0.00007990848,0.00083085784,0.0001836433,0.00013490181],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002614623,0.00019568793,0.00018573455,0.00017588925,0.0006952243,0.00029549655,0.0009795428,0.00004116455,0.00009721602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000093183575,0.000090805974,0.000061364255,0.000512218,0.00025894167,0.0011479212,0.00014726791,0.00016153585,0.00047250316],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005005866,0.000016425283,0.0003885707,0.0000113485185,0.000006622448,2.4990214e-7,0.0024138885,0.08387574,0.8513164,0.0005706561,0.000022582171,0.061327476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016716274,0.00006233639,0.00023343583,0.0000110186475,0.000006017237,0.0000026973414,0.00024348871,0.0035056178,0.88132113,0.0030525462,0.111190565,0.00020400588],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011813683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036955065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14746748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000633602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038112325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.607323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2964910153","doi":"10.3808/jeil.201900008","title":"Feasibility of Saline Gradient Solar Ponds as Thermal Energy Sources in Saskatchewan, Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Informatics Letters","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"University of Regina; Langley Research Center; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Environmental science; Salinity; Hydrology (agriculture); Solar pond; Soil salinity; Solar energy; Saline water; Environmental engineering; Geology; Soil science; Ecology; Soil water; Oceanography; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.008753119148205096,"score_gpt":0.21726610095436347,"score_spread":0.20851298180615838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2964910153","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99814683,0.00007089881,0.00038778322,0.00043046376,0.00032393524,0.00009396442,0.0000208698,0.000004480892,0.00052076357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932002,0.000015995884,0.0044379476,0.00212627,0.000049892722,0.0000015985764,0.000015979684,0.000020585603,0.00013155583],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99735284,0.00016861508,0.0014420158,0.00009296345,0.00065804203,0.00028555302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983418,0.00012334429,0.0010237492,0.0003604487,0.00001561219,0.00013507227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007488791,0.00020400759,0.0004150256,0.00018595399,0.000029376486,0.000020978694,0.00039439864,0.000082147,0.00046611202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026133639,0.00017649861,0.00014306692,0.00011688133,0.000093666524,0.00043000153,0.000076801334,0.0003050417,0.00001160494],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050681544,0.00050164055,0.2640301,0.00015011663,0.00031057303,0.000055684457,0.01602356,0.10553382,0.60298395,0.00019188906,0.0010033448,0.008708487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009040951,0.0009477084,0.52374136,0.0002830526,0.00017895582,0.00048374909,0.056453,0.005590721,0.3602501,0.0004868327,0.04101996,0.0015236483],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026770616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016115248,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25971124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061217364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001324373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9797102},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2967224730","doi":"10.1021/acsami.9b10076","title":"Recyclable Polydopamine-Functionalized Sponge for High-Efficiency Clean Water Generation with Dual-Purpose Solar Evaporation and Contaminant Adsorption","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Desalination; Adsorption; Materials science; Evaporation; Environmentally friendly; Seawater; Water treatment; Photothermal therapy; Chemical engineering; Clean water; Nanotechnology; Environmental science; Process engineering; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.018473505815861452,"score_gpt":0.24458334185076047,"score_spread":0.226109836034899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2967224730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878778,0.0000582783,0.008608082,0.0002055553,0.0009983873,0.0016167026,0.00006392208,0.00016670281,0.00040459668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899053,0.00003307064,0.005688574,0.0001252395,0.00028913983,0.00057899073,0.00097577943,0.000086213826,0.0023176977],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997753,0.0001908079,0.0006373501,0.0007195164,0.0002848979,0.00041440342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988946,0.00008901568,0.0002889737,0.00045988878,0.00020437616,0.000063145795],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011352518,0.00036313527,0.00046789457,0.00016140143,0.00017374023,0.00033448215,0.00015398201,0.00021667198,0.0010086988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029149054,0.00026199364,0.000016666789,0.00010053908,0.000079084806,0.00042761985,0.00007107081,0.00008910919,0.00025844053],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013025308,0.00007677053,0.000027925804,0.0000805597,0.00005585063,8.107446e-7,0.00059839,0.00043735877,0.981967,0.012226762,0.00008789666,0.0031381988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021875813,0.00042107684,0.00019398009,0.00002842588,0.0000790655,0.000020024978,0.0002821344,0.0001157191,0.9929334,0.0011709775,0.0021653022,0.0004023458],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025726281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005568703,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011055784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009382293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032014785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970997709","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114279","title":"Optimum conditions for high distillation partition performance: Comparative studies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Distillation; Multiple-effect distillation; Work (physics); Efficient energy use; Process engineering; Materials science; Environmental science; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Fractional distillation; Chromatography; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.03805301985495695,"score_gpt":0.29789176009960927,"score_spread":0.2598387402446523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2970997709","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97346413,0.00005835003,0.021679727,0.000035427456,0.00037469168,0.0005425518,0.000017417937,0.00024231587,0.0035853796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98513967,0.0000075249864,0.013873332,0.000025297039,0.00015056845,0.00043133146,0.00017040539,0.000031743784,0.00017013703],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992311,0.000014564605,0.00022420805,0.00020821799,0.00010670028,0.00021519726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994409,0.00018302287,0.00006903542,0.00019937266,0.00006956727,0.000038083672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016573936,0.00015636269,0.00022139154,0.00007026175,0.000082121616,0.000022093234,0.00008662524,0.000063007705,0.00013708677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000084966705,0.00015217708,0.00003882185,0.00012174076,0.000022828632,0.00014141505,0.000020874713,0.00009075024,0.00018579495],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003828173,0.000015852136,0.000111862435,0.00007876159,0.000112292575,9.920067e-8,0.0008794494,0.7034476,0.17464942,0.119267724,0.000035642563,0.0013630157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028582858,0.00018120937,0.051950652,0.00007798449,0.0001281508,0.000003778454,0.00101828,0.35725728,0.5700777,0.0034034143,0.012009705,0.0010335335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000036192775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.1560955e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39542833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007144466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007908845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6205601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981382972","doi":"","title":"Experimental investigation on the thermal conductivity of Triethylene Glycol-Water-CuO nanofluids as a desiccant for dehydration process","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of nanodimension.","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Triethylene glycol; Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Chemical engineering; Atmospheric temperature range; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Thermodynamics; Polymer chemistry","score_opus":0.08393276594257043,"score_gpt":0.3287795313773977,"score_spread":0.24484676543482725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981382972","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864634,0.00012705848,0.002522521,0.009170983,0.0010756674,0.00034022704,0.000012041582,0.000021452419,0.00026664406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942908,0.000005232641,0.0033426112,0.0016906918,0.00053216517,0.00003616767,0.000020640142,0.00003071334,0.000050951323],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99761707,0.00035675027,0.00079505873,0.00022250593,0.00084065716,0.00016797105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974427,0.0003896038,0.00065179367,0.00016196666,0.0012284098,0.0001255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009323694,0.00018965789,0.0002817283,0.00014594803,0.00010254842,0.000059073045,0.0005141827,0.00010305243,0.00020743557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008030921,0.000119195036,0.00019049957,0.0001415248,0.00012600946,0.00041519833,0.00004878224,0.00019442377,0.000020697764],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00152026,0.0001489634,0.00013757075,0.00000959232,0.00017449264,0.000009173028,0.0036741712,0.002765243,0.9857191,0.004419255,0.0005597404,0.0008624405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015191877,0.00077324983,0.00017658457,0.00006111748,0.000034202036,0.00004306288,0.00049632695,0.0010710482,0.9904079,0.002809338,0.0024753776,0.00013263099],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038049086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.2871744e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007827422,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012895679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019883076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48606327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2982040875","doi":"10.1002/anie.201913022","title":"Hybrid Plasmonic–Aerogel Materials as Optical Superheaters with Engineered Resonances","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; H2020 European Research Council; Technische Universität Dresden; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China; National Science and Technology Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Volkswagen Foundation","keywords":"Aerogel; Plasmon; Materials science; Thermal insulation; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.011554973510666738,"score_gpt":0.2523545467999134,"score_spread":0.2407995732892467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2982040875","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9688728,0.000042368483,0.0019371248,0.0012925597,0.0025752995,0.00021878042,0.0001247368,0.00020186945,0.024734478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989374,0.000042746477,0.0056310263,0.00032694673,0.0008974275,0.000108167245,0.00129681,0.00005225005,0.002270666],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982779,0.00004455045,0.0003587885,0.0004576286,0.00057251204,0.0002886091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909115,0.00014491483,0.00011454854,0.00032025474,0.00022471453,0.00010438956],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028084172,0.0002408635,0.00023939881,0.00013441248,0.000048966565,0.00013825929,0.0003450357,0.00011692994,0.003646211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012327883,0.00021166427,0.00006766363,0.00009772558,0.000072923845,0.0005234575,0.000048820115,0.00015957178,0.0008477591],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005499432,0.00011283115,0.0005296399,0.000035312314,0.00020380002,0.00003578471,0.0002929278,0.0003706553,0.97872597,0.013921316,0.004216211,0.0010056233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009812446,0.00008725252,0.0012673524,0.00007784135,0.00002089425,0.000099888224,0.00008704633,0.00005612886,0.96039826,0.0013943875,0.03526328,0.0002664236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014290944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005716582,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03104707,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001801563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054342185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2986879702","doi":"10.3390/pr7110823","title":"Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Sustainable Farming Compartment with Evaporative Cooling System","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Evaporative cooler; Relative humidity; Environmental science; Inlet; Water cooling; Wastewater; Humidity; Waste heat; Environmental engineering; Heat exchanger; Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01731398028165984,"score_gpt":0.2933028671744689,"score_spread":0.2759888868928091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2986879702","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9741842,0.0015756148,0.021194957,0.000013643187,0.000019235782,0.00027367476,0.0000035664848,0.000068744615,0.0026663353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99321437,0.000002501245,0.0063719535,0.000011748976,0.000009779057,0.00006850985,0.000016593465,0.000014295211,0.0002902453],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906284,0.0000816272,0.0002224166,0.00026035745,0.0001923326,0.000180428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992135,0.000115170755,0.00017132705,0.00017555074,0.00027194628,0.00005247147],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018401213,0.00012174031,0.0003597317,0.00017724665,0.000058882208,0.00004072031,0.00009081253,0.000031409334,0.000053193533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003258884,0.00009500638,0.000026902995,0.0009717076,0.00004245201,0.00016257224,0.000038545048,0.00004724905,0.0000053606936],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0038569765,0.0017477884,0.49248362,0.01764822,0.010966061,0.00011942439,0.11671711,0.15506104,0.08312405,0.11675767,0.00005809535,0.0014599629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015723753,0.0005614904,0.0046336264,0.00016353941,0.001054621,0.00002017713,0.1456034,0.033545755,0.8080869,0.00007332091,0.004118704,0.0005661242],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002526903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034157263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72496283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007643414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007028234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38742474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009619317","doi":"10.13031/trans.13559","title":"Surface Covers Affect Liquid Manure Temperature, Albedo, and Evaporation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the ASABE","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Manure; Liquid manure; Evaporation; Environmental science; Straw; Aeration; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Agronomy; Meteorology","score_opus":0.025773633961439266,"score_gpt":0.26887605013231264,"score_spread":0.24310241617087336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3009619317","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96831495,0.0002780062,0.02039057,0.0078283325,0.00040624203,0.0003941707,0.000048721646,0.00014013817,0.0021988824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951339,0.000043019216,0.0035725918,0.00035067028,0.000038918664,0.000008405434,0.000008549688,0.00002383089,0.0008201668],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999014,0.00025160835,0.00020791366,0.00021864747,0.0001819607,0.00012585366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993136,0.00010684291,0.00008828899,0.00035536874,0.000060463633,0.00007546592],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019952936,0.00013087952,0.00016698791,0.000025463043,0.00014065881,0.000029095727,0.0002126281,0.00011335469,0.00020705014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005061566,0.000102975726,0.00009923623,0.0003234106,0.00008611171,0.00018789066,0.000008260713,0.0002181672,0.000023291137],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045050494,0.000087759974,0.00032439496,0.000099035315,0.00018770194,0.000001004581,0.0032577547,0.09647612,0.89413077,0.0020556527,0.001303522,0.001625763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008107978,0.00025669893,0.0023327123,0.000027244416,0.00015174573,0.000009203318,0.00038089152,0.0022445181,0.9837208,0.0004493838,0.009377169,0.00023884294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012980441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003070979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.094231606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023187798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031892338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41992283},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3011874693","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ab7fcd","title":"A highly sensitive double-layer structured nanodevice for moisture induced power generation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nanotechnology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Graphene; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Atomic layer deposition; Energy harvesting; Layer (electronics); Power (physics)","score_opus":0.06245012953198731,"score_gpt":0.30299092878887246,"score_spread":0.24054079925688515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3011874693","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9198794,0.00010854833,0.057632904,0.018988887,0.00089472823,0.0008807171,0.000040132047,0.0009955888,0.0005791116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9485696,0.000004420522,0.04754763,0.0030736101,0.0003051106,0.00015606284,0.00011689185,0.000074333344,0.00015232731],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99805814,0.00014179328,0.00042590784,0.00074198964,0.00020168368,0.00043051306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986925,0.00008563728,0.00021211428,0.0005709118,0.00033096166,0.000107870765],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020492547,0.00030980146,0.00040672833,0.000182742,0.00016387021,0.00004701744,0.00037112346,0.001123373,0.000054612447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003542623,0.0002956084,0.000116983676,0.00058316684,0.00007532386,0.00014017864,0.000097613796,0.0004558277,0.00009703392],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022403448,0.00001903824,0.000025240863,0.000010290721,0.00007462303,0.000008347402,0.0008813393,0.00020290463,0.90845233,0.0835885,0.0008857409,0.0056275916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018874398,0.00020698004,0.00009666521,0.000004021886,0.000040167142,0.000020084293,0.00017043001,0.0014870734,0.89931804,0.0016657733,0.09478778,0.00031555392],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011330697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001314426,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09390203,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010145587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000081402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015216252","doi":"","title":"The thermal regulation issue in solar photobioreactors: mastering and decreasing energy needs","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nutrasource","funders":"","keywords":"Photobioreactor; Thermal; Solar energy; Energy (signal processing); Environmental science; Environmental economics; Engineering physics; Computer science; Meteorology; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Economics; Physics; Waste management","score_opus":0.019588845993332993,"score_gpt":0.24900808876423478,"score_spread":0.22941924277090178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3015216252","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74939203,0.004611992,0.08724468,0.012993882,0.0010646473,0.00086500327,0.000033147575,0.0005091561,0.14328542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9559478,0.00090521516,0.034421507,0.000055828757,0.00008986969,0.00012219489,0.0002903201,0.000099150675,0.0080681145],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99065906,0.0070920535,0.0006914877,0.00071424805,0.00038311095,0.00046005918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99343306,0.0016452696,0.0007952532,0.0031593048,0.00079829857,0.00016880558],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0075469245,0.0004139245,0.0004033798,0.0003127438,0.0007980732,0.0012900387,0.0014493649,0.00045345465,0.000093140006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019043055,0.00037886816,0.00013880135,0.0002351333,0.0003669061,0.00027968083,0.0013684293,0.00065944035,0.000014005007],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001022118,0.00031913628,0.013528515,0.00018430078,0.00018820977,0.000009628719,0.028809268,0.0005149423,0.062344622,0.117328316,0.0002410279,0.77642983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017805011,0.0000011991862,0.10451368,0.0036345986,0.00012519263,0.00004289482,0.00087428035,0.06902316,0.4405214,0.038218345,0.33950207,0.0017626995],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010614347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0045228535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77466714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001757893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016406974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015737013","doi":"10.5004/dwt.2020.25105","title":"Performance of bubble column humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination system","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination and Water Treatment","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Airflow; Volumetric flow rate; Bubble; Environmental science; Water desalination; Water column; Environmental engineering; Production rate; Column (typography); Materials science; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Process engineering; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geology; Membrane","score_opus":0.041332123216112876,"score_gpt":0.26204279987835255,"score_spread":0.22071067666223967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3015737013","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875499,0.00015801666,0.0068962527,0.0017945279,0.000162223,0.00062606117,0.000020535901,0.0002881375,0.002504369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99259025,0.00012733148,0.0059022726,0.00009611574,0.000102738,0.00019932027,0.00049243495,0.00003862906,0.00045093766],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817204,0.00024394195,0.00061911135,0.00044648963,0.0002882814,0.00023014013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989117,0.000059148824,0.0002265807,0.0003352935,0.00031940584,0.00014787307],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003550535,0.00023718353,0.00029898423,0.00014857922,0.00019108308,0.00006302118,0.00014316555,0.00013443622,0.00004620558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035243916,0.00018655833,0.000072057046,0.0002485572,0.000071748946,0.00036978177,0.000025229625,0.000062072264,0.00013813755],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006371882,0.0011845931,0.026691934,0.0013962662,0.00047558668,0.0000071032923,0.022795893,0.0047652186,0.6760327,0.16095105,0.00019914247,0.10486327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018154676,0.00046450307,0.008814045,0.000037381906,0.00012100619,0.000008474409,0.00048289323,0.03331499,0.94179183,0.00016716438,0.012695979,0.00028628184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017354015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000054680127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26575905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024529683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032020784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7607628},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022491209","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121758","title":"Nano-coated condensation surfaces enhanced the productivity of the single-slope solar still by changing the condensation mechanism","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Armed Forces","keywords":"Condensation; Solar still; Wetting; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry; Meteorology; Desalination; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.03418817257002516,"score_gpt":0.253471174118509,"score_spread":0.21928300154848385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022491209","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96113604,0.00022932095,0.00919604,0.026708852,0.001984817,0.00057365216,0.0000049031,0.000043511976,0.00012286339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974505,0.000029980165,0.00068629347,0.0003093707,0.00087210897,0.000009142879,0.0000055956552,0.0000386499,0.0005983796],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964079,0.0014270116,0.0008158872,0.00032810096,0.0007729597,0.00024813466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966118,0.00016731267,0.0016985785,0.0005307426,0.0009351484,0.00005646907],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032545128,0.0002127305,0.00030767854,0.000091945076,0.00033411864,0.00008494541,0.00050234207,0.00011381305,0.000054740533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020908327,0.000112869966,0.00015510814,0.00073042535,0.00019204823,0.0005587524,0.00006932818,0.0005085725,0.000007571427],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016370768,0.0000684596,0.000050042436,0.000028839631,0.00010422899,3.0482866e-7,0.008770925,0.011066982,0.97363883,0.0005034162,0.0004759416,0.0051283245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033744975,0.00013855824,0.0006277064,0.000036840716,0.0001356094,0.000042552292,0.0025995641,0.00067521277,0.9871585,0.002004626,0.006110106,0.00013327308],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025492294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014262497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03631444,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009999218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008635678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46027035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3025606494","doi":"10.1149/ma2020-018737mtgabs","title":"Flexible Semiconducting Nanofibers Functionalized with ZnO for Enhanced and Sustainable Water Decontamination","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Photocatalysis; Nanofiber; Polyacrylonitrile; Nanotechnology; Heterojunction; Charge carrier; Polypyrrole; Photoactive layer; Semiconductor; Electrospinning; Chemical engineering; Oxide; Human decontamination; Optoelectronics; Polymer; Energy conversion efficiency; Composite material; Catalysis; Polymerization; Chemistry; Waste management; Polymer solar cell","score_opus":0.027492295182050357,"score_gpt":0.2683539492669759,"score_spread":0.24086165408492557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3025606494","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93969864,0.000088532666,0.006123318,0.0014849989,0.0001741608,0.0004742186,0.000002828774,0.0003126268,0.051640656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9408178,0.000003322191,0.054127354,0.0003394286,0.00023143145,0.00010446321,0.00006975305,0.00005845955,0.0042479844],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99830306,0.00010206924,0.00037402837,0.00046724596,0.00019198394,0.0005616157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988822,0.0003263511,0.00018252747,0.00016430372,0.0002907237,0.00015390868],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011403358,0.00020107669,0.00022473064,0.00007799069,0.0003557531,0.00013423785,0.000108667395,0.000114163246,0.00010211165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00056043,0.00016343713,0.00004288976,0.00013828416,0.0000444761,0.00036774683,0.000046184174,0.00013760793,0.000026742835],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030934977,0.0000323465,0.00018072635,0.00022866287,0.000071938084,0.0000062860827,0.0045317966,0.027464787,0.96471703,0.0005417286,0.00024022382,0.0016751161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012926391,0.000105962754,0.000412795,0.00003642252,0.00003993156,0.000008232288,0.0028248802,0.0004296871,0.9592258,0.0009891221,0.03438168,0.00025289008],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001944479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000087138005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04800404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000074884985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049893828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66647726},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3025694826","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119879","title":"Research on phase equilibrium effect and curve vacuum membrane-based dehumidification device","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","keywords":"Membrane; Phase inversion; Materials science; Mechanics; Work (physics); Curvature; Volumetric flow rate; Thermodynamics; Permeability (electromagnetism); Boundary layer; Chemistry; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.08763900682548914,"score_gpt":0.40317765274135836,"score_spread":0.3155386459158692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3025694826","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9493409,0.00049868604,0.03474536,0.0138689205,0.00040733124,0.0001803934,0.000019717992,0.000026061998,0.0009126727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973157,0.00011372886,0.0013769763,0.00070445123,0.00041078907,0.0000096200965,0.000016843089,0.00002540933,0.000026505275],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99776006,0.00064014,0.0004450963,0.0002384958,0.0007280299,0.0001881959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983801,0.00073949475,0.000036901056,0.000110768065,0.0005024438,0.00023025242],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014118133,0.00015073415,0.0002355688,0.00029070838,0.000059677845,0.0001338906,0.00029660919,0.00009694795,0.0001294658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014126413,0.00012305006,0.00008934569,0.00016554825,0.00009068008,0.00025284901,0.000013731541,0.0004346694,0.000014079226],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.005027665,0.00022277175,0.0013326657,0.00013736122,0.0002766419,0.000113514434,0.0008768354,0.0012749307,0.9690785,0.005129976,0.00023302443,0.016296128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0071557956,0.001625297,0.0010517954,0.00014188445,0.00006647107,0.000063496234,0.0001049066,0.007987824,0.95640117,0.00089616334,0.024289325,0.00021587245],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024465677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002781886,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047974825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055347475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006726319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5017836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3043226402","doi":"10.1021/acsami.0c10461","title":"High Efficiency Solar Membranes Structurally Designed with 3D Core–2D Shell SiO<sub>2</sub>@Amino-Carbon Hybrid Advanced Composite for Facile Steam Generation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Composite number; Carbon fibers; Shell (structure); Core (optical fiber); Membrane; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.024025080596381195,"score_gpt":0.24137329396711893,"score_spread":0.21734821337073773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3043226402","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863509,0.0001411832,0.009993656,0.00013634248,0.0007296025,0.0017310667,0.0002641401,0.00046432135,0.00018882031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96559936,0.000051221683,0.03235736,0.00034219198,0.000374028,0.0004885681,0.00061375403,0.0001495019,0.000024028861],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99667186,0.00021576809,0.0009587487,0.0010831289,0.00043790534,0.00063260185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99825245,0.00019669392,0.00055432227,0.0006004252,0.00022640525,0.00016968815],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043739087,0.0006621851,0.0008556225,0.00011716818,0.00026528919,0.00035851324,0.0006508506,0.00019641098,0.00011881574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006668305,0.0005643107,0.000040273964,0.00020740773,0.00015311343,0.0002752511,0.00014487634,0.00016005116,0.00006864172],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001621821,0.000051585776,0.000004660639,0.00022105494,0.0001142712,0.0000041345797,0.0010292899,0.016654048,0.97423536,0.0004925744,0.000057334775,0.005513886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019748528,0.00050199934,0.00004183381,0.000035065867,0.00012808475,0.000010203385,0.00019710891,0.0005032916,0.9952941,0.00036844015,0.00023666506,0.00070833066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006492388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001500465,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022363706,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009423252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006319212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3046435328","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/abaae0","title":"The behaviour of plasma-functionalized graphene nanoflake nanofluids during phase change from liquid water to solid ice","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nanotechnology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Nanofluid; Crystallization; Suspension (topology); Chemical engineering; Phase (matter); Graphene; Carbon nanotube; Particle (ecology); Nanotechnology; Dispersion (optics); Composite material; Chemical physics; Nanoparticle","score_opus":0.0397255460469335,"score_gpt":0.29882935507114017,"score_spread":0.25910380902420665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3046435328","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9819916,0.00038019172,0.0025495917,0.013063323,0.0007821262,0.00047420766,0.00007863031,0.00057252124,0.0001078353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932538,0.0001007387,0.004654309,0.0008053167,0.00027533955,0.0004467559,0.00007996036,0.000081732316,0.00030199595],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974047,0.00024439368,0.0007135071,0.0006713782,0.0003501183,0.0006159021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984218,0.00015785095,0.00016251171,0.00088837394,0.00020010267,0.00016934518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031810757,0.00032254643,0.00048457287,0.0002498961,0.00030474417,0.0000307701,0.00089411635,0.0005703276,0.00067170756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031621748,0.00023317475,0.00017446921,0.0006124946,0.00022721235,0.0001316052,0.00034767002,0.0003707228,0.00033294843],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013543268,0.00010676046,0.0001373622,0.0000123169775,0.000107475775,0.000016648952,0.001344012,0.000028349672,0.9873134,0.002414886,0.00014933139,0.0070151407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020902231,0.0004786192,0.00013923213,0.000014550418,0.00005642123,0.0000104629,0.00016770432,0.000075509015,0.89728296,0.00073511415,0.09869319,0.00025603542],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042948598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011980606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09854386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006212071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031237665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.950859},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048788668","doi":"10.1016/j.mset.2020.07.005","title":"Experimental study of single slope solar still coupled with parabolic trough collector","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science for Energy Technologies","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Northern Alberta Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Parabolic trough; Payback period; Solar still; Embodied energy; Trough (economics); Solar energy; Brine; Materials science; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Environmental engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.044779203654197595,"score_gpt":0.2897078314583352,"score_spread":0.24492862780413757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3048788668","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878383,0.00009422542,0.0099154515,0.0002700944,0.00026767433,0.0004998456,0.000025956791,0.00094018376,0.00014821174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9654951,0.0000052058085,0.033813186,0.0000517026,0.000034080247,0.0005016326,0.0000075252333,0.000038885773,0.00005265363],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977571,0.000081757404,0.00050214864,0.0007054319,0.00046117854,0.0004924148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871415,0.000077885365,0.00030768217,0.0006248538,0.0002082897,0.000067142224],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041995535,0.0002753725,0.00052098726,0.00024106198,0.00023439615,0.00017046483,0.001193985,0.00012600215,0.00007304975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048156682,0.00021242483,0.000037801303,0.001284263,0.0008417973,0.00033185634,0.00028197037,0.000052680247,0.0000042799693],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030354192,0.000470783,0.000067877445,0.000013530551,0.00002497449,0.0000029916264,0.0012979233,0.001030568,0.99065906,0.0052594244,0.00003389095,0.0008354383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011734337,0.0032658682,0.00006937537,0.0000107597425,0.000019114923,0.0000035292392,0.007574208,0.00046822027,0.9840815,0.0004282171,0.0026352156,0.00027057584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036888625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029757497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023897734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009261651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000108745335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8662433},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3084039606","doi":"10.11159/icffts20.128","title":"Simulation of Water Vapor Adsorption in a Fixed-bed Column withSilica Gel Material for Thermal Energy Storage Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluid Flow and Thermal Science, ICFFTS ...","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Adsorption; Column (typography); Materials science; Thermal; Silica gel; Thermal energy storage; Water vapor; Process engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.031712453390703714,"score_gpt":0.2754909492027308,"score_spread":0.2437784958120271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3084039606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98895216,0.000006628875,0.0018581655,0.0012606386,0.00021812449,0.00046916574,0.000056757395,0.000034038363,0.0071443347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976001,0.0000050074373,0.0017261477,0.00021220726,0.00015206588,0.0001687243,0.000017073886,0.00001639719,0.00010228377],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983432,0.000021113363,0.0004567082,0.0004122093,0.0005287569,0.00023800353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988261,0.000066443485,0.0002348212,0.00012266425,0.0006629214,0.000087039945],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056754216,0.00016651889,0.0002170192,0.0001640574,0.00010521744,0.00011696525,0.00083156535,0.00008631763,0.00022450146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015224818,0.000116638716,0.00006941577,0.00030427607,0.00033678225,0.00035669006,0.00016538848,0.00009250343,0.0000035036471],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004077298,0.000060360962,0.00040759495,0.000025487228,0.000015918362,6.121219e-8,0.0008374538,0.00792634,0.9022178,0.0838211,0.000009037141,0.0042711003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006221613,0.00012455494,0.0024376896,0.000031166754,0.000013210509,7.059985e-7,0.00014220685,0.38911968,0.60315037,0.0034220596,0.0007903423,0.00014583311],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000118015196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008335266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38119334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006139461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007664464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47563887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088572828","doi":"10.1115/ht2020-9058","title":"Performance Improvement of Mass Transfer Through Membrane Using Ultrasound for HVAC Application","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Mass transfer; Desiccant; Materials science; Membrane; Moisture; HVAC; Air conditioning; Ultrasound; Heat transfer; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chromatography; Chemistry; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Acoustics; Engineering","score_opus":0.055936499428592634,"score_gpt":0.29972046955519976,"score_spread":0.24378397012660713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3088572828","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31650138,0.000017820415,0.6792059,0.0002704055,0.000059919155,0.0004981589,0.000013599748,0.00007406825,0.0033587227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8330672,0.000023748365,0.1661079,0.00039427957,0.00009479198,0.000101794736,0.000036083668,0.000029962917,0.00014428441],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989193,0.000030840343,0.00039615566,0.00029445472,0.0001680292,0.00019119415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938864,0.000102995706,0.000060646536,0.00028337032,0.00010786625,0.000056500547],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021805866,0.00013562253,0.00020226541,0.00002401654,0.000061011924,0.000015166051,0.00019364433,0.00008018193,0.0002000382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034072265,0.00012376542,0.00008269811,0.00020013867,0.00003532054,0.00020321735,0.000008651455,0.00006336664,0.000013000142],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073542185,0.00002632,0.00032590074,0.00017349736,0.000035837358,3.3261134e-8,0.0007624273,0.004094014,0.98383665,0.005729755,0.000020414749,0.004921599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006291246,0.00010795333,0.00016627507,0.0000050978238,0.000040236693,7.3338816e-7,0.00015971517,0.036229216,0.9516085,0.00066546415,0.010240147,0.00014757516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013867805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000408505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5165658,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036572357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026617663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5047007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088761074","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2020.128042","title":"Dual-functional superwettable nano-structured membrane: From ultra-effective separation of oil-water emulsion to seawater desalination","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Seawater; Desalination; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Portable water purification; Fouling; Membrane; Water treatment; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Chemistry","score_opus":0.013373363595581389,"score_gpt":0.24200486820847153,"score_spread":0.22863150461289014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3088761074","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8372893,0.00006104841,0.16076706,0.0008388554,0.000614029,0.000114995484,0.000015828906,0.00012143192,0.00017745243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95341676,0.000005416174,0.045241263,0.0001872501,0.00083506963,0.000024358169,0.00016941194,0.000052220992,0.00006825539],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838424,0.00009288537,0.0005013932,0.00031108072,0.0004087374,0.00030169068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990751,0.00014186252,0.000080207166,0.00016754716,0.00022978104,0.00030545765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002375623,0.0002352347,0.00030722015,0.00011793035,0.00006500157,0.000071944916,0.00016025225,0.0001988373,0.0005381405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041398508,0.00019063178,0.00012886651,0.00022582698,0.000020761117,0.00029351344,0.00003493088,0.0004048326,0.000062408646],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013551868,0.00001976654,0.000054009135,0.000031874657,0.000067458815,0.000004083454,0.0012313661,0.109649755,0.8869604,0.0000825335,0.00019306834,0.001570182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007500028,0.000040611696,0.00036703845,0.00003790969,0.000036928992,0.00003919839,0.000018115077,0.011879239,0.9809776,0.00013293524,0.005492024,0.0002283968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025576071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.6787827e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11612746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014755172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017703269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7773738},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3100277717","doi":"10.1039/d0qm00584c","title":"Thermoresponsive and antifouling hydrogels as a radiative energy driven water harvesting system","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Chemistry Frontiers","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Health PEI; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biofouling; Self-healing hydrogels; Materials science; Radiative transfer; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Polymer chemistry; Optics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.013815909948261365,"score_gpt":0.2223315150007752,"score_spread":0.20851560505251382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3100277717","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839212,0.00022833546,0.009386963,0.00067567575,0.00049627456,0.00016660933,0.00005563786,0.00040841047,0.004660937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875291,0.000017277172,0.010272225,0.0003400679,0.00048388986,0.000068136345,0.0001380361,0.000091840004,0.0010594132],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99779457,0.00036142656,0.00051254424,0.00064985885,0.00021830067,0.00046331395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990243,0.00006457685,0.00020475408,0.00033567077,0.00008220738,0.00028852388],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003434806,0.00034889617,0.0005435214,0.000031448315,0.00029370727,0.00044282372,0.00030088902,0.00022357798,0.0002641951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024481723,0.00029767575,0.00006959432,0.00010619682,0.00013277186,0.0001922252,0.0001456023,0.00011250588,0.000054666158],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021051076,0.000008194789,0.00010380945,0.00020780085,0.0001319659,0.000057682326,0.002099999,0.00045347592,0.9953656,0.00018252521,0.0003762919,0.0008021421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058516534,0.00002005288,0.000027379465,0.000054131244,0.00005522788,0.00003958128,0.0014862934,0.0018678935,0.978521,0.00015145775,0.016824553,0.00036725934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030108527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.998843e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016844597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010376546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043086544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3102903426","doi":"10.1039/d0ew00534g","title":"Plasmonic metal nitrides for solar-driven water evaporation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science Water Research & Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ocean Frontier Institute","keywords":"Plasmon; Materials science; Evaporation; Nitride; Frontier; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Optoelectronics; Physics; Layer (electronics); Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.07982275508434378,"score_gpt":0.35153944948014954,"score_spread":0.27171669439580576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3102903426","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822905,0.000049222712,0.0032261426,0.012690382,0.00013021199,0.0009018515,0.00001838374,0.0002708806,0.0004224455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98879033,0.000020033676,0.009965767,0.0001494523,0.00008941377,0.00041261272,0.00008555776,0.00004457528,0.00044226824],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957595,0.00023296982,0.000406045,0.0010637648,0.0010474353,0.0014902758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891174,0.00005809262,0.000044657092,0.0006440829,0.00005975786,0.00028169376],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025368058,0.00023465422,0.00026322767,0.0006737739,0.000897042,0.00015291442,0.0015380334,0.00025275385,0.00073487195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027160233,0.00015658577,0.00008854074,0.00066598185,0.002750717,0.00069412,0.0009793309,0.00060855475,0.002141831],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060876428,0.000068605004,0.000852381,0.0000087193885,0.00001789574,0.00001090042,0.001029558,0.0004033048,0.99076587,0.0010610005,0.00007196011,0.005648954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047242746,0.00041874766,0.00018075365,0.0000032748492,0.000009042628,0.000015846985,0.0006280346,0.003339848,0.9425989,0.00894925,0.043162066,0.00022179943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045596124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008124292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.048166934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004361261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052138865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999632},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3103100888","doi":"10.1002/adma.202003722","title":"Moisture‐Enabled Electricity Generation: From Physics and Materials to Self‐Powered Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":410,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Moisture; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Electricity; Graphene; Process engineering; Energy storage; Electricity generation; Electronics; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.04396853856161702,"score_gpt":0.33497197830999365,"score_spread":0.2910034397483766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3103100888","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00023183173,0.9603454,0.028545655,0.00014541276,0.0017755657,0.0050577824,0.0023940085,0.000936498,0.0005678705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00007929765,0.857112,0.13170813,0.0002972989,0.0029470194,0.004230796,0.0030326734,0.0002679651,0.00032484703],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9949791,0.0010196904,0.0015500202,0.0014807148,0.00041230547,0.0005581849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969919,0.00026576355,0.000890335,0.0012751097,0.0002478832,0.0003290532],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005533811,0.0009378212,0.0029420347,0.0001310861,0.00023603806,0.00044820114,0.00066629966,0.00052655046,0.00048476874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024228431,0.0008757017,0.00016906894,0.000682711,0.00004118951,0.0002741101,0.00025860814,0.00021323281,0.0008127947],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050565384,0.00011038354,1.2331604e-7,0.00264521,0.00051208975,0.000012249704,0.0002180962,0.00002967608,0.33220816,0.019415189,0.0009660695,0.6438322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029546994,0.00004032112,0.0000015551157,0.00035715735,0.00053435477,0.000008823232,0.0000037521306,0.000001001675,0.13192771,0.0037484483,0.8623282,0.0007532505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014533818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010913225,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8613621,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003263866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021744381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999652},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3115824026","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04059","title":"Ultrastable Plasmonic Cu-Based Core–Shell Nanoparticles","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemistry of Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Thermo Fisher Scientific","keywords":"Plasmon; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Plasmonic nanoparticles; Photothermal therapy; Surface plasmon resonance; Photocatalysis; Raman scattering; Chemical stability; Nanotechnology; Raman spectroscopy; Chemical engineering; Optoelectronics; Catalysis; Chemistry; Optics","score_opus":0.047782089439261426,"score_gpt":0.2723916971653153,"score_spread":0.22460960772605387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3115824026","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965572,0.00006491692,0.00011066691,0.0003021163,0.00014137007,0.000095599564,0.0000819514,0.00015234135,0.002493864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921186,0.000006147814,0.0071418453,0.0001862783,0.00012990524,0.000024441037,0.00008176645,0.00003791416,0.00027309987],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986551,0.00007086269,0.0004980829,0.0003151843,0.00019487369,0.0002659244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906826,0.00011172036,0.00021539185,0.0003777192,0.00007554736,0.00015133127],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028371252,0.00018062805,0.0003495487,0.00001281587,0.000041347677,0.000042039475,0.00032554424,0.00012834859,0.004718186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034801182,0.0001801892,0.000061978775,0.00013169636,0.00009618049,0.00006666754,0.000039144998,0.00006150473,0.00017752378],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016657067,0.000045148954,0.00014036337,0.0003278547,0.000020869205,0.000003467705,0.00011902207,0.0004249888,0.997979,0.00006826218,0.0005943002,0.00011017965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006026351,0.00002689111,0.0001517251,0.000028039656,0.000023367622,0.000002454514,0.000059616636,0.00010464848,0.99349326,0.00024072293,0.0050846227,0.0001820169],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047688343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.3053592e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007031178,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025749887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006603516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122617389","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202008904","title":"Intensifying Heat Using MOF‐Isolated Graphene for Solar‐Driven Seawater Desalination at 98% Solar‐to‐Thermal Efficiency","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Energy conversion efficiency; Desalination; Graphene; Photothermal therapy; Chemical engineering; Thermal; Absorbance; Energy transformation; Solar energy; Nanotechnology; Imidazolate; Optoelectronics; Optics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.0474929563311321,"score_gpt":0.305108438034734,"score_spread":0.2576154817036019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122617389","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7145536,0.00007976168,0.28111702,0.00030640885,0.003064299,0.0005007021,0.00010491771,0.00019548368,0.000077816985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9036702,0.0000050960944,0.092925966,0.0008375366,0.00039766709,0.00032808437,0.00086661126,0.00012497882,0.000843845],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967377,0.00049934455,0.00080221397,0.0008591391,0.00044908383,0.00065247336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99787766,0.0002441559,0.00020301185,0.0005134763,0.0009897515,0.00017194281],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007223346,0.00038352783,0.00051403913,0.0002655009,0.00075717206,0.00014499601,0.00021429863,0.00018645266,0.0007088875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037406676,0.00040001396,0.0001747447,0.0005203384,0.000058374495,0.0004102123,0.00024791644,0.00014004859,0.0001317519],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007346054,0.00007992551,0.00018391889,0.000041248146,0.00007632313,0.000008063528,0.00018025306,0.19609058,0.80092704,0.0008499108,0.00006614955,0.00076198194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014227754,0.0001426275,0.0018538059,0.00005634795,0.000080024685,0.0000867105,0.000115497176,0.0091183465,0.98096406,0.0020819206,0.0035672097,0.00051068043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000079927195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016902037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18911663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045053268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010906687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126954211","doi":"10.1039/d0an02258f","title":"Measuring temperature heterogeneities during solar-photothermal heating using quantum dot nanothermometry","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Analyst","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Division of Engineering Education and Centers","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Quantum dot; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Fluorescence; Materials science; Optics; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.05974171206316571,"score_gpt":0.2850026164758886,"score_spread":0.2252609044127229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3126954211","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99565154,0.0018163553,0.0006695435,0.00021465229,0.00030029437,0.00010143796,0.000009707052,0.00016468731,0.0010717906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935604,0.000035759593,0.004616361,0.00030572328,0.00045194902,0.000016611299,0.000014582618,0.000098175624,0.00090046],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99708354,0.0009298463,0.000516444,0.00048720516,0.00045611625,0.00052684266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99833363,0.00014957898,0.00019247954,0.0010322978,0.00019477116,0.00009724949],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00090430694,0.00030888597,0.00040532026,0.00019248744,0.00074712373,0.0002912788,0.00044449966,0.00016114628,0.00050640653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015341259,0.0002423266,0.00027575242,0.0009266969,0.000108757566,0.00022833362,0.0001506283,0.00039760696,0.0000497362],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028158996,0.000027978815,0.003370068,0.000047933885,0.00029019927,0.00004682628,0.0010827434,0.011196254,0.983083,0.0005040157,0.0000073151355,0.00031550485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044590165,0.000008865529,0.0048002233,0.00009211917,0.00012463426,0.00019985203,0.0013649905,0.0029282104,0.9886635,0.0003964873,0.0006226613,0.0003525573],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007123525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013253576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008268043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014823677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008513171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9881792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127230091","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-156610/v1","title":"Numerical Investigation On Water Extraction From The Atmosphere By Underground Condensation Water Production System","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Condensation; Atmosphere (unit); Extraction (chemistry); Production (economics); Environmental science; Water extraction; Groundwater; Petroleum engineering; Environmental engineering; Geology; Meteorology; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.1085595182182303,"score_gpt":0.37618172123998145,"score_spread":0.26762220302175116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3127230091","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97712547,0.00046756928,0.005367807,0.010319916,0.0028149502,0.0018772568,0.000049300903,0.00044638402,0.0015313693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98656195,0.00006936876,0.0012746926,0.000097667624,0.0015151809,0.00087494176,0.0069194655,0.00014152963,0.0025452047],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.987798,0.006889782,0.00077893754,0.0015772105,0.0021316165,0.0008245075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956766,0.00071938464,0.00018236836,0.0019730537,0.0012335178,0.00021511121],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003992182,0.00047817902,0.00045705683,0.000083371735,0.0007915336,0.0010517144,0.0006210857,0.0008856694,0.00088029716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006326403,0.0002893087,0.00020641282,0.00033215154,0.00023260408,0.00039979478,0.00039962397,0.0027384288,0.0009613543],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00089444494,0.0007315407,0.0052643144,0.00264003,0.0011167976,0.00009368807,0.026158819,0.10480394,0.80830896,0.0055794725,0.031515975,0.012892032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004889891,0.00012770898,0.0036724887,0.0010569708,0.000078497214,0.00001990732,0.00764189,0.006042032,0.94939613,0.007982165,0.02281455,0.0006786457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00970559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020705408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1410872,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018007712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002437755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138904658","doi":"10.1039/d1ee00113b","title":"A solution to break the salt barrier for high-rate sustainable solar desalination","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Environmental Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; iNano Medical (Canada)","funders":"State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Desalination; Salt (chemistry); Solar desalination; Environmental science; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.009828534573508017,"score_gpt":0.24497783908266718,"score_spread":0.23514930450915916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3138904658","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6066375,0.00029963223,0.3823057,0.0044467617,0.00091310585,0.0005057689,0.000038310955,0.00014318175,0.004710039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96612227,0.0000197034,0.020479374,0.001197311,0.00012881128,0.00022321411,0.000051672545,0.000027792275,0.011749858],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997741,0.0002493905,0.00026200508,0.00064247486,0.00046739465,0.0006377576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891424,0.00013954482,0.00009109505,0.0005993863,0.000057899633,0.00019785207],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015768443,0.0001721828,0.000131786,0.000100918565,0.0009827121,0.00018260411,0.00052486284,0.00007386493,0.0002781013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030566388,0.00014379203,0.00006615606,0.0006257049,0.00036476413,0.00052546733,0.0002803156,0.00008403601,0.00006600494],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023280229,0.00007107548,0.00011675346,0.0000037530617,0.000009831787,0.0000080284935,0.0005010942,0.0054137437,0.8381649,0.14074351,0.0002853879,0.0146586355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028343804,0.000061862025,0.009204787,0.000004394521,0.000016301317,0.000014060309,0.0008056023,0.0018585139,0.8458218,0.009943756,0.13175789,0.00022762068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000578355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008736232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36182633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060009345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001353259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7558327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3148465669","doi":"10.18280/mmep.080105","title":"Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Solar Desalination System Using Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC) and Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Savitribai Phule Pune University","keywords":"Nonimaging optics; Parabolic reflector; Concentrator; Desalination; Tube (container); Solar desalination; Materials science; Optics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.04719497156427796,"score_gpt":0.25467761119289845,"score_spread":0.20748263962862049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3148465669","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44411033,0.000719077,0.55484104,0.000011360993,0.000025077316,0.00014345795,0.000011783098,0.000090244066,0.000047651403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.746769,0.000086642256,0.25300777,0.0000047296467,0.000019646875,0.000022241224,0.000022532526,0.000047278754,0.000020165768],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978042,0.00013694458,0.00087270624,0.0004898351,0.000315407,0.00038088104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985659,0.0005138922,0.00015464154,0.0003272855,0.00021453787,0.00022370245],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00080800167,0.0003221728,0.000903215,0.00027124933,0.00013864155,0.00017461146,0.00009415414,0.00014262673,0.000014779704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010314441,0.00031095036,0.000099576755,0.0006173768,0.000085369764,0.00014479226,0.000060925162,0.00021391628,0.0000017836607],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009471799,0.00005327086,0.000044350556,0.0017375582,0.00047285846,0.000008343479,0.0009720512,0.9534521,0.0063117207,0.03687829,4.4649806e-7,0.00005950194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040396536,0.00001883255,0.000006914073,0.0005092566,0.00085219904,0.00009991056,0.0001290993,0.9824719,0.008496343,0.006682339,0.000021042812,0.0003082225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000043334334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.048702e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30265868,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000095158044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004694345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157975087","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100599","title":"Effects of design and operational parameters on the performance of a solar distillation system: A comprehensive review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Process engineering; Desalination; Renewable energy; Solar still; Environmental science; Solar desalination; Distillation; Solar energy; Multiple-effect distillation; Condenser (optics); Refrigeration; Photovoltaic system; Fossil fuel; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Fractional distillation; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.04767425988157665,"score_gpt":0.2973442807531546,"score_spread":0.24967002087157797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3157975087","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00046446812,0.9705366,0.023294397,0.000026044367,0.00012525212,0.0054945247,0.000004074664,0.000026973343,0.000027667298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00034001507,0.951997,0.043232523,0.00007177466,0.00002296316,0.0033261892,0.00029027645,0.00007071942,0.00064854993],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99634534,0.0011618133,0.0012235272,0.00049835566,0.00038235437,0.00038858913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962205,0.0017555691,0.00068103475,0.000449466,0.00083086465,0.000062559455],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015431701,0.0004677239,0.0017000135,0.00020168489,0.00024245016,0.00007358326,0.0003060389,0.00018753452,0.0000099962845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027938944,0.00030352062,0.00023479937,0.00038648784,0.000089975714,0.00013136912,0.00013260478,0.00017469066,0.0000047627013],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045101926,0.00009418123,0.0000031530092,0.69817704,0.0008037787,0.000017191724,0.00063303986,0.00024232749,0.0000066731577,0.010376096,0.00041297442,0.2891884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002989003,0.00016593793,0.000019336627,0.050579745,0.00065530685,0.000031230258,0.00021426634,0.00020136384,0.0019086982,0.000027465778,0.94549793,0.00039984318],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033421915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.7284625e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9450849,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049733534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00062755856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999417},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158621859","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2021.675269","title":"Research History and Functional Systems of Fog Water Harvesting","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"","keywords":"Rainwater harvesting; Water supply; Water scarcity; Empowerment; Environmental planning; Water resources; Business; Water resource management; Natural resource economics; Environmental resource management; Geography; Environmental science; Economic growth; Environmental engineering; Economics; Ecology","score_opus":0.07946385411792738,"score_gpt":0.295389240551425,"score_spread":0.21592538643349762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158621859","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9339712,0.004893608,0.01969445,0.0005905373,0.008154853,0.0002837659,0.0000050556355,0.00008598374,0.03232053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93249625,0.000027414786,0.028689872,0.000043405398,0.00021708828,0.000060842707,0.000066945024,0.00004385967,0.038354307],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99761903,0.0008214288,0.00037330732,0.0003566931,0.00042076758,0.00040876694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991379,0.000067163746,0.00002771749,0.00035405165,0.00034348405,0.00006971577],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023286839,0.00011200276,0.00024241832,0.00031590025,0.00006305265,0.000034510136,0.000112557,0.00013728467,0.000350839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013352983,0.00007976681,0.000037665035,0.00010325989,0.00017474388,0.00017359924,0.00011997905,0.00028702128,0.000040017865],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027324178,0.00022780204,0.17133816,0.00068714086,0.00023805615,0.0001426123,0.013829402,0.0044780686,0.68106323,0.0045090173,0.116360135,0.006853111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088316615,0.000034194367,0.012790428,0.0000814837,0.000016259475,0.000037932707,0.0016799838,0.0016398625,0.4280973,0.0030034662,0.5514645,0.00027143708],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00081995287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002444646,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43510437,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003722616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000065991524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3841441},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158961802","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112564","title":"Development and analysis of a new renewable energy-based industrial wastewater treatment system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Management","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Brine; Exergy efficiency; Renewable energy; Process engineering; Wastewater; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Evaporation; Waste management; Industrial wastewater treatment; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.033666153252206635,"score_gpt":0.23765658375233323,"score_spread":0.2039904305001266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158961802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869094,0.0008158786,0.008539284,0.00017361158,0.00036290596,0.00015124308,0.000015391937,0.0000174989,0.003014777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8988879,0.00011364291,0.09476449,0.000057728328,0.00009066905,0.000010961043,0.000049606188,0.000026156977,0.0059988764],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99809617,0.00017593034,0.000840137,0.00024598785,0.00044764212,0.0001941332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895483,0.000037236096,0.00050038914,0.00032344076,0.000012076317,0.000171998],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033677847,0.00020046993,0.0005034016,0.0004444841,0.000055648896,0.00003768654,0.00014311435,0.00007863661,0.00036545662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048508077,0.00016646725,0.00021425202,0.0003330155,0.000032271673,0.00009176128,0.00008683084,0.00005921697,0.0000042989323],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001628782,0.0040662973,0.04331492,0.0003204177,0.046185713,0.00203516,0.004686521,0.33091998,0.14168574,0.0041983332,0.0021269594,0.41883117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006571303,0.0003731067,0.024734832,0.0001727638,0.005420971,0.00004823639,0.004122827,0.0021056868,0.61062324,0.00008259556,0.34527075,0.00047367736],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043168868,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4689375,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000618411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058888556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6788337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3159915596","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2021.105562","title":"A novel submerged photocatalytic oscillatory membrane reactor for water polishing","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of environmental chemical engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Effluent; Polishing; Membrane reactor; Chemistry; Wastewater; Membrane; Chemical engineering; Central composite design; Catalysis; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Response surface methodology; Chromatography; Environmental science; Composite material; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.01423850690977792,"score_gpt":0.22072635839630905,"score_spread":0.20648785148653112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3159915596","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828289,0.00027429272,0.015859887,0.0001504519,0.0005449385,0.000111028996,0.000022998822,0.000032978875,0.00017452492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95457363,0.000017979866,0.04468723,0.00007443112,0.0004253832,0.0000107547885,0.000031689637,0.0000656498,0.00011327748],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856764,0.000017128938,0.00056747644,0.00020719462,0.00029970688,0.00034083353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993011,0.00010966058,0.00012586227,0.00023240938,0.000023994906,0.00020698356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035139866,0.0001956094,0.00032207838,0.000081418475,0.000026597365,0.000038154038,0.0002117966,0.0001346953,0.00030796175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022366023,0.00016778243,0.00024600845,0.00006669919,0.000028727984,0.00025657946,0.00006948527,0.00032171461,0.000011769761],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039130915,0.00009528377,0.000028524233,0.000041666015,0.00009029734,0.0000149632815,0.00018684637,0.0032452196,0.9958035,0.000045156605,0.000025740954,0.00038371686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00093575515,0.000019881576,0.00018912132,0.000027053671,0.00005347812,0.00028593786,0.00005338276,0.0018053303,0.98081756,0.000032540407,0.015573627,0.00020634726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004127345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4982413e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028827345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002970222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018984874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68419695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3163178857","doi":"10.1002/app.50973","title":"Enhanced swelling using photothermal responsive <scp>surface‐immobilized</scp> microgels","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Quartz crystal microbalance; Swelling; Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Photothermal effect; Dynamic light scattering; Chemical engineering; Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); Surface plasmon resonance; Colloidal gold; Surface charge; Aqueous solution; Colloid; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Adsorption; Chemistry; Composite material; Polymer; Copolymer","score_opus":0.025630792263578762,"score_gpt":0.29937485576167805,"score_spread":0.27374406349809927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3163178857","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9754855,0.0019569923,0.012853345,0.000061298626,0.00084425486,0.000100260346,0.000003107473,0.00003173071,0.008663506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.914928,0.000047731573,0.08366894,0.00043483858,0.00020579212,0.0000026325104,6.3330214e-7,0.000040657975,0.0006707548],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99681515,0.0001988914,0.00088376756,0.0004980538,0.0009553813,0.0006487687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99709404,0.0005294506,0.0008161863,0.0005894111,0.0006411535,0.00032977058],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022957975,0.00025461972,0.00045901112,0.0003200706,0.00036805222,0.0003010221,0.00089002587,0.00013075488,0.00015595683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022499505,0.00023544005,0.00017757317,0.0017119332,0.00049337297,0.00048290784,0.00014523209,0.0004581303,0.000050851948],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055168166,0.00006193806,0.000028320786,0.0000075090925,0.00003461309,0.000039116167,0.0025150594,0.0031594355,0.98968595,0.0018038291,0.000021244658,0.0025878423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006093656,0.00003295535,0.00013551708,0.000043697848,0.000039903716,0.000246221,0.0015892665,0.0007513511,0.9931267,0.0006510572,0.0026547478,0.000119251024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002436402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019016016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07081559,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019262006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012872216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96009666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3187947095","doi":"10.1039/d0ta09570b","title":"3D tree-shaped hierarchical flax fabric for highly efficient solar steam generation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Polypyrrole; Nanofiber; Desalination; Tree (set theory); Composite number; Process engineering; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Engineering; Chemistry; Mathematics; Polymer","score_opus":0.03929724896450069,"score_gpt":0.2811383318757044,"score_spread":0.24184108291120374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3187947095","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9576955,0.00011451209,0.038894806,0.002116308,0.00065188325,0.00016594998,0.000051724634,0.00005050078,0.00025882188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9508951,0.000020388801,0.04462639,0.00036404905,0.0036748378,0.000024174202,0.00007390639,0.000055767527,0.00026544617],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99780643,0.00022002481,0.0010391001,0.0002746792,0.00037851502,0.00028126923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984234,0.00012539295,0.0006803962,0.00023373502,0.0002732772,0.00026378914],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009442823,0.00022477315,0.00049552025,0.000041826952,0.00009630864,0.00014726847,0.00037375445,0.00020560152,0.00061525096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00071983645,0.00019659751,0.00017305132,0.00013127828,0.00004465443,0.00010830171,0.00004948328,0.00019577939,0.000025891004],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004209571,0.00008363851,0.0000044433123,0.00014450682,0.000070482114,0.000014646635,0.00032986377,0.0026357642,0.9933903,0.000043454824,0.0014380855,0.0014238567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001381769,0.000118636846,0.000043400018,0.0000260108,0.000073812866,0.00007407574,0.000044771885,0.0055072336,0.9721021,0.000101777856,0.020326015,0.00020038983],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037188638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1291166e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021288194,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009735148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012619919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80170137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3189206576","doi":"10.3390/en14164844","title":"Enhancement of Continuous-Feed Low-Cost Solar Distiller: Effects of Various Fin Designs","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Universitas Sebelas Maret","keywords":"Seawater; Distilled water; Desalination; Materials science; Fin; Solar still; Distillation; Water desalination; Environmental science; Composite material; Chemistry; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.016428591623854804,"score_gpt":0.26640522838735303,"score_spread":0.24997663676349824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3189206576","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9295359,0.0018699591,0.06287957,0.000101949016,0.000899143,0.0002652307,0.000018072627,0.00010378138,0.0043263393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96476823,0.00018243861,0.03142828,0.000062858664,0.000064354965,0.00008588225,0.000057705503,0.000040015373,0.0033102618],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99806476,0.00045675898,0.0005409008,0.0003379199,0.00030919543,0.0002904563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998123,0.00061295566,0.0002616783,0.0006823802,0.0002500084,0.000070003036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032331626,0.00021258082,0.00050145795,0.00009706153,0.000055093493,0.000024416378,0.00026334904,0.00012748361,0.00035171685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062341645,0.00020604646,0.00014728807,0.0003076645,0.00011890749,0.00008592387,0.000103574064,0.00011428235,0.000030109119],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000062603984,0.00031797428,0.00067364733,0.00030559587,0.00018563129,0.00003440836,0.0017929018,0.004939623,0.9625829,0.009859088,0.0007240128,0.018521598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007404899,0.00006240939,0.0027269332,0.00010880002,0.000056592653,0.0000031562006,0.00016405749,0.00013850827,0.9820864,0.0010131024,0.012699241,0.00020028032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003288571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005164253,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03523225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047375313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010948702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8402331},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3193794205","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00869","title":"Design and Utilization of Infrared Light for Interfacial Solar Water Purification","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Energy Letters","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Solar still; Environmental science; Radiative cooling; Solar desalination; Process engineering; Solar energy; Sustainability; Carbon footprint; Water desalination; Engineering physics; Engineering; Greenhouse gas; Meteorology; Chemistry; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.04087419111493101,"score_gpt":0.272219488190582,"score_spread":0.231345297075651,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3193794205","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09333178,0.00015844703,0.90242076,0.0031819956,0.0003565914,0.0001392617,0.0000047392787,0.00007466823,0.0003317349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8733146,0.000090394264,0.12217407,0.0024360297,0.00020595908,0.0001933155,0.00039295165,0.00007928084,0.0011133613],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985069,0.00032814685,0.00039847533,0.0003662284,0.0001559358,0.00024433743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991038,0.00013081508,0.00011260648,0.00039910842,0.00019705096,0.000056633748],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003611463,0.00016477398,0.00021497026,0.00013168773,0.00009014769,0.00005500614,0.00015764791,0.0001355791,0.00006225835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012513078,0.00014779413,0.000056039597,0.0001599125,0.00005609625,0.00022380675,0.00004946092,0.000063057145,0.000005337329],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000071307055,0.00003501647,0.000058802256,0.000026803746,0.000060766404,0.000002320312,0.0011984638,0.001684419,0.9770008,0.005727565,0.0013626408,0.0127711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047173674,0.00002700082,0.00015787856,0.0000124013195,0.000034275115,0.0000061561573,0.000044538272,0.0011575418,0.91041714,0.002920598,0.08458687,0.00016387581],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035514448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006738702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78024673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003692247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026940716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60268694},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3198132178","doi":"","title":"A salt-rejecting floating solar still for low-cost desalination","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Evaporation; Environmental science; Condensation; Solar still; Salt water; Solar energy; Salt (chemistry); Solar desalination; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.028846770022568673,"score_gpt":0.3084464938898556,"score_spread":0.27959972386728693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3198132178","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55486757,0.00032010183,0.4280857,0.0045955586,0.0031487856,0.0019268963,0.00013789265,0.0022244772,0.004693015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.654203,0.000013023392,0.34469417,0.00010739735,0.00029459113,0.00017809872,0.000058317113,0.000089251,0.00036219088],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968673,0.000114148876,0.00093335187,0.0008656041,0.00040176883,0.0008178164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967683,0.00017109695,0.00075863104,0.0012759818,0.0009040817,0.00012193859],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012811279,0.0004607102,0.0006237574,0.001201607,0.00046208088,0.00007133052,0.0009586112,0.000865237,0.000055098863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004241489,0.00048296794,0.00020808478,0.0015426717,0.00079985417,0.00061694277,0.00022803294,0.00051508466,0.000093678915],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003353122,0.0005574336,0.02224102,0.00052241754,0.0006983477,0.000024013498,0.0029306824,0.0012797733,0.32457906,0.14700998,0.0032670905,0.49655485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018775179,0.0002561656,0.0008753791,0.00024091761,0.00012026569,0.000026832142,0.00032833818,0.0052400264,0.5729427,0.008116088,0.40930328,0.00067248987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016434042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031983524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49588236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027522215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017883941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997622},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199702279","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2021.115349","title":"Graphite powder mixed with black paint on the absorber plate of the solar still to enhance yield: An experimental investigation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Qatar National Research Fund; Qatar University","keywords":"Graphite; Yield (engineering); Carbon black; Materials science; Solar still; Raw material; Mixing (physics); Carbon fibers; Composite material; Chemistry; Composite number","score_opus":0.034500249981237574,"score_gpt":0.29391249242385903,"score_spread":0.25941224244262145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3199702279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99144,0.00002174474,0.0049474533,0.00236277,0.00019793125,0.00029873755,0.0000070396595,0.00004984044,0.00067449623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992449,0.0000022014872,0.005760625,0.0011849542,0.00005399062,0.0000643207,0.000037287842,0.000030914613,0.00041674878],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982217,0.00065127015,0.00027221633,0.0003144469,0.00038436157,0.000156006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869,0.0001935798,0.0001684681,0.0006312433,0.00025050333,0.0000661969],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000685044,0.00014787207,0.00012255453,0.00007774399,0.000108708395,0.00004826523,0.0002202552,0.00008916584,0.00010387526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030652582,0.00009269124,0.000052540436,0.0005370303,0.000112623085,0.00016188086,0.000038364098,0.0001508551,0.000027472546],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066472705,0.00013427384,0.0012932261,0.00001135381,0.00004153917,0.0000019630784,0.009346151,0.0067555103,0.9450773,0.03513298,0.0002322586,0.0019069712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014612137,0.000098058015,0.026424283,0.00005169806,0.0000140481525,0.0000023047617,0.000862363,0.0010799352,0.9674982,0.0020895905,0.0016010854,0.00013230498],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000927145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014768529,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033043392,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000627718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045683897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3779839},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202084008","doi":"10.3390/e23101282","title":"Energy and Entropy Analyses of a Pilot-Scale Dual Heating HDH Desalination System","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Entropy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Thermodynamics; Entropy (arrow of time); Mass flow rate; Mechanics; Mass transfer; Thermodynamic cycle; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.04285562360901686,"score_gpt":0.3182003730762728,"score_spread":0.27534474946725596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3202084008","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87499064,0.0018768045,0.11818683,0.00023309866,0.00048238045,0.000105064784,0.00002100171,0.00020978079,0.0038944033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95032024,0.00004744514,0.04873457,0.00005291106,0.00019701934,0.000022842953,0.00006426185,0.00003086241,0.00052986544],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99800044,0.0006026511,0.0004939285,0.00035906048,0.0003009816,0.00024293951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988688,0.00020913387,0.00020895185,0.00038100354,0.00023245193,0.000099613884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003080711,0.00016655528,0.00033081512,0.00012958479,0.000098331,0.000058030517,0.00009470336,0.00007895559,0.00013013992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015131982,0.0001623224,0.0000805632,0.00036177502,0.0000566805,0.0001292153,0.000064646185,0.00007628076,0.000009530248],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006314616,0.00011862986,0.003852778,0.000103488346,0.00014287773,0.000025873356,0.0005848806,0.00085000385,0.8171028,0.17023675,0.00009578236,0.006822982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010335145,0.00010747993,0.0034875239,0.00007409469,0.00011046492,0.000060957045,0.0009809538,0.013818901,0.9750702,0.0013352241,0.0037014964,0.0002191895],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008410858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000056582092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16890153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009484382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052551193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6619315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210425903","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.093","title":"In-situ fabrication of metal oxide nanocaps based on biphasic reactions with surface nanodroplets","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Institute for Nanotechnology; National Research Council Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Board; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Alberta Innovates; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; National Institute for Nanotechnology","keywords":"Nanomaterials; Fabrication; Materials science; Photocatalysis; Nanotechnology; Oxide; Chemical engineering; Surface energy; Porosity; Metal; Evaporation; Chemistry; Catalysis; Organic chemistry; Metallurgy; Composite material","score_opus":0.017438149978880456,"score_gpt":0.29311418466459455,"score_spread":0.2756760346857141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3210425903","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864197,0.00021272637,0.009053998,0.00074550277,0.00031414098,0.00006227354,0.0000016640522,0.000006336863,0.0031836554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9715843,0.000041585427,0.027561042,0.00009575181,0.000017497372,0.0000012156783,3.111464e-7,0.000008727052,0.0006895241],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984043,0.00017810284,0.0004884551,0.00022537053,0.0005272012,0.0001765606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982567,0.00016788713,0.00045682336,0.00026210706,0.00075087947,0.00010563728],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013422584,0.000111373236,0.0002541254,0.00030955524,0.00008653643,0.00006529804,0.00026696624,0.00004186722,0.00004504097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000521418,0.00008559647,0.000049773633,0.0013432093,0.00027093873,0.0006368805,0.000029457811,0.00019822882,0.0000039090887],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009505628,0.0000904266,0.00093066634,0.000010355495,0.00000980539,0.000003548684,0.00023267115,0.012877524,0.98489314,0.0005187166,0.00004870401,0.0002894044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005918553,0.0002713109,0.008379799,0.0001291163,0.000016594784,0.00011102347,0.0003971637,0.0013161328,0.98479813,0.00014673285,0.003746284,0.000095854084],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046552654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038131624,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018507045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012422887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004910211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34905228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3213457378","doi":"10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-7zh15","title":"In-situ fabrication of metal oxide nanocaps based on biphasic reactions with surface nanodroplets","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; National Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Alberta","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Board; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Nanomaterials; Materials science; Fabrication; Nanotechnology; Oxide; Photocatalysis; Metal; Chemical engineering; Porosity; Catalysis; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Composite material; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.030127797894069584,"score_gpt":0.2902670162024823,"score_spread":0.2601392183084127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3213457378","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8702309,0.00015693653,0.08275463,0.000997706,0.0008039019,0.0007067882,0.000024538293,0.00024119599,0.04408338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83188504,0.000031805317,0.16428307,0.00018214,0.000038404032,0.00010120618,0.00033568343,0.00007999546,0.003062667],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99637115,0.0008621048,0.0008598643,0.000979542,0.00060436886,0.0003229981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965612,0.0003872496,0.0005900131,0.0018577354,0.00049433217,0.00010946035],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085107685,0.00044800676,0.00070411543,0.00046778185,0.000055708646,0.00007145947,0.00045170545,0.00044765745,0.00053364615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029902882,0.0004017461,0.00020836043,0.0008194061,0.000093100854,0.00018167097,0.00014685874,0.00068941666,0.000051291543],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017349317,0.00059583026,0.0022421074,0.00028334808,0.00022677229,0.000034048633,0.0004307986,0.28601578,0.7040531,0.00440544,0.00024172507,0.0012975502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009170284,0.00007985787,0.014499121,0.00029338922,0.0001301971,0.00001209297,0.00028721103,0.0048681386,0.9726497,0.000492957,0.00514287,0.00062742893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047940775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011388011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28114763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030678423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004637364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3217425401","doi":"10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-b36vm","title":"Ultrafast reclamation of fracking effluents using surface-engineered nanosilicon sponges","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Imperial College London; University of Toronto; Suncor Energy Incorporated","keywords":"Land reclamation; Effluent; Diluent; Environmental science; Waste management; Wastewater; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Nuclear chemistry","score_opus":0.059168354294657416,"score_gpt":0.3189457441391442,"score_spread":0.25977738984448684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3217425401","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94550174,0.00032232128,0.049049098,0.00006611728,0.0015903149,0.00036214595,0.000024301407,0.0002516597,0.0028323059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85509634,0.00008285917,0.14393207,0.00003222586,0.00011462565,0.000013482021,0.00032018978,0.00009349976,0.0003146714],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.996612,0.00071243464,0.001025132,0.0007738085,0.00052494823,0.00035167538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972597,0.0002723198,0.00058431504,0.0012622664,0.00051730615,0.00010410055],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096241344,0.00045588505,0.0007595505,0.00025445264,0.00007205077,0.00016110086,0.00048609928,0.0007660515,0.00069563667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043119356,0.00048510433,0.00026770096,0.0003606727,0.000054678094,0.00020894285,0.0003227101,0.00062290224,0.000018560842],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023557697,0.00008573162,0.0035880245,0.00046640894,0.00021235726,0.00000489133,0.0013813653,0.3172662,0.67465144,0.00037700764,0.000012793237,0.0019302428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034768722,0.000011162655,0.007477582,0.0005159442,0.00010596029,0.000008392412,0.00042075856,0.028153302,0.96187496,0.00035289075,0.00024269795,0.0004886751],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018881101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005236068,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2891129,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002203379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016460607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200214884","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2021.12.024","title":"Bioengineered solar harvesting systems for next generation applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Computer science; Scalability; Energy harvesting; Solar fuel; Biochemical engineering; Systems engineering; Materials science; Photocatalysis; Engineering; Energy (signal processing); Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.08016022634442087,"score_gpt":0.2910165195919005,"score_spread":0.21085629324747962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200214884","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0015609267,0.0048831394,0.9889,0.00030675632,0.0010911005,0.00029875888,0.000050968938,0.00039457227,0.0025137903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.55753994,0.0009004905,0.39532223,0.0010495431,0.0064901644,0.005400845,0.005003057,0.00045161482,0.027842097],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977641,0.00030702967,0.00057422405,0.0006435492,0.00024992172,0.00046115584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980531,0.00021961695,0.00017604681,0.0008753143,0.0005021339,0.00017380231],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051150454,0.00027205978,0.00031775856,0.00015055448,0.0003571209,0.000373806,0.0002884242,0.00025021884,0.000070588016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030834562,0.00030047388,0.00016513029,0.00053340505,0.00003689747,0.0003668661,0.00005963376,0.00013916967,0.000054491436],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011096396,0.00012034726,0.0000537924,0.00010548511,0.00016585516,0.000007435049,0.00017175384,0.0476129,0.58243245,0.31088486,0.0027016439,0.055732388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042523083,0.000022669085,0.000022698101,0.000016665075,0.00005068083,0.0000311955,0.00013978555,0.11936946,0.16559094,0.0013241674,0.7126641,0.00034236076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005558401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014772058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7099625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011818629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015453556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200516320","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2021.11.063","title":"Viability of a hybrid desalinisation system using concentrated photovoltaics receivers to power seawater desalination","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alexandria Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","keywords":"Desalination; Environmental science; Photovoltaic system; Process engineering; Photovoltaics; Seawater; Electricity generation; Renewable energy; Electricity; Power (physics); Environmental engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.022717275699317748,"score_gpt":0.26355635352261886,"score_spread":0.2408390778233011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200516320","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7312327,0.00005174032,0.26726508,0.00003714265,0.001051553,0.00012457451,0.000007324902,0.00008133686,0.00014856193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88916576,0.0000069354587,0.11058804,0.000025397283,0.00011321832,0.0000051726165,0.000017337905,0.0000408253,0.00003731141],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980867,0.00029329132,0.00068807177,0.00026491092,0.0003534379,0.0003135764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983894,0.00013918456,0.00021603724,0.0003161027,0.00072979473,0.0002094651],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010238601,0.00019360236,0.00031124582,0.00018296443,0.00009323604,0.00010041997,0.0001597359,0.00008767039,0.00017273056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005168602,0.00020098618,0.00011793031,0.00042630656,0.000021723443,0.00025384742,0.000032516764,0.0002549275,0.000012080508],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053646894,0.000040452203,0.0026015462,0.00007861991,0.00010217298,0.000056815672,0.00068693026,0.3207356,0.6745112,0.0008159694,0.00003956063,0.00027748165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009174057,0.00006158553,0.003691168,0.00021954314,0.000076741126,0.00071991485,0.00035498312,0.12108602,0.86968964,0.00006306151,0.0028173767,0.00030258816],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000056605873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023346397,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19964959,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049215864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016060432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81959784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205956909","doi":"10.1039/d1se01996a","title":"Hydrovoltaic power generation from multiwalled carbon nanotubes","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmentally friendly; Carbon nanotube; Materials science; Polarizability; Electricity generation; Frontier; Nanotechnology; Interface (matter); Power (physics); Voltage; Engineering physics; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Composite material; Physics; Wetting; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.013857912307973164,"score_gpt":0.24262276211307243,"score_spread":0.22876484980509926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205956909","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9546029,0.0021902106,0.0021183887,0.0006096713,0.0015209913,0.00031656312,0.000026366222,0.00054814847,0.038066767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93041366,0.00003266243,0.0030857928,0.0006981559,0.0004887577,0.0007441137,0.0004721782,0.00014029199,0.063924395],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957387,0.0010000869,0.00063458754,0.00094182225,0.00073322945,0.00095159624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99790937,0.00018991916,0.00023491036,0.0011668922,0.00029611564,0.00020280753],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081430434,0.0004252999,0.00044516832,0.000375554,0.00079903455,0.00014725994,0.0006723356,0.00018510682,0.0032472424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022506241,0.0004686316,0.0001916326,0.00081302336,0.00007503131,0.0003101261,0.0004813672,0.00036697474,0.000024142504],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024158941,0.000439561,0.00082246104,0.000018458657,0.0003143279,0.00041286636,0.003203371,0.05935231,0.5674047,0.35895103,0.0044194637,0.0044198604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014614033,0.00018127446,0.00049715705,0.000003413385,0.00005942723,0.000011672491,0.0045753545,0.004978386,0.17979391,0.02599316,0.78170717,0.00073766743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030616127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025803497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7772877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00086348905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027560696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206970580","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04216","title":"Kinetics of Sorption in Hygroscopic Hydrogels","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nano Letters","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":188,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre; Abdul Latif Jameel Water and Food Systems Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology","keywords":"Self-healing hydrogels; Kinetics; Sorption; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Polymer; Nanoporous; Water vapor; Porosity; Porous medium; Water transport; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Adsorption; Polymer chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Water flow","score_opus":0.018656746658440294,"score_gpt":0.2626093015602924,"score_spread":0.24395255490185208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206970580","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947331,0.00005426103,0.0021130636,0.0016664399,0.00037136156,0.00011324499,0.000006296532,0.00004147515,0.00090073445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99209875,0.0000026430118,0.0061859577,0.0013931515,0.00003600744,0.00005760967,0.000021866008,0.000021334861,0.00018270405],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987779,0.00032081097,0.00028899036,0.00018930779,0.00024645287,0.00017652925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948937,0.000061601735,0.00010229476,0.00030796285,0.000013054069,0.000025721925],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025714684,0.00008519009,0.00014126571,0.0001979611,0.0000308843,0.0000075373255,0.00021660725,0.0000347409,0.00046986315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003612108,0.00009801333,0.000045462442,0.00036592403,0.000035920988,0.0000501953,0.00006530522,0.00012142872,0.000022159687],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000127932735,0.000056445304,0.004317368,0.000009678564,0.0000064460646,0.00000412798,0.00045051577,0.011535658,0.9803656,0.0007471646,0.0004861675,0.0020080649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00078869273,0.000073508476,0.0081386035,0.00000850171,0.0000101013065,0.000006320098,0.00010326638,0.0001650367,0.9348304,0.00062135654,0.05507765,0.00017654091],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020634165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012686728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.054591484,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012359992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000073506076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51446724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210367199","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72073","title":"Near Field Resonant Capacitive Heating of Water","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Evaporation; Tailings; Porosity; Environmental science; Capacitive sensing; Fossil fuel; Voltage; Petroleum engineering; Process engineering; Waste management; Composite material; Electrical engineering; Metallurgy; Geology","score_opus":0.027965349157928674,"score_gpt":0.2894345209054683,"score_spread":0.2614691717475396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210367199","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81733483,0.0001132668,0.019391106,0.0019227013,0.00029818705,0.000077719094,0.0000044678045,0.000100643294,0.16075706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8597746,0.0000057164275,0.12940478,0.0006696293,0.00005944652,0.000009178639,0.000018094639,0.0000169279,0.010041653],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990512,0.0001901098,0.00024838102,0.00019143372,0.00013339866,0.00018545012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992617,0.00018696222,0.000029305758,0.00032349103,0.00015492464,0.00004362078],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026511974,0.00007872428,0.00014733811,0.00002584879,0.00005746191,0.000024155108,0.000086394524,0.00007619431,0.0037874244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023867993,0.000056011086,0.000059696846,0.00010017151,0.0000340683,0.00006335956,0.000050874314,0.000099383746,0.0001021526],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052732765,0.00011539904,0.005888683,0.00005931634,0.00010877637,0.0000521378,0.01113706,0.00045139217,0.8668075,0.058137443,0.0017832974,0.05540622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001546336,0.000024258827,0.00070253137,0.000012797824,0.0000067076035,0.000008561247,0.00046782955,0.0006828862,0.96711,0.0024019368,0.028342845,0.00008500635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001333976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009565986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15071541,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015526464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029285597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99712324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210432966","doi":"10.18186/thermal.1067015","title":"Thermoeconomic analysis and multi-objective optimization of a novel trigeneration system consisting of kalina and humidification- dehumidification desalination cycles","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Process engineering; Desalination; Exergy efficiency; Environmental science; Condenser (optics); Multi-objective optimization; Mass flow rate; Organic Rankine cycle; Waste heat; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Heat exchanger; Mathematical optimization; Chemistry","score_opus":0.024414648512281298,"score_gpt":0.2556510124619296,"score_spread":0.2312363639496483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210432966","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5274311,0.00029160417,0.4720875,0.00001272968,0.00006170382,0.0000770242,0.00000889531,0.00001126477,0.00001823756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8626217,0.000021003094,0.13726985,0.0000028800623,0.00003625965,0.000012221068,0.000013656637,0.00001842684,0.0000039951474],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986324,0.00017050593,0.000798734,0.00014196498,0.00017004939,0.00008636164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982377,0.00020428242,0.0010989861,0.0001454999,0.00027290668,0.000040602787],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012447763,0.00011230885,0.0003319501,0.0006012316,0.000093834606,0.00002210777,0.000108867935,0.00005029272,0.000012959574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018746915,0.00011666805,0.0000888131,0.00039052198,0.000028351194,0.0002033653,0.000029772544,0.00012522354,5.543771e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032767846,0.000039678605,0.0010748943,0.000052411313,0.0002317151,2.3613185e-7,0.0007515527,0.68031496,0.31440127,0.0013950675,1.0782395e-7,0.001705353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006643644,0.000043595897,0.031368688,0.000019507826,0.0003159662,0.000022643177,0.0007077097,0.8826162,0.0841312,0.0000065288737,0.000006115437,0.00009747818],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008325665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002421357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33519065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015117036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035516678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4757585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210768319","doi":"10.3390/en15031141","title":"Investigating the Impact of Plumbing Configuration on Energy Savings for Falling-Film Drain Water Heat Recovery Systems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat exchanger; Work (physics); Heat recovery ventilation; Energy recovery; Electricity; Transient (computer programming); Environmental science; Energy (signal processing); Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.0316603515658567,"score_gpt":0.28519172277955906,"score_spread":0.2535313712137024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210768319","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917324,0.0002844207,0.0034123175,0.00039434704,0.0008644724,0.00026858263,0.00005081849,0.00015399001,0.0028386544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957939,0.000010799375,0.0011345467,0.00018895304,0.0002284159,0.0005171829,0.00022457926,0.00006345717,0.0018382008],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99767077,0.0007279905,0.0005563997,0.00034003952,0.00034437818,0.00036041462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984639,0.0006675426,0.00019643096,0.0005019306,0.0001147753,0.00005536449],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012581873,0.00022417336,0.00030904333,0.00016442407,0.00055188016,0.00013098825,0.00037220423,0.000079062214,0.0001246625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022340773,0.00015180896,0.00022549389,0.00020090908,0.00010179061,0.00017633116,0.000092003495,0.00017938405,0.0000035861494],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041408297,0.000020683248,0.00007029208,0.000018437604,0.00007692929,5.0139045e-7,0.00253413,0.7378689,0.24014007,0.017250976,0.00078277994,0.0011949105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011302519,0.000879365,0.0005751537,0.00009815587,0.000063290696,0.00002179219,0.00554182,0.11035684,0.8358227,0.016078549,0.028778294,0.0006538055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010250312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049494494,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62751204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025586053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007984144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210902646","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202100196","title":"Water‐Enabled Electricity Generation: A Perspective","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Commercialization; Electricity generation; Electricity; Sustainability; Environmental science; Electric potential energy; Electric power; Environmental economics; Process engineering; Power (physics); Business; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.039976905571049604,"score_gpt":0.37168539370474823,"score_spread":0.33170848813369863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210902646","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9287297,0.0030349435,0.01866826,0.011718298,0.00042630645,0.0011799805,0.000016615837,0.00046920637,0.03575669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98036563,0.00008999755,0.0011821816,0.00016075987,0.00014927475,0.0010526414,0.00005370111,0.00003850571,0.016907299],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9935294,0.0033904447,0.00033977051,0.00091057573,0.0008129648,0.001016857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99689037,0.00040047156,0.000039877257,0.00078053505,0.0016843044,0.00020446118],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0040307594,0.00020438278,0.00027319364,0.00040731556,0.002096082,0.000097890756,0.000409204,0.00009388707,0.0007433524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00096597365,0.00018211563,0.00007870298,0.0011577063,0.00031644586,0.00031151844,0.0005911314,0.0006821223,0.000004291856],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006382941,0.00038418165,0.00048866804,0.000047008813,0.000064389555,0.00006225171,0.004922546,0.045200907,0.02217056,0.8821412,0.00036682587,0.04351317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010178545,0.00054100546,0.00025678772,0.0000012800679,0.00000894367,0.00003367884,0.01544322,0.007488907,0.054852832,0.60272604,0.31724638,0.00038307186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030326622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023262441,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31687954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00207724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038151015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999203},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210927286","doi":"10.29169/1927-5129.2022.18.02","title":"Impact of Sand Filled Glass Bottles on Performance of Conventional Solar Still","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bottle; Exergy efficiency; Materials science; Environmental science; Solar energy; Composite material; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Exergy; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.032183084895661705,"score_gpt":0.30769169117430983,"score_spread":0.27550860627864815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210927286","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99363655,0.00013079289,0.00033607337,0.00008310175,0.00030384955,0.00008096388,0.000018623052,0.0000061398246,0.0054038847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99426395,0.000023560327,0.005514122,0.000033524557,0.00007271602,0.000006020023,0.0000020838736,0.000008116628,0.00007588274],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99773353,0.00017467672,0.00068989897,0.00016654858,0.0010382136,0.0001971161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982744,0.0002874678,0.0010388787,0.00017187248,0.00015105597,0.00007631634],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002789049,0.00011986342,0.00034514087,0.00033534068,0.00019153241,0.000022130323,0.000584809,0.000034360233,0.0012077378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000082215294,0.00008804603,0.00021036707,0.00054797635,0.00033433802,0.000157005,0.00006460276,0.00025082447,0.0000044947055],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021456198,0.001156151,0.05334679,0.0000920237,0.00040193548,0.000009167614,0.002713414,0.27023557,0.61927825,0.01933103,0.0024282727,0.028861756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0061941207,0.0087567475,0.37550023,0.00015616827,0.00017234852,0.00024554448,0.0025147262,0.013469343,0.5735878,0.008942563,0.009720719,0.00073974545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024433502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.8888587e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32215342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009567668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034211096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214525524","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2022.102053","title":"A conceptual optimum design for a high-efficiency solar-assisted desalination system based on economic, exergy, energy, and environmental (4E) criteria","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Desalination; Yield (engineering); Inflation (cosmology); Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.0191819554906922,"score_gpt":0.2736681208422221,"score_spread":0.2544861653515299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214525524","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0704521,0.0005531171,0.9250097,0.00052949385,0.00045840375,0.0005971715,0.00016918825,0.0010969541,0.0011338344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9658261,0.00005303327,0.030591602,0.000087991655,0.00002624126,0.0018510208,0.00026673722,0.0000629509,0.0012343585],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99763995,0.0003346447,0.00041567956,0.00074942404,0.00024913496,0.0006111452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988359,0.00029495033,0.00027361774,0.0004857154,0.000040093797,0.00006970325],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006984987,0.00033318019,0.00034323538,0.00040624873,0.0009492721,0.00018080407,0.00039788967,0.00021852888,0.00006643762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057545287,0.00035598353,0.00006473214,0.00019523538,0.00026158802,0.00022684284,0.00043002405,0.00014581588,4.127198e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033840202,0.0002746106,0.00010091311,0.000067860776,0.00008358246,0.000043465425,0.000080224534,0.032555167,0.0018326577,0.91254663,0.00055942195,0.051517036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006678465,0.0040394906,0.00029129031,0.0000565233,0.00017428912,0.00005797053,0.13303009,0.66375077,0.06846576,0.026918856,0.09494971,0.0015868146],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00066332653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007228697,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89537394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00096266216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013853158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998892},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214818223","doi":"10.1109/ccwc54503.2022.9720759","title":"Design and Economic Analysis of Solar Powered Drinking Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination System for a Community in Pakistan","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 IEEE 12th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Reverse osmosis; Desalination; Water scarcity; Economic shortage; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Population; Solar energy; Water resources; Environmental economics; Engineering; Waste management; Economics","score_opus":0.04418443207836094,"score_gpt":0.31753111809560924,"score_spread":0.2733466860172483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214818223","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9165873,0.0004913994,0.081822455,0.0002946765,0.00009507756,0.00042284778,0.000045480137,0.00007240825,0.00016838624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98878443,0.00016375953,0.010574197,0.00007216743,0.000009933142,0.000096129734,0.00022398321,0.000021434862,0.00005397959],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959717,0.0025786902,0.0006866216,0.0003411056,0.00015011932,0.00027179025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99744624,0.0012552154,0.00033335123,0.0007290919,0.00015420953,0.00008190656],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0040828297,0.00020944612,0.0005073217,0.00044593884,0.001048228,0.00013047237,0.00047099227,0.000103815044,0.00003341864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042561736,0.00021575803,0.00007280751,0.00040087962,0.00014090713,0.00017912287,0.00041803496,0.0005065301,5.006303e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020045512,0.00088044634,0.04032819,0.0007627253,0.0027360679,0.000005727794,0.2701393,0.3960827,0.01536923,0.06050232,0.0002718153,0.2109169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002085556,0.00023744044,0.009434095,0.00017241109,0.00062152214,0.000015282836,0.08381561,0.8959122,0.0029586775,0.0027426726,0.0013415358,0.0006630123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020579302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000541963,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49982947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014642722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004702043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8798357},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220908191","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2022.100763","title":"Thermal performance analysis of a solar still with different absorber plates and external copper condenser","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Condenser (optics); Desalination; Condensation; Solar still; Materials science; Evaporation; Distillation; Copper; Distilled water; Evaporator; Heat transfer; Environmental engineering; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Environmental science; Optics; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Mechanics; Meteorology; Engineering; Physics; Chromatography","score_opus":0.01345763151157375,"score_gpt":0.2345092414072276,"score_spread":0.22105160989565384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220908191","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.991779,0.00014602783,0.00715889,0.000049794766,0.000059854137,0.0005230677,0.0000093602675,0.000049112386,0.00022485702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97851044,0.000006638147,0.010130609,0.00010269507,0.00001544452,0.0007638592,0.00014568202,0.000049000784,0.0102756135],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99785805,0.00013835703,0.00049386045,0.0004622127,0.00043418995,0.00061330904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989843,0.00009899811,0.00019535833,0.00033709282,0.00028150002,0.00010278193],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007021613,0.00028698953,0.00047455658,0.00049754826,0.0004414179,0.00009408472,0.00027143682,0.000057533114,0.000627468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013182648,0.00022018801,0.000088397144,0.00046561324,0.00008748563,0.00023735382,0.00026704103,0.00015993229,0.0000020168898],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0063819294,0.0015817494,0.72486496,0.0018654569,0.01226391,0.00024835303,0.08172611,0.112078935,0.014195005,0.011320799,0.00050146563,0.032971315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004755227,0.0009726952,0.70506734,0.000039952418,0.0013539782,0.000045756507,0.0140898805,0.011878835,0.10837513,0.0005785212,0.1513762,0.0014664639],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029454383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041704105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15087473,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035233123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012013731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89790064},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225498990","doi":"10.1039/d1ta11029b","title":"Energy harvesting by vitrimer-based moist-electric generators","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Moisture; Electric energy; High voltage; Voltage; Self-healing; Composite material; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Physics","score_opus":0.016363572143863546,"score_gpt":0.2509129276599006,"score_spread":0.23454935551603703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225498990","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945686,0.0006080476,0.0024529046,0.00028084044,0.000723583,0.000038515976,0.00005272028,0.00005560238,0.0012191737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99050033,0.000014028914,0.006658167,0.00033793342,0.00068178796,0.000030028848,0.000061916115,0.000063299856,0.0016525025],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99746734,0.00052385224,0.0009295973,0.00023312072,0.0005283219,0.00031774605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99817425,0.00013418552,0.0010478417,0.00031571276,0.00016290024,0.00016509197],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013696888,0.0002211658,0.0004190561,0.00009605952,0.00022232726,0.0001233208,0.0005375324,0.000099966644,0.0027591693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024673447,0.00022238053,0.000132788,0.00035680758,0.00002787828,0.0001227296,0.00007520427,0.00025841917,0.0000049142336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001489864,0.00011786582,0.00003268536,0.000033387125,0.000056118024,0.000044187575,0.000027051918,0.0031741152,0.9893035,0.000023751385,0.005870689,0.0011676508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006646054,0.00005826022,0.000012950515,0.00000973048,0.00003892277,0.00021310395,0.000028517392,0.000119487275,0.88448125,0.00019576156,0.11397596,0.00020144638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020181008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.7509068e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10810527,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026869922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002441123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99815243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235674480","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.11.01.005","title":"Simulation and Economic Analysis of Solar Thermal Cogeneration System for Production of Heat and Pure Water using Membrane Distillation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Cogeneration; Payback period; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Environmental science; Waste management; Membrane distillation; Solar energy; Thermal; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Desalination; Electricity generation; Production (economics); Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.012650913532840098,"score_gpt":0.23215110966253974,"score_spread":0.21950019612969965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4235674480","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9515681,0.00009979753,0.047954712,0.000049860813,0.00023812374,0.000059720856,0.00002313328,0.000003669447,0.0000028346253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976688,0.00002667153,0.0021345215,0.0000017428137,0.00013480894,0.0000014816767,0.000014334159,0.000010505131,0.000007104275],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936205,0.000027288006,0.00034334874,0.00009676633,0.00011155315,0.000058965557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996906,0.000062751824,0.00014398983,0.000049156977,0.00002526104,0.000028261153],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024876534,0.00007909439,0.0001669833,0.00017768116,0.00002136809,0.0000120108925,0.000043628403,0.00004068213,0.000016520202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001568864,0.00005401917,0.00005351208,0.000017181435,0.00003576044,0.00026543683,0.000020633743,0.000025565038,1.0896571e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006065855,0.0000054469024,0.0029705048,0.000012178573,0.00023249534,1.8555023e-7,0.00013906321,0.49803078,0.49548757,0.000034183693,2.4973648e-8,0.003026904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041852496,0.000032756376,0.020241613,0.000034357803,0.0002053512,0.000015272584,0.000056978202,0.5929993,0.3858846,0.0000075932508,0.00003883272,0.00006483916],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018841838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011502879,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.109602965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000086101434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000028139941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22028378},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4238951711","doi":"10.5004/dwt.2021.27288","title":"Concentrated solar thermal cogeneration for zero liquid discharge seawater desalination in the Middle East: case study on Kuwait","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination and Water Treatment","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Environmental science; Low-temperature thermal desalination; Cogeneration; Seawater; Geothermal desalination; Solar energy; Environmental engineering; Thermal energy storage; Thermal energy; Solar desalination; Reverse osmosis; Waste management; Electricity generation; Engineering; Power (physics); Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.10713835156249263,"score_gpt":0.32064091221868135,"score_spread":0.21350256065618872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4238951711","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921471,0.00007693642,0.0044297646,0.0016253683,0.00020556405,0.0012822546,0.000027110436,0.00005988208,0.00014601255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99631697,0.000011390742,0.00090973126,0.00038374864,0.00009727535,0.00079858466,0.0008913288,0.000036593767,0.0005543894],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975813,0.0009669925,0.0004272805,0.00047853484,0.00023472364,0.0003111856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999169,0.00012306438,0.00007806815,0.00033909746,0.00022447073,0.000066299566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069389254,0.00026829052,0.00022611223,0.000117931915,0.0003073924,0.00020257168,0.00008313729,0.00011235148,0.00004545853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034924466,0.00015930267,0.00007438983,0.00015975209,0.000033210523,0.00025597986,0.000018570458,0.00008294481,0.000024347248],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00303,0.019892594,0.018555425,0.00017915116,0.0014141895,0.003936537,0.43899208,0.012844348,0.39688906,0.040894527,0.0001928479,0.063179225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010738128,0.0025230257,0.0028868492,0.000033054133,0.0002679414,0.00038351177,0.014203344,0.00987522,0.94895405,0.00058528536,0.0089591555,0.00059042167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002788755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028646315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.552065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018209081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034794466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64961743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240673016","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2021-7zh15","title":"In-situ fabrication of metal oxide nanocaps based on biphasic reactions with surface nanodroplets","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Board; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Nanomaterials; Materials science; Fabrication; Photocatalysis; Nanotechnology; Oxide; Chemical engineering; Metal; Surface energy; Porosity; Catalysis; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.031157492942269355,"score_gpt":0.28481409344913233,"score_spread":0.253656600506863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4240673016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762211,0.00023233023,0.01104148,0.0005638136,0.00058376626,0.0004300406,0.0000066750868,0.00014188931,0.010778948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94035244,0.000042592725,0.057740837,0.00012730571,0.000064556974,0.0001250927,0.00032749394,0.00009643191,0.001123247],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969994,0.00047804226,0.00074293517,0.0009512841,0.00050121784,0.00032713925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967204,0.00030340956,0.0006289738,0.001812252,0.0004230984,0.000111866364],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00072640966,0.00044058316,0.00068741565,0.00034510135,0.000055982637,0.00006066276,0.0004721011,0.0004633759,0.00022256085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036410853,0.00042769714,0.00021745914,0.00079387624,0.00011869168,0.0001501828,0.0001332782,0.0007354115,0.000043063115],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010549456,0.0003820729,0.0020584527,0.00031185997,0.00014596341,0.000028772976,0.00038001465,0.065747276,0.92942905,0.0007223912,0.00014440436,0.00054421235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000688968,0.00003755256,0.010684477,0.0003193492,0.00010309109,0.000007775983,0.00012844142,0.0014776189,0.98223895,0.0003019391,0.0035524785,0.0004593539],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009642565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017385196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06426966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030179505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040138868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998175},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4245077531","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.07.02.005","title":"Modeling Triple Solar Still Production Using Jordan Weather Data and Artificial Neural Networks","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Solar still; Environmental science; Artificial neural network; Structural basin; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Computer science; Geology; Artificial intelligence; Geography","score_opus":0.0274901341671573,"score_gpt":0.24619942991276453,"score_spread":0.2187092957456072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4245077531","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82691324,0.00024660912,0.17180026,0.000099769684,0.0008860579,0.000029722056,0.000004597976,0.000009361214,0.000010405186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893724,0.000052903146,0.009530798,0.000028103803,0.0009640398,6.295321e-7,0.000013908673,0.000022942995,0.000014320881],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991726,0.00004660134,0.0003005817,0.00015872886,0.000204516,0.000116971714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996674,0.00002240688,0.00009978909,0.00013230101,0.000013084487,0.00006499791],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004330486,0.000112658025,0.00012361417,0.00008468834,0.000036845504,0.00005918271,0.0002272626,0.00004505212,0.000029105166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004993413,0.000101855076,0.000030318704,0.000022419363,0.000026085509,0.00041795356,0.00012663023,0.00017456448,6.233318e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004722738,0.000019978977,0.0004469276,0.0000024556764,0.00005904965,0.0000033869292,0.00013316768,0.88315606,0.077179104,0.00005084281,0.0000011221533,0.03890068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022059807,0.00002210155,0.0009296007,0.000016252174,0.000025705154,0.00018598266,0.000060837752,0.9957108,0.002109542,0.00007818976,0.0005367653,0.00010362183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026463627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012568062,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16245914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004542053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000027233386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41535294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246259844","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.10.02.009","title":"Exergy Analysis of Modified Solar Still","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Cooling tower; Heat exchanger; Solar still; Environmental science; Exergy efficiency; Mass flow rate; Volumetric flow rate; Brackish water; Mass flow; Environmental engineering; Tower; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Water cooling; Engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Waste management; Desalination; Chemistry; Geography; Physics; Geology; Salinity; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.018435920629986793,"score_gpt":0.2379001613312458,"score_spread":0.21946424070125903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246259844","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98028606,0.0003164158,0.018582238,0.0000589481,0.0003757481,0.000016285288,0.0000142054905,0.000007256649,0.00034286478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948446,0.00004990709,0.004888537,0.000022580729,0.00010435348,8.9866614e-7,0.000011659959,0.000011539637,0.00006592345],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991333,0.000028180142,0.00034144917,0.00007720922,0.00033657553,0.00008327775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999573,0.000039238977,0.0001783453,0.00008090274,0.000029291816,0.00009924217],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027135326,0.00008924801,0.00019165997,0.00028243667,0.0000066666107,0.000015757903,0.0002158464,0.0000410494,0.000106002466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037182064,0.00007844739,0.00011343859,0.0000754112,0.00002696649,0.00017312501,0.000053771808,0.000094390285,0.0000020882612],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008567048,0.000056271358,0.0033376713,0.0000023082528,0.0012784402,0.000017438875,0.00064534805,0.8726545,0.111008644,0.00037830608,0.0000057210086,0.010529652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003248223,0.00027081577,0.2365012,0.000054969954,0.0010965228,0.00021640497,0.0008884052,0.5919185,0.1502349,0.00045905143,0.014526928,0.000584072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004228494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.727907e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28073603,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000769481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006633418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31989917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4252378687","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14665605.v1","title":"Development of a hybrid solar cascade heat pump heating system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Renewable energy; Cascade; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Process engineering; Solar energy; Meteorology; Solar System; Solar water heating; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Waste management; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.04345000436194653,"score_gpt":0.2948241405616413,"score_spread":0.2513741361996948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4252378687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7354746,0.0006703464,0.23058072,0.00009158798,0.0017443701,0.00058872026,0.00002016513,0.0005905635,0.030238941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5444768,0.000010511881,0.45413998,0.000047517515,0.00012373619,0.00015780421,0.00021698396,0.000076506134,0.0007501674],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99576044,0.0006188355,0.0015637891,0.00096877804,0.00061621796,0.00047191873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975549,0.00015617372,0.00033648702,0.0014075749,0.00036313004,0.00018171611],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015175472,0.00050085416,0.00096832926,0.00024735104,0.00014567748,0.00015144238,0.00063987623,0.00032720555,0.00041510438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016894272,0.00049055665,0.00027649742,0.00019797441,0.000042343006,0.00008454052,0.0010417658,0.00069962745,0.00006759697],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024306175,0.0013720847,0.004507038,0.033175092,0.0071610543,0.0009788825,0.063769266,0.17150435,0.5371385,0.025742479,0.0010461517,0.15336204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030189927,0.000008175525,0.00032936575,0.00097117625,0.00007224631,0.00010579799,0.003588959,0.010551572,0.9775643,0.000097725286,0.005776236,0.0006325977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024323647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015612761,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44042572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006641122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008483437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254431032","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.11.02.002","title":"Performance Improvement of Shallow Solar Pond using Nanoparticles","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Solar energy; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Waves and shallow water; Work (physics); Engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Oceanography","score_opus":0.01966157844259566,"score_gpt":0.23026841116884475,"score_spread":0.21060683272624908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4254431032","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980588,0.00020508074,0.001187484,0.00003694813,0.0003909895,0.000022781685,0.000003908231,0.000004941204,0.00008905098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99180704,0.00003640187,0.007977054,0.000018329885,0.0001229758,7.147902e-7,0.0000017723287,0.000012238831,0.000023481009],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925625,0.000012236021,0.00029471837,0.00006303904,0.00028396092,0.00008981082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967974,0.00001557744,0.00014651059,0.000057717098,0.000022598417,0.000077851786],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025520707,0.00008027407,0.00010715188,0.000077582314,0.000011715968,0.000015125101,0.00016318311,0.000027745024,0.000051867883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016607979,0.00007023177,0.00004247016,0.00002069373,0.000026515576,0.0002516597,0.000060423215,0.0000775937,0.0000020594928],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005385757,0.00003659563,0.0065842285,0.0000048948027,0.000079123056,0.000006376416,0.00029272522,0.15956178,0.8177202,0.000026763077,0.0000010718444,0.015632385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010821659,0.00019656972,0.034161024,0.000048815426,0.00003195935,0.0001776791,0.0002874905,0.12832138,0.83438975,0.000045163037,0.0011052153,0.00015276296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017702034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.0539561e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031240396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000093830706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009261499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28639683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281630344","doi":"10.3390/membranes12060564","title":"Membrane Photobioreactor Applied for Municipal Wastewater Treatment at a High Solids Retention Time: Effects of Microalgae Decay on Treatment Performance and Biomass Properties","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province; Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photobioreactor; Effluent; Pulp and paper industry; Biomass (ecology); Extracellular polymeric substance; Sewage treatment; Wastewater; Nutrient; Filtration (mathematics); Phosphorus; Hydraulic retention time; Membrane fouling; Total suspended solids; Chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Chemical oxygen demand; Membrane; Agronomy; Fouling; Biofilm; Biology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.023804077846898638,"score_gpt":0.2349794806872454,"score_spread":0.21117540284034675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281630344","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99708265,0.00030412598,0.0000034400473,0.00010621191,0.0002676098,0.0016883907,0.00006829406,0.00011140692,0.0003678502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897458,0.00012927645,0.00086981646,0.00003109187,0.00006199411,0.0027029472,0.00028298917,0.000077369565,0.006098747],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811816,0.0002977672,0.00041198297,0.00054263877,0.00024591573,0.0003835469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988567,0.0002545322,0.00019218851,0.0005721446,0.000037472706,0.00008696062],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030209924,0.00039745818,0.0005507729,0.00021224095,0.00036972328,0.000030254861,0.00018301418,0.000098861194,0.00016722103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013447121,0.0002784214,0.00015407028,0.00015235059,0.00010844561,0.00007455969,0.00008737025,0.000058451722,0.000024888514],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026630298,0.00045063943,0.00014362321,0.00051178876,0.00026062224,0.000003920983,0.0031301805,0.00042484925,0.98855734,0.000071778995,0.000017956303,0.0037642806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0043145153,0.00217246,0.00063446455,0.000032795182,0.00020732028,0.000017794797,0.000106841326,0.0009651089,0.9785651,0.000015244564,0.012672756,0.000295591],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057990896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027334225,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012654799,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004946414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030282843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283069461","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115894","title":"An integrated solar energy, wastewater treatment and desalination plant for hydrogen and freshwater production","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Wastewater; Desalination; Sewage treatment; Waste management; Environmental science; Solar energy; Chemical oxygen demand; Environmental engineering; Hydrogen; Chemistry; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.017315856342155062,"score_gpt":0.24079089158219205,"score_spread":0.22347503524003698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283069461","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9751344,0.00088272657,0.017603317,0.0027807169,0.0014110901,0.00095368404,0.00013192253,0.00034346443,0.0007587298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980991,0.0012378147,0.0068553,0.0004211104,0.00009701644,0.0006171916,0.0011952427,0.000044675224,0.008540645],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986771,0.00025167936,0.00020132604,0.00052620465,0.00013847409,0.00020523304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995159,0.000022689435,0.00007478803,0.0002489359,0.000033280976,0.00010441973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003178718,0.00019570069,0.00016319813,0.00023306032,0.00039800073,0.00006855199,0.00008171721,0.000048878963,0.00009129137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004387819,0.00016672151,0.000030302434,0.00009727625,0.00004766405,0.00018721544,0.00012186578,0.000039623574,8.084271e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024639429,0.0011700438,0.0013074751,0.0003158845,0.0012552441,0.000069607406,0.0060751783,0.008128265,0.08669086,0.1908646,0.011295277,0.69036365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013969085,0.0004077211,0.000092528346,0.000007118574,0.0000941182,0.000018794168,0.0010655548,0.016938223,0.09710581,0.0010771785,0.88157046,0.00022557464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00092829607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024876933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8702752,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000120768884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008093842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6798706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283079884","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123103","title":"Heat and mass transfer in hygroscopic hydrogels","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Abdul Latif Jameel Water and Food Systems Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre","keywords":"Self-healing hydrogels; Materials science; Desorption; Mass transfer; Chemical engineering; Water vapor; Thermal diffusivity; Sorption; Heat transfer; Thermal conductivity; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Adsorption; Polymer chemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.018917952127618334,"score_gpt":0.2822007956896771,"score_spread":0.2632828435620588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283079884","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96264094,0.0014854348,0.029269721,0.004065524,0.0011885532,0.00012358975,0.000035952697,0.000016526983,0.0011737386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968022,0.0005043797,0.001739454,0.0005234769,0.0001647617,0.000019103023,0.000010549811,0.000028022627,0.00020804703],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811214,0.00027827534,0.0006076408,0.00021935199,0.00057132466,0.00021125197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951404,0.00013077148,0.000011999166,0.00010639444,0.000111678724,0.00012508547],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066979753,0.00017165829,0.0002941985,0.00039819183,0.00008258053,0.0000732764,0.0003053113,0.00007044589,0.00071395276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016254571,0.00016041358,0.00010756613,0.00012839593,0.00006478088,0.00029255272,0.000019768562,0.00045274923,0.0000023271036],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018358913,0.00047283544,0.0627948,0.00007416395,0.00069453404,0.00078697345,0.006180199,0.009161686,0.883703,0.014293966,0.000257668,0.019744312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02859072,0.0020458808,0.040974677,0.00038922203,0.00036050897,0.0036815514,0.003071308,0.010033258,0.4264814,0.041144352,0.4413665,0.0018606097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000110166264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003148306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45722157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012163337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057971847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7817282},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283214174","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795758","title":"Design and Analysis of a Solar Powered Water Filtration System for a Community in Black Tickle-Domino","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Domino; Filtration (mathematics); Environmental science; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.04273451367755996,"score_gpt":0.2934255567375904,"score_spread":0.2506910430600304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283214174","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7520138,0.00089499843,0.24392475,0.000566958,0.00053315575,0.0013662309,0.00027892741,0.00008065322,0.00034054456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915928,0.00043464534,0.0061420198,0.00007591786,0.000032222408,0.0006463608,0.00071603456,0.000052520852,0.00030747382],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959984,0.0011732425,0.0009307106,0.00062069925,0.000567815,0.0007091428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99799037,0.00056403317,0.00040145224,0.00059596397,0.0003336883,0.000114503724],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003722591,0.00036040653,0.00071073393,0.00087098,0.00039056083,0.00013510828,0.00074952526,0.00017224833,0.00026364296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008883243,0.00036516992,0.00020918126,0.0004965229,0.000114455994,0.00019954384,0.00026884282,0.0009381369,0.0000031260072],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014592434,0.00060609874,0.0005696306,0.00018327143,0.003154588,0.0000047772173,0.007912391,0.17652044,0.22607933,0.57618797,0.00008105614,0.0072412123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027557642,0.0007764867,0.00017119847,0.000028403349,0.0006619522,0.000015830927,0.002944144,0.9060969,0.061115913,0.01560433,0.009272341,0.0005567378],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005506098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065632124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72957647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001027042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004070441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283456189","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101387","title":"Analytical and experimental study of performance of Pyrex glass Q-dot based passive solar still glass evaporator","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; Banaras Hindu University","keywords":"Materials science; Evaporator; Glazing; Coating; Fibre-reinforced plastic; Composite material; Passive solar building design; Optics; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Thermal; Physics","score_opus":0.019066230132375538,"score_gpt":0.2783517394107436,"score_spread":0.2592855092783681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283456189","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99934477,0.0001758636,0.000054462518,0.000023129847,0.000105735635,0.00020527595,0.0000051179586,0.000037275306,0.000048362985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998615,0.0000011651885,0.0012680372,0.0000075135426,0.000016865562,0.00006965313,0.0000012092521,0.000013524847,0.00000701728],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986179,0.00006446397,0.00023561681,0.00027637018,0.0005599116,0.00024572157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994414,0.000042591197,0.00008919237,0.00023049372,0.00009255898,0.00010377885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008494502,0.00012626138,0.00019949877,0.00015379561,0.00013718926,0.000029278866,0.000284946,0.000023177628,0.00004012817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003777752,0.00011271372,0.000018149885,0.0005407005,0.00032068047,0.00019516323,0.00018809047,0.00012197422,3.1841478e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00066184916,0.0025457044,0.15168452,0.0003012868,0.00014316961,0.00003145291,0.018449945,0.22055507,0.5670644,0.0020639275,0.000007959868,0.036490686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012710097,0.0019135114,0.11814759,0.000020231486,0.000033298325,0.000008862834,0.002250113,0.57851124,0.2970665,0.0000023856499,0.0004802579,0.00029501432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034205597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.832418e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35795614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052483087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061553284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4596332},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289816835","doi":"10.1002/smll.202201949","title":"Exhausted Cr(VI) Sensing/Removal Aerogels Are Recycled for Water Purification and Solar‐Thermal Energy Generation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Small","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Henan Normal University","keywords":"Aerogel; Materials science; Adsorption; Chemical engineering; Absorption (acoustics); Desalination; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry; Membrane; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.05797111423215961,"score_gpt":0.2664520719853365,"score_spread":0.20848095775317688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4289816835","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9170929,0.00027510105,0.07761741,0.0022806234,0.0010160997,0.00041159353,0.00004469398,0.00030528975,0.00095627696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94993407,0.0000150795595,0.041580006,0.0011281201,0.0006771117,0.00028248248,0.0009253141,0.00012217017,0.0053356714],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976461,0.00061288563,0.00047358597,0.00056367775,0.00025666077,0.00044708996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988349,0.00008694202,0.00019961335,0.00057296717,0.00018755184,0.00011803556],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00083879917,0.0002607433,0.00027623124,0.00018771918,0.0005974405,0.0001283206,0.00021471825,0.00015653862,0.00026495257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006655219,0.00024778303,0.0001059975,0.00017243029,0.000052245672,0.00015258465,0.00012093265,0.00017050728,0.00001265637],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021338617,0.00009964721,0.00013898453,0.000025629375,0.00009404441,0.000016098185,0.0014150877,0.0032450778,0.89257556,0.006325285,0.0013774578,0.09447374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015581899,0.00011842531,0.0009652904,0.000005889565,0.000085025305,0.0001191107,0.00037571674,0.028725376,0.6426976,0.0028491693,0.32196018,0.00054007804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003130297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017206873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32058272,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014374965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003719385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4290995029","doi":"10.1039/d2ta05216d","title":"Aerogels in passive solar thermal desalination: a review","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Renewable energy; Desalination; Carbon footprint; Solar desalination; Environmental science; Solar still; Thermal; Solar energy; Passive solar building design; Geothermal desalination; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Engineering physics; Meteorology; Engineering; Geology; Electrical engineering; Oceanography; Physics; Greenhouse gas; Chemistry","score_opus":0.06553789401597936,"score_gpt":0.35497948462557616,"score_spread":0.2894415906095968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4290995029","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00019858213,0.9973678,0.000013319045,0.00011338885,0.0007070746,0.00033707617,0.000060627306,0.00002108466,0.0011810638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000010060471,0.99682313,0.0014719655,0.000103378174,0.0008257714,0.00012551145,0.00013900947,0.00009750999,0.00040363238],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99437284,0.001607244,0.0027809585,0.0003334491,0.00058685173,0.0003186588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951047,0.00035992538,0.003652284,0.00058768666,0.00016560726,0.0001298141],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033111644,0.00048985676,0.002821928,0.00013212774,0.000056135108,0.00009235869,0.0009974436,0.00037718037,0.014156796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001045033,0.00040085224,0.00061636214,0.00041014838,0.000043974273,0.00017660484,0.0001583416,0.00078208855,0.000050650182],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058152425,0.00027339807,7.3025984e-7,0.1532573,0.000574121,0.0008322898,0.00012598275,0.000019992593,0.014344244,0.000056868663,0.002232707,0.82822424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028202657,0.000020600657,7.398993e-7,0.026243512,0.0005519882,0.0011015503,0.000012289999,1.0504999e-7,0.020880759,0.00007206867,0.95049703,0.00033730725],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007487103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.0902061e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94826436,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050127273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005859299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998443},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292952798","doi":"10.17760/d20429180","title":"Environment-friendly and efficient hornet nest envelope-based photothermal absorber","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Science North","funders":"","keywords":"Solar desalination; Desalination; Evaporation; Seawater; Environmental science; Photothermal therapy; Solar still; Desiccation; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Nest (protein structural motif); Humidity; Ecology; Nanotechnology; Geography; Chemistry; Biology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.011511866126662395,"score_gpt":0.2522847644736983,"score_spread":0.2407728983470359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4292952798","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82100993,0.0016050753,0.0040381886,0.0001376842,0.0013139951,0.0007095244,0.000059038262,0.00030661112,0.17081995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.46228763,0.00031170456,0.127578,0.0010946136,0.0005662807,0.0008236344,0.014174816,0.00074621907,0.39241707],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973968,0.0002983436,0.0005350862,0.00089546107,0.00046038383,0.00041387492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856925,0.00015808173,0.0002351452,0.0007836596,0.00006611152,0.00018776537],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035483553,0.0005006567,0.0004595012,0.00019802623,0.00012815127,0.00014475887,0.00027653735,0.00052703556,0.012514889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006822793,0.00048448436,0.00014061562,0.00017333796,0.00006819252,0.000050764527,0.000036007506,0.00035722367,0.0004545506],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024643512,0.0040031853,0.0071145156,0.0028973212,0.0021860946,0.00072477997,0.022325996,0.07371675,0.5488881,0.029755026,0.019052466,0.28687143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029296565,0.00015938353,0.06891627,0.0002040603,0.00036439186,0.000024695019,0.002895932,0.004521258,0.45406735,0.00026037404,0.46309853,0.0025580933],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005995395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018465956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44404605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099410536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001436435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293824836","doi":"10.3390/pr10081626","title":"Evaluating the Performance of a Solar Distillation Technology in the Desalination of Brackish Waters","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Brackish water; Environmental science; Distillation; Solar desalination; Multiple-effect distillation; Salinity; Solar still; Environmental engineering; Geothermal desalination; Aquifer; Groundwater; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Oceanography; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.057750661901129596,"score_gpt":0.35815022454583006,"score_spread":0.30039956264470047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4293824836","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973365,0.00046546658,0.0006550146,0.0009959725,0.00005226531,0.00020531077,0.0000032552357,0.000026841335,0.00025939534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970008,0.00004302869,0.002666149,0.000037719066,0.00001310284,0.00018348185,0.000014709945,0.000009742394,0.000031266034],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988329,0.00030877948,0.00030678295,0.00013096814,0.00031231125,0.00010825744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907196,0.00028174347,0.00024843856,0.00024151603,0.00015128648,0.0000050565727],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017913692,0.000064869506,0.000101175254,0.0001385413,0.00014685153,0.000010465288,0.0003818053,0.000032492415,0.000025686373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007996605,0.000041537303,0.000017169432,0.0010432062,0.00008112491,0.00011029515,0.00006313397,0.00014609947,0.0000012477465],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047678678,0.00050389575,0.32979888,0.0031151937,0.00008400838,0.0000014887963,0.0566131,0.25274143,0.10306799,0.009056725,0.000053700904,0.24448682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013665932,0.0012927436,0.05280937,0.0001244593,0.00010703894,0.000043740598,0.015040567,0.106181435,0.7782309,0.0367693,0.007609799,0.0004240195],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054643166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010631373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.675163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031804477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007017861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16938421},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294630972","doi":"10.1039/d2se00927g","title":"Gold nanoparticle decorated filter papers as hydrovoltaic devices","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Nanoparticle; Filter (signal processing); Materials science; Nanotechnology; Voltage; Colloidal gold; Open-circuit voltage; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.011559142243782655,"score_gpt":0.25083197223015435,"score_spread":0.2392728299863717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294630972","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8592951,0.0011055111,0.00020940613,0.0009015658,0.00060014264,0.00027121438,0.000011622451,0.0006598259,0.13694556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8294695,0.000015476637,0.00072339206,0.0021537533,0.00012435121,0.00058022985,0.0000967811,0.00010817314,0.16672832],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959367,0.00081776554,0.0005809385,0.0007962654,0.00062559644,0.0012427211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979646,0.00023093702,0.0002345246,0.0010021405,0.00027215638,0.00029563153],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009326922,0.00038803747,0.00038290702,0.0003355145,0.0007427629,0.00018976329,0.00080236467,0.00012761547,0.008392604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025014652,0.00041003322,0.00016924489,0.0015832289,0.00010517703,0.00046310757,0.000525729,0.0003238557,0.00017501443],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005373065,0.0006560425,0.002592142,0.00015965782,0.00040875303,0.001240952,0.002435776,0.056435585,0.51542753,0.38051048,0.016641516,0.022954244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006938997,0.00019714373,0.00037707068,0.0000040678988,0.000041429532,0.00003748414,0.005304973,0.00036296298,0.20500785,0.01671653,0.77078605,0.00047055946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0069911606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017875635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7541445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059241254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033547077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297828449","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2022.139193","title":"MOF-Derived nanoarchitectured carbons in wood sponge enable solar-driven pumping for high-efficiency soil water extraction","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Extraction (chemistry); Coating; Materials science; Water transport; Evaporation; Imidazolate; Water extraction; Evaporator; Carbon fibers; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Water flow","score_opus":0.013144569239793642,"score_gpt":0.23919642100393795,"score_spread":0.2260518517641443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297828449","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7898288,0.00009176981,0.20820427,0.00038076626,0.0010592766,0.00019936131,0.000008569308,0.0001482012,0.00007899279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95377755,0.000005348502,0.045341082,0.000044558037,0.00041315248,0.00017332422,0.00004143182,0.00008301379,0.00012056091],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99796504,0.00010764621,0.00053656206,0.00034919832,0.00034246247,0.0006990877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992285,0.00016465278,0.000103336475,0.0002650401,0.000061418934,0.0001770456],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077629037,0.00024886348,0.00030988813,0.00034677063,0.00022993637,0.00008993303,0.0004007694,0.00013003504,0.0002431399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026510208,0.00023182013,0.00015631349,0.00027931316,0.00002581851,0.00015610056,0.000121702156,0.0011092159,0.000005308661],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046354653,0.000058154845,0.000011933585,0.000018890196,0.000021427122,0.000017363764,0.00056926534,0.38232747,0.61596954,0.00007287048,0.000013536726,0.00087319757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012533333,0.00005096753,0.0000858898,0.000025672744,0.000022730483,0.00030815497,0.00008295985,0.09643188,0.89704496,0.00080984086,0.0035550918,0.00032850032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005166569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001773409,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2858956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005113692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058034544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9453351},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306778386","doi":"10.18280/ejee.240403","title":"The Shading Effect on Photovoltaic Generator (GPV) Based on Reverse Osmosis (RO) Desalination System in Algeria","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Electrical Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique","keywords":"Desalination; Photovoltaic system; MATLAB; Shading; Reverse osmosis; Automotive engineering; Solar irradiance; Generator (circuit theory); Engineering; Power (physics); Environmental science; Computer science; Process engineering; Meteorology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.009490142470313191,"score_gpt":0.21801447964976492,"score_spread":0.20852433717945174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4306778386","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9416607,0.0006531363,0.050490662,0.00027956438,0.0023701221,0.0004908338,0.000004537475,0.00023732996,0.0038131047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99633163,0.000005911681,0.0031579768,0.00011563961,0.00024651727,0.000016464297,0.0000025433978,0.00008063091,0.000042654552],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962577,0.0020622173,0.00063149456,0.00020272049,0.00052029855,0.0003255486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99830925,0.000985162,0.00026428464,0.00026197772,0.00006393077,0.000115396426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0048993356,0.00019722077,0.0002541778,0.00047059177,0.00021044113,0.00007278719,0.00041211577,0.000025924135,0.000028536546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010414022,0.00015560884,0.00014872159,0.0008763317,0.000008445618,0.00006543076,0.000032130378,0.00084153976,0.000016765776],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035261398,0.000058071913,0.00014713412,0.000022159946,0.000046476758,0.00031647942,0.000092084054,0.8358243,0.14788488,0.0017530798,0.00029048428,0.013212232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024862983,0.0025614179,0.004750925,0.0001496286,0.00005451015,0.00011943119,0.00003746777,0.8677089,0.08883569,0.000011806015,0.03285719,0.00042670904],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005725591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5998887e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05904919,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00081497815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040716874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6345544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306947962","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-t0jzc","title":"Floating Carbon Nitride Composites for Practical Solar Reforming of Pre-treated Wastes to Hydrogen Gas","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Phosphide; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Carbon fibers; Biomass (ecology); Catalysis; Nitride; Carbon nitride; Renewable energy; Chemical engineering; Waste management; Composite material; Composite number; Nickel; Photocatalysis; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.04589277796292656,"score_gpt":0.3398328961434586,"score_spread":0.293940118180532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4306947962","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99090403,0.00031622424,0.0026540686,0.00053870876,0.0003696785,0.0012923237,0.000038704715,0.00029146438,0.003594786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7403082,0.000028153107,0.2566911,0.00009504745,0.0003774789,0.0008317401,0.00069390313,0.00021149423,0.000762852],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99676144,0.00035536799,0.0010043276,0.00090666825,0.0004469743,0.00052521535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996631,0.00090507715,0.0006732457,0.0012800414,0.00030846093,0.00020213187],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013484244,0.00046982683,0.0008103312,0.00030240865,0.00016707457,0.000060441173,0.0006591762,0.00039449584,0.00014080219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014647123,0.00048631156,0.0003156206,0.00035195993,0.000060299553,0.00008515423,0.0009904377,0.00074616604,0.0000071057625],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049646344,0.00025730892,0.0066434927,0.0009935413,0.000552204,0.000014346535,0.0027767406,0.014571712,0.96954,0.0006495168,0.00014680099,0.0033578482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041379113,0.000096509306,0.00020287027,0.00016944377,0.00021549108,0.000011010193,0.0003219049,0.010237196,0.979814,0.0021817149,0.005842807,0.00049324194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012642291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002905842,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25403702,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035569578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022486164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308923585","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104593","title":"CAU-10-H as efficient water sorbent for solar steam generation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; National Taiwan University","keywords":"Sorbent; Environmental science; Process engineering; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Organic chemistry; Adsorption","score_opus":0.018565235409013416,"score_gpt":0.2532631415774911,"score_spread":0.23469790616847766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4308923585","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97682863,0.00016149839,0.015941171,0.0026649884,0.0034732437,0.00028731328,0.000020775235,0.00002725061,0.0005951549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98854,0.0000028049988,0.010276382,0.00016128737,0.00042516633,0.000027511427,0.000021236994,0.00003277314,0.0005128284],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982691,0.000089089,0.00067403365,0.00014893964,0.00057247194,0.0002463919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990001,0.000037736958,0.00030943606,0.0003283164,0.00021934418,0.0001051209],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00091577054,0.00015840169,0.0002882547,0.00013339681,0.00013137513,0.000020801912,0.00059111416,0.00007149056,0.00023559824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002811371,0.00010491769,0.00034924856,0.00016118518,0.000080231584,0.000109384244,0.00012643423,0.0003518578,0.000005178665],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010572801,0.00008470916,0.000001858996,0.000018073992,0.00007680039,0.0000020562109,0.00051997387,0.44386497,0.55137426,0.0011735187,0.0021462482,0.0006317918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094351394,0.00009507226,0.0000043965415,0.000012119452,0.00008018391,0.00007721626,0.00011866845,0.013503891,0.87082994,0.00043259328,0.113768764,0.00013365435],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014194337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.5428362e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4303611,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031631373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001303627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42784196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309469161","doi":"10.1155/2022/4179612","title":"Performance Evaluation of a Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector Coupled Stepped Solar Still for Indian Climatic Conditions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Photovoltaic system; Solar still; Desalination; Solar desalination; Solar energy; Electric potential energy; Environmental engineering; Thermal energy; Meteorology; Hydrology (agriculture); Atmospheric sciences; Engineering; Geography; Mathematics; Energy (signal processing); Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.04785593107967887,"score_gpt":0.2951591137721406,"score_spread":0.24730318269246174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4309469161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79612535,0.000056193403,0.20314108,0.0000046782193,0.00010668159,0.00048183659,0.00002096205,0.000040304894,0.000022919423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985556,0.000004347284,0.013836766,0.0000069930243,0.000022999004,0.00042467308,0.00009793246,0.000028894397,0.00002138932],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887735,0.00010331014,0.00038648167,0.00017899665,0.000286543,0.00016735135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992331,0.00033851617,0.000106829044,0.000148017,0.00013879483,0.00003469897],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013165697,0.00010806337,0.00017483725,0.0003240128,0.00013386909,0.000016317459,0.0000683136,0.000048393078,0.000093201495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000096728014,0.00013094342,0.00003528439,0.0003142008,0.000010915895,0.00012187667,0.000017978688,0.00012113237,5.337683e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003856323,0.00002744063,0.00092296716,0.00008461919,0.000015672684,1.319841e-7,0.0022636047,0.9894413,0.006711258,0.000041622654,4.3102503e-7,0.00045242015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013080414,0.00004646758,0.001398684,0.000022347813,0.00003281699,7.143557e-7,0.00012761058,0.99491715,0.0018149606,0.00012885271,0.000068350484,0.00013400443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005473533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000041194367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18943067,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013925471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004476899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5339718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309567714","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.069","title":"Rational design of graphite carbon nitride-decorated zinc oxide nanoarrays on three-dimensional nickel foam for the efficient production of reactive oxygen species through stirring-promoted piezo–photocatalysis","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province, China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Materials science; Heterojunction; Carbon nitride; Graphitic carbon nitride; Zinc; Nanotechnology; Piezoelectricity; Chemical engineering; Catalysis; Composite material; Chemistry; Optoelectronics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.03977837744114154,"score_gpt":0.28661781687866167,"score_spread":0.24683943943752013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4309567714","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9631809,0.00031148645,0.034594197,0.00044633207,0.0007339782,0.00062292255,0.000018230414,0.000009513345,0.000082454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859985,0.000014156099,0.013636759,0.000027652224,0.000046030156,0.000037740552,0.0000022742029,0.000014120616,0.00022276433],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973985,0.00024783585,0.00076967414,0.00033446285,0.0010346092,0.00021494576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967662,0.0005252391,0.001148853,0.00031350527,0.001184918,0.000061269406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035481872,0.00016808057,0.00034769383,0.00040332382,0.0004811542,0.000038767394,0.00054036925,0.00003752121,0.000029786559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009439518,0.00011918189,0.0001267763,0.0014776357,0.0006103081,0.00024299938,0.000113199254,0.0002586461,3.3518663e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008250151,0.00013140518,0.000077441415,0.0000075753696,0.000067330606,2.1457095e-7,0.0006800776,0.29809466,0.6995803,0.00036431797,0.00006767714,0.00010396882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058978744,0.00087966735,0.00197564,0.000054285578,0.000075829674,0.000042516105,0.0009862346,0.03915563,0.9544038,0.0013069236,0.00040570466,0.00012397618],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001098237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009715146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25893903,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019664702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043127374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48600963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312185084","doi":"10.1002/solr.202201014","title":"Systematic Review of Material and Structural Design in Interfacial Solar Evaporators for Clean Water Production","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar RRL","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Evaporation; Solar energy; Environmental science; Process engineering; Vaporization; Engineering physics; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.026909258325535715,"score_gpt":0.2886438263863711,"score_spread":0.2617345680608354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312185084","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9696774,0.005054721,0.011702154,0.0007903002,0.0045819804,0.007799965,0.00013404505,0.00018596447,0.00007351014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889474,0.00012045457,0.009475374,0.00013708549,0.00015821468,0.00078638707,0.00012969843,0.00006399282,0.00018139869],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971775,0.0012961221,0.0007331418,0.00033160174,0.00022396972,0.0002376964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923295,0.00005218175,0.00021440373,0.0003691697,0.0000915063,0.000039788592],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002806673,0.00016631394,0.0005116973,0.00013842335,0.00013562183,0.000029668678,0.000210498,0.0000541602,0.00025270734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004015893,0.00013120883,0.000070395734,0.00015622441,0.0000429443,0.00016980083,0.00010671617,0.00014231596,0.000005405865],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016484637,0.00021495717,0.0007992658,0.59066623,0.0005052204,0.000015146619,0.014987703,0.0019011456,0.3805011,0.0020039496,0.0014818612,0.0052749678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012585025,0.00055870146,0.00021218532,0.011512519,0.0004039963,0.00010083054,0.001401591,0.0013914809,0.97382987,0.007035133,0.0015907015,0.00070448633],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005275411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009347596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5933288,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000104049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030586027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5350541},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312297657","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2022-87279","title":"Numerical Investigation of Flow and Thermal Behavior in Channels With PCM-Filled Thermal Energy Storage Columns for Potential Application in Photobioreactors","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Photobioreactor; Phase-change material; Computational fluid dynamics; Thermal; Materials science; Heat transfer; Environmental science; Channel (broadcasting); Mechanics; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Thermodynamics; Biofuel; Engineering; Waste management; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.014936538538347643,"score_gpt":0.24293717284464694,"score_spread":0.2280006343062993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312297657","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9814922,0.000026099038,0.017322836,0.00010878328,0.00009375047,0.0006972669,0.000023994016,0.000046975325,0.00018808819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98707175,0.0000021311766,0.010137188,0.00008758784,0.000038836042,0.0023062811,0.00019729286,0.000042055926,0.000116884316],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983766,0.00035953,0.0004073176,0.00037851153,0.00024084985,0.0002371721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999339,0.00009349805,0.00017971448,0.00026198066,0.000055397857,0.000070440794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047454733,0.00016577891,0.00026709432,0.00024983316,0.0000787546,0.000019536554,0.00017024044,0.000090388705,0.00018643176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015399835,0.0001567055,0.00004439493,0.00044689781,0.000073804455,0.0001415467,0.00005263506,0.0001479122,5.583857e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011048565,0.00051016256,0.05504993,0.00003534542,0.000040253773,0.000010189224,0.0038281395,0.13323313,0.7877149,0.0023485522,0.000028164684,0.016096368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0071002445,0.00095991435,0.32450584,0.000016691458,0.00008635372,0.000025859037,0.0013950948,0.36630917,0.29650822,0.0005013926,0.0017514385,0.0008397569],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046094777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028139682,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49120668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011437356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006448219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69681823},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312946676","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4272955","title":"Experimental Study of Absorption and Desorption Performance Using Bench-Scale Split-Flow Pilot Plant","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Flow (mathematics); Desorption; Absorption (acoustics); Environmental science; Materials science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Mechanics; Chemistry; Chromatography; Physics; Composite material; Geography; Adsorption; Cartography","score_opus":0.030077719361113916,"score_gpt":0.27860485178670286,"score_spread":0.24852713242558894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312946676","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99601156,0.001025174,0.0023698388,0.000020813362,0.00023692167,0.00021306997,0.000004715245,0.000027190525,0.000090711044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976507,0.00016960369,0.0018348761,0.000015599084,0.000113441994,0.0000257874,0.000012669703,0.000030706033,0.00014662392],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976218,0.00044272508,0.00042151194,0.00024553036,0.00042072582,0.00084775646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993888,0.000027917062,0.00027427837,0.00020308446,0.00004433967,0.00006154847],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019410355,0.00015548556,0.00020181588,0.00019853508,0.00047009066,0.000033516226,0.0002048261,0.000032062042,0.00015094176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009172049,0.00015770376,0.00004393332,0.00020490272,0.00003527669,0.00024583508,0.00009017895,0.0009550688,0.0000027800945],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021607755,0.0047068503,0.051822856,0.00003463981,0.00048541697,0.000009263432,0.014122927,0.068336494,0.8141995,0.011604978,0.000022094317,0.03249423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.027685229,0.06251032,0.093021214,0.00011858893,0.00075925834,0.0131464135,0.2294371,0.28982592,0.23685485,0.041176353,0.0023430395,0.0031217157],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032450035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013129714,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57734466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010460416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027562212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6430973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317042913","doi":"10.1139/cjc-2022-0174","title":"A flexible, high-efficiency, and low-cost FeS<sub>2</sub>@CTS hydrogel film for solar interface water evaporation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Chemistry","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Evaporation; Desalination; Photothermal therapy; Coating; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Seawater; Molar absorptivity; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Optics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.017781086761797307,"score_gpt":0.2551879979480034,"score_spread":0.2374069111862061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4317042913","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99230695,0.00017852939,0.0055024936,0.00092932343,0.00043021006,0.0001579874,0.00005852553,0.0000402174,0.0003957451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99809206,0.00002128203,0.0005526807,0.00011554166,0.00030466812,0.000020421952,0.00009143174,0.000049721773,0.00075221015],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984616,0.00004657831,0.0005175115,0.0002583932,0.00019635208,0.000519553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846065,0.00008815822,0.0002118341,0.00028055356,0.00030195934,0.00065686164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00083260273,0.00020462966,0.00027345755,0.00019726022,0.00019637078,0.00014061182,0.00031687063,0.00021165209,0.00011085807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003339116,0.0001832763,0.000102199076,0.00026215895,0.00010605548,0.00021757878,0.000023044331,0.0002910213,0.000047474783],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041982556,0.000013429308,0.00016434556,0.00012863505,0.00005355636,0.00005630577,0.000998807,0.0044311434,0.9836492,0.000035513924,0.0049877022,0.0054393974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006756603,0.000028252105,0.00019336642,0.00008031238,0.000028757113,0.0001238356,0.0002204753,0.0014776611,0.98297024,0.001424679,0.012557969,0.00021878304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031596777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043161763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007570267,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020969285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005740638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74737906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317867372","doi":"10.1021/acsami.2c21260","title":"Robust, Scalable, and Cost-Effective Surface Carbonized Pulp Foam for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; China Scholarship Council; Shandong Energy Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences","keywords":"Materials science; Carbonization; Process engineering; Pulp (tooth); Composite material; Waste management; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.047559313378016034,"score_gpt":0.28839904445507275,"score_spread":0.24083973107705672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4317867372","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98893577,0.00018361954,0.0041776504,0.00021057375,0.0014571117,0.0037326564,0.0001849045,0.00056025974,0.00055744906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98754305,0.000074395706,0.0083861565,0.00008929596,0.00031725192,0.0024619764,0.00031543346,0.00012337316,0.0006890923],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972837,0.0003332526,0.00065292604,0.00084492576,0.00027786815,0.00060730474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984727,0.00042570356,0.00028546006,0.00053457514,0.00017334936,0.00010821234],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018176354,0.00042150842,0.0006142825,0.00016774374,0.00027504232,0.0004000359,0.00032018547,0.0002806631,0.00009254572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015163147,0.00039090496,0.000030372485,0.00032625507,0.0001136203,0.00013112188,0.00020590282,0.00012066715,0.00018864246],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032273593,0.000047607376,0.000008968771,0.00009451042,0.00010425868,0.000001256291,0.00076575944,0.038856745,0.95193315,0.0022701286,0.0010472987,0.004547611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015305986,0.00010262803,0.00013912607,0.000025885485,0.00008099918,0.0000032783985,0.00031819288,0.0019779305,0.9916253,0.00068272144,0.0030909106,0.0004224319],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002598478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038735354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.039692175,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013161548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036574067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985427},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318406189","doi":"10.1002/exp.20220061","title":"Recent advances in two‐dimensional materials for hydrovoltaic energy technology","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Exploration","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Government of Jiangsu Province; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Renewable energy; Electricity generation; Nanotechnology; Electricity; Electronics; Materials science; Nanomaterials; Energy transformation; Process engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.11207776093563775,"score_gpt":0.40700718266428354,"score_spread":0.2949294217286458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4318406189","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000036918193,0.99319977,0.00317766,0.00020085803,0.001906099,0.0008321052,0.000068858484,0.00040637568,0.00020455965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000034505902,0.9854524,0.0060148286,0.00003421652,0.0004498902,0.004728474,0.0024574262,0.0001514244,0.0007078929],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99691635,0.00049084437,0.001192954,0.00071225467,0.00030743284,0.00038017263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822,0.00034685028,0.0005852387,0.00057637,0.00022195838,0.000049569255],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011021046,0.00042323302,0.0012338567,0.0010896977,0.000085220956,0.00005519183,0.00034090367,0.0004353498,0.00013249664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006699628,0.00038840182,0.00014052504,0.0012715958,0.000049330178,0.00048761533,0.00008668103,0.0001760069,0.00027653127],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014852445,0.0000319385,1.1204815e-7,0.00095020933,0.000032285025,0.0000039496354,0.000030267383,0.00062402454,0.00016903438,0.018311996,0.00045888356,0.97937244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028652063,0.000037302572,7.003781e-8,0.0016169646,0.00007067181,0.0000059271847,0.000017426219,0.000084197156,0.0014251836,0.04218061,0.95392185,0.00035329885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003440128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029247647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97901917,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036423007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021870696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985677},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318537928","doi":"10.5944/bicim2022.266","title":"Generación de hidrógeno a partir de la gasificación solar de combustibles sólidos utilizando un reactor de medios porosos híbrido","year":2022,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Congreso Iberoamericano de Ingeniería Mecánica-CIBIM 2022","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Physics","score_opus":0.016114250870850003,"score_gpt":0.2945027899512559,"score_spread":0.2783885390804059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4318537928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93054146,0.023680074,0.032619677,0.0032968537,0.0017784024,0.0019461231,0.0012992227,0.0012422961,0.003595896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9259249,0.0049916124,0.05779182,0.0042811595,0.0013210314,0.0023275244,0.0004920796,0.0008859233,0.0019839332],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.96892124,0.018422736,0.0026472802,0.0029920638,0.0020919363,0.004924711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98674405,0.0042276196,0.0020090821,0.0038980627,0.0004893811,0.0026317989],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01135096,0.0019268836,0.0023907032,0.001081837,0.0024756526,0.0011148896,0.0041912715,0.0011131115,0.00830551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005193416,0.0023519131,0.0012703968,0.0031778784,0.00233675,0.0004841471,0.0019336332,0.004356275,0.00019424298],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025506672,0.002802501,0.11809,0.00043966196,0.0033372163,0.0037733694,0.028908398,0.013286988,0.69458246,0.0072651436,0.029709801,0.095253795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0062543666,0.001074038,0.013265121,0.000246729,0.0024268557,0.004129268,0.008887429,0.036936436,0.30546647,0.0048387055,0.61252505,0.0039495206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002996428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000074593576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58281523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0054325336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006274252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319160804","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24867","title":"Design and simulation of a novel solar photovoltaic system assisted single‐slope solar still distillation unit","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"King Abdulaziz University","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Renewable energy; Desalination; Process engineering; Solar desalination; Solar energy; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Environmental science; Solar still; Distillation; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.05250753452723025,"score_gpt":0.25135937803332026,"score_spread":0.19885184350609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319160804","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69726837,0.00013783805,0.30194223,0.00009404099,0.00025900058,0.00016153931,0.000010534327,0.00006153964,0.000064904016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98758453,9.070634e-7,0.012246775,0.0000092899245,0.00009665035,0.0000026410182,0.0000073318333,0.000037200647,0.000014695396],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886554,0.00007734375,0.0004857991,0.000109428336,0.0002162888,0.0002455741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99857813,0.0005037537,0.00023002256,0.00018521257,0.00023103204,0.00027186036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009363986,0.00013939818,0.00024803102,0.00028317692,0.00005715275,0.000056590292,0.0001976221,0.00012032588,0.0000115547755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00070983765,0.0001174676,0.000060637536,0.000509953,0.000049939237,0.00012530659,0.000014185323,0.00024436912,0.0000023690434],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012356152,0.0000032703167,0.000041504536,0.00004223126,0.00003549088,0.0000060892744,0.00031716685,0.58389676,0.41469878,0.00009294364,0.0000052543933,0.0008481733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039386368,0.000024260327,0.0009458689,0.00013028871,0.00005224989,0.00006940607,0.000041371666,0.81089634,0.18664813,0.00004077846,0.0006326241,0.00012483374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00063260883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050893614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29031613,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023135166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015617015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.479019},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319791618","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202212301","title":"Stable, Cost‐Effective TiN‐Based Plasmonic Nanocomposites with over 99% Solar Steam Generation Efficiency","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Materials science; Tin; Plasmon; Energy conversion efficiency; Graphene; Photothermal therapy; Absorption (acoustics); Plasmonic nanoparticles; Chemical engineering; Tin oxide; Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle; Nanocomposite; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Metallurgy; Doping","score_opus":0.023197277040467205,"score_gpt":0.2742773201550775,"score_spread":0.2510800431146103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319791618","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95491636,0.000060151237,0.03991428,0.000101711776,0.0020437604,0.0014282748,0.00016000748,0.000662353,0.0007130848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982629,0.000017119877,0.012121364,0.000273311,0.00040959107,0.0018098366,0.0014332697,0.00010413931,0.0012023842],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99737155,0.0004662746,0.00047248177,0.0006755807,0.000514355,0.0004997808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99845606,0.00046389515,0.00025474647,0.00046483966,0.000250095,0.000110367626],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069721835,0.00034610817,0.0003714128,0.00027413384,0.00035487188,0.00014021214,0.00017663302,0.00015083385,0.0013796631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016204784,0.00029964538,0.00006746218,0.0007111563,0.00008603701,0.00048306506,0.000050636492,0.00012726769,0.00073065615],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053080876,0.000077059645,0.00032992274,0.000029844172,0.000053584066,0.0000063729567,0.000045632587,0.15789503,0.83630013,0.0015971805,0.0004506553,0.002683778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017998725,0.00025527418,0.0130589865,0.000039422226,0.000040160885,0.000008318849,0.00003033085,0.0023189844,0.96765655,0.00045578874,0.013947227,0.00038909196],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000062304745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021670785,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15557604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021476431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010506583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320015167","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4325772","title":"A Novel Analytical Performance Investigation of Varying Water Depth in an Active Multi-Stage Basin Solar Still in Addition to Optimization of Water Depth in a Single Stage Basin Still","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Stage (stratigraphy); Structural basin; Solar still; Single stage; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Geomorphology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Paleontology","score_opus":0.057931233734332226,"score_gpt":0.30699529577955736,"score_spread":0.24906406204522513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320015167","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9283145,0.000012023834,0.07097172,0.00016764198,0.000072141156,0.00034978197,0.000025065134,0.0000365669,0.000050546143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98276764,0.00006093302,0.016530836,0.00005920287,0.000043407617,0.000036458474,0.00025828127,0.00006511124,0.0001781067],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99575263,0.00069253246,0.0010763797,0.0004535493,0.00044309878,0.0015818004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894166,0.00010624598,0.0002923093,0.000304507,0.00021793738,0.00013732271],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035972018,0.00027917,0.00047043688,0.001609969,0.0000549295,0.000045742654,0.000307311,0.00021787724,0.00007773014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029146005,0.00023423045,0.00007963083,0.001131016,0.00007344581,0.0010444276,0.0000734466,0.0011758436,0.000012160646],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005659924,0.00034521465,0.040242016,0.000055086988,0.00004419974,0.000008078471,0.0075886915,0.6918829,0.25335097,0.0002919156,9.2480747e-7,0.005623997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033643625,0.0006029655,0.09534732,0.00020098715,0.000027210206,0.000022166272,0.0021214043,0.42886478,0.4681976,0.0008052702,0.000044360684,0.00040156857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009312398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009046248,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26301813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015615883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045504447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9551641},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320033025","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.2c09163","title":"Water Self-Purification with Zero External Consumption by Livestock Manure Resource Utilization","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Environmental science; Pollutant; Resource recovery; Wastewater; Manure; Biomass (ecology); Resource (disambiguation); Portable water purification; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Chemistry; Computer science; Ecology","score_opus":0.01903683170408454,"score_gpt":0.25940597133776,"score_spread":0.24036913963367545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320033025","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841809,0.00008930138,0.012913825,0.0007791457,0.000092373506,0.00032730575,0.000008502079,0.0010049293,0.0006036753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98733497,0.00009179538,0.010512135,0.00008363526,0.00001979691,0.00012659314,0.00011141985,0.000033582808,0.0016860894],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978242,0.00009107169,0.00026803892,0.00073827244,0.00051835075,0.00056006387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909645,0.0000232243,0.00011249207,0.00065546116,0.000011583394,0.00010078429],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00060686446,0.00020093957,0.00014222987,0.0006275462,0.0004573264,0.00006211851,0.0006458569,0.00021388661,0.00031694246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022264712,0.0001589274,0.000025274074,0.00094022526,0.0012081745,0.00037092608,0.00018733174,0.00022581001,0.0017380086],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018932134,0.00009095497,0.020971041,0.000005065875,0.0000075268076,0.000005478092,0.00053671014,0.0004782923,0.9627155,0.0018070501,0.0002566693,0.013106801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038159284,0.00015032984,0.031778377,0.00001267758,0.000017145503,0.00005696904,0.0003509578,0.001149071,0.89897734,0.0021148254,0.06472964,0.00028110598],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011276708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016681911,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.064472966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031621353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000151834265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99903923},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320034033","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4355041","title":"An Integrated Solar-Powered Desalination System Incorporating Adsorption-Vapour Compression and Nanofiltration Technologies (Solar-Nf-Advc)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofiltration; Desalination; Adsorption; Solar desalination; Solar powered; Vapor-compression refrigeration; Materials science; Compression (physics); Solar energy; Process engineering; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Civil engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Membrane; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.017034097980466182,"score_gpt":0.279388092019786,"score_spread":0.2623539940393198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320034033","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75966203,0.0010014101,0.23465557,0.00065689115,0.00067248865,0.0004857161,0.000011520056,0.0025063073,0.00034805966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98924637,0.00080095034,0.009082194,0.000018077058,0.00018953544,0.000056482197,0.00022260402,0.00008563715,0.0002981222],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99548537,0.0009991522,0.00085130084,0.0005591939,0.00051927986,0.001585717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998085,0.00016904014,0.0006881612,0.0004957462,0.00044003708,0.00012199921],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004762398,0.00037673648,0.00039025923,0.0007539278,0.00068104727,0.00037550114,0.00051519164,0.0004374828,0.000011705882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043639296,0.00033529254,0.000096716314,0.0012036109,0.00011112986,0.0011123389,0.000076560624,0.0018676406,0.00007312947],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002631116,0.00014777454,0.007110251,0.00009323534,0.00025116446,0.000019017873,0.0009959707,0.003740758,0.4916265,0.26791495,0.000092480666,0.22774477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057002697,0.0020729485,0.009201891,0.0008792178,0.00029852628,0.0026879073,0.09320423,0.22833979,0.21775264,0.43396392,0.0035557302,0.0023429408],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000220839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005441902,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27387387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011762552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007915121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320494241","doi":"10.1080/02286203.2023.2176674","title":"Numerical examination of water production by underground condensation system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Modelling and Simulation","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Condensation; Humidity; Environmental science; Water vapor; Hydrology (agriculture); Groundwater; Relative humidity; Inlet; Air temperature; Environmental engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Geology; Atmospheric sciences","score_opus":0.05194302902037918,"score_gpt":0.3123812372492187,"score_spread":0.2604382082288395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320494241","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6308302,0.000036617275,0.36796436,0.00023222598,0.00071512605,0.00005182306,0.0000022406225,0.000033692715,0.00013367723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972591,0.00003775557,0.002112821,0.000009907491,0.0002679837,0.0000022554277,0.00007193889,0.000016878626,0.0002214008],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983754,0.00016710932,0.000637636,0.00014894597,0.000569143,0.00010173268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984181,0.0001811842,0.0003880227,0.00009029457,0.00088086847,0.0000415557],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012589162,0.00009536296,0.00016404157,0.00035576575,0.0000535617,0.00005005571,0.00012092505,0.000088016845,0.000012279051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010332844,0.00007861595,0.000057342655,0.00013706188,0.000028198223,0.0004173095,0.000014424724,0.00011052289,0.000010266455],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000079926176,0.000028335198,0.00019169916,0.000021689773,0.000068413974,0.0000021227886,0.00111999,0.9727861,0.018558925,0.0013599357,0.000024217057,0.005758633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000443129,0.00004514519,0.0005633192,0.00006604437,0.000025437881,0.000023981469,0.00029613168,0.9566534,0.03875351,0.0025229864,0.0005230439,0.00008384314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039426748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.7438454e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36642882,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012301804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016301927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32058653},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362698642","doi":"10.1080/01457632.2023.2199536","title":"On the Energy Performance of the Geothermal Dehumidifier of the Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat Transfer Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Iran National Science Foundation","keywords":"Desalination; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Solar desalination; Inlet; Process engineering; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.019450503118184147,"score_gpt":0.21494811960971436,"score_spread":0.19549761649153022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362698642","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97205865,0.00008240923,0.025263904,0.00052917,0.0006205955,0.00034397177,0.000013204711,0.00019208263,0.0008959811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993334,0.00003920048,0.000114811875,0.000038341146,0.00006949313,0.0001698712,0.000009932826,0.00005602194,0.00016896024],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998285,0.00025422694,0.00052580074,0.00023533864,0.00044920808,0.0002504303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844104,0.00037233342,0.000039314793,0.0009823848,0.00013235575,0.000032566077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007658948,0.00019443741,0.00019162714,0.00012801631,0.00018809817,0.000018690296,0.000644071,0.000119884935,0.000027762298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000086970475,0.00011102518,0.00016990096,0.0010541553,0.000081645354,0.00009128191,0.000025332158,0.00019475189,0.000014040929],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020321073,0.00002602509,0.0003702435,0.000246819,0.000044486,1.0845407e-7,0.0008909078,0.29663092,0.4306151,0.2702409,0.000027165563,0.0008870179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018998183,0.000018897563,0.032237966,0.00014061117,0.000034401197,0.0000030894473,0.00010867186,0.094660446,0.8713311,0.00008060217,0.0010638769,0.00013035566],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012630857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007823706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44071603,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009326734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038502425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45274755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4364320908","doi":"10.31788/rjc.2021.1618165","title":"GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CODOPED ZnO NANOPARTICLES VIA THE ACCUMULATION OF COBALT ION ONTO PISTIA (Pistia stratiotes L.,) PLANT TISSUE AND ITS PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY TOWARD ORGANOSULFUR POLLUTANTS","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Apotex (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Dibenzothiophene; Pistia; Thiophene; Cobalt; Flue-gas desulfurization; Stratiotes; Zinc; Nanoparticle; Bimetallic strip; Organosulfur compounds; Sulfur; Materials science; Inorganic chemistry; Chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Organic chemistry; Catalysis; Nanotechnology; Aquatic plant","score_opus":0.052074824026821696,"score_gpt":0.3021698061109841,"score_spread":0.2500949820841624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4364320908","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984426,0.00010304098,0.0006452682,0.00040888647,0.000063232656,0.00013792957,0.0001387725,0.00001935497,0.000040900315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994654,0.00010553413,0.0002208081,0.000008963304,0.000091105365,0.000003886901,0.000019483523,0.000022226977,0.00006260006],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985853,0.00017154113,0.00059445977,0.00017405263,0.00031531727,0.00015936956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982827,0.0003634023,0.00084689824,0.00020325829,0.00020455508,0.000099193436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007194426,0.00016381635,0.0003597134,0.00006604165,0.000070905146,0.000038473732,0.00018877172,0.00012220418,0.000075836484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004563146,0.0001311914,0.000042215735,0.0002618686,0.00009948147,0.00026561713,0.00004494622,0.00013843605,0.0000019028481],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021708281,0.000040929343,0.0011762228,0.00025485782,0.00008455783,0.000005896095,0.0006165368,0.00005242623,0.99023956,0.000015862517,0.0000041996177,0.007291868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035689416,0.000042853935,0.07421134,0.00012898089,0.00010516503,0.00008436135,0.00009384385,0.0018784652,0.92278486,0.0001706412,0.000031834214,0.00011074755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000069410926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000874143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07303511,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004140515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008609844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.534983},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4364861451","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4415031","title":"Photothermal Mxene/Pvdf Nanofiber Membrane for Highly Efficient Oil/Saltwater Separation and Distillation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Nanofiber; Membrane; Membrane distillation; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Distillation; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Chromatography; Desalination; Engineering","score_opus":0.024508685398286822,"score_gpt":0.31058317857056855,"score_spread":0.28607449317228173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4364861451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8116715,0.0023777103,0.17773113,0.0022538814,0.0036317266,0.000879697,0.000090023415,0.00047716056,0.00088715885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96769005,0.0027749203,0.007428994,0.00010318013,0.0017377788,0.00031073228,0.00048636599,0.0003090056,0.019158999],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99521995,0.00045946936,0.0008984904,0.0007928713,0.0005093869,0.0021198506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981038,0.00023656983,0.00065904955,0.0005441214,0.00029645435,0.0001600237],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037460462,0.00051662547,0.00055519043,0.0003921142,0.00037373274,0.0003140898,0.00040750712,0.000552342,0.000052627154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014838408,0.0004672238,0.00029621366,0.00018999932,0.000075763586,0.00013115126,0.00017343953,0.0019133888,0.000081269915],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0029250213,0.00053604186,0.0011215209,0.0012922161,0.0038275046,0.000024675992,0.0069005922,0.36611012,0.22840722,0.25839633,0.0007939822,0.1296648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008776106,0.0009933194,0.0035191197,0.00065566925,0.0013936537,0.00096409564,0.0012473894,0.15585767,0.08987514,0.6675914,0.0650186,0.0041078464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028354346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005844532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40919507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001307581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011788162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367044592","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108354","title":"Numerical investigation of thermo-fluid behaviour in a channel with PCM-filled columns","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Thermal; Photobioreactor; Thermal energy storage; Offset (computer science); Phase-change material; Channel (broadcasting); Column (typography); Heat transfer; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Thermodynamics; Biofuel; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Waste management","score_opus":0.046172171061914374,"score_gpt":0.32532687895624907,"score_spread":0.2791547078943347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367044592","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955149,0.000039216022,0.00046217706,0.0018603003,0.0005268951,0.00006511038,0.000003894004,0.000018764216,0.0015087198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966664,0.000013970371,0.0029537044,0.00010334844,0.00013883605,0.000006171987,0.0000027220542,0.000009800429,0.0001050962],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99801475,0.00022911662,0.0005196456,0.00014965996,0.0009146072,0.00017220563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998827,0.00018179101,0.000483671,0.00008855259,0.0003457731,0.000073207186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015867469,0.00009639872,0.00018764251,0.0004865216,0.000046236517,0.00005598567,0.00080189406,0.000049475824,0.00015255214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018509975,0.00006911396,0.00007272966,0.0007647496,0.00024043638,0.00038490718,0.00004439482,0.00013977705,0.000015825452],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00077112037,0.00027076702,0.51160693,0.00001407345,0.0002486252,0.00021969176,0.009826453,0.18160246,0.27749723,0.0062612644,0.00038885218,0.011292521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015361693,0.0005264066,0.89881647,0.00019941674,0.000022057395,0.00014477533,0.0012812206,0.011750076,0.080057815,0.0051262164,0.00030327792,0.0002361024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004211067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046107067,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38720953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006323822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015673474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28183854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367171847","doi":"10.18280/mmep.100235","title":"Exergy Analysis of a Simple Solar Still Augmented with a Flat-Plate Solar Collector","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); Exergy; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Solar energy; Environmental science; Materials science; Optics; Physics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.032313699264014936,"score_gpt":0.24442730687683084,"score_spread":0.2121136076128159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367171847","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24570435,0.000057938698,0.7535244,0.000029748753,0.000022857197,0.00015967745,0.000012764301,0.00034579166,0.00014242704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8637131,0.00004968664,0.13553722,0.0000077395225,0.000018999717,0.0000994219,0.000057963534,0.000078219346,0.0004376781],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983947,0.000044553333,0.0005122338,0.00035228377,0.00028864978,0.0004075732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989709,0.00031191148,0.00009626815,0.00038579095,0.000084994084,0.00015013173],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006018294,0.00024831895,0.0005960394,0.00055844884,0.00006379734,0.000057381116,0.00014871059,0.00012320353,0.000062675645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007394784,0.00020558246,0.000110269655,0.0017622241,0.00003895384,0.00008368302,0.00004747514,0.00017052241,0.000019229466],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019408637,0.000032794575,0.00004726181,0.00038367984,0.00071502523,0.000004108697,0.0015682967,0.9891769,0.0045126574,0.003345603,0.000011617118,0.00018263675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003228433,0.000058251848,0.000045290304,0.000116292504,0.0004260182,0.0000037813022,0.00004523412,0.98995596,0.0033752925,0.0047483803,0.0006580907,0.00024456508],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008738283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055651053,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61800873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029162813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016142405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83834094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367321850","doi":"10.18280/mmep.100217","title":"Performance of Solar Pond Integrated with Thermoelectric Generator: A Theoretical Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Solar energy; Thermal; Thermoelectric effect; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Thermal energy; Thermoelectric generator; Salinity; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Geology; Physics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Oceanography","score_opus":0.022559845165156706,"score_gpt":0.22608211479850573,"score_spread":0.20352226963334902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367321850","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6983097,0.0000355027,0.30088213,0.000015787733,0.000020053987,0.00020084022,0.0000010634632,0.00024769825,0.0002871881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9623643,0.000027072907,0.037356835,0.0000034637249,0.000020072754,0.00008068276,0.000004712102,0.000056726483,0.0000861332],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987779,0.00006127088,0.00035715595,0.00026078796,0.00023390437,0.00030897866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932915,0.00017969374,0.000046434627,0.00028821576,0.00006711494,0.000089405934],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008243784,0.00020268805,0.00031471383,0.00018864762,0.000055113844,0.00003952045,0.00014388625,0.00008287167,0.000032217362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004653108,0.00014240864,0.00003163659,0.00061529176,0.000060888608,0.00006501754,0.000032240223,0.00021959242,0.000024130108],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002951498,0.00012474453,0.00020034469,0.00032170743,0.00007946268,0.0000030102196,0.002478402,0.9521832,0.00443842,0.039034486,0.0000027632766,0.0011039735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003080363,0.00027789298,0.00006067853,0.00011181177,0.00003837698,0.000010690335,0.00009035513,0.9906244,0.0036982375,0.0045619356,0.000033894627,0.00018366103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009379475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.4234902e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26405457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016194801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015894298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5807256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4368341212","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101888","title":"Effect of baffle turbulators on the horizontal solar film evaporator of the humidification-dehumidification desalination system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulator; Evaporator; Desalination; Baffle; Condensation; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Exergy efficiency; Evaporation; Solar desalination; Mass transfer; Computational fluid dynamics; Materials science; Mechanics; Turbulence; Heat exchanger; Meteorology; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Exergy; Reynolds number; Chemistry","score_opus":0.012198776757968495,"score_gpt":0.2562156674652052,"score_spread":0.2440168907072367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4368341212","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986292,0.000077636985,0.00016921837,0.00013235773,0.0003002185,0.00037307077,0.0000046821438,0.00012854888,0.00018503387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996637,0.0000034480797,0.00016259092,0.0000029835237,0.000041078805,0.00009086641,0.0000033333345,0.000016026956,0.000015955182],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986388,0.00016896734,0.00024632856,0.0002155788,0.00052496087,0.00020538445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989573,0.00023482385,0.00015935638,0.00045423725,0.00014927237,0.000045054072],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032714123,0.000121538986,0.00013767678,0.00012881139,0.0002031971,0.000042135183,0.0004835257,0.00005662845,0.0000036355134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003233021,0.00006858826,0.000042470965,0.001270711,0.0003047715,0.00014460877,0.000058403064,0.000100891884,0.000007936148],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060474806,0.000038615355,0.004482388,0.000505873,0.000036607667,6.4655615e-7,0.002180663,0.029587867,0.86222297,0.06247098,0.000023238708,0.038389646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012666716,0.000110847766,0.05609112,0.00007816153,0.000017971452,0.0000016737204,0.000117223775,0.047168076,0.8960232,0.000018669485,0.00015166869,0.000094712304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024560497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.9217207e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062452313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006307134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040842784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2796948},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377289970","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125018","title":"Cellulose-based evaporator with dual boost of water transportation and photothermal conversion for highly solar-driven evaporation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Evaporator; Evaporation; Materials science; Cellulose; Photothermal therapy; Chemical engineering; Aerogel; Energy conversion efficiency; Absorption (acoustics); Layer (electronics); Nanotechnology; Composite material; Optoelectronics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.029091918451052506,"score_gpt":0.28140566493019736,"score_spread":0.25231374647914484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377289970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97934246,0.000030466583,0.019104997,0.00087598735,0.00028286717,0.00017815703,0.0001121166,0.000032874283,0.000040067764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890689,0.000024685205,0.010190948,0.00013747958,0.00011900535,0.000013900916,0.00039585528,0.00001852735,0.000030691594],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985505,0.00015456775,0.0005642688,0.00019712422,0.00036821532,0.00016535011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849015,0.00020411403,0.00041786942,0.000085059844,0.0007256585,0.00007711394],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005169831,0.00015075543,0.0002486637,0.00022913737,0.000041833606,0.000040405987,0.00021391327,0.00013550941,0.000082605984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000082946426,0.00009344813,0.00011664873,0.000108267785,0.0001447733,0.00015054036,0.000013578643,0.000111551424,0.000007368738],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019418669,0.00010541224,0.006168667,0.000026587426,0.00016710369,0.00008411611,0.000318876,0.0016679451,0.986393,0.0012910931,0.000081557126,0.001753795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023734514,0.0009377987,0.014974053,0.000058187154,0.00004523864,0.000028998153,0.00013286826,0.0023923523,0.97498167,0.0013073579,0.002602396,0.0001656619],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025765406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000069480316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011411343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039371003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005064919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3810704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378448793","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117160","title":"Designing flexible CNT/CNF films with highly light-absorbing for solar energy harvesting: Seawater desalination, photothermal power generation and light- driven actuators","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province; Science and Technology Projects of Fujian Province","keywords":"Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Carbon nanotube; Photothermal effect; Desalination; Energy conversion efficiency; Optoelectronics; Chemical engineering; Nanorod; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry; Membrane","score_opus":0.022957679793116338,"score_gpt":0.2429952371776757,"score_spread":0.22003755738455938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4378448793","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17156297,0.0003399828,0.8094838,0.0035568704,0.0013566382,0.0009181588,0.000009694402,0.0014043212,0.011367516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91096413,0.00041290597,0.058236524,0.0011739243,0.00013866591,0.00036180182,0.00025701043,0.00013611629,0.028318938],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980345,0.0001848348,0.00034633573,0.00067904685,0.00031116296,0.0004441667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912566,0.00008960721,0.0001699193,0.00033017682,0.0001290536,0.00015556287],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004989052,0.00032658092,0.00026050664,0.00046272785,0.0004973193,0.00023453384,0.0001725822,0.00013836058,0.000093020106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021332036,0.00028464955,0.000059865622,0.00037718468,0.000048595957,0.00042407928,0.00015159877,0.00007134247,0.00001399101],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000725787,0.0002500173,0.0012589986,0.0004467078,0.0013495161,0.00015534226,0.005779165,0.01696355,0.4408249,0.40540552,0.042061403,0.08477912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019001854,0.00018531598,0.00035077866,0.00006693087,0.000103783386,0.0000067197243,0.0006647852,0.028509844,0.42862996,0.00040277335,0.5386757,0.0005031737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002554654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041925145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75124735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063700405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000224925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380087872","doi":"10.1038/s44172-023-00082-3","title":"Radiative cooling sorbent towards all weather ambient water harvesting","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"David and Lucile Packard Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Relative humidity; Cellulose; Materials science; Meteorology; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.07451868415678786,"score_gpt":0.3163062457629396,"score_spread":0.24178756160615172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4380087872","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44381738,0.0039832927,0.4484338,0.014753845,0.003870844,0.0025160916,0.00009472388,0.015263247,0.0672668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9042017,0.00022146416,0.093009524,0.000108751134,0.00010180404,0.0002794921,0.00025594875,0.00011185463,0.0017094422],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985066,0.00017890174,0.00040658118,0.0002588492,0.00018658393,0.0004624794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975717,0.0002661957,0.00005909673,0.0018828146,0.00009972423,0.0001204426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082369737,0.00020890702,0.00020631513,0.00030937005,0.00021789488,0.00010131713,0.0010033222,0.00009532761,0.00011594271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030257454,0.0001937658,0.000093893475,0.0004986246,0.000050308045,0.00020319608,0.000516135,0.0003428912,0.00069465046],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000111538975,0.00010626194,0.00033166533,0.00007290053,0.00029907652,0.000008708049,0.016538795,0.74383295,0.16819146,0.03243359,0.00065539253,0.037518073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004111802,0.00001783355,0.0060459725,0.000060982606,0.00004583035,0.0000100694315,0.00040747074,0.5345217,0.073186986,0.00054049375,0.3842409,0.0005106035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026666495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016245649,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46038434,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015721946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022176057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8928558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382407749","doi":"10.33422/2nd.wscee.2022.12.125","title":"Dimensioning of Hybrid System with Desalination Units and capability of recovery and utilization of brine for Amorgos Island","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dimensioning; Brine; Desalination; Environmental science; Computer science; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.03582670030173495,"score_gpt":0.2641540661243973,"score_spread":0.22832736582266233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382407749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93319315,0.000084645006,0.06594782,0.000018431982,0.0000376094,0.00029619123,0.000056182005,0.000017775685,0.0003481966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98556304,0.000006082334,0.014198492,0.0000047118724,0.0000044249537,0.000027652592,0.000058875983,0.00001193865,0.00012480588],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990383,0.00026277246,0.00032695237,0.00016417,0.00014248476,0.00006536588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989413,0.00030188222,0.00025283467,0.00017479739,0.00030800357,0.000021154112],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085186696,0.000068475456,0.00020442523,0.0000986988,0.00006198255,0.00000418293,0.000042058728,0.000017078266,0.000019790183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001923282,0.00006001713,0.000013500348,0.00021216115,0.000055030137,0.00008056715,0.000040930685,0.000038124894,2.959147e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0046297694,0.0006091935,0.34220636,0.008146941,0.00059272477,0.0000036054114,0.007397847,0.07497409,0.34323537,0.1747938,0.00027388983,0.04313639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002808981,0.0010705407,0.043376926,0.00012332616,0.00013496743,0.00005775394,0.0029672408,0.09936381,0.8470596,0.0024322353,0.00036219275,0.0002424375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00052479963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008083972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50382423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003071486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032484175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24474275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382999722","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4499323","title":"Femtosecond Laser Induced Porous Surface on Polymethyl Methacrylate for Filmwise Condensation to Improve Solar Still Productivity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Polymethyl methacrylate; Femtosecond; Condensation; Productivity; Materials science; Laser; Solar still; Porosity; Methacrylate; Surface (topology); Composite material; Optoelectronics; Optics; Polymer; Meteorology; Desalination; Chemistry; Physics; Economics","score_opus":0.04419762013042862,"score_gpt":0.3206110879711533,"score_spread":0.2764134678407247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382999722","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9622834,0.00047421854,0.02556481,0.003749585,0.0047894334,0.0022935502,0.000271538,0.00040430485,0.0001692146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9732369,0.00026152885,0.008919756,0.0002677153,0.0016100128,0.0003069177,0.00020344982,0.00041227014,0.014781423],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9914699,0.0012946725,0.001176895,0.0016637112,0.00079884677,0.0035959387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99565357,0.0006641223,0.0011299773,0.0015017719,0.0006809278,0.00036960942],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010866432,0.00087600533,0.0010276284,0.0006209904,0.0003440375,0.00033202444,0.0010800901,0.00091948605,0.00007137548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021889824,0.0008711721,0.0004969368,0.00048201365,0.000053629257,0.0002804076,0.00037530396,0.00675102,0.00023830545],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0035697238,0.00083595025,0.0003649423,0.00043802464,0.0047246204,0.00003586936,0.004803012,0.08607153,0.6186398,0.032984328,0.0009370449,0.24659511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027964967,0.0018214426,0.0007532628,0.00015191837,0.0004469041,0.0001179616,0.00095645996,0.0014481832,0.4326404,0.5517917,0.0051165237,0.0019586848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010653173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019362574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5188074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002954065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0039720144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383065580","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124513","title":"Xylan-based ratiometric fluorescence carbon dots composite with delignified wood for highly efficient water purification and photothermal conversion","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separation and Purification Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Adsorption; Fluorescence; Photothermal therapy; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.01737477810170076,"score_gpt":0.27640683266921834,"score_spread":0.2590320545675176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383065580","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9654009,0.00020145092,0.027411405,0.0041279695,0.00017898422,0.001412914,0.000023199837,0.0009204472,0.0003227736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867341,0.00005653099,0.011380528,0.000115744406,0.00004240293,0.0006365316,0.0006304925,0.00004715301,0.00035652737],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979165,0.00017128942,0.0004976588,0.0007421339,0.00027033052,0.00040206712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855614,0.00017717303,0.00023135757,0.0005650899,0.00036357803,0.00010667526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006851982,0.0002825252,0.00029250162,0.0016185038,0.00035776413,0.00011277365,0.0002190891,0.00037396498,0.000019477999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008803519,0.00023201981,0.00003707336,0.0016948447,0.0002565824,0.000121227684,0.00003098299,0.00017591102,0.0000593019],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043023,0.00011683889,0.0018501534,0.00011675732,0.000046930323,0.000002187695,0.00073912623,0.0028552779,0.9697285,0.012110453,0.00012983444,0.011873696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018576727,0.00025138576,0.0049474933,0.000020672407,0.00005532792,0.000011580185,0.00023450026,0.1150869,0.8697107,0.00078297243,0.006681776,0.00035903617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053003507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009279647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11223162,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007078305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054484717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94614935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385191937","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2023.145003","title":"Janus microbial membrane constructed by multiple biological self-assembly for photothermal conversion","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Janus; Photothermal therapy; Membrane; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Materials science; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Biochemistry","score_opus":0.015753455749629372,"score_gpt":0.2335886877688436,"score_spread":0.21783523201921423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385191937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95889455,0.00007409361,0.03886083,0.00016284068,0.00096693455,0.00019942028,0.000049043312,0.0007176289,0.00007463045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.878776,0.000043184944,0.12009006,0.00009857882,0.00059397286,0.00003808523,0.00017320033,0.00008608089,0.00010080964],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985536,0.000050807655,0.00041768345,0.0002856112,0.0001675703,0.00052477344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885845,0.00049902627,0.00010522824,0.00017446087,0.00010794484,0.00025489967],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041879632,0.0002364307,0.00030202206,0.00012598625,0.00009886566,0.00007142708,0.0003144777,0.00029687712,0.0001466602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054969656,0.00021429523,0.0001828078,0.0002889804,0.00004364193,0.000097936034,0.000053492357,0.0004255471,0.00006860808],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008054525,0.000034133765,0.00013824816,0.00003360766,0.00007266585,0.000011264503,0.000084028026,0.001192504,0.9947124,0.000066629764,0.0030332275,0.00054072455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019661875,0.000032615084,0.000095918636,0.000023333094,0.000019659694,0.00021158667,0.000024154793,0.04242692,0.9271283,0.000038001162,0.027758352,0.00027496423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000060032476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.4548603e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08122923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012543787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035653607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8738706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385201999","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138240","title":"Performance evaluation of a solar nano-photocatalytic reactor for wastewater treatment applications: Reaction kinetics, CFD, and scale-up perspectives","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Wastewater; Pollutant; Kinetics; Irradiation; Materials science; Batch reactor; Chemical engineering; Degradation (telecommunications); Environmental engineering; Flux (metallurgy); Chemistry; Environmental science; Process engineering; Catalysis; Computer science; Engineering; Physics; Organic chemistry; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.054950295011254785,"score_gpt":0.33058515024199814,"score_spread":0.2756348552307434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385201999","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967757,0.00027584625,0.00040439973,0.00066103216,0.0006376922,0.0010773946,0.000005215722,0.000039436494,0.00012329413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99391615,0.00064459484,0.0035129876,0.000004101826,0.00076565007,0.0002253319,0.000034403354,0.000036487574,0.00086027675],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998207,0.00020620725,0.00063652644,0.00030374416,0.00047710456,0.00016941762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976515,0.000076467906,0.0006717307,0.00035108704,0.0011866514,0.00006254694],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021811628,0.00015857328,0.00027192576,0.00041333537,0.00008941244,0.0000287807,0.00009922348,0.000092989794,0.000014466652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030923553,0.00012920974,0.00010365521,0.00030869961,0.00008346741,0.0004634504,0.000013758157,0.000100989804,0.0000110617375],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046593772,0.00022208656,0.0005434539,0.00009792089,0.0001349547,1.672342e-7,0.004657835,0.0030833185,0.8269839,0.000042421154,0.00023013407,0.16353783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015752028,0.0007732296,0.011644039,0.00007112372,0.00045904564,0.00011074346,0.004445443,0.004279799,0.9553792,0.00088066165,0.02019944,0.00018211063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024518173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009290629,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16335572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033508748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000076979755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.526902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385363111","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00045","title":"Enviroeconomic analysis of a hybrid active solar desalination system using nanoparticles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Solar energy; Environmental science; Solar still; Photovoltaic system; Low-temperature thermal desalination; Environmental engineering; Solar desalination; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.015148270178717449,"score_gpt":0.2394548907186915,"score_spread":0.22430662053997405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385363111","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99466866,0.00005932123,0.0050946316,0.000008162718,0.00010890416,0.00002466444,0.0000078234125,0.000012349735,0.00001545422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99424756,0.000026602,0.0056908363,0.0000022134168,0.000016856273,6.862657e-7,8.970507e-7,0.000006977268,0.0000073894057],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919134,0.000029578463,0.00030944293,0.0001203659,0.000213305,0.00013598669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995349,0.000064551205,0.00020475738,0.000106909734,0.000009775726,0.000079080564],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008666642,0.00007030846,0.00018785907,0.00060902606,0.0000655421,0.00002434868,0.0001366452,0.00001561976,0.000009430665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049916864,0.00006570445,0.00006554624,0.00048219305,0.00011298161,0.00031799005,0.00003814149,0.00006434142,0.0000025940112],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000044890176,0.000007661249,0.0009892386,0.0000051598877,0.000054588512,0.0000036111683,0.00016970905,0.3805152,0.61703366,0.00009732547,1.7579202e-7,0.0011192196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000115928146,0.000026808986,0.08926988,0.0000147424935,0.00012735453,0.000037998445,0.0003392542,0.5523619,0.35759795,0.000010318767,0.000035829402,0.00006206203],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009632801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.9355475e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2594357,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018563382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015173406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26793498},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385540361","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2023.07.013","title":"A novel analytical performance investigation of varying water depth in an active multi-stage basin solar still in addition to optimization of water depth in a single stage basin still","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Reports","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Solar still; Structural basin; Stage (stratigraphy); Environmental science; Yield (engineering); Hydrology (agriculture); Productivity; Soil science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Desalination; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.0740730044615457,"score_gpt":0.3073642654959059,"score_spread":0.2332912610343602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385540361","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96966374,0.0000035134735,0.02942156,0.0000668103,0.00015330974,0.0002928378,0.000025234083,0.00008364084,0.0002893258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9592925,0.0000059140807,0.03885102,0.000084736406,0.00003181613,0.00012353745,0.0011334119,0.00007300162,0.00040407706],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962948,0.00049363956,0.0014620732,0.0007405199,0.00046313507,0.00054584636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984861,0.00010684947,0.00040839138,0.000620278,0.00022155969,0.00015683843],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015829627,0.00030720932,0.0005531103,0.0014453107,0.000035054873,0.000034876557,0.00016756738,0.0002697852,0.00011931626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041000146,0.00026767195,0.000072376984,0.0012161799,0.00008673995,0.0008621567,0.00011833508,0.00023564689,0.000004150025],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018629715,0.0002686976,0.055793967,0.000059449132,0.000016201915,0.0001060541,0.004977243,0.72558564,0.21079054,0.000033778277,0.0000029008952,0.0021792215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074475375,0.00012320053,0.12544319,0.00013501607,0.000011131423,0.000011139681,0.00023844662,0.24872112,0.62406904,0.00004382517,0.00019404045,0.0002651273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003464853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005688015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47686452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035147622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000092234106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385844664","doi":"10.1039/d3ta03128d","title":"Wood-inspired polypyrrole/cellulose aerogels with vertically aligned channels prepared by facile freeze-casting for efficient interfacial solar evaporation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Polypyrrole; Materials science; Evaporation; Composite number; Cellulose; Chemical engineering; Casting; Evaporator; Composite material; Polymer","score_opus":0.023668948709293407,"score_gpt":0.27072044257198785,"score_spread":0.24705149386269445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385844664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827076,0.00004250572,0.015495485,0.00034326757,0.0006564479,0.00031428286,0.00016214306,0.00013973883,0.00013850258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927435,0.000004550905,0.005608312,0.000042572312,0.0006009714,0.000071707895,0.00018485937,0.00007180555,0.00067170686],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972922,0.00016439804,0.0011726624,0.00036541666,0.0005218012,0.000483499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793357,0.00016948147,0.0008948604,0.0003431354,0.0004417847,0.00021715125],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016124523,0.0003183359,0.0005713467,0.000087474546,0.00013857972,0.00024829258,0.00041351625,0.00024388438,0.000363771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000721068,0.00027268133,0.00013701156,0.00025204013,0.00007339067,0.00019626255,0.000073528,0.000114451286,0.000036617497],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013056749,0.00012358694,0.00001299869,0.00018070432,0.00014276212,0.000019978008,0.0007881759,0.0042482116,0.99085647,0.000010140372,0.0019755266,0.0003357783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019318891,0.00023003045,0.000019374469,0.00015699082,0.00009750637,0.000069167254,0.00022736716,0.0018515323,0.9918346,0.00013037275,0.0031573614,0.000293846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019056113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.1657733e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010035886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015193218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014765518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385857802","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3230829/v1","title":"Wood-based Superblack","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Business","score_opus":0.2565664527687026,"score_gpt":0.4747105806680167,"score_spread":0.2181441278993141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385857802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63215446,0.004384317,0.035601445,0.05164586,0.013657499,0.014979193,0.002500142,0.01457037,0.2305067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9210424,0.0002791024,0.030171555,0.00018994673,0.0019881537,0.0025265524,0.0024466114,0.00067952095,0.040676203],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99104434,0.0034068718,0.0006115295,0.0013750027,0.002259643,0.0013025971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99351794,0.001821194,0.00010310549,0.0029714247,0.0011637937,0.00042251818],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0063809007,0.0004281537,0.000541261,0.0012542636,0.00029916814,0.000431383,0.0016776636,0.0009411395,0.0020005675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030801345,0.00042495056,0.0003582213,0.00087882,0.00030986953,0.000080727084,0.001535483,0.0033504933,0.008863327],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014327323,0.0025701819,0.042122312,0.022336107,0.0017671853,0.0019572084,0.0097901225,0.22605215,0.0326159,0.21049336,0.35927197,0.089590795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025518595,0.00048546627,0.03677058,0.0028578064,0.00007704881,0.000006966803,0.0018796792,0.032686744,0.09110097,0.16428168,0.6645602,0.0027409797],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031308564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031871154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30528826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005636238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00094381854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386309647","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202306947","title":"Solar‐Powered High‐Performance Lignin‐Wood Evaporator for Solar Steam Generation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":197,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Lignin; Solar energy; Chemical engineering; Evaporator; Desalination; Evaporation; Composite material; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.047318335513437074,"score_gpt":0.28671165638653745,"score_spread":0.2393933208731004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386309647","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97365767,0.000075930475,0.015070246,0.00036173104,0.008316151,0.00091096864,0.00040255216,0.0008742127,0.00033053715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9630755,0.00011894573,0.026220176,0.00040170492,0.0021249128,0.0013708664,0.0036536264,0.00014664549,0.0028875836],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99719155,0.00023992373,0.00080093724,0.0007267772,0.0004507706,0.0005900643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982585,0.00023301617,0.00032853585,0.00060979504,0.000433681,0.00013649579],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011547937,0.00037097782,0.00045129118,0.00026359854,0.0004395363,0.00014304092,0.00025322748,0.00025199965,0.0007041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037620563,0.00036931556,0.00010106783,0.000502831,0.000057525926,0.0008112991,0.0000753901,0.0001114132,0.0011800178],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003323837,0.000053151653,0.00004520874,0.000070601665,0.00007950605,0.0000017573939,0.000057005484,0.009678955,0.9737485,0.004835024,0.004510531,0.0065873815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015415311,0.0002127807,0.002675338,0.00002436309,0.000040890267,0.0000070320457,0.000046744783,0.0008040378,0.9416752,0.004228475,0.0483085,0.00043513716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002839047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007957155,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043797966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014388976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000111316884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998759},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386469504","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3285251/v1","title":"Boosting all-weather atmospheric vapor harvesting with membrane distillation system powered by solar energy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Boosting (machine learning); Environmental science; Meteorology; Distillation; Membrane distillation; Atmospheric sciences; Computer science; Membrane; Physics; Chemistry; Artificial intelligence; Chromatography; Desalination","score_opus":0.08991593866530338,"score_gpt":0.3678088278008694,"score_spread":0.277892889135566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386469504","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29733792,0.014520401,0.49787578,0.0052488684,0.0071560782,0.012950513,0.002533922,0.019865295,0.14251125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9224053,0.0002566438,0.038778406,0.000044019318,0.0009773844,0.0013993143,0.0030230219,0.00087740377,0.032238517],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9890498,0.003517685,0.0011284378,0.0019894284,0.0026479661,0.0016667065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993502,0.0017951203,0.00061226316,0.0022476707,0.0013054844,0.00053745357],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0052542463,0.00079742674,0.0009618415,0.0002426765,0.00063583616,0.0008565001,0.0012267535,0.00090790953,0.00024233646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001809763,0.00071870355,0.000255116,0.0014539418,0.00024142874,0.00027169622,0.0011562086,0.0020323421,0.0003180677],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0038069445,0.0017111694,0.036335904,0.043531254,0.008935714,0.003686461,0.020388318,0.43648863,0.15891002,0.059178844,0.03659481,0.19043192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006817398,0.0014524888,0.011897796,0.02144865,0.0007837853,0.00031596562,0.014211653,0.3963517,0.069242015,0.005541412,0.46320635,0.008730787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018184774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000558394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6250674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012619004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004970317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386483003","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-chwlj","title":"Plasmonic group IV transition metal carbide interfaces for solar-driven desalination","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ocean Frontier Institute; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Desalination; Materials science; Carbide; Nanomaterials; Evaporation; Relative humidity; Water vapor; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Membrane; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Meteorology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.0763750522636533,"score_gpt":0.3256021156981555,"score_spread":0.24922706343450218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386483003","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7701629,0.00037301384,0.22039348,0.001344152,0.0038193313,0.0015442903,0.000093094204,0.0013658855,0.00090389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93541163,0.0001124884,0.05879134,0.00008847657,0.00054649526,0.0013881136,0.0022176274,0.00024222006,0.0012016086],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970663,0.00029066872,0.00075430516,0.0010555738,0.00035049344,0.0004826573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979925,0.00036838435,0.00039014878,0.0008721213,0.00025099254,0.00012586525],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010401405,0.0005113969,0.00062712294,0.0003481612,0.00014417636,0.00017010268,0.00065662427,0.0008147012,0.000084788335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030580923,0.00055248063,0.0004505785,0.0002479026,0.000098141914,0.00020268891,0.0002111172,0.0006982538,0.0001795267],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007464702,0.000644732,0.00059488695,0.003776414,0.0029426708,0.000034912187,0.013979605,0.092453696,0.8336536,0.018948674,0.004082954,0.028141351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014312946,0.000113550595,0.0016882024,0.00032391676,0.00057210703,0.00000791134,0.00036195276,0.05570148,0.8906454,0.038484644,0.00950264,0.0011669209],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032117934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019681574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16524877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031383708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009567785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386595139","doi":"10.1002/adma.202306653","title":"3D Printed Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogel Scaffold with Hierarchical Porous Structures for Fast Solar‐Driven Atmospheric Water Harvesting","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":171,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Aerogel; Chemical engineering; Porosity; Sorption; Cellulose; Nanofiber; Water vapor; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Adsorption; Chemistry","score_opus":0.018379859074263212,"score_gpt":0.2736992284874392,"score_spread":0.255319369413176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386595139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.975256,0.000020795856,0.021049295,0.00020439453,0.0010156664,0.0009684369,0.000085578235,0.0009661881,0.00043364428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.58170575,0.000009424851,0.41263556,0.00014758253,0.0002569798,0.00048218822,0.0004327736,0.00019913191,0.0041306224],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968338,0.00031034986,0.00069456454,0.0008195832,0.00039413726,0.00094755366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99838257,0.0002330591,0.00022860858,0.0007212168,0.00025273324,0.00018183595],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006383007,0.0004623713,0.0006063757,0.00005993829,0.0002501485,0.00021577292,0.00042385218,0.00021156284,0.0005555995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002168341,0.000328835,0.00008325844,0.00031299877,0.0001395944,0.00038826853,0.00018243198,0.00012024511,0.00024481636],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046367408,0.000031361822,0.000103260885,0.00013623574,0.000089250876,0.00002935343,0.000630105,0.0065060905,0.97855365,0.0018800775,0.00010162494,0.0114753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014813099,0.0001641798,0.00109812,0.000060996685,0.000050485225,0.0000329652,0.000085468666,0.00034751615,0.9731428,0.0046442603,0.018366639,0.0005252304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000103363454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000031104475,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39355028,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000102745005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005332041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386727213","doi":"10.18280/ijdne.180430","title":"Atmospheric Water Harvesting Using Thermoelectric Cooling Technology","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universitas Hasanuddin","keywords":"Environmental science; Thermoelectric cooling; Relative humidity; Airflow; Humidity; Water flow; Condenser (optics); Volumetric flow rate; Air cooling; Air mass (solar energy); Environmental engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Meteorology; Thermoelectric effect; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.0225092452146446,"score_gpt":0.29528894858264004,"score_spread":0.27277970336799545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386727213","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8181492,0.0006842283,0.17811862,0.0009994977,0.0016087833,0.00008058138,0.0000026520988,0.000105417384,0.00025102566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90196973,0.00023549411,0.09697892,0.0001598697,0.0003525439,0.0000019292884,0.00000889148,0.000038013655,0.0002546197],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861795,0.00012623222,0.00048488652,0.00017506108,0.00032845436,0.00026740332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988206,0.00021020685,0.0002868774,0.00012237493,0.000496563,0.000063355226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009449495,0.00015293925,0.0002176585,0.00035346448,0.00009454015,0.00011347998,0.00045352327,0.00031484565,0.00003168954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033965585,0.00011702658,0.000078633224,0.0005574052,0.000046440688,0.00029023405,0.00007707567,0.0006995076,0.000016222251],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005646654,0.00011640329,0.0064484053,0.00003150452,0.0011642539,0.00089853525,0.0012123729,0.22302675,0.58031464,0.0132212555,0.0002954786,0.17270572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015732949,0.00021107575,0.0027698718,0.00017730829,0.00013533526,0.0029441675,0.00035903064,0.8858628,0.0401303,0.05739373,0.007894522,0.00054853066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016845164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000039993824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6628361,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001339329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006293817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47722057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386807633","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100558","title":"Performance analysis of the Thermo Osmotic Energy Conversion (TOEC) process for harvesting low-grade heat","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Osmotic power; Materials science; Heat transfer; Process engineering; Membrane; Heat sink; Pressure-retarded osmosis; Mass transfer; Power station; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Chemical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Reverse osmosis","score_opus":0.017603425236704953,"score_gpt":0.26686512367164744,"score_spread":0.2492616984349425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386807633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97463036,0.00040518658,0.024117721,0.00014891055,0.0004228717,0.000066686734,0.00000550223,0.000119802164,0.00008296213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99534476,0.00011153109,0.0041612573,0.000028693246,0.00015148778,0.000021443311,0.000012079945,0.00003146808,0.00013726155],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988149,0.000029869083,0.00039472216,0.00019113993,0.00026932106,0.00030006157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907357,0.0003466307,0.0001432908,0.00021251303,0.00013056165,0.00009342236],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003385601,0.00016084436,0.00029892204,0.00021786819,0.00010592373,0.0000281189,0.00040566595,0.000073064606,0.0000191629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044128683,0.00011490769,0.00022747656,0.0013972119,0.000049996448,0.0002484745,0.000039968854,0.00020636308,0.0000016149677],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000169489,0.000016200898,0.00081380573,0.00017051831,0.00017305261,0.0000013165663,0.00014745469,0.77595025,0.21907297,0.00011071003,0.000010631896,0.0035161492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023067622,0.000014138716,0.0010536645,0.00010366125,0.00014441123,0.000014266864,0.000040923962,0.462063,0.5344912,0.00015197329,0.0015637001,0.0001284112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000052234404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.611379e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31541818,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060584112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024270941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46857998},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386953292","doi":"10.1109/iceccme57830.2023.10252982","title":"Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) Foundation as Solar Thermal Energy Storage Integrated with Reverse Osmosis/Thermal Water Desalination Plant for Cold Climate","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Reverse osmosis; Desalination; Geothermal desalination; Low-temperature thermal desalination; TRNSYS; Solar desalination; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Solar energy; Process engineering; Reverse osmosis plant; Thermal energy; Renewable energy; Energy recovery; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Thermal; Engineering; Meteorology; Energy (signal processing); Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.025606950475726628,"score_gpt":0.2668605860029644,"score_spread":0.24125363552723778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386953292","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96375465,0.0000097272505,0.029838461,0.0005894354,0.00051469076,0.00082253077,0.00010739348,0.0013039345,0.0030591788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9750335,0.00003479243,0.012166534,0.0007183477,0.00014852856,0.00053622044,0.0057512964,0.00017941583,0.0054313485],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99714047,0.00037656902,0.0006563719,0.00061609916,0.00041056835,0.00079991424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99836886,0.00023586587,0.00022597627,0.0005418765,0.00046980975,0.00015761766],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012888459,0.000416589,0.0003948738,0.00036897688,0.0003784421,0.00019751985,0.0003164776,0.0003265074,0.00073894515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000090051646,0.0002893601,0.0001235299,0.0006045591,0.00009343921,0.000705238,0.00007891516,0.00020136325,0.00042454922],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001535489,0.000046429494,0.00052838586,0.00008307682,0.0003370838,0.00003620211,0.0019940243,0.007367346,0.93480575,0.046498194,0.0007725566,0.0059954543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032609713,0.00044797966,0.0008872026,0.00005881947,0.00012039779,0.00001653229,0.0004168363,0.072815955,0.8191321,0.0006724532,0.101486005,0.0006847611],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012936015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001952876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.115673676,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023937416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009608115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387060887","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3285251/v2","title":"Boosting all-weather atmospheric water vapor harvesting with a solar-driven membrane system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Environmental science; Adaptability; Sorbent; Water vapor; Process engineering; Arid; Boosting (machine learning); Pulp and paper industry; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Computer science; Chemistry; Adsorption; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.13922804287465707,"score_gpt":0.3890783508813159,"score_spread":0.24985030800665886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387060887","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84066194,0.0016218891,0.051261302,0.0050315564,0.0038899896,0.012889388,0.0004151133,0.012324177,0.07190466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8307378,0.0000951963,0.11752354,0.00006130557,0.0017101055,0.0030252927,0.0011275506,0.0011661176,0.044553082],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.98845303,0.003634923,0.0010492088,0.0020221404,0.0025793263,0.0022613523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938732,0.0012471031,0.00030626619,0.0026369395,0.0013852111,0.0005512887],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0070902444,0.0007972634,0.0010322762,0.0002852736,0.0006547404,0.0009624477,0.0016541791,0.0008826417,0.00043060104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010898436,0.00058116094,0.00030887846,0.0009326368,0.00027274585,0.00025583047,0.0022921187,0.0034644206,0.002240281],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020350907,0.0010243554,0.034186818,0.058848597,0.0071878764,0.008776259,0.051338427,0.6243623,0.15790544,0.0091167055,0.0053080847,0.039910085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009794729,0.0020465762,0.015819892,0.04388521,0.001255045,0.00090252596,0.030588401,0.39299634,0.25390053,0.0049724276,0.23238483,0.0114535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008602361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004616956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23136592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010510065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045621488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387227596","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2023.116997","title":"Femtosecond laser induced porous surface on polymethyl methacrylate for filmwise condensation to improve solar still productivity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","keywords":"Materials science; Solar still; Desalination; Wetting; Femtosecond; Condensation; Solar desalination; Porosity; Composite material; Contact angle; Laser; Chemical engineering; Optics; Chemistry; Meteorology","score_opus":0.05339844135414094,"score_gpt":0.3329571918778088,"score_spread":0.27955875052366785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387227596","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98692834,0.00001107464,0.0070230765,0.0020149772,0.0013726252,0.0014563648,0.00015981196,0.000576686,0.00045704292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9793407,0.0000022242648,0.014527685,0.00031071334,0.00026583186,0.00030640527,0.00043073404,0.00010078317,0.0047149216],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99737716,0.00050332805,0.00046639118,0.00079184875,0.0004087643,0.00045252318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99787444,0.0006015773,0.00025224648,0.0006681287,0.00045070148,0.00015290942],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026014382,0.0002846778,0.000304373,0.00039374136,0.00016757898,0.00010409762,0.00023119345,0.00026508913,0.00006431796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021068533,0.00029800314,0.00009845995,0.0009258569,0.000026155112,0.0003747269,0.000052797834,0.00022005104,0.0004356709],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002770854,0.00012294886,0.00017030873,0.000058702783,0.000071881674,0.0000032270905,0.002041527,0.009871178,0.896883,0.00442431,0.00063036697,0.08544548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010472849,0.00031386697,0.007628147,0.000014565767,0.000039265662,0.0000015812499,0.00013900953,0.009600662,0.96650434,0.0060152835,0.008289849,0.00040616572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002284158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008740251,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08503932,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002134652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007574256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999472},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387326986","doi":"10.1002/smll.202305579","title":"Carbonaceous Materials‐Based Photothermal Process in Water Treatment: From Originals to Frontier Applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Small","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Nanotechnology; Frontier; Process (computing); Materials science; Photothermal effect; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Archaeology","score_opus":0.11798256311765948,"score_gpt":0.388105132973926,"score_spread":0.27012256985626654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387326986","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0031088174,0.9811032,0.0014170953,0.00016838896,0.0013129021,0.007857654,0.0015747908,0.0009813021,0.0024758663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000111875466,0.9243706,0.017264944,0.0002987031,0.0015450675,0.037611444,0.0071739266,0.0009595163,0.010663929],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99649864,0.000586439,0.0010018788,0.0010503136,0.00021905552,0.0006436857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981457,0.00018321007,0.00022468848,0.0011915925,0.00007039789,0.00018441299],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038082816,0.00070775376,0.0017973897,0.00053535425,0.00006750854,0.00012471616,0.0007050033,0.0005181415,0.00096818217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026694934,0.00050782337,0.0002645485,0.00054771133,0.000035835063,0.00006177818,0.000059162372,0.00020253881,0.003938387],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001305638,0.00059591327,0.00002860018,0.0094083315,0.0008788363,0.00015135297,0.001996582,0.00064645667,0.0015907525,0.0003451255,0.00018856293,0.98403895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038940937,0.000035520552,0.0000044075905,0.0012070395,0.00035398742,0.000002641152,0.000017378825,0.000008546481,0.008099035,0.00043928818,0.9888517,0.00059102353],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038237667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051993335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98866314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049107766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026750565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387357015","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02126","title":"Evolution of Morphology and Distribution of Salt Crystals on a Photothermal Layer during Solar Interfacial Evaporation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Research (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Evaporation; Crystallization; Photothermal therapy; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.026619016996429115,"score_gpt":0.28969203363778,"score_spread":0.2630730166413509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387357015","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99658805,0.000031909574,0.0025442343,0.00008344906,0.00012025706,0.00011495604,0.0000850786,0.000084586594,0.00034746213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999359,0.0000060685925,0.00021016599,0.000008232789,0.000062686704,0.000017453198,0.00015574665,0.000015550748,0.00016508267],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909997,0.00017644816,0.00027132157,0.00017479577,0.00013494318,0.00014251942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995306,0.000048785532,0.00015484345,0.00017194706,0.000068556335,0.000025228375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003153532,0.00008888895,0.00017136346,0.00012061842,0.000045291246,0.0000066546336,0.00007341195,0.00011143429,0.00006871721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010190836,0.00008604125,0.000037916274,0.00025657596,0.00006106018,0.00008110436,0.00003547938,0.000076132375,0.000030650168],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018114263,0.000037486552,0.0060891737,0.00006637351,0.00002188021,0.0000029774071,0.0007144179,0.00069410395,0.98671657,0.004614642,0.0001358481,0.0007253725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057476445,0.00008891861,0.36635965,0.000025455061,0.0000150731585,0.000006380409,0.00015117963,0.0010923557,0.62970537,0.0011796653,0.00070163223,0.00009956806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025138984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018258243,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36027047,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005936243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013300996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35086605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387491765","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2023.111234","title":"Facile fabrication of functionalized wood evaporator through deep eutectic solvent delignification for efficient solar-driven water purification","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of environmental chemical engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Chemical engineering; Materials science; Portable water purification; Evaporator; Desalination; Surface modification; Evaporation; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01920790578353119,"score_gpt":0.24164983509196641,"score_spread":0.22244192930843523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387491765","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6262122,0.00017379526,0.37255174,0.00017431767,0.00041813936,0.0003344943,0.000027701946,0.00006988349,0.00003774642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9647873,0.000041390842,0.034566835,0.000016629918,0.00021795838,0.000081357546,0.00019021284,0.000051262297,0.00004705794],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980451,0.000048581933,0.0009023804,0.00025421928,0.00046534173,0.00028438415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897003,0.00015855764,0.0003926991,0.00028131352,0.00009375529,0.0001036435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005555753,0.00020309631,0.0003099055,0.00018613321,0.000055421006,0.000021640963,0.00024302703,0.00015434195,0.00016016203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020264254,0.00017724,0.00023658473,0.00021708716,0.00004456117,0.0001977664,0.00004458275,0.00019951088,0.000048307353],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007070532,0.00012927009,0.00003593611,0.000054566313,0.00007554177,6.9757664e-7,0.00038793383,0.17998266,0.81714755,0.00013880704,0.000041157316,0.0019351614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092151324,0.000076677636,0.001289103,0.00002368191,0.00008865466,0.000016236658,0.0001230806,0.07105951,0.92013544,0.00030298598,0.0057651284,0.00019796773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000025284655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.643556e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33857512,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032313008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016356886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7227637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387957271","doi":"10.18280/mmep.100506","title":"Enhancement of Pyramid Solar Still Productivity Through Wick Material and Reflective Applications in Iraqi Conditions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pyramid (geometry); Productivity; Solar still; Materials science; Environmental science; Optics; Economics; Physics; Chemistry; Desalination","score_opus":0.04420547143683261,"score_gpt":0.2887843921060619,"score_spread":0.24457892066922926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387957271","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.385112,0.00004841957,0.6139769,0.00007981767,0.000044081164,0.00036402364,0.000012244858,0.00013902802,0.00022352519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9119673,0.00007005662,0.087402396,0.0000034351385,0.000034239118,0.00036674924,0.000029753588,0.000031889587,0.0000941969],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989119,0.000037947735,0.00037158173,0.00030932022,0.00013014795,0.00023907186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999449,0.00015936706,0.00006106868,0.0002352075,0.00004266527,0.000052700998],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044339043,0.00015691033,0.00028141052,0.00012083443,0.000050690745,0.000030960324,0.000074124306,0.00008651166,0.00001392622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055300432,0.00014785187,0.000024615212,0.0003197774,0.00007279959,0.00012358013,0.000048398517,0.00013624706,0.000008386948],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012180712,0.00016475256,0.00004169289,0.0013567734,0.000051060553,8.356371e-7,0.0066377004,0.7820748,0.07174468,0.13753222,0.000007021297,0.000376294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029768172,0.00005772364,0.00012197985,0.00023177311,0.00003206654,0.000005793157,0.00014033746,0.606042,0.06553049,0.32651228,0.0007492148,0.00027861763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005286484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017985127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5268553,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002885108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009831491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60292244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388186284","doi":"10.18280/mmep.100504","title":"Modeling and Analysis of Desalination in A Solar Dome Using CFD","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dome (geology); Computational fluid dynamics; Desalination; Solar desalination; Marine engineering; Environmental science; Aerospace engineering; Geology; Engineering; Geomorphology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.06584640072795955,"score_gpt":0.2811744831482283,"score_spread":0.21532808242026874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388186284","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46387067,0.000074346885,0.5358895,0.000011024012,0.000011471088,0.00005218791,0.0000011423738,0.00006795067,0.000021731219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8264403,0.00005271243,0.17343953,0.0000018790411,0.000007875131,0.000014367752,0.000007943835,0.000023205563,0.000012182584],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989585,0.000033542754,0.00043084472,0.00022097671,0.0001439562,0.00021215859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995469,0.00015722757,0.00003916558,0.00015999755,0.00003736532,0.000059336144],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00090897357,0.00012740032,0.0003429007,0.00069018395,0.000031254403,0.00003421615,0.000060396047,0.00009641066,0.0000039136644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008189051,0.000123938,0.000047801343,0.0010007864,0.000017488319,0.000095237316,0.000035005054,0.0001158309,0.0000016788364],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000024338726,0.000014790152,0.00008763123,0.0002913848,0.00008179848,8.08583e-7,0.0015570363,0.9813517,0.003436646,0.01285891,4.8419242e-8,0.00031686312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013855226,0.000006974052,0.00003900546,0.00012697569,0.00012643372,0.0000018878922,0.000043462755,0.9753794,0.00028664782,0.023722228,0.0000031701009,0.0001252539],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009846278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022804866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36256963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021937734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000054331454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50540453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388871858","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2023.117153","title":"A dual-functional lignin containing pulp foam for solar evaporation and contaminant adsorption","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Evaporator; Adsorption; Desalination; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Evaporation; Solar desalination; Seawater; Waste management; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Membrane; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.06098989281591488,"score_gpt":0.31567461523961354,"score_spread":0.25468472242369866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388871858","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7057666,0.00010043854,0.2884977,0.0016386264,0.0011621619,0.0010899398,0.000043704415,0.00074521377,0.0009556353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882883,0.000022515374,0.0077839126,0.00011541132,0.0003183861,0.000451563,0.0015006228,0.000044185846,0.001475093],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985139,0.00022082057,0.00038415208,0.00037361833,0.00026342025,0.00024411791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988365,0.0003688396,0.00019401155,0.00018276658,0.00034775326,0.00007009164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017494623,0.0001569951,0.00017421355,0.00031316362,0.00021073737,0.00010103316,0.000054591917,0.00017645818,0.000025556417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00065007905,0.00016536737,0.000058206904,0.0003817565,0.000036874204,0.0004275028,0.000024588808,0.00010179355,0.00008632269],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00059572747,0.00015418982,0.006203999,0.00017953783,0.00016320027,0.000009064927,0.004370916,0.0046098665,0.44787318,0.37784857,0.006072703,0.15191907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006130547,0.00081542745,0.16286868,0.00010978535,0.0001892428,0.00005068052,0.0019597788,0.43537596,0.23671952,0.070659004,0.08411859,0.0010027881],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058833615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000063469415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43076608,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000112172005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048374495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67434853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389149686","doi":"10.20944/preprints202311.1709.v1","title":"Continuous Reactive-Roll-to-Roll Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Fog Water Harvesting Applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Carbon nanotube; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Catalysis; Surface modification; Chemical engineering; Composite number; Composite material; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.15460933899457882,"score_gpt":0.3700883640433963,"score_spread":0.21547902504881747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389149686","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9491551,0.00006223896,0.017274741,0.0013795048,0.0015141332,0.00562627,0.0002389471,0.0012871178,0.023461964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95971537,0.000023915232,0.021311477,0.000103666796,0.0005315851,0.008292887,0.0004147492,0.00030759297,0.009298776],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9947073,0.0004994332,0.0014764316,0.0019818014,0.00051947555,0.0008155678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946019,0.0007453995,0.0006419503,0.002752203,0.000983346,0.0002751775],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002601195,0.00067277515,0.0011506289,0.00059029146,0.00017220348,0.000058646685,0.0015136999,0.00070960657,0.00011374783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001744552,0.0006458811,0.00047310212,0.00038062292,0.0001454461,0.0001182056,0.0020442428,0.00080918026,0.000800628],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033626577,0.00036145732,0.19468883,0.0012033858,0.0008373903,0.0000062451068,0.0049044574,0.0047137807,0.78429157,0.0068621296,0.00008243959,0.0017120535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072737114,0.00003782121,0.047237005,0.00021055063,0.00023436152,0.0000049279706,0.00016047183,0.0003856618,0.8971629,0.036999445,0.016038675,0.0008007803],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046097655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010651937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14745182,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024771574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001644096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389339050","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-43594-4","title":"Wood-based superblack","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; China Scholarship Council; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Academy of Finland; Walter Ahlströmin Säätiö; Aalto-Yliopisto; European Commission; Tekniikan Edistämissäätiö; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.05908628456302738,"score_gpt":0.3643861043701722,"score_spread":0.3052998198071448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389339050","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1932733,0.011059579,0.005685628,0.21244374,0.0042771236,0.0022571061,0.00033028115,0.013721965,0.5569513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9389484,0.0001386068,0.056656536,0.0013288971,0.0000740814,0.00014123376,0.00067929074,0.000050365492,0.0019826088],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99848276,0.00049870845,0.0002708846,0.00024305133,0.00023114675,0.00027342903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99493724,0.0008474162,0.000069239635,0.0038553034,0.00019480931,0.000095962074],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063928874,0.00014728488,0.0001538346,0.0002693942,0.0003396377,0.000059619117,0.0018435911,0.00038466058,0.00021505544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006631976,0.00014703747,0.00010603977,0.0010746793,0.00014491072,0.00011296473,0.00026104023,0.0009871685,0.0020998009],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024282475,0.00027765636,0.00895878,0.00002636737,0.00010505706,0.0000046332652,0.00092119764,0.0018570817,0.023673885,0.85985506,0.089231715,0.015064271],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035042118,0.000012776562,0.015070031,0.000013745726,0.000021818865,0.0000019783674,0.0001064659,0.006268941,0.008104604,0.004018775,0.9658001,0.00023035082],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006377219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031626236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8765684,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000064444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000078043464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986772},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389433734","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3472099/v1","title":"Boosting Solar-Driven Water Evaporation through Selective Water Gating Enabled by Thermo-Responsive Sporopollenin","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Water transport; Evaporation; Chemical engineering; Water flow; Solar still; Coating; Solar energy; Nanotechnology; Desalination; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Meteorology","score_opus":0.12481371585232817,"score_gpt":0.42280601104449506,"score_spread":0.29799229519216686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389433734","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9294667,0.0009814719,0.015850823,0.010531802,0.0026386215,0.009193112,0.0007551522,0.0032525929,0.02732972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95731306,0.00020494573,0.010031319,0.00011217977,0.0012027444,0.0019573458,0.005553609,0.000614441,0.02301033],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9841693,0.0073977397,0.0012792473,0.0021820955,0.002472879,0.002498726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99314547,0.0015726263,0.00029779604,0.0018762718,0.0027990318,0.00030878052],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008421438,0.0008511679,0.00097295904,0.0008267333,0.0013232093,0.0007967158,0.0013381504,0.0012868532,0.0013752837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026380064,0.00061620056,0.00038501827,0.0007512259,0.0003594981,0.0005431909,0.0025125067,0.0042684088,0.002888906],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012184608,0.0003383129,0.0021595722,0.0015929856,0.0010619314,0.0003037821,0.08002872,0.024066474,0.85611546,0.0011338992,0.027481403,0.004498977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000991743,0.00024267954,0.00060518476,0.0007080323,0.00006214918,0.000011084992,0.0045746276,0.0061713452,0.9305509,0.03357834,0.021409407,0.0010945603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006093146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002464769,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07545409,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013343833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004916597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389540932","doi":"10.17118/11143/20991","title":"Thermo-economic analysis of solar humidification-dehumidificationdesalination system with subsurface condenser","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Condenser (optics); Solar desalination; Environmental science; Process engineering; Materials science; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.03023134608431461,"score_gpt":0.28716709366437204,"score_spread":0.25693574758005744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389540932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9171103,0.000057993777,0.064042866,0.00043652058,0.0002110187,0.00044467993,0.00006873598,0.0009793544,0.016648527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98991436,0.000019651745,0.005625789,0.000024952626,0.00003499765,0.00010865776,0.0005960096,0.000055083547,0.0036204974],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99771017,0.00037023175,0.0007458225,0.00055203703,0.0003378945,0.0002838746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976151,0.00035813008,0.00046150846,0.0011349451,0.0003364784,0.00009385419],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013085409,0.00022548476,0.00047752852,0.00093621365,0.0001375285,0.000063260566,0.00040035349,0.00015556229,0.0007795936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005484641,0.00019340051,0.00016804642,0.0024536042,0.00010723679,0.00023181381,0.000030704865,0.00010370569,0.00082247646],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001368081,0.00011612663,0.03632278,0.00018151393,0.0038691286,0.000004242677,0.002636209,0.3374064,0.16116525,0.4552477,0.0006509495,0.002262895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012135474,0.000089249355,0.2792007,0.00003663914,0.0019726753,0.000006838497,0.006236372,0.32650048,0.3777581,0.0007369086,0.005348643,0.0008998814],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013128633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033008208,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4545108,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020973974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000090314395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389618896","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45457-8_4","title":"Solar Pond Applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Solar energy; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Greenhouse; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.054191960574235816,"score_gpt":0.2956325853029439,"score_spread":0.2414406247287081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389618896","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[3.8660744e-7,0.0001286139,0.032059565,0.00038072307,0.00035636796,0.00043371067,0.000058683978,0.0011567057,0.96542525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000029588162,0.0001556335,0.023530336,0.0003191545,0.0005355628,0.0002365455,0.0004488618,0.00026164736,0.97448266],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982356,0.00003525636,0.00048455672,0.0006335856,0.0003329018,0.00027810925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99799556,0.00020949438,0.0001816493,0.0013193279,0.00014801104,0.00014597218],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003432423,0.00036761534,0.00036298673,0.0003096912,0.00012373718,0.00006475726,0.000516297,0.0006088062,0.00767997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003241014,0.0003622364,0.00021478109,0.00008571805,0.000081986684,0.0000660289,0.00012981825,0.0004444334,0.033937223],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029376615,0.0000070356896,0.0000023923187,0.000021708924,0.00009198489,0.000004623578,0.000034546447,0.000018098066,0.00018172516,0.95796573,0.012606012,0.029063212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000080524514,0.000007668449,0.000016160317,0.000012715511,0.000043733675,0.000004455057,0.000005993511,0.00002047547,0.00044759468,0.25280273,0.74625117,0.00030675795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008006855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006719986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7336452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008046537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007093594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389618928","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45457-8_3","title":"Solar Pond Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Solar energy; Environmental science; Passive solar building design; Thermal energy storage; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Process engineering; Solar air conditioning; Engineering; Ecology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.0655826974248383,"score_gpt":0.2838755933576714,"score_spread":0.21829289593283308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389618928","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000020196683,0.00038595582,0.0027815332,0.00013438487,0.0029559408,0.000296401,0.000046141526,0.0011862108,0.9922114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001462752,0.00013103211,0.0032002805,0.00012620707,0.00073965354,0.000040901592,0.00021635712,0.00032080742,0.9950785],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978962,0.00008108834,0.00060132664,0.0006259883,0.000460584,0.00033481073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99806774,0.00022780534,0.00022484921,0.0011713862,0.00015486205,0.0001533651],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006139923,0.0004377661,0.0005422454,0.0003390443,0.000083829706,0.00013536948,0.00047335777,0.0007974672,0.0048879674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006710086,0.0004010364,0.00021903608,0.00005684287,0.000058461035,0.00007839946,0.00012226714,0.00046843773,0.02456376],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005907026,0.0000039963033,0.0000027024419,0.00006808386,0.00015782578,0.000037420814,0.000056708133,0.00010661491,0.00011996004,0.9724488,0.023890384,0.0031015554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013901977,0.000019327195,0.000009043333,0.000084034866,0.000056738187,0.000017112092,0.000022357428,0.00017162667,0.00023821557,0.05338387,0.94538504,0.00047360754],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041000763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000048338727,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92149466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010794324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006637212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389618945","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45457-8_5","title":"Analysis and Assessment of Solar Ponds","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Solar energy; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Solar air conditioning; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.05085372528827902,"score_gpt":0.3383080044561762,"score_spread":0.2874542791678972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389618945","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008803119,0.00008146286,0.018096356,0.00011723415,0.00014931499,0.00010558402,0.000045267378,0.00016449342,0.98115224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0035578231,0.00029682938,0.04720425,0.000059925704,0.00006452935,0.000010837693,0.00021748456,0.00008730218,0.948501],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984268,0.00006448206,0.00052791915,0.00045827866,0.00036253055,0.0001599654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853456,0.0002120982,0.0002712284,0.00075295666,0.00013936042,0.00008979661],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062153355,0.00026649502,0.0006687709,0.0008348094,0.000037766422,0.000033468415,0.00020755583,0.0003692546,0.0033483782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029190669,0.0002420965,0.0002869836,0.00019252991,0.00007708218,0.000048125632,0.0001238359,0.000274442,0.00008089734],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005993309,0.0000146644,0.0016536703,0.00006754962,0.0037430373,0.00001106787,0.000084574975,0.00014555664,0.00061007723,0.9716689,0.00048249742,0.021512413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010288961,0.00022691213,0.050670635,0.0001289411,0.009681605,0.00000937568,0.00011259306,0.00894399,0.0041331016,0.21872686,0.70420444,0.0021326686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002714192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019901241,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.752942,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000444952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005745207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975627},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389618959","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45457-8","title":"Solar Ponds","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.04636343867219729,"score_gpt":0.30168593687306056,"score_spread":0.2553224982008633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389618959","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000030499928,0.00012445974,0.0033422373,0.00026484372,0.0015226498,0.00015410222,0.000025356676,0.0014465037,0.9931168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000007885618,0.00006306622,0.010531144,0.00042499142,0.00080792664,0.000042813757,0.0005355503,0.00026197286,0.98732466],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811846,0.00013327015,0.00043806687,0.00056243956,0.00038878867,0.00035895885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99825245,0.00026334764,0.00014566629,0.0010968432,0.00010897202,0.00013270523],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005590226,0.0003575002,0.00041723787,0.0003285122,0.00007312994,0.000076500524,0.00055041764,0.0007339502,0.0069440985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014093424,0.00033386663,0.00022515199,0.00015959654,0.000057096237,0.00007142519,0.00014188788,0.0005150718,0.028684894],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000719335,0.000011509416,0.000005493099,0.000050823575,0.00014434743,0.000035240657,0.00011861486,0.000034860357,0.00025757978,0.23163186,0.7537204,0.0139821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012915223,0.0000162191,0.00003315895,0.000027148251,0.000038913546,0.0000053521476,0.000009662579,0.00006175721,0.00072576996,0.099345416,0.8992386,0.00036884766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000065735636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053466305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14551823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019782521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026302272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389622765","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45457-8_7","title":"Practical Examples and Case Studies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Flexibility (engineering); Adaptability; Renewable energy; Solar energy; Desalination; Environmental science; Electricity; Process engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Environmental economics; Biochemical engineering; Ecology; Electrical engineering; Economics; Biology","score_opus":0.27193320611350924,"score_gpt":0.4154554675589182,"score_spread":0.14352226144540897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389622765","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007705227,0.00091373577,0.00088762585,0.0011970934,0.0006771936,0.00023820285,0.000025331383,0.00063004275,0.9953537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00016563166,0.0014687645,0.0630429,0.00018469471,0.00027356605,0.000026213565,0.000023917524,0.00012413939,0.9346902],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986365,0.000083438004,0.00036567045,0.00051047315,0.00020475293,0.00019915849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976391,0.0014712749,0.00012993586,0.0005079397,0.00014322504,0.00010848852],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000537672,0.0003078738,0.00042764837,0.00015928758,0.00010762727,0.00005698324,0.00007365096,0.00033436922,0.00091832416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006112003,0.00025533242,0.00007252313,0.000027476242,0.00018952879,0.00008379674,0.00018820385,0.00033369078,0.0009249685],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000086102245,0.000005013507,0.0000041167273,0.000056557976,0.00034689243,0.0031654024,0.0002866095,0.0000011398388,0.000016007762,0.9676647,0.015500595,0.012944348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018735831,0.00004106549,0.000008966925,0.000051209037,0.00017561819,0.0033623069,0.0004599082,0.000025448977,0.00013109586,0.13737136,0.8577452,0.00044048476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016134481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00034938758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84224457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042526357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036634694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389962043","doi":"10.18280/psees.060101","title":"Conception of a Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond in Beirut, Lebanon: Instrumentation, Control, Maintenance and Economic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Solar pond; Instrumentation (computer programming); Salinity; Environmental science; Oceanography; Engineering; Geology; Solar energy; Computer science; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.01001176841803164,"score_gpt":0.23527755843435896,"score_spread":0.22526579001632732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389962043","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851063,0.0070713996,0.0065130633,0.000074254196,0.0007736381,0.00025063282,0.000033085973,0.0000665457,0.0001110805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979995,0.00015628601,0.0012695417,0.000015384026,0.000059316204,0.00040234506,0.000027797634,0.000030205292,0.000039662165],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844044,0.00028542816,0.000563559,0.00031597883,0.00012988984,0.00026467344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945396,0.00010045058,0.00016456794,0.00019657702,0.000023343217,0.000061112645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00092153467,0.00017373875,0.00035310903,0.0002741941,0.000067145134,0.000042438962,0.00013185704,0.00008183118,0.000012237861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025509351,0.00019421708,0.000030793697,0.00017419027,0.000069393194,0.00017517965,0.00006293188,0.00017238867,4.5317518e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028106858,0.00016553412,0.27391425,0.0005021504,0.00016400094,0.00003764264,0.00416377,0.5764275,0.002943194,0.11538597,0.000042107527,0.02597279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009105342,0.0005038808,0.07160307,0.0004583029,0.00005705543,0.00021349094,0.0026711414,0.84925705,0.0034424774,0.0010486129,0.060459677,0.0011798863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008105084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011020707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27282953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017905282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002594079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7919943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390517343","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.06.01.005","title":"Design, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation of Double Slope Active Solar Still under Forced Circulation Mode","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Distillation; Environmental science; Population; Solar still; Multiple-effect distillation; Solar energy; Renewable energy; Evaporation; Environmental engineering; Low-temperature thermal desalination; Water resources; Engineering; Chemistry; Meteorology; Ecology; Geography; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.026510930789615823,"score_gpt":0.25363128507591665,"score_spread":0.2271203542863008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390517343","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9293763,0.00013280034,0.070056975,0.00007000004,0.00016370439,0.00011436282,0.0000021748438,0.000005795764,0.000077884266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993135,0.00008106888,0.006640341,0.000016294403,0.00007620363,0.000011069716,0.000009396307,0.000013486255,0.000017189936],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991039,0.000045729572,0.0002894072,0.0000914246,0.00039091913,0.00007858904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995303,0.000044390035,0.00020483304,0.000065455155,0.000107277534,0.00004772712],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000338926,0.0000924335,0.00010584909,0.00011038399,0.000021426305,0.000026130454,0.000111040776,0.00004428454,0.00018471711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019545827,0.00008359813,0.00002889466,0.000029248433,0.000027629247,0.0005843934,0.000031978874,0.000087334745,0.0000033205238],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006366662,0.000021574198,0.0013069154,0.0000039422857,0.00009960331,1.9538786e-7,0.00046768298,0.66182333,0.2741993,0.00006652916,0.000001277483,0.061945934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009884044,0.00004144694,0.34264895,0.000021382035,0.00003863167,0.00003058566,0.00011693198,0.5581272,0.09763026,0.00022536359,0.00003821416,0.000092590235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034071767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.0283953e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34134206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013040403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010783031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34090325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390586853","doi":"10.1002/adma.202470007","title":"3D Printed Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogel Scaffold with Hierarchical Porous Structures for Fast Solar‐Driven Atmospheric Water Harvesting (Adv. Mater. 1/2024)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Nanofiber; Cellulose; Aerogel; Porosity; Chemical engineering; Evaporation; Sorption; Water vapor; 3d printed; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Adsorption; Organic chemistry; Meteorology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.014014479757918587,"score_gpt":0.2713554824598349,"score_spread":0.2573410027019163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390586853","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9395229,0.00020175055,0.053034093,0.0002908735,0.003385642,0.0012910919,0.00018113261,0.0011150634,0.0009774545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.55587894,0.000015511132,0.43383944,0.00016594514,0.0003969517,0.0005007489,0.00029831956,0.00027291346,0.008631188],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99619067,0.00033571216,0.0008853676,0.0011314617,0.00044848668,0.001008285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99836826,0.00023083386,0.00017139813,0.0007828672,0.00023073345,0.00021589281],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062980765,0.0006382584,0.0007159218,0.0000737566,0.000221645,0.000630064,0.0004710668,0.00027168242,0.0017708093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000112802394,0.00043980993,0.00011739359,0.000257717,0.0001749573,0.00064935815,0.00019417609,0.0001948572,0.0002386852],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049391575,0.000041701318,0.000038025246,0.0005219228,0.00017967715,0.000079014375,0.00079916185,0.002508933,0.9750646,0.004337678,0.00016207523,0.01577331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009287586,0.00020586823,0.00020559343,0.00021781067,0.000107384905,0.00012198187,0.000070586524,0.00049740233,0.94040215,0.0054612113,0.051114425,0.0006668495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012471154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027140846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38364393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001827937,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008469203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390705383","doi":"10.3390/c10010009","title":"Continuous Reactive-Roll-to-Roll Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Fog Water Harvesting Applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"C – Journal of Carbon Research","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Polytechnique Montréal; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Carbon nanotube; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Surface modification; Catalysis; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chemistry","score_opus":0.0751904836433387,"score_gpt":0.39301755252989984,"score_spread":0.31782706888656115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390705383","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9346924,0.0027713403,0.0075967433,0.0054413113,0.0010446719,0.0018257084,0.000033887267,0.00012087272,0.04647308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854298,0.00005083701,0.010579652,0.00003075862,0.00080722675,0.00023602518,0.0000074996333,0.00009626519,0.0027618923],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961098,0.00076132454,0.0009904243,0.00040189133,0.0010584705,0.0006780775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99503905,0.0016761034,0.00017171151,0.0004936374,0.0023203045,0.0002992141],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006706495,0.00021261131,0.00053908123,0.0012058347,0.00011486438,0.00018777422,0.00070080254,0.00018816911,0.000027238384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014290973,0.00016047842,0.00024892908,0.0008657615,0.00017563219,0.00019021587,0.00013334563,0.00081236416,0.000012834378],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042287968,0.00012004651,0.0010098246,0.00033540846,0.0002860854,0.000039656345,0.0024296828,0.00020568074,0.97435135,0.008942492,0.00042370477,0.011433186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089725765,0.0006050979,0.0005210553,0.0003004115,0.000091747446,0.00009617312,0.0005797505,0.0015360117,0.9092452,0.018548304,0.067320295,0.00025870153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005940514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021984197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.066896595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022302385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031457082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65441203},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391619104","doi":"10.1007/s11708-024-0917-9","title":"From seawater to hydrogen via direct photocatalytic vapor splitting: A review on device design and system integration","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Seawater; Photocatalysis; Water vapor; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen; Process engineering; Materials science; Water splitting; Environmental science; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Engineering; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.047120445973948086,"score_gpt":0.3232627313254082,"score_spread":0.2761422853514601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391619104","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001282053,0.90053314,0.0945552,0.000047082754,0.0018329478,0.0014104105,0.00003629296,0.00026307703,0.001320579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001291339,0.9297801,0.06493538,0.00033576775,0.00039549376,0.0020503695,0.000613588,0.00025839047,0.0016179691],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99390364,0.002142485,0.0015060712,0.0015464817,0.00036762995,0.00053369545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997654,0.00034153537,0.00041156443,0.0012521336,0.00007036548,0.0002703768],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016425392,0.00096372707,0.002838574,0.0008227423,0.00006763241,0.00014176227,0.00068058865,0.0005753168,0.00002441059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021133624,0.00074193877,0.00040673837,0.001173987,0.00004611402,0.00009753391,0.00016330993,0.00051493803,0.00022073065],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021689613,0.000027984397,4.5934547e-7,0.01716922,0.00036520784,0.00007281346,0.00018582352,0.00016503494,0.000006881876,0.0002050408,0.008559577,0.9732203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011620537,0.00005210859,1.3564842e-7,0.085177705,0.0014853352,0.000027962022,0.000036586727,0.002319651,0.00045773087,0.0003352653,0.9092945,0.0006968276],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018446504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053521984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97252345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010276617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001697587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99950314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391648920","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.023","title":"Micronleaf-shape graphene interfaces on wood transverse sections as advanced photothermal evaporators for water purification","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Material Science and Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Graphene; Materials science; Evaporation; Photothermal therapy; Evaporator; Desalination; Water transport; Photothermal effect; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Water flow; Heat exchanger; Environmental engineering; Membrane; Environmental science","score_opus":0.012650572985783324,"score_gpt":0.29088428701919766,"score_spread":0.27823371403341435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391648920","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99452454,0.00010248371,0.00053608173,0.0025612556,0.0018039914,0.00016670865,0.000010918331,0.00009314727,0.00020087423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953898,0.00005988798,0.004273085,0.000048655907,0.000110367895,0.000025447545,0.000001975298,0.000016233133,0.00007453805],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888206,0.000038895985,0.00035497147,0.00026203424,0.00020599122,0.00025606444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993685,0.000030186577,0.000106062485,0.00016706897,0.0002653938,0.000062807565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00095310726,0.0001228945,0.00017679256,0.0008171585,0.00018626181,0.00016136312,0.00033180657,0.00013963554,0.00019060528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009420396,0.00008354824,0.000043756627,0.0005729746,0.00041628466,0.00043360773,0.000024398993,0.0001536013,0.0000213368],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016287902,0.000030389134,0.000007365085,0.000017430275,0.000018717084,0.000004778117,0.00031669467,0.000027666452,0.96825117,0.005735131,0.000043504642,0.025384288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003329289,0.00053322123,0.000029099101,0.00004051524,0.00002331368,0.00014132305,0.0003604675,0.00009573089,0.9530806,0.010284532,0.034977607,0.0001006928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001069838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044056255,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034934103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007390118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000100115656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34069985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391883252","doi":"10.1115/1.4064774","title":"Economic and Performance Analysis of Modified Solar Distillation System Coupling Different Integrations Using Carbon Quantum Dot Nanoparticles: Generalized Thermal Model","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Carbon quantum dots; Quantum dot; Distillation; Coupling (piping); Thermal; Nanoparticle; Carbon Nanoparticles; Materials science; Carbon fibers; Nanofluid; Physics; Thermodynamics; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Composite material; Chromatography","score_opus":0.023369966716756025,"score_gpt":0.24909937236312366,"score_spread":0.22572940564636762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391883252","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75031805,0.000830117,0.2484231,0.000008822137,0.00032165812,0.00002775718,0.000005940695,0.000044637374,0.000019911338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99230236,0.000116703624,0.0073689073,0.0000021489411,0.00014314002,0.000004546612,0.000008043724,0.000045553148,0.000008588761],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984811,0.000053747357,0.0008667042,0.00019469133,0.00020381481,0.00019992542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921393,0.00009790087,0.00027925178,0.0002077284,0.000098408374,0.00010276849],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005084352,0.00021545231,0.0005212537,0.00072546536,0.00006261927,0.000100898105,0.00013779003,0.000106307816,0.000004213229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023786633,0.00018308937,0.00020307745,0.00032748413,0.000023026716,0.00030650556,0.000031363106,0.0001906507,1.6944801e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023429371,0.00000844407,0.0004852899,0.00007290571,0.00057030795,0.0000024924057,0.0002531245,0.70621175,0.28282288,0.009153145,1.603473e-7,0.00039609542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020794688,0.000029601886,0.0011652242,0.00014635781,0.0007576921,0.000018222547,0.0000733723,0.9249794,0.07241563,0.000036629142,0.0000076974,0.00016221532],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001813467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017474418,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24198431,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000324837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006148873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7466168},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392091517","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.104076","title":"The core-shell CuO/PDA@TA-Fe nanowires arrays on 3D Cu foam for solar evaporator and water purification with highly efficiency and stability","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surfaces and Interfaces","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Taizhou; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Evaporator; Core (optical fiber); Shell (structure); Chemical engineering; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.030698048917233118,"score_gpt":0.2796891098461794,"score_spread":0.24899106092894627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392091517","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98821706,0.0068657543,0.0018405014,0.0013299716,0.00043667416,0.0006016255,0.000058140864,0.00014692027,0.0005033816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99489164,0.00070007954,0.0035406938,0.00005449277,0.000059364495,0.00009446958,0.000022355971,0.000045002384,0.0005919043],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810284,0.00018429333,0.00038514787,0.000719615,0.00022618935,0.0003819183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986526,0.0005956688,0.000083797415,0.00041599997,0.00013910355,0.000112826645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011761207,0.00031032052,0.0002761899,0.00007240763,0.00046439227,0.0006386847,0.0001950788,0.00012406778,0.000032326254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000096826225,0.0001632588,0.000037078327,0.00012686916,0.00042888787,0.00032631741,0.0000684297,0.00018723859,0.000014496892],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015366387,0.0002455543,0.011168979,0.0010560304,0.00041341496,0.00000534739,0.015456727,0.0008672896,0.8951011,0.013210674,0.0014847321,0.05945356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006716193,0.0011490765,0.002189626,0.00016992698,0.00010368388,0.0000117509235,0.0018285047,0.022933424,0.83936554,0.0034122006,0.1276229,0.0005417766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018665647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014171678,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12613817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003836906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036205336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6657501},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392453228","doi":"10.1002/agt2.531","title":"RETRACTED: Plasmonic group 4 transition metal carbide interfaces for solar‐driven desalination","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aggregate","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":true,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ocean Frontier Institute; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Carbide; Plasmon; Materials science; Transition metal; Group (periodic table); Nanotechnology; Desalination; Engineering physics; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.026877202495523344,"score_gpt":0.2983771427867685,"score_spread":0.2714999402912452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392453228","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8957512,0.0017487938,0.095310524,0.001727814,0.0021741886,0.00061605877,0.00009094743,0.00091158843,0.0016688958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9737206,0.00010069433,0.024310721,0.00009724122,0.00024861362,0.00017625427,0.00031824748,0.000081317914,0.000946286],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983559,0.0002162741,0.00039343126,0.00048253004,0.0002325808,0.00031923575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991535,0.00028166073,0.0000923338,0.0002966519,0.00009795203,0.00007793412],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006710492,0.0002209256,0.00022506008,0.0002339267,0.000110476176,0.00018347171,0.00020865543,0.00024449336,0.00010806175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011878609,0.00020969368,0.0001742584,0.00033101687,0.00005513925,0.00057697063,0.00001936804,0.0002996476,0.00016436323],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002944631,0.00014651594,0.0000858299,0.00048554546,0.00071182754,0.000055211993,0.006131707,0.0030815292,0.70423126,0.046446998,0.0014204978,0.2369086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000845476,0.00025684806,0.0009097824,0.00028945063,0.0003053952,0.000052587926,0.00020396398,0.085690334,0.78775126,0.017021872,0.10612034,0.0005526641],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002491939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017734071,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23635595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014893223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041656767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.855106},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392463755","doi":"10.36805/jbf.v3i4.941","title":"COMPARISON OF BRACKET WATER DESALINATION TESTS IN THE FORM OF POWDER, GRANULES AND GREEN ALGAE HYDROGEL","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Jurnal Buana Farma","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"WiLAN (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Bracket; Algae; Water desalination; Green algae; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Environmental science; Chemistry; Botany; Biology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Biochemistry; Membrane","score_opus":0.04760548890303482,"score_gpt":0.36228274201199934,"score_spread":0.3146772531089645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392463755","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955805,0.0012000084,0.00058290473,0.0011193218,0.00013249043,0.00014327196,0.000010912737,0.000031231382,0.001199352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982601,0.00003887977,0.0014107652,0.0000856798,0.000053609896,0.000012431665,0.000028355318,0.000019661806,0.000090548165],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986111,0.00019682503,0.0005446816,0.00017868739,0.00028567683,0.00018302916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992913,0.0002840424,0.00009681472,0.00022306244,0.00006809713,0.000036666974],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009973499,0.0001268429,0.00024484535,0.00024351654,0.000039662777,0.00003693275,0.00022709783,0.00008993094,0.000035103432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004892458,0.000078188175,0.0000687451,0.0002714471,0.00008706214,0.00018916803,0.000039467694,0.00021565678,0.0000116048195],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023702161,0.00056225236,0.2641933,0.00091211044,0.00026925254,0.00004557602,0.048397023,0.0003591745,0.30606058,0.07816313,0.0010207529,0.29977983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013558107,0.00026219536,0.23410177,0.00026622982,0.000160764,0.0001020467,0.0021804282,0.023286503,0.6314085,0.08319918,0.023238739,0.00043780403],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00093849347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035780232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32534796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003444769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017969041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31884214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393169790","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202450502004","title":"RETRACTED: A Review on Next-Generation Solar Solutions: Pioneering Materials and Designs for Sustainable Energy Harvesting","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":true,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Horizon College and Seminary","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainable energy; Solar energy; Engineering physics; Energy harvesting; Environmental science; Architectural engineering; Energy (signal processing); Engineering; Renewable energy; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.2678029245788148,"score_gpt":0.37601590824128145,"score_spread":0.10821298366246662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393169790","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000006362707,0.99182105,0.0038879404,0.00009095267,0.0005674338,0.001021141,0.000067122804,0.00014058502,0.002397398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00064670114,0.9892641,0.004655125,0.0000572604,0.00050475815,0.0010113807,0.0005425257,0.000090804315,0.0032273952],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963749,0.00073922484,0.0013995988,0.00070060557,0.00030159747,0.0004840627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99754745,0.00064586813,0.0007785744,0.0005043736,0.0004188937,0.000104818086],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025436878,0.00055698334,0.0018512503,0.00044701196,0.00020962219,0.00046599173,0.00036955654,0.0004952138,0.00018387905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015454465,0.0004482111,0.00026620887,0.00044360885,0.000094595656,0.00037387188,0.00010269518,0.0002895727,0.00001548381],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007050882,0.000033328903,2.1968037e-7,0.09117772,0.0002570186,0.000007332719,0.00003666936,0.000005523327,0.0013910683,0.24303415,0.0024734961,0.6615764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008929081,0.00011560463,3.188739e-7,0.040254105,0.0011108343,0.00001719694,0.000041438594,0.00018965112,0.0010995005,0.0017490141,0.9549017,0.00043135392],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037299364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003241544,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9524282,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000106686675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015199053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394187614","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.6967946","title":"Efficacy of a solar still in destroying virus and indicator bacteria in water for human consumption","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Consumption (sociology); Water consumption; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Sociology; Social science","score_opus":0.08298183097636029,"score_gpt":0.3493838426643388,"score_spread":0.2664020116879785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394187614","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.029310077,0.00007433532,0.0000012402182,0.000005397261,0.00007486641,0.0006651486,0.9698409,0.000023979945,0.000004063159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0025825764,0.000009789909,0.00096122513,0.000033538006,0.00012492857,0.0005858099,0.99564517,0.000045569846,0.000011408624],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808085,0.00025576836,0.0006323352,0.0005156996,0.00015122647,0.00036413604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987501,0.00024834208,0.00028294395,0.0005687104,0.000070302456,0.00007961798],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031041048,0.0002983483,0.00048691581,0.0005138524,0.00004515617,0.000060823924,0.00038023083,0.0005474088,0.040863186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00090262585,0.00027132157,0.0000594955,0.00010717695,0.00003653907,0.00012124471,0.00017308221,0.00030873463,0.00037208418],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011439383,0.00011027401,0.00017081117,0.0012894266,0.000033303197,0.000008234095,0.00028731112,0.000003880763,0.0060855933,0.0000018582671,0.9914713,0.00042360037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015393689,0.00007476975,0.011649933,0.0016688193,0.000024677563,0.000003610662,0.000005546644,0.000009138313,0.022756955,0.00006224736,0.9618646,0.00034031898],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032099523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007435102,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0404911,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009282769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047719608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394614831","doi":"10.32388/gxhmz2","title":"Review of: \"Experimental Behavior of Solar Still Using Mixed Oxides Mn-Fe/Silicona Resin Composite as Selective Solar Absorber\"","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"peer-review","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Composite number; Materials science; Composite material","score_opus":0.061963611634685806,"score_gpt":0.3846864254651844,"score_spread":0.3227228138304986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394614831","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0038686711,0.97734714,0.000500267,0.0018875644,0.003257941,0.0032139604,0.0013115439,0.00035477825,0.008258146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006407256,0.4062968,0.30629626,0.015054515,0.001737721,0.002303238,0.012866402,0.0022833163,0.24675448],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99195206,0.0017875639,0.002848027,0.0014912058,0.0012221764,0.00069894997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99466527,0.000443902,0.0014790456,0.0018356512,0.0013043975,0.0002717101],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024166084,0.0011577904,0.0031590734,0.00054649054,0.000109948094,0.00007280969,0.0011288904,0.0007728381,0.0030004554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00056590774,0.0010678377,0.0011780402,0.0011900099,0.00032971808,0.00024291518,0.00047321492,0.0011891599,0.00028972237],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000099792815,0.00086003775,0.000042767806,0.09328714,0.0014156521,0.0000707497,0.0004625969,0.000015345646,0.34863302,0.0009993531,0.5445855,0.009528004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027832386,0.00014125799,0.000034145214,0.05333248,0.002121731,0.00010696445,0.000040705287,0.000041639723,0.42902213,0.00013034153,0.51395315,0.00079714006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049985787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011213316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57105035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00057379104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00067648094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99917716},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394784040","doi":"10.1007/s40843-024-2892-6","title":"Structural integration of solar desalination system","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science China Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Solar desalination; Environmental science; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.026608247564085863,"score_gpt":0.3199245469236692,"score_spread":0.2933162993595833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394784040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98628485,0.00006410049,0.0071468106,0.0000860347,0.0037014922,0.00015826568,0.000023819186,0.00024176281,0.0022928356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98785806,0.000002374475,0.011799663,0.0000059674467,0.00014030561,0.000015769154,0.000021376556,0.000014893649,0.00014159005],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984851,0.0001886646,0.000405397,0.00033378837,0.0003874945,0.00019955367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935246,0.00003633856,0.00011175165,0.00031544708,0.00013456322,0.000049462033],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002340851,0.00011670506,0.00017416346,0.0002900343,0.00013349294,0.0003709557,0.00036277555,0.000060355876,0.00017822314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025289805,0.0000881326,0.000033383472,0.0006807776,0.00023136934,0.0007953331,0.00004940969,0.000051542705,0.00007264671],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056804324,0.0000021225715,0.000013404508,0.00008949891,0.0000030660701,0.0000010181409,0.00082676386,0.00006983454,0.7948175,0.19952148,0.00000784535,0.0046418016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054403,0.000023312901,0.0079385955,0.00011478916,0.000009698467,0.000015384998,0.00017015624,0.0036474154,0.9819392,0.005855926,0.00013310208,0.0000980299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033887592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044056806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19366555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001557842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011737239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35939428},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396590516","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.117686","title":"Root-based solar interfacial evaporation setup for efficient volumetric reduction of concentrated slurry waste","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Research (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Slurry; Evaporation; Evaporator; Desalination; Materials science; Seawater; Capillary action; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Environmental science; Composite material; Meteorology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.029229033476231313,"score_gpt":0.31468349774531224,"score_spread":0.28545446426908094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396590516","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5114771,0.00025319596,0.48503122,0.00022969261,0.001914037,0.000539571,0.000050219878,0.00023544356,0.00026953168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989527,0.0000025177555,0.009015663,0.000012723014,0.00025975655,0.0001117144,0.0007621533,0.000042842403,0.00026562024],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828047,0.00026497283,0.0005557967,0.0003773288,0.00031969216,0.00020176837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988236,0.00015835706,0.00019539826,0.00023977559,0.0005290211,0.00005387757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011086608,0.00016097343,0.00018607285,0.00056180655,0.000102198544,0.0001004016,0.0001224188,0.00018402802,0.0000632705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041844547,0.00016709293,0.00011241139,0.0011851736,0.000057808767,0.00021237752,0.000011537657,0.0001266685,0.00003334048],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004656735,0.00033073506,0.00017351612,0.00058475876,0.0001400029,0.000004447041,0.0022229399,0.28500444,0.5338344,0.03790065,0.0014428458,0.13789558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00049666717,0.000114657465,0.00027372027,0.000053571217,0.00005792145,0.0000036119923,0.00011377225,0.58299744,0.41001663,0.00070953526,0.0050248285,0.00013765627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005912321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000093609615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47804993,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026179545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014205949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6813852},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396675505","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142416","title":"Novel cellulose-based films with highly efficient photothermal performance for sustainable solar evaporation and solar-thermal power generation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Solar energy; Energy conversion efficiency; Concentrated solar power; Thermal energy; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Process engineering; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.01838815593681267,"score_gpt":0.25022196046021256,"score_spread":0.23183380452339988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396675505","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87689644,0.0003086178,0.12044083,0.0007663303,0.00088232965,0.0004475529,0.0000025124602,0.0000603968,0.00019497045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.967252,0.0000108842605,0.02950396,0.00006559351,0.0009514043,0.00003271731,0.000024103038,0.00006801259,0.0020912944],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982452,0.00012449712,0.0005505695,0.00036263245,0.00042280098,0.00029432212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846464,0.00005086985,0.00035397772,0.00023977064,0.0008034139,0.000087341105],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019060258,0.00021464446,0.00022907364,0.00034149626,0.00020407452,0.00026443953,0.000110334164,0.0001218903,0.00006550807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001235504,0.00016580905,0.00008549663,0.00027269806,0.00007216099,0.0008253026,0.000012550807,0.00027917032,0.0000054836446],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000712852,0.00016183376,0.00010949802,0.00021042862,0.00007851898,0.000009769414,0.0010380396,0.3685608,0.621038,0.00069277827,0.0008203118,0.006567127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010771088,0.0008322564,0.0009451791,0.00008638904,0.00012471533,0.00019632535,0.00037574273,0.17071842,0.7950505,0.000034910554,0.030293312,0.00026517286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022957016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036623494,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19784239,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016036947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022051873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67614967},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396677969","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-22-2024-74","title":"Mathematical Investigation of Non-Linear Reaction-Diffusion Equations on Multiphase Flow Transport in the Entrapped-Cell Photobioreactor Using Asymptotic Methods","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Photobioreactor; Mathematics; Flow (mathematics); Reaction–diffusion system; Applied mathematics; Diffusion; Convection–diffusion equation; Multiphase flow; Asymptotic analysis; Mechanics; Mathematical optimization; Mathematical analysis; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering; Geometry; Waste management","score_opus":0.038437359117216754,"score_gpt":0.3747019853580006,"score_spread":0.33626462624078385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396677969","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30923855,0.00007765307,0.6897161,0.0004454421,0.00007973114,0.0001567067,0.000023978559,0.000009130433,0.00025266365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8506831,0.000078227386,0.14885953,0.00007205913,0.00016724881,0.00003121377,0.000066429486,0.000013503664,0.000028712822],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979623,0.00025766017,0.0009580738,0.00021452217,0.00050008984,0.00010737522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99789965,0.001051335,0.0004021927,0.00024002766,0.0003334203,0.000073359486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016234386,0.00014220741,0.0002881336,0.0009819857,0.000065545275,0.000061475446,0.0003337415,0.0000871548,0.0000809636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001027003,0.00010277491,0.00028790504,0.0010801303,0.00008707458,0.0002093449,0.0000136843655,0.0002800721,0.000006315303],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014403477,0.0012160311,0.004973488,0.00010065809,0.0019628445,0.000023846513,0.007222291,0.06933254,0.84832954,0.024423052,0.000027856066,0.042243786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007873376,0.00009111849,0.010638264,0.00016751167,0.0016893056,0.00005077863,0.000935986,0.9197126,0.052655518,0.010700386,0.002339557,0.00023165981],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013472546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001975522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85038006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009012443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000874583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41910392},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396890232","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202400951","title":"Cover Feature: Advances in Hierarchical Inorganic Nanostructures for Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting Systems (ChemSusChem 11/2024)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemSusChem","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Solar energy; Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Fossil fuel; Photovoltaics; Solar energy conversion; Clean energy; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.014365689297865929,"score_gpt":0.2763105370804166,"score_spread":0.26194484778255067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396890232","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6032772,0.15101014,0.16509892,0.003282133,0.026571956,0.003229176,0.00040340525,0.0040120925,0.043114945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9675643,0.00019184865,0.017267937,0.00020789329,0.0013354934,0.00050175865,0.00022709215,0.00025046236,0.012453227],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99620587,0.00021848478,0.0007976323,0.0012685255,0.0005461858,0.00096333155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99761736,0.0009788038,0.00017339953,0.00078410975,0.0001680949,0.00027820191],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089175784,0.0006126813,0.0006630358,0.0003880569,0.00018841417,0.000435152,0.00063753227,0.0005729025,0.00015516469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00085274666,0.0005676719,0.0002628842,0.0011419834,0.00017045741,0.0003937056,0.00016975384,0.00070982834,0.00006970798],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030483698,0.00027946522,0.001288413,0.002937929,0.0002850045,0.00015516841,0.002026408,0.017675163,0.77041715,0.14612997,0.021824569,0.036675945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006499007,0.00003868037,0.00015518015,0.00023943435,0.000041516312,0.00006069094,0.00014424822,0.022282932,0.40701783,0.0012989423,0.567518,0.00055263547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022399837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000078722966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54569346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039182388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000240233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399265316","doi":"10.18331/brj2024.11.2.3","title":"The role of semi-artificial photosynthetic systems in energy and environmental solutions: a critical review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biofuel Research Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial photosynthesis; Photosynthesis; Environmental science; Computer science; Chemistry; Biochemistry","score_opus":0.17114610263142943,"score_gpt":0.4341248073816113,"score_spread":0.26297870475018187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399265316","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003115589,0.9981614,0.00003782946,0.00021687316,0.00046177773,0.00047643826,0.000084192674,0.000014745022,0.000543652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00022097633,0.9985374,0.00010008518,0.000008449604,0.00044453464,0.00032576857,0.000019641733,0.0000783736,0.00026472996],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9890869,0.006633365,0.0016671089,0.000487687,0.0012397328,0.0008851695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996212,0.0024653317,0.0002535075,0.0006308837,0.0001265102,0.00031175686],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011356672,0.00035567186,0.0011996387,0.00067167386,0.000461222,0.0004085883,0.0007983833,0.00037100646,0.00011930125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023904026,0.00022074016,0.00040045672,0.0007256169,0.0008313757,0.00011210964,0.0003779294,0.0018663609,0.00008109689],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001046442,0.00008529764,0.000001000556,0.013960182,0.00011763762,0.00005970578,0.000049646118,6.5984693e-7,0.00013343425,0.017463967,0.000615093,0.9675029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004397738,0.000055341494,3.4120154e-7,0.037939597,0.0002327148,0.00094477006,0.00027163318,0.00019187553,0.000023482158,0.009923404,0.9501848,0.00018802857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020058916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003147228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9673149,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005002859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006127314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90015227},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399358374","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-dhl01","title":"Refractory Plasmonic Material based Floating Solar Still for Simultaneous Desalination and Electricity Generation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Research Nova Scotia; Killam Trusts; Ocean Frontier Institute; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Desalination; Environmental science; Solar desalination; Photovoltaic system; Process engineering; Electricity; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.03874517085036995,"score_gpt":0.30199695019338646,"score_spread":0.2632517793430165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399358374","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92600507,0.0005452214,0.06886482,0.00022693868,0.002510594,0.0009443438,0.00006773235,0.0005186319,0.00031663486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91426146,0.00004005007,0.082331724,0.000094378825,0.0012036006,0.00025165034,0.0012380166,0.00013997588,0.0004391262],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99756277,0.0002474155,0.0006145538,0.00094842474,0.00026129745,0.00036556154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99816376,0.00056394085,0.0003276431,0.0005445656,0.00029651335,0.00010358639],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096972316,0.00042348658,0.0004129762,0.00025218708,0.0001379141,0.0003639438,0.000240036,0.00074640603,0.000066336455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012709397,0.00044894993,0.00014057862,0.0001563624,0.000049198647,0.00007738228,0.0001870096,0.00059890153,0.000021505013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021208495,0.00011302797,0.00003646065,0.0013744277,0.00017600854,0.000014852394,0.00065713667,0.044323746,0.9167156,0.0017086476,0.0005148344,0.03415317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002982629,0.000043512693,0.000016572301,0.000057608406,0.00011017807,0.0000026737114,0.000007148287,0.41585356,0.57274103,0.0057433434,0.004794048,0.0003320517],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009860433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023621089,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37152982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037447512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023213233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399514526","doi":"10.1080/01457632.2024.2362542","title":"Thermal Performance of Conventional-Metal and Novel-Plastic Drain Water Heat Recovery Device","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat Transfer Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat sink; Materials science; Thermal conduction; Transient (computer programming); Thermal; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Water flow; Thermal resistance; Nuclear engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Mechanics; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.015065348890756673,"score_gpt":0.22661381737731087,"score_spread":0.2115484684865542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399514526","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8808887,0.0006519011,0.117049076,0.000078688405,0.0006566126,0.00009826206,0.000017034528,0.00016613706,0.00039357922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99682784,0.000043102667,0.0027700632,0.0000200504,0.00010642951,0.00003109911,0.00003136896,0.0000562522,0.00011377631],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895865,0.000029414226,0.0003097605,0.00026364494,0.00016740947,0.00027111624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995547,0.00018032214,0.0000014817465,0.000161509,0.00003118228,0.00007082708],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030530166,0.00018949863,0.00021084705,0.00017595154,0.000033983535,0.00004153216,0.00008985266,0.00009322277,0.00032074377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013123424,0.0001564445,0.00008831073,0.0001473812,0.000031343905,0.00026796488,0.000013454023,0.00018546447,0.00003579421],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003156738,0.000019402161,0.00010350325,0.00059826614,0.0001007476,0.0000045050656,0.00042337723,0.13330813,0.8616915,0.0025238865,0.0000025547204,0.0011925915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052380556,0.00009689196,0.0056344126,0.00022985149,0.00007973686,0.000050171624,0.000017091028,0.21182603,0.7748078,0.000018890394,0.0064005717,0.00031476258],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000043315085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031061063,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11593915,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034998226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015591362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6379621},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399921134","doi":"10.18280/mmep.110610","title":"Mathematical Modelling and Performance Review of Desalination Technology Based Renewable Energy","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Renewable energy; Process engineering; Biochemical engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Engineering; Chemistry; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.029840512210151725,"score_gpt":0.2429499585967577,"score_spread":0.21310944638660598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399921134","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005806424,0.015777593,0.9767054,0.0002474245,0.000048294838,0.00015259247,0.0000019913157,0.00036929784,0.0008910357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4664661,0.004917249,0.5281412,0.000027097469,0.000030437308,0.000115309915,0.000009110793,0.00007186036,0.0002216618],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984805,0.00003095394,0.0006319644,0.0003506397,0.00022227637,0.0002836807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920166,0.00025815022,0.000061922554,0.00030525328,0.000079853155,0.00009313563],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008768981,0.00023750524,0.0004385346,0.00028370286,0.000050707018,0.000055746816,0.00012541749,0.00018530885,0.00003349294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000080459424,0.00020588143,0.00005878366,0.00039494195,0.00006450302,0.00013690893,0.00004186724,0.0001986292,0.000007671299],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002612975,0.00002753779,0.000001526641,0.023189602,0.000025268993,0.0000011125082,0.000113788614,0.86006796,0.00047321615,0.11355907,0.0000073892547,0.0025309299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000920704,0.00003935774,1.5709014e-7,0.011181113,0.000057788624,0.00002667407,0.0000052314417,0.89557385,0.004123619,0.08734991,0.0013557731,0.00019447328],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018552882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.8593421e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46065968,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029011248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021552643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8395601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400581642","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01385","title":"High-Efficiency Photothermal Water Evaporation under Low-Intensity Sunlight Using Wood Biochar Monolith","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Monolith; Evaporation; Photothermal therapy; Chemistry; Sunlight; Adsorption; Light intensity; Intensity (physics); Chemical engineering; Environmental chemistry; Materials science; Pyrolysis; Nanotechnology; Catalysis; Optics","score_opus":0.029684612974488496,"score_gpt":0.28520509472941635,"score_spread":0.25552048175492786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400581642","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9725907,0.00027525704,0.023411214,0.0006716431,0.001162821,0.00017461031,0.00001817883,0.0005130067,0.0011825886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936643,0.000004366643,0.003963475,0.00032887698,0.00044403345,0.00001651188,0.00011185994,0.000070555754,0.0013959969],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984006,0.00015535021,0.00030648866,0.00046715146,0.00025423386,0.00041613195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993445,0.000031262985,0.000043004366,0.00040166007,0.00010190296,0.00007762115],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004064229,0.00022406694,0.00022564663,0.00018887072,0.00014606169,0.00017089312,0.00019776908,0.0001728344,0.00092394196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000136709505,0.00016184845,0.000098745906,0.00028818354,0.000062110565,0.0002465333,0.000060574363,0.00019444173,0.0011931309],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005394551,0.0001025677,0.00010926773,0.000089435,0.00009644028,0.000052791147,0.0034083377,0.0033943336,0.9717569,0.018956546,0.00048737848,0.0014920582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027832953,0.000028608652,0.0010331164,0.00004414665,0.00005124599,0.00003471145,0.0001811012,0.015259249,0.970907,0.0036807621,0.0081547415,0.00034700753],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009155197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025007017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021073643,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013889717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041130075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400889598","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-50279-z","title":"Thermo-adaptive interfacial solar evaporation enhanced by dynamic water gating","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Evaporation; Latent heat; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.021977515013959746,"score_gpt":0.3362241720007343,"score_spread":0.31424665698677456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400889598","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2535156,0.05959047,0.39064053,0.0486372,0.008303727,0.0035600488,0.00062544306,0.006709853,0.22841713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9681247,0.00019027796,0.028685747,0.0002773412,0.00007791793,0.00016487004,0.0009293693,0.00006837324,0.0014813989],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980025,0.00064349925,0.00042803795,0.00039118392,0.00024235655,0.00029242103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975196,0.0003509332,0.000079836784,0.0017651814,0.00021557338,0.0000688851],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006804987,0.00023169856,0.00019168001,0.0001657684,0.000389756,0.00021989414,0.0011461645,0.0004545326,0.00025662902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017290881,0.00018811096,0.000111774876,0.00038585125,0.00014582215,0.00041318912,0.00029456077,0.0015383273,0.0005106707],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025342704,0.000091738344,0.000013220059,0.000018779414,0.00014676402,8.025697e-7,0.0060828836,0.0001034845,0.9110611,0.030957658,0.0027118623,0.04878634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035171944,0.00007349009,0.00023265794,0.00013263909,0.000108398955,0.000008370971,0.00080432085,0.045744527,0.59794044,0.013256002,0.34070796,0.0006394351],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000067829365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032916814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7146091,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002241067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055549437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76709425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401100912","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.109923","title":"Reduction of sugarcane stillage generation through Heat-Integrated Distillation and Evaporation (HIDiE)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Stillage; Distillation; Reduction (mathematics); Evaporation; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Chemistry; Food science; Mathematics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Physics","score_opus":0.030231904494797533,"score_gpt":0.2905498438033597,"score_spread":0.2603179393085622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401100912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80779964,0.005069406,0.18533765,0.00048661252,0.00034702706,0.00023713289,0.000010098198,0.00051060854,0.00020180056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98622733,0.00015307152,0.012856433,0.0000138083215,0.0002451052,0.00005206306,0.00035363314,0.00004840663,0.000050155908],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985702,0.000034836594,0.0004932583,0.00051369396,0.0002095647,0.00017847226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991269,0.00005756547,0.00009838181,0.00017310833,0.00047542702,0.00006858081],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033232267,0.00022895826,0.00023555997,0.00015395135,0.00007998583,0.00017033666,0.00007171877,0.00020178802,0.000009276813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042882623,0.00021550964,0.000030407127,0.0005346814,0.000108164306,0.0005653854,0.000015514743,0.00022609255,0.0000021353424],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030476629,0.000019389949,0.000025249192,0.0009992952,0.000021671252,6.2599554e-7,0.0025977571,0.0044921176,0.9359705,0.00288735,0.000027823411,0.05292777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011507176,0.000022344519,0.00009519985,0.00028920776,0.000045422883,0.00004675266,0.0001950978,0.4880118,0.50913733,0.0010293628,0.0008218717,0.0001905286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000056228982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.2813517e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48351967,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008003424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006287003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87882286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401198156","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2024.113132","title":"Integrating insulated concrete form (ICF) with solar-driven reverse osmosis desalination for building integrated energy storage in cold climates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Reverse osmosis; Desalination; Solar desalination; Geothermal desalination; Solar energy; Environmental science; Engineering; Architectural engineering; Civil engineering; Passive solar building design; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Membrane","score_opus":0.02212072559184478,"score_gpt":0.286000217650562,"score_spread":0.2638794920587172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401198156","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47183198,0.0015548979,0.52313507,0.0004959099,0.0015650577,0.0002337129,0.00006082719,0.00024190622,0.00088065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8975317,0.00020233418,0.10085157,0.00023585002,0.00033013083,0.000064350395,0.000083069826,0.00015121473,0.00054976955],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964383,0.0005199582,0.00144929,0.0004923484,0.00053164945,0.0005684296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968592,0.0008425478,0.0008566632,0.00036170738,0.0008626429,0.00021726194],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017708528,0.00048310726,0.0007752772,0.0012302131,0.00017293305,0.0003490376,0.00049407384,0.00037643008,0.00006797829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00064698484,0.00038655676,0.00029362002,0.0014121898,0.00009833161,0.001111879,0.000061680046,0.00065727526,0.0000019410645],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016875368,0.00015730891,0.0011923152,0.00032753017,0.0011601002,0.0008808377,0.0036600183,0.07730562,0.5865542,0.3001389,0.0022861103,0.024649497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0050287573,0.0017569595,0.0003331973,0.0030705028,0.00046381596,0.00042031563,0.0019173305,0.3303342,0.2910613,0.0056244424,0.35853922,0.0014499393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009874185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007064811,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42569974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010374027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003594893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401386375","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124118","title":"A performance neural network model for conventional solar stills via transfer learning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University; King Abdulaziz University; Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research; DAISY Foundation; University of Northern British Columbia; Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Lab, Prince Sultan University; Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science","keywords":"Artificial neural network; Transfer of learning; Distillation; Solar still; Generalization; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Hyperparameter; Computer science; Desalination; Mathematics","score_opus":0.024142630891142866,"score_gpt":0.25920315693267426,"score_spread":0.23506052604153138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401386375","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.032347966,0.0004183774,0.9582936,0.00012249524,0.0005974017,0.0001651345,0.000008387773,0.0005328747,0.007513755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97054684,0.0000618236,0.023163727,0.00029464977,0.0006281716,0.00050869636,0.00021902638,0.00010904445,0.0044679977],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828625,0.0000658107,0.00038068954,0.00051525683,0.00023773953,0.0005142423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936074,0.00019173483,0.000030380977,0.00025530186,0.00005376004,0.000108056454],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000425107,0.00025664232,0.00024494945,0.000100229154,0.00021767136,0.00009449105,0.00023176568,0.00017818926,0.00019888589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008130439,0.00025346308,0.0001689636,0.00027605754,0.000058788977,0.00015234378,0.000031091455,0.00025242794,0.000057487137],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007471305,0.00001905953,0.000015904496,0.000047673588,0.00006751129,0.0000011364314,0.00017534813,0.7469563,0.005992392,0.17752337,0.000502087,0.0686245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038003878,0.00003769962,0.000039506926,0.000016886803,0.000044203305,0.0000063262773,0.000010217216,0.8647227,0.0058798846,0.010161076,0.11843171,0.00026973806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035167453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001631779,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9381989,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005780044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056503806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999918},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401733778","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03018","title":"Dual Plasmons with Bioinspired 3D Network Structure Enabling Ultrahigh Efficient Solar Steam Generation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nano Letters","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Plasmon; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Dual (grammatical number); Optoelectronics; Engineering physics; Physics","score_opus":0.015956724272434362,"score_gpt":0.239646139554123,"score_spread":0.22368941528168865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401733778","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9502906,0.00053700176,0.043526903,0.0021196608,0.0023617,0.0002998353,0.000036666308,0.0005562151,0.00027142305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9512412,0.000011037,0.04463539,0.0017546018,0.001791431,0.00003726939,0.00021717804,0.00010586669,0.0002060625],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977105,0.00027097896,0.00036829538,0.0006597359,0.0004489508,0.00054151745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909747,0.00013635453,0.00008815482,0.00050372304,0.000057987298,0.00011630658],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036632663,0.00031872228,0.00024039994,0.0002057706,0.00026639568,0.00030672824,0.00020003418,0.00019091181,0.00016978243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034415007,0.00025850188,0.00008603579,0.0007148615,0.00008781498,0.000168392,0.000031380245,0.0003080198,0.0000814698],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025485992,0.000013722179,0.00014934194,0.000023920747,0.00008666198,0.00004564896,0.00057022006,0.33411044,0.65623474,0.0006178828,0.0041503813,0.0039715837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001320101,0.00017991525,0.0011001967,0.0002165325,0.00026195985,0.00017636965,0.00012389652,0.06073091,0.6736821,0.00008503772,0.26087016,0.0012528528],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000106002895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007439848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2733795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015905574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000740522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401822460","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202401307","title":"Floating Photothermal Hydrogen Production","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ChemSusChem","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Hydrogen production; Materials science; Hydrogen; Nanotechnology; Solar energy; Photothermal effect; Energy carrier; Process engineering; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.09854196613038749,"score_gpt":0.380131443633598,"score_spread":0.2815894775032105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401822460","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000043442426,0.97671425,0.000028721848,0.000036255326,0.0016048863,0.00058951136,0.000017301994,0.0007149847,0.020250628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000069740213,0.97390145,0.005510024,0.00002187735,0.0023607481,0.0002486035,0.00032984992,0.0003328655,0.017287591],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99707437,0.00024300073,0.0008609909,0.0010379346,0.0003219008,0.0004618137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982652,0.00008382319,0.000344989,0.0010991597,0.00007470323,0.00013209945],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077565276,0.0006581224,0.0012603912,0.00025252803,0.00009583613,0.000103024395,0.00051995757,0.00061607297,0.00050927035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032390398,0.0005499945,0.0006620548,0.0007731827,0.00006844239,0.00012383773,0.00014505914,0.00086014543,0.0035693282],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000019810877,0.000029072955,2.6183324e-7,0.014920566,0.00031301402,0.00001429322,0.000200318,0.0000034858588,0.0008585186,0.00055664993,0.0026295558,0.98047227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005188685,0.000006880117,5.2557507e-8,0.0037258007,0.000885803,0.00009687287,0.00001750944,0.000015471964,0.024258347,0.00019839988,0.9702067,0.0005363217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004383776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003643729,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97993594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029749452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029760652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402016824","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118061","title":"Remediation of seawater polluted by oil spills via integrating porous materials with phase-change materials","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Environmental remediation; Oil spill; Seawater; Environmental science; Porosity; Phase change; Waste management; Phase (matter); Porous medium; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Petroleum engineering; Contamination; Geology; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Oceanography; Engineering physics","score_opus":0.028416587027239818,"score_gpt":0.3101349406516543,"score_spread":0.2817183536244145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402016824","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9719244,0.00024927378,0.024060117,0.000643269,0.001368024,0.0003350974,0.00026099756,0.0004464424,0.0007123689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983445,0.000029301671,0.013060382,0.00009902118,0.00038454344,0.00018524646,0.001955485,0.000085662905,0.0007553836],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978311,0.00045544832,0.0006858039,0.00039301443,0.0003800339,0.0002545852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899364,0.000108118045,0.00028787527,0.00030831594,0.00024291479,0.000059117643],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012219542,0.00024204078,0.00032225592,0.00029214442,0.00006161093,0.00018040187,0.00015508976,0.00020012225,0.000555762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012281179,0.00019425811,0.000035280857,0.00041119292,0.000052707426,0.00059392024,0.00002549637,0.00009179796,0.00007966553],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000919888,0.00007020075,0.000024974017,0.0001674561,0.00005434166,0.0000061073797,0.0015644939,0.0000087380095,0.9474393,0.002948198,0.0003009011,0.047323275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068682205,0.00015111035,0.00025856902,0.00016575825,0.000061749044,0.000015600002,0.000076012,0.00059823564,0.99259216,0.0006841889,0.004475473,0.00023432763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011812941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046253423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047088947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014030533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033217177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7921616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402136786","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202412870","title":"All‐in‐One Hybrid Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporators for Cogeneration of Clean Water and Electricity","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cogeneration; Materials science; Electricity; Waste management; Clean water; Process engineering; Electricity generation; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.04648813641646055,"score_gpt":0.30094162270614405,"score_spread":0.2544534862896835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402136786","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9318758,0.00010290692,0.06538017,0.0002254516,0.0017015906,0.00039270008,0.0001340011,0.00009755677,0.00008979953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98938173,0.000032236876,0.009262917,0.00012321438,0.0003415093,0.0001718236,0.00047973602,0.00004147286,0.00016534395],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998514,0.0001478468,0.0005207935,0.00038974025,0.000181954,0.00024567076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994491,0.00012511625,0.000074222415,0.00015738413,0.00013973626,0.00005447836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058020477,0.00016944708,0.0002851581,0.0001943369,0.000052625823,0.00007435014,0.00007539,0.00009224042,0.00053296995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012780387,0.00014628534,0.000048594,0.00010681855,0.000046690773,0.00034645872,0.000034550343,0.00007532451,0.000032028034],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044293364,0.000040227103,0.00005634935,0.00010220752,0.00006311991,0.0000017460358,0.00011326149,0.001409661,0.980148,0.0065839863,0.000116998555,0.010921482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055407785,0.000120184275,0.0006505357,0.000032009608,0.00003210033,0.000008352207,0.000020461823,0.0005553492,0.9753209,0.010084147,0.012453698,0.00016820639],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044105993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017576878,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05750592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008149759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004234928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5965343},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402509795","doi":"10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100776","title":"Passive solar evaporation and emissions reduction of process-affected and produced water using buoyant photothermal beads","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination and Water Treatment","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; D2L (Canada)","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Evaporation; Photothermal therapy; Environmental science; Reduction (mathematics); Environmental engineering; Passive solar building design; Process (computing); Materials science; Waste management; Thermal; Meteorology; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.028998280652464632,"score_gpt":0.3163982592188067,"score_spread":0.2873999785663421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402509795","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973373,0.00027555512,0.0008408921,0.00077591225,0.00015433315,0.0004480855,0.000011447421,0.000098072,0.000058433223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972998,0.00008555072,0.0018730744,0.000011585752,0.00007113245,0.00008284562,0.00021419492,0.00003041802,0.00033141646],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988553,0.00016876661,0.00027511624,0.0003942357,0.00013571527,0.00017090164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995928,0.000018318779,0.000047544047,0.00013887996,0.00012714739,0.00007531346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020817647,0.00018880091,0.00018492359,0.00019569072,0.0001486629,0.00010481312,0.000025886491,0.000105017585,0.000038512688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014177817,0.00011017935,0.000028048473,0.00009671198,0.00007178244,0.000349229,0.000018524646,0.00005732323,0.0000034621378],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005163693,0.000106702304,0.0002379159,0.00013173731,0.0001079759,0.000005106938,0.009555511,0.00013805878,0.9608072,0.00046712873,0.0000045059596,0.028386544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006047788,0.00017054736,0.00092648127,0.000069805734,0.00014022265,0.00005876709,0.00026230974,0.009688113,0.9862393,0.001043504,0.00064539275,0.00015074988],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001945457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004813709,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028235795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010836745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002488353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44929835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402640583","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02045","title":"Unifying Efficiency Metrics for Solar Evaporation and Thermal Desalination","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Energy Letters","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Chevron; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Desalination; Evaporation; Environmental science; Thermal; Solar desalination; Process engineering; Low-temperature thermal desalination; Engineering physics; Materials science; Chemistry; Engineering; Meteorology; Physics","score_opus":0.02836930115234878,"score_gpt":0.2875182176149416,"score_spread":0.25914891646259286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402640583","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31547666,0.0009396061,0.6781332,0.0033699004,0.00080370746,0.00013322564,0.0000064157243,0.00031211646,0.00082518416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97711855,0.0000410056,0.020709913,0.0013650754,0.00028592747,0.00008011025,0.00010667049,0.000054341966,0.00023838665],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874496,0.00015766051,0.000264016,0.0003737799,0.00021335289,0.00024620656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918586,0.00039357934,0.00006390741,0.00022856127,0.00007254988,0.000055559845],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007041883,0.00016005187,0.00012904349,0.00037636494,0.00015168122,0.00020930667,0.00014361384,0.000110009445,0.000012658628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018680713,0.00015185958,0.000056902692,0.0005863107,0.000050169823,0.00035438643,0.00002913287,0.00009869282,0.000008203061],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024504614,0.000029146744,0.00016063079,0.00008413846,0.000082555685,0.000009914374,0.00089326827,0.013323979,0.6012544,0.22072281,0.00093629636,0.16247836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090162613,0.0001226757,0.0011711571,0.000068413494,0.00017493077,0.000023192584,0.00013030315,0.182351,0.54713225,0.0066468758,0.26048383,0.00079373753],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015086588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012823527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6616419,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008773587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028613911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61926544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402829982","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2024.156166","title":"When cellulose nanocrystals meet graphene oxide: Structurally enhanced aerogels for efficient solar steam generation and water purification","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"FPInnovations; University of British Columbia","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Graphene; Cellulose; Oxide; Nanocrystal; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.01475747844412304,"score_gpt":0.24115622596277528,"score_spread":0.22639874751865224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402829982","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5652364,0.00084516924,0.43282658,0.00018466529,0.0005745838,0.0001630217,0.0000070013775,0.00014227018,0.000020301775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86822456,0.0000296072,0.13082933,0.000026998327,0.0005731103,0.00005664595,0.00006874962,0.00007087775,0.000120124],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983256,0.000050782757,0.0005495857,0.00039677467,0.00026473126,0.0004125679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999231,0.00010651275,0.0000662134,0.00022969229,0.00015097631,0.00021564038],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006469746,0.00026549725,0.0002490611,0.00019230768,0.00009681975,0.00035731256,0.00019479482,0.0001907933,0.000072988565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014735617,0.0002076163,0.00014058879,0.00012162588,0.000034233763,0.00021636918,0.00003704593,0.0002996255,0.000007914397],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016753935,0.00001422743,0.0000011015936,0.0001039742,0.000073051924,0.000003638853,0.0005841719,0.02360938,0.969705,0.0016017087,0.00024343464,0.0040435516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035031943,0.000021588581,0.000010037908,0.000056253524,0.00004874457,0.00010202197,0.000014804315,0.10756972,0.8861799,0.0010898213,0.004307107,0.0002496466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000030946676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1725602e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30298814,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013773183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002980238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8466346},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402899178","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100731","title":"Water desalination using waste heat recovery of thermal power plant in tropical climate; optimization by AI","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management X","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Desalination; Low-temperature thermal desalination; Waste heat; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.011596935898537457,"score_gpt":0.2437565957152931,"score_spread":0.23215965981675563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402899178","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7005308,0.0008094133,0.284091,0.0014309061,0.0016836919,0.00032089444,0.000025442994,0.0002152666,0.010892567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99250185,0.00080706185,0.0052475138,0.0003571342,0.000027727063,0.00001166749,0.00019644869,0.000027755808,0.0008228283],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989441,0.00015705715,0.00027051236,0.0002740138,0.00016110652,0.00019321645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974,0.000028192677,0.000024650792,0.00014588,0.000021333348,0.000039965256],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021480878,0.00012452726,0.00013907775,0.0002728758,0.00004432495,0.000054422773,0.0000771901,0.00008686533,0.00030819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035169176,0.00010048415,0.00004160852,0.00014458533,0.00003053038,0.00025602168,0.00009055458,0.00006244888,0.000006229465],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00081453455,0.00033051896,0.001450132,0.0008480991,0.00035283572,0.0001275354,0.0015060335,0.6365226,0.17269176,0.16350321,0.0040094014,0.017843345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014816871,0.000115801275,0.000404899,0.00021904221,0.000086618784,0.0000062386275,0.00047767835,0.71182644,0.1875208,0.00034832951,0.09711945,0.00039303285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001471483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000050131066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29197106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068732516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000052156215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40976244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403117652","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103049","title":"Innovations and ongoing advancements of the wick type solar still: A review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Results in Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Solar still; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Biology","score_opus":0.053617381811036056,"score_gpt":0.3593259129295317,"score_spread":0.30570853111849566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403117652","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000026696905,0.99755734,0.0004358435,0.000038146252,0.0006983858,0.00052781,0.000040377792,0.00006259568,0.00063682965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000026796888,0.9930903,0.0063057607,0.000019061157,0.00006643779,0.00007056963,0.000051279905,0.00007278003,0.00029702508],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998082,0.000121051715,0.0010542006,0.00034484468,0.00019194432,0.00020600542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879915,0.00020327186,0.00025430252,0.00064116286,0.000070274895,0.00003182212],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00086031,0.0002888143,0.0008354037,0.0002787801,0.000018458244,0.000020606636,0.00031860272,0.0001506498,0.000007864096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014567769,0.00020441295,0.00011154774,0.0018784797,0.000022775675,0.00006930697,0.0001655312,0.0005354829,0.00001579472],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000208221,0.0000130633325,0.0000014855952,0.09183972,0.00011727971,0.0000037517593,0.00013645942,0.0010150528,0.000010023776,0.0016865367,0.00019608832,0.90497845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008828518,0.0000068164727,0.000006376874,0.07907593,0.00021966062,0.00000984214,0.0000025355318,0.00030696596,0.000009820208,0.000027155538,0.9200745,0.0001720781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020579819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000050443223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9198784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012597436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010067948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8335718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403184438","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400806","title":"Turning Trash to Treasure: The Influence of Carbon Waste Source on the Photothermal Behaviour of Plasmonic Titanium Carbide Interfaces","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemPhysChem","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Research Nova Scotia; Ocean Frontier Institute; Killam Trusts","keywords":"Char; Materials science; Pyrolytic carbon; Titanium carbide; Pyrolysis; Natural rubber; Chemical engineering; Tube furnace; Titanium; Carbide; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.020538036170865952,"score_gpt":0.2659884405485739,"score_spread":0.24545040437770796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403184438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99507105,0.00024535652,0.000044853965,0.0004304429,0.00015287139,0.00022178402,0.000009612464,0.00008340421,0.0037406222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99865276,0.0000064982905,0.00027460404,0.00010620357,0.00007728223,0.0000659675,0.000002152918,0.000056548506,0.00075800455],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851525,0.00019471649,0.00038545247,0.00031576905,0.0003447447,0.00024406922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984821,0.0005735186,0.00012969394,0.0006725492,0.00008469551,0.00005741285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006767111,0.00021718195,0.0002548787,0.00007706467,0.000048563783,0.000042947322,0.00057334127,0.00010324565,0.000052656414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002047864,0.00013254565,0.00012738447,0.00042369074,0.00012955688,0.000059590417,0.00007834189,0.0003409258,0.000022758426],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046249377,0.00003202674,0.00083172816,0.000055107354,0.00007742073,0.0000015955472,0.005275451,0.010626052,0.98114777,0.00053685304,0.00010632767,0.0012634346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000114764254,0.00006009631,0.0032960814,0.0002007681,0.000051125367,0.0000044809412,0.0009866984,0.0007960603,0.99297845,0.00006706194,0.0013036905,0.00014072235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005639303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024296876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011830697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006972451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006166714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5405055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403235207","doi":"10.1002/advs.202407771","title":"Bismuth‐Tin Core–Shell Particles From Liquid Metals: A Novel, Highly Efficient Photothermal Material that Combines Broadband Light Absorption with Effective Light‐to‐Heat Conversion","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Materials science; Absorption (acoustics); Bismuth; Tin; Liquid metal; Optoelectronics; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Photothermal effect; Tin oxide; Composite material; Doping; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.01693430972241981,"score_gpt":0.27504696399712164,"score_spread":0.2581126542747018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403235207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9793592,0.0002527216,0.01610673,0.0005250131,0.002023762,0.00080381066,0.0000553887,0.000428405,0.0004449399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824656,0.000012211479,0.016788488,0.00019740844,0.000119667275,0.00018117519,0.000019197132,0.000056043045,0.00016018115],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969171,0.00015069821,0.0003533485,0.0011658161,0.00078336685,0.0006296227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984808,0.00030574854,0.000098124285,0.00063750846,0.00018722481,0.00029059796],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008423387,0.00036773193,0.0003687895,0.00033680725,0.00033090482,0.00036386788,0.00056315644,0.000096816024,0.00018264733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012987659,0.0002734719,0.000078113044,0.0013642517,0.0003901006,0.0007412544,0.00015383825,0.00017289213,0.00035269032],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009348439,0.00011293568,0.00007810822,0.000027725066,0.000028896093,0.000016238746,0.001932506,0.00840677,0.9859588,0.0011029197,0.00002381818,0.0013764064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009516551,0.00051902543,0.0014360667,0.00021568178,0.000054230793,0.000014125007,0.0001967669,0.009776274,0.9779434,0.00021940688,0.008267007,0.00040632996],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036819442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002720744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008243189,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022867473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000102289065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997175},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403479960","doi":"10.1039/d4se01132e","title":"The role of ions in hydrovoltaic power generation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ion; Power (physics); Chemistry; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.008823503714736211,"score_gpt":0.25530005183806037,"score_spread":0.24647654812332415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403479960","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63228905,0.054729577,0.012985722,0.0023857155,0.0022014978,0.00065290945,0.000015053556,0.0007089854,0.2940315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96651334,0.00022846603,0.0006514748,0.00006660221,0.00018192142,0.00016513231,0.000028989874,0.000055746958,0.032108326],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979391,0.00032624858,0.0004985463,0.0003885698,0.00028135107,0.00056617154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987164,0.00029449788,0.00007709284,0.00063171773,0.00020401667,0.00007625669],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00097494305,0.00019725185,0.00020355478,0.000333071,0.00020006133,0.0001748901,0.00034927338,0.00015624614,0.00020868532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023701394,0.00015474022,0.00011521671,0.0010090185,0.00010551666,0.00031992633,0.00009929857,0.00019714865,0.000028089342],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015451096,0.00003937086,0.00012532441,0.00002182899,0.000041485462,0.000033286484,0.00073805725,0.0038803862,0.08223131,0.8952938,0.0006226805,0.016957067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013203738,0.00003979821,0.00015033997,0.0000141047485,0.000012967818,0.0000051142565,0.0024444745,0.0031635659,0.18426844,0.124951914,0.6846584,0.00015884433],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003471325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043980134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7703418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025015234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002544803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63101226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403524359","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118192","title":"Advances in carbon-based materials for solar-driven steam generation, desalination and water treatment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Waste management; Water treatment; Environmental science; Engineering; Water desalination; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.03307133926136784,"score_gpt":0.32289915827466925,"score_spread":0.2898278190133014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403524359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91086936,0.0012710096,0.08363777,0.0011350075,0.0011673411,0.0010838546,0.000050075174,0.00028637273,0.0004992358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98113245,0.00016675681,0.016490515,0.00006385129,0.00030643778,0.0007226012,0.0008561014,0.000051386858,0.00020991996],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846923,0.00026925933,0.00041465223,0.00042129075,0.0001960414,0.00022954724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936944,0.00015105304,0.000057365425,0.00018427592,0.00019222702,0.000045664197],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00080597564,0.00019356351,0.00019785446,0.00034466948,0.00007215783,0.00017186407,0.00006812338,0.00014908382,0.000029925224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010123457,0.00015450237,0.000040923856,0.00016106597,0.000030908188,0.0004924506,0.000009750403,0.000046420406,0.000010750667],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009079478,0.00013308166,0.0005401662,0.00021100184,0.000037541446,0.000006135585,0.0015902634,0.014502831,0.8178654,0.027323628,0.00003108902,0.13766807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088445324,0.00013541404,0.00039431243,0.000037848564,0.00003927131,0.0000024126075,0.00003207719,0.15413052,0.8132282,0.0036410568,0.02726896,0.00020551287],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015144583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00027289797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13962768,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040400022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058193982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63004243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403600202","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111225","title":"Refractory plasmonic material based floating solar still for simultaneous desalination and electricity generation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"iScience","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Research Nova Scotia; Killam Trusts; Ocean Frontier Institute; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Electricity; Refractory (planetary science); Nanotechnology; Desalination; Plasmon; Solar desalination; Engineering physics; Materials science; Environmental science; Engineering; Process engineering; Chemistry; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.03370722121183193,"score_gpt":0.3080434881899726,"score_spread":0.2743362669781407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403600202","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6513385,0.00023312846,0.3468993,0.00015041912,0.0008195446,0.00021351612,0.00002005853,0.00018266363,0.00014283687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92426,0.000008800242,0.07510385,0.00008461805,0.0002211257,0.000029835046,0.00003603997,0.000019010498,0.00023668507],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987998,0.00012665169,0.00022144463,0.00041388246,0.00020764009,0.00023057545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991151,0.0005059393,0.0000582192,0.00016391705,0.00010214275,0.000054696036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000895766,0.00011247939,0.00009609058,0.00013528067,0.0001838916,0.0003037358,0.00013228021,0.000086045424,0.00003085504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008861884,0.000104856816,0.000027942751,0.00030102168,0.000059669732,0.000332293,0.000017830464,0.00008463636,0.000011443446],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021314758,0.000017346227,0.000024501647,0.00003843789,0.0000042751412,0.0000038972316,0.00036400746,0.013805758,0.8916628,0.002877543,0.00006461305,0.09111552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000093022994,0.000058370053,0.000053864198,0.0000094008365,0.000008185229,0.0000036596728,0.000007870773,0.6009252,0.38915494,0.0006947015,0.008898091,0.000092648006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059789047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023778382,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58711946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001172957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010601775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42759368},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403711779","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2024.157095","title":"An orientational graphene/bamboo evaporator for efficient solar-powered steam generation and desalination","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Bamboo; Desalination; Evaporator; Graphene; Water desalination; Materials science; Process engineering; Solar desalination; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Membrane","score_opus":0.020987440945770947,"score_gpt":0.2910060847715272,"score_spread":0.27001864382575624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403711779","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36697248,0.000760922,0.63077986,0.000106625965,0.0010477824,0.00012591685,0.000014550212,0.00016660728,0.000025260257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83829,0.000024703317,0.16012087,0.00003623333,0.0012412351,0.000050979514,0.00014716739,0.00006266338,0.000026166283],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987223,0.00004411542,0.00039489334,0.0003093446,0.00027770476,0.00025163786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992253,0.00013381129,0.00006341032,0.00014765194,0.00020087967,0.00022892443],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006792603,0.0001843816,0.0001567207,0.00021435501,0.000108330416,0.0003234117,0.00012676783,0.00014195446,0.000038739607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023593042,0.00017764,0.00008769708,0.00023529159,0.000028381088,0.000274882,0.000014047398,0.00027453247,0.0000047652625],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002229887,0.00004500578,0.000025841171,0.000051357165,0.00005530404,0.0000046165437,0.0003699664,0.060877867,0.9150264,0.013811435,0.00022813767,0.0094817495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047166995,0.000050385108,0.000130077,0.000039479535,0.000033593646,0.00011861689,0.000028822096,0.6682312,0.3246828,0.0009136542,0.005076165,0.0002235446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001766567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.8544493e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6073533,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014374904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006772297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7243949},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403745986","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4997643","title":"Recycling Corncob to Generate Porous Carbon for Solar Thermal Evaporation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Corncob; Evaporation; Environmental science; Porosity; Thermal; Carbon fibers; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Waste management; Chemistry; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.028465647165503812,"score_gpt":0.3124604205936962,"score_spread":0.2839947734281924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403745986","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8939325,0.014307995,0.07559075,0.0035267174,0.007834327,0.0014813023,0.0000428198,0.00043105675,0.0028525027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9673834,0.0015578016,0.016846698,0.0003032034,0.0058419537,0.0003547794,0.00020457721,0.00037703913,0.00713056],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9942453,0.00058358227,0.0010505485,0.0009080674,0.00050784956,0.0027046786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979415,0.00012019033,0.00055412896,0.00073511456,0.0004342002,0.0002148766],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0065578143,0.0005775294,0.00060015154,0.0004909549,0.0002601022,0.0004671321,0.00076740584,0.00064376526,0.000025571571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003174375,0.00055267086,0.00035841682,0.00028456218,0.00002928461,0.00009083821,0.0003420856,0.00572038,0.00008339565],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013166117,0.00025788017,0.00032143487,0.00037234175,0.003743022,0.000058824393,0.0044110967,0.1988094,0.14502129,0.18919386,0.0011211411,0.4553731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007547492,0.00038579755,0.00006679461,0.00016058674,0.0004721541,0.0002910082,0.0004599513,0.011505285,0.022518964,0.9539868,0.008372889,0.0010249813],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005267203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009717278,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.764793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028766717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044747526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996925},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404523769","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2024.157824","title":"Bio-inspired magnetically induced self-assembling Janus solar evaporator with antifouling and antiscaling properties","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Janus; Biofouling; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Chemistry; Membrane","score_opus":0.01726261275200097,"score_gpt":0.23019881945733248,"score_spread":0.2129362067053315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404523769","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9361649,0.0024003976,0.05988959,0.00027915539,0.0004650137,0.0001028314,0.0000013447103,0.00059437513,0.00010239679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85462147,0.00006128485,0.14466242,0.000027137618,0.0005050081,0.000009241049,0.0000026961313,0.000093440394,0.000017278533],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99825704,0.000048433827,0.00047971838,0.00039429998,0.00034592525,0.0004745928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916697,0.00011312951,0.000062873136,0.00021108407,0.00012945668,0.00031650497],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00060095754,0.0003080836,0.00031390932,0.00023967466,0.00011455292,0.0006538562,0.00021646718,0.0002067851,0.000020904903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002400954,0.00023923648,0.00007648421,0.00041552272,0.000037605892,0.00034052413,0.0000633752,0.0008989153,0.000013375851],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025310514,0.000025331074,0.0002393941,0.00021468589,0.000120553086,0.00013978154,0.0004633026,0.0024610797,0.9909901,0.0002642907,0.000010530618,0.0050456515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045668628,0.00007433805,0.00021367945,0.00068547105,0.000095081254,0.0010932939,0.000050965937,0.2046905,0.79018754,0.000074480784,0.0019302231,0.00044776165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006463979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.7023794e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20222943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010003577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010416991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97557807},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404733985","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2024.157948","title":"Biomass-based photothermal fabrics and superhydrophobic aerogel for self-floating solar evaporators with high energy efficiency in fresh water production from seawater","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Seawater; Biomass (ecology); Aerogel; Photothermal therapy; Solar energy; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Chemical engineering; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.007352745214821625,"score_gpt":0.21187380384600393,"score_spread":0.2045210586311823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404733985","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8680029,0.00029843522,0.13070635,0.00017325861,0.00048807598,0.00010658518,0.00000663673,0.00021079242,0.000006976802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91841924,0.0000066199027,0.080863275,0.000028848539,0.0004886164,0.00003543547,0.000043492902,0.00009630484,0.000018159879],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840534,0.00004835526,0.0004088337,0.0004359243,0.00024599268,0.00045553292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940777,0.000119629985,0.00004147441,0.00019443803,0.00007952429,0.00015714433],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044701583,0.00027352932,0.00025427042,0.00025883617,0.00007129851,0.0002067723,0.0001560742,0.00017463243,0.000055137592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007177285,0.0001968884,0.000069994734,0.00027618068,0.00003717758,0.00022283722,0.000026869035,0.00037866549,0.0000037717252],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043273296,0.000047875157,0.00037355145,0.00009919918,0.000059954058,0.000027795157,0.00046504685,0.022351949,0.97602785,0.000060520968,0.000029757928,0.00041325134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061717175,0.00004354909,0.00006601326,0.00013114963,0.000037455975,0.00007458854,0.00001751118,0.10454998,0.8925963,0.00018174604,0.0014058193,0.0002787292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000150753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003181097,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08343154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056621786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8028876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404991963","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00882","title":"Photothermal Carbon Black Nanoparticle Coating Increases Scaling Resistance in Solar Membrane Distillation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS ES&T Water","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Division of Engineering Education and Centers; Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research; Science and Technology Development Fund; US-Egypt Joint Board on Scientific and Technological Cooperation","keywords":"Coating; Nanoparticle; Carbon black; Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Scaling; Carbon Nanoparticles; Distillation; Carbon fibers; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Chromatography","score_opus":0.018647683902138123,"score_gpt":0.26885023594920304,"score_spread":0.25020255204706493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404991963","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945931,0.00039737124,0.0002060572,0.00033001415,0.0002244286,0.00018138174,0.000006235039,0.0002690948,0.0037923467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962016,0.000013763403,0.002311871,0.00008764783,0.00016053068,0.000040052728,0.000041530322,0.00007238094,0.0010706556],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980087,0.000347454,0.00047461837,0.00045668954,0.00026176948,0.0004507195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992605,0.00018506145,0.00004438031,0.00038391154,0.00004873807,0.00007740355],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008588651,0.00020543206,0.00021880037,0.0001523634,0.000075636766,0.0001730706,0.00017174117,0.00012303413,0.00016886875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012908,0.00016415807,0.000054774908,0.0002873497,0.000078787896,0.00027019787,0.00006243463,0.00020015676,0.00017468225],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008820902,0.000041576022,0.0057023508,0.00013605975,0.000028872095,0.000052968164,0.0043222,0.0030779068,0.9833262,0.0016613455,0.000023232787,0.0015390744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003512384,0.000011733477,0.0031839914,0.00015789739,0.000025246783,0.000004215301,0.00009907951,0.015223026,0.9730526,0.0023117717,0.0053075314,0.00027167395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010479523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00049729145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01214512,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011913955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024123561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6694172},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405695403","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2024.158880","title":"High-performance biomass moisture-electric generators derived from Distillers’ spent grains: Synthesis, photothermal enhancement, and environmental sensing applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Moisture; Performance enhancement; Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Environmental science; Waste management; Process engineering; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Agronomy; Engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.007403847583096062,"score_gpt":0.20549795913655242,"score_spread":0.19809411155345635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405695403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7833127,0.0021239354,0.21396925,0.000054301847,0.0002780876,0.000097144795,0.000015779813,0.000117149866,0.000031697033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9382685,0.00033312794,0.060627192,0.000025577749,0.00058873603,0.000033027674,0.00004025109,0.0000643487,0.000019284655],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987144,0.00003631847,0.00035850043,0.00034373996,0.00021946561,0.00032758398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936724,0.00014703086,0.00006566328,0.00020791803,0.0000116015235,0.00020056347],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017973073,0.00025541926,0.00021890356,0.00013709928,0.00010732889,0.00017398119,0.00016305776,0.00012146492,0.00013158705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038714512,0.00024001066,0.00007117477,0.00019474984,0.000045021065,0.00014233703,0.00004431395,0.00039802113,0.000028259528],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008452949,0.000022274406,0.00005153519,0.000030128644,0.00012118688,0.000012491897,0.00011490616,0.0010793472,0.9715467,0.000059009944,0.000029689101,0.026924293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016520343,0.0000092279,0.0006563563,0.00006748261,0.000057405505,0.000100121826,0.000014799637,0.055620164,0.93933344,0.000068059984,0.0036416207,0.000266093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023246928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1222633e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1549558,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026497708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022369051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9787351},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405843469","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-82091-6","title":"High photothermal conversion efficiency of RF sputtered Ti4O7 Magneli phase thin films and its linear correlation with light absorption capacity","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Division of Materials Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Absorbance; Absorption (acoustics); Deposition (geology); Phase (matter); Sputtering; Thin film; Optoelectronics; Sputter deposition; Glazing; Optics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry","score_opus":0.01949238797572359,"score_gpt":0.2652610094157823,"score_spread":0.2457686214400587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405843469","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98774445,0.00025352728,0.005243768,0.0001647423,0.0050908956,0.00039091657,0.000015979376,0.00018909622,0.00090659637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882485,0.0000056088165,0.0073508546,0.00002075388,0.000051339757,0.000016206928,0.00013523026,0.000031291005,0.004140177],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99758303,0.00013460613,0.00060972536,0.00082635874,0.00060017995,0.00024608773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986433,0.0000670798,0.00032613872,0.00060243247,0.00024475795,0.00011629491],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017844266,0.00019593828,0.00023211334,0.00031842242,0.00019221172,0.00018602362,0.00010989719,0.00014033927,0.0008746224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012088535,0.00015787146,0.00006584246,0.0006831964,0.00020417741,0.00043199526,0.000040687406,0.00017993173,0.000052010077],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009229328,0.00018700684,0.00033865075,0.00021153614,0.00003607454,0.00017816278,0.0028840438,0.0033739908,0.98861647,0.0008955637,0.0019392122,0.0012470093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059133867,0.00014069767,0.00050480565,0.00015080329,0.00007081859,0.00027498853,0.00010438896,0.08456455,0.89907444,0.00087266567,0.01338572,0.00026477818],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016769789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009738051,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08954201,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049078844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009587113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9576502},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406062921","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113399","title":"Solar-driven MXene-based DES nanofluid coupled with high-reflectivity PVDF/PMMA film for efficient atmospheric water harvesting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nanofluid; Reflectivity; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Nanoparticle; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Optics; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.01292349405492257,"score_gpt":0.24111555613356325,"score_spread":0.22819206207864068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406062921","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6497219,0.00017536357,0.34790283,0.00011217533,0.0009895726,0.00044438045,0.00007158639,0.00026598407,0.00031618195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9057187,0.00007908925,0.09037118,0.00043359632,0.00021990555,0.0004052771,0.000247533,0.00016973738,0.0023550247],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956781,0.00081172585,0.0008557266,0.0011528351,0.0003685425,0.0011330541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99787265,0.00038129505,0.00026834515,0.0008690326,0.00036458418,0.00024409103],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001403251,0.0007298584,0.00097522873,0.00012857857,0.0009562129,0.00064833445,0.00045170463,0.00044714395,0.00032142244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011335,0.00055406976,0.00017291622,0.00037423664,0.00031683137,0.0002689912,0.0001841569,0.00018361896,0.000022082299],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00073211425,0.0002194061,0.00026624266,0.00033209624,0.00025311793,0.000015153362,0.00026072827,0.077445515,0.9168214,0.0017372638,0.00008857311,0.0018283683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002517537,0.00028901818,0.00050544366,0.00016798484,0.00020130658,0.0000065169615,0.000056404508,0.048458286,0.92884207,0.0010926394,0.017149113,0.0007136584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038176884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039937114,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25753167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018209028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019412822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99969107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406069441","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131441","title":"An arch-bridge photothermal fabric from hydrophobic warp hair and hydrophilic weft grooved cellulose fiber for efficient waster evaporation and solar seawater desalination","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separation and Purification Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Desalination; Evaporation; Solar desalination; Materials science; Cellulose; Photothermal therapy; Evaporator; Seawater; Bridge (graph theory); Fiber; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Membrane","score_opus":0.015991688547326036,"score_gpt":0.305008678062682,"score_spread":0.289016989515356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406069441","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92149776,0.0006455989,0.0735617,0.0023173583,0.00017014118,0.0010847226,0.000034341847,0.0003315437,0.0003568552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988142,0.00008451103,0.009204562,0.00024319458,0.00006409892,0.00042379508,0.00062835397,0.000040152172,0.0011693296],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978154,0.0002851602,0.0005875443,0.000853133,0.00016145175,0.00029731533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987165,0.00013418721,0.00024656573,0.0005853056,0.0002202508,0.00009722244],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005651832,0.00030069528,0.0003128947,0.0006906739,0.0003185085,0.00016202989,0.00017991304,0.00048618525,0.000058151392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000080825186,0.00029978054,0.00004197168,0.00045429706,0.00027821245,0.00031323044,0.00004894523,0.00020888039,0.000027120695],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003287253,0.00027449496,0.002595658,0.00011144168,0.000096806274,0.0000014243197,0.0019854137,0.0009021639,0.86530775,0.035435993,0.00022421194,0.092735946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00262216,0.00029667554,0.023427635,0.000041441934,0.00014551554,0.000015497815,0.00025555145,0.2923474,0.61721796,0.02810353,0.03490613,0.00062051346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020193735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000056776877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29144523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007506192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005042629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406133354","doi":"10.1016/j.apcatb.2025.125037","title":"Interfacial engineering of defects-enriched RuO2-Co3O4-x/Cobalt Foam heterojunctions with modulated Ru-O-Co electronic bridges for long-term efficient sulfur removal and direct alkaline seawater hydrogen production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Catalysis B: Environmental","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada)","funders":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen City","keywords":"Cobalt; Seawater; Sulfur; Heterojunction; Materials science; Hydrogen production; Chemical engineering; Hydrogen; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Engineering; Geology; Optoelectronics; Oceanography; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.005657309644444488,"score_gpt":0.2228653021703968,"score_spread":0.2172079925259523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406133354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790683,0.00022022257,0.019326892,0.00004397043,0.00012172609,0.00086860586,0.00002942835,0.00013873258,0.00018214676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965916,0.000034871653,0.0014567369,0.00002316296,0.00008307468,0.00036457588,0.00094362965,0.000072634706,0.0004297088],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977783,0.000067324436,0.00052534137,0.00083506556,0.00028576446,0.0005082242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999019,0.00006583529,0.00019005824,0.00061790895,0.000018339493,0.00008880887],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039363455,0.0003959206,0.0005091996,0.00033054381,0.00016896082,0.000036594396,0.00020539995,0.00015044089,0.000033305932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002274612,0.00037395686,0.00015324021,0.0003462639,0.00015710042,0.000094506875,0.00009600961,0.00018892117,0.00001521987],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037687816,0.00028659945,0.004467942,0.00007443348,0.00067613844,0.000002002328,0.00028106032,0.06414285,0.92683244,0.00018610818,0.000011175053,0.0026623455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013678238,0.00011474118,0.015768759,0.000019449231,0.00057103916,0.000029864132,0.00008278083,0.0049589775,0.97595304,0.000050024737,0.0006888754,0.00039463656],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000071752096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003701455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.059183877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044607004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002806707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406327963","doi":"10.3390/app15020664","title":"Development and Validation of a Capacitor–Current Circuit Model for Evaporation-Induced Electricity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Electricity; Transient (computer programming); Renewable energy; Capacitor; Current (fluid); Evaporation; Grid; Computer science; Materials science; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Voltage; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.11023624089060069,"score_gpt":0.34254222174432397,"score_spread":0.23230598085372328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406327963","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6327808,0.000047835063,0.3630989,0.000055951696,0.00013470028,0.00031675087,0.0000018122897,0.0000317694,0.0035315056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.943055,0.0000027895612,0.056645975,0.000031811647,0.000016539996,0.00017096082,0.000008301859,0.0000037012715,0.00006494588],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990068,0.000029990013,0.00029373606,0.00029696058,0.00021409456,0.00015839812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948907,0.0001310076,0.00012647141,0.0001283866,0.00009431713,0.000030752715],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010467783,0.00008913927,0.0001314422,0.00018212532,0.00023563187,0.000047212896,0.0001820496,0.000048273425,0.0000032709006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009276632,0.000080800906,0.000018584082,0.0005217186,0.000084240506,0.00009730505,0.000021919313,0.00004865105,0.0000016717048],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001393433,0.00005331524,0.0003092846,0.000052644482,0.000015456591,1.31973055e-8,0.0025076093,0.0030325777,0.35226113,0.5065579,0.00006498009,0.13513115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002566114,0.0000128592355,0.00047855685,0.000010260947,0.000013227611,1.4005522e-7,0.00015114785,0.057231937,0.8811177,0.059415635,0.0011925035,0.00011939849],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015484777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013756803,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5288566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047106623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029275077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32949653},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406515414","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c17702","title":"Biomimetic Confined Assembly of Plasmonic CuS from Electronic Waste for Rapid Photothermal Disinfection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Nano","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Plasmon; Photothermal effect; Photosensitizer; Charge carrier; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Water disinfection; Nanoparticle; Surface plasmon resonance; Photocatalysis; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Photochemistry; Catalysis","score_opus":0.012471344465257729,"score_gpt":0.2771579014678839,"score_spread":0.26468655700262617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406515414","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9720654,0.0005334257,0.02277177,0.00025073942,0.0006363547,0.00045585565,0.000037219685,0.00012024198,0.0031289957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994826,0.000049269467,0.0029091036,0.000103417144,0.000080542275,0.0001338989,0.00008900931,0.000036937647,0.001771823],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985294,0.00020158077,0.00042220703,0.0003542264,0.0001287774,0.00036380594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986292,0.00051115715,0.00018162094,0.00052246446,0.00011632744,0.000039222145],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038656706,0.00019157879,0.00032350916,0.00022226207,0.00008106167,0.00003159864,0.000255325,0.0001816364,0.00019500939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016125316,0.00017996324,0.00014544993,0.0004211275,0.000045789337,0.00009883907,0.000034349967,0.0001101486,0.00003422803],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023381942,0.00009041921,0.00024072782,0.000029205932,0.00025357405,2.8227478e-7,0.00009854722,0.00013602487,0.97252196,0.009018711,0.00037113106,0.017005596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016838132,0.0001452934,0.0011377248,0.000030494697,0.00012987177,8.4481013e-7,0.000036972157,0.0010405465,0.96587336,0.004649593,0.025110992,0.0001604765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062715024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006667873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024739861,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011933106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016442392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73386884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406564376","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.159554","title":"A Janus bio-based interfacial solar evaporator with wettability gradient for simultaneously efficient solar water evaporation and catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Degradation (telecommunications); Wastewater; Pollutant; Wetting; Evaporation; Evaporator; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Clean water; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Waste management; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.008580371905774563,"score_gpt":0.2313145080675509,"score_spread":0.22273413616177634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406564376","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8063679,0.000050303188,0.19290797,0.00020232725,0.0001707352,0.00025305318,0.0000116306355,0.000032008655,0.0000041134454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9790008,0.0000011975583,0.020838099,0.000020951324,0.000042736272,0.000020593065,0.000030386667,0.00002985442,0.00001534854],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99849397,0.00005709077,0.0006084354,0.0003005911,0.00020467502,0.0003352399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920744,0.00014915748,0.0001113098,0.00022526123,0.00019416345,0.00011266363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069135235,0.00022418058,0.0003225816,0.00028420353,0.00005858673,0.00006195776,0.00016038303,0.00014462226,0.000016052685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004494402,0.00016573133,0.000062036524,0.00027634154,0.000061016086,0.000120323646,0.000033392564,0.00029678116,0.0000013299589],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003420802,0.00011536377,0.000549331,0.00017009166,0.000044531724,0.0000060682087,0.00036312267,0.08834784,0.9081568,0.000029122293,0.0000026194634,0.0018730285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013404042,0.00007326839,0.00021158346,0.00012224114,0.000043897355,0.000026719352,0.000035627512,0.19424054,0.80353147,0.00007768462,0.00013845631,0.00015808275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001235967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000064804763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17263298,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002912511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009808423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67583275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406951240","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04882","title":"Efficient Double-Layer Evaporators with Adjustable Pores for Sustainable Solar Evaporation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"IONICS Mass Spectrometry (Canada)","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo; Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Education","keywords":"Evaporation; Layer (electronics); Materials science; Environmental science; Chemical engineering; Double layer (biology); Engineering physics; Nanotechnology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.021327883950883073,"score_gpt":0.30214964289320123,"score_spread":0.28082175894231814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406951240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6291494,0.0012599692,0.2243869,0.003027017,0.0007554028,0.0036411423,0.00003957778,0.001198535,0.1365421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94452614,0.000002355551,0.01299492,0.00034227193,0.00013793157,0.000503084,0.00018490384,0.000057610807,0.04125078],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984109,0.00010316339,0.0003092311,0.0004324909,0.00023566419,0.0005085795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986792,0.00009969261,0.00013395847,0.000493863,0.00052245776,0.00007081087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070216716,0.00021988165,0.000257589,0.00025583289,0.0003072681,0.00014293905,0.00024242002,0.00015192691,0.000115150695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000082834435,0.00017971337,0.000070457354,0.00073755597,0.000053729822,0.00014768966,0.000052413467,0.00012871517,0.0000391845],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020536329,0.0004414047,0.0055686124,0.0007961872,0.00031689275,0.000043611366,0.0021317715,0.069282606,0.008614308,0.8691245,0.03740045,0.004226026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005837796,0.00021723681,0.004129838,0.00006857081,0.00021792576,0.000006623054,0.0038498065,0.013450066,0.19069129,0.00864227,0.77216816,0.0007204431],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005098882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007088234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8604822,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016998833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018181997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7328499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407204489","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.160348","title":"Enhanced interfacial evaporation with wind-driven rotating sailboat-style evaporators","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Research (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Evaporation; Mechanics; Environmental science; Materials science; Marine engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.008568635527687777,"score_gpt":0.24958662559164102,"score_spread":0.24101799006395325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407204489","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4615082,0.00006899521,0.53618234,0.00014186642,0.00048074618,0.00009965016,0.0000016135801,0.00017420766,0.0013423619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90778095,0.0000033304852,0.09157064,0.000059959166,0.0003265125,0.000013518813,0.00001214026,0.000039626535,0.00019333285],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986106,0.00005535294,0.0004705476,0.0002674644,0.0002647479,0.0003312522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915236,0.0001089958,0.0001582491,0.00022923973,0.00019964103,0.00015149493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003371985,0.00023276643,0.00026406886,0.00019919279,0.00009654727,0.0001447139,0.00027498344,0.00015160852,0.00012694314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046663848,0.00020844539,0.00008077866,0.00046762938,0.000039099235,0.0002591154,0.000045914832,0.0006658662,0.000023131788],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000081958,0.000036613503,0.00027738538,0.000039251987,0.000111554145,0.000009744647,0.0005707213,0.0860429,0.9012306,0.0016444377,0.00016286522,0.009791981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00106653,0.000049564398,0.0003983958,0.0002622888,0.000047499885,0.000048405047,0.0000868973,0.043221436,0.95085675,0.00030885043,0.0033143226,0.00033907284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000050479925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.671647e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4462727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020078223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010053945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85001564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407230622","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.115588","title":"Wind-enhanced interfacial evaporation from simulated and real slurry wastes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of environmental chemical engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Research (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Slurry; Evaporation; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Composite material; Meteorology; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.005635813607425272,"score_gpt":0.22452911253833735,"score_spread":0.21889329893091208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407230622","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99119043,0.00023548566,0.007868388,0.000066611356,0.0002536361,0.000045164285,0.000006159689,0.000023718481,0.00031042256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917907,0.00004475299,0.007902184,0.000027366146,0.00014891854,7.3202045e-7,0.00001286572,0.000016852213,0.000055596513],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991152,0.000026481674,0.00042995036,0.00014228294,0.00015777753,0.00012827865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995455,0.00012612596,0.00012562795,0.00011456477,0.0000094789575,0.000078673205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001283456,0.00013722056,0.00022098345,0.00008749153,0.000023345052,0.000026965761,0.00011936719,0.000119348384,0.000111394336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000928055,0.0001333406,0.00006120538,0.00007426801,0.00003431,0.0001867286,0.000056941844,0.00025359972,0.000004665927],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068968264,0.000033240547,0.00041733324,0.0000078663,0.00006520025,0.0000035147693,0.00018192007,0.021928167,0.97326964,0.00005420718,0.000008286336,0.003961663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007929275,0.00003107118,0.009394948,0.000055289172,0.000045921068,0.000005783934,0.00007089496,0.0125669865,0.97590786,0.00036339537,0.00062482106,0.00014007729],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013476908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.7009422e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0093611805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015638988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008541086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5437471},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408063750","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c08494","title":"Fast Kinetics Biosourced Carbon-Based Sorbents for Atmospheric Water Harvesting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Kinetics; Carbon fibers; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Astrobiology; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.00584418960863299,"score_gpt":0.22536121564675426,"score_spread":0.2195170260381213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408063750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81505924,0.00027339743,0.17314298,0.00042051036,0.00029207478,0.0005500758,0.0000055964133,0.0008400409,0.009416083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93136185,0.0000018416221,0.042638503,0.00006937183,0.00015389593,0.000290764,0.00009700807,0.000108083295,0.025278706],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99799275,0.000021511309,0.00041721086,0.00047208738,0.00016110549,0.0009353056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987196,0.0001906441,0.0000659292,0.0005966409,0.00030448378,0.00012272572],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029960962,0.00035060992,0.00029901834,0.000037704634,0.0001268228,0.00013530838,0.00040217562,0.00023055555,0.000051809453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006818729,0.00035196572,0.00010685342,0.0004251481,0.000033613494,0.000088578374,0.00011743797,0.00022300876,0.000002526867],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018079636,0.000034485973,0.00018962428,0.0010827057,0.000055563974,0.0000116280125,0.00012622135,0.34561452,0.6517943,0.00032386993,0.00004004598,0.0007089601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073329086,0.000011332735,0.000069718284,0.000045817997,0.00004904989,0.0000021262533,0.00035763282,0.0840593,0.86462754,0.00016844049,0.049533416,0.0003423581],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013574008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.1459268e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26155522,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039799168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008301556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408535536","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142060","title":"Construction of cellulose-based dual-gradient heterogeneous bilayer membranes with optimized directional moisture transport property for enhancing moisture-electricity generation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Moisture; Membrane; Bilayer; Dual (grammatical number); Cellulose; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering; Biochemistry","score_opus":0.023298036874233746,"score_gpt":0.27585731769829996,"score_spread":0.2525592808240662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408535536","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5595024,0.0003362789,0.4378215,0.00078117294,0.00083275477,0.00029329976,0.000041628744,0.00003426623,0.00035665973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8677657,0.00006027818,0.13146737,0.00021018693,0.00022569911,0.000040291896,0.00009472941,0.0000145555205,0.00012114374],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997876,0.00027699623,0.00090547366,0.0003202409,0.0004244227,0.00019690557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755174,0.000257648,0.00064216356,0.00013523437,0.001342058,0.00007113403],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056114676,0.00023875856,0.0004352264,0.0003278987,0.00008320291,0.000043750468,0.00031063895,0.00020270453,0.00006536529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027134767,0.00014066407,0.00030192794,0.00023893916,0.00017671892,0.00009174642,0.000017077278,0.00021671824,6.9803576e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0031122686,0.00040805503,0.0024381813,0.000042676184,0.00068817375,0.000050177845,0.00007627088,0.03475987,0.9491493,0.0032629124,0.00003552068,0.0059766006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022128823,0.0005044865,0.0017906424,0.00008905011,0.000099657605,0.0002446602,0.00003125752,0.0041225594,0.9866083,0.001585746,0.0025095795,0.00020114444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009497521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006991216,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3082633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001701739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001812667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57361144},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409338629","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-k4v52","title":"Optimizing mixtures of metal–organic frameworks for robust and bespoke passive atmospheric water harvesting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Bespoke; Metal-organic framework; Environmental science; Process engineering; Business; Chemistry; Engineering; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.029010052178255977,"score_gpt":0.28053407950931436,"score_spread":0.2515240273310584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409338629","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2343677,0.0051136925,0.7513326,0.0009832077,0.002436194,0.0015087764,0.000034766657,0.00043576706,0.003787305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.115766734,0.00016851362,0.8788334,0.0002202717,0.0003135629,0.0003986381,0.00019945193,0.00011986447,0.0039795223],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974461,0.00019436487,0.0007572288,0.0009237466,0.00020080317,0.0004777345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99753773,0.0006139919,0.0004092276,0.0009857304,0.0003356241,0.00011768615],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062046945,0.0005163518,0.00088037795,0.00006362902,0.0001378194,0.00013781922,0.00057990546,0.0013641062,0.00020461869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007054817,0.00043892287,0.00029078402,0.00019069135,0.00014932438,0.00010698463,0.00075144693,0.0011718842,0.0000050403664],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039790318,0.00041725428,0.0011884468,0.008516771,0.003765195,0.000026789307,0.014499144,0.21332636,0.6637104,0.00408179,0.0013335675,0.088736355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006159103,0.000032910164,0.00014798022,0.00058574986,0.00051108375,0.0000055279543,0.00019452047,0.013202216,0.9675656,0.009519173,0.0069199693,0.00069934165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014564487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010612535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3038552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008854875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009121081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409453500","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25506","title":"A non‐noble metal plasmonic photothermal nanoparticle floating device for efficient interface water evaporation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Noble metal; Materials science; Evaporation; Nanoparticle; Plasmon; Nanotechnology; Interface (matter); Metal; Chemical engineering; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Metallurgy; Wetting; Engineering","score_opus":0.01626644006862748,"score_gpt":0.2493132093559439,"score_spread":0.2330467692873164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409453500","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98921746,0.00040138737,0.008954024,0.0006271561,0.0005597554,0.00011990377,0.0000039639895,0.000029640745,0.000086691514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995315,2.4218852e-7,0.0043307985,0.000037303078,0.00020259147,0.000010170206,0.0000026424036,0.000041794352,0.000059472404],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900407,0.000023911476,0.0003701582,0.00011786,0.00014028883,0.00034371705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936455,0.0001317491,0.000047651218,0.00013691459,0.000096302014,0.00022280001],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008116126,0.00012634658,0.00015801002,0.000118361015,0.000068078894,0.00014677181,0.00024023654,0.00006674403,0.00010198545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012542467,0.00008446509,0.00011223214,0.00015148801,0.000028592118,0.00011557203,0.000012382541,0.0002684092,0.00002322181],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000982421,0.000002885479,0.0000024663757,0.00003250274,0.00004880181,0.0000061366813,0.0011707682,0.24478273,0.7531848,0.00025071108,0.000032690674,0.0004756935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014002623,0.000016132677,0.0000034298714,0.00004888974,0.00003524696,0.000053523596,0.000020482943,0.30340293,0.693156,0.00006950419,0.0029743908,0.00007945411],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006338771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010829974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060028784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026925624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018151883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34443864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409546009","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123622","title":"Janus structured cellulose-based aerogel with vertical channels and conical roof for efficient solar-driven water evaporation and pollutant degradation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carbohydrate Polymers","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Degradation (telecommunications); Aerogel; Conical surface; Evaporation; Cellulose; Pollutant; Solar still; Materials science; Environmental science; Roof; Environmental engineering; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Desalination; Engineering; Civil engineering; Meteorology; Physics; Electronic engineering","score_opus":0.014807951362530436,"score_gpt":0.2561675760204514,"score_spread":0.241359624657921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409546009","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9367318,0.0003385085,0.05992712,0.0015431617,0.00042583057,0.00070257566,0.000028532375,0.000102395745,0.00020005669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956247,0.000003888868,0.0034803336,0.00032073786,0.000051646097,0.000120164616,0.00016492767,0.0000401208,0.00019343464],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817705,0.00021992158,0.00038195547,0.0005725516,0.00021307573,0.00043546213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991537,0.00015864012,0.00006433686,0.0003291038,0.00011566508,0.00017855578],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028074093,0.000288726,0.00032530085,0.00022200042,0.00019297648,0.00014911457,0.00012128374,0.00021637545,0.000026855902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000687031,0.00021441466,0.00005846626,0.00023389989,0.00025216324,0.000098352975,0.000041305706,0.00015360212,0.0000025132279],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010237925,0.000089551366,0.0009430091,0.00011893639,0.00020434397,0.0000089587365,0.00088644086,0.013653186,0.9651419,0.00943657,0.00002279269,0.008470532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022179636,0.00014724894,0.00084966776,0.00003429349,0.00017153024,0.0000037874515,0.00010248042,0.19168086,0.8036152,0.0004115563,0.00048340327,0.00028197264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013889917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000047814312,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17802767,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009941129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011934171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87435764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409869162","doi":"10.18280/jesa.580305","title":"Energy Consumption of Wind Turbines Mounted on Evaporative Condenser for Energy Efficiency Improvement","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Condenser (optics); Wind power; Evaporative cooler; Environmental science; Energy consumption; Efficient energy use; Energy (signal processing); Meteorology; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.026562072550857834,"score_gpt":0.3110971582047028,"score_spread":0.28453508565384494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409869162","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6344244,0.0022882642,0.3476065,0.00052733615,0.0027555162,0.0006508366,0.00012288392,0.00036452565,0.01125974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98244876,0.00016296364,0.009455257,0.00043278042,0.0001713643,0.00005953636,0.000039786646,0.00006562174,0.007163921],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966421,0.00067817874,0.0012942981,0.0004323355,0.00050102285,0.00045205146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969104,0.0006320729,0.0009634354,0.00049017,0.0008628001,0.00014114937],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009204481,0.00038378433,0.0006171148,0.00064180465,0.00034372543,0.0001625057,0.00045043306,0.00018493248,0.0002883389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045884802,0.00032150562,0.00026907356,0.0005144771,0.00023956617,0.00024776327,0.00007120536,0.00020332803,0.00001571013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006507665,0.0006467292,0.0009923893,0.0005151918,0.0009318059,0.000031060797,0.0010552572,0.013565648,0.23987128,0.24999884,0.0050218706,0.48671916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0073975283,0.002242123,0.07343096,0.001698829,0.00050766155,0.0002242698,0.0005794976,0.13982263,0.64248365,0.088097125,0.042273227,0.001242508],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025118634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004445232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48547664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000384197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022191179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999237},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409877968","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115731","title":"Solar-assisted desalination based on photothermal conversion effect: A review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Desalination; Materials science; Environmental science; Process engineering; Solar desalination; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Chemistry; Engineering","score_opus":0.02537368085096915,"score_gpt":0.32254826970282124,"score_spread":0.2971745888518521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409877968","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[9.7494755e-8,0.96654105,0.003397568,0.00008242236,0.0003035441,0.002725168,0.000014011029,0.00019888201,0.026737284],"genre_scores_gemma":[7.474763e-7,0.9290943,0.0011089448,0.0015240615,0.0001533078,0.0026075612,0.0008834089,0.00015184873,0.0644758],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9892489,0.00564259,0.0020062497,0.0014735748,0.0005034739,0.0011252519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947922,0.0014184942,0.0012711358,0.0018724937,0.00032843574,0.00031721086],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0053599905,0.0013609866,0.005272067,0.0009017445,0.0004996107,0.00019458689,0.0007414275,0.00088923215,0.00045692056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017999437,0.0010300573,0.0012832718,0.002213696,0.000099145225,0.00025487554,0.00022525583,0.00053242175,0.00007094193],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002248862,0.00007438175,6.9639344e-7,0.26377407,0.00007891932,0.000045269375,0.0000045486468,0.000047710924,0.0000013869778,0.0016046547,0.0083789,0.725967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005282489,0.00018344352,2.6090387e-7,0.11515472,0.0017487304,0.000022508268,0.0000065047147,0.00016319318,0.00007045532,0.000104593695,0.88121146,0.00080588873],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014690018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026465217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87283254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072713406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008867218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999141},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409963894","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202506427","title":"Ambient‐Dried MOF/Cellulose‐Based Aerogels for Atmospheric Water Harvesting and Sustainable Water Management in Agriculture","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Cellulose; Agriculture; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.012560151532869716,"score_gpt":0.2555282254860346,"score_spread":0.2429680739531649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409963894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93569946,0.00011089134,0.056926336,0.000871603,0.0013926825,0.0015873429,0.000019919058,0.00022583324,0.003165904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8815911,0.000008904388,0.06790849,0.00067062397,0.000107633445,0.0015551492,0.0006468493,0.000049766608,0.047461502],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99767536,0.00019432718,0.00056461815,0.00060999807,0.00018140234,0.000774315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992492,0.00011530418,0.00007609176,0.00029799892,0.00019665391,0.000064717315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008100536,0.00029300514,0.00035044167,0.00008258875,0.0002472358,0.00017785172,0.00014861488,0.00014624541,0.0004646237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006743543,0.00020235796,0.00005902836,0.00022274848,0.000053353622,0.00037254655,0.00015111886,0.00008267475,0.000040091032],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006158185,0.00009871761,0.00018094532,0.00045312228,0.00008419547,0.000014936783,0.00013618592,0.014547741,0.9441442,0.037868015,0.00035161184,0.0015045288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021454475,0.000041213076,0.0019984378,0.000048666527,0.000044996636,0.0000022020715,0.000329763,0.00012336358,0.9085457,0.018852165,0.06759009,0.00027800427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011096565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000109558605,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06723848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017932257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001753725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8251918},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409974934","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-88942-4_5","title":"Solar Ponds","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Synthesis lectures on renewable energy technologies","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.016149489319393976,"score_gpt":0.2410569524736094,"score_spread":0.22490746315421542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409974934","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000034722445,0.0048804074,0.013611119,0.001792858,0.000851644,0.00020842369,0.00008623951,0.0061227195,0.9724431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008039527,0.003499703,0.014825385,0.00069486833,0.0002083369,0.00046772487,0.00011222401,0.00034387567,0.9718084],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954927,0.00017302326,0.00092329876,0.0017346015,0.0007494435,0.0009269251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940421,0.0016402926,0.0005781585,0.0034336764,0.00021294883,0.000092809336],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044267514,0.0013853875,0.001435168,0.0022031146,0.00040624064,0.00019619276,0.0023015365,0.0034613623,0.0014249978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021537447,0.0012333468,0.00063185877,0.00034875047,0.00051247375,0.000101862104,0.0005242418,0.0010655955,0.00016077663],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000093779825,0.000043075037,0.0000022616812,0.00007443224,0.00057287724,0.000054083215,0.0000132455125,0.005085718,0.0011416484,0.5335445,0.05903858,0.40033582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000086238164,0.00005511199,7.8004314e-7,0.00029845425,0.00012120946,0.0000067965966,0.000021435593,0.000051517156,0.22873318,0.24213257,0.5278291,0.0006635812],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012746757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010050001,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46879053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004572053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028339284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998897},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410510149","doi":"10.5539/apr.v17n1p211","title":"Optimizing Salt Production by Estimating Brine’s Daily Height From Seawater Evaporation at Djègbadji (Benin Republic)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Research","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Brine; Seawater; Environmental science; Evaporation; Oceanography; Geology; Geography; Meteorology; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.06851488162325191,"score_gpt":0.37277303600032563,"score_spread":0.3042581543770737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410510149","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62129784,0.0004995902,0.25136164,0.006119111,0.0016953696,0.0029361818,0.00006986651,0.0011468942,0.11487353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8122937,0.000023316688,0.1694804,0.00016462349,0.0011252704,0.0007532591,0.0019499065,0.00012971919,0.014079805],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99586856,0.0006154443,0.000579097,0.0011567685,0.0010375166,0.00074263377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997395,0.00045810806,0.00016572121,0.0012955588,0.00054453034,0.00014110921],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021836322,0.0002965875,0.0003401794,0.00024057117,0.00074155367,0.00037078842,0.0005691654,0.00020944737,0.0001997431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028585916,0.00030094132,0.00007629418,0.0014413869,0.00019175018,0.0004290323,0.0004801236,0.0007899333,0.00040285554],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019537268,0.00020882626,0.00034565292,0.00007334038,0.0001611088,0.0000020716989,0.001956786,0.019768724,0.8111724,0.042500388,0.053159043,0.07045626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064392976,0.000021537016,0.00032400744,0.00004600888,0.000023932089,7.729273e-7,0.00014982896,0.029210255,0.8748255,0.059824336,0.034577295,0.00035260784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017652004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057001296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1909959,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000543674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016583991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994427},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410761457","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c03322","title":"Hybrid Nanofiber-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesters: Sunlight-Driven Operation in Low-Humidity and Low-Illumination Environments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Nano","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Northeast Forestry University; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Sunlight; Materials science; Nanofiber; Humidity; Relative humidity; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Environmental science; Composite material; Optics; Meteorology; Physics","score_opus":0.009911796686326404,"score_gpt":0.24718851317092838,"score_spread":0.23727671648460197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410761457","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99023324,0.000093667455,0.0076014213,0.0005146374,0.00036099987,0.00035780543,0.000006418995,0.000054554686,0.0007772556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98955846,0.00003197575,0.0062704566,0.00038726258,0.00003892456,0.00010551046,0.0001714205,0.00003114736,0.0034048734],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811566,0.00042055314,0.00043410092,0.00051243947,0.0001927525,0.00032450017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925935,0.00009470717,0.00007225192,0.00047771438,0.000030951236,0.000064999695],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044017006,0.00023284862,0.00024017913,0.000084142164,0.00013266412,0.00011927313,0.00021769901,0.0001428342,0.00014149318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042367275,0.00020449904,0.000044901608,0.00018232375,0.0000944568,0.00037920283,0.00008759081,0.00012221282,0.00015179133],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075496,0.00035649026,0.013025351,0.00012151597,0.00004915111,0.000013731968,0.0008765016,0.0064911842,0.96802974,0.00079095305,0.00019335235,0.009976558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013795005,0.000042557,0.02926439,0.00008670174,0.000027313492,0.000001965129,0.000040584808,0.0065454305,0.94539464,0.00037791906,0.016562693,0.00027633514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002308586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000076270655,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022635106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024222361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045579647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83392286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410794648","doi":"10.1002/eem2.70017","title":"Hydrovoltaic Energy Harvesting From Nut Shells","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & environment materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo; McMaster University","keywords":"Renewable energy; Generator (circuit theory); Electricity; Energy harvesting; Voltage; Electric power; Process engineering; Rectifier (neural networks); Electric generator; Electric potential energy; Electrical engineering; Environmental science; Electricity generation; Computer science; Materials science; Energy (signal processing); Power (physics); Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.010916404836705805,"score_gpt":0.22695234955143193,"score_spread":0.21603594471472612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410794648","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8885282,0.0013712331,0.054228526,0.00060023717,0.0036823382,0.00020469644,0.00017975114,0.0006404083,0.050564576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94471335,0.0004285185,0.020050697,0.0013686027,0.0006102335,0.00016001204,0.0006654112,0.00009708294,0.031906113],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99637324,0.00079907116,0.0009292825,0.000923524,0.00036968887,0.00060517935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980147,0.00029272313,0.0002977368,0.0012224175,0.000015396005,0.00015700987],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004891495,0.0004925501,0.00060044014,0.00021656994,0.0002064203,0.00021454119,0.00061450247,0.00031223247,0.012394642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008231865,0.0005013976,0.00012893221,0.00017858236,0.00014140738,0.00025788872,0.0002460198,0.00009836341,0.000462402],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050789575,0.0000977224,0.0003023398,0.00001037442,0.00015921965,0.000016119222,0.000086765576,0.0024576744,0.9342789,0.018728163,0.00086155406,0.04295036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000405037,0.000015369651,0.0033540735,0.00003532569,0.00005303006,0.0000013691676,0.000022693155,0.00008874497,0.65080845,0.0117339725,0.33316478,0.0003171265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013458922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009301474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33230323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019198951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039464045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99974376},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411048850","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119103","title":"Thermally driven reverse osmosis: thermodynamics of a novel process that uses heat for desalination and water purification","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Reverse osmosis; Desalination; Osmosis; Process (computing); Process engineering; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Membrane; Engineering; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.037292047081187996,"score_gpt":0.31676810476603373,"score_spread":0.27947605768484574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411048850","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64215827,0.00007522112,0.35402498,0.0012531662,0.00021358275,0.0008645234,0.00003107894,0.0001226917,0.001256482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9701028,0.000032481188,0.028493054,0.00016345644,0.000036512545,0.0003653519,0.00032645423,0.0000374215,0.00044246123],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985824,0.00015606455,0.00043830244,0.0003832691,0.00022871904,0.00021122085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986676,0.00018508657,0.00015989979,0.0003390417,0.00060987927,0.000038469738],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008251474,0.00019101854,0.00023075151,0.00031149143,0.00014010089,0.00006442255,0.00020702557,0.0002129262,0.000011111066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002325235,0.00016229057,0.00007116381,0.00026355367,0.00008077067,0.0004236111,0.000029289202,0.00009164414,0.0000024085602],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003253002,0.0004998847,0.0056967596,0.00065374124,0.00018947662,3.1888106e-7,0.005232667,0.011360018,0.77692616,0.17161751,0.000060361883,0.027437812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024743518,0.0000907158,0.030319054,0.00017173555,0.00020354244,0.0000035358062,0.0007008718,0.21338314,0.7294865,0.020358022,0.0024320392,0.00037646177],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008632992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000039979022,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32794452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010460219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000516994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6618017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411274028","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.164862","title":"Bioinspired anisotropic cellulose evaporator for high-efficiency solar interfacial desalination","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Desalination; Cellulose; Evaporator; Solar desalination; Materials science; Anisotropy; Solar still; Chemical engineering; Process engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.012039082724479937,"score_gpt":0.25823393946344186,"score_spread":0.24619485673896194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411274028","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21139964,0.00018319805,0.7864854,0.0002506551,0.0012808554,0.00012496434,0.0000052794894,0.00014629052,0.00012371347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8429183,0.000006293588,0.1562645,0.000060508894,0.00043068003,0.00003049599,0.000021368936,0.00003580648,0.0002320748],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873626,0.000035758283,0.00047730174,0.00024311367,0.00017449696,0.0003330392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921936,0.00013202413,0.00010897993,0.00020386068,0.00020648014,0.0001292748],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038114577,0.00019514977,0.00023208452,0.00022657584,0.00008835269,0.0001165332,0.00032334984,0.00018868603,0.000045197172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00081491884,0.00019182493,0.00012220663,0.00033626257,0.00003182522,0.00014320774,0.0000422547,0.00034616652,0.00001251547],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004806494,0.00007919719,0.00006339303,0.00006571803,0.000050046114,0.0000036680344,0.000108708635,0.005525317,0.9689755,0.017014373,0.0004944038,0.0075715967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010375219,0.000041385432,0.00016434069,0.00006150877,0.000040610805,0.000014581578,0.0000109106095,0.04041924,0.9451008,0.0018571244,0.011039068,0.00021292483],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004850293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4057639e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6315186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024555958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008601348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7822394},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411327972","doi":"10.1002/adma.202502134","title":"Janus Cellular Design Drives Solar‐Powered Spatial Lithium Extraction and Water Co‐Generation from Salt‐Lake Brines","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Innovation and Technology Commission - Hong Kong; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Chemical engineering; Adsorption; Janus; Lithium (medication); Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.024674998318640555,"score_gpt":0.29843127685027354,"score_spread":0.273756278531633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411327972","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6391231,0.0002402536,0.35608625,0.0002947626,0.0029359083,0.00048348014,0.00007719477,0.00022514947,0.000533914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.908141,0.00016842311,0.08764794,0.00020392882,0.0006093892,0.0001772159,0.00092034164,0.00006171959,0.0020700512],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974252,0.0006289725,0.000665948,0.00066097535,0.00024040964,0.00037851467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884516,0.00015972913,0.0001837479,0.0005482828,0.0001788888,0.00008419591],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007364834,0.00033207654,0.0004434551,0.00015525369,0.00022493396,0.00027138492,0.00018100101,0.00023897139,0.0009291724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002108672,0.0002878764,0.000049504757,0.00009217756,0.00008075553,0.0005629691,0.0000683674,0.000106691026,0.00012526606],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002552807,0.000044020773,0.00011037606,0.000023822051,0.000059088667,0.0000065766367,0.00030746585,0.00056104595,0.9888111,0.00057465845,0.00020527843,0.009041283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009025073,0.000046815574,0.0025150941,0.000033533313,0.000057217156,0.0000031362404,0.00003317602,0.00014469834,0.9431079,0.008112108,0.044737726,0.00030609555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00069961924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021121035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26901793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006726801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039240724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999841},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411335315","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-44-313219-3.00143-x","title":"Solar ponds","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Geography","score_opus":0.021359892908507108,"score_gpt":0.2732377179092045,"score_spread":0.2518778250006974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411335315","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000036453234,0.001406726,0.00016204044,0.00015754579,0.0013888794,0.00042907964,0.00005264988,0.00038987029,0.9960096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00006899593,0.00008817882,0.008261642,0.0010177484,0.0005957642,0.000077194534,0.0001205729,0.0001894876,0.9895804],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972787,0.00013764936,0.00078767835,0.0008616791,0.00046640122,0.00046791334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99736756,0.0001892615,0.00032518592,0.0017223667,0.00020989057,0.00018572566],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005980639,0.0006882999,0.0008007295,0.00044798735,0.00016530289,0.00010458573,0.0007804245,0.0009297502,0.0021987734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000089414265,0.0006935989,0.0004675299,0.000031208914,0.00015292938,0.00005510399,0.00024704722,0.00094570196,0.0016953896],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015052582,0.000005854688,0.0000020581153,0.000076983335,0.00018817652,0.000026939551,0.00013438197,0.0000018847732,0.00016087445,0.1482316,0.0015086156,0.8496476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025778095,0.0000254116,0.0000073597475,0.00025849472,0.00017338796,0.000011444314,0.0000041939347,0.000011360893,0.00096601667,0.081446424,0.916241,0.0005971111],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000027070857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023132588,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9147324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018892893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024977323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99955153},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411922446","doi":"10.1002/adma.202413353","title":"Hierarchically MOF‐Based Porous Monolith Composites for Atmospheric Water Harvesting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Porosity; Monolith; Nanotechnology; Porous medium; Leverage (statistics); Sorption; Nanoscopic scale; Scalability; Process engineering; Composite material; Adsorption; Computer science; Catalysis","score_opus":0.03781265417410839,"score_gpt":0.35374928977521874,"score_spread":0.31593663560111035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411922446","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000120998906,0.95014125,0.04005882,0.00008919263,0.0026188185,0.0036796944,0.0006635241,0.0008611365,0.0017665393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000013372349,0.5015475,0.4885402,0.00020800016,0.00032777982,0.0027096083,0.002086749,0.00024757825,0.00431918],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99489003,0.00097254745,0.0017789807,0.0011293582,0.0003132681,0.00091581914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99621946,0.0014277876,0.0006400651,0.0012567425,0.00029623095,0.00015971132],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011225203,0.00093716406,0.002965756,0.00010245731,0.00024819342,0.00029429828,0.0008727344,0.0005500873,0.00034853854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00078675844,0.000690213,0.00044674383,0.000296098,0.00009433373,0.0002245271,0.00018893067,0.00025014408,0.00015091413],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000110951165,0.00008574008,3.9017354e-7,0.032282654,0.00022833467,0.000013881858,0.00004865206,0.0007313671,0.023024296,0.0023068269,0.00013190167,0.94103503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062682224,0.000077892044,7.8921624e-7,0.006153206,0.000535815,0.000011207686,0.0000029558685,0.000021856427,0.05442208,0.0026671744,0.93468255,0.0007976426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008594767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055950104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94023734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002820113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030484187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99955493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411923792","doi":"10.1002/admi.202500371","title":"Surface‐Engineered Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporation: Innovations and Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials Interfaces","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; University of Toronto; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Harvard University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Evaporation; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Surface (topology); Meteorology; Engineering","score_opus":0.039870720385643814,"score_gpt":0.3140118174347588,"score_spread":0.274141097049115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411923792","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97914577,0.002383837,0.00763795,0.00292255,0.00257653,0.00041101646,0.00005750323,0.00041702416,0.0044477982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731042,0.0010551995,0.024371376,0.00013148195,0.00008917039,0.00008041021,0.000058293757,0.000039180955,0.0010707147],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998114,0.00022543754,0.000666012,0.0005316516,0.00014991996,0.00031301306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988592,0.00015749037,0.000189529,0.0004960523,0.0002439815,0.000053734002],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042238797,0.0003123471,0.00042661675,0.00021615243,0.00015346917,0.00017564787,0.00031742477,0.00017985674,0.00035233836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029503836,0.00030798724,0.000027840628,0.0003147506,0.00012791199,0.00053992274,0.0001818608,0.00013882834,0.00007596117],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000116972136,0.000040901275,0.00004630826,0.00013206796,0.0000909402,0.0000016444063,0.00070579466,0.0019164479,0.9376247,0.041219074,0.00013426838,0.017970871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062954956,0.000067227695,0.00089501205,0.00012739244,0.000027150001,0.0000046652926,0.0004898694,0.00011302165,0.95262516,0.008132042,0.036598828,0.00029010064],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000041445197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005372435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036464557,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007074754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043728833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412028166","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.165638","title":"Bi-layered cellulose-based aerogel with photothermal and photocatalytic dual functions for integrated solar-driven desalination and Cr(VI) reduction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Aerogel; Desalination; Photocatalysis; Photothermal therapy; Solar desalination; Cellulose; Dual purpose; Reduction (mathematics); Materials science; Dual (grammatical number); Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Catalysis; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.012153009924372807,"score_gpt":0.2389826529742707,"score_spread":0.2268296430498979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412028166","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40652987,0.0001362357,0.59247833,0.00017238014,0.00024187587,0.00024581476,0.000008480854,0.00011250133,0.00007452472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8964678,0.0000070427723,0.10284602,0.000030080468,0.0001413049,0.00007465044,0.00005709793,0.00004496244,0.00033104428],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990066,0.000034366025,0.00031297497,0.00026868924,0.00013134211,0.0002459818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928445,0.0001411134,0.00009476078,0.00015105188,0.00018639374,0.00014222975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027027228,0.00020849459,0.0002130333,0.00029511336,0.0001144758,0.00013320579,0.000082439285,0.00016231305,0.000023909735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019879658,0.00018480948,0.000055248278,0.00029783943,0.00007161564,0.00016009089,0.00001663163,0.00038135555,0.000001425529],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026405,0.000057060457,0.00008800787,0.00009159853,0.00012007698,0.0000030968608,0.00016093192,0.020524343,0.9742638,0.00033463247,0.000153205,0.0039392104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019311397,0.00006968092,0.00019393326,0.0001308099,0.000098458986,0.00016629067,0.000075342665,0.24354625,0.75140345,0.00011289405,0.002057432,0.00021430555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000135092505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.504112e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48993793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014567436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000090860514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75363123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412488268","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0365","title":"Frosting on porous membranes in energy exchangers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Frost (temperature); Membrane; Heat exchanger; Relative humidity; Materials science; Mass transfer; Heat transfer; Moisture; Thermodynamics; Environmental science; Chemistry; Chromatography; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.02291097086554406,"score_gpt":0.26358122314846083,"score_spread":0.24067025228291677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412488268","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6830332,0.0004058079,0.2780317,0.02222202,0.00057133683,0.00040177186,0.000017445867,0.00031867984,0.0149979945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945546,0.000009872124,0.005094295,0.00013601764,0.00005450598,0.000030061141,2.7658112e-7,0.000008553406,0.000111851674],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989377,0.000056239154,0.00025047685,0.00026174675,0.00026826392,0.00022557074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989424,0.00075817615,0.000037868074,0.0001864867,0.000019741998,0.000055360983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003149029,0.00015186968,0.00026858004,0.00005230282,0.00017058726,0.000029294377,0.0003001741,0.00008262374,0.000017701179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012699614,0.00010133737,0.00019680784,0.0006245954,0.00038841876,0.000064507294,0.000024785619,0.00024953607,0.0000016772736],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000142440695,0.0004105555,0.000021960474,0.00032022997,0.000058454578,4.1938193e-7,0.0008858001,0.38203424,0.004153294,0.60862434,0.0000070976885,0.0034693691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002387036,0.000050788945,0.00036372733,0.00021923427,0.000033814045,9.954254e-7,0.000075649325,0.57332426,0.008534065,0.41690695,0.000098203505,0.00015358345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000588354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010017418,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31152132,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025358344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017010061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4132418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412644367","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124293","title":"Biomimetic dendritic root structures for enhancing wind-driven interfacial evaporation from complex particle-laden wastewater","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Research (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Wastewater; Particle (ecology); Evaporation; Environmental science; Root (linguistics); Environmental engineering; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Physics; Meteorology; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.12022115227846387,"score_gpt":0.4124102256091103,"score_spread":0.2921890733306464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412644367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98441607,0.00008668328,0.011061358,0.0020374414,0.00057110895,0.0008998896,0.000047698253,0.00013960825,0.0007401163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98840547,0.000001786301,0.008148907,0.00007839651,0.00032491013,0.00020143109,0.0004132609,0.00005351501,0.0023723443],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960207,0.0011021049,0.00063524063,0.0007145207,0.0005745221,0.00095296477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99832475,0.0002856531,0.000046524063,0.0007433902,0.00045132724,0.0001483253],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014420483,0.00024789575,0.00034614076,0.00043552637,0.00044499215,0.00041194016,0.00065162615,0.00021698813,0.0012726971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003600533,0.00019075283,0.00011517924,0.00037647394,0.00023549522,0.00025715106,0.0003223169,0.00038818078,0.00041003642],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026743315,0.000055708853,0.0013691736,0.00006917605,0.00012095303,0.0000054439265,0.0029318363,0.0005492207,0.98728836,0.0037578996,0.0009562718,0.0026285066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001086517,0.000092060545,0.0023874736,0.000047263104,0.00003459569,0.0000016515664,0.00045140227,0.004597008,0.9328433,0.04145305,0.016787432,0.00021824078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00088565634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011103965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05444507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023560433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008541814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996403},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412657813","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.041","title":"Biomass-based 3D solar interface evaporators integrating efficient evaporation and power generation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Evaporation; Environmental science; Interface (matter); Biomass (ecology); Materials science; Solar power; Process engineering; Power (physics); Nuclear engineering; Engineering physics; Meteorology; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Geology; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.0129711046303486,"score_gpt":0.28582759180662454,"score_spread":0.2728564871762759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412657813","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78860533,0.001180005,0.20282656,0.00048956514,0.0006967815,0.000043744752,0.0000040042087,0.00004385104,0.00611018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984851,0.000012475732,0.014225913,0.00015495274,0.00020228082,0.0000058253163,0.000022071092,0.000023562035,0.0005019377],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99825,0.00017345174,0.00081119075,0.0002639667,0.00030653854,0.00019482861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982823,0.000117289535,0.0006432554,0.0002987056,0.00054313766,0.00011527296],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00087056385,0.00022666549,0.00029455833,0.00018136512,0.00012050349,0.00013671696,0.00022196752,0.00022588485,0.00013498169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004989322,0.00019992505,0.00010907026,0.00038130893,0.00007510857,0.00014923392,0.0000422844,0.00027506863,0.0000015459989],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000063573585,0.00009389656,0.00039521832,0.000033099896,0.00007627424,0.000008184114,0.000104281375,0.01713857,0.9778934,0.00074656046,0.00056342507,0.0028835032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000676822,0.000043250573,0.000097004544,0.00010375638,0.00005031501,0.000023522018,0.00013618372,0.026610672,0.9560373,0.00019388704,0.015853615,0.00017367039],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039387884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008917994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19624567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021465326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002638335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8152707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412700092","doi":"10.11159/ffhmt25.101","title":"Experimental Investigation of Using Porous Bodies to Enhance the Solar Still Performance","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Porous medium; Porosity; Computer science; Composite material","score_opus":0.03572945085882705,"score_gpt":0.298939046110164,"score_spread":0.2632095952513369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412700092","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867116,0.00008882282,0.0017850074,0.0024642318,0.00039399657,0.00027845587,0.000013428282,0.000022305345,0.0082421405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956086,0.00005390398,0.0033985528,0.00039775652,0.000042599208,0.000043309326,0.0000027030692,0.000011930817,0.00044060464],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988707,0.000021446609,0.00036397675,0.00025475989,0.0003431661,0.00014598532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932474,0.000046072408,0.000038513408,0.00012436045,0.00042662435,0.000039718565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034496488,0.00016363274,0.00018655532,0.00012554617,0.000099751414,0.00006270366,0.0005150237,0.00006891409,0.000054386455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057896617,0.00011152636,0.00006101256,0.000146901,0.00017832403,0.00021707894,0.000063979016,0.00013901087,0.0000020307052],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016662652,0.000024096209,0.0021757588,0.000050895567,0.000051867017,4.102658e-8,0.0023603477,0.00020530303,0.9470697,0.046725128,0.000059273156,0.0011109514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021499104,0.000058623977,0.0016280381,0.0002501765,0.000025550788,0.0000016845707,0.0006079182,0.015036533,0.97945803,0.0021943108,0.00041618937,0.0001079637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000096156145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000039876395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.044530816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060781862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005488324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45479128},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412814494","doi":"10.11113/jamst.v29n2.321","title":"Structural, Thermal, and Surface Properties of PVDF/Silica Aerogel Nanocomposite Membranes for Membrane Distillation Application","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Aerogel; Membrane; Membrane distillation; Nanocomposite; Materials science; Thermal; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Desalination; Engineering","score_opus":0.014519437835663139,"score_gpt":0.27173281217120615,"score_spread":0.25721337433554303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412814494","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903388,0.00088240026,0.004983688,0.0016522065,0.00021612557,0.00076068845,0.000004690199,0.00009785987,0.0010635186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97482276,0.00014593091,0.024807485,0.00006265971,0.000036944555,0.000041814714,0.0000022550694,0.000021194863,0.00005892907],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977291,0.00004517854,0.0009638288,0.0004617743,0.00042442686,0.00037565682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99768454,0.00013843273,0.0008555687,0.0005561374,0.0006801396,0.00008516689],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014157443,0.0002492076,0.00059452775,0.0010745324,0.00034007136,0.00006655205,0.00092142104,0.00025525654,0.000008065276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021101144,0.00019496641,0.000089493275,0.0020192603,0.0015175722,0.00034098193,0.00013229364,0.00027227876,0.0000016709788],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003165582,0.000035269906,0.00017117274,0.00025435723,0.000042311796,3.548984e-7,0.00026783193,0.0079778815,0.94036734,0.037390288,0.0000036532037,0.013172968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094417535,0.00008918162,0.00032768186,0.00006766252,0.000077540055,0.0000365371,0.00037981418,0.0045994264,0.9859172,0.0046703517,0.0027131576,0.0001772902],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023407978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006427535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04554983,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001003617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002561349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79504997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412922154","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202514443","title":"Spherical Architecture of Bamboo Lignocellulosic Aerogels for Enhanced Solar‐Driven Evaporation and Antisalt Accumulation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China; Government of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Bamboo; Evaporation; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.03010623136913522,"score_gpt":0.31755050613362923,"score_spread":0.287444274764494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412922154","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.527916,0.00007828245,0.46994743,0.0001976187,0.00090050313,0.0004896527,0.000055829216,0.00007876689,0.00033591266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9104376,0.000021376498,0.08815541,0.00014785989,0.00016050175,0.00020478439,0.0003545297,0.000028410323,0.00048954226],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841505,0.0001830732,0.00058276934,0.00042317144,0.00018478569,0.00021117495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987254,0.00040415392,0.00028344739,0.00027702778,0.00026120394,0.000048762904],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032791874,0.00020593706,0.00036934565,0.00012333083,0.00012396552,0.000047839865,0.00010317529,0.00016769172,0.00023182298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003616611,0.00020044802,0.00006565317,0.00022844573,0.000077955134,0.0002512766,0.00004344319,0.00006993985,0.000009732967],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00060224335,0.000044350258,0.00016245693,0.00012195178,0.000055432072,1.8226909e-7,0.00006764295,0.012448301,0.9622689,0.013258657,0.000054915596,0.010914979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001038924,0.00009102109,0.007737813,0.00005529218,0.000046761903,0.0000018762347,0.00003132769,0.0002473304,0.94714123,0.04124331,0.0021972628,0.00016784611],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020239413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008771919,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38252157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050618153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000062034596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81740326},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412923156","doi":"10.1002/dro2.70018","title":"An electrocyte‐inspired moisture‐driven electricity generator for self‐sustained water electrolysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Droplet","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Electricity; Generator (circuit theory); Electrolysis; Moisture; Materials science; Environmental science; Process engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Power (physics); Composite material; Electrode; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.008734604374854389,"score_gpt":0.2773846460834977,"score_spread":0.2686500417086433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412923156","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7694188,0.00033218123,0.22147891,0.0017670005,0.00049655285,0.0013932087,0.000036249363,0.0014829644,0.0035941813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95273215,0.000026930278,0.04077502,0.0017219095,0.0004233898,0.0006214015,0.00057099405,0.000101326295,0.0030268868],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99669987,0.0005007834,0.00057326903,0.0008555572,0.0002812833,0.0010892596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981557,0.00013103262,0.00011172139,0.0010132522,0.00041166306,0.00017662214],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006675611,0.00041546213,0.00053202745,0.00046409105,0.00040308907,0.00017770001,0.00067560613,0.0003278011,0.00013221754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001613089,0.0003491446,0.00024835378,0.00084088923,0.000037862075,0.00022879153,0.00004909669,0.00030582922,0.000051107323],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033751057,0.0003118622,0.0009821155,0.00005390049,0.00039088045,0.0000062029635,0.00050105416,0.0005238406,0.9617968,0.027567148,0.0037281627,0.003800482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014430048,0.00028654656,0.0006914581,0.0000038134058,0.00019864689,0.000004396334,0.00003693639,0.015487866,0.8198356,0.004438822,0.15713236,0.00044055065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021602922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001695464,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18331338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046617983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020796391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413006563","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202514279","title":"Ion‐Regulated Water Activation in Plasmonic Aerogels for Highly Efficient and Salt‐Resistive Solar Desalination","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Desalination; Plasmon; Salt (chemistry); Ion; Resistive touchscreen; Nanotechnology; Aerogel; Chemical engineering; Optoelectronics; Membrane; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.014247581683103895,"score_gpt":0.27081230217092533,"score_spread":0.2565647204878214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413006563","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94142,0.000035912475,0.055686325,0.0005361037,0.0012860199,0.0006929507,0.000034096473,0.00012238577,0.00018620027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98911667,0.000007985035,0.00880121,0.00017032838,0.00008102716,0.0005406007,0.00050448126,0.00003179531,0.0007459316],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982497,0.00022927816,0.0005427528,0.00048769367,0.00018148846,0.00030908303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897677,0.0003804439,0.00013218708,0.00022090063,0.00024655278,0.000043155],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006754213,0.00021793887,0.00028864385,0.00034497186,0.00018088364,0.0000774162,0.00009055375,0.00017838187,0.00011554176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032792464,0.00018936941,0.00004147546,0.0002410673,0.000057307207,0.0002606599,0.00004650531,0.00007495821,0.000023362236],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010102557,0.00007265211,0.000066540066,0.000060715964,0.000038082027,3.5158737e-7,0.00010998639,0.023051336,0.94116914,0.03250793,0.000044082648,0.0018689517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001795601,0.00004836229,0.019194214,0.00007349599,0.000023368311,0.0000011209962,0.000048213788,0.00047896217,0.95485884,0.02083086,0.0024540366,0.0001929306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004537168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012075142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047696635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023867507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047683392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7722261},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413285823","doi":"10.1039/d5sc03309h","title":"Plasmonic photothermal nanomaterials for solar steam generation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemical Science","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Nanomaterials; Plasmon; Nanotechnology; Photothermal effect; Materials science; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.09272738118216334,"score_gpt":0.39611267649865683,"score_spread":0.3033852953164935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413285823","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004130613,0.9908752,0.0021528483,0.000019186193,0.0019804677,0.0013662562,0.00010303893,0.00018861551,0.0029013527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00007300626,0.96624255,0.02967828,0.0000901564,0.00070655893,0.0011481111,0.00026023388,0.000060116767,0.0017409576],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972304,0.00015390833,0.000732534,0.0009605266,0.00036554335,0.0005571059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99825835,0.00039038435,0.0003143273,0.000736636,0.0001443105,0.00015597824],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014739641,0.00037306562,0.0009910897,0.00019998662,0.00022184776,0.00022690088,0.0013243675,0.00039966017,0.0001981421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011717847,0.00030114042,0.00030545332,0.0008145676,0.00034515702,0.00021051953,0.00018963545,0.00016455298,0.0000924547],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000042498923,0.000032891843,9.5627016e-8,0.003166845,0.000020064941,6.5498244e-7,0.000027913897,0.0000031251172,0.20710504,0.0015917942,0.00046292171,0.7875844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009304223,0.0000088196775,5.962332e-8,0.0007010287,0.00008931888,0.0000062545428,0.000001223386,0.00008798153,0.3269853,0.0001595886,0.6716154,0.0002519677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011579674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.2613636e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7873324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039177196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009496331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999441},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413327954","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127703","title":"Investigation of the frost limits of a liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger (LAMEE) under subzero air temperatures","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Frost (temperature); Materials science; Heat exchanger; Liquid air; Environmental science; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Nuclear engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.021269210678269344,"score_gpt":0.2766940272916394,"score_spread":0.25542481661337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413327954","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95167875,0.00063983985,0.031293023,0.014246502,0.0012724799,0.00009637585,0.00002773683,0.000010151163,0.0007351112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99538195,0.0002040184,0.0018039262,0.0019401257,0.00013664381,0.0000066439848,0.000007041804,0.000014996795,0.00050466607],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983791,0.00025492115,0.00064039347,0.00014416536,0.00046359026,0.00011782164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988243,0.00019290319,0.00007993395,0.00016348794,0.0006636589,0.00007573771],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043347405,0.00014277206,0.00027375142,0.00035533926,0.00003963303,0.000019426738,0.00039116413,0.000095808035,0.000054710305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006979626,0.000100780475,0.00016672398,0.00024436403,0.00011268348,0.00015755475,0.00002259711,0.00017542652,5.0669524e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00068831857,0.000044207573,0.0016644706,0.000038394963,0.00033337565,0.000004502606,0.00094747555,0.0024326926,0.967156,0.02561417,0.00030772938,0.0007686577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010367936,0.00012846,0.015348394,0.00026851127,0.00006962976,0.000022447965,0.00012780038,0.000072544615,0.9702068,0.0037590356,0.008863431,0.00009618028],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017045042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010927237,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043703157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051854247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012740707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41097087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414144749","doi":"10.31224/5331","title":"Bronze Wool as a Porous Mixer for Air Temperature Uniformity in Energy Exchangers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Wool; Bronze; Heat exchanger; Porosity; Pressure drop; Homogenization (climate); Thermal; Mixing (physics)","score_opus":0.021740214730910208,"score_gpt":0.30679028136334363,"score_spread":0.28505006663243343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414144749","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17815323,0.007080568,0.09003274,0.01679246,0.018889017,0.008535562,0.0017175886,0.0041958746,0.674603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2236831,0.00077543803,0.2132419,0.0131140705,0.001384837,0.005724382,0.0033738317,0.00033639185,0.538366],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99646115,0.00046926446,0.00080660044,0.00125062,0.0003409291,0.0006714099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973257,0.000364446,0.0002538455,0.0016145108,0.0002958569,0.00014560066],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008656568,0.0006694643,0.0008271545,0.00067012245,0.00009989102,0.00011195998,0.000963499,0.0016354666,0.00063399994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036743973,0.0006353819,0.0003488827,0.00047174134,0.0000657716,0.00012624217,0.0006333433,0.00091231905,0.000036264562],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00211826,0.0018010638,0.0030812058,0.0042694956,0.0020128323,0.00018246892,0.008762751,0.09863302,0.011349118,0.49842802,0.17718937,0.19217241],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00238975,0.000104956496,0.0016909946,0.0004447228,0.00014484201,0.000020584781,0.0005517779,0.0020180184,0.081961624,0.0831034,0.8256824,0.0018869301],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012059409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037722455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64849305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043993804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005730269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414443776","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2025.1650870","title":"Mapping the research landscape: energy storage of bio-nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials for solar desalination—a scientometric framework","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Water","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"Phase change; Phase-change material; Desalination; Solar energy; Concentrator; Solar still; Renewable energy; Water desalination","score_opus":0.1037674600492488,"score_gpt":0.38441914883725864,"score_spread":0.28065168878800983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414443776","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55401605,0.0010264263,0.4395912,0.0012937387,0.002784872,0.0007172062,0.000028985018,0.000058710084,0.00048281255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95950544,0.000060436352,0.038198605,0.0001862481,0.00017134294,0.00075930817,0.000050724313,0.000031954038,0.0010359673],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99696636,0.0008483686,0.0005743796,0.00044136043,0.00050817424,0.00066134793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998341,0.00036144842,0.00010010328,0.0006589153,0.00048121254,0.000057302314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0057018553,0.00017123448,0.00034680832,0.00247019,0.00025463637,0.00013233554,0.000642919,0.0002113852,0.00011365046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009859222,0.0001156318,0.0000730602,0.0034418064,0.00020678225,0.00022416476,0.00015300167,0.00018699662,0.000009613022],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007237375,0.0006199926,0.0036196066,0.00032590362,0.00020718967,0.0000048688107,0.014602119,0.00034454264,0.8692279,0.021097206,0.013607414,0.07561954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012277908,0.000062074694,0.0007922625,0.00008876805,0.000013553118,3.1340966e-7,0.000833732,0.0017177792,0.9270453,0.027220754,0.040851664,0.00014600085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016076905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009593054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40548936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018084866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005140745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47153282},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W4414723634","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119477","title":"Zeolite nanosheet–carbon composite films for high-efficiency and salt-resistant interfacial solar evaporation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion; Information Technology Research Centre; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Ethiopia","keywords":"Evaporation; Fabrication; Composite number; Coating; Porosity; Zeolite; Absorption (acoustics); Membrane","score_opus":0.015352418061480447,"score_gpt":0.29268903214603026,"score_spread":0.2773366140845498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414723634","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71331245,0.00029386612,0.2795673,0.00090440677,0.0011677849,0.0007795564,0.000037757338,0.00025385586,0.0036830357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778908,0.000012090859,0.020314192,0.00017028792,0.000082398605,0.00012887592,0.000290006,0.000026149304,0.0010852367],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99845874,0.00024043056,0.0004623962,0.00040953408,0.00020022423,0.00022866226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989867,0.00019292033,0.0001743952,0.00028845284,0.00030603944,0.00005149016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078212604,0.00018351024,0.00021320082,0.00031209248,0.00020115245,0.00013006006,0.00015959138,0.00018069099,0.000015700023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030556245,0.00018935165,0.00004966736,0.000378389,0.00006450585,0.00019763764,0.000044616834,0.0001104458,0.0000061720148],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053337065,0.00020792613,0.0015502666,0.00019299176,0.00008107949,0.0000016512879,0.0012186294,0.0017916153,0.6506096,0.30658242,0.00051903416,0.036711376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003196938,0.00032252877,0.036518592,0.000149242,0.00017622019,0.0000029853145,0.00017778788,0.15006194,0.7263398,0.06764379,0.014775955,0.0006341801],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019914971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004553247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2645783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011282668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053485852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7721536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414914022","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202519230","title":"All Wood‐Based Evaporator via Cell Wall Regulating for Integrated Water and Energy Generation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Renewable energy; Evaporation; Evaporator; Photothermal therapy; Cellulose; Solar energy; Water treatment; Carbon fibers","score_opus":0.025535897444787757,"score_gpt":0.2743097681288299,"score_spread":0.24877387068404214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414914022","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48611656,0.00014402621,0.5081835,0.0010977461,0.0028964223,0.00040338363,0.000092144684,0.0002974063,0.00076883944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90674347,0.000008273504,0.082916126,0.001984002,0.0003289593,0.0006061642,0.0033225405,0.000057824996,0.0040326263],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981494,0.00024957306,0.0005767585,0.0005371529,0.00016183945,0.00032527055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989565,0.000178973,0.00015003451,0.00032097733,0.00032248627,0.0000710006],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050517934,0.0002718627,0.00031014998,0.00018235733,0.00019773176,0.00011971774,0.000106468586,0.00018576474,0.00041199144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010486968,0.00022089311,0.0000583683,0.00013780067,0.000045709996,0.00026209766,0.0000373082,0.00005842058,0.000013817066],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003937726,0.000043201962,0.000017555647,0.00005195836,0.00004188279,4.6711827e-7,0.000030350204,0.006784204,0.9797051,0.007719542,0.00063166954,0.0045803175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012798511,0.000054552467,0.00012324814,0.000019366094,0.000042773776,0.0000014658349,0.000013887387,0.0046615954,0.885421,0.0076845684,0.10046961,0.00022812121],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016201453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030429159,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42526734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000112950154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005730696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90077597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415504442","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135805","title":"Biomass-derived Janus composite evaporators with hybrid-surface design for stable and efficient solar desalination","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separation and Purification Technology","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology; Shandong Academy of Sciences","keywords":"Evaporator; Janus; Composite number; Desalination; Superhydrophilicity; Evaporation; Solar desalination; Solar still","score_opus":0.020143198964646954,"score_gpt":0.29971039491737583,"score_spread":0.2795671959527289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415504442","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38427675,0.000580528,0.61151534,0.0021181002,0.00009091304,0.0008425328,0.00001301413,0.00029460734,0.00026819535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8784848,0.000057420493,0.12049018,0.000098982484,0.000012093012,0.00025104446,0.00012647768,0.000023020975,0.00045599183],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984381,0.0002065616,0.00041025024,0.0005609454,0.00013289141,0.0002512094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99870384,0.00018577618,0.00023947116,0.00041935264,0.0003913185,0.000060215076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000685485,0.00022090641,0.00025511906,0.0004755188,0.0003847214,0.00011865519,0.00015388349,0.00023988179,0.000009528155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012380633,0.00020971712,0.000024184597,0.0007446502,0.00022764235,0.00015257813,0.000029588486,0.00012894599,0.000009758016],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048058163,0.00020129664,0.0028523626,0.00013040983,0.00014839337,0.000001502402,0.00056467194,0.010372452,0.7728648,0.18730597,0.00047284068,0.02460471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013937495,0.00017727715,0.0020064993,0.000027543552,0.0000774068,0.000014450704,0.00029173974,0.06149038,0.9028391,0.012579404,0.018811742,0.00029069124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029077482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010083939,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49420804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000093797644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8552016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415644000","doi":"10.3390/engproc2025111029","title":"Transient Analysis of Solar Driven Hydrogen Generation System Using Industrial Waste Water","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Wastewater; Hydrogen production; Industrial wastewater treatment; Renewable energy; Solar energy; Sewage treatment; Exergy; Photovoltaic system","score_opus":0.06824317604268887,"score_gpt":0.2999093545051698,"score_spread":0.23166617846248094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415644000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8408098,0.000021414495,0.15562935,0.000087148626,0.0003524524,0.00017812503,0.000009300196,0.000076248194,0.0028361136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896682,0.0000013613355,0.009274204,0.000039369494,0.00012625716,0.000014700819,0.00012225345,0.000015146327,0.00073854276],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981143,0.000461922,0.00063906657,0.0003265171,0.000233948,0.00022428343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919975,0.000035489513,0.000091939524,0.00048464438,0.00013576206,0.00005242756],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006180814,0.00015202144,0.0004129495,0.00069871725,0.00009447684,0.000039467814,0.00018729197,0.00020707777,0.00021335766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020508656,0.00011595036,0.00023563647,0.00097110606,0.000030450474,0.000114563845,0.00003472069,0.00010062086,0.000010324256],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000226062,0.00003387381,0.0013364902,0.000020041527,0.0014394616,0.0000013509781,0.0005711411,0.3170967,0.6754777,0.0026527292,0.000055855468,0.0012920582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003356424,0.000008650709,0.000050837454,0.000010984478,0.0010484221,4.8771625e-7,0.00023195868,0.3719839,0.62525517,0.00001118945,0.0009717954,0.00009096338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008877243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012284647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14885832,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015666311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048539874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47283185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415687539","doi":"10.1002/smll.202508897","title":"Bioinspired and Biodegradable Hydrothermally Treated Cellulose Nanocrystal Aerogels for High Efficiency Solar Steam Generation and Sustainable Water Purification","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Small","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Desalination; Evaporation; Solar desalination; Portable water purification; Cellulose; Microstructure; Population; Greenhouse gas; Water scarcity","score_opus":0.01764923844539036,"score_gpt":0.2405551111775425,"score_spread":0.22290587273215212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415687539","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95096177,0.00075375475,0.045150153,0.0006209019,0.00015395126,0.0010794268,0.000017911943,0.0001883904,0.0010737693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9629345,0.00005164481,0.016169151,0.00014092214,0.00007499151,0.0003071108,0.00028619706,0.000047218044,0.019988287],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99799204,0.00023472795,0.00042379455,0.00061949913,0.00011597331,0.0006139896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990864,0.0000760738,0.00009335018,0.0004248456,0.00022466629,0.000094686664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008949745,0.0002680889,0.00027151476,0.00028198786,0.0004196774,0.0002072289,0.00016851722,0.00022315641,0.000032692213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007716456,0.0002188458,0.000052049007,0.0002599187,0.000104176266,0.00022645299,0.00007685572,0.00009443857,0.00000887052],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011983518,0.00014917082,0.0008491523,0.00018941367,0.00006142535,0.0000040502973,0.0005764333,0.00020808201,0.96263045,0.024300955,0.00019583094,0.010715193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015274787,0.00014658949,0.000672654,0.000015488846,0.00007969015,0.0000039109623,0.0001793107,0.006977355,0.970218,0.0024237055,0.01746379,0.00029203063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00094311906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000817728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028981,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099112774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006532319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89242727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415826894","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00051","title":"Optimizing Mixtures of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Robust and Bespoke Passive Atmospheric Water Harvesting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Engineering Au","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Oregon State University; Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation; Concordia University; Research Corporation for Science Advancement; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Bespoke; Adsorption; Nanoporous; Arid; Water vapor; Passive solar building design; Water balance","score_opus":0.011665303569846444,"score_gpt":0.2397385788101177,"score_spread":0.22807327524027127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415826894","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24616085,0.0006566162,0.7518176,0.00025878518,0.00051658583,0.00017930164,0.000003381594,0.00017313211,0.0002337864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.51089454,0.00001413757,0.4882149,0.00005847497,0.00008618398,0.000053344585,0.000011570554,0.000043946613,0.0006229177],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989307,0.00003978119,0.0003177355,0.0002783034,0.00008942505,0.00034408277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904704,0.00041626973,0.000061192484,0.0003270686,0.00009306103,0.00005537985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032077834,0.00019764996,0.00031585083,0.00005082967,0.00007867965,0.00004989262,0.00019217901,0.00025550328,0.000019335406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00066721655,0.00017151702,0.00006569733,0.00022531232,0.000030551742,0.00012567086,0.00008550134,0.00027867287,0.0000019808626],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021008325,0.000022197635,0.00022136162,0.0003274201,0.00025981787,0.0000024466547,0.0017259319,0.57247585,0.4106586,0.0046533495,0.00006009956,0.009571904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063884404,0.000044017554,0.0010884556,0.00022473113,0.00016742367,0.000006690312,0.00013037685,0.1051228,0.8822291,0.00068006833,0.009298487,0.00036904044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010675121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000061551996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47157046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000623056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023473633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6994261},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415897291","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.170454","title":"Salt-rejecting evaporator enhances vacancy-rich Pt/ZnIn₂S₄ seawater hydrogen evolution via photothermal synergy and evaporation-induced dynamic interface","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents; Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Photocatalysis; Hydrogen production; Evaporation; Evaporator; Coating; Hydrogen; Artificial seawater","score_opus":0.006689935266645263,"score_gpt":0.25713111894805035,"score_spread":0.2504411836814051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415897291","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78337365,0.0010057625,0.21428311,0.00016028756,0.0006604154,0.00010873155,0.0000017097125,0.00017681735,0.00022951803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849283,0.000020547455,0.014395652,0.000045807603,0.0002457125,0.00003206163,0.000009953475,0.000060882016,0.0002610973],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980712,0.0001073931,0.000645575,0.00041849562,0.0002790456,0.00047829037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998973,0.0001550607,0.00019447626,0.0002941209,0.00017952133,0.00020379631],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006120465,0.0003350817,0.00035414626,0.00028066404,0.00015901141,0.00015357985,0.0003130367,0.000262891,0.00009338401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003740737,0.00032150495,0.00009566506,0.0004726214,0.000039031176,0.0003549926,0.000093396506,0.0007223284,0.00001680165],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003477855,0.000028703203,0.00017436399,0.000055080658,0.00012615431,0.000005941202,0.00021648114,0.012401964,0.98402524,0.0001678048,0.0000489292,0.002714589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052513287,0.000027209224,0.00031140787,0.00014985251,0.00004898963,0.00012166737,0.000045880453,0.12781604,0.8693818,0.0005988999,0.00065592903,0.0003171941],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000050834362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031531376,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20155463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004909872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011163621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999237},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416023143","doi":"10.1016/j.gee.2025.11.002","title":"Heat and hydrogen co-production based on photoresponsive electrode in the full-spectrum SOEC hybrid system","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Energy & Environment","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Key Technologies Research and Development Program; National University's Basic Research Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Photocurrent; Exergy efficiency; Electrode; Hybrid system; Irradiation; Energy conversion efficiency","score_opus":0.0088102895777404,"score_gpt":0.22748297143499238,"score_spread":0.21867268185725197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416023143","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756295,0.0006340262,0.011577257,0.0059925662,0.00026995287,0.00052117195,0.000019605686,0.00013859863,0.005217284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971161,0.000086352804,0.0006750166,0.00097591203,0.000121369005,0.00021483657,0.000071186696,0.000029526096,0.00070970267],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99715865,0.0010083283,0.00036704945,0.00069682964,0.0003774188,0.0003917316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987454,0.00015646515,0.00005856847,0.00096909003,0.000006923723,0.00006359331],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008410702,0.00028593006,0.00026457076,0.0002710216,0.00017932006,0.00003438058,0.00029506226,0.00009796939,0.00008610542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025942962,0.00023517557,0.000079411206,0.00019661764,0.00011162346,0.00006399467,0.000033690478,0.0002077935,0.000039119488],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0030371197,0.00093763816,0.0074130567,0.00017043395,0.0004408749,0.00024519328,0.0013106811,0.5349115,0.349475,0.043875348,0.0016796254,0.05650355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016207199,0.00042833018,0.021462047,0.00009236011,0.00011068616,0.00007095522,0.00037355509,0.052835736,0.7926392,0.0017727013,0.12796165,0.000632057],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022104324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022806904,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48207575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004569791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036262827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9590181},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416306303","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109094","title":"Feasibility evaluation of flowback and produced water treatment via interfacial solar evaporation: Experimental validation and techno-economic analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Water Process Engineering","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Commission Géologique du Canada; Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Produced water; Durability; Evaporator; Evaporation; Water treatment; Sewage treatment; Wastewater; Aerogel","score_opus":0.02897490178055283,"score_gpt":0.33148423963863083,"score_spread":0.302509337858078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416306303","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.984162,0.0002333404,0.014985758,0.00014137819,0.00018687308,0.00024083511,0.0000017643605,0.000019424708,0.000028637349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976041,0.000009319106,0.0022437226,0.0000033066099,0.000064194115,0.000026090533,0.000016938147,0.000012118973,0.00002022317],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869424,0.00009531713,0.0006348393,0.00022622893,0.00021124182,0.00013814619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931526,0.000016163602,0.00014419008,0.00018140353,0.00029751932,0.00004545685],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013803045,0.00016347285,0.0003479643,0.00048395866,0.0000460023,0.00005913472,0.000092123504,0.000080302896,0.000062657804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038607162,0.000110264526,0.00007681567,0.0001388942,0.000025954128,0.0005173767,0.000030893236,0.00008580747,0.0000011286692],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001226314,0.000097085234,0.0045502027,0.0000976684,0.000623525,5.9061387e-7,0.0034922117,0.25824532,0.72758377,0.000020037965,7.1573726e-7,0.0051662163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089199684,0.000095305964,0.0011144942,0.000018458715,0.00054054597,0.0000099350955,0.00013425254,0.07800839,0.9186936,0.00036131233,0.000029369075,0.000102360296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035086672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037027148,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19110979,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031035146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004185412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4496457},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416415638","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c09345","title":"Experimental Study of High-Pressure Oxy-Fired Direct Contact Steam Generation (HiPrOx-DCSG) with Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Produced Water","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Suncor Energy Incorporated","keywords":"Flue gas; Boiler (water heating); Produced water; Combustion; Steam drum; Boiler blowdown; Heat exchanger; Steam injection","score_opus":0.0240943578278202,"score_gpt":0.2881251523418699,"score_spread":0.2640307945140497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416415638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939428,0.00040916933,0.00017447343,0.00018246476,0.0006117838,0.0016026467,0.000022064158,0.00026517006,0.0027894059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99321145,0.0000024102778,0.0011788453,0.00009675895,0.00013967007,0.0004973217,0.00018363555,0.00007176398,0.0046181534],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962034,0.0011021001,0.0007146777,0.00094824884,0.0005589103,0.0004726327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978115,0.00010042496,0.0002465055,0.0014383222,0.00030019338,0.000103036524],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082841015,0.00044135007,0.0007063225,0.00030159327,0.00027487872,0.000115086994,0.0005058007,0.00019512625,0.000045817516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000105984,0.0003269034,0.000086362925,0.0005347644,0.00008129337,0.00038359044,0.00017904458,0.0002503169,0.00001796558],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006031798,0.0025081546,0.003490432,0.00006828333,0.00064645574,0.000016027881,0.005068912,0.00045539194,0.9832862,0.0010665538,0.00040221313,0.0023882182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003959333,0.00091901346,0.023112122,0.0000359041,0.00023958411,0.0000036450829,0.0017079369,0.00009648862,0.9666988,0.0001178187,0.0027051785,0.0004041564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002230819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030891347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01962169,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015042535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077921504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416724469","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c01964","title":"Importance of the Operating Conditions on the Photothermal Effect in Solar Pervaporation Desalination","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Division of Engineering Education and Centers; Arizona State University; Bureau of Reclamation; National Water Research Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Pervaporation; Membrane; Photothermal therapy; Desalination; Sunlight; Flux (metallurgy); Solar energy; Volume (thermodynamics); Humidity","score_opus":0.07933756623664304,"score_gpt":0.37353942835674947,"score_spread":0.29420186212010646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416724469","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950347,0.000024018953,0.00003666207,0.00096301397,0.00015756188,0.00043723182,0.000009490371,0.00003434353,0.0033029895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99899775,0.0000016834935,0.000033927314,0.000019758992,0.00015538493,0.00020699235,0.000018814757,0.000017696095,0.0005480235],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99833703,0.00042992536,0.00034934492,0.00022362871,0.00040156872,0.00025849076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980492,0.0012142396,0.00006415034,0.00050169305,0.00014177502,0.00002891534],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031725003,0.00012121859,0.00014645676,0.000090943744,0.00016239965,0.000063170126,0.00043345886,0.00019885458,0.00010667978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0043537584,0.00008494142,0.00005859594,0.0010227751,0.000083586725,0.0000698171,0.0000702284,0.0010195693,0.0000038925873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023179638,0.000028489572,0.0055577448,0.000038997237,0.000020026406,0.00000116567,0.00010687202,0.04209253,0.94968134,0.0017508081,0.00025833448,0.0004405046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047943427,0.000016406779,0.004991363,0.00017397411,0.000004814146,7.030315e-7,0.00006127409,0.011201337,0.9822317,0.00014556972,0.00062237756,0.000071074595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011624142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006555388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032550324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023205602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016655258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.521217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416938095","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.171558","title":"Unlocking ultralow-energy and high-efficiency urine resource recovery via solar-driven aerogel interfacial evaporation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Ste. Anne's Hospital; United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Aerogel; Resource recovery; Modular design; Evaporation; Resource (disambiguation); Decoupling (probability); Efficient energy use","score_opus":0.007478193217534056,"score_gpt":0.22546688242596055,"score_spread":0.21798868920842648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416938095","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13973029,0.00034988785,0.8582925,0.00028684095,0.00065519667,0.000051545663,0.0000024401497,0.00016124886,0.000470049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94857234,0.00004389363,0.050328683,0.00012290778,0.0005386104,0.0000113927035,0.000025143618,0.000047444453,0.00030958618],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984433,0.00007262513,0.000546312,0.0003258265,0.00023556853,0.0003763623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991756,0.00016134503,0.00013172187,0.0002494831,0.00010361746,0.0001782164],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003860503,0.00025160535,0.0002909843,0.000277269,0.00012677973,0.00016901313,0.00029013905,0.00021795742,0.000051805226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043376736,0.0002527814,0.000099918856,0.0003785653,0.000048992963,0.00022610706,0.00006754748,0.0005370875,0.0000044847648],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000642566,0.000041996904,0.00010511869,0.000035475554,0.00007963407,0.000013334267,0.000116212424,0.0908045,0.8766242,0.0021501344,0.00029663972,0.029668458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010949458,0.000057589714,0.00025014716,0.0002231092,0.000065513545,0.00019520737,0.000028003959,0.14720368,0.8250486,0.0024575163,0.02291503,0.00046062874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021492964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.8303964e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80884206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020454444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047928464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417196164","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c03576","title":"Combining the Transport of Pendular Water with Wind-Assisted Interfacial Evaporation for Dewatering of Concentrated Slurry Waste","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Applied Biological Materials (Canada); BC Research (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Evaporator; Slurry; Evaporation; Dewatering; Particle (ecology); Renewable energy; Flocculation","score_opus":0.10052204779410405,"score_gpt":0.3510589983021618,"score_spread":0.25053695050805774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417196164","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968996,0.000030404673,0.0016012475,0.00017991618,0.00019269383,0.00048778343,0.00002467569,0.000053247953,0.00053039717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989211,0.000001949556,0.0002590664,0.0000020596046,0.00014738238,0.00007735298,0.00012926362,0.000033668108,0.0004281529],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810636,0.000115593386,0.0005988803,0.00029666311,0.00043388226,0.00044860132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998629,0.00029122914,0.00008779634,0.00042869823,0.00049870147,0.000064620726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001716119,0.00018592767,0.00033463887,0.00011462277,0.00011471296,0.000035863835,0.00044103918,0.00028448063,0.00006258418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002972192,0.00013144936,0.00007811057,0.0005244942,0.00016995505,0.00009431717,0.00005525677,0.00058890326,7.1501313e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00055491674,0.0000420545,0.00032045812,0.00023433268,0.0001546195,0.0000043924124,0.00056862354,0.03074413,0.96648836,0.00020259811,0.000022743601,0.00066278613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017958634,0.00006868588,0.00010128322,0.00027158187,0.000032933385,0.000004851531,0.00042280141,0.004372426,0.99044514,0.000032454413,0.0023233846,0.00012862586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001478285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028222546,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026371704,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000112384325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002058673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5360349},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417448688","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202524104","title":"Photothermal Macroporous Lignin Cryogels for Off‐Grid, Continuous Atmospheric Water Collection via Interlayer Heat Recovery","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Functional Materials","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Lignin; Sorbent; Yield (engineering); Photothermal therapy; Energy conversion efficiency; Portable water purification; Adsorption; Efficient energy use","score_opus":0.009573273124614177,"score_gpt":0.2551598260459342,"score_spread":0.24558655292132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417448688","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8161762,0.00034181183,0.15826528,0.0006461306,0.018406702,0.0016547211,0.00017585223,0.00055905984,0.003774275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8548836,0.00009554911,0.068692885,0.002403391,0.0013683941,0.0030349644,0.0010460922,0.00022140623,0.0682537],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973431,0.00030650632,0.0008449175,0.00070871506,0.00023044333,0.0005662884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865323,0.00029407002,0.00014541125,0.00047387206,0.0003502517,0.00008314064],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006176671,0.00039759962,0.000582763,0.000088748624,0.00031477658,0.0001458471,0.00021362815,0.00026174576,0.0032078123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015164536,0.00033971443,0.00018509553,0.00027866501,0.00007757772,0.00041114414,0.00007713729,0.00011813458,0.0002756964],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026013118,0.00011434424,0.000060214345,0.000068308764,0.0002023644,0.0000034098487,0.00008744464,0.0047090687,0.9720941,0.0006957708,0.0060961847,0.013267457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017679199,0.00022053621,0.00062227465,0.000045393117,0.00006279845,0.00002521556,0.00005477582,0.0001605296,0.8617451,0.006801101,0.12814732,0.000346991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025029544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030150686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12205114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003146662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000694252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6907933490","doi":"10.25446/oxford.25275181","title":"55859: Albert Ville's account of his experience in the army","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Duty; Front (military); Front line; Clothing; World War II; First world war; Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.07490912460012034,"score_gpt":0.37883491412914244,"score_spread":0.3039257895290221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6907933490","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00089497503,0.0010381562,0.000054573673,0.00029795786,0.0005728961,0.00050989544,0.000034075103,0.0000051082598,0.99659234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0046884757,0.00006820121,0.019001393,0.00014199111,0.00020005401,0.00021841587,0.00003734543,0.00030856524,0.97533554],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99834406,0.00026228433,0.00037695386,0.0005093252,0.00029300593,0.00021439101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985876,0.00010850243,0.00019349874,0.0010527663,0.000022128615,0.000035477216],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066111394,0.00024151681,0.00036259924,0.00021012085,0.000016064145,0.00016030173,0.0016515577,0.0002688378,0.046151195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009206305,0.0001690859,0.000075678545,0.00036337206,0.00010156419,0.00007978403,0.00023695435,0.0002582327,0.0035274173],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005515604,0.0002670594,0.00022934211,0.00012258887,0.00020611157,0.000100429395,0.053492434,0.000027360895,0.0022404676,0.0026809424,0.7544592,0.18611887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015080693,0.000012914405,0.000042185427,0.00018150837,0.000022415454,0.000007260184,0.0013682095,0.0000118573425,0.0029164553,0.00023323209,0.99484867,0.00020450524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0064119915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022639125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24038942,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050227067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069995665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6926527418","doi":"10.22033/esgf/cmip6.3602","title":"CCCma CanESM5 model output prepared for CMIP6 LUMIP hist-noLu","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Earth System Grid Federation","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Coupled model intercomparison project; Climate model; Climate change; Grid; Phase (matter); Resource (disambiguation); Earth system science","score_opus":0.05535049580254224,"score_gpt":0.2980683472608666,"score_spread":0.24271785145832436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6926527418","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00012804577,0.0004089312,0.035151344,0.00013502054,0.007977711,0.0032403509,0.9513093,0.00039004092,0.0012592386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0018462789,0.000020479774,0.009876376,0.00017903125,0.002462088,0.0012079116,0.9694539,0.00014819337,0.014805765],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9951262,0.0007068943,0.0014235695,0.0013070222,0.00076440774,0.00067191076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958904,0.00025773002,0.0010106238,0.0020631421,0.00057028595,0.00020781627],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012773403,0.00076207414,0.0010690799,0.00036237104,0.00057154754,0.0006584105,0.00063817104,0.0011032954,0.0001148355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032419618,0.0007816644,0.00035541135,0.00018459803,0.000040352297,0.00037868982,0.000090520065,0.00042750154,0.0012771521],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012171636,0.0000525017,0.0000053272283,0.0015700829,0.00013968462,0.0000042577713,0.00017654353,0.040394828,0.00014443908,0.00040897797,0.95649135,0.00049028074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010012902,0.00010182085,0.000017413053,0.0002631901,0.00017477611,0.000033340006,0.00007764486,0.10840432,0.0006449712,0.00004190314,0.88848466,0.00075468444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012504482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018897711,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.068009496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048930367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005466632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99950045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6926623905","doi":"10.25384/sage.21951237","title":"sj-docx-1-cjk-10.1177_20543581221150676 – Supplemental material for Development and Validation of Patient Education Tools for Deprescribing in Patients on Hemodialysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sage Journals Data","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Deprescribing; Hemodialysis; Home hemodialysis; Kidney disease; Patient education; Patient assessment; Disease","score_opus":0.09080950021326706,"score_gpt":0.3516461044934322,"score_spread":0.26083660428016514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6926623905","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98913276,0.00007219128,0.0024227388,0.0001981138,0.00066309125,0.0011183141,0.006294656,0.00003319525,0.00006494039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87660986,0.00009258756,0.066821575,0.00009513032,0.00020274389,0.00043757304,0.05555227,0.00006254345,0.00012569121],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978336,0.00019839713,0.0008895892,0.0004366303,0.00033829053,0.0003034864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99842876,0.00033219068,0.00041464518,0.0005780508,0.0001631738,0.000083182604],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014355103,0.00018015759,0.0002851907,0.00042367843,0.00013952056,0.00018709156,0.00037458137,0.00008683545,0.0016714833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068069506,0.00017861382,0.000048216698,0.00030121577,0.000018160257,0.00072987477,0.00021160505,0.000072427065,0.000011957596],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00054211816,0.0004480124,0.0110047115,0.00010115113,0.00011207125,5.7348825e-7,0.0016394464,0.00031993396,0.009045748,0.000056470955,0.008753095,0.9679767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004517229,0.00037000675,0.052251328,0.00055873505,0.00013471254,0.000001950107,0.0014989026,0.001124814,0.78943336,0.0017409641,0.14776036,0.00060763524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000070199574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003633804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.967369,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014017985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012368502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992411},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6939260307","doi":"10.60692/wjeeq-ffq61","title":"State-of-the-art in solar water heating (SWH) systems for sustainable solar energy utilization: A comprehensive review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Greater South Information System","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Solar water heating; Solar energy; Nanofluids in solar collectors; Renewable energy; Thermal energy storage; Thermal; Solar thermal collector; Passive solar building design; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector","score_opus":0.06740440171669919,"score_gpt":0.2751753441922878,"score_spread":0.20777094247558858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6939260307","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42399237,0.0027140242,0.53036696,0.0012295109,0.0062252507,0.01603889,0.0006042844,0.0032440417,0.015584665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952416,0.000033858236,0.0004568329,0.0003473788,0.000070031536,0.001139893,0.00029082544,0.000055438508,0.0023641407],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99616545,0.00061155745,0.0017772802,0.00028507505,0.0004939443,0.00066668267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99736685,0.0000654055,0.00058564165,0.00082210125,0.0010690269,0.000091003414],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001735528,0.0003141689,0.000636121,0.00051953876,0.00026940936,0.00018785128,0.00042824005,0.00013519738,0.000019756744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013914179,0.00022107903,0.00018911422,0.0011029757,0.00004605231,0.0009511141,0.00017217528,0.00012983654,0.0002811962],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00079500297,0.000058470097,0.075096264,0.20384173,0.0010354001,0.00007270498,0.31614557,0.32794955,0.00042623232,0.047043346,0.018612403,0.008923307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006677847,0.0002396151,0.010147635,0.011738148,0.00027743177,0.00018560338,0.07045161,0.24123195,0.05099957,0.0003999537,0.6055613,0.0020893128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020865611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001970492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58694893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002642433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008159411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90153414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6958054690","doi":"10.60692/q90m5-x6g83","title":"State-of-the-art in solar water heating (SWH) systems for sustainable solar energy utilization: A comprehensive review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Greater South Information System","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Solar water heating; Solar energy; Nanofluids in solar collectors; Renewable energy; Thermal energy storage; Thermal; Solar thermal collector; Passive solar building design; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector","score_opus":0.06740440171669919,"score_gpt":0.2751753441922878,"score_spread":0.20777094247558858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6958054690","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42399237,0.0027140242,0.53036696,0.0012295109,0.0062252507,0.01603889,0.0006042844,0.0032440417,0.015584665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952416,0.000033858236,0.0004568329,0.0003473788,0.000070031536,0.001139893,0.00029082544,0.000055438508,0.0023641407],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99616545,0.00061155745,0.0017772802,0.00028507505,0.0004939443,0.00066668267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99736685,0.0000654055,0.00058564165,0.00082210125,0.0010690269,0.000091003414],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001735528,0.0003141689,0.000636121,0.00051953876,0.00026940936,0.00018785128,0.00042824005,0.00013519738,0.000019756744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013914179,0.00022107903,0.00018911422,0.0011029757,0.00004605231,0.0009511141,0.00017217528,0.00012983654,0.0002811962],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00079500297,0.000058470097,0.075096264,0.20384173,0.0010354001,0.00007270498,0.31614557,0.32794955,0.00042623232,0.047043346,0.018612403,0.008923307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006677847,0.0002396151,0.010147635,0.011738148,0.00027743177,0.00018560338,0.07045161,0.24123195,0.05099957,0.0003999537,0.6055613,0.0020893128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020865611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001970492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58694893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002642433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008159411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90153414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6980313792","doi":"","title":"Boris Garcia Live at Route 63 Roadhouse on 2010-01-16","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Garcia; Barefoot; Point (geometry); Set (abstract data type); Window (computing)","score_opus":0.009729301166192032,"score_gpt":0.21103208744754348,"score_spread":0.20130278628135145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6980313792","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00013347484,0.00025819364,0.0000024907451,0.00019005167,0.0017854526,0.0006757587,0.00033823677,0.0006936215,0.99592274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00024719533,0.0003161053,0.0067261327,0.0006119849,0.0006354946,0.00006476992,0.00069630565,0.00049786805,0.99020416],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964856,0.00033353138,0.0011535444,0.00053259835,0.0008710936,0.0006236703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99644256,0.0002987035,0.0012684338,0.0014508474,0.00023459137,0.00030488207],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000573827,0.00076419156,0.00080593466,0.00023185113,0.00017585613,0.00010484429,0.00085201545,0.0014655489,0.7477303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038857333,0.00074818067,0.0003599364,0.000017853714,0.00022599348,5.4809135e-7,0.00020435525,0.0009308927,0.13640715],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021422583,0.00008651171,0.0000091093725,0.00020600228,0.00011694607,0.000020430243,0.0003417744,0.00026488962,0.0000053251347,0.00013444862,0.9935689,0.005031452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008534916,0.00017285283,0.0000486204,0.00019502162,0.00009889089,0.000067545494,0.000069069625,0.000014219101,0.00031959813,0.000035110337,0.99737364,0.0007519234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023585372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010743915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6113231,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026032704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006169571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998308},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6986646736","doi":"","title":"IN QUEBEC !#-☎) +27 72 994 9256!#-☎)STOP CHEATING SPELL QUEBEC, QUEBEC","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Spell; Happiness; Happening; Cheating; Variety (cybernetics); Grandchild","score_opus":0.02020242198461679,"score_gpt":0.2863114978064427,"score_spread":0.2661090758218259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6986646736","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016826075,0.00007367726,0.0031347617,0.00069866696,0.0024873645,0.0016646356,0.00004167117,0.0006761802,0.98954046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00049713807,0.00026355157,0.018083917,0.000467199,0.00079852744,0.00025572814,0.00036026392,0.0012444991,0.9780292],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9852745,0.0038984362,0.0021178182,0.0058992235,0.0011560508,0.0016540011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98674,0.0009948475,0.0012736518,0.010157472,0.00025476006,0.00057925034],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0064597647,0.0015013077,0.001979682,0.0011807818,0.0001396205,0.00056003954,0.0030583756,0.0021484774,0.8886315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0043967194,0.0017902099,0.0007162438,0.0010937403,0.00041574254,0.00044505723,0.0025859168,0.0022926899,0.7488369],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002047792,0.001313023,0.0074098883,0.001332785,0.0010569685,0.0006408709,0.0076237763,0.0025607015,0.017014066,0.016335424,0.85914016,0.08536755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012252063,8.9157675e-7,0.0022489822,0.0009229969,0.00012622222,0.000041059102,0.0004930531,0.00021328962,0.014850632,0.001718332,0.9765055,0.0016538275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8161555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.82450014,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13979468,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022433207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013805014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6987414333","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release third quarter 2018 financial results","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Term (time); Energy consumption; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.01920675554468663,"score_gpt":0.2749551760994982,"score_spread":0.25574842055481156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6987414333","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000011281881,0.000084044514,0.019455373,0.00079983415,0.0030563814,0.00023312816,0.00012859605,0.0009139886,0.97531736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00006911536,0.00003156324,0.06427041,0.002451543,0.004037755,0.000103522914,0.00023737102,0.0005749092,0.9282238],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996785,0.00037930274,0.0006763443,0.0010957943,0.00045486054,0.00060871965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971532,0.00011130371,0.00030275164,0.0019318208,0.00013200173,0.00036887484],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045366262,0.0005788437,0.00058158895,0.00054738566,0.000075525626,0.000083083025,0.0007395746,0.0009656009,0.012583939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000543877,0.00050538086,0.00019222274,0.00041586693,0.000102221435,0.00006055411,0.00012643602,0.00020087375,0.019394442],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018870662,0.00005518422,0.0000053853096,0.0000142776125,0.000043502136,0.000013564815,0.00011556098,0.0000040280447,0.00012730995,0.010296781,0.9843522,0.004783537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006760233,0.00017492009,0.00006394634,0.000083658146,0.000031246145,0.000004996075,0.00001620678,0.000020068404,0.0019836577,0.0010933664,0.9951688,0.000683103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010854292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008592229,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04709356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011161051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017638526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99973977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6987506931","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release third quarter 2015 financial results - Earnings News (EARNINGS) News","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Term (time)","score_opus":0.022393493504272107,"score_gpt":0.2869765821709772,"score_spread":0.2645830886667051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6987506931","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007738516,0.00031239376,0.009692824,0.00307678,0.002426037,0.0004701099,0.00013442825,0.0015893859,0.98222065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000109029366,0.000087956585,0.045442063,0.0031669075,0.0031923393,0.0001584907,0.0008993013,0.0009775561,0.94596636],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9938666,0.0010751522,0.0012304402,0.0017491535,0.0010149442,0.0010636774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952716,0.00019745385,0.00088934874,0.0022449591,0.00038160617,0.001014983],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010580006,0.0010462889,0.0011810213,0.00096830924,0.00012101663,0.00019904734,0.0011294163,0.0015290843,0.0053646024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026384308,0.0009481396,0.00029649487,0.0008973252,0.00010604134,0.00017436751,0.00026163508,0.00087698875,0.008785898],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039453167,0.00007753376,0.00008959499,0.000022096621,0.000067794754,0.000039004015,0.0007954029,0.0001692219,0.00015134868,0.0013950326,0.98976666,0.0070317844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016100734,0.00028363155,0.00014665298,0.00012448382,0.00006582578,0.000013061674,0.00017479873,0.000048116184,0.00033662966,0.00038065334,0.9956064,0.0012096283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06701845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02511184,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041906606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025714893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00065734034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997671},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6996766723","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy reports third quarter 2017 results Suncor Energy reports third quarter 2017 results Suncor Energy reports third quarter 2017 results","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Energy consumption; Energy source; Renewable energy","score_opus":0.02919990254888003,"score_gpt":0.29236438698824996,"score_spread":0.2631644844393699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6996766723","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001644602,0.0035102337,0.0048728837,0.0049475636,0.035938088,0.0021029254,0.00205851,0.0053371736,0.9410682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.019486552,0.0029935413,0.0140854,0.002576772,0.012443057,0.0017435501,0.017146941,0.0032971743,0.92622703],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9473622,0.0050747204,0.017837685,0.015661847,0.007185751,0.0068777907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9220778,0.0021309769,0.031370234,0.03767076,0.003224613,0.0035256303],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.014816461,0.008026343,0.008947499,0.0044716313,0.0027044492,0.0034842088,0.005658519,0.010155193,0.0014382654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007759341,0.0072525144,0.004132533,0.001531994,0.002083201,0.002957484,0.0017827611,0.0038479904,0.0009438343],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0047061625,0.0011538401,0.00023268054,0.0002577585,0.0022935797,0.04956331,0.0013818807,0.00021109365,0.0010961975,0.0018759485,0.9341708,0.003056772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065266257,0.0013332831,0.00077584706,0.0021661867,0.0011350346,0.0150791975,0.00046320233,0.0002618584,0.0053550135,0.006037052,0.9523761,0.008490575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1682251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.11268105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.055544034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016768725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033847913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6996807683","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release second quarter 2020 financial results - TSX (TSXTSX01) News","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Payment; Order (exchange)","score_opus":0.015590341020197511,"score_gpt":0.2585782740697952,"score_spread":0.2429879330495977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6996807683","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018521145,0.0002501238,0.009714883,0.005606518,0.002138035,0.000405407,0.0005463547,0.0010408877,0.98027927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00019273751,0.00006122429,0.048933435,0.013769497,0.0040417733,0.00015754774,0.00073019555,0.0009090598,0.93120456],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956704,0.00052190985,0.0009973788,0.001591293,0.00051626563,0.00070276024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968705,0.00021359201,0.00040902392,0.0016817972,0.000078057354,0.0007470057],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025189845,0.0008155026,0.0009293548,0.00039224586,0.00007466296,0.00013584607,0.00090044085,0.0009911885,0.045053918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00080517825,0.00077096286,0.00031396878,0.0007050282,0.000060433274,0.000089182715,0.00018690799,0.0004953677,0.00639291],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002842154,0.00005630096,0.000010333191,0.000045088644,0.00007555398,0.00008863768,0.00024564777,0.000016814889,0.0003241499,0.0052508796,0.9823595,0.0112428665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011445469,0.00017494941,0.00007941791,0.00006062843,0.00004295132,0.0000070886877,0.00004826737,0.00003574167,0.002059923,0.0007036636,0.9946935,0.00094929984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008536211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01947478,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04907474,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011634307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028060825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994741},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6996890537","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy reports 2011 fourth quarter results | Reuters","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Energy consumption; Term (time)","score_opus":0.024917035201389735,"score_gpt":0.26971052134489565,"score_spread":0.2447934861435059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6996890537","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000023334533,0.00066745107,0.01285413,0.0005085872,0.0045379265,0.00018631038,0.000043246302,0.0011221344,0.98007786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00028031692,0.00010582154,0.07409167,0.00055721373,0.0019834826,0.00008388927,0.0005723469,0.0009478402,0.9213774],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964006,0.00044375152,0.0009670931,0.0010017058,0.00048164066,0.00070518715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995888,0.00011693562,0.00087776897,0.0027102039,0.00007890686,0.00032820218],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008174654,0.0006157449,0.00063879264,0.0005139937,0.000051619358,0.0000686873,0.0004200018,0.00094515824,0.034616288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009972947,0.0005229965,0.00024232527,0.00016911798,0.00008530374,0.00012359083,0.000093965115,0.00028995043,0.002252929],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036402143,0.000059012524,0.00006929664,0.000020298095,0.00016638685,0.00007486043,0.000105956926,0.0000049033742,0.000095501935,0.005148774,0.9863931,0.0078255115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003786264,0.000032817497,0.00008950832,0.000047560065,0.000069440735,0.00009167153,0.000029129036,0.0000100123825,0.0010380477,0.0007643567,0.9967685,0.00068036816],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015305028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019840251,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06123754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009256533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007368472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997222},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7009087151","doi":"","title":"Desarrollo de nuevos aerogeles de aplicación industrial mediante la técnica de liofilización","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"RUIdeRA - Institutional University Repository (University of Castilla-La Mancha)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal insulation; Energy consumption; Energy conservation; Efficient energy use; Production (economics); Soundproofing; Energy demand; Sustainable development","score_opus":0.019314783895895034,"score_gpt":0.2398706743010671,"score_spread":0.22055589040517207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7009087151","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89015085,0.00027403494,0.007174628,0.00020491559,0.0011528891,0.000484805,0.00019855166,0.00034324802,0.1000161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94943225,0.00033428174,0.026358418,0.000048169022,0.0007206294,0.000001726992,0.00070231175,0.000083134364,0.0223191],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958918,0.0012243827,0.00043028346,0.0009417219,0.0007929375,0.00071888644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99676657,0.0005090283,0.0007637501,0.0007483052,0.0006477408,0.00056458474],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009223854,0.0005934444,0.00077885535,0.0007205095,0.0013043428,0.00008897933,0.0012511803,0.0018379702,0.00030825648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030611592,0.0008625281,0.00055150356,0.00066503166,0.0010905362,0.00063412695,0.00021082364,0.001053427,0.000060991126],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.024887623,0.003210528,0.044276085,0.0031790258,0.008774611,0.03045397,0.056070413,0.0175934,0.20754509,0.52292836,0.045483083,0.035597786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007867638,0.0004256157,0.041772716,0.0015182676,0.0021160473,0.002731536,0.017150724,0.0034014478,0.024307016,0.0025345602,0.89345485,0.0027195544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024677038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008828401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8479718,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017869031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0037826628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999958},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015379550","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy reports 2012 second quarter results | eZanga Search Results","year":2012,"lang":"nl","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Energy (signal processing); Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy consumption; Term (time); Data collection","score_opus":0.035111914212847185,"score_gpt":0.29625925581159046,"score_spread":0.26114734159874325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015379550","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00014987416,0.0037987586,0.0032933692,0.0014506683,0.010423574,0.00080901437,0.0011865621,0.0007621562,0.97812605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006373108,0.0003070616,0.0263534,0.000779323,0.0057998393,0.00017662735,0.003621524,0.0013253883,0.95526373],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9835877,0.003593725,0.004512782,0.0035395785,0.0018641433,0.0029020726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9871582,0.0011337071,0.0022968159,0.007198827,0.0007161315,0.00149632],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0072492207,0.001997209,0.0020351303,0.001433101,0.00036244417,0.00046390246,0.0013538381,0.0033629586,0.23081283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008181835,0.0018267797,0.00080670405,0.0011170309,0.00045575175,0.0007985841,0.00049082784,0.0016980447,0.027231777],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010300042,0.000517345,0.00009831248,0.00016641949,0.0007372185,0.0003773234,0.0009756684,0.000030039488,0.0013791879,0.003500469,0.9814064,0.009781651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028736235,0.00023577696,0.0009754027,0.00023012083,0.00021138898,0.00039968354,0.0003304183,0.000059989048,0.016302962,0.00047857247,0.9757478,0.0021542648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010043068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032671802,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20358105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005077888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059150165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99927706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015406211","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release third quarter 2014 financial results&amp;amp;lt;SU.TO&amp;amp;gt;","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Term (time); Energy consumption; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.028030089645503953,"score_gpt":0.2919988511454654,"score_spread":0.26396876149996146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015406211","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00012723397,0.00027981287,0.2577641,0.0024547917,0.0035578206,0.0007049953,0.00040594387,0.0015266537,0.7331786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00013729253,0.00007773638,0.22197215,0.0067669246,0.003997048,0.00039046927,0.001589799,0.0011441543,0.7639244],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99096954,0.00146824,0.0018962976,0.0026801534,0.0012978378,0.0016879267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99126947,0.00060065556,0.00081395917,0.0055496227,0.0004347937,0.0013315098],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017456353,0.0016316988,0.0017580985,0.0015813484,0.00022978745,0.00036870106,0.0019782125,0.0020608564,0.019578489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002730289,0.0015100181,0.0006220527,0.001052028,0.00016394704,0.0001458308,0.00038086504,0.00080692885,0.10269755],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004888969,0.00016562198,0.000022868671,0.00006168627,0.00013243798,0.000006407135,0.00043870215,0.0002203026,0.0026072853,0.010917654,0.97712076,0.007817376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001326238,0.00008997477,0.00010298821,0.0001940971,0.00011864419,0.000017839056,0.000009352734,0.0000088691695,0.000559439,0.001196551,0.9943738,0.002002233],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013460349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06821636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08311906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032833387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003669177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015407911","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release second quarter 2020 financial results","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Term (time); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.014569733509909658,"score_gpt":0.25598850164220993,"score_spread":0.2414187681323003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015407911","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008799033,0.00016127898,0.009589013,0.002767841,0.0015629805,0.00024841164,0.00042165528,0.0008175277,0.9844225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002539791,0.000026764075,0.0443193,0.00705442,0.00287692,0.00010339854,0.00048602326,0.0006761942,0.944203],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99701804,0.0003406158,0.00066086586,0.0011310371,0.0003692477,0.00048016818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99789107,0.00011325797,0.00025708854,0.0011743853,0.000056242396,0.0005079351],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002061097,0.00055108,0.00063448003,0.00027167317,0.000047591187,0.00008012807,0.00062492746,0.0007069271,0.04072934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047320625,0.00051847287,0.00020227306,0.0004997827,0.000039780774,0.000050710074,0.00012309758,0.00033446238,0.0054566204],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018098345,0.000033194105,0.0000029583127,0.000031246207,0.000050802384,0.00005961452,0.00017824983,0.0000105946765,0.00036513765,0.007289482,0.98380864,0.007989119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000761753,0.00011681714,0.00006115336,0.000043446456,0.000026873593,0.000005290962,0.000023564487,0.000035804118,0.0024411408,0.0005040535,0.99532485,0.0006552588],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033412918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00809855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.040219497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007402787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017848508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015640019","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release fourth quarter 2018 financial results","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Term (time); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.018551217504308447,"score_gpt":0.26665933803109065,"score_spread":0.24810812052678222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015640019","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008454603,0.00011380351,0.030311571,0.0009914599,0.0030713214,0.00032373655,0.00018628822,0.0006508155,0.96434253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00013871366,0.000036364934,0.0562884,0.0022878596,0.0019490478,0.00008628789,0.00026405638,0.0006813847,0.9382679],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970139,0.00033673548,0.00060629065,0.001035429,0.00043420878,0.000573406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99720323,0.00013357335,0.00029281146,0.0019839972,0.00008501022,0.00030139802],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003433853,0.00054758065,0.0006113909,0.00054281205,0.000043174794,0.00007233876,0.00064876175,0.0008315017,0.005651487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036889524,0.000484359,0.00020200611,0.00034315957,0.000040955947,0.000058243513,0.00010752725,0.00025395598,0.013460647],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016051464,0.00004857912,0.000006258539,0.000020674572,0.000043033062,0.000012156591,0.00008801373,0.00005331577,0.00010623816,0.014769576,0.9746191,0.010072538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092126994,0.00012940871,0.00006350574,0.00007836935,0.000028698263,0.0000041019052,0.000016743408,0.000051690986,0.0007924581,0.000455039,0.99678934,0.00066940155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012847567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005120485,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026074663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010920427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019583871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7037810478","doi":"","title":"Fellas, Is It Ace to Not Get the Girl?: Asexual and Aromantic readings of fantastical coming of age in George MacDonald’s “Phantastes” and J. M. Barrie’s “Peter and Wendy” (“Peter Pan”)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Asexuality; Human sexuality; Fantasy; Asexual reproduction; George (robot); Unsaid; Popular culture; Victorian era; Monster","score_opus":0.04433503869986534,"score_gpt":0.32800222324083156,"score_spread":0.28366718454096623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7037810478","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98993546,0.00029265846,0.00048042543,0.0010002784,0.000086480126,0.0005925942,0.0005923935,0.000014000858,0.007005724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854181,0.00045632414,0.008886011,0.000057789195,0.00003128881,0.0000042995325,0.00031411505,0.000050289214,0.0047818017],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968067,0.00087013096,0.00038548268,0.0007120645,0.00074624806,0.0004793868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996987,0.0019413335,0.00017759288,0.00043867226,0.00021553978,0.00023988193],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016913717,0.00028267177,0.0006404923,0.0010687272,0.00018083854,0.000056797548,0.0005288491,0.00020432666,0.00015570158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005064063,0.0002758929,0.000085902735,0.0004960591,0.0008901956,0.00014635624,0.00058399816,0.00087014213,0.000014453988],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.007521006,0.00036642517,0.01011703,0.007852491,0.0012323268,0.0009484252,0.25460678,0.000019097786,0.6325054,0.04441252,0.011998606,0.028419888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005502756,0.0021598816,0.75850624,0.0047542755,0.00072493404,0.00014235027,0.08873669,0.0053604296,0.054465372,0.018980708,0.058757152,0.0019092024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019340875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042259186,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74838924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049104347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001328137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043361512","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy reports second quarter 2017 results – WorldNews","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Energy consumption; Field (mathematics); Term (time)","score_opus":0.031990067499016006,"score_gpt":0.3021012373646499,"score_spread":0.2701111698656339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043361512","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000026342732,0.000638628,0.0018983742,0.0003073285,0.004425302,0.00021743501,0.00010443958,0.00080455584,0.9916013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002697389,0.00009958314,0.01987174,0.00041255512,0.0018618047,0.00009956729,0.00062697986,0.00080648984,0.97595155],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99637145,0.00034611064,0.0008711586,0.0013599118,0.0004546636,0.00059667777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99262655,0.00011110662,0.0016820765,0.005198181,0.00009871389,0.0002833517],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082615664,0.0006781504,0.00082892674,0.00053236535,0.00015563815,0.00025040537,0.00083399477,0.00097027456,0.033276062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030027216,0.0005860769,0.0002883266,0.00010114419,0.00014275896,0.00014225788,0.00013440833,0.00035076926,0.0011156609],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031996256,0.00003833139,0.000021739492,0.000026324762,0.00015906469,0.00029039945,0.00005773937,0.0000017634254,0.0001374387,0.002132096,0.98754126,0.009561839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005240693,0.000028785884,0.00009289178,0.000116123374,0.000043475364,0.00011247076,0.000012973322,0.0000088196775,0.0013584192,0.0015178873,0.99543464,0.00074941275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011665848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.037458558,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0321604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008376747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001494455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996621},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043461692","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy reports second quarter results - NYSE (NYSE0001) News","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); High energy","score_opus":0.016247277799650694,"score_gpt":0.2659511468881872,"score_spread":0.24970386908853653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043461692","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001426063,0.0003391083,0.010780649,0.00036064736,0.0031856317,0.00023307014,0.000062804356,0.0012582392,0.9837656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005898985,0.000047384892,0.029226776,0.0015602463,0.0021565245,0.00010973093,0.000778887,0.001167239,0.96436334],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99525815,0.0006795579,0.0013833736,0.001499176,0.000519039,0.0006607145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949174,0.00021182328,0.0011283075,0.0033054834,0.00010241845,0.000334558],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008227968,0.0007708281,0.00094039785,0.00058057345,0.00006478939,0.0001462559,0.000520827,0.001201159,0.07076539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025352387,0.00066411664,0.00031251594,0.0002838076,0.00010167161,0.00009196543,0.00009729962,0.0003697308,0.0021635129],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042217183,0.000053514297,0.000037384372,0.000040194634,0.00015074493,0.00010407325,0.00008678428,0.000009358421,0.00025198035,0.0045970203,0.98716843,0.0074583166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006837313,0.00006221955,0.000050374663,0.0000660164,0.000052225078,0.00010061537,0.000038525734,0.000036067056,0.0017316401,0.0020841756,0.99425495,0.00083947286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013608363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018744726,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.068601884,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009621061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119098506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999581},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043535028","doi":"","title":"Studying evaporation from Ottawa sand with mixed wettabilities under a simulated solar flux with forced convection: Experimental apparatus design and evaporation rates","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"K-State Research Exchange (Kansas State University)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Texas State University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Evaporation; Relative humidity; Inlet; Water content; Flux (metallurgy); Hydrology (agriculture); Irrigation; Moisture; Aquifer; Humidity","score_opus":0.10168078591695626,"score_gpt":0.339874018823121,"score_spread":0.23819323290616476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043535028","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96731985,0.0009258803,0.02314035,0.00009976907,0.00046940328,0.005146548,0.00026331583,0.0007036815,0.001931182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88736695,0.00085079286,0.003927277,0.00001942132,0.00014756827,0.00021831362,0.011873779,0.00046079495,0.095135085],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99163026,0.0036354212,0.00062085973,0.0015567222,0.0015105334,0.0010461833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951016,0.0015347797,0.0005222732,0.00076059287,0.0016868128,0.0003939481],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019873346,0.00080578995,0.0009098756,0.0020548792,0.0012052731,0.00060511316,0.00045871592,0.00043663787,0.0002614357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013697852,0.0007653326,0.000097098105,0.0024902788,0.00042847492,0.0012232444,0.000107113265,0.0010063404,0.00007829086],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.07151951,0.0021394223,0.0018255338,0.011897417,0.011043369,0.0031154538,0.37443015,0.31124133,0.19670035,0.0024659096,0.0039071306,0.009714426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01669838,0.0057167625,0.002844953,0.0032212287,0.00097228045,0.000021386732,0.3141623,0.043563217,0.59717757,0.0044810018,0.006977216,0.004163675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0063870023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008152331,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40047723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000986646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068606896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043591697","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release second quarter 2014 financial results&amp;amp;lt;SU.TO&amp;amp;gt;","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Work (physics); Term (time); Energy consumption","score_opus":0.02617603726598986,"score_gpt":0.2868780354426547,"score_spread":0.26070199817666484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043591697","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00031171727,0.00030475375,0.19253045,0.0016109488,0.0037579476,0.0007485581,0.00073874084,0.0012808398,0.79871607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00020585992,0.00004130803,0.18472748,0.0067048008,0.0038377454,0.00037794275,0.0019338976,0.0012546844,0.80091625],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9915402,0.0013051712,0.0018414197,0.0026241187,0.0010705226,0.0016185505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99176776,0.00056049466,0.00078801496,0.005164684,0.000390775,0.0013282925],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015399135,0.0015709075,0.0017019358,0.0015633854,0.00020775264,0.0003588425,0.0017678684,0.0019304951,0.07803485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019118618,0.0014930129,0.0005727785,0.00092334446,0.00015281817,0.00014915483,0.00033945774,0.00075707526,0.09497481],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004027669,0.00014554331,0.000017789405,0.00007748107,0.000137794,0.000006209105,0.00040989683,0.00013084024,0.0035296087,0.00678075,0.97961503,0.008746275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014220619,0.000085095446,0.000110980385,0.00015333749,0.000096789016,0.000020288362,0.0000090520525,0.0000066832404,0.0008210615,0.0009651611,0.99433446,0.0019750155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007720474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.11272529,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10500482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031321394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035482598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997039},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7071270244","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release third quarter 2014 financial results - Commodities (COMMODIT) News","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Term (time); Production (economics); Energy consumption; Consumption (sociology)","score_opus":0.01938855443294068,"score_gpt":0.26358863596970705,"score_spread":0.24420008153676637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7071270244","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000017843786,0.00019310463,0.048096605,0.002095971,0.0028166706,0.0003431318,0.00037658244,0.001261382,0.9447987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00058508775,0.000092067196,0.032667816,0.0063787927,0.0040249927,0.0002367821,0.0009416874,0.0008337483,0.954239],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99524295,0.0010461377,0.001064733,0.0012286123,0.00060882006,0.0008087731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956321,0.00040837633,0.0005334564,0.0027996928,0.00013501314,0.00049134647],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006522846,0.0008934201,0.0011045546,0.0007431693,0.00013698828,0.00017695251,0.0011914492,0.0011709705,0.0057686754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005306474,0.00080131827,0.00032720424,0.00029603904,0.00013784278,0.00009912639,0.00020527255,0.0005005697,0.007815724],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002033047,0.00007168417,0.000017472743,0.000036513145,0.000056172445,0.000010466242,0.00017169597,0.00009060706,0.00004060297,0.03868771,0.9544405,0.0061733173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001081585,0.00016880772,0.00009613755,0.00011488955,0.000048816513,0.000006337367,0.00005062906,0.00010144934,0.0005944496,0.0027046304,0.9939949,0.0010373626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03923996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.038637206,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03955445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014121746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018187541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99944377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7071681027","doi":"","title":"Suncor Energy to release second quarter 2014 financial results - Commodities (COMMODIT) News","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Financial market; Production (economics); Energy consumption; Term (time)","score_opus":0.01796780286971007,"score_gpt":0.25813742325040573,"score_spread":0.24016962038069567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7071681027","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000043212665,0.00019391257,0.028520707,0.0012053737,0.0027482428,0.00033739384,0.00066728645,0.0009697404,0.96531415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008750791,0.000041921336,0.023514666,0.0059153894,0.003617973,0.00021430461,0.0010696909,0.0008807231,0.9638702],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955636,0.00092788093,0.001031294,0.0012036463,0.000498364,0.0007751787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99588984,0.00038032906,0.00051537313,0.002602473,0.00012089275,0.00049108715],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057189254,0.0008597236,0.0010664372,0.00073513493,0.00012328388,0.00017180438,0.00106151,0.0010948947,0.030135637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035969072,0.00079304795,0.00030005645,0.0002588923,0.00012799846,0.00010146041,0.00018226143,0.0004686181,0.0071687987],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016903716,0.00006339438,0.000013308687,0.00004813697,0.00005929845,0.000010265111,0.00016115054,0.00004838209,0.000059639213,0.023618292,0.9686126,0.0071364613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001161111,0.00015961209,0.00010685591,0.00008913677,0.000038684324,0.0000072686807,0.0000476679,0.00007180128,0.0009283744,0.0021376342,0.9942281,0.0010237354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020676123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07063241,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04995629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013446408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017543859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99945205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7083578569","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120565","title":"Advancing predictive modeling in conventional solar stills: a deep learning approach leveraging data augmentation and convolutional neural networks","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia; King Abdulaziz University","keywords":"Kriging; Convolutional neural network; Gaussian process; Artificial neural network; Hyperparameter; Deep learning; Multilayer perceptron; Mean squared error; Kernel (algebra)","score_opus":0.02581129381472135,"score_gpt":0.26817967649926466,"score_spread":0.2423683826845433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7083578569","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016151207,0.0010883785,0.97920734,0.0002012336,0.00031472667,0.00018136112,0.000002490918,0.000089203946,0.0027640534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807696,0.00097100274,0.016217424,0.0004071872,0.000041272302,0.00004789188,0.0005636663,0.000015707621,0.00096625206],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983245,0.00028571006,0.00031765987,0.0006052192,0.00020433411,0.0002625715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947125,0.00008443673,0.000086192355,0.00024148487,0.00004662095,0.00007000751],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006856347,0.00017327408,0.00017832621,0.00031475385,0.00023638937,0.000072382194,0.00018465029,0.000075704775,0.000035416677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030643838,0.0001915284,0.00002562549,0.00024272126,0.000058695667,0.00041375987,0.0005071826,0.00018524361,7.088097e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013111123,0.00005219352,0.0021367061,0.00008957922,0.00012112774,0.0000067316855,0.00024550647,0.92681587,0.000046029778,0.026336469,0.00014730071,0.04387135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016744859,0.000016393069,0.0023195713,0.000060020808,0.000056902536,0.0000030048059,0.0017291262,0.985898,0.000020206006,0.0006794035,0.0073812595,0.00016161165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003009491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026680436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9646184,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012012159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014520734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7810301},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084274549","doi":"","title":"Preface","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TU/e Research Portal","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Anna University; University of Waterloo; University of California, Irvine; Universität Salzburg; Aalborg Universitet; Dalhousie University; Oulun Yliopisto; Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; Università degli Studi di Padova; University of Twente; University of Wollongong","keywords":"","score_opus":0.23527533915230345,"score_gpt":0.4458608330896949,"score_spread":0.21058549393739143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7084274549","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34005773,0.00059032365,0.0024765274,0.014298505,0.00029825035,0.0007538049,0.000030563107,0.0007567238,0.6407376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856821,0.000032331376,0.007081136,0.00029081048,0.00048854697,0.00006312571,0.000039343875,0.000053139072,0.0062694764],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99715006,0.00063038094,0.00027041265,0.00043575032,0.0009119183,0.00060145214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985876,0.00021599204,0.000039880524,0.0004895176,0.0002217471,0.00044527563],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001493512,0.000122025784,0.00016826448,0.00010885544,0.00014460733,0.000085261905,0.0005087327,0.00010575963,0.005604142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011745448,0.0001137105,0.0000712292,0.00065008487,0.00014978184,0.00016917182,0.00017898378,0.00060322986,0.0034524503],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051914895,0.0004455941,0.017053328,0.00028948294,0.0003372605,0.0011248348,0.011320678,0.0009479085,0.28875697,0.21147625,0.37400472,0.09372382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006979733,0.00024555088,0.008329065,0.000014976728,0.000008530319,0.000021536502,0.00094265933,0.0017833493,0.09918673,0.003954566,0.8844716,0.0003434565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026228055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019893681,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64562434,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027725433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001419894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99732345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100025908","doi":"","title":"(Great Britain)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Identification (biology); Product (mathematics)","score_opus":0.08528767392337411,"score_gpt":0.32159346620356194,"score_spread":0.23630579228018783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100025908","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04639964,0.00011630955,0.024548078,0.0011411624,0.00047256664,0.00008023672,0.0000011228733,0.00045863245,0.92678225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.70444614,0.0000038863723,0.1801156,0.0010707155,0.0002901567,0.000023851138,0.00001760694,0.000039736668,0.11399232],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992749,0.00011447209,0.00013368015,0.00016204041,0.00015367872,0.00016123641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993339,0.000040012717,0.000022146764,0.00035883166,0.00009218337,0.0001528996],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037908254,0.000074962125,0.000088631954,0.00004626002,0.000018793118,0.000035274898,0.00015377595,0.000059635782,0.0010794667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017985431,0.00006392358,0.00003144712,0.00013484126,0.000024635385,0.00011075979,0.000031355077,0.000057235557,0.0022654687],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000070668,0.00012277432,0.017704045,0.000011870968,0.00007940449,0.000035474543,0.0021644616,0.00085423357,0.0059546377,0.608582,0.18666573,0.1777547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005033577,0.000030706204,0.0021752515,0.0000020386103,0.000007265299,0.000017991044,0.00023735766,0.0005325033,0.022467474,0.024866663,0.94898856,0.00017083346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064366474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049914404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8127899,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042620308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030196494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7105981367","doi":"10.7939/83478","title":"Interfacial Evaporation Systems for Volumetric Reduction of Complex Particle-laden Suspensions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"University of Alberta Library","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dewatering; Evaporation; Renewable energy; Evaporator; Tailings; Brine; Moisture; Wastewater","score_opus":0.03585224660252752,"score_gpt":0.25965794209848464,"score_spread":0.22380569549595714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7105981367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93526053,0.0005644241,0.0022521792,0.00043341995,0.0027720828,0.0015465785,0.00010550453,0.00014769593,0.056917585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79856646,0.0001221604,0.006161543,0.0000069430084,0.00011055304,0.000003437537,0.00775064,0.000042268097,0.187236],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986386,0.00023131007,0.000432689,0.00034809162,0.00018912432,0.00016019112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983801,0.0003329564,0.0005899135,0.00039708673,0.00023572135,0.00006421899],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011687457,0.0001905444,0.00046052676,0.000552547,0.00012786781,0.000025870151,0.0003789239,0.00034815804,0.0004397424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015638398,0.00024141913,0.00019499157,0.00068893883,0.0000573977,0.0005373491,0.000049418457,0.00014197874,0.000014499561],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.014681677,0.0021338433,0.0091498215,0.009430325,0.003978223,0.000016072543,0.07255404,0.01633223,0.12580067,0.42911676,0.27489275,0.041913617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008511043,0.0012866473,0.032984503,0.0026733512,0.0033451496,0.000018253566,0.07808924,0.06448988,0.24777956,0.006646387,0.5514303,0.0027457129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042831274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005649657,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42247036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049737606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002394092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98447865},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7114923527","doi":"10.17863/cam.123904","title":"Floatable carbon nitride-plastic composite for paired photocatalysis at the liquid-liquid interface","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Cambridge Trust; Royal Academy of Engineering; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Carbon fibers; Composite number; Aqueous solution; Catalysis; Fabrication; Biomass (ecology); Lignin","score_opus":0.01395890983350662,"score_gpt":0.244408221236668,"score_spread":0.23044931140316138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7114923527","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93141,0.00040352973,0.054839477,0.0011419159,0.00048145538,0.0005603226,0.00010138958,0.00013614129,0.010925759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9596653,0.000038012244,0.002872741,0.000110531524,0.00003417192,0.000006974284,0.00011027337,0.00002665526,0.037135333],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984416,0.00025275172,0.00026723396,0.00045101452,0.000230081,0.00035736745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978504,0.000779042,0.00021191359,0.00084135,0.00022582275,0.0000914379],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051577075,0.00022728022,0.00042125562,0.00026021633,0.00041993987,0.000023675919,0.0007389058,0.00014773635,0.000091846014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014903591,0.00023433173,0.00027472238,0.00067245815,0.00026728434,0.00014947295,0.00033424026,0.00015624597,0.000047587633],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.009471376,0.00026871104,0.0008511091,0.00036665876,0.0015335763,0.000015491225,0.0026102592,0.010735606,0.9472721,0.0061243777,0.018658012,0.002092695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026988185,0.0003582139,0.0014414797,0.00012745986,0.00081935816,0.0000067146216,0.002087035,0.011523983,0.8185795,0.0000588107,0.16180712,0.0004914998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0076865777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006815731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14314911,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025794745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000107718595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99892133},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7115730924","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119786","title":"Closed-loop air recirculation architecture for alkaline urine dehydration and water recovery using regenerable superabsorbent polymers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Metabolomics Innovation Centre; Tezpur University; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet; Vetenskapsrådet","keywords":"Alkalinity; Dehydration; Evaporation; Superabsorbent polymer; Desiccant; Moisture; Nitrogen; Potassium; Sodium","score_opus":0.022967086017840543,"score_gpt":0.2942239427314521,"score_spread":0.27125685671361155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7115730924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6205595,0.00019740948,0.3758805,0.0015468795,0.00053326285,0.0005117221,0.000012952687,0.00011890743,0.0006388396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92552507,0.00003131399,0.06894098,0.0005229676,0.00024767313,0.0001163429,0.0011274331,0.00004894988,0.0034392946],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838984,0.00026952644,0.0004515694,0.00043940605,0.00018028475,0.0002693477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915946,0.00013634203,0.000102135935,0.0003115081,0.00023628713,0.00005425941],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077836687,0.0002009995,0.0002080151,0.00041942456,0.00026863065,0.00007703516,0.00009663539,0.00020931868,0.000054693253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019335496,0.00018103333,0.000077703844,0.00028339186,0.000036064794,0.0003131923,0.000031457756,0.00012268487,0.0000054304855],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023763916,0.00007525081,0.0005826645,0.0001248202,0.00009052322,8.76998e-7,0.00058710953,0.10639806,0.77584636,0.015534205,0.00015488942,0.100367606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015930376,0.00007836655,0.0032688808,0.00006797294,0.00012512806,0.000008374078,0.000075145355,0.113718234,0.8249685,0.027858056,0.027880756,0.00035751547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035433794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012301386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3069395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019361093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045416415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7382325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117539303","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104460","title":"Experimental investigation and performance optimization of a double slope solar still integrated with nanoparticles in phase change materials","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Solar still; Exergy; Sustainability; Solar energy; Payback period; Exergy efficiency; Distilled water; Nanofluid; Photovoltaic system","score_opus":0.028753645336592467,"score_gpt":0.28472634841965283,"score_spread":0.25597270308306036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117539303","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990337,0.00030063736,0.00030984243,0.00004316814,0.000050302177,0.00019161693,0.0000010817753,0.000037843143,0.000031836116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988471,0.000012556342,0.011402946,0.000010007748,0.000007265138,0.000082561826,0.000002985718,0.000006067829,0.000004635118],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942553,0.000019058794,0.00014026673,0.00015513982,0.00011332134,0.00014665989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999773,0.000007903604,0.00003778452,0.00008642922,0.00005624932,0.000038633672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046795994,0.00008031082,0.00010274815,0.00014635791,0.000041608964,0.000057551588,0.000085419,0.000027040176,0.000008428132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010475348,0.00006310739,0.0000029690693,0.0005086207,0.00022763721,0.00046832868,0.00003356944,0.000034348708,1.9533088e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017464474,0.00004139611,0.0038403666,0.0000662862,0.000004799472,7.542086e-7,0.0028113986,0.016906958,0.9617984,0.00061117613,1.4157808e-7,0.013743632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007489791,0.00009918716,0.016586686,0.00009571787,0.0000038498306,0.0000015981295,0.000098054166,0.08461533,0.8976584,0.0000020788136,0.000018280833,0.00007184046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009011778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013412797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.067708366,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027637896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029035387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25734445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117759018","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116670","title":"Solar interfacial evaporators: from regulatory mechanisms to emerging applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National University's Basic Research Foundation of China; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Desalination; Evaporation; Solar energy; Renewable energy; Concentrated solar power; Process (computing)","score_opus":0.013563173418364716,"score_gpt":0.2840618882493318,"score_spread":0.2704987148309671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117759018","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016259894,0.03191121,0.9382759,0.0007718076,0.0003205303,0.00087713945,0.000009310209,0.00024852893,0.025959596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.22366983,0.029838808,0.22058456,0.013808863,0.001764729,0.011154699,0.00066429185,0.00043091967,0.49808332],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970156,0.00047193086,0.000816279,0.0008102528,0.00019874482,0.0006871904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99809515,0.00010606888,0.00019657893,0.0011071461,0.00024464238,0.00025040167],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013710206,0.0003705538,0.0006963054,0.0004092315,0.0004906784,0.00018045996,0.00046301362,0.00021620568,0.0002469252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024123023,0.00035284535,0.00014512044,0.0012441439,0.00004988159,0.00028840537,0.00033764172,0.00014449882,0.00004494454],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006719763,0.00011860264,0.00011242463,0.00042070934,0.00016390966,0.000014826834,0.0005168912,0.00341268,0.026075924,0.6597091,0.020977184,0.28841054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002300975,0.00002345009,0.00002396988,0.000101319696,0.00006733894,0.0000012118095,0.0008290142,0.0001857549,0.0349327,0.10288471,0.8604167,0.00030372673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0071407794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035832,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8394395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023367147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018720342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117981808","doi":"10.1007/978-981-96-7826-6_14","title":"Cold Climate Aquaculture in a Greenhouse Integrated with Thin-Film Photovoltaic and Earth Air Heat Exchanger","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Springer proceedings in energy","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse; Heat exchanger; Photovoltaic system; Airflow; Geothermal energy; Thermal; Solar energy; Greenhouse gas; Geothermal gradient","score_opus":0.012848042705180859,"score_gpt":0.22924411352308094,"score_spread":0.21639607081790008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117981808","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04218404,0.006989047,0.00045976622,0.0004639751,0.0008957073,0.0017766316,0.00014127491,0.001432528,0.945657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.074170016,0.010708974,0.052230924,0.0031282732,0.0007212531,0.0013030361,0.00029339103,0.001124574,0.85631955],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961065,0.000044689794,0.0009207095,0.0015122152,0.00053687836,0.0008789932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985389,0.00009407469,0.00031854442,0.00047711516,0.00036155558,0.00020978966],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067629525,0.001065679,0.0011704128,0.001374562,0.00011713156,0.00016498026,0.0005504581,0.0011937516,0.00021456282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007942482,0.0009268837,0.00013361507,0.00056905515,0.00024021273,0.000360272,0.00034361106,0.0013664166,0.000019473258],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016101887,0.0003467731,0.006255017,0.0019717226,0.0006361294,0.00045791973,0.006036508,0.001921241,0.03435302,0.92531073,0.0036160385,0.01748471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024835886,0.00024008,0.00090715924,0.0035210764,0.00013191834,0.000058871257,0.00029607612,0.0031128442,0.030103836,0.0053569865,0.95189154,0.0018960091],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028310805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0057943976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9482755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033173957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014679584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7133076206","doi":"","title":"The Effect of Ambient Humidity on Evaporation of Ethanol-Water Solutions","year":2024,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Evaporation; Relative humidity; Humidity; Evaporative cooler; Critical relative humidity; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Air humidity; Mass transfer","score_opus":0.035703276146570505,"score_gpt":0.3763758535295859,"score_spread":0.34067257738301543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7133076206","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704993,0.0026632175,0.002054331,0.0013150295,0.008098069,0.0020251335,0.00006141162,0.00015301227,0.013130538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9705214,0.00041637968,0.00030211883,0.000012940642,0.00025615352,0.00032211823,0.0011594448,0.00014955779,0.026859883],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99286944,0.0028886977,0.0014465976,0.000887903,0.0011311028,0.0007762376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99517703,0.0014439562,0.000933322,0.0017275363,0.00058547594,0.00013266517],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004778857,0.0007355528,0.00093748805,0.0004567719,0.0005714726,0.0001274988,0.0006855266,0.0008619551,0.0005521474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008079597,0.00047513368,0.000654158,0.00068618637,0.0003229001,0.000119073666,0.00012860254,0.0010241239,0.00058090885],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019174585,0.00024111448,0.00008263919,0.0026025742,0.00092803285,0.0000052135824,0.04594778,0.007465946,0.914034,0.014247835,0.0018144108,0.0107129915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00054126343,0.0012865926,0.0006428283,0.00058407424,0.00070825964,0.0000022198292,0.0020570515,0.0015937141,0.98006487,0.0019155453,0.010177539,0.00042604853],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015022648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003763946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06603086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027937558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017822972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977005},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W85240683","doi":"10.5006/c2004-04078","title":"Unique Chemistry and Control Technology Merge to Improve Cooling Water Performance and Control","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nalcor Energy (Canada); Nalco (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Merge (version control); Water chemistry; Control (management); Corrosion; Computer science; Process engineering; Chemistry; Materials science; Engineering; Metallurgy; Environmental chemistry; Artificial intelligence; Parallel computing","score_opus":0.005047552709242357,"score_gpt":0.22912363385371454,"score_spread":0.22407608114447217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W85240683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9233605,0.00014528524,0.07110004,0.0028446657,0.00008503998,0.00031264088,0.000006500998,0.00025200163,0.0018932829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839483,0.00004019532,0.01410654,0.0007381534,0.00005783333,0.00010421799,0.0000039020438,0.000028318997,0.00097255403],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988614,0.00003399792,0.00027151208,0.0003787822,0.00008780756,0.00036651065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934596,0.00003935244,0.000040415558,0.00034049613,0.00009597208,0.0001378347],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034383583,0.00018847811,0.00026545118,0.00006946618,0.00010345208,0.00003985881,0.0001412688,0.00023351093,0.00011611829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000751904,0.0001410833,0.00002237489,0.00010661278,0.00010296138,0.000111550566,0.00005380511,0.00019394464,0.000034788365],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010555129,0.000018961196,0.0013938306,0.000034971457,0.000042521362,0.0000032348153,0.00022758917,0.0004257274,0.98851883,0.0014890188,0.000009678592,0.0077300523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029074855,0.000071878494,0.00064798957,0.00001435984,0.000025479712,0.000035249588,0.00009463652,0.0011940643,0.9849899,0.0013110491,0.008470103,0.0002378192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012714852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011152824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060587745,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004654194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021724469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.575321},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}