{"meta":{"query_hash":"72fd93687c12","filters":{"topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses"},"cohort_total":619,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":619,"exported":619,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/72fd93687c12","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?topic=Welding+Techniques+and+Residual+Stresses"},"results":[{"id":"W1029725353","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-9500-0_7","title":"Time-Domain Distortion Characterization of Electromagnetic Field Sensors Using Hermite–Gauss Subspaces","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Time domain; Electric-field integral equation; Distortion (music); Mathematical analysis; Electromagnetic field; Frequency domain; Waveform; Mathematics; Physics; Integral equation; Computer science; Voltage; Bandwidth (computing); Telecommunications","score_opus":0.007274623646670424,"score_gpt":0.19143335739958564,"score_spread":0.18415873375291522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1029725353","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.57951397,0.00048248356,0.0046396703,0.00006842502,0.00027380607,0.00067570305,0.000038466293,0.0009993439,0.4133081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2442919,0.0026371137,0.008059593,0.000051818348,0.0006580228,0.000026732996,0.0004041506,0.00039917062,0.7434715],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920124,0.0000076026845,0.00029657583,0.00016668726,0.00015703886,0.00017086531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995604,0.00002867547,0.00011552466,0.00020577812,0.000046231915,0.000043387903],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035820147,0.000257504,0.00030867502,0.00012958083,0.000030713334,0.000023424163,0.00010218985,0.00035490034,0.0022381435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004204312,0.00023595024,0.000088521854,0.000030077223,0.000035065812,0.0000751299,0.000024576517,0.00017614877,0.000041861298],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016970796,0.000019427349,0.000014553861,0.0007465687,0.00017305827,0.000014776008,0.00010761136,0.00088453543,0.9846517,0.0030656045,0.005545267,0.004759923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002928892,0.00057944556,0.0002865579,0.0014668353,0.0002264474,0.0000478022,0.0000122219135,0.009934502,0.92326176,0.0040187654,0.058065567,0.0018072102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032098582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000049598893,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3352221,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057425852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009518962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998674},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W139131022","doi":"","title":"A hysteresis approach of thermal expansion effect on residual stresses due to welding","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"international conference on Modelling and simulation","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Hysteresis; Welding; Thermal expansion; Cooling curve; Composite material; Carbon steel; Stress (linguistics); Metallurgy","score_opus":0.04586257436311247,"score_gpt":0.2973936445746506,"score_spread":0.25153107021153814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W139131022","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7474852,0.000016871638,0.24716571,0.000024399034,0.00008298679,0.000110194684,0.000007488891,0.00009044216,0.0050166966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99695235,0.000019782747,0.0028554816,0.000013573365,0.00009539499,0.000005597041,0.000015552305,0.000015892496,0.00002636871],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992146,0.000020191563,0.00020974319,0.00017201445,0.00025845444,0.00012500091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995077,0.00022619363,0.000039828006,0.000100629775,0.00007787422,0.000047726215],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002189297,0.00013024255,0.00014184763,0.00019204624,0.0000452702,0.000041052113,0.000104912746,0.00008171324,0.000012415568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024645677,0.000110517205,0.000028462993,0.000061333085,0.000014648693,0.0000682778,0.000019399204,0.00011124911,0.0000021387443],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015161377,0.000020951853,0.00014419225,0.000037871894,0.000017240576,0.000002518115,0.00017012184,0.9854564,0.0036094158,0.0012883322,0.000009535599,0.009091794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017248055,0.00021669941,0.00062664394,0.00027597952,0.00000660817,8.259938e-7,0.000038028105,0.90571046,0.09241022,0.00038580652,0.00003204595,0.00012423098],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033172004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027946946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24946715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026999614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004764401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45067605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1499455855","doi":"","title":"Thresholding techniques and their performance evaluation for weld defect detection in radiographic testing","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Conference on Computer Vision and Graphics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Thresholding; Histogram; Radiographic testing; Artificial intelligence; Radiography; Computer science; Welding; Computer vision; Nondestructive testing; Balanced histogram thresholding; Pattern recognition (psychology); Engineering; Radiology; Image (mathematics); Histogram matching; Medicine","score_opus":0.03500177808870974,"score_gpt":0.28023521308502636,"score_spread":0.2452334349963166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1499455855","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.969287,0.00020036157,0.028611377,0.00010911088,0.00018658419,0.00029712784,0.000006183469,0.0002275773,0.0010746765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959202,0.00050344836,0.00336124,0.000024382274,0.00011858784,0.000048226677,0.000010604234,0.000011102293,0.0000022148124],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994095,0.00001635224,0.00016613671,0.00017642279,0.00012564252,0.00010592977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996587,0.00011035223,0.000034266995,0.00006334457,0.00011275712,0.000020549578],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002775683,0.00012704976,0.00010033694,0.0003538625,0.00007524901,0.00010691649,0.000081214006,0.000078620746,0.0000022708762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000087943035,0.00010424868,0.000033788918,0.00015418328,0.00003551967,0.00012318214,0.000026733835,0.00013047001,1.1115235e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006615319,0.000050491493,0.008591337,0.00009600237,0.00003012688,0.0000026649875,0.00006251332,0.0037855308,0.005519913,0.009087783,0.00020652263,0.972501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003008904,0.00026941812,0.023450997,0.00035677373,0.000005232698,0.000018818308,0.000006463384,0.94818866,0.016926179,0.009515483,0.0007981221,0.00016297825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039340248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053001266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97233796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019737223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000052139826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42511377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1512880707","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-0904","title":"Performance Evaluation of GMAW Welds for Four Advanced High Strength Steels","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mitel (Canada)","funders":"Battelle","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Martensite; Gas metal arc welding; Dual-phase steel; Softening; Indentation hardness; Microstructure; Base metal; Fatigue limit; Joint (building); Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.017771214025156527,"score_gpt":0.26324734640999375,"score_spread":0.24547613238483723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1512880707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9692552,0.00063943176,0.0000063664015,0.0011773976,0.00025984613,0.0017414282,0.00011528214,0.0032808776,0.023524161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778743,0.001162753,0.019315198,0.00018493562,0.0002547485,0.00083260395,0.00006278223,0.00015214374,0.00016055282],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.996122,0.00008352253,0.001100212,0.00073825265,0.0011378119,0.0008181727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977952,0.00040954287,0.00020921066,0.0010846811,0.0002760617,0.00022529271],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009589969,0.0006737479,0.00084916834,0.00021892197,0.00023799588,0.00006124234,0.0008572565,0.00076937146,0.00037021382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048950047,0.0005860378,0.00036489402,0.000521724,0.00039842652,0.00064821885,0.00018395971,0.00074300723,0.000022702507],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001804624,0.00021914972,0.00007420463,0.00019166051,0.00006574969,0.000002298837,0.000016810192,0.012450597,0.8920389,0.0023862126,0.0038212312,0.088552736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016582522,0.0015991852,0.91481435,0.0005711667,0.00022925572,0.000026624735,0.000051818028,0.000020939311,0.020223198,0.0013709414,0.058479536,0.0009547275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013144513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008532349,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91474015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038509257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007729747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996591},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1547872794","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000030","title":"Part I: Development of new heat source model applicable to micro electron beam welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electron beam welding; Cathode ray; Materials science; Welding; Penetration (warfare); Electron; Penetration depth; Beam (structure); Atomic physics; Optics; Physics; Composite material; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.015293478621194232,"score_gpt":0.2436128052091348,"score_spread":0.22831932658794057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1547872794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9474769,0.0007593776,0.050384957,0.00020527984,0.000051149287,0.0001023253,3.6451428e-7,0.00032794094,0.0006916864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8937246,0.000038802373,0.106149755,0.000017981938,0.000020412383,0.000008792054,1.4799292e-7,0.000011052213,0.000028414692],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887383,0.000002020279,0.00024700628,0.00018407575,0.0001849952,0.00050804304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999614,0.0000167447,0.000035832305,0.0001705859,0.000048441554,0.00011441946],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051955413,0.000116676536,0.00019146912,0.00043886606,0.00019622494,0.000015766538,0.00027974418,0.00009270648,0.0000042359156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059179576,0.00011133105,0.000015908909,0.0009213658,0.00018996917,0.00018762852,0.00016801791,0.00013341442,0.0000016577824],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003461079,0.000017535107,0.0063536465,0.000043312128,0.000011188693,1.8706962e-7,0.0008512656,0.014182066,0.9495649,0.0009193219,0.00051338575,0.02753978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000068776586,0.00003735577,0.00016846595,0.00011062159,0.000005467474,0.000008175036,0.00024482983,0.00087111956,0.9940051,0.00035208854,0.003999334,0.00012866549],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011794936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015965846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.055764798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046459765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071267714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45399487},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1569757529","doi":"10.1179/1362171812y.0000000031","title":"Part 2: Application of Kanaya–Okayama heat source in modelling micro electron beam welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electron beam welding; Materials science; Welding; Cathode ray; Penetration depth; Penetration (warfare); Beam (structure); Source model; Electron; Heat-affected zone; Mechanics; Composite material; Optics; Computational physics; Physics; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.008760552224563393,"score_gpt":0.22506752713441638,"score_spread":0.21630697490985298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1569757529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9612511,0.0016864813,0.0360671,0.00013905419,0.000052872307,0.00009688561,4.9148224e-7,0.00024399387,0.00046206958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898496,0.00020735103,0.0098882625,0.0000070379256,0.000022768492,0.000011043678,2.9622353e-7,0.000011027202,0.0000026056962],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896365,0.0000051914367,0.00026668957,0.00017952155,0.00015752822,0.0004274259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996366,0.000036362642,0.00005287481,0.00017749597,0.000051539,0.00004514164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007171092,0.00010499066,0.0001885014,0.0006090114,0.000116605275,0.000012467043,0.00023041203,0.000115707815,0.0000016433181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054596843,0.000104450795,0.000018362438,0.0011524132,0.00035467726,0.0002723188,0.00008313231,0.00018771012,5.0611453e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000052523037,0.000037844864,0.09220033,0.00009750179,0.000010538541,5.586553e-7,0.00052252586,0.06736756,0.8163366,0.0038260643,0.000029222465,0.019566042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009557212,0.00004192618,0.00051426503,0.00013381774,0.0000063369093,0.00001214991,0.00033080622,0.013033247,0.98433393,0.000823128,0.000555704,0.000119107215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000505057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027007518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16799739,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043131313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017706589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42593798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1570077332","doi":"10.4271/2007-01-0571","title":"Method of Evaluating Shear Strengths in Contour Laser Transmission Welding","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Welding; Shear (geology); Materials science; Laser; Transmission (telecommunications); Computer science; Structural engineering; Optics; Composite material; Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01758584082803261,"score_gpt":0.31249269477040037,"score_spread":0.29490685394236776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1570077332","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9218205,0.0013621788,0.00031497376,0.0010559288,0.00026486063,0.0015157606,0.00005211987,0.005071085,0.06854257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9141331,0.0006646235,0.08458836,0.00017038664,0.00011240131,0.000084562795,0.00001683091,0.00013994491,0.00008981524],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99551016,0.00016463401,0.0015368443,0.0007994764,0.0009371912,0.0010516661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99719036,0.0013829211,0.00017430764,0.00082902884,0.000092771086,0.00033062737],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002275535,0.00070188666,0.0010569048,0.00041029294,0.00017122534,0.000051349754,0.0008148557,0.0009931235,0.0004186317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061037164,0.0006050334,0.00039533165,0.0009737375,0.00034203505,0.00031821954,0.000191206,0.0014836969,0.000012422815],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023490406,0.00019050758,0.00016096426,0.00018228947,0.00003407141,0.000057151574,0.000048973416,0.0019889202,0.93079305,0.0013094896,0.0008751238,0.06412454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012117192,0.0013183564,0.91744286,0.0014303,0.00009176643,0.00006835227,0.00021893301,0.0000044990525,0.04894998,0.002610859,0.02561725,0.0010351397],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013559041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021572499,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91728187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002888293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050967057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996401},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1571979960","doi":"10.1179/1362171815y.0000000060","title":"Issues associated with welding and surfacing of large mobile mining equipment for use in oil sands applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Automotive industry; Arc welding; Petroleum industry; Production (economics); Mining industry; Manufacturing engineering; Materials science; Mining engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.023201094384024797,"score_gpt":0.2786713285192173,"score_spread":0.2554702341351925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1571979960","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957038,0.0008671557,0.002868036,0.000089855705,0.000019769217,0.00011700261,0.0000042834376,0.00017398818,0.00015607648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97439307,0.00012005445,0.025411187,0.000004553003,0.000004466809,0.000050498533,6.8026884e-7,0.0000086479995,0.0000068150484],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921036,0.000005048786,0.00019910549,0.00018253397,0.00014127215,0.00026167237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995665,0.00008938781,0.000070131064,0.000111156914,0.00012048038,0.00004237729],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008191532,0.00008762863,0.00019286845,0.00041643187,0.000113704016,0.000026955197,0.000126609,0.000078443845,5.704123e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021122643,0.000078092795,0.00000881465,0.000828999,0.00032101237,0.00022966313,0.00008711694,0.00008062392,3.133501e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003686764,0.00015341614,0.75088245,0.0004015395,0.00008040846,0.000007855356,0.0044742664,0.012981791,0.14428005,0.007428311,0.0001620559,0.079111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021981471,0.0009083594,0.0063098185,0.0017491068,0.000049072154,0.000026247393,0.013981872,0.02289287,0.94711775,0.002533537,0.0016425,0.00059070735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023159357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024990026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8028377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033862972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000309472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31845316},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1573095535","doi":"10.1002/9781118062142.ch86","title":"Corrosion Behavior and Galvanic Corrosion Studies of Ti‐6Al‐4V Alloy GTA Weldment in HC1 Solution","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Corrosion; Galvanic corrosion; Galvanic cell; Metallurgy; Alloy; Materials science; Crevice corrosion","score_opus":0.03162148950440157,"score_gpt":0.2705635238843134,"score_spread":0.2389420343799118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1573095535","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1050404,0.14814222,0.010147206,0.00021352705,0.007071704,0.0077344333,0.00032662138,0.008088141,0.71323574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.65334195,0.101231344,0.011769636,0.000035430057,0.00026754648,0.00031040574,0.00008477486,0.0009491491,0.23200974],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999177,0.000016290222,0.00026402375,0.00021087937,0.00014003462,0.00019179995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995755,0.00001837123,0.000079693404,0.00026981693,0.000018470571,0.000038154307],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008194166,0.00025056093,0.00037999492,0.00020804275,0.000020869882,0.000007733374,0.00014824116,0.00030148536,0.00052411016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011519824,0.00020049943,0.000044798373,0.00007523437,0.00006201712,0.000028548578,0.00017540561,0.00015939235,0.0000102927825],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017296647,0.00015243757,0.0026157189,0.001085782,0.00002621296,0.000016936396,0.0002083489,0.000050428644,0.028838936,0.00015018617,0.9641526,0.0026851166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004155995,0.0022366752,0.019997109,0.023689585,0.0011214818,0.00006382046,0.0010751495,0.0014163769,0.48753318,0.0010266454,0.4525806,0.005103375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006189746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010635632,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5483016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005720539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000062110375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81761295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W16129993","doi":"","title":"FEM calculation of frequencies variation caused by residual stress distribution in welded structures","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"international conference on Modelling and simulation","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Finite element method; Stress (linguistics); Structural engineering; Residual; Materials science; Computer science; Engineering; Composite material; Algorithm","score_opus":0.035464611872659646,"score_gpt":0.2871711655003178,"score_spread":0.25170655362765815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W16129993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6072267,0.0000315012,0.39210463,0.000032961267,0.000078898076,0.0000692949,0.00005965215,0.00005412614,0.0003421977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988639,0.00009423393,0.00061566476,0.000004289579,0.000047097477,0.0000025897987,0.00034932536,0.0000087726285,0.000014176866],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922055,0.00001654306,0.00029000654,0.00013522441,0.00022913679,0.00010855963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996377,0.00009545755,0.000068900175,0.00006744593,0.000104296676,0.000026167785],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017124001,0.000103672864,0.000104444516,0.00011262956,0.0000335339,0.000035913297,0.00006807192,0.00011455022,0.000012345648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024537734,0.00010213608,0.000017161534,0.00007594702,0.000023208791,0.00013217259,0.000008949451,0.00011318194,3.1858036e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029680134,0.000013875901,0.0012517318,0.000016992795,0.0000101663945,7.567897e-7,0.00022966364,0.9872225,0.0031649342,0.006986759,0.000018581171,0.0010543357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021433574,0.00002733328,0.010262616,0.000083323845,0.0000047703484,2.2811345e-7,0.000039134535,0.95806414,0.023882695,0.007282377,0.000034241133,0.00010483402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022680458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005396909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3916371,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007387582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008393108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41649884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1658483097","doi":"10.1007/s00170-015-7810-y","title":"Out-of-plane welding distortion prediction and mitigation in stiffened welded structures","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Buckling; Distortion (music); Bending; Structural engineering; Materials science; Finite element method; Fillet (mechanics); Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.010547465756540258,"score_gpt":0.24205224247573856,"score_spread":0.2315047767191983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1658483097","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933663,0.00041730382,0.004437399,0.0006524273,0.0008913222,0.00006502415,0.0000055670043,0.00008806246,0.00007660385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956103,0.00041058878,0.003864962,0.000006936425,0.000086673084,0.0000027539927,0.0000030113101,0.000009561348,0.000005244044],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931985,0.000010638373,0.00031638413,0.00006500502,0.00020020087,0.0000879352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996059,0.000041687483,0.0001678559,0.00008086449,0.000078976016,0.000024724195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001502108,0.000084098996,0.00013510046,0.0003100901,0.000016629167,0.000013147767,0.0002704763,0.00008478534,0.000003231183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008499549,0.0000619921,0.000022272885,0.00004838797,0.00006199138,0.0001437632,0.000051809897,0.00023108993,2.1207305e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005614913,0.00007068372,0.007547077,0.000107841006,0.0003357508,0.000111518275,0.0012479206,0.59666604,0.21348874,0.0019436831,0.0011115154,0.17680773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004902777,0.00008506575,0.0055436655,0.000119599594,0.000009836099,0.00008755592,0.00021777481,0.00022247106,0.9509575,0.041245166,0.00095832016,0.000062781604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006744271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002190068,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7374687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000112555004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000109075445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25279644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1659971756","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v4n4p34","title":"Mechanical Properties Investigation of Multi-Lap Stainless Steel Sheets","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Science Research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg","keywords":"Materials science; Cracking; Lap joint; Brittleness; Joint (building); Ultimate tensile strength; Composite material; Welding; Metallurgy; Spot welding; Shear (geology); Shear strength (soil); High strength steel; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.2316002355710798,"score_gpt":0.37888787257601914,"score_spread":0.14728763700493933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1659971756","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99878424,0.00026833726,0.0002753656,0.00014315436,0.00029327403,0.00011076923,0.0000029798425,0.000025112962,0.00009674394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99433345,0.000114026734,0.005418642,0.0000025539034,0.00010134685,0.000003189187,1.748115e-7,0.000009689098,0.000016907836],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99790436,0.00013560662,0.00039777436,0.00008640506,0.0011858538,0.0002900244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985012,0.00004107466,0.00008884794,0.00013460727,0.0010316499,0.00020265416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006883664,0.000067879235,0.00019738577,0.0003429916,0.00007231256,0.00014123537,0.00055842876,0.00005542733,0.000017553002],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006758689,0.000044680906,0.000021193719,0.00041994968,0.00046027012,0.00040115745,0.00013990638,0.00017086821,0.0000034611287],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025541785,0.000015387612,0.000036849335,0.000093965245,0.0000041533335,0.0000073287033,0.0002697901,0.001487583,0.9971246,0.000122962,0.0005503666,0.0002614649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016560078,0.00020623681,0.00049636466,0.00021744591,0.0000022218849,0.000021954367,0.00035400238,0.00060676946,0.99717224,0.0006232789,0.0000809659,0.00005295171],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034847024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019900642,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006207795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013591559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036304517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23857543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1810935698","doi":"10.5539/mas.v9n6p296","title":"The Influence of Electron Beam Oscillation on the Crystallization and Structure of Dissimilar Steel-Bronze Welds","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Oscillation (cell signaling); Welding; Bronze; Beam (structure); Electron beam welding; Solidity; Metallurgy; Weld pool; Cathode ray; Composite material; Gas tungsten arc welding; Electron; Optics; Arc welding; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.00904068910145482,"score_gpt":0.2173885750314048,"score_spread":0.20834788592995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1810935698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902253,0.00006621434,0.0085307425,0.00006479338,0.000016846132,0.00015072327,0.0000035253026,0.00004196488,0.00089985266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99970233,0.000049169827,0.00021539506,0.000009801693,0.000008723701,0.0000034353939,5.759627e-7,0.000005712109,0.000004873325],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999355,0.0000059425734,0.000112133705,0.000104181345,0.0002988312,0.00012392184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996394,0.000047165748,0.00004659176,0.00018410636,0.000052261857,0.000030461551],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020325586,0.000066967325,0.00006449848,0.000030752264,0.00012333615,0.000033075004,0.00023401414,0.000034299777,7.6290377e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036821653,0.00003652061,0.0000074321783,0.00021844804,0.00026392468,0.0000613954,0.00004131991,0.000073734176,1.0240229e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056845784,0.000002072098,0.000076663484,0.000009457515,0.0000015284028,2.129557e-8,0.00025579083,0.33617473,0.6596462,0.0034462884,0.00003483954,0.00034669775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000060435403,0.000045616744,0.0059170043,0.000018828492,0.000004110127,5.8936564e-7,0.000049191352,0.046045642,0.9310643,0.016508447,0.0002137197,0.00007211061],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006561132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000821275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2901291,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002638389,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002585282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14892673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1887030867","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1080195","title":"Image Thresholding For Weld Defect Extraction In Industrial Radiographic Testing","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Thresholding; Radiography; Welding; Radiographic testing; Extraction (chemistry); Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Computer vision; Image (mathematics); Materials science; Medicine; Metallurgy; Radiology; Chromatography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.06014601789147014,"score_gpt":0.26749823063749467,"score_spread":0.20735221274602453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1887030867","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7008394,0.00050972,0.15452534,0.00027347423,0.0006120149,0.0021094482,0.00015099067,0.007484894,0.13349469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941349,0.00006580731,0.004482398,0.000012752191,0.00029622705,1.157741e-7,0.00016211087,0.0008195819,0.00002607602],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989438,0.000045675744,0.00024597326,0.00021917312,0.00016361043,0.00038175844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945277,0.000101302896,0.00004552547,0.00017811055,0.00013532325,0.00008694056],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009966915,0.00012211927,0.00011771182,0.000417344,0.00064419856,0.0003158286,0.00034213293,0.00010958203,0.00039270511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00067046855,0.00013210475,0.000057950198,0.00077864854,0.00005121894,0.00021915714,0.00014480602,0.00032779112,0.00008502598],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029233447,0.00024967766,0.0005320573,0.000502696,0.00013419156,0.000106262174,0.00080834195,0.0066030063,0.19633633,0.0017054884,0.22590962,0.56681997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014485498,0.00039945266,0.0036476091,0.0002608048,0.000030373594,0.00015359215,0.00028562458,0.005526062,0.03915264,0.00069175963,0.947859,0.0005445163],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026235914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015289631,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7219494,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121282435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000013418473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5387075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1927463448","doi":"10.1243/03093247jsa669","title":"An Investigation into Strain Partitioning in Mismatched HSLA-65 Steel Welds","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Crosshead; Materials science; Welding; Composite material; Strain rate; Displacement (psychology); Strain (injury); Flexural strength","score_opus":0.03669797881970805,"score_gpt":0.2390337434431105,"score_spread":0.20233576462340247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1927463448","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30909973,0.00020300371,0.69035757,0.000036661284,0.000057676338,0.00012692224,0.000007908876,0.00009277492,0.000017760096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9138981,0.00008215566,0.08587924,0.000009542582,0.000079247926,0.000010510314,0.0000071970103,0.000028876202,0.0000050968374],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889666,0.00007024074,0.0005332075,0.00008906618,0.00017810831,0.00023274249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935055,0.00015862931,0.0001295094,0.00018763621,0.0000709168,0.00010273873],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001532311,0.00017332041,0.0003176321,0.00046843715,0.000050738177,0.000039012426,0.00032293287,0.000100580495,0.000025218553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051192506,0.00013410376,0.00015465116,0.00061902567,0.00003186404,0.00023361178,0.000007855111,0.00025399783,5.1601484e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019623778,0.000018274177,0.0002801072,0.000047004698,0.00036576283,0.00000560737,0.0029422296,0.9364875,0.058897525,0.00016754615,0.00005663486,0.00071218645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073006895,0.00058327446,0.023496486,0.00028216097,0.001325682,0.000030385349,0.0015252901,0.7823964,0.18092977,0.008010863,0.00008700371,0.0006026235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004960583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038398135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60479844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000696628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022733826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54685926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1951227150","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2012-0558","title":"Experimental investigation on stainless steel welding with a 15 kW fibre laser","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada); Cegep de La Pocatiere; Novika Solutions","funders":"","keywords":"Plume; Optics; Laser; Welding; Plasma; Laser beam welding; Physics; Wavelength; Attenuation; Keyhole; Ionization; Beam (structure); Beam parameter product; Laser beam quality; Materials science; Laser beams; Composite material; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.014853143436166578,"score_gpt":0.1986205955365596,"score_spread":0.18376745210039303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1951227150","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978307,0.00013160887,0.0005233485,0.000134133,0.0001081561,0.000078861296,0.0000058672886,0.00002713904,0.0011602032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987254,0.0000032273078,0.0008935798,0.000075708704,0.0002294251,0.0000040538343,0.0000019220188,0.000024111818,0.000042544332],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995398,0.000010128147,0.000120390665,0.00005155509,0.000105216175,0.00017290334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995078,0.000015705999,0.0000488067,0.000078794226,0.00006176027,0.00028714773],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003085,0.000098660836,0.000108364555,0.000064243635,0.00006069627,0.00007557888,0.00010628415,0.00003822903,0.000060309016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004718249,0.00007879467,0.00003129809,0.00009472305,0.000037826914,0.00020346692,0.0000035795313,0.00016411852,0.000007703171],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039642968,0.00008251467,0.01072207,0.0003721287,0.00046415703,0.00051099923,0.0067310804,0.58884794,0.06484285,0.0055899946,0.29811573,0.023680901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003091733,0.000334975,0.001651923,0.00043072487,0.000014286178,0.000023609562,0.0007077218,0.0006660564,0.9908723,0.0014750578,0.003263379,0.00025076699],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007136712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00042618907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9260295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013057848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011625716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32131535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1953285112","doi":"10.4271/2006-01-0093","title":"Coatings on Resistance Welding Electrodes to Extend Life","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Huys Industries (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Electrode; Materials science; Metallurgy; Composite material; Chemistry","score_opus":0.00809721779042261,"score_gpt":0.22949264107385886,"score_spread":0.22139542328343625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1953285112","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6802067,0.0015176763,0.000022662807,0.00820069,0.00040260184,0.0016730634,0.000106682266,0.0163874,0.29148248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986061,0.00046179292,0.0094966665,0.0017367773,0.00044810734,0.00042811007,0.000033417742,0.000254503,0.0010796629],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9951861,0.00008825728,0.0011251377,0.001198436,0.0010014811,0.0014005764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973773,0.0005450094,0.00014633371,0.0013408029,0.00009603956,0.0004945271],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004840769,0.0009757744,0.00097595353,0.0003408082,0.0004825289,0.0002173092,0.0011773763,0.0008194223,0.0002853189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00072312384,0.0008629089,0.0003928231,0.0010798939,0.0004197425,0.00030542281,0.0002782484,0.001431351,0.00014659169],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022636708,0.00017129813,0.00007177758,0.00009527197,0.000024591985,0.000052942014,0.000009699528,0.0010086237,0.8954131,0.024120258,0.07804769,0.00075837993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047178302,0.0011817721,0.72885835,0.0008052761,0.0000608824,0.000033627413,0.00003615901,1.0540774e-7,0.019505637,0.0073771025,0.24027109,0.0013981817],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000872928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.041667126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8759075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042712394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052662475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99938214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1956305120","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-4226-4_46","title":"Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurement in an Intermediate Thickness Specimen","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Conference proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Drilling; Geology; Composite material; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.04723173247592555,"score_gpt":0.25234679684027456,"score_spread":0.205115064364349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1956305120","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6145858,0.10921292,0.0142325815,0.0012257383,0.02040503,0.034403205,0.0043564565,0.0073378887,0.19424035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99418455,0.00096116547,0.0028139863,0.000027528084,0.0004278531,0.00017167148,0.000023692164,0.00018755521,0.0012019781],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980242,0.0000030130761,0.0005337631,0.0003772108,0.0006056259,0.00045614026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990417,0.00002012261,0.00027871504,0.00022536816,0.00032299414,0.00011109894],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039554783,0.0005142622,0.0005408185,0.00006229392,0.00011219052,0.0000915673,0.0008931225,0.00057521416,0.00005155945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015737243,0.00043148975,0.00053858984,0.00004845922,0.00010125634,0.0002587793,0.00033446157,0.00056358095,0.0000015989835],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019093248,0.00042573505,0.00008021549,0.0044487105,0.0011273997,0.0000011986849,0.02131416,0.00045111787,0.6562932,0.30363753,0.0077478257,0.0042819176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00054479105,0.00024753486,0.0000073829947,0.0028118824,0.00015626811,0.0000028665886,0.003357125,0.002766863,0.9696837,0.017009724,0.002583021,0.00082885544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007157544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000857113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37959874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041875136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004910104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964388897","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.010","title":"Microstructure and fracture characteristics of spot-welded DP600 steel","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Engineering A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":213,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Welding; Galvanization; Indentation hardness; Optical microscope; Metallurgy; Scanning electron microscope; Martensite; Spot welding; Fracture (geology); Lath; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Base metal; Shear (geology); Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.00454661997209324,"score_gpt":0.19973605898597138,"score_spread":0.19518943901387814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964388897","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981212,0.00019345302,0.0011111716,0.000020168829,0.00026306382,0.00006482542,0.000019060904,0.00015112117,0.000055915007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99706364,0.00015950906,0.0026615215,0.000016907625,0.000075173586,0.0000014834703,0.0000019509532,0.000013633169,0.000006170166],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993339,0.0000017528811,0.00017156753,0.00012593054,0.00013232125,0.0002345018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997362,0.000021102618,0.000024433857,0.000106294065,0.000037982703,0.0000739972],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035354457,0.00011808537,0.00016914817,0.000108903354,0.000050718612,0.000075980504,0.00010818158,0.000073792544,0.0000125052065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042968477,0.0000980056,0.000008291615,0.000147705,0.00011211866,0.00010200843,0.00004678222,0.00006366253,4.1579167e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000038333524,0.0000019729412,0.00014847056,0.00017833618,0.000003270724,0.000004127725,0.00011730342,0.00027180187,0.9983612,0.00006726664,0.000065190914,0.00077727804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006146923,0.00002085775,0.077855535,0.00007422058,0.0000054594784,0.000024541898,0.000017950992,0.00021208562,0.91957146,0.00002740789,0.0019989514,0.00013008178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015996811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.9832166e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07878971,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001542095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008098302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39965522},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965072220","doi":"10.1179/095066000101528331","title":"Effect of minor elements on weldability of nickel base superalloys","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Materials Reviews","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Weldability; Superalloy; Grain boundary; Metallurgy; Materials science; Grain size; Nickel; Welding; Microstructure","score_opus":0.011807214286348561,"score_gpt":0.2813805844385304,"score_spread":0.26957337015218186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1965072220","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960435,0.0004865574,0.00001137803,0.00002663815,0.00030907337,0.00032415925,0.000110246954,0.000044008488,0.0026444464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952716,0.0037750967,0.00061525183,0.000016579706,0.000076206336,0.000051828098,0.000030616862,0.000012302641,0.000150503],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990829,0.00008856967,0.0005153666,0.00009874942,0.00013478604,0.00007961058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966884,0.00005842522,0.00006252829,0.00016898871,0.000021211286,0.000019998311],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004319229,0.00011135153,0.00031520246,0.000037387148,0.000007435793,0.000009030419,0.00019841676,0.000039723185,0.0064192726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000068100984,0.00007868949,0.00007701547,0.000032743596,0.000020414362,0.000042686745,0.000016926851,0.000030907984,0.00006259679],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032649364,0.00019051666,0.001985491,0.003120455,0.00016303391,0.0000051256907,0.000047772803,0.000771325,0.83022535,0.00035240588,0.014573788,0.14823824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016083261,0.00015863815,0.0007921229,0.00034801872,0.000012204551,0.0000011397761,2.5078774e-7,0.000021049813,0.95788026,0.00004578624,0.040510725,0.00006895964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000062659274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020180555,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14816928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022508093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000021558214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.994489},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965077221","doi":"10.1115/1.4004620","title":"Welding Induced Distortions and Strains of a Built-Up Panel, Experiment and Numerical Validation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Finite element method; Materials science; Cladding (metalworking); Distortion (music); Residual stress; Structural engineering; Residual; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.029898101538319462,"score_gpt":0.2774123986086693,"score_spread":0.24751429707034983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1965077221","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98180467,0.006746048,0.010680512,0.0002971359,0.00021741385,0.00007294893,0.000004037089,0.00010226336,0.00007499607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99697214,0.0004593885,0.0024677496,0.0000025273587,0.00007214934,0.000004826477,4.5612998e-7,0.000013857725,0.0000068757754],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937004,0.000014448634,0.00029012054,0.00006326994,0.000105793566,0.00015631],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960685,0.000028925448,0.00014431469,0.000107290565,0.000048646278,0.00006395917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001341197,0.00009901064,0.00022767016,0.00022855366,0.000038816786,0.00001133732,0.00011023763,0.00018130401,0.000011901386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060649352,0.0000829272,0.000027268798,0.00013735601,0.00006392763,0.00017389144,0.000057093315,0.00023987498,1.4438308e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022981627,0.00018499423,0.02059447,0.000299917,0.0004194267,0.000008459152,0.0012258684,0.00080232165,0.95460284,0.0032060458,0.0023432926,0.016289372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033450153,0.00023629876,0.011439913,0.0001274426,0.00013785082,0.00024371868,0.0004822,0.00019262967,0.97975194,0.0009824045,0.005901841,0.00016925411],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000073511546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.263964e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025149094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014391053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000086050895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3381673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966103993","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.06.068","title":"A review of laser welding techniques for magnesium alloys","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":612,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Weldability; Metallurgy; Welding; Laser beam welding; Magnesium; Microstructure; Laser; Yttrium; Oxide; Optics","score_opus":0.027902543938852723,"score_gpt":0.3306205807792826,"score_spread":0.30271803684042986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966103993","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000016001766,0.9965487,0.0015649456,0.0001614708,0.0003387001,0.0006953052,0.000055272652,0.00053337286,0.00008622863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000047630157,0.9445325,0.054561794,0.00003050624,0.00052935135,0.00013331659,0.000010153279,0.00013458118,0.000020170666],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970837,0.000048521662,0.0021222217,0.00020301685,0.00019072919,0.00035181668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99741024,0.0000752367,0.0017801421,0.0003170963,0.0003676104,0.000049669423],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009435936,0.00048386463,0.0030060252,0.0008880742,0.000050728515,0.00004756281,0.0009113545,0.0008971338,0.000045905424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026000632,0.0003568496,0.00039262103,0.0004605345,0.00010896145,0.00015318701,0.00011597172,0.00042678177,0.0000016674551],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043870937,0.000022511103,3.7668052e-8,0.3193607,0.00005730234,0.000008201741,0.0000023358104,0.0000018001879,0.00029033836,0.000013665032,0.0054597184,0.674779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006072821,0.00012914588,1.058166e-8,0.21013421,0.0005918567,0.00041573567,0.0000023763655,3.8096644e-7,0.08928542,0.0003067606,0.6988349,0.00023847203],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.11379e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.8866336e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6933752,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121919744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018288603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967813726","doi":"10.1115/1.2204952","title":"Use of Inverse Solutions for Residual Stress Measurements","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":224,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Tikhonov regularization; Residual stress; Residual; Hole drilling method; Integral equation; Inverse problem; Deep hole drilling; Applied mathematics; Inverse; Volterra integral equation; Regularization (linguistics); Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Algorithm; Materials science; Drilling; Geometry; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.03342695332791482,"score_gpt":0.22000180932679306,"score_spread":0.18657485599887824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967813726","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937743,0.00049632776,0.005062293,0.00008284662,0.00030473596,0.00008849323,0.00005459236,0.00012566446,0.000010775931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98078495,0.00017879906,0.018891232,0.0000011175379,0.00010757771,0.0000058209266,0.0000025138124,0.000019520481,0.000008478749],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993527,0.0000042367856,0.00034656504,0.000051866562,0.00007364935,0.00017101092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966717,0.00003169782,0.00009440059,0.00007980806,0.00010627053,0.000020638983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014215152,0.00009509364,0.00023317465,0.0002632134,0.000024953208,0.000021368833,0.00008639628,0.00012926052,0.0000053625854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006698357,0.00008307791,0.000026800415,0.00008726669,0.000031664593,0.00007140575,0.000029617437,0.00006580167,1.0574836e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007916032,0.000021286054,0.00033097068,0.0002132319,0.00005648412,0.000004200486,0.0000043140303,0.033384055,0.9613821,0.0013827968,0.0030348538,0.00017778976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023304604,0.00011086511,0.0008715455,0.00017882207,0.000037383605,0.000036317724,0.0000061039254,0.00028444186,0.9947579,0.00076527114,0.0026187282,0.00009960976],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018428773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046281834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033375762,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018216606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007570683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3387819},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968727826","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.669","title":"A Study on the Effect of Gap Width on Residual Stresses of Laser-Welded Dissimilar Joints","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Key engineering materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Composite material; Indentation; Hardening (computing); Austenite; Metallurgy; Laser; Optics; Microstructure","score_opus":0.011387882563882654,"score_gpt":0.22331408897197488,"score_spread":0.21192620640809223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968727826","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980489,0.000039819686,0.000047248737,0.000029518602,0.00029696146,0.0005071301,0.00010424809,0.000342995,0.000583198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99954367,0.00001578352,0.000141396,0.0000022982358,0.00014201963,0.0000622356,0.000011004376,0.000058717615,0.00002290202],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988539,0.00007215974,0.00040407517,0.00016473823,0.00026607257,0.00023902908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991216,0.00035710644,0.00007522358,0.0003964537,0.000019562674,0.000030046125],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032842174,0.00027162468,0.0004452405,0.00011940661,0.00003242292,0.000033191023,0.00024344678,0.00008562929,0.00006571516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011011637,0.00017553972,0.000057350993,0.0001315382,0.000026006463,0.000035739515,0.000045757377,0.00010023316,0.0000050539265],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017184118,0.00020642365,0.0012422662,0.0009993603,0.00019361371,0.000040558785,0.00016694165,0.3069424,0.68314964,0.00046210934,0.0063289427,0.00009586724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031418394,0.00077581085,0.011843471,0.00040590522,0.000037373655,0.0000012963352,0.000014285871,0.00004133701,0.98626435,0.000048960766,0.00008823423,0.000164811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000068012145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032019882,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30690107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023785191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003989536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7158302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969304320","doi":"10.1007/s11661-002-0033-5","title":"The influence of minor elements on the weldability of an INCONEL 718-type superalloy","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Weldability; Inconel; Materials science; Metallurgy; Superalloy; Welding; Ductility (Earth science); Alloy; Electron beam welding; Liquation; Composite material; Cathode ray; Electron","score_opus":0.01574645148369425,"score_gpt":0.2138286344687249,"score_spread":0.19808218298503066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969304320","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990626,0.000087104374,0.00034523432,0.00012222506,0.00006496052,0.00013735658,0.000024196188,0.000046368095,0.00010998598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99890184,0.0007281892,0.00026314016,0.000008263213,0.0000098553855,0.00001833977,9.575119e-7,0.0000064216442,0.000062985055],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994456,0.000048259437,0.000240266,0.00007879943,0.00009047899,0.0000965908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968535,0.00008108034,0.000024317214,0.00015542869,0.000025595351,0.000028217684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017908697,0.0000761429,0.00013953664,0.00001368367,0.00009400773,0.00002677267,0.00010891502,0.00004437891,0.0005553948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010524774,0.00004014992,0.000030589043,0.00006433721,0.00011718502,0.000053401407,0.000005153896,0.000053515127,0.0000019196202],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027241604,0.0009334128,0.000058048558,0.00065677974,0.00048511566,0.000009766206,0.00065858505,0.055255447,0.92607677,0.0036177463,0.0002509061,0.011724997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050096825,0.00060748856,0.014199107,0.00010871295,0.0001263339,0.00002056204,0.00011850134,0.0029756567,0.9646572,0.0016487723,0.014727527,0.0003092118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001309587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027537557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.052279793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000044512176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000017427963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60811836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971545654","doi":"10.1115/ipc2008-64134","title":"Effects of Ti, C and N on Weld HAZ Toughness of High Strength Line Pipe","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"EVRAZ (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Ductility (Earth science); Toughness; Arc welding; Titanium; Gas metal arc welding; Alloy; Submerged arc welding; Pipeline (software); Titanium alloy; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.006477337916269717,"score_gpt":0.19997232941660506,"score_spread":0.19349499150033533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971545654","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99607056,0.00033355065,0.0010338731,0.000026128666,0.00005887217,0.00008030208,0.0000040870227,0.00015576031,0.0022368762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971118,0.00075319875,0.0018963352,0.000007386209,0.00003087077,0.000003401174,0.0000015367966,0.000011363248,0.000184134],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999654,0.000005359545,0.000114074915,0.000068438785,0.000076324475,0.000081797676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997479,0.0000976843,0.00001809355,0.00009548153,0.000014637283,0.00002625722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001865439,0.000078299534,0.0001561126,0.00004283532,0.000014485602,0.0000019909014,0.000055825923,0.000056602916,0.00002195499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016195314,0.000059073067,0.00002054715,0.000064235624,0.000033344328,0.000021498361,0.00002036302,0.000056006334,7.7179897e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005531684,0.0025854292,0.015234566,0.02069619,0.001052956,0.0004885329,0.0022111682,0.069315046,0.5781901,0.029166646,0.13207123,0.148435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018957989,0.0001637867,0.006215927,0.000100894176,0.000007287932,0.0000028276097,0.0000033935432,0.00022840475,0.9924631,0.00012996902,0.00042406606,0.00007072522],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015097913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007675566,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41427308,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000045093975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002864676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24089298},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972914675","doi":"10.1007/s11340-015-0010-8","title":"Residual Stress Measurements in Dissimilar Weld Metal","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Deep River Science Academy","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Electric Power Research Institute","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Neutron diffraction; Welding; Diffraction; Stress (linguistics); Drilling; Metallurgy; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.06944694567288384,"score_gpt":0.283723278569792,"score_spread":0.21427633289690817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972914675","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9770662,0.0077603543,0.0018577767,0.00011892761,0.0014293407,0.0005661718,0.000037901267,0.001233763,0.0099295685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973721,0.000034195047,0.0023158002,0.00003101457,0.00009467433,0.000050224913,0.000014154925,0.00004453558,0.000043294407],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891245,0.000031187064,0.0002184462,0.00018707727,0.000358444,0.00029236721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960405,0.000009206002,0.000021776083,0.00020616571,0.000018818857,0.00014001617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001651683,0.00019163302,0.00018346011,0.00008648901,0.000031212454,0.000033874243,0.00021853177,0.000105278625,0.000058631955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018718265,0.00018230507,0.0000393451,0.00013804453,0.000010896567,0.00013792704,0.00008400193,0.00015171344,0.000018889934],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000348224,0.0022106392,0.004353691,0.00028856526,0.000469815,0.0003976165,0.007976304,0.06316201,0.8123922,0.011724838,0.093229726,0.0034464244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043999532,0.0001108615,0.000029895531,0.000056912013,0.0000059076524,0.00000462807,0.00079271576,0.0015604713,0.99444944,0.00064251537,0.0016670979,0.0002395338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053156044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003325457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18205732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018422712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000151113745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7434185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973357901","doi":"10.1063/1.4864848","title":"Laser-ultrasonic inspection of hybrid laser-arc welded HSLA-65 steel","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser; Butt welding; Laser beam welding; Ultrasonic sensor; Ultrasonic testing; Arc welding; Electric arc; Equiaxed crystals; Metallurgy; Optics; Acoustics; Microstructure; Electrode","score_opus":0.012216051733683862,"score_gpt":0.21786777706302832,"score_spread":0.20565172532934445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973357901","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9680374,0.000054326545,0.008151336,0.00013332773,0.00018967199,0.0001999918,0.000010673754,0.0013016298,0.021921603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977808,0.0002970288,0.0014962683,0.000026923999,0.00016136545,0.000034083667,0.000006228392,0.000037048165,0.00016027737],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894553,0.0000059946688,0.00028311886,0.00024097432,0.00021591323,0.00030845642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947673,0.00004283092,0.00008608691,0.0001301967,0.0001732893,0.000090893496],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016086329,0.00021537616,0.00027143693,0.00011866902,0.00007652931,0.000073827556,0.0002842763,0.00009181053,0.00006748704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000794773,0.00020191738,0.00006596587,0.0001931334,0.00008297831,0.00022996547,0.00005132259,0.0002468003,0.000021240407],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016832643,0.0006159529,0.07184885,0.004267525,0.0004841624,0.000018978515,0.0033240914,0.0013729798,0.6713723,0.024368595,0.11583495,0.106323294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000397426,0.00028548832,0.003833811,0.00033413386,0.000037890302,0.000023962666,0.00020792738,0.033620086,0.9477735,0.0033625166,0.009706512,0.00041670265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000061228515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012023966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27640125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044790657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020652775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8233952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973768772","doi":"10.1179/1879139512y.0000000018","title":"Using semipenetration ratio to characterise effects of waveform variables on bead profile and heat affected zone with single electrode submerged arc welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"EVRAZ (Canada); University of Alberta; Queen's University; TransCanada (Canada); Alberta Innovates","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Waveform; Materials science; Charpy impact test; Submerged arc welding; Penetration (warfare); Composite material; Electrode; Voltage; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Electrical engineering; Microstructure; Chemistry","score_opus":0.009602147751023391,"score_gpt":0.20117982301806495,"score_spread":0.19157767526704156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973768772","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866768,0.00016587322,0.011960636,0.00004728941,0.00010988139,0.00051835494,0.000014903168,0.000118671014,0.00038757996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961915,0.0000075255102,0.0035077722,0.000037060807,0.000120261146,0.000045660938,0.000025309033,0.00003891097,0.000025979618],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989047,0.000045055804,0.0002033171,0.00017986428,0.00014868758,0.00051839766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922,0.00005024272,0.000029654067,0.00016369802,0.000034857992,0.0005015544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012497799,0.00021746215,0.00029263142,0.00021327366,0.00009087551,0.00005427454,0.000079142534,0.00012104549,0.00004374226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001832205,0.00017803759,0.000034954428,0.0002718204,0.000029185296,0.00020740801,0.0000046266305,0.00015004537,0.0000033234876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006662528,0.000090881236,0.00022148449,0.00043225213,0.00014401253,0.00004986956,0.000733288,0.0021135686,0.9905707,0.00062303,0.00016728074,0.0047869706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071689475,0.002734249,0.016429849,0.00059213873,0.00016417622,0.00010767755,0.00006893012,0.010974841,0.96597487,0.00004278103,0.0013763632,0.0008172297],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003323363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040222155,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024595868,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016673305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035006466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7260162},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974145840","doi":"10.1115/ipc2004-0316","title":"Structure and Properties of X80 and X100 Pipeline Girth Welds","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2004 International Pipeline Conference, Volumes 1, 2, and 3","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada); Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Toughness; Metallurgy; Composite material; Submerged arc welding; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding","score_opus":0.011129708745043508,"score_gpt":0.21212688818318273,"score_spread":0.20099717943813922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974145840","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854063,0.005203935,0.0062090433,0.0007003312,0.00023614951,0.00014594989,0.000111146735,0.00014937711,0.0018377862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947393,0.00293424,0.0013690802,0.00004126243,0.00017033638,0.000004622483,0.000021972284,0.00001629906,0.0007028975],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927914,0.000007063037,0.00024554436,0.00017996132,0.00015152611,0.00013675791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965703,0.000009870832,0.00004486131,0.000090514644,0.00012959543,0.00006814408],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000046546847,0.00016908454,0.00019844415,0.000105293504,0.000045089364,0.00006833611,0.000116458425,0.000106512394,0.000073548166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030248455,0.0001348876,0.000022806602,0.000053340165,0.00015106579,0.00012978983,0.00006735656,0.00014496969,9.271875e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008418666,0.00076971285,0.106134295,0.0058649317,0.0013492743,0.00014509153,0.008169773,0.04578145,0.20795895,0.080892615,0.058149703,0.48394233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009779688,0.0008167827,0.051826634,0.004336933,0.0003141233,0.0006240343,0.0013848882,0.19445486,0.544818,0.06968807,0.11863895,0.0033170688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020519165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013352855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48062527,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016033368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026917394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5500556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974362856","doi":"10.1504/ijpd.2013.052156","title":"Exploring the parametric design space to manage computational weld mechanics analyses using design of experiment","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Product Development","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Cwm; Parametric statistics; Welding; Parametric design; Design of experiments; Set (abstract data type); Computer science; Distortion (music); Industrial engineering; Space (punctuation); Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; RDF","score_opus":0.2269312900758748,"score_gpt":0.3341213209552191,"score_spread":0.10719003087934434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974362856","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21421026,0.00035137174,0.78415537,0.00039432367,0.0005938993,0.0002487907,5.33696e-7,0.000026764408,0.000018684677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6377175,0.00008676528,0.36204606,0.000017897952,0.00009303207,0.000018186058,5.0910745e-7,0.000012253081,0.000007786357],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985664,0.00004854884,0.0005118623,0.000108297216,0.00062459527,0.0001402924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990632,0.00013840468,0.00017230485,0.000097011696,0.00046991537,0.00005916298],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045155975,0.00013330685,0.0001733832,0.00042985645,0.0000502472,0.00007231138,0.0004499069,0.000017672177,0.000040515733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011133058,0.00009395731,0.000050894912,0.0002954485,0.000013219076,0.00023381317,0.000081287835,0.000114893344,0.0000060915577],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015058574,0.00003562532,0.000016584412,0.000010849508,0.00028043092,0.000009387064,0.0006095333,0.9751773,0.01700295,0.00006842166,0.0009235076,0.005850338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017985384,0.000076101016,0.0014723273,0.00023333928,0.000026774023,0.00007294309,0.0002569278,0.036307022,0.95877194,0.001212096,0.0011800034,0.00021068918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024078678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.479851e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.941769,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021763184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006288894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38314676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975350947","doi":"10.4271/2013-01-1374","title":"Determination of Weld Nugget Size Using an Inverse Engineering Technique","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Chrysler (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Inverse; Welding; Materials science; Mathematics; Composite material; Geometry","score_opus":0.015422996467365733,"score_gpt":0.2516375169780138,"score_spread":0.23621452051064806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1975350947","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8022092,0.00025901786,0.19365138,0.000074684045,0.0029727484,0.00042471173,0.000024112813,0.00018146624,0.00020270614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97352624,0.000065210115,0.02584038,0.000009221335,0.0004908858,0.000019161684,0.0000024992175,0.000038027752,0.000008370847],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983576,0.00005685577,0.0007586188,0.00011495422,0.00053249276,0.0001794931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988651,0.00015745322,0.00028954164,0.00014747592,0.00040987853,0.00013050073],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034434404,0.00017437921,0.00032635723,0.00022490593,0.000019284358,0.00008375885,0.00045708515,0.00018801566,0.000048096947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014386642,0.0001535794,0.00014806804,0.00011771496,0.000017298766,0.00046189077,0.00005160247,0.0002882035,0.0000021759024],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000857699,0.000066769586,0.000112163434,0.00011175212,0.000138556,0.000057372097,0.000067177854,0.025078773,0.97248256,0.00038394282,0.00047200732,0.0010203731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079568214,0.0004135825,0.0009033926,0.0018815878,0.000104455066,0.0012454021,0.00031830466,0.29871193,0.6914374,0.0012808846,0.0023399699,0.0005673671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014906049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008471871,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2810451,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016399278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002737162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62627864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977627704","doi":"10.1109/ccece.2008.4564793","title":"On-line estimation of inductance of flexible cables and electrode arms in an electric arc furnace by artificial neural network","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Conference proceedings - Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inductance; Artificial neural network; Electrode; Electric arc furnace; Voltage; Arc (geometry); Line (geometry); Power (physics); Engineering; Electric arc; Process (computing); Control theory (sociology); Electronic engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Metallurgy; Control (management)","score_opus":0.021498665949654765,"score_gpt":0.21590827007730823,"score_spread":0.19440960412765346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977627704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98499453,0.00042843746,0.013957661,0.00008261692,0.000051317867,0.00017892742,0.0000065586764,0.00011822362,0.00018169833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972334,0.0003590082,0.0022637453,0.000026796386,0.00006208728,0.00002028817,0.000006402296,0.000023340948,0.0000049509167],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868643,0.0000070527967,0.00032799682,0.00029674682,0.00015665298,0.0005251207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994546,0.000050106846,0.000060159113,0.00008188903,0.00010118704,0.0002520525],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008063345,0.0002547463,0.00036454375,0.00034453924,0.000057064735,0.00005252935,0.00017975004,0.00014469249,0.0000080059335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022358245,0.00025504004,0.000022340846,0.0005726677,0.00004822656,0.0001601155,0.000015574898,0.0003974455,3.3507632e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026555307,0.0003069239,0.008146637,0.0007410284,0.00013742123,0.000063268184,0.0020871866,0.52159107,0.0599652,0.21905221,0.0019554095,0.18568808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001737877,0.0007129851,0.0036540928,0.00017389661,0.0000071653208,0.00002581453,0.000007143703,0.9690535,0.022579337,0.0033051933,0.000011945816,0.0002951618],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000977214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025896027,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44746238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007207128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009514769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977665213","doi":"10.1115/ipc2012-90526","title":"Microstructure and Properties of High Strength Steel Weld Metals","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Vale (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Acicular ferrite; Welding; Metallurgy; Bainite; Gas metal arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Toughness; Microstructure; Ferrite (magnet); Continuous cooling transformation; Heat-affected zone; Ductility (Earth science); Ultimate tensile strength; Martensite; Composite material; Creep","score_opus":0.011966517413878918,"score_gpt":0.20096729759551887,"score_spread":0.18900078018163996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977665213","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940635,0.004095922,0.0001234028,0.000026195352,0.000083043655,0.00006336948,0.0000072719295,0.00018758402,0.0013497012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958937,0.00024766597,0.0035788862,0.000008077625,0.000045936464,0.0000032169744,0.0000010578729,0.000011523489,0.00020991119],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99968296,0.000004815767,0.00009143909,0.000045126624,0.000050409475,0.00012526537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998505,0.000007682724,0.0000114265285,0.0000839276,0.000010376397,0.00003605936],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000031585278,0.00007664238,0.00011276464,0.000025383753,0.000013290892,0.000010070486,0.000048109734,0.00005322009,0.000064663975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005773448,0.00004870578,0.000016386248,0.00003499805,0.000029767956,0.00007899955,0.000028795519,0.00005108506,0.0000010727853],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018078055,0.00006388248,0.0067417705,0.0012597513,0.00025726153,0.0000013737953,0.0009987783,0.0009896231,0.9580252,0.007835393,0.014026355,0.009782514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054893164,0.000012191029,0.0051723607,0.000029296472,0.000012710579,0.000004517946,0.000047843383,0.000032530126,0.9901627,0.00008345839,0.0043041813,0.00008331964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000077871024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000057919,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032137476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000041012495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000015480977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1986164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979215987","doi":"10.1115/1.4002162","title":"Comparison of Neutron Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress of Steel Butt Welds With Current Fitness-for-Purpose Assessments","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories","funders":"Australian Research Council; Monash University; Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering; Australian Government; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Neutron diffraction; Carbon steel; Butt welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Metallurgy; Composite material; Diffraction; Corrosion; Optics","score_opus":0.032260547187453366,"score_gpt":0.33641513604995843,"score_spread":0.30415458886250507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979215987","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912689,0.0023589435,0.0050596814,0.00009244915,0.0006434574,0.00033020164,0.00006792743,0.00008839436,0.000090061854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904514,0.00023930903,0.009160517,7.2461756e-7,0.00008604669,0.00001404379,0.00000492743,0.000034516506,0.000008537326],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998129,0.000034113975,0.00094842725,0.00014979784,0.0004969967,0.00024166443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976981,0.00009271711,0.0011225272,0.00035494266,0.00067652034,0.00005516828],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032800794,0.00022182357,0.0007799005,0.00054497865,0.000037912774,0.000010577003,0.00054557744,0.0003748972,0.000016742795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008204318,0.00017453924,0.00010187951,0.00030401707,0.00018998646,0.00018366442,0.0000692159,0.0008031244,1.09167296e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003248731,0.0009769642,0.1951121,0.0022599807,0.0007166776,0.0000034948948,0.00011411469,0.015319103,0.76295,0.00039993052,0.0019840167,0.019838752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010606957,0.001114125,0.028240282,0.00067069,0.00035124813,0.000018691313,0.00014356567,0.00047918115,0.96414137,0.00028039337,0.0033239063,0.00017582669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013691116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029041752,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2011914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020389778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066056244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7117503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979463241","doi":"10.1007/s11340-014-9935-6","title":"Residual Stress Measurements in Finite-Thickness Materials by Hole-Drilling","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Hole drilling method; Residual stress; Calibration; Deep hole drilling; Materials science; Solid mechanics; Bending; Drilling; Finite element method; Residual; Stress (linguistics); Composite material; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Physics; Engineering; Metallurgy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.02009600083274993,"score_gpt":0.2454875413542116,"score_spread":0.22539154052146168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979463241","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737536,0.0022039744,0.019453084,0.000055706892,0.0015054762,0.00045805145,0.00010198113,0.00096886593,0.0014993112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99759895,0.00006165271,0.001955345,0.000046532325,0.00012885667,0.000067683344,0.00004764033,0.0000655887,0.000027736814],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987112,0.000066900146,0.0003184048,0.00024727284,0.00029968392,0.00035652996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999582,0.00004262129,0.000041970026,0.00023914904,0.000017854445,0.00007643738],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026610642,0.00024013975,0.0002527442,0.00008422703,0.000066875175,0.00007633406,0.00025582052,0.00016746207,0.00012379247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034160643,0.00024038921,0.000031001353,0.00011479662,0.000013718568,0.00011561534,0.00008561181,0.00014571351,0.000021626107],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001687687,0.00008458786,0.000047228543,0.000057997047,0.000019987925,0.0000032509884,0.00023475535,0.0069951974,0.9897934,0.0005758543,0.0018666707,0.00030419533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003586349,0.00007628709,0.000007192407,0.00015669882,0.0000051709944,0.0000015722734,0.00013374952,0.0027078195,0.994789,0.0003101022,0.0011633913,0.00029034933],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000748657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012634616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023845416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010633738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005667153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98027873},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980143106","doi":"10.1007/s11661-002-0277-0","title":"Residual stresses in a welded superalloy disc: Characterization using synchrotron diffraction and numerical process modeling","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Superalloy; Diffraction; Welding; Beamline; Synchrotron; Composite material; Optics; Beam (structure); Alloy; Physics","score_opus":0.020881009748256428,"score_gpt":0.2277268792117444,"score_spread":0.20684586946348796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1980143106","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8271954,0.00014856932,0.17214672,0.00007530615,0.00007539392,0.00015333368,0.000023959772,0.00016459463,0.000016740498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975248,0.00139378,0.0009096406,0.0000059313643,0.000055712408,0.00004639159,0.000016572054,0.000024428191,0.000022723792],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992065,0.00003601924,0.00026839817,0.00020398402,0.00008883758,0.0001962577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998195,0.000015365875,0.000020901734,0.00006523084,0.000014569957,0.00006443261],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060435425,0.0001560505,0.0002487198,0.000084198364,0.00010816928,0.00014387287,0.00004070164,0.00011301481,0.0003476033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000044444487,0.00013957423,0.000021467522,0.00011648561,0.000031924177,0.00033269657,0.0000061632286,0.00011007516,0.0000011070775],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000088004555,0.00033486233,0.000055086002,0.0008235356,0.000093715826,0.000042147833,0.00058260484,0.21325827,0.77787834,0.000060521354,0.0000038094863,0.006779102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006623802,0.000076759716,0.0021081655,0.00025133486,0.00009993883,0.0001539265,0.00012993072,0.9575622,0.03805082,0.00018704815,0.00023271979,0.00048474607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018008373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016489228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74430394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020939879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000026600064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5691672},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981454300","doi":"10.1007/bf03266679","title":"Prediction of Post Weld Hardness of Advanced High Strength Steels for Automotive Application using a Dedicated Carbon Equivalent Number","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Larus Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Weldability; Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Composite material","score_opus":0.026149949780100677,"score_gpt":0.2605033817766117,"score_spread":0.234353431996511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981454300","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931545,0.00010257451,0.004948102,0.00006233417,0.00017793092,0.000556324,0.00006822736,0.00016666784,0.00076334015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960827,0.00005210559,0.003627106,0.00000795234,0.000060521237,0.00008652359,0.000023292152,0.000026355745,0.000033446577],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991162,0.000030105073,0.0003437727,0.00014500748,0.00018355763,0.00018134832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940777,0.00013856497,0.00012497934,0.00021930409,0.000087188,0.000022192356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019050657,0.000128751,0.00021674199,0.0001333904,0.000051970612,0.0000047735994,0.00020239124,0.0000675247,0.000008009534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041851086,0.00010505354,0.0000561761,0.00040246246,0.0000611345,0.000060069426,0.00002820769,0.00013193647,2.2778111e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029094054,0.00052084454,0.026562855,0.0015616314,0.00023578378,0.000009391935,0.0035249516,0.7770612,0.18267317,0.0019649253,0.0013722616,0.004222042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092862174,0.0001279747,0.024550335,0.0007529355,0.00008185369,0.000014969287,0.0003154347,0.044736374,0.92672515,0.00059174985,0.00091772986,0.0002568695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027779437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045575074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.744052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000075792734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015913054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4283959},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981774819","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2009.03.041","title":"Residual stress analysis of laser spot welding of steel sheets","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design (1980-2015)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"ArcelorMittal","keywords":"Residual stress; Spot welding; Welding; Materials science; Hot spot (computer programming); Composite material; Stress (linguistics); Metallurgy","score_opus":0.017690319242294656,"score_gpt":0.257169143698158,"score_spread":0.23947882445586335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981774819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99365044,0.00049795076,0.0040251273,0.00008525359,0.0002477535,0.00029979763,0.00028147316,0.0003803231,0.0005318595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917076,0.00022951583,0.00773435,0.00001711879,0.00012747642,0.000013490497,0.00005471538,0.000042633037,0.00007305273],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980682,0.0001331732,0.00075989513,0.00028188172,0.00035538946,0.00040145422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989686,0.00012906054,0.00020519423,0.00051054714,0.000095691415,0.00009089786],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005330625,0.00030970565,0.00085544237,0.00047909693,0.00005132624,0.000067618625,0.00039557004,0.00022589503,0.00044123887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047163725,0.00027702883,0.00013778674,0.0005861774,0.000057985282,0.00014389266,0.00005732139,0.00009538226,0.000007685244],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000104546845,0.00011862373,0.0004965798,0.00025749748,0.00068453024,0.000029055564,0.00027846266,0.122391246,0.8689389,0.00030521056,0.0057899915,0.0006053459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022014341,0.00015748861,0.009526661,0.0001784073,0.000515523,0.0000018750318,0.000052170504,0.0002477805,0.9883894,0.00024638735,0.00017529324,0.00028887304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018115877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017231003,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12214347,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042326585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002618452,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983329555","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2010.05.002","title":"Effect of welding sequence on residual stress and distortion in flat-bar stiffened plates","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Structures","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":181,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Residual stress; Distortion (music); Structural engineering; Finite element method; Materials science; Stress (linguistics); Compression (physics); Bar (unit); Composite material; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.004508769129948423,"score_gpt":0.23370743628052543,"score_spread":0.22919866715057702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983329555","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.998616,0.000047133723,0.00002058099,0.000017500697,0.00015339658,0.00010910861,0.000010563707,0.00014400789,0.0008817297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992447,0.000027598704,0.00063470984,0.0000025301651,0.00005696984,0.0000058451756,0.000006699374,0.000014139164,0.0000068002164],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99947244,0.00002006332,0.00013974083,0.00012781259,0.00009784956,0.0001421178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968845,0.00010926866,0.0000244242,0.00013351659,0.000008399746,0.00003592703],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009206405,0.00012477479,0.00014702564,0.000093514594,0.000031777552,0.000019578449,0.00009055908,0.00007638958,0.000042619544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006760461,0.000097304364,0.000017601526,0.000075317366,0.00005678399,0.000053301203,0.00005101668,0.00020797474,2.7377425e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002888995,0.000017359524,0.5621059,0.0009867332,0.000047004705,0.00005465474,0.00025443124,0.022080053,0.26033217,0.00574099,0.00011411491,0.14797771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002212151,0.00016276368,0.25149974,0.000043358872,0.000005792892,0.0000053359927,0.0000044036674,0.00027979029,0.74611235,0.0015260841,0.000036750804,0.00010241002],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027741306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021452962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4857802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000126089635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000028274283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3967957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983515853","doi":"10.1007/bf03266717","title":"A Comparison of Residual Stress in Hammer-Peened, Multi-Pass Steel Welds–A514 (S690Q) and S41500","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec; Université du Québec à Montréal; Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Peening; Charpy impact test; Residual stress; Welding; Metallurgy; Hammer; Martensitic stainless steel; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Toughness; Martensite; Microstructure","score_opus":0.029360530375340876,"score_gpt":0.31351222243217,"score_spread":0.2841516920568291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983515853","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897945,0.0022805347,0.0005219792,0.0009126599,0.00013157977,0.00035104004,0.0000143319085,0.00020837366,0.0057850364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963322,0.0001333979,0.0032368195,0.000052789233,0.00006331377,0.000015525096,0.0000043704636,0.00002109509,0.00014046003],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871796,0.000075792435,0.00044089172,0.00020942923,0.00021196382,0.00034397337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993677,0.00022137564,0.000067905356,0.00028698298,0.000013858175,0.000042157288],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036804628,0.00020755095,0.00036242415,0.00032087907,0.000054318945,0.000048134818,0.00035832726,0.00010304571,0.000014993905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038046568,0.00016483504,0.000041294625,0.000483431,0.0000591454,0.00008706116,0.000050688734,0.00043989153,0.000001554552],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022838796,0.0013448693,0.5927306,0.00096396235,0.00010776612,0.00018965635,0.011131017,0.31170705,0.016012209,0.0065679727,0.02460287,0.03441364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023006543,0.00034044025,0.70116,0.0027278136,0.000053260268,0.000016657359,0.002265182,0.02246871,0.25797188,0.0018681069,0.007777705,0.0010495824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025480578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026416753,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28923833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008011912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6721778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984010873","doi":"10.3139/217.2820","title":"Absorption Coefficient Measurement in Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Polymer Processing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Materials science; Attenuation coefficient; Laser; Absorption (acoustics); Composite material; Polymer; Welding; Laser beam welding; Thermal; Optics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.031386801589745904,"score_gpt":0.25374421042963874,"score_spread":0.22235740883989283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984010873","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7486744,0.004617035,0.23116665,0.000321395,0.0006618999,0.00014677604,0.0000073106157,0.00031294746,0.014091601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99914056,0.00003521591,0.00070807966,0.000010289408,0.000056125155,0.0000055923892,0.0000030262404,0.0000143880825,0.000026715754],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922496,0.000008066538,0.0002054854,0.000083571125,0.00037781626,0.00010011326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997719,0.000009557708,0.000036737918,0.000043044565,0.00009959787,0.000039169216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016319474,0.000078555655,0.00008177286,0.00012046785,0.0000131051565,0.000022139357,0.000113936185,0.000045798777,0.000016274174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018937431,0.000068907124,0.000020915777,0.00009944357,0.000017686516,0.00008978174,0.000014126957,0.00007740019,0.0000017600494],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008747594,0.00020799326,0.0024366637,0.00026059104,0.000043882515,0.000013262288,0.0016005401,0.7642563,0.08078072,0.0001434386,0.0008472339,0.14932191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037069997,0.000023814802,0.0006623708,0.00059443846,0.000006820108,0.0000048376655,0.00011052669,0.07636323,0.92008346,0.0002924956,0.0013540252,0.00013327907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027916894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000051849875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8393027,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010216308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002865707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2809951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984208154","doi":"10.1179/174328407x243032","title":"Effect of boron and phosphorus on HAZ microfissuring of Allvac 718 Plus superalloy","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Liquation; Materials science; Boron; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Welding; Ductility (Earth science); Alloy; Heat-affected zone; Inconel; Carbide; Phosphorus","score_opus":0.003199790354368237,"score_gpt":0.21807887701407624,"score_spread":0.214879086659708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984208154","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988032,0.0005661283,0.000011218115,0.00012715695,0.000072251816,0.00011006361,0.000005443363,0.00016742581,0.00013710496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99911934,0.00045413416,0.00040048882,0.0000062346967,0.0000074674317,0.0000038346134,3.7325356e-7,0.0000050264102,0.0000031120057],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944717,0.0000072031758,0.0001401439,0.00014254672,0.00009211473,0.00017079893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976707,0.000018525077,0.000027013779,0.00013955403,0.000026118829,0.000021710815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029513196,0.00009269498,0.00022610728,0.00018839394,0.00004510801,0.000018459645,0.00016174,0.00009598421,0.000005468624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044531214,0.0000707119,0.000007289292,0.00021364329,0.00032831376,0.000054465017,0.000054998134,0.00004321674,4.5831493e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001581432,0.0000045168376,0.00018826168,0.000065599845,0.00000207442,0.000002277379,0.00001721529,0.000015242458,0.9886735,0.0009994922,0.000032436084,0.00998354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001525735,0.00068127445,0.0010174089,0.00007867581,0.000005171,0.00000999848,0.00000679831,0.000024467483,0.99732083,0.00040558408,0.00022876392,0.000068465335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053355543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.489179e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009915074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019467858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008650559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28835475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985543183","doi":"10.1115/ipc2002-27295","title":"High-Speed Tandem GMAW for Pipeline Welding","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"4th International Pipeline Conference, Parts A and B","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Welding power supply; Mechanical engineering; Pipeline (software); Torch; Electrogas welding; Robot welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Arc welding; Engineering; Filler metal","score_opus":0.035644473155407336,"score_gpt":0.25523804544227,"score_spread":0.2195935722868627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985543183","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3175312,0.0039254567,0.51281464,0.014731371,0.00750255,0.0017990582,0.0007272281,0.0032747204,0.13769381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902462,0.0009745505,0.0026821794,0.00013515883,0.0007266468,0.000026901604,0.00006244113,0.000024874103,0.0051210886],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909496,0.0000075376074,0.00029539972,0.00021056412,0.00016843685,0.00022307085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953043,0.00007192941,0.000047446272,0.000110209374,0.00015318404,0.0000867809],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009484526,0.0001818061,0.00019830828,0.00010407564,0.00008160933,0.0001237186,0.00018462018,0.00009598624,0.00078429194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058251753,0.00015604192,0.000056202807,0.000060771923,0.00004410328,0.000120419565,0.00004487789,0.00012406612,0.000017106317],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000650602,0.0002353133,0.0025246455,0.00021887224,0.00021275936,0.000037320235,0.00046366954,0.012598695,0.0037952024,0.05182071,0.8386039,0.08942385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010131928,0.00007184178,0.00028539335,0.00016783908,0.00003359707,0.000021274098,0.000046397745,0.4223305,0.014437404,0.0050518573,0.5561081,0.0004326093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002888293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022400322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67271495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002265463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000057030256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8587447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986864299","doi":"10.1179/1362171813y.0000000163","title":"Effects of concavity on tensile and fatigue properties in fibre laser welding of automotive steels","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"International Zinc Association; ArcelorMittal","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Alloy; Metallurgy; Composite material; Laser beam welding; Fatigue limit","score_opus":0.009748888944897572,"score_gpt":0.2127096653659833,"score_spread":0.20296077642108573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986864299","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99864405,0.0004179988,0.00007827231,0.00015485976,0.000034984052,0.00017518226,6.937391e-7,0.00012030669,0.00037366143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99794537,0.000079032914,0.0019451343,0.0000073797387,0.0000033049812,0.000010466404,4.592438e-8,0.0000058841188,0.000003392376],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993157,0.000008990274,0.0001942231,0.00015784342,0.00013195456,0.00019133004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960697,0.00008907924,0.00006543256,0.00010385064,0.00010818023,0.000026476742],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000246527,0.00009089394,0.00022478802,0.00043651744,0.00006183367,0.0000112869675,0.00013598119,0.00008909262,0.0000020725865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034458816,0.000072578485,0.000011676586,0.00056078495,0.0008093654,0.0001954391,0.00009772959,0.00012877044,1.6618762e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000068745335,0.000044798275,0.058738284,0.0006376075,0.000018059125,0.0000052365713,0.0009396695,0.002953639,0.91342145,0.000999115,0.000048395064,0.022186859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015850765,0.00019485893,0.018549172,0.00073532347,0.000004307759,0.0000037319023,0.00052648503,0.0007288559,0.97834545,0.00067278504,0.0000058343685,0.00007470032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006839765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023152322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06492397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000142068675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001744238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29821405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990495140","doi":"10.1115/pvp2014-28223","title":"Welding Distortion Can be Mitigated if Welding Current and Traveling Speed Vary Optimized Along a Weld Path","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Distortion (music); Rotational speed; Robot welding; Mechanical engineering; Current (fluid); Materials science; Computer science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.012650497926990136,"score_gpt":0.22691088237847967,"score_spread":0.21426038445148954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1990495140","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90882343,0.0008198228,0.0844363,0.00032527742,0.0005805651,0.00029972027,0.000016950462,0.0016437392,0.003054218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902355,0.0008008598,0.008580141,0.00004041327,0.00019662928,0.000013248839,0.00003100451,0.000055682853,0.000046486763],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987043,0.000039218605,0.000365455,0.00030075872,0.00019660866,0.00039364552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994355,0.000102485144,0.000054460277,0.00020151127,0.000033058503,0.00017297632],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026079506,0.0002760664,0.0003083416,0.00010622209,0.00017313345,0.00010875698,0.00013802544,0.00013033595,0.00006372897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000062808234,0.0002456849,0.00007731721,0.00015742936,0.00004126427,0.0001287747,0.00006297198,0.0002891068,0.0000020668506],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022773817,0.00039490726,0.018960679,0.003651885,0.0006993538,0.00012627865,0.0052994373,0.6240244,0.076781616,0.0040539973,0.0323791,0.2334006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030742006,0.00024812942,0.008370942,0.0019300687,0.00026372983,0.0000802169,0.0005703635,0.52326083,0.4366331,0.0016613174,0.021431144,0.0024759157],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003103336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003352335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3598515,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073477335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009812384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991385902","doi":"10.1115/icone18-30349","title":"Advances in the Application of Remote Weld Repairs","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering: Volume 3","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Nondestructive testing; Computer science; Reliability engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.009862652789735674,"score_gpt":0.24563076922164215,"score_spread":0.23576811643190648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991385902","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72970444,0.00024922536,0.043893266,0.0030939602,0.0029361479,0.00090925494,0.000068528374,0.0019775997,0.21716757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943173,0.0002451194,0.0052344687,0.000022837288,0.000107426735,0.000008446644,0.000005663188,0.000021703447,0.000037040914],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993661,0.000005397433,0.00018594453,0.0001241932,0.00020033958,0.00011801566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964875,0.000025748903,0.000034687597,0.00021839188,0.00004733848,0.00002505511],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011767967,0.0001076157,0.00009891669,0.00010443573,0.000016384307,0.00002914506,0.00043096518,0.00007552376,0.0001426637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004790683,0.00008943343,0.00003942462,0.00010795515,0.000026756217,0.00010344094,0.00002356824,0.00031831992,0.000024394181],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008047333,0.00020791838,0.0013881889,0.00034495123,0.00007763302,0.000025438976,0.0011014426,0.19570692,0.06937585,0.56429875,0.0074732904,0.15991911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011631088,0.00004788276,0.0024012898,0.00006843712,0.000003371199,0.0000074609607,0.000056005607,0.7211769,0.0021788997,0.00094416115,0.27283666,0.00016262103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035110603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025902917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5633546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018702189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005499278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36469895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992826245","doi":"10.1115/imece2014-39317","title":"Evaluation of Electron Beam Welded AISI 415 Stainless Steel","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; Cégep de Sorel-Tracy; National Research Council Canada; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Weldability; Electron beam welding; Metallurgy; Turbine; Martensitic stainless steel; Heat-affected zone; Microstructure; Cathode ray; Martensite; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Electron; Engineering","score_opus":0.010357501389479539,"score_gpt":0.2421386086995141,"score_spread":0.23178110731003454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1992826245","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828268,0.0005112701,0.012035486,0.000026375832,0.00022253137,0.00033681697,0.000006051802,0.00060024374,0.0034343891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997475,0.00014123273,0.0019971472,0.000009821173,0.000106153515,0.000053314026,0.000013007923,0.000056031487,0.00014825085],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984787,0.000051604628,0.00030210734,0.00024422028,0.00054086704,0.0003825098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931514,0.00005080331,0.00008706033,0.00036669587,0.000111169415,0.000069138056],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005516336,0.00021997074,0.00026714592,0.0001314386,0.0000735725,0.000026884836,0.00022065488,0.00010922719,0.00006061511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000073171104,0.00021778923,0.0000723876,0.00008891672,0.000030466425,0.00020213448,0.00005255843,0.00020348973,0.000010634207],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012472212,0.000023372606,0.000056944435,0.00018473332,0.00004515327,7.532026e-7,0.00009139261,0.88649225,0.043692622,0.00005020371,0.00040488792,0.06894521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004487567,0.00008375322,0.002460835,0.000092599636,0.00005715802,0.0000019524844,0.00003071878,0.019356085,0.966305,0.0027128975,0.008191619,0.0002586041],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003110343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000035087447,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9226124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017113125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018441664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88811874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994126970","doi":"10.1007/s11661-011-1003-6","title":"Crossed-Wire Laser Microwelding of Pt-10 Pct Ir to 316 LVM Stainless Steel: Part II. Effect of Orientation on Joining Mechanism","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Weldability; Fusion welding; Laser; Brazing; Heat-affected zone; Porosity; Alloy; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.010355688922997411,"score_gpt":0.23923644946556424,"score_spread":0.22888076054256684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994126970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9717588,0.00007121622,0.027166355,0.000023482988,0.00036030635,0.00024236603,0.000082785395,0.00013162728,0.00016306066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984345,0.00009585913,0.0011253502,0.000008095661,0.000058381866,0.000056228528,0.000010881954,0.000025037132,0.0001856779],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991374,0.00005743187,0.00031579201,0.00013571767,0.00012991116,0.00022374766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964404,0.00007261888,0.000050353316,0.00011226395,0.000025472928,0.00009525991],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031869358,0.00015966939,0.00036021342,0.00008291998,0.000106765554,0.000032997763,0.000061516555,0.00010284313,0.00066793925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009865719,0.00012669551,0.00007009389,0.00011719354,0.000032247706,0.000120021985,0.000011962412,0.00006337997,0.0000044743942],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035640787,0.00019836644,0.000008884036,0.0011354351,0.00019810324,0.0000064605983,0.00058454124,0.009200805,0.98376405,0.0014025676,0.00019555155,0.0029488066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003278359,0.00032738395,0.00016805198,0.00015957576,0.00008712712,0.000007951727,0.000036845708,0.000048350565,0.99528,0.000052787575,0.003363876,0.00014018518],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045118326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005034754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026675688,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015551388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036874203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73134667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995564898","doi":"10.2351/1.3485596","title":"Laser lap welding of zinc coated steel sheet with laser-dimple technology","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Laser beam welding; Welding; Electric resistance welding; Butt welding; Sheet metal; Arc welding; Coating; Metallurgy; Gas metal arc welding; Composite material","score_opus":0.007315793917395234,"score_gpt":0.23849887083183616,"score_spread":0.23118307691444093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995564898","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849818,0.00009107716,0.010860129,0.0005629382,0.00008313308,0.0002507434,0.000036439742,0.00024327716,0.0028904919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851208,0.00009930933,0.014485041,0.000014890885,0.00011360226,0.000041844327,0.000004908227,0.000032198528,0.00008745866],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991612,0.000007701931,0.00038616572,0.00009771034,0.00016762747,0.00017961065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991569,0.00006679353,0.00019438547,0.00028947502,0.00020805435,0.00008438601],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013639237,0.00013166059,0.00024643465,0.0002453913,0.000070839684,0.00002106657,0.00032611104,0.00015715488,0.00008692049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015901905,0.00010148686,0.00006043656,0.0004676046,0.00009181229,0.00010412263,0.000037109163,0.00047538365,0.0000068175577],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021046023,0.0016125613,0.039714374,0.000885483,0.0013901026,0.00015482139,0.00042269216,0.13688579,0.68541086,0.008458343,0.09815692,0.026697611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004426775,0.00013007884,0.0010183292,0.000075019474,0.00007258944,0.00014214363,0.00009180465,0.0003048839,0.9096934,0.0011449041,0.086705014,0.00017912207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014783921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009608645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22428259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021368447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000379273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4138514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996769701","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.663","title":"Hybrid Fiber Laser – Arc Welding of High Strength Low Alloy Steel","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Groove (engineering); Alloy; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Softening","score_opus":0.005620959409968044,"score_gpt":0.2069287530400524,"score_spread":0.20130779363008436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996769701","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972757,0.000011611649,0.00023627239,0.00009291997,0.00059766794,0.00009668014,0.00004341944,0.00027001402,0.0013756914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99669003,0.000014346759,0.0030200304,0.00002431504,0.00008258066,0.000009970542,0.0000041155877,0.000019928966,0.00013468834],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988678,0.00001541375,0.00023806996,0.000197343,0.00026843094,0.00041290568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995255,0.000033074677,0.00005338096,0.0002759046,0.000039524104,0.00007262158],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039798103,0.00013435377,0.00020867735,0.000106164785,0.00010468097,0.00010199321,0.0004140522,0.00003910449,0.00043885276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000553648,0.000109541805,0.000028099455,0.00013941442,0.00018069638,0.0001536594,0.00013718406,0.000045850473,0.000036369016],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008565343,0.00002765066,0.000099223165,0.00016278797,0.000007869234,0.0000029643222,0.00003352521,0.022239098,0.97004056,0.0009728442,0.0045414786,0.0018634215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009139513,0.00004929132,0.0005073984,0.00008969346,0.000004088354,0.0000033805125,0.000010224398,0.00040692172,0.99397725,0.00095933006,0.0037561154,0.0001449027],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000092391725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004461684,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023936687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027649043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013420894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.480513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998451529","doi":"10.2351/1.1356420","title":"The effects of Ni and Au/Ni platings on laser welding of thin sheets","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Plating (geology); Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Aluminium; Nickel; Flash welding; Composite material; Base metal; Laser beam welding; Alloy; Shear strength (soil); Gas metal arc welding","score_opus":0.005609603539435894,"score_gpt":0.23063906417614588,"score_spread":0.22502946063670998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998451529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99436486,0.00046474856,0.0023344606,0.00026365914,0.000069635455,0.00016214712,0.000003731858,0.000028755241,0.002307991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976063,0.0010198564,0.001197614,0.00001244653,0.000086160064,0.000013055985,4.3571066e-7,0.000011711078,0.000052468582],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943745,0.000012300427,0.0002762296,0.000047799862,0.0001320943,0.000094101095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926555,0.00035251275,0.00015548943,0.00012743792,0.000056722067,0.00004230516],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016326451,0.00007130987,0.00013611237,0.000058996902,0.00007789016,0.000013317194,0.00013838767,0.000046993344,0.000005351623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004826075,0.000047092024,0.000043120035,0.00012409393,0.000036284528,0.0000494674,0.00001958246,0.00014972377,7.5576816e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056966447,0.0016557309,0.06894566,0.0052409405,0.0019413005,0.00011490909,0.0059697605,0.35147062,0.21896832,0.012009124,0.14097391,0.19214007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006644594,0.00036379736,0.021157818,0.0007341944,0.00011129732,0.00007198362,0.00016680005,0.00072903826,0.9426443,0.0038825572,0.029268285,0.0002054936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001795077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011401687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72367597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002098854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011665782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19203569},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998877967","doi":"10.1115/1.4002858","title":"Effect of Misalignment and Weld Induced Residual Stresses on the Local Buckling Response of Pipelines","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Residual stress; Structural engineering; Girth (graph theory); Pipeline transport; Materials science; Buckling; Finite element method; Joint (building); Parametric statistics; Carbon steel; Composite material; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Corrosion","score_opus":0.013308712292484556,"score_gpt":0.2360117938549657,"score_spread":0.22270308156248114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998877967","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952843,0.0028973904,0.0008824925,0.0003967835,0.0001374162,0.00015169501,0.0000086574455,0.00008689655,0.00015432203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985391,0.00053090975,0.0008381005,0.0000064517517,0.000046555317,0.0000056377685,1.500477e-7,0.000023705943,0.000009389232],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987967,0.00015863024,0.00052996166,0.000108442604,0.00022837975,0.00017787272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985693,0.00067679473,0.00031624525,0.00028115444,0.00011753319,0.00003896632],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009097213,0.00018043487,0.00044314485,0.00037355704,0.000037042384,0.0000069718103,0.0004104834,0.00029175877,0.000022208256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047098074,0.0001085431,0.000066741624,0.00022618382,0.00022906454,0.00005549209,0.00008927221,0.00043831748,3.3072374e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.006055425,0.00035529642,0.0065901624,0.001899743,0.0013431186,0.00019028745,0.0012422415,0.0048685623,0.9370242,0.0027063447,0.01087699,0.02684767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035043847,0.002146039,0.00088580983,0.0004927114,0.00012709046,0.000058572863,0.00019914401,0.00010348787,0.9940961,0.0006580507,0.0007851936,0.00009735527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016017782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017849546,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05707195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010811565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002133887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4426259},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999303778","doi":"10.1115/pvp2012-78156","title":"Mitigation of Distortion in an Edge-Welded Bar by Optimization Control of the Welding Current and Speed Profile During Welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; Carleton University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Distortion (music); Clamping; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Electric resistance welding; Upset welding; Computer science; Heat-affected zone; Engineering; Gas metal arc welding","score_opus":0.007028839965477865,"score_gpt":0.2218182999948535,"score_spread":0.21478946002937563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999303778","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9800063,0.00078565034,0.01853093,0.00002034915,0.00013715052,0.0002497066,0.000008409065,0.000072153794,0.00018940127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985482,0.00012733045,0.0012480789,0.0000013582908,0.000038602626,0.000008389898,0.000008454463,0.000012499055,0.0000070837414],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943554,0.000027598297,0.0002316997,0.00007390272,0.00009851318,0.00013274742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975973,0.000019997555,0.000064601525,0.000098031036,0.00002345043,0.000034174987],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011851015,0.00008223926,0.00012224169,0.000053304942,0.000035316487,0.000009121662,0.000062153944,0.00005359425,0.000029229905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022836968,0.00006231106,0.000022776496,0.00010064935,0.00002583999,0.0002384892,0.000019160547,0.00007749513,1.3103651e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033101784,0.00016354979,0.30634335,0.0008760614,0.00002524544,1.5161993e-7,0.00081316853,0.45533457,0.2319798,0.00026224172,0.00027572582,0.0038930401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004144638,0.000022589578,0.05202309,0.00021399387,0.000016761125,8.6664426e-7,0.000080814694,0.048410505,0.898641,0.000022600774,0.00003419581,0.000119119606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022677554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004028132,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6666612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038566144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000030914587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25409713},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000112524","doi":"10.1179/174328409x439105","title":"Single pass laser joining of Inconel 718 superalloy with filler","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Inconel; Heat-affected zone; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Grain boundary; Microstructure; Laser beam welding; Cracking; Filler metal; Composite material; Liquation; Alloy; Arc welding","score_opus":0.005717357509457743,"score_gpt":0.19260675690677237,"score_spread":0.18688939939731464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000112524","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99845207,0.00001800071,0.000037752576,0.0002622336,0.00016227982,0.00006093435,0.0000058326764,0.00033705798,0.0006638528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944254,0.000018768591,0.005493005,0.000011693852,0.00001838881,0.000009924503,6.1595216e-7,0.000009180009,0.000013026922],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994525,0.0000024658661,0.000114118964,0.00013528066,0.00010376028,0.00019191852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997044,0.000009615898,0.000022619288,0.00016803727,0.000068737936,0.000026579872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015988894,0.000079439924,0.00013856663,0.00019332659,0.000069880334,0.00004014287,0.00019623525,0.00010490944,0.000061224775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004202429,0.000056407684,0.0000044333424,0.00033181676,0.0006191972,0.000106478445,0.00008798824,0.00008005243,0.0000019531767],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000019126503,0.0000073899537,0.0005563884,0.000019143201,0.0000022941797,0.0000029581222,0.000018668683,0.000007924802,0.9971527,0.0010234779,0.00013343252,0.001073726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000076416414,0.00008509393,0.00061870686,0.000024642817,0.0000028158786,0.000025781435,0.00003793476,0.000022473518,0.9967324,0.00069351913,0.0015964569,0.0000837474],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026201948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023977793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0054552522,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000070244496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001871708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23002386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000327325","doi":"10.1115/pvp2008-61795","title":"Comparison of Neutron Diffraction Residual Stress Measurements of Steel Welded Repairs With Current Fitness-for-Purpose Assessments","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council; Monash University; National Research Council Canada; Australian Government; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Materials science; Neutron diffraction; Carbon steel; Stringer; Diffraction; Composite material; Stress (linguistics); Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Corrosion; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.08678454577550114,"score_gpt":0.3469138898883579,"score_spread":0.26012934411285676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000327325","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920327,0.00042695933,0.005300856,0.000010740463,0.00019718708,0.00048131976,0.000036128517,0.00029719618,0.0012169215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99302435,0.00014573793,0.00661433,0.000001235747,0.00004301356,0.000046932513,0.000036395777,0.00003076344,0.000057254623],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987164,0.00002675193,0.00043960373,0.00018354635,0.00041980785,0.00021387907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930674,0.000055452892,0.00016140848,0.0002639708,0.00015788252,0.00005457457],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010288095,0.00018664857,0.0003748292,0.00010540973,0.00006609045,0.0000080091195,0.00015711959,0.00008251372,0.000027213786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000125985525,0.00014729233,0.00006497151,0.00013890852,0.00006152206,0.00013048042,0.0000296046,0.0001397925,4.9156046e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004772593,0.0016710162,0.8083921,0.0029139868,0.0005053942,0.000004861345,0.0005128584,0.095278755,0.055202436,0.00015714606,0.01827157,0.016612608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009825671,0.0005960033,0.16456972,0.0004100233,0.00007725735,0.0000031637069,0.00016849078,0.002902014,0.82931656,0.00001530937,0.0006824622,0.00027642195],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000090032285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000071138296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77411413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005481589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028333929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6006407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001558170","doi":"10.1154/1.2951801","title":"S209 <i>Invited</i> —Neutron Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress in Welds Fabricated From Highly Anisotropic Materials","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Diffraction","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Deep River Science Academy","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Neutron diffraction; Anisotropy; Neutron; Residual; Content (measure theory); Stress (linguistics); Diffraction; Nuclear engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Optics; Nuclear physics; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.027147674931262602,"score_gpt":0.23519463578015887,"score_spread":0.20804696084889626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001558170","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977145,0.00025199403,0.0002706222,0.00018145435,0.0005704196,0.00023129022,0.00007265103,0.00040842924,0.00029859567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982648,0.0007992095,0.00042323978,0.00002974634,0.00020006641,0.000035863435,0.00016255544,0.000048599086,0.000035921123],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998514,0.00008420394,0.0004832928,0.00026960362,0.0003568058,0.00029209984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939436,0.000060255705,0.00015127093,0.00027744574,0.00005737853,0.00005926758],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008540893,0.00023687909,0.00032893327,0.00020858101,0.00007777969,0.000027766177,0.00014895754,0.00023497891,0.00010088981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027643115,0.00023301697,0.00004865971,0.0002393674,0.0000403142,0.00034321717,0.000033339675,0.00022843808,0.000016557591],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009737605,0.00019827641,0.032921806,0.000081219696,0.00006223066,0.000012984871,0.00014598903,0.0029064668,0.95941216,0.000003700081,0.0036652859,0.00049253646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038251028,0.00004913822,0.34554118,0.00008918644,0.000021939813,0.000004082244,0.000025474057,0.00006737356,0.65305257,0.000056406276,0.0005401417,0.00016998539],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032209286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016863541,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31261936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018934418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011296256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95021564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002193307","doi":"10.1115/pvp2011-57955","title":"Mitigation of Distortion in an Edge-Welded Bar by Clamping Parameters","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Clamping; Distortion (music); Structural engineering; Welding; Bar (unit); Displacement (psychology); Four-bar linkage; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Electronic engineering","score_opus":0.02174767838581731,"score_gpt":0.2238576460123693,"score_spread":0.20210996762655198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002193307","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98584014,0.00006344851,0.011145044,0.0000056802514,0.000049348335,0.000068456684,0.0000018489194,0.00018290564,0.0026431312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99316335,0.000038035792,0.0067445976,0.000005843509,0.000005940505,0.000007757094,0.000010343267,0.00000895625,0.000015153453],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996692,0.000009126628,0.00013133524,0.000064099775,0.00004555631,0.000080668135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986,0.0000075860044,0.000015541815,0.00008472952,0.000008779658,0.000023375404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004401467,0.000052168118,0.00006924297,0.000040668994,0.000008652001,0.00000433806,0.000055059027,0.00005277841,0.000046594683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000056463846,0.000047372887,0.000016025746,0.000055773875,0.000015271611,0.00010427786,0.000006275637,0.000045932415,0.0000013180857],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013386636,0.00082533574,0.248922,0.0012370422,0.00013393986,0.000021284397,0.0083340565,0.022976601,0.5685881,0.0061328034,0.024294218,0.118400775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009810508,0.0000685324,0.020056741,0.000049150323,0.0000041362387,3.8588732e-7,0.000064016414,0.0020324315,0.9764944,0.0008729588,0.00014653394,0.00011260786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015874342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044836204,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40790632,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002139268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000017354558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19318102},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002510000","doi":"10.5430/air.v1n2p131","title":"Prediction of weld quality using intelligent decision making tools","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Artificial Intelligence Research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial neural network; Computer science; Particle swarm optimization; Taguchi methods; Artificial intelligence; Process (computing); Machine learning; Field (mathematics); Genetic algorithm; Predictive modelling; Data mining","score_opus":0.5156509725328996,"score_gpt":0.48932993510336553,"score_spread":0.026321037429534067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002510000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65956324,0.0007678408,0.3373554,0.000017607543,0.00041547744,0.00025090823,0.00001955131,0.00017558574,0.0014343633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99038076,0.00038649532,0.008863661,0.0000031548188,0.00031389238,0.000014801505,0.0000031409315,0.000027050859,0.00000702804],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99775434,0.00014166767,0.00062409794,0.00017697732,0.00068396196,0.00061893277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984639,0.00080815156,0.000045722125,0.00033861445,0.00022664497,0.00011694946],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026026883,0.00013038688,0.00019798864,0.00029342176,0.00016072438,0.00007509829,0.0003019206,0.00015496122,0.00024040208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006870002,0.00011913327,0.00008077531,0.00067485124,0.00016415142,0.00032507596,0.00014882302,0.00041112734,0.000057327805],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010390852,0.00024968327,0.0051875357,0.00026596285,0.000051610805,0.0000035652452,0.0012482131,0.0450198,0.093043074,0.018035721,0.0006429827,0.83614796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000080056225,0.0000669105,0.0011947497,0.000313172,0.000006712498,0.00000446249,0.0009114373,0.019019421,0.95939803,0.018091286,0.0008400019,0.00014583187],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016602087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022799766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86635494,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015975165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026540407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48581138},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003101689","doi":"10.4271/2014-01-0837","title":"Residual Stress Mapping along the Cylinder Bores of Al Alloy Engine Blocks Subjected to Production Solution Heat Treatment Schedule","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"AUTO21 Network of Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Residual stress; Alloy; Materials science; Schedule; Cylinder; Structural engineering; Stress (linguistics); Engineering; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.010763845675596675,"score_gpt":0.232701881429207,"score_spread":0.22193803575361032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003101689","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962406,0.00019278725,0.0011084912,0.0011874209,0.0010679897,0.00011336806,0.000016870696,0.000040418217,0.00003206063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972575,0.00048807115,0.0014624075,0.00002464309,0.00072608906,0.0000053273743,0.0000064911055,0.000015438096,0.000014067502],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991128,0.000037669077,0.00038388983,0.00009909988,0.00023454452,0.00013198971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962616,0.000042834887,0.000103492916,0.000087860564,0.000095149684,0.00004449707],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029081383,0.0001300229,0.00019130141,0.00014466309,0.000052829382,0.00007463752,0.00016014992,0.000047030797,0.000025500634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039532722,0.00008598404,0.00004082454,0.000022838258,0.000024662542,0.00011469238,0.00004997447,0.00007181778,4.858717e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012602509,0.00005144531,0.00051868,0.000067185174,0.00030731273,0.000009751074,0.00044445522,0.07233853,0.9191962,0.000026532922,0.00069878757,0.006215128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025060296,0.0001026888,0.024047788,0.0002933511,0.000019966918,0.000060573253,0.000054455308,0.00006618848,0.9733303,0.000088110035,0.001603521,0.00008244009],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022027407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010301957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07227234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006219143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000099028175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35063273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003362327","doi":"10.2351/1.1494082","title":"Effects of laser welding parameters on magnetic materials with the aid of a mechatronic measuring system","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Laser; Ferromagnetism; Nd:YAG laser; Magnetization; Composite material; Magnet; Metallurgy; Magnetic field; Optics; Mechanical engineering; Condensed matter physics","score_opus":0.008629132478067278,"score_gpt":0.18408375157489335,"score_spread":0.17545461909682608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003362327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889552,0.00080403447,0.009199846,0.00014625721,0.000059331593,0.00039483834,0.0000074008008,0.00005748181,0.00037561162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99752045,0.00017782272,0.0021522527,0.000006168109,0.000047807313,0.000057927915,2.6693712e-7,0.000019893496,0.000017385788],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928313,0.00003190535,0.0003091139,0.00006128628,0.00019946267,0.0001151176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934417,0.00017184783,0.00020568202,0.00017836312,0.000062548235,0.00003739712],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016122144,0.0000991669,0.0002227629,0.0000893518,0.000041854535,0.00001673559,0.00020356201,0.000042723415,0.000014027881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008561707,0.000060327362,0.000060609953,0.00015094643,0.00003151344,0.00004379827,0.000013646679,0.00011479517,0.0000026224384],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023440756,0.0006604683,0.00033067906,0.008674356,0.0010690787,0.000053177166,0.00096608564,0.63883686,0.33090833,0.0027885544,0.009133049,0.006344964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028892324,0.00022308229,0.00018217364,0.0005672617,0.000120305886,0.000031244228,0.00007284882,0.00020516841,0.9973148,0.00005187541,0.00086549844,0.000076823344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000060219027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018750574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66640645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044022105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059105023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24600784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005833830","doi":"10.1115/pvp2007-26544","title":"Transformation Temperatures and Welding Residual Stresses in Ferritic Steels","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Martensite; Consumables; Groove (engineering); Neutron diffraction; Stress (linguistics); Context (archaeology); Filler metal; Composite material; Arc welding; Microstructure; Diffraction; Geology","score_opus":0.007850574754166945,"score_gpt":0.23390579926715,"score_spread":0.22605522451298304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005833830","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97931415,0.00084670784,0.0015927748,0.0001026701,0.000059155846,0.00012209406,0.0000037661127,0.00041187662,0.017546782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99796414,0.0004521409,0.0014441663,0.000021648517,0.000045780744,0.000004231517,0.0000043457803,0.0000134959,0.000050051378],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999431,0.0000068932786,0.00018256584,0.00008600727,0.000090952126,0.00020254914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980974,0.00006542208,0.0000069341345,0.00006485939,0.000010590135,0.00004243112],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001607063,0.000098810095,0.0000987951,0.00013953196,0.00003870205,0.000050546154,0.000054423017,0.0000752145,0.000027412463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011926268,0.00008399401,0.000012473277,0.0001201283,0.000019230185,0.00016822675,0.000009341572,0.00013137516,0.0000010972299],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004895594,0.0006642207,0.14201015,0.009602469,0.000436926,0.0012985159,0.021487694,0.17186105,0.27432507,0.13113473,0.050233386,0.19645622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045190385,0.00006358327,0.047688417,0.00028771913,0.000009576582,0.000033018536,0.0010342355,0.00051598274,0.9440329,0.0013528249,0.0041429442,0.00038687675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008162879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046702367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66970783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022104861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000034746108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34251764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008007956","doi":"10.1007/s11661-003-1013-0","title":"X-ray-based measurement of composition during electron beam melting of AISI 316 stainless steel: Part II. Evaporative processes and simulation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Cathode ray; Materials science; Composition (language); Metallurgy; Electron; X-ray; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Nuclear physics; Environmental chemistry; Art","score_opus":0.015499189112768399,"score_gpt":0.22838866158584434,"score_spread":0.21288947247307594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008007956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9107418,0.00037008265,0.0885038,0.000012143698,0.000032581556,0.00020375862,0.000025307294,0.00007683896,0.00003368049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998551,0.0001604213,0.0012243204,0.000001463749,0.0000092616,0.000028696428,0.000006413378,0.000012460615,0.0000059332824],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928087,0.000043337648,0.0002876468,0.0001193584,0.00015205023,0.00011675976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970347,0.000032510758,0.000066083674,0.000054961976,0.00010796463,0.000035036297],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019858844,0.000111124245,0.00024650746,0.00005279393,0.00010549561,0.000023256709,0.000025222313,0.000059295504,0.00004622225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010552308,0.00009706429,0.00002482448,0.00010106415,0.000046909212,0.00009183019,0.000002724745,0.000044408273,5.246735e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054046282,0.00009259273,0.0000023484595,0.0011417159,0.00006181977,0.0000010888765,0.00008796405,0.33626547,0.66215646,0.00006509216,6.1870173e-7,0.00007075495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036447294,0.00010927929,0.00016736917,0.0001859819,0.00007586692,0.0000027746407,0.000030036786,0.0012151572,0.9974892,0.00007242246,0.00017908501,0.00010833471],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001675283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009754914,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33533272,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018026636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001539079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39581665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008552711","doi":"10.14419/ijet.v4i1.3928","title":"Mechanical and metallurgical properties of DP 1000 steel square butt welded joints with GMAW","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Engineering & Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Tempering; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Butt joint; Gas metal arc welding; Martensite; Softening; Base metal; Composite material; Flash welding; Heat-affected zone; Microstructure","score_opus":0.007147199119381299,"score_gpt":0.19971197844518246,"score_spread":0.19256477932580116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008552711","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9205341,0.00081357587,0.076865666,0.00089232135,0.00034619722,0.00007516902,0.0000033879203,0.00028191096,0.00018769763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99167496,0.00021103663,0.007973914,0.0000074056325,0.00009076069,0.000004377398,5.139252e-7,0.000024769342,0.000012236309],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915326,0.000007910668,0.00035522197,0.00009103699,0.0002522378,0.00014035159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995117,0.000035016747,0.0000959476,0.000106999796,0.00020256169,0.000047781108],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013819378,0.00013910497,0.00028237558,0.00038415127,0.000012207928,0.00001984864,0.0003354313,0.00014892538,0.0000149388525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008970071,0.00010071496,0.000053833297,0.00010929436,0.00006274847,0.00009174191,0.000071765135,0.00030917468,8.7543157e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029157716,0.00023057964,0.0008520032,0.00048694742,0.0019236741,0.0002745439,0.00017992323,0.28965142,0.643711,0.047362816,0.00048689512,0.014548608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00095327606,0.00062412914,0.0006601896,0.0009874,0.000065371765,0.0013037873,0.000054077573,0.022152063,0.9611047,0.0007927073,0.0110093,0.00029302554],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000040082705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020615123,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31739366,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038532522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011143221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4107037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009131677","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.222.150","title":"Process Analysis of Laser Welding Method with Polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Victoria","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Work (physics); Laser beam welding; Absorption (acoustics); Laser; Diffusion; Thermal; Composite material; Range (aeronautics); Energy (signal processing); Mechanical engineering; Optics; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.06437268722969713,"score_gpt":0.37539879937492837,"score_spread":0.31102611214523124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009131677","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99192965,0.000097907505,0.0036761677,0.0000073140936,0.000046083267,0.00021376202,0.0000422314,0.0002215767,0.003765314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9700512,0.00018848335,0.029538974,0.0000022979484,0.000021737833,0.0000754993,0.000010732345,0.000039836912,0.00007118705],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863964,0.0000957138,0.00027388788,0.00023526479,0.0003405096,0.00041497243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992559,0.00009609162,0.00004764115,0.00034538368,0.00018053045,0.00007443669],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061878737,0.00014376936,0.00037541043,0.000492692,0.00006372135,0.000026503856,0.00028826582,0.00008168202,0.0005435499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038209968,0.00010837034,0.00004232622,0.0010542842,0.00007320164,0.0001559699,0.00006752586,0.0001316255,0.0000050812587],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003927861,0.00008494012,0.0014542062,0.00074345875,0.0011621382,0.0000612524,0.00096638396,0.06196918,0.92992413,0.00020407735,0.00007451369,0.0029629613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012681316,0.00012535253,0.0020270215,0.00008385057,0.0000807417,0.0000031165907,0.000098957265,0.00011024006,0.99649817,0.000619891,0.000086271495,0.0001395808],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017117606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025694633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06657406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028370936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015671483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59514904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009319174","doi":"10.1007/s11340-009-9228-7","title":"Advances in Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurements","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Hole drilling method; Deep hole drilling; Solid mechanics; Residual; Digital image correlation; Strain gauge; Computer science; Drilling; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Optics; Structural engineering; Physics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.02078646503748278,"score_gpt":0.2742904517955866,"score_spread":0.2535039867581038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009319174","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8731684,0.07314857,0.017363125,0.00019452925,0.0021257012,0.0011083051,0.000039774262,0.0030803862,0.029771188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99573135,0.0007531488,0.0033209468,0.00003876397,0.000096781376,0.000017736967,0.0000072488588,0.000023996083,0.000010032588],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990674,0.000016201462,0.00020704386,0.00018117587,0.00024302286,0.0002851066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997375,0.000009255364,0.00002311852,0.00015921029,0.000011639423,0.000059293143],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007895974,0.00017381292,0.0001574252,0.00008514783,0.000048114605,0.000032534845,0.00017884647,0.00008479702,0.000032853266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000076217775,0.00017194661,0.000033895147,0.0001354339,0.0000067603773,0.00021053468,0.000026310654,0.00013727935,0.000007848247],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008676897,0.000601401,0.00030430098,0.000105865794,0.00003232207,0.00010017237,0.0014652658,0.1416315,0.8101958,0.0067691556,0.0018465808,0.036860857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026272814,0.0001274152,0.000033195887,0.00013688876,0.0000024105375,0.0000021348735,0.00025818104,0.002739595,0.9939821,0.0011378216,0.0010925509,0.00022498592],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000070940328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011215436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18378627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011198636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005215706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70117795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009581271","doi":"10.1007/bf03266551","title":"A 3-D Thermal Model for Spot Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Solid mechanics; Spot welding; Finite element method; Welding; Laser beam welding; Lap joint; Thermal; Hot spot (computer programming); Laser; Composite material; Dimension (graph theory); Transient (computer programming); Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Optics; Computer science; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.018910955514829214,"score_gpt":0.25823630150603916,"score_spread":0.23932534599120994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009581271","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6417767,0.0003191313,0.34521988,0.00016715736,0.0001580636,0.0003931166,0.000009760552,0.00024103028,0.011715156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98662275,0.00003244007,0.012959067,0.000038209884,0.00008796222,0.000018023924,0.0000023346727,0.00003574422,0.00020346344],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913645,0.000013354369,0.00028102324,0.000115293944,0.000150862,0.00030299716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931866,0.00042052774,0.000038076363,0.0001728314,0.000017345426,0.000032555577],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006276989,0.00014244979,0.0001650581,0.00016650422,0.000063070016,0.000017554306,0.00028400106,0.000073256466,0.000017824072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020616397,0.00009819703,0.00008249533,0.00025795383,0.000031750522,0.000049044444,0.000017070566,0.00019441171,7.4534296e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006461407,0.000037141705,0.00022406066,0.00015298254,0.000015625337,0.0000055230344,0.0008550641,0.97504306,0.016214402,0.0007955206,0.0013409537,0.0052510593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046071055,0.000045161203,0.00068966043,0.00041589662,0.00003251381,0.000003056357,0.00012952056,0.36764967,0.622862,0.0021974116,0.0052357125,0.00027868748],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010245862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005449969,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6073934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028777002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000071338254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40043586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010771994","doi":"10.1115/ipc2008-64398","title":"The Effects of Squarewave Polarity Parameters on Microalloyed Steel Charpy V-Notch Results","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; EVRAZ (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Charpy impact test; Welding; Materials science; Heat-affected zone; Toughness; Metallurgy; Base metal; Microalloyed steel; Microstructure; Arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Composite material; Austenite","score_opus":0.01041229467361938,"score_gpt":0.2041225543229711,"score_spread":0.19371025964935173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010771994","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99152386,0.00035131982,0.000297074,0.00017030933,0.0002484988,0.00027298045,0.000012652909,0.00043136269,0.0066919597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99702734,0.00086658314,0.0016543521,0.000035801757,0.000027354434,0.000010848843,0.0000034917343,0.000018845512,0.00035539284],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992985,0.000026501506,0.00019710086,0.00012127471,0.00014702826,0.00020961062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910474,0.0004978147,0.000030425686,0.000299459,0.000023345296,0.000044215292],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009342759,0.00012838558,0.00014412956,0.000036748683,0.000110190434,0.000013750007,0.00018607374,0.00008803051,0.0000023132159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011817077,0.00007968851,0.00007054388,0.00009663459,0.00006969168,0.000027860013,0.000028398801,0.00015710492,0.000007003346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000962533,0.00060285174,0.0029025932,0.0017045651,0.0007687643,0.00027836143,0.0027514803,0.010711886,0.53942174,0.004874329,0.40761575,0.027405176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036261862,0.00022318844,0.0080755735,0.0000849075,0.0000077503655,0.000006238591,0.000014937772,0.00026269435,0.9862427,0.0001409596,0.004436696,0.00014172231],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002021129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024462746,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.446821,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024673061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006976648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3249603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011268979","doi":"10.1179/1879139511y.0000000009","title":"Laser welding of Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Canadian Standards Association; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Composite material; Heat-affected zone; Laser beam welding; Butt joint; Microstructure; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.018060067978769783,"score_gpt":0.17964737446782403,"score_spread":0.16158730648905426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011268979","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8406585,0.00058428844,0.0043041403,0.00010862287,0.0005443179,0.00029317098,0.00007601161,0.0006108681,0.15282011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969039,0.000025979589,0.0026289686,0.000046632314,0.00007752505,0.000014669276,0.0000060781385,0.000037533355,0.00025870666],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989663,0.000024346555,0.00027938554,0.0001758504,0.0001317495,0.00042236442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991619,0.00003429473,0.00003006014,0.00026915458,0.000035645942,0.0004689672],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010896912,0.00018242093,0.00026862754,0.00018657175,0.00005053669,0.000022559876,0.00027038332,0.00016175846,0.0017994465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010034483,0.00016375948,0.000123815,0.00019488306,0.0000735937,0.00010426899,0.000007425718,0.0001840023,0.000080282465],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026761208,0.0010215739,0.0056707337,0.0033078687,0.004989159,0.010972085,0.02844131,0.013495766,0.014539895,0.09331622,0.26275477,0.561223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002611975,0.0032424042,0.02635246,0.0007977145,0.0005957286,0.00038586056,0.0020072777,0.012002066,0.20304853,0.021200325,0.7229175,0.004838175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016015114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01602422,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5563848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006183029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041323445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011753788","doi":"10.5539/mas.v3n5p162","title":"The Numerical Simulation and Control of Microstructure in Heat-affected Zone in GMAW","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Font; Face (sociological concept); Mathematics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Sociology","score_opus":0.004478328075694139,"score_gpt":0.22710366893152084,"score_spread":0.2226253408558267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011753788","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8108223,0.0002102197,0.1884138,0.00006616507,0.00001459863,0.00017171874,0.0000012622131,0.000052233794,0.00024770995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993803,0.000013965298,0.00057377876,0.000018170696,0.0000057791794,0.0000036633537,2.3402177e-7,0.0000030184735,0.000001117799],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995269,0.0000050445565,0.000106117106,0.00010627195,0.00010748656,0.0001481729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998223,0.00004718628,0.000010353294,0.00008986683,0.000008902618,0.000021381498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013984845,0.0000567503,0.00008814327,0.000053619686,0.0000464969,0.000024878302,0.00011865054,0.000034674045,5.80062e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012487102,0.000039541956,0.0000062852346,0.00028336322,0.00010150355,0.000036593654,0.00001240177,0.0000891405,1.3816727e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000096013755,0.000005817023,0.00027885562,0.000004210949,4.041794e-7,5.1695605e-7,0.00013849637,0.4578448,0.531286,0.00015510044,0.000002378255,0.010273853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021612216,0.000014497974,0.07147627,0.000011437171,7.948039e-7,6.605089e-7,0.000007690736,0.8866745,0.039303735,0.0022188593,0.000020650818,0.00005474957],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018496028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015032794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49198225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024722644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007736766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16124742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013014109","doi":"10.1115/pvp2013-97948","title":"The Role of Computational Weld Mechanics in the Weld Repair of Canada’s NRU Nuclear Reactor","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada); Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Nuclear engineering; Shield; Nuclear transmutation; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Forensic engineering; Geology; Nuclear physics; Neutron","score_opus":0.0037086648528535,"score_gpt":0.16923360145722777,"score_spread":0.16552493660437426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013014109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9049821,0.00081183796,0.0006673675,0.002855978,0.00022070762,0.00070355844,0.000026024503,0.00044441677,0.08928804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99872327,0.000042793137,0.0011310849,0.000039042752,0.0000127657895,0.000005328124,0.0000011039906,0.000008799988,0.000035806035],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951726,0.000015091957,0.00016371119,0.000046458314,0.00015671729,0.000100751415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996405,0.00014818033,0.000026729678,0.00013689561,0.00003253088,0.000015152138],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010393799,0.000053995336,0.00007429206,0.000015549816,0.00002980683,0.00000880294,0.00017935185,0.000034075703,0.00008404866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022195129,0.000029184039,0.000028207545,0.00006322623,0.000012847313,0.000026603595,0.00002344811,0.000084095474,0.0000010255857],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020060561,0.00011683039,0.0013620129,0.00020277765,0.00017490087,0.000006176879,0.0012369467,0.11949916,0.006370803,0.26638114,0.59868443,0.0059447433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042486892,0.00022854446,0.031359468,0.00020537012,0.000031039843,0.000015576363,0.006748175,0.45852944,0.074754246,0.105416305,0.32170632,0.0005806179],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15093815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08064426,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3390303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021218606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033804867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9361316},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013270155","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.592","title":"Welding with High Power Fiber Laser API5L-X100 Pipeline Steel","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Weldability; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Ductility (Earth science); Metallurgy; Pipeline transport; Flash welding; Toughness; Electric resistance welding; Electrogas welding; Cracking; Heat-affected zone; Gas metal arc welding; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Creep","score_opus":0.004384108315756682,"score_gpt":0.2065876943757113,"score_spread":0.20220358605995464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013270155","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993034,0.000010300979,0.00027731663,0.00031236766,0.0011209106,0.00014634672,0.000029483774,0.0005533992,0.0045158756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923375,0.0000072712564,0.006855174,0.000056537112,0.000114981354,0.00001788932,0.000003705065,0.000030940064,0.00057599304],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875754,0.000006167331,0.00018064951,0.00024445084,0.00029438428,0.00051680714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999467,0.000016941864,0.000035474506,0.0003239636,0.000053140622,0.00010345545],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031544486,0.00016794067,0.00016863142,0.000107469394,0.0001980172,0.0002766406,0.0004138613,0.00007910049,0.001785514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025997608,0.00011706605,0.000018166,0.00026129253,0.00024357637,0.00032883487,0.000116426454,0.000120536235,0.0001096947],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010522848,0.000014063682,0.00012804227,0.000022362654,0.0000033021424,0.000009221901,0.00002916871,0.0014758805,0.9913234,0.00051130634,0.00620929,0.00026341755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011300139,0.000048814458,0.00079496554,0.000036084944,0.0000042371366,0.000016536529,0.000022867132,0.000041627376,0.9795418,0.000255358,0.018919894,0.00020486284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006619423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028057813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012710604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021459533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027049684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013564669","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2012.03.004","title":"Effect of welding-induced residual stress and distortion on ship hull girder ultimate strength","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Structures","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Structural engineering; Welding; Finite element method; Hull; Girder; Residual stress; Ultimate tensile strength; Distortion (music); Stress (linguistics); Compression (physics); Engineering; Materials science; Composite material","score_opus":0.006570454646802092,"score_gpt":0.24293263703188772,"score_spread":0.23636218238508563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013564669","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960364,0.00014615769,0.000043648284,0.000016885022,0.00022069438,0.00013403813,0.000014800328,0.00026406537,0.003123275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99927115,0.000030166462,0.000463966,0.000004733212,0.0001700883,0.0000076175093,0.000011641814,0.000025673124,0.000014937495],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927884,0.000040842533,0.00016058014,0.00012131833,0.00014573042,0.00025268717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995966,0.00010072321,0.00003783593,0.00017282568,0.000012371148,0.000079676356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011706827,0.00017778201,0.00018419049,0.00008236374,0.000055059376,0.000021893908,0.00009069975,0.0000825505,0.00007636166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052853513,0.00013377583,0.000032932545,0.00007691276,0.000035657224,0.000087350505,0.00006593154,0.00014264336,9.290277e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004657616,0.00009743396,0.70341694,0.0022522747,0.00025478183,0.000014203592,0.0007340027,0.006703518,0.031822007,0.0065438612,0.0015850218,0.24611017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002555711,0.0002360457,0.2818113,0.000038284503,0.0000241803,0.000004593629,0.000010647494,0.00007561361,0.71697974,0.00029307287,0.00012231151,0.00014866858],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012058836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017026852,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6851577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002098661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000020549205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.545522},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013694331","doi":"10.1115/1.4000511","title":"Optimization of a Weld Overlay on a Plate Structure","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Overlay; Square (algebra); Materials science; Weld pool; Structural engineering; Arc welding; Metallurgy; Engineering; Geometry; Gas tungsten arc welding; Computer science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.004557405111938869,"score_gpt":0.21607494736797278,"score_spread":0.21151754225603392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013694331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8139833,0.017358173,0.15138459,0.0078195175,0.0015568351,0.0006627122,0.00009839689,0.0018232029,0.0053132544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827652,0.0005483181,0.016556196,0.000023327315,0.00007204936,5.4349533e-7,7.643292e-7,0.000014304738,0.000019324296],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999279,0.00001083227,0.00033607337,0.00007538296,0.0001565274,0.00014218687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994658,0.000024877392,0.00020429886,0.00017523179,0.00009869226,0.00003108474],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000066113935,0.0001236595,0.0002848481,0.0004171646,0.000022268465,0.000010452785,0.00028603183,0.00031139038,0.000045358698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057509584,0.00009647536,0.000058392874,0.00028409038,0.000036501973,0.000085854925,0.000016398986,0.00040388707,3.3262646e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004921651,0.00005052471,0.000098474666,0.00006566965,0.00011520264,0.0000323173,0.00004520276,0.94621783,0.036426898,0.0017097865,0.010204553,0.004984331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00084954617,0.0016232479,0.00085588096,0.00057309365,0.00015983114,0.00030209788,0.000044985267,0.012385837,0.9324818,0.014778478,0.035628904,0.00031630188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.848656e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.2248138e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.933832,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016409533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014887085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39341512},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013729121","doi":"10.1007/s13632-015-0202-8","title":"Microstructure Characterization of Single and Multipass 13Cr4Ni Steel Welded Joints","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallography Microstructure and Analysis","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; Polytechnique Montréal; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microstructure; Welding; Tempering; Materials science; Martensite; Metallurgy; Base metal; Austenite; Heat-affected zone; Martensitic stainless steel; Composite material","score_opus":0.010139391614171473,"score_gpt":0.20519680663881354,"score_spread":0.19505741502464208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013729121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960175,0.0017512109,0.0016378874,0.000031004853,0.00008296989,0.00010702235,0.00016332894,0.0001233594,0.00008569879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99551886,0.00040920125,0.0037885215,0.000029109075,0.000031339507,0.000003537239,0.00017242815,0.000021343552,0.000025633557],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991164,0.000030715368,0.00028371467,0.00024791365,0.00012835962,0.00019286579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999491,0.000014250109,0.00009268883,0.00020124431,0.00008088093,0.00011993556],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008444162,0.00023370936,0.0004780158,0.00046085237,0.00005595794,0.00007275013,0.000103591694,0.00017262145,0.000016946035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010902747,0.00018784394,0.00017520653,0.000873187,0.00014417534,0.00011318733,0.000051355164,0.00012018401,1.5902256e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011229501,0.000010277035,0.026173526,0.000074469375,0.000831304,0.0000026326716,0.00022336663,0.00013989868,0.97116965,0.000015844238,0.00006711029,0.0012807127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006691523,0.00010798128,0.33430815,0.00004167263,0.001966268,0.000028984774,0.00017893797,0.0006083722,0.6564815,0.0006829763,0.0043759043,0.0005500776],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005430626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036570887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3146881,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008303451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004659984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76600534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013737592","doi":"10.1007/s11340-010-9386-7","title":"Relaxation Methods for Measuring Residual Stresses: Techniques and Opportunities","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Solid mechanics; Relaxation (psychology); Residual; Reliability (semiconductor); Machining; Materials science; Scope (computer science); Range (aeronautics); Computer science; Algorithm; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.051766367991547865,"score_gpt":0.32952429292541935,"score_spread":0.27775792493387147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013737592","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44692582,0.0149618685,0.51257324,0.00049707736,0.003195585,0.0027379706,0.00011361721,0.007856096,0.011138712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6068119,0.00058630615,0.39193442,0.000021592945,0.00023204811,0.00026797477,0.000014903608,0.00006389858,0.000066956774],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993598,0.000021081278,0.00017692907,0.0001644232,0.000089656125,0.00018814194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996217,0.00007172855,0.00003696222,0.00016774981,0.000030507706,0.0000713413],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025667044,0.00016161175,0.00014466316,0.00007779522,0.0001175363,0.00006325889,0.00011967704,0.00014771924,0.000024838859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030330617,0.00015670151,0.000034218072,0.00003678982,0.0000232635,0.00015192416,0.00006338422,0.0001663198,4.377589e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000150104715,0.000028143511,0.0000017162461,0.00008122424,0.000024687064,0.0000037608504,0.00029231267,0.000014281604,0.8929438,0.032323897,0.0010667739,0.073204376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011760968,0.0001061421,0.0000011941323,0.00003745982,0.000008629069,0.000020398229,0.00036736578,0.0018981072,0.9631105,0.003979863,0.03015952,0.0001931794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001067789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042461793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15988608,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026627416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009411846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63901025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017389335","doi":"10.1007/s10853-005-0447-8","title":"Effects of oxygen contamination in the argon shielding gas in laser welding of commercially pure titanium thin sheet","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Shielding gas; Microstructure; Argon; Welding; Metallurgy; Titanium; Composite material; Acicular; Scanning electron microscope; Laser beam welding","score_opus":0.007430428716868729,"score_gpt":0.2358027010926561,"score_spread":0.2283722723757874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017389335","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99883,0.0001424061,0.00022300464,0.0002314636,0.00022548906,0.00010257629,0.0000015782294,0.000007731039,0.00023575894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99807274,0.00018783723,0.0016275398,0.00002225075,0.000081303486,0.0000015882514,1.4031848e-7,0.0000052261685,0.000001354127],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901783,0.00006010879,0.0004300442,0.000056499928,0.00029724918,0.00013826031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995217,0.00013979,0.00018661957,0.000074907315,0.000057345598,0.000019649739],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019139008,0.00006947282,0.00020887503,0.00022120285,0.000025315569,0.000041175517,0.00039498613,0.000047954996,0.000010037924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017292722,0.00004650915,0.000025150763,0.00027540023,0.00006642905,0.00030751698,0.00003261465,0.00010523857,3.6392612e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019495226,0.000037573205,0.00034774235,0.00015357563,0.000002756695,0.0000109355005,0.00079529994,0.032900367,0.9650869,0.00015106329,0.0001368884,0.0003574213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018778056,0.00007035784,0.022205388,0.00046861992,0.000005331894,0.000012036037,0.00011061177,0.00015752017,0.9765053,0.00018585226,0.00004338381,0.000047830265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029863673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038967744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032742847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058975227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028323248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1896588},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019553117","doi":"10.1007/s11340-009-9317-7","title":"Residual Stress Determination Using Cross-Slitting and Dual-Axis ESPI","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Electronic speckle pattern interferometry; Perpendicular; Optics; Stress (linguistics); Interferometry; Acoustics; Geometry; Composite material; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.01712163133872235,"score_gpt":0.2966894287071538,"score_spread":0.27956779736843146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019553117","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923973,0.0013496911,0.004987399,0.000011254249,0.0002109838,0.00014342398,0.000012080162,0.00046525052,0.00042261902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881172,0.000054600572,0.011596653,0.0000288779,0.00013998515,0.000006260987,0.000006888628,0.000027648026,0.000021896441],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919075,0.000015074683,0.00020203281,0.00019388007,0.00015890997,0.00023932885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997133,0.000019089606,0.000035666428,0.00014364292,0.000018740575,0.00006957061],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000081293205,0.00017160273,0.000136838,0.00006503882,0.00013675135,0.00011859714,0.00008239691,0.00011455844,0.000029371333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014857569,0.00017593261,0.000030418494,0.00008250498,0.000015539737,0.00019706033,0.000052310606,0.00011484099,0.0000017713162],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001865917,0.000083359766,0.00014509948,0.000056137753,0.000016757744,0.000054269025,0.00075985293,0.002934997,0.98423153,0.002055431,0.00015888299,0.009485023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018242834,0.00013092885,0.00016201861,0.000071899936,0.0000056150257,0.000024945002,0.00017311353,0.03734019,0.9608307,0.00077088544,0.00008843891,0.00021884449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021383394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023202103,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03440519,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008161291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000052016976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7174324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019936666","doi":"10.1007/bf03266505","title":"Assessment of Properties and Microstructure of X100 Pipeline Girth Welds","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada)","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Welding; Girth (graph theory); Materials science; Toughness; Submerged arc welding; Pipeline transport; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.014361883161466525,"score_gpt":0.24551179857585437,"score_spread":0.23114991541438784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019936666","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882359,0.0019607758,0.00038549324,0.0005425463,0.00007269333,0.00017803202,0.000007840785,0.000083647334,0.008533084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99464726,0.00017902111,0.0048875012,0.000031020634,0.000063123436,0.000007081471,0.0000011387032,0.000012554532,0.00017130646],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944574,0.000020304155,0.00022339176,0.00008029238,0.00010876097,0.000121535326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999731,0.00004451093,0.000040131432,0.00015601912,0.000014491878,0.00001382919],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018378827,0.00009613745,0.00016138182,0.00010534846,0.00002350628,0.000013114713,0.0001672092,0.00004101538,0.000025327867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009363217,0.00006061915,0.00002721002,0.00017597996,0.00006003077,0.00004191329,0.00003738654,0.00016612974,2.0300729e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005924749,0.00024153707,0.08181897,0.00265083,0.00013965629,0.000014523074,0.0040639234,0.4720458,0.37142435,0.007045243,0.02980185,0.030694041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053213077,0.00008236349,0.084967874,0.000976232,0.00003944363,0.00002092287,0.0002803152,0.012218143,0.8615517,0.0006773517,0.0382937,0.00035984736],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044503995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016824412,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49012733,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017171482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006208882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24719772},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021940169","doi":"10.1115/1.4023725","title":"Optimizing Temper Bead Welding by Computational Weld Mechanics and Design of Experiment Matrix","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Transient (computer programming); Bead; Materials science; Matrix (chemical analysis); Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy; Computer science; Composite material; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.00925067986296425,"score_gpt":0.23707131329266737,"score_spread":0.22782063342970313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021940169","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09053766,0.03303773,0.87411004,0.001216979,0.0002721502,0.00038811617,0.000010020185,0.00033733158,0.00008998846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85475194,0.00077207043,0.14438528,0.000007886152,0.0000303357,0.000011090156,6.3685974e-7,0.00002404871,0.000016695698],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908215,0.000022886237,0.0004354464,0.000101776146,0.00017592622,0.00018180397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939966,0.00008868077,0.00020259553,0.000116024545,0.0001409912,0.000052067124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016343564,0.00014708951,0.00032110253,0.00029547888,0.000045804696,0.000029994002,0.0002530162,0.00024460306,0.000050316157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034680303,0.00012442475,0.00004231245,0.00015670592,0.000045467437,0.00017048018,0.00007428672,0.0003002127,0.0000010363128],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001906494,0.00008722806,0.000104345934,0.00023209292,0.00038297166,0.000014267742,0.00024012825,0.5519366,0.39533103,0.002541675,0.04727527,0.001835277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006068725,0.00042826709,0.000022734139,0.00031649074,0.000105866,0.00022010668,0.0004634579,0.05363191,0.9198479,0.01693555,0.0071215844,0.0002992533],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000059022695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.2334664e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7642143,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018056358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014564884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5073894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022039370","doi":"10.1115/1.2744416","title":"Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Profiling With Automated Smoothing","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Tikhonov regularization; Smoothing; Hole drilling method; Residual; Residual stress; A priori and a posteriori; Regularization (linguistics); Computer science; Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Inverse problem; Statistics; Materials science; Mathematical analysis; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.004535370076031022,"score_gpt":0.20650683231235126,"score_spread":0.20197146223632023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022039370","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853522,0.00078120705,0.012047045,0.000082035804,0.00032879712,0.00007863264,0.000006493984,0.0012816185,0.00004197665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96064526,0.00021220795,0.038899507,0.0000030544509,0.000187289,0.0000020000255,0.0000015103008,0.00004609914,0.000003086557],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989971,0.0000051903285,0.0004496054,0.00010196342,0.0001347312,0.0003113999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955857,0.000048294583,0.000122012774,0.000115834155,0.00009166614,0.000063648156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038187753,0.00018443645,0.0003345142,0.00049740204,0.000044838354,0.000061577186,0.00015869383,0.00021748454,0.000006152142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051169496,0.00014168158,0.000018824661,0.00024853347,0.00004219396,0.00012113708,0.000040017883,0.0002604245,4.5203083e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023776729,0.0000150404585,0.0008828874,0.0003137778,0.00010848483,0.00028251458,0.000048812475,0.046794802,0.94977474,0.0007605232,0.00008329182,0.0009113593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027284736,0.00016930873,0.00081428926,0.00048320842,0.000028214332,0.0003730724,0.00006490029,0.0012676269,0.99590456,0.000086381275,0.00034188235,0.00019370661],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000035364317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011224603,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.046129834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003212486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011023983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5777607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022366315","doi":"10.1115/pvp2011-57960","title":"A Direct-Search Computational Weld Mechanics Optimization Using Least-Square Approximation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Cwm; Distortion (music); Welding; Optimization problem; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Square (algebra); Algorithm; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geometry; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.047822742148572836,"score_gpt":0.24442356223375616,"score_spread":0.19660082008518331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022366315","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007350184,0.000048614555,0.9771431,0.000009055338,0.000072383016,0.00014011582,0.000004591211,0.0007025364,0.014529398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.67607796,0.000020011608,0.32379815,0.000008022081,0.000026497488,0.000005992084,0.000017757004,0.000019160407,0.000026474814],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994787,0.000013724641,0.00013102352,0.00010274384,0.00013891952,0.00013487792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997919,0.0000154023,0.000014822349,0.00008280201,0.000057471643,0.00003759828],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000074009804,0.000089024994,0.00008182731,0.000083790736,0.000064508204,0.000026985732,0.00007624883,0.00006768921,0.0003106509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000067410633,0.00008234989,0.000027584601,0.00014777466,0.000008556192,0.00012753607,0.000025393416,0.00006776366,0.0000072104403],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002949795,0.00001557721,0.000039585724,0.00004175003,0.000010788466,0.0000010225383,0.00013166007,0.99633,0.0001314602,0.002485853,0.00018078707,0.00062853243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006759051,0.0000182963,0.000052138483,0.000027397673,0.0000067036294,0.0000040969876,0.000051442155,0.97952616,0.019227944,0.000860908,0.000045401703,0.00011191551],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007378903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036626825,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66872776,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039706218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009626436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34014097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023125882","doi":"10.1115/ipc2014-33380","title":"The Essential Welding Variable Approach and its Application to the Welding of X80 Line Pipe Steels","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Consumables; Materials science; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Electric resistance welding; Electrogas welding; Gas metal arc welding; Composite material","score_opus":0.006263491778692328,"score_gpt":0.21313358178522018,"score_spread":0.20687009000652787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023125882","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.057035122,0.0005229569,0.9131898,0.0005913983,0.00013435706,0.000517515,0.0000036278525,0.0003452601,0.027659949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917879,0.00016905903,0.007414073,0.000027769538,0.00020409383,0.000056844397,0.000002160366,0.000018242385,0.00031981745],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993857,0.000021648337,0.00017469781,0.00012834676,0.000119304765,0.00017030058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952775,0.00014595236,0.000029611494,0.00022316066,0.000034235054,0.00003926376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039475277,0.00009869381,0.00011117024,0.000029498651,0.00017436342,0.00005481461,0.0002279969,0.000058437876,0.000010147277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004602248,0.000054234246,0.000021004027,0.00016931986,0.00001853204,0.00004736033,0.000088417146,0.00010197952,0.000002847839],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030150859,0.000061226565,0.00019803953,0.0005028178,0.00012545398,2.352279e-7,0.00049852475,0.7204408,0.13043377,0.10568602,0.008922484,0.033100493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013161791,0.0000471498,0.00016397567,0.00004641707,0.000028221344,0.0000043655004,0.00010988973,0.15858659,0.75343096,0.001291101,0.085969344,0.00019036634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000050774426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009058501,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9347528,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009997437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000035214925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22116083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023157211","doi":"10.1115/1.4027430","title":"Effect of Weld Residual Stress Fitting on Stress Intensity Factor for Circumferential Surface Cracks in Pipe","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kinectrics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Stress intensity factor; Polynomial; Materials science; Finite element method; Stress (linguistics); Curve fitting; Weight function; Structural engineering; Surface (topology); Welding; Geometry; Mathematics; Composite material; Fracture mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Engineering","score_opus":0.006484280571539629,"score_gpt":0.2464242480986785,"score_spread":0.23993996752713886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023157211","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99239206,0.0007253728,0.0053390632,0.00027550096,0.00055447564,0.00030550346,0.000095868236,0.00020495905,0.000107198335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984118,0.00012680542,0.0011912326,0.000006174272,0.00019284949,0.0000066207385,0.0000030044228,0.000044748922,0.00001681007],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983654,0.000099296914,0.00069790194,0.0002060731,0.0002602926,0.000371062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983752,0.0006444881,0.00038259898,0.00032463385,0.00021103508,0.00006206475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005489786,0.00027465553,0.00079890934,0.000504087,0.00004931163,0.00002610381,0.0005839232,0.00052551477,0.000018279963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00070364954,0.00022215243,0.0001401856,0.00026405675,0.00010440006,0.00011491162,0.00009527679,0.000813763,6.7102616e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0032792361,0.000969799,0.15792142,0.0107013825,0.0017539166,0.0001662362,0.00090751325,0.3056857,0.41724935,0.0016323307,0.011722448,0.08801068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010661242,0.0016782108,0.0027759108,0.0009582365,0.00009789458,0.000021301146,0.00004960869,0.0016135353,0.9892497,0.0005478809,0.0017208208,0.00022078317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017697079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018569182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5720003,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000343306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019077146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9059113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024209781","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.11.029","title":"Characterization of material properties and heat source parameters in welding simulation of two overlapping beads on a substrate plate","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computational Materials Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Heat transfer; Substrate (aquarium); Characterization (materials science); Discretization; Mechanics; Convection; Composite material; Mathematics","score_opus":0.024973043430317952,"score_gpt":0.23721524736052316,"score_spread":0.2122422039302052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024209781","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99534076,0.0000051426714,0.004225867,0.000013716689,0.00013424426,0.00019953531,0.0000120715,0.000047994796,0.000020653213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99820554,0.0000059320337,0.0017371516,0.0000063820316,0.000015618705,0.000011115446,0.000009548434,0.000007690574,0.0000010151394],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930316,0.000018001081,0.00027202955,0.00012227136,0.00016688397,0.000117678246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997664,0.000040543477,0.000057195488,0.00005369389,0.000059433896,0.00002270244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016535106,0.00008154205,0.00014171156,0.00015324216,0.00004011732,0.00008449372,0.00008527954,0.000025635487,0.000013534877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020269756,0.00007093651,0.000008269705,0.00015722917,0.00013693536,0.0002975663,0.00003098826,0.0000230236,0.0000010194559],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062692543,0.0000041362746,0.0001273765,0.000044190674,9.947631e-7,8.880794e-8,0.000073260766,0.4835438,0.5160583,0.000057092017,1.7341746e-7,0.00008425417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000096533586,0.00003062652,0.023055471,0.00020405918,0.0000013708034,9.12892e-7,0.00001089858,0.17572656,0.8003419,0.00046541958,4.5309085e-7,0.00006579937],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000125989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.332278e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30781725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031149175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014056313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2892707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024909284","doi":"10.1115/ipc2008-64593","title":"Development of Optimized Weld Metal Chemistries for Pipeline Girth Welding of High Strength Line Pipe","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada); Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Consumables; Toughness; Metallurgy; Pipeline transport; Composite material; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.02108965065787663,"score_gpt":0.2321897370043052,"score_spread":0.21110008634642857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024909284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79145145,0.00040533565,0.2057278,0.000050652336,0.00008469554,0.00024716504,0.00003889984,0.00039292092,0.0016010689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.65191287,0.00020436426,0.34741995,0.0000029776227,0.00003564433,0.000017504231,0.000027781523,0.000017535836,0.00036137179],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906266,0.0000035941266,0.0004774564,0.00012627259,0.00014661523,0.00018343053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955386,0.00008960987,0.00007564541,0.00015006645,0.000085224725,0.000045606652],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000098666176,0.00016029556,0.00036403758,0.000063855055,0.000052336374,0.000004107557,0.00015158184,0.00008758361,0.00012498292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052521562,0.00013104652,0.00008266561,0.000118092576,0.000049260387,0.000046653204,0.000041835516,0.00006868979,5.023716e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008803431,0.0011295162,0.00057663576,0.0056504956,0.0016116649,0.000023620267,0.0022834684,0.28357753,0.6190333,0.002108072,0.045367908,0.03775748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057086634,0.00003210999,0.000042871052,0.00005891022,0.000020651558,0.000003066641,0.000044159005,0.00178708,0.9920592,0.000048418377,0.0051791784,0.00015350245],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030109397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007854909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37302592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020049465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035289235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5343922},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025649801","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.06.013","title":"Microstructural study of weld fusion zone of TIG welded IN 738LC nickel-based superalloy","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scripta Materialia","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Materials science; Superalloy; Eutectic system; Metallurgy; Welding; Microstructure; Fusion; Gas tungsten arc welding; Aerospace; Arc welding","score_opus":0.011835108986817264,"score_gpt":0.2275275680194184,"score_spread":0.21569245903260115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025649801","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99546653,0.000070602495,0.000082521714,0.000031543408,0.0038152155,0.00030229214,0.000032828248,0.00013544109,0.000063020736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977262,0.000015588013,0.0020349848,0.000007700402,0.000041857314,0.0000121517505,0.000014616558,0.000026958749,0.00011993525],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999093,0.000026081172,0.00039553986,0.0001475985,0.00014263828,0.00019513405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962753,0.0000015960028,0.00004818321,0.00025903707,0.00003063397,0.000033046108],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008841723,0.00015651667,0.0003010096,0.00012423935,0.000021355236,0.000019087642,0.0001922282,0.000096071606,0.00016635668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000089539435,0.00013689793,0.000039053466,0.00015232958,0.00004081899,0.00006935806,0.000052743384,0.00007645601,0.000002708865],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007878946,0.00013563108,0.0030198332,0.0002568324,0.00001621073,0.000013663598,0.00033928343,0.00091208203,0.99335384,0.000091697635,0.0017106454,0.000071498216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014831291,0.00029186095,0.027326379,0.00019442028,0.000013698829,0.0000013495954,0.00019657197,0.000039861185,0.9692724,0.00015830019,0.0008523977,0.00016964953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027045244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003665854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024306545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043337124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014283163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5582536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026257690","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000225","title":"Real time monitoring of laser beam welding keyhole depth by laser interferometry","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Nuclear Energy University Program; Office of Nuclear Energy","keywords":"Keyhole; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Welding; Laser; Optics; Interferometry; Beam (structure); Metallurgy","score_opus":0.006625167908704324,"score_gpt":0.22892616585370035,"score_spread":0.22230099794499603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026257690","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946129,0.00018718223,0.0009465666,0.00013431083,0.0001377155,0.000058145233,0.0000019442375,0.0005113032,0.0034099785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899058,0.00016283167,0.009852259,0.0000043053387,0.000028839911,0.0000046408254,3.696239e-7,0.00001646671,0.000024515632],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988716,0.00000823211,0.00027657932,0.00025238286,0.00023460662,0.0003565857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994516,0.00007516167,0.000085694155,0.00023716065,0.00008701845,0.000063402505],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006560039,0.0001393726,0.0002524662,0.00060942495,0.00016266048,0.000030190062,0.000387269,0.00014079773,0.000008531954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023214598,0.00013117756,0.000026866868,0.0010980776,0.00057459896,0.00025023305,0.00018465544,0.00020118117,0.0000023069515],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005329895,0.000023483211,0.06570947,0.00008272816,0.000021899035,0.0000020788825,0.00014218317,0.0010979188,0.9067825,0.00026531765,0.00042286777,0.025444213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013140647,0.0001358378,0.001452496,0.00023480006,0.000009362601,0.00000858587,0.00025154348,0.00060104113,0.99625504,0.00052242324,0.00025855305,0.00013888616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024409492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.431497e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.089472555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003096851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015829923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5349266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026657331","doi":"10.2355/isijinternational.48.809","title":"Effects of Heat Input and Martensite on HAZ Softening in Laser Welding of Dual Phase Steels","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ISIJ International","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":226,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); McMaster University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Softening; Martensite; Materials science; Dual-phase steel; Metallurgy; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Microstructure; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength","score_opus":0.008298658100760989,"score_gpt":0.23645160331328635,"score_spread":0.22815294521252535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026657331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99800116,0.00014010527,0.0005477714,0.000047990132,0.00014769273,0.00006729893,0.000010652469,0.000046981782,0.0009903401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989286,0.0001723572,0.0007703081,0.000019440842,0.000052056617,0.0000047815747,0.0000043037076,0.000010317585,0.00003780762],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99952966,0.000008207838,0.00016220746,0.000081392005,0.00013904284,0.000079504534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976206,0.00011872833,0.000021317337,0.000048699087,0.000028805624,0.000020404286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000045473666,0.000072826595,0.00012411589,0.00014113219,0.000012662154,0.00000485416,0.000056318124,0.00004327658,0.000015320918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038013826,0.00006795285,0.000025302317,0.000054023654,0.00003170592,0.000071259215,0.000028229011,0.00008235133,8.9792997e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00081901724,0.0013450191,0.0697735,0.0015917484,0.00082137715,0.0015281396,0.004187002,0.42894605,0.45833772,0.001992152,0.015586861,0.015071406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010278965,0.00012399179,0.015918266,0.00038466504,0.00000637245,0.000031663894,0.000010124858,0.0042544613,0.97748405,0.00010923309,0.00054896396,0.000100320314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003601315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043811665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5191463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019200965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004179945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2771037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026851260","doi":"10.1117/12.848633","title":"Characterization of pitting corrosion on small diameter ductile iron pipe using thermography","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermography; Pitting corrosion; Corrosion; Materials science; Metallurgy; SIGNAL (programming language); Nondestructive testing; Scanner; Characterization (materials science); Optics; Computer science","score_opus":0.010873147852760797,"score_gpt":0.21401127648026239,"score_spread":0.20313812862750158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026851260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99746794,0.000021967067,0.00023288425,0.00026178142,0.00045022334,0.00041789564,0.000040675113,0.00018792198,0.0009187019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9420701,0.00014403477,0.057166472,0.000024800938,0.00041643513,0.000050766823,0.000010687704,0.00008340353,0.000033288605],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984625,1.877467e-8,0.000556582,0.00025216347,0.00041988186,0.0003088574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987847,0.00009455355,0.00028978803,0.00006861864,0.0006785783,0.00008376945],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003631616,0.00027877864,0.00033993056,0.00015545018,0.00007742277,0.00006463534,0.0005716723,0.0002467091,0.0000119611805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019162385,0.00023713787,0.00042859968,0.00030231726,0.00017761407,0.00028219545,0.0000849742,0.00039653873,3.2771158e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034816352,0.00007458826,0.0004284739,0.00051030505,0.000080809026,4.4062734e-8,0.00018367013,0.00031237557,0.96719426,0.030683221,0.00018067629,0.0003167671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031815583,0.0001613768,0.001203376,0.00042378527,0.00008373819,0.0000050649646,0.00020144241,0.014833947,0.9810819,0.00030057432,0.0011173706,0.00026927545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011264061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.4242027e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05693359,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055293014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012304256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96702015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026887566","doi":"10.1179/1743284713y.0000000436","title":"Role of filler alloy composition on laser arc hybrid weldability of nickel-base IN738 superalloy","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Liquation; Materials science; Weldability; Metallurgy; Superalloy; Heat-affected zone; Welding; Filler metal; Intergranular corrosion; Precipitation hardening; Alloy; Inconel; Indentation hardness; Composite material; Arc welding; Microstructure","score_opus":0.005204360880717377,"score_gpt":0.19994576139671036,"score_spread":0.19474140051599298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026887566","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99894446,0.000044854314,0.000011393591,0.00030302047,0.0000682677,0.00016641678,0.000021659387,0.00018607375,0.00025382888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99901664,0.000061111656,0.00086172763,0.000011908166,0.000008499583,0.000025438783,0.000002655812,0.000006589468,0.0000054522675],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933827,0.000009804842,0.00019844505,0.00015635657,0.00012573377,0.00017136859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958926,0.000018124101,0.000035570218,0.0002262059,0.000102717415,0.0000281189],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017939246,0.00008729666,0.00018441035,0.00019614532,0.00004688036,0.000019772591,0.00021696847,0.00007463591,0.00014951084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036937916,0.00006891785,0.00001158642,0.00021049638,0.0005956756,0.00010327074,0.0000890288,0.000051802588,0.00000772356],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036433821,0.000026376885,0.00032520207,0.000045398872,0.000002776438,4.988819e-7,0.000010932503,0.000074136144,0.9975731,0.00062649976,0.00023330662,0.0010781783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007462319,0.00012277398,0.0013802967,0.0000404377,0.000002826145,0.0000047422386,0.000026979003,0.00012767572,0.9938293,0.004187876,0.0001299544,0.00007250852],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000107073516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023267125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0037437438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016974458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013043467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28103885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027674079","doi":"10.1007/s40194-015-0227-2","title":"Assessment of cold cracking tests for low transformation temperature martensitic stainless steel multipass welds","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Hydro-Québec; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Weldability; Martensitic stainless steel; Metallurgy; Residual stress; Welding; Cracking; Martensite; Stress corrosion cracking; Diffusionless transformation; Alloy; Composite material; Microstructure","score_opus":0.023687609666583082,"score_gpt":0.2939510203804013,"score_spread":0.2702634107138182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027674079","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9778079,0.0003475963,0.010068379,0.0010255425,0.0005734736,0.0014405905,0.00004891301,0.00040369612,0.00828392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99556315,0.000016126032,0.004027124,0.00006680757,0.00008818387,0.00010855894,0.000012477598,0.000027653134,0.00008989188],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990524,0.000045058325,0.00030093992,0.00011681588,0.00023445577,0.000250319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993566,0.0002595461,0.00005033945,0.00021207183,0.00007948734,0.00004192895],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006582431,0.00015128561,0.00021546982,0.00016926738,0.00006022328,0.00006240796,0.00022947446,0.00008577361,0.000002912054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040360777,0.000113406204,0.000059614194,0.0003248,0.000026775677,0.00013713796,0.000015683449,0.000247411,5.1980845e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056588964,0.00024809886,0.0064341524,0.0021249244,0.00010665631,0.000029723404,0.0039141467,0.8950522,0.0483279,0.017191876,0.024669707,0.0018440118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005168782,0.00054832094,0.052266803,0.0043521193,0.00019960286,0.000037360944,0.005365852,0.22898783,0.64762884,0.0034369153,0.05030305,0.0017045379],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025216495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019696169,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6660644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010538813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025431926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46245706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028722510","doi":"10.1007/s11661-012-1230-5","title":"Effect of Postweld Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Properties of Laser-Welded Ti-6Al-4V","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Research Manitoba; National Research Council Canada; Concordia University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Welding; Microstructure; Annealing (glass); Composite material; Indentation hardness; Metallurgy; Tensile testing; Residual stress","score_opus":0.01069513315721513,"score_gpt":0.21268637692666215,"score_spread":0.20199124376944702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028722510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99809223,0.00084714947,0.00041142493,0.000024399866,0.00020203381,0.00021788756,0.000075858334,0.000074141855,0.00005485596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99870384,0.0009582597,0.00018348676,0.0000029998096,0.000027702677,0.00003046827,0.000005341145,0.000012506927,0.00007541636],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949306,0.00003855159,0.00017856175,0.000090930705,0.00005991141,0.00013895915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998074,0.000022832959,0.000017185408,0.00008296877,0.000011367311,0.000058245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007619348,0.00014140383,0.00034364208,0.000037635073,0.000044248336,0.00002036671,0.000027904287,0.00008243983,0.0001273401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000027515955,0.0000871969,0.00004828431,0.000037437923,0.00007588047,0.00006476265,0.000004379942,0.00003498017,9.719906e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022615757,0.00010156381,0.000017285018,0.0007226765,0.00014062568,0.0000023896666,0.00011133664,0.00042563913,0.99628204,0.000020847767,0.000027951166,0.0019215008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003676961,0.00046293307,0.0005146774,0.00009293963,0.000120822675,0.00003410895,0.000010102808,0.000029148667,0.9968462,0.000009735043,0.0014174978,0.000094134295],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018473723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000060678312,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018273664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008262274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000022414695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35557863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029565613","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2833","title":"Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of AA6061-T6 Butt Joints","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Butt joint; Composite material; Heat-affected zone; Softening; Alloy; Hardening (computing); Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Laser beam welding; Filler metal; Arc welding","score_opus":0.007920684244962076,"score_gpt":0.21968164744772964,"score_spread":0.21176096320276755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029565613","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99356776,0.000020049029,0.0019620026,0.00011292029,0.00082889857,0.00009599156,0.00002513761,0.00031380315,0.0030734357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99696505,0.000027332828,0.0028298444,0.00002774391,0.00007835672,0.000008528414,0.0000022440654,0.000017395938,0.000043503765],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988823,0.000014729112,0.00024564262,0.00018257207,0.00026017093,0.00041461881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995478,0.000024329895,0.000052053252,0.00026461203,0.000036744408,0.00007446378],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056285766,0.00012127831,0.00020145891,0.00012504078,0.00012568357,0.00010382252,0.00042903225,0.000035313948,0.00018578045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008497123,0.00010077838,0.000029270439,0.00016339567,0.00020421788,0.00020971838,0.00014742573,0.00004352443,0.000029926867],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000033890146,0.0000096533995,0.0001633395,0.00007856936,0.000002777512,0.0000015355439,0.000022688488,0.0015316681,0.993922,0.00066947914,0.0026195806,0.00097534445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006716907,0.00004968324,0.0004652323,0.000078944846,0.0000032394687,0.0000064745304,0.0000145014255,0.00034983788,0.9930988,0.0022776576,0.0034599092,0.0001285713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000057623256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030553115,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033972885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029730092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015119913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4109623},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029762100","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2713","title":"X-Ray Diffraction Study of Stress in a Magnesium-Hydrogen System Produced by High-Energy Milling of Powders","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydrogenics (Canada); University of Waterloo; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Magnesium; Diffraction; High energy; Metallurgy; Hydrogen; X-ray; Stress (linguistics); Energy (signal processing); Engineering physics; Optics; Engineering; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.005804013396848602,"score_gpt":0.21560849743195884,"score_spread":0.20980448403511023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029762100","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985448,0.000066101304,0.000579825,0.000010095487,0.0003778571,0.00023356958,0.00002280432,0.000119878416,0.000045047742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99973273,0.000007980648,0.00019619775,0.0000013663326,0.000023302571,0.000014663731,0.0000026308016,0.000014783217,0.000006326205],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987221,0.00002050797,0.00042652202,0.00020417916,0.00030367993,0.00032304737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995688,0.000018648812,0.00011147229,0.00021443903,0.000047071557,0.000039548042],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062745955,0.00011525611,0.00024146633,0.00022661794,0.000054408207,0.000028343196,0.00027225594,0.000051073803,0.0000075778266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018813926,0.00009801127,0.000014627386,0.00042921596,0.000074980046,0.00016741174,0.000059188274,0.000032962118,4.4358916e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016562793,0.00009517311,0.0013514826,0.0001876115,0.00000351348,0.0000031596016,0.00014608256,0.0055560945,0.9924004,0.00011756229,0.000020264117,0.00010206982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017163322,0.00017503639,0.0019572082,0.000095457515,0.000006027237,9.896687e-7,0.0015740718,0.00016225291,0.9957285,0.000018357148,0.0000086121345,0.00010186929],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023851986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001293423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0053938413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080153564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013098825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39967835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030148427","doi":"10.1179/174329306x148200","title":"Experimental examination of welding nozzle jet flow at cold flow conditions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Shielding gas; Nozzle; Welding; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Particle image velocimetry; Flow visualization; Gas tungsten arc welding; Electromagnetic shielding; Weld pool; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Arc welding; Composite material; Turbulence; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.0081393712427078,"score_gpt":0.23128891031930437,"score_spread":0.22314953907659657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030148427","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936061,0.0004482043,0.0023210638,0.00012219769,0.00008459735,0.00007048944,0.0000034953891,0.00033089888,0.0030129522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831579,0.000015531603,0.016784329,0.000004495466,0.000013146582,0.00000788125,6.475482e-7,0.0000065598497,0.000009524492],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992866,0.000005156055,0.00018371653,0.0001530398,0.0001644577,0.00020705278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997152,0.0000303757,0.00004724401,0.000120286044,0.000061115046,0.000025757294],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002950627,0.000080156366,0.000121395955,0.0004092799,0.00023903431,0.000016363752,0.00015205503,0.000068418776,0.000018287625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049597893,0.00007863828,0.00001707462,0.0007351432,0.000591139,0.00022298774,0.000086902684,0.000068984846,7.567201e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010878722,0.000019527262,0.0071000895,0.000016190996,0.000003877651,0.000003010249,0.00011650074,0.00338968,0.9783367,0.008895385,0.000093676885,0.0020242648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013599926,0.00006595155,0.00362619,0.00006425913,0.0000042567412,0.000021547101,0.0003769783,0.0075558033,0.98738074,0.0005653161,0.00011774517,0.00008523863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015011952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032848923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0144632645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045101202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011673422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3206776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030164489","doi":"10.1081/amp-120017587","title":"Research and Progress in Laser Welding of Wrought Aluminum Alloys. II. Metallurgical Microstructures, Defects, and Mechanical Properties","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials and Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Electric resistance welding; Cold welding; Heat-affected zone; Alloy; Microstructure; Aluminium; Gas metal arc welding","score_opus":0.02196179259652841,"score_gpt":0.251655040741668,"score_spread":0.22969324814513958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030164489","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919794,0.0074720248,0.000008655838,0.000041106166,0.000074556454,0.0002497243,0.000008888859,0.00009168316,0.00007393406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958099,0.0029507435,0.0010875284,0.000005381406,0.000034620978,0.000049188762,0.0000024766616,0.000028385088,0.000031766544],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989737,0.00005005254,0.00025472205,0.00026197406,0.00014648122,0.00031306728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971473,0.000053900312,0.00003173196,0.00009948144,0.00003462923,0.00006550916],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003578041,0.00018658096,0.00031761275,0.000117023104,0.00012498113,0.00013887734,0.00008595328,0.0001398202,0.000023899962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004358877,0.00013605495,0.000010331381,0.00007188788,0.00019225397,0.0001283052,0.00015403806,0.0001376738,1.9941291e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00081474974,0.00054645917,0.0040316735,0.06288504,0.00040586962,0.00022315471,0.0048206174,0.0013886219,0.9152817,0.0036733337,0.0010923978,0.0048363637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023530242,0.00010045081,0.00096656726,0.0003274709,0.000010514856,0.0000439359,0.00010673316,0.0000017295647,0.99379265,0.0013500499,0.0028952495,0.00016931887],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040342915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000336688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.078510955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011107696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013990739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.554816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030775004","doi":"10.1179/1743284712y.0000000129","title":"Laser arc hybrid weld microstructure in nickel based IN738 superalloy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Materials science; Liquation; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Weldability; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Fusion welding; Intergranular corrosion; Laser beam welding; Arc welding; Filler metal; Stellite; Alloy; Microstructure","score_opus":0.005825217189631408,"score_gpt":0.2097722678202744,"score_spread":0.20394705063064297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030775004","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99836665,0.0002326833,0.00005352566,0.00039373199,0.00029469075,0.00009754536,0.0000146441025,0.00038137322,0.00016517597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980215,0.000071990915,0.0017694873,0.000058995403,0.00003580094,0.000018469696,0.0000022483966,0.000011088037,0.000010464124],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919194,0.0000067528385,0.000136296,0.00015275048,0.00009968542,0.0004125615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997249,0.000009601718,0.000014521097,0.00017802024,0.000025874431,0.00004705391],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025706127,0.00011090106,0.00014839438,0.00033497057,0.000071943025,0.000053660206,0.00025195224,0.000110354114,0.00007840621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040851202,0.000090253976,0.0000069446132,0.00040794216,0.0003711049,0.0001718195,0.00010074764,0.00009632847,0.00000897674],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017676399,0.000009534437,0.004762033,0.000026604352,9.4991174e-7,0.0000054347556,0.000014901804,0.000023556138,0.9930186,0.00031072198,0.0005753694,0.0012504735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010633405,0.000019480396,0.0026869113,0.000024311603,0.0000018433453,0.000026175145,0.00002017852,0.00006994781,0.9931851,0.00060905394,0.003129514,0.0001211398],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036788926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000086294385,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025541447,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034072782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019659203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36804503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031514940","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2992","title":"Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of HSLA-65 Steel Plate: Microstructural and Mechanical Property Evaluation of Butt Welds","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Butt welding; Heat-affected zone; Laser beam welding; Arc welding; Indentation hardness; Microstructure; Butt joint; High-strength low-alloy steel; Gas tungsten arc welding; Electric resistance welding; Composite material","score_opus":0.020552515066434556,"score_gpt":0.26031467183327966,"score_spread":0.23976215676684512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2031514940","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986122,0.0001319185,0.00012979604,0.000046195084,0.0005642585,0.00022972851,0.000046240708,0.00006980538,0.00016981176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974489,0.000033483924,0.0024324427,0.0000056765493,0.000044226177,0.000010852502,0.0000033880974,0.000011437686,0.000009590706],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998831,0.000028839526,0.0002717389,0.00013535535,0.00039058345,0.0003424844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996004,0.000016097752,0.00007342972,0.00015927322,0.00008376754,0.0000669968],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012114748,0.0001105202,0.00019551847,0.000084150284,0.00008659198,0.000047215653,0.0002050519,0.00005077927,0.000106927386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007470826,0.000071969305,0.000019877416,0.00011541956,0.00018930438,0.00035202695,0.00014279259,0.000043563574,0.0000014731488],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009395878,0.0000086412865,0.00024878766,0.0000808656,0.0000041232574,1.7941271e-7,0.00005921371,0.00036965695,0.9974544,0.00012948211,0.00017527465,0.0014600016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014157334,0.000053346932,0.0018533245,0.00007343244,0.00001694643,0.000016040722,0.00005202854,0.00091453776,0.9960908,0.0005362647,0.00014743257,0.000104222236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006808503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025235875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023026466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003881985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027787788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2934823},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031547272","doi":"10.1007/s10853-011-5866-0","title":"Effect of joint gap on the quality of laser beam welded near-β Ti-5553 alloy with the addition of Ti–6Al–4V filler wire","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Canadian Standards Association; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Welding; Composite material; Joint (building); Alloy; Martensite; Orthorhombic crystal system; Porosity; Metallurgy; Optics; Diffraction; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.0346905615204491,"score_gpt":0.2600834280071476,"score_spread":0.2253928664866985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2031547272","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99891144,0.00002357876,0.00006107835,0.000100250516,0.000173508,0.00012926909,0.00002567763,0.000012726947,0.0005624751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993701,0.00003806884,0.0005190816,0.000013457301,0.000039367656,0.0000031276834,3.6891709e-7,0.000007752928,0.0000086933],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988088,0.000121964156,0.00042140158,0.00007019888,0.00045012363,0.00012751015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989834,0.00016946279,0.0004594282,0.00021336901,0.00014131713,0.00003304396],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002637183,0.00009694539,0.00028470968,0.00005063919,0.00006806391,0.0000262473,0.00037984247,0.00003838062,0.00032842418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015525825,0.000041079795,0.00005736517,0.00015187332,0.00040454537,0.00012406909,0.000043176922,0.000088861205,0.0000013412146],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022532706,0.00003942641,0.00006590338,0.00018235197,0.000025227047,0.0000022970414,0.00033744564,0.0024887747,0.99384964,0.00010660882,0.0025521596,0.00012484667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014651068,0.00077324925,0.0073853303,0.00031558744,0.000017382754,0.000009343721,0.000047798392,0.000015370455,0.99110556,0.00007629991,0.00005642021,0.00005116499],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006917531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028699187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0073194266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017979915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034278266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35960144},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031690993","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.270-273.2357","title":"Neural Network Analysis for Evaluating Welding Process","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Key engineering materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Artificial neural network; Process (computing); Welding; Materials science; Computer science; Metallurgy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.01887655226946253,"score_gpt":0.2734647976637466,"score_spread":0.25458824539428404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2031690993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88620204,0.00022339013,0.111111,0.000032560296,0.0006565626,0.00030579432,0.000026579955,0.001376602,0.000065449414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698242,0.0000220299,0.02939455,0.000010651368,0.00046593518,0.00017064258,0.00003569432,0.00006802073,0.000008307397],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988852,0.000007513077,0.00032401714,0.00019749584,0.00014361367,0.00044212159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996079,0.000055441018,0.000041150506,0.00018537126,0.00004366508,0.00006644099],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030559115,0.00022352702,0.00035542765,0.00013760178,0.00007933276,0.00012458218,0.0001823734,0.00010341104,0.00004591773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007196457,0.00021571439,0.0001011668,0.00041559926,0.000008609927,0.00011071658,0.00002638701,0.00007044141,0.0000032655084],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005441574,0.000004125128,0.00005117382,0.00023799324,0.00017380837,0.0000019622646,0.00006195081,0.9475616,0.051563483,0.0001932168,0.00006778853,0.00007745661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005605482,0.00010789972,0.002039992,0.00025946938,0.00047184638,0.00000862154,0.000017112347,0.09732963,0.89660585,0.001393575,0.00046879757,0.00073666143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016090044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020704872,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85023195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000620529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008807355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87965775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033851240","doi":"10.1115/1.4025406","title":"An Integrated Computational Welding Mechanics With Direct-Search Optimization for Mitigation of Distortion in an Aluminum Bar Using Side Heating","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Cwm; Distortion (music); Welding; Bar (unit); Optimization problem; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Algorithm; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.011087376807495771,"score_gpt":0.2387999262851939,"score_spread":0.22771254947769812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033851240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6346694,0.000023950442,0.36515453,0.000005681958,0.000041282103,0.00007820727,9.0123615e-7,0.000023256498,0.0000028004706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.844572,0.000012412252,0.15536599,0.0000018014945,0.000030586783,0.0000026507412,0.0000020493771,0.00001232288,1.8067975e-7],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920243,0.000008439487,0.0002738781,0.00009849964,0.00025119388,0.00016555887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955344,0.000043266944,0.000074027026,0.000055356915,0.00019675955,0.00007712432],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004720502,0.00009253021,0.00014464493,0.0003327792,0.00007123129,0.000092339345,0.000112609705,0.0000378243,0.0000026526006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035989793,0.00007753278,0.000015677875,0.00017645252,0.000028048602,0.001092451,0.000010056394,0.00011465812,2.2573946e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051076277,0.000008995582,0.0001698527,0.00007152736,0.000004348082,8.583556e-7,0.00019359958,0.9731506,0.023883084,0.000009604521,6.064793e-7,0.0025017993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001238299,0.00012284609,0.0024319077,0.00022853944,0.0000055188425,0.000013047453,0.00017165611,0.7957436,0.20103872,0.000040989347,0.0000014480712,0.00007793393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047777776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034065538,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20990261,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013008564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039927716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3161695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034164931","doi":"10.1007/s12289-008-0071-7","title":"Forming residual stresses effects on the electron beam welding distortions of thick components","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Material Forming","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Montagne","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Materials science; Residual; Electron beam welding; Composite material; Cathode ray; Beam (structure); Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Electron; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.015285350628900848,"score_gpt":0.24457754262695225,"score_spread":0.2292921919980514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034164931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99703383,0.000118945376,0.00047137745,0.0002995221,0.0016068054,0.00008031685,0.000019022556,0.00004698575,0.00032316076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99834085,0.00042357953,0.00041572307,0.00002142824,0.0007537728,0.0000039546176,0.0000067014626,0.000020778558,0.000013211561],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987467,0.000022282495,0.0004404449,0.000065095,0.0005611646,0.00016432755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993214,0.00019486107,0.00022810533,0.00008859114,0.00012983487,0.000037197096],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021672978,0.0001268269,0.00018610776,0.00015890149,0.00011348095,0.000043662105,0.00047467407,0.00006480598,0.00003185298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009112281,0.00008733413,0.00009534681,0.000055748755,0.000040286013,0.00021982074,0.0000594811,0.0002015248,0.0000017035545],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00072601635,0.00023968465,0.00307975,0.00032959788,0.001181417,0.00038820624,0.0016052494,0.02252815,0.94843864,0.0044262228,0.011651125,0.0054059275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023495781,0.0001482659,0.002143093,0.00057541707,0.000021281434,0.0001926444,0.00003824923,0.00006067539,0.99393475,0.0005580395,0.0019935584,0.000099067285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000052306386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043406208,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.045496095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010549584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002100562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35613826},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035296168","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.12.007","title":"An efficient FE computation for predicting welding induced buckling in production of ship panel structure","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Structures","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Fillet (mechanics); Buckling; Fillet weld; Structural engineering; Materials science; Finite element method; Computation; Deformation (meteorology); Joint (building); Engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Algorithm","score_opus":0.03441387995387763,"score_gpt":0.276547695329454,"score_spread":0.24213381537557638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035296168","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955857,0.00003586537,0.0029342354,0.00002260829,0.000685059,0.00035888428,0.000009578047,0.00027006597,0.00009805031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853601,0.0000022691077,0.014276012,0.0000034030454,0.00026487294,0.0000114949,0.00004901942,0.000030052834,0.0000028056982],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991492,0.0000232525,0.00027279105,0.00019646388,0.00016372449,0.00019454482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962467,0.00002978542,0.00007044866,0.00013683732,0.00008198665,0.000056290373],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016449387,0.00014844212,0.00018855199,0.00016567919,0.000043673503,0.000029935538,0.00011904905,0.00011016567,0.0000037266382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013514863,0.00013286037,0.000027344036,0.00019049319,0.000018086965,0.000073541014,0.00004086543,0.00016845023,5.065381e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033483513,0.000009970949,0.014198985,0.00019736623,0.000012318559,9.4294927e-7,0.00056421856,0.95346314,0.021814886,0.00011993879,0.00007765912,0.009507105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008596671,0.00028016843,0.12884182,0.00014388522,0.00003328411,0.000020318805,0.00068460207,0.26717356,0.5873131,0.01414582,0.00006629263,0.0004374854],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022136912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012646658,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6862896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000648254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016992499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5417889},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035481208","doi":"10.1007/s00170-015-6987-4","title":"Keyhole-induced porosity in laser-arc hybrid welded aluminum","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Red River College","funders":"","keywords":"Keyhole; Materials science; Porosity; Welding; Laser beam welding; Weld pool; Weldability; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Gas metal arc welding; Composite material; Arc welding; Laser; Gas tungsten arc welding; Optics","score_opus":0.014922860934066542,"score_gpt":0.2536164955523015,"score_spread":0.23869363461823495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035481208","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940725,0.0002258481,0.0007205452,0.0032185412,0.00094845233,0.00008177404,0.0000038732014,0.00022649758,0.00050195854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99637806,0.00023512615,0.0031287882,0.000058273647,0.00013973346,0.000005423902,0.0000013995822,0.000021125728,0.000032075033],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897045,0.000015081352,0.000380921,0.00010326756,0.00032087753,0.00020941143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941695,0.000052225627,0.0001555238,0.00019957784,0.000121222554,0.000054495606],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002632114,0.00014444339,0.00020893951,0.00040154476,0.000025408179,0.000028419872,0.0010661525,0.000091652946,0.000011948412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011250913,0.000106699255,0.000060051592,0.000089824374,0.000056983386,0.00017651558,0.0001735224,0.000558977,0.0000063581315],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00083082606,0.00039572263,0.0019531171,0.00006853568,0.0006792463,0.0032169805,0.0006391369,0.48800096,0.22848178,0.0013094677,0.016489284,0.25793493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006286856,0.00009096789,0.00040003218,0.00008726707,0.000006622584,0.00045523368,0.0001481339,0.0001001966,0.9698996,0.02184865,0.006218412,0.00011621003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020616313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030626932,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7414178,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002333615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030480265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43510693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038262554","doi":"10.1007/s40194-012-0003-5","title":"Description of transmitted energy during laser transmission welding of polymers","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Optics; Welding; Transmission (telecommunications); Laser beam welding; Scattering; Laser power scaling; Solid mechanics; Beam (structure); Polymer; Lasing threshold; Composite material; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.012215779474121549,"score_gpt":0.2158837733496811,"score_spread":0.20366799387555953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038262554","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98633814,0.0018611706,0.004471253,0.00008899105,0.00016989274,0.00008958774,0.0000030795743,0.00013621288,0.006841674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99854356,0.00023471093,0.00095069094,0.00001242809,0.0000710617,0.000011619753,0.0000024069661,0.000026211866,0.0001473183],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909073,0.00005061917,0.00031422634,0.000086254775,0.00017731349,0.0002808267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999646,0.000087415865,0.00005094537,0.0001649512,0.000010130026,0.000040555326],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025373028,0.00013428082,0.0001936915,0.00026804232,0.000043965352,0.000008856525,0.00020835838,0.0000670517,0.000082607396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000064065903,0.00010129401,0.00008469368,0.00047812195,0.000037914466,0.00014649266,0.000012086348,0.00015212534,4.3919167e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023182933,0.0004487274,0.0321239,0.0020229872,0.00018657868,0.000015590878,0.008633971,0.112587705,0.8154684,0.003133412,0.0024871095,0.022659844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021977878,0.000015164873,0.008516555,0.0004249197,0.000022791835,0.000004884873,0.0001512651,0.00036952586,0.9868933,0.00017084606,0.0030722748,0.00013868994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001682304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003644921,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17142496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030225936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036118638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.413065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038548386","doi":"10.1115/pvp2010-25290","title":"Analysis of Residual Stresses in Three-Pass Slot Weld (NeT-TG4): Finite Element Modelling and Neutron Diffraction","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference: Volume 6, Parts A and B","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Deep River Science Academy","funders":"Royal Academy of Engineering; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation","keywords":"Finite element method; Residual stress; Welding; Materials science; Neutron diffraction; Isotropy; Diffraction; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.016980189673568038,"score_gpt":0.23141190468940875,"score_spread":0.2144317150158407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038548386","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.991748,0.002214021,0.004965104,0.00020804351,0.00019299315,0.00022262156,0.00006683762,0.00010714336,0.000275258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953463,0.0036010195,0.00074347015,0.000010034094,0.00008418267,0.000025906027,0.00002895175,0.00002140037,0.00013871487],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987141,0.000033344993,0.00038814815,0.00036088357,0.00018580681,0.0003177284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993276,0.0001377855,0.00011011038,0.00023525742,0.00007370119,0.000115537405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002400733,0.00025885284,0.0004806368,0.0002736349,0.00013714527,0.00016865024,0.000117530406,0.00023699344,0.000094045026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019431942,0.00022764594,0.000043599033,0.0002078047,0.00012646767,0.00024176447,0.00008648439,0.00043749143,3.8573523e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002196111,0.00034994248,0.54603034,0.0025447381,0.0025670372,0.00003443046,0.003866336,0.35963443,0.046209376,0.004426271,0.0015566322,0.032560866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046570494,0.0001385046,0.25423816,0.00027127942,0.0007791746,0.0000039684764,0.0001326601,0.7292191,0.0046820077,0.00079802016,0.008771121,0.00050034275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013663229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020747231,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36958465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004212694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019477151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9283132},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041756139","doi":"10.1179/1879139512y.0000000016","title":"Use of filler wire for laser welding of Ti–6Al–4V","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Filler metal; Laser beam welding; Composite material; Base metal; Corrosion; Laser; Filler (materials); Porosity; Microstructure; Arc welding; Optics","score_opus":0.03226016724931496,"score_gpt":0.22803656381013537,"score_spread":0.1957763965608204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041756139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990634,0.0005832719,0.0041041397,0.00015635867,0.00041212828,0.00039253634,0.0002652959,0.00014463361,0.0033076098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959723,0.000017346641,0.0035139443,0.000026909544,0.000102758364,0.00002365543,0.000015689353,0.000030564897,0.00029685715],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911815,0.00001651432,0.00026857405,0.00009891674,0.00010162427,0.00039623227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992427,0.00011523374,0.000039421062,0.00019450222,0.000046670455,0.00036147732],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001127148,0.00013676542,0.0002699736,0.00013567242,0.000034133394,0.000016108543,0.00013218044,0.00013651652,0.00032482183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026160742,0.00011963168,0.00013782726,0.00012453548,0.000051489216,0.00017586826,0.0000048762167,0.000090124246,0.0000064454694],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043832313,0.0009798675,0.011326555,0.008187579,0.004698392,0.00026975427,0.009838054,0.086545676,0.04500397,0.07567208,0.56009024,0.19694951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007277628,0.00067935424,0.00755717,0.00027732298,0.00022159558,0.000031119464,0.0002595391,0.0052253497,0.07271376,0.0009638582,0.91038513,0.0009580388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004321778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031511118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3502949,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004296709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025841051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6533265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042021858","doi":"10.1115/1.2740307","title":"Laser Transmission Welding of a Lap-Joint: Thermal Imaging Observations and three–dimensional Finite Element Modeling","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Lap joint; Finite element method; Laser beam welding; Laser; Thermal; Beam (structure); Optics; Joint (building); Composite material; Structural engineering; Physics; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.025329128386932808,"score_gpt":0.23349086507920938,"score_spread":0.20816173669227658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042021858","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60725987,0.0011274883,0.3912262,0.00018498136,0.00004570162,0.000049370905,0.000004310358,0.000023952512,0.00007809659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899744,0.00028894655,0.009600923,0.00003545262,0.00007552488,7.5274255e-7,0.0000010121371,0.000020991658,0.0000019960864],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989542,0.000010398689,0.0005038872,0.00007007877,0.00028029838,0.00018117714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967366,0.000066980814,0.000011313227,0.00005206546,0.00011128592,0.000084692314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049468083,0.00011771015,0.00020579243,0.00014137893,0.00006225612,0.000014294867,0.00006863582,0.000052093164,0.000037765873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000059457348,0.00009056267,0.00010201339,0.00009008923,0.000020262984,0.00016394585,0.000006544958,0.00022328588,1.3188445e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048011883,0.000041805524,0.0009663332,0.00011493572,0.00005684404,0.000032286818,0.00025816084,0.83833873,0.15349147,0.00003932171,0.00008603799,0.0065260907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070306,0.00013576812,0.004321535,0.0010620727,0.000107483655,0.00008329345,0.00008897181,0.5033749,0.48826805,0.00045021408,0.0007864277,0.00025101713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021905842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011443878,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3827145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029018898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019664507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36930385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042409294","doi":"10.4012/dmj.2014-162","title":"Electrochemical evaluation of the corrosion resistance of cup-yoke-type dental magnetic attachments","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dental Materials Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nexen (Canada)","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","keywords":"Materials science; Corrosion; Yoke (aeronautics); Welding; Shield; Polarization (electrochemistry); Metallurgy; Electrochemistry; Composite material; Electrode; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.010547084573241083,"score_gpt":0.257202135552219,"score_spread":0.2466550509789779,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042409294","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981325,0.00041444998,0.00022316033,0.000008500666,0.00079386216,0.000112609785,0.0000064726546,0.000022525232,0.0002858962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993148,0.00010801555,0.0004106406,0.000005726231,0.00011346036,0.0000027975793,0.0000041454146,0.00001426795,0.000026174037],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989512,0.00009895647,0.00031755038,0.00006637191,0.0004348732,0.00013106821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996208,0.000017577288,0.00012493216,0.000118635304,0.00008590031,0.000032172695],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042353297,0.00009130512,0.00015281854,0.000033370547,0.00004963889,0.000029161976,0.00020245106,0.00006157066,0.00022518661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056910732,0.00006441579,0.000045951147,0.00007712616,0.000041851403,0.000053685977,0.000044203494,0.00008558402,0.0000029674168],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035349898,0.000019434738,0.0022966205,0.000049407565,0.000005792706,3.1898418e-7,0.00001828512,0.000078346486,0.9967319,0.000019519786,0.0006045806,0.00014044972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002938288,0.0000648558,0.012963301,0.00019445183,0.00004437732,0.000047374102,0.000012260359,0.00012699555,0.9856057,0.0004729948,0.00010755409,0.00006631008],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003993624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005074813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011126197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068766865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012701933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26267996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042822439","doi":"10.1179/1743284712y.0000000186","title":"Thermomechanical fatigue behaviour and mode of failure of laser welded single crystal Ni based superalloy","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Alloy; Superalloy; Laser beam welding; Carbide; Heat-affected zone; Grain boundary; Paris' law; Metallography; Fusion welding; Composite material; Microstructure; Fracture mechanics; Crack closure","score_opus":0.009553735726332306,"score_gpt":0.2181813349574258,"score_spread":0.2086275992310935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042822439","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989795,0.000026471422,0.00031230404,0.00029104573,0.000045616423,0.00013060539,0.000015310086,0.00015696685,0.00004216895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966775,0.000016067646,0.0032642365,0.000005531165,0.0000054411034,0.000018077213,0.0000011018701,0.000007901354,0.000004118276],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994217,0.000006629199,0.00016501456,0.00013630741,0.00010562614,0.00016473382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997092,0.000011310199,0.000030329677,0.00014527312,0.0000747716,0.00002910025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009733951,0.00008393701,0.00018068058,0.00015035695,0.000060333743,0.00004838114,0.00017139311,0.00012871524,0.000058928734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003318469,0.00006510388,0.000007563168,0.00021190588,0.00045086863,0.00010274331,0.00008833011,0.0000437046,4.6548496e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000014279548,0.000015951386,0.00083028694,0.000043918604,0.0000019318315,7.4988236e-7,0.000012446671,0.00001858806,0.9983648,0.0002873819,0.000079935286,0.0003425529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000103101025,0.00011615762,0.00063942204,0.0000378919,0.000004800632,0.0000054263,0.00004824888,0.00026480693,0.99734217,0.0013480796,0.00001693058,0.00007296199],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026149428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002710272,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0029519324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008410445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013099557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2654859},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043868564","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.01.002","title":"Numerical simulation of laser full penetration welding","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computational Materials Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Péclet number; Finite element method; Mechanics; Weld pool; Thermal conduction; Penetration depth; Heat flux; Line source; Conical surface; Parametric statistics; Heat transfer; Structural engineering; Composite material; Optics; Arc welding; Physics; Engineering; Gas tungsten arc welding; Mathematics","score_opus":0.02167413726178931,"score_gpt":0.2618891034046404,"score_spread":0.2402149661428511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043868564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8929427,0.000013931134,0.106359534,0.000013724249,0.00018760387,0.00005461195,0.000004948024,0.000119359385,0.00030354864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881756,0.000006236211,0.011742226,0.0000075254907,0.000049697403,0.0000029712671,0.000006878242,0.0000055835244,0.0000033312047],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993882,0.000008807909,0.0001692797,0.00009727896,0.00023789227,0.00009854921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973595,0.00005806556,0.000034968816,0.000056545174,0.00008550165,0.000028993487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000118343494,0.000055978504,0.00008015178,0.000076232565,0.00010656198,0.000024757017,0.00011403592,0.000022533635,0.00006859178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036966027,0.000051860938,0.000011888033,0.00021890756,0.000117548945,0.00018871503,0.000017994118,0.000020690943,0.000008738855],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003108372,0.000005877022,0.00007242582,0.000014077367,9.78986e-7,8.485649e-7,0.000036247297,0.90987146,0.08975009,0.000133405,0.000052545245,0.00005893599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000058871865,0.00002898539,0.012312711,0.000019208077,0.0000014382855,0.000009941438,0.0000028979084,0.2558174,0.73013645,0.0014939519,0.000038076432,0.00008005617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065612394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.2503828e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65405405,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024844892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029307557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21148276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044213280","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3655","title":"Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Nd: YAG Laser Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Quality","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Alloy; Martensite; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Ductility (Earth science); Ultimate tensile strength; Porosity; Composite material; Creep","score_opus":0.009004160460740833,"score_gpt":0.2776949646966506,"score_spread":0.2686908042359098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044213280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968826,0.000008964596,0.0000143255975,0.00023655008,0.0011324652,0.00030649002,0.00008431668,0.00030036824,0.0010339231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99938154,0.000016127698,0.00037070346,0.000027899512,0.00006996583,0.00003847847,0.000008287722,0.000019344317,0.00006764874],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873835,0.00004691677,0.00026562897,0.0002481109,0.00027954654,0.00042146002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993213,0.00010009672,0.000038988044,0.00040806647,0.000035400582,0.00009614086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00075674726,0.00020110511,0.00030648918,0.00010244935,0.00013582924,0.000101845406,0.00033579854,0.0000985202,0.00027075052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008898648,0.00013276734,0.00005959192,0.00014912554,0.00022126165,0.00014921432,0.00007146676,0.00006916504,0.000039669012],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004827097,0.00003460749,0.00033172927,0.00006396143,0.000006049809,0.0000026051798,0.000029404711,0.0004190696,0.9978536,0.00022372286,0.00030700004,0.0006799965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022825637,0.0009822119,0.0013861316,0.000039310442,0.0000083925215,0.0000034076897,0.000011734897,0.000040657,0.9959876,0.00006393847,0.0010961682,0.00015219444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005447125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001016263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0024989478,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054742988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000240771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5414095},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044243023","doi":"10.1115/ipc2002-27296","title":"Girth Welding of X100 Pipeline Steels","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"4th International Pipeline Conference, Parts A and B","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Weldability; Girth (graph theory); Pipeline (software); Metallurgy; Materials science; Toughness; Gas metal arc welding; Arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.030606492400533394,"score_gpt":0.24256931039970733,"score_spread":0.21196281799917394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044243023","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4866823,0.0037613255,0.08341284,0.0034154912,0.0024142356,0.0005511625,0.0003156001,0.0011494752,0.4182976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99320346,0.001536211,0.0010095558,0.00005085216,0.00025110104,0.0000093098115,0.000019095682,0.000015795462,0.0039046349],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991571,0.000009946507,0.00031870208,0.00015657677,0.0001969513,0.00016077008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957955,0.000046718575,0.000057378875,0.00011764246,0.00013040284,0.0000682812],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000078013894,0.0001475079,0.00018925732,0.000118790966,0.000035623125,0.00005079306,0.00018161062,0.000072488605,0.001301098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038208676,0.00012542441,0.000045827117,0.00007430266,0.000058785303,0.00010783183,0.000055383654,0.00012479041,0.000014809415],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010742477,0.00067710195,0.02460473,0.0008009278,0.0004496511,0.00012150338,0.0018969346,0.033241354,0.010073082,0.05165933,0.6429174,0.23345058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010995782,0.00012434942,0.0016155732,0.0005256799,0.000049200724,0.00005033765,0.00013461312,0.32516277,0.07599136,0.0033561315,0.591218,0.00067241566],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002858445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015424277,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50652117,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000122976935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000056185754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99961185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045576968","doi":"10.1115/imece2010-39248","title":"Modeling of Micro Welding Process Using Electron Beam Under High Peclet Number","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Péclet number; Welding; Materials science; Evaporation; Cold welding; Electric resistance welding; Heat transfer; Heat-affected zone; Electron beam welding; Weld pool; Work (physics); Gas metal arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Cathode ray; Mechanics; Metallurgy; Electron; Arc welding; Thermodynamics; Gas tungsten arc welding; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.010899928513771036,"score_gpt":0.2602447642601988,"score_spread":0.2493448357464278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045576968","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9649844,0.00003291244,0.031608634,0.000024743267,0.00013430604,0.00007930827,0.0000028345034,0.00040937282,0.0027234715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98131377,0.000025165584,0.018474897,0.000012882744,0.00010164616,0.0000036953395,0.000002586878,0.00003918003,0.000026161384],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993229,0.0000033141976,0.00018760498,0.00012750199,0.0001125959,0.00024609835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972665,0.000014511359,0.000020250473,0.00014800284,0.000049637314,0.00004095749],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000067370114,0.00012899254,0.00015033396,0.00004894476,0.000049662332,0.000025118794,0.00014135198,0.00012367609,0.0001608071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000070798883,0.0001133581,0.000040255894,0.00012296345,0.000019281164,0.00010193556,0.000026154894,0.0002502609,0.000007500699],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000028885163,0.000014278604,0.00036881794,0.000090091664,0.000018608147,7.4808014e-7,0.00003187736,0.6551165,0.34377822,0.0003924829,0.0001312667,0.000054195596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000079875106,0.0000080160535,0.00004023655,0.0000396521,0.000013759259,0.000011985689,0.00003661496,0.124900036,0.8725027,0.002149622,0.00005473892,0.00016277493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021723392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040150007,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53021646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019692252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014712142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4622609},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045809828","doi":"10.1590/0104-9224/si1903.03","title":"Calibrated expressions for welding and their application to isotherm width in a thick plate","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Soldagem & Inspeção","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Scaling; Welding; Representation (politics); Calibration; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Algorithm; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Mechanical engineering; Geometry; Engineering; Statistics","score_opus":0.009010495359887922,"score_gpt":0.2294113161150362,"score_spread":0.22040082075514827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045809828","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5678489,0.00022414638,0.42706084,0.0004124583,0.000098368495,0.00079787977,0.000026776765,0.0009940976,0.0025365304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99332076,0.00004909482,0.006178516,0.000113119815,0.000066867375,0.00016595561,0.0000068411287,0.000042158896,0.00005669882],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994085,0.000014759623,0.00015331306,0.00017818296,0.00004508798,0.00020019857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962825,0.00009050167,0.000020382242,0.00018074042,0.000012637501,0.00006747403],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012867467,0.00013273314,0.00014804401,0.00008955788,0.000066923676,0.000038705024,0.00012443293,0.000102417514,0.000006542125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026944612,0.00010660809,0.000025223932,0.00014820114,0.000015966536,0.00007699651,0.00004526585,0.00010528403,0.0000042338747],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013693207,0.00014911724,0.0037867816,0.0009085845,0.00010313494,0.0000045708334,0.006172816,0.16975506,0.63490707,0.011242649,0.019284368,0.15354893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012491436,0.00022646923,0.006796051,0.0007707074,0.000019111687,0.0000062443405,0.00033155043,0.23392317,0.6095963,0.023246631,0.12281103,0.0010235892],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000060873263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000080959995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42547184,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020226556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004081753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43473518},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046595363","doi":"10.4271/2013-01-2201","title":"Reliability Improvement of Lithium Cells Using Laser Welding Process with Design of Experiments","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE International Journal of Aerospace","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bombardier (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Reliability (semiconductor); Welding; Process (computing); Laser; Reliability engineering; Lithium (medication); Materials science; Automotive engineering; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Metallurgy; Optics; Power (physics); Physics","score_opus":0.013926043761258278,"score_gpt":0.2628457217209855,"score_spread":0.24891967795972725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046595363","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96407765,0.00010491098,0.035163317,0.00004912203,0.0002745039,0.00015010174,0.000004645638,0.000018422379,0.00015732375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9612838,0.00007587355,0.038519274,0.000007591383,0.00006549848,0.0000036796987,3.6039677e-7,0.000015934771,0.000027968907],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899876,0.000012955512,0.00038749547,0.00007336902,0.00041911667,0.00010828509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988846,0.00004640208,0.0003017704,0.00009137059,0.0006292241,0.000046630958],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001682758,0.00010589155,0.00018803286,0.00007379757,0.000015819347,0.000029968345,0.00027115742,0.000046599995,0.00006514451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023177041,0.00007773692,0.000053355863,0.00007057865,0.000045292756,0.00024632292,0.00003182252,0.00012059382,5.0458186e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056784193,0.000082757564,0.000840729,0.00008004186,0.00012904,0.000004532989,0.00026419954,0.35777825,0.6397877,0.0000030226847,0.0007912069,0.00018174615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029644306,0.0002212345,0.0005549841,0.00036780135,0.000014221834,0.000010398036,0.00020678069,0.0013822796,0.9966729,0.00016490414,0.000033184482,0.00007484714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010571588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011909432,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35688522,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000844895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003501903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31700197},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048598158","doi":"10.1007/s00170-014-5833-4","title":"Predicting residual stresses and distortion during multisequence welding of large size structures using FEM","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Distortion (music); Finite element method; Residual stress; Materials science; Structural engineering; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.005940358527582052,"score_gpt":0.24640779729450896,"score_spread":0.24046743876692692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048598158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99405295,0.00048823786,0.004565412,0.00023972848,0.00040170245,0.00006410795,0.000009239142,0.00014502727,0.00003359954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869932,0.00048488678,0.012314116,0.0000075978714,0.00017259506,0.0000016340696,5.608932e-7,0.000021234795,0.0000042051715],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899155,0.000018691733,0.00042200883,0.00011263425,0.00026842183,0.00018669269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992005,0.00017814904,0.00033623524,0.00014872607,0.0001061296,0.000030225941],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018355643,0.00014255288,0.00021391155,0.00023020712,0.00009625084,0.000027381646,0.0005157801,0.00009972901,0.000008254804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003090408,0.000106998734,0.000045050594,0.00006241091,0.00010923544,0.00019673341,0.0001754108,0.0003423095,9.5406975e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014682794,0.000030713436,0.008247968,0.00019020688,0.0002771148,0.00004886112,0.00028247604,0.40240598,0.57155854,0.0009412652,0.000025104053,0.015844982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039530869,0.000047648646,0.009094343,0.0002842062,0.000021977572,0.0002486193,0.00018884602,0.00064124883,0.98132014,0.007493292,0.00016036474,0.00010400722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014458243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016107579,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40976164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009095012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009863051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43632817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050111371","doi":"10.2207/qjjws.22.565","title":"Study on Estimation Method of the Welding Deformation for Thick Plate Fillet Welding","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CAE (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Flange; Welding; Fillet (mechanics); Fillet weld; Materials science; Structural engineering; Upset welding; Electric resistance welding; Deformation (meteorology); Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Arc welding; Composite material; Filler metal","score_opus":0.016490211205472744,"score_gpt":0.27825397291251225,"score_spread":0.2617637617070395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050111371","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86707014,0.000060469953,0.1305994,0.0007812657,0.00079449994,0.00051734305,0.000008713494,0.000079115096,0.00008907655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9621929,0.000017611666,0.03750886,0.00005770669,0.00016405049,0.000011501634,6.673814e-7,0.00003479065,0.000011925601],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983725,0.00009715143,0.0006969711,0.00011950858,0.0004544035,0.00025949944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986855,0.0002844979,0.00055030634,0.00030901274,0.00012287937,0.000047797002],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001374585,0.00021702354,0.0003267083,0.0000648226,0.00040018943,0.000082495186,0.00058456097,0.00014626437,0.0000040198884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008911563,0.0001267818,0.00057021936,0.00026953942,0.000042910946,0.00028229965,0.00003449474,0.0005317651,7.255045e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034660094,0.00011403644,0.00053889403,0.0001923654,0.00030680952,6.1318326e-7,0.022603383,0.96424973,0.004803046,0.0002988172,0.0021112787,0.004746364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008151011,0.005896155,0.023472909,0.0062889126,0.0012436247,0.0004404903,0.06374253,0.06251297,0.7889283,0.036730874,0.0010824733,0.0015097695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019161767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004012138,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90173674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023157416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036815716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51700115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051005911","doi":"10.2207/qjjws.23.571","title":"Control of Heat Input and Deformation on Resistance Micro-Welding of Fine Nickel Wires","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Nickel; Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Heat resistance; Deformation (meteorology); Nickel titanium; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Shape-memory alloy","score_opus":0.005052777367161782,"score_gpt":0.20256913834537513,"score_spread":0.19751636097821335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051005911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947849,0.0012314566,0.002812962,0.0007771383,0.0001375736,0.00009608593,0.000010764435,0.000029896353,0.00011921196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99517083,0.00020095837,0.004398228,0.00004630652,0.00013928338,0.0000011469084,3.379565e-7,0.000016880924,0.000026002357],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989242,0.000040047682,0.00055978436,0.00006997562,0.0002404124,0.00016561223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992823,0.0001445858,0.00027505227,0.00016582292,0.000088376946,0.00004384529],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042142687,0.0001385519,0.0003073726,0.000050629606,0.00008862927,0.000023723023,0.00023941693,0.00009936292,0.0000056337044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022755827,0.000094738105,0.00024276033,0.000114355564,0.000082220955,0.00019077468,0.000012739904,0.00027539942,3.0547687e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048567491,0.00031065324,0.009412574,0.002312615,0.0012557732,0.000002995469,0.028480118,0.24031404,0.6371486,0.00075068243,0.05100745,0.028518833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002432483,0.000939343,0.0085287625,0.0030898068,0.0002073353,0.000077234195,0.0019041693,0.007598228,0.97119504,0.0009923042,0.0026204966,0.0004147684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009818792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008976685,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33404648,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007204164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014650047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38633078},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051810560","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.285","title":"Determination of X-Ray Elastic Constants for Q1N Submarine Pressure Hull Steel","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Diffractometer; Materials science; Hull; Residual; Calibration; Structural engineering; Submarine; Pressure vessel; Stress (linguistics); Forensic engineering; Engineering drawing; Composite material; Engineering; Mathematics; Statistics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.01705969020264161,"score_gpt":0.21102646113353257,"score_spread":0.19396677093089096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051810560","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21599802,0.0002592556,0.7778277,0.0000056981944,0.0006782872,0.0013436899,0.00038868235,0.00039999804,0.0030987074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96363974,0.00018620654,0.036001686,0.0000050045583,0.00002857716,0.00008227293,0.00001069313,0.000022092205,0.000023704531],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953645,0.000004185981,0.00018350393,0.000101591046,0.000050586867,0.00012370468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977136,0.000025944357,0.000051046125,0.00009717284,0.000025803894,0.000028671298],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011687572,0.00009897153,0.00018505123,0.000034320434,0.000025225609,0.00001357789,0.000066225,0.00008611535,0.000053387255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008448499,0.0000865206,0.00001387362,0.000024587049,0.0000087284525,0.000025320734,0.000034831904,0.000020804413,7.1678517e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007566372,0.000029330577,0.0000014762094,0.0009021124,0.00004112765,9.93304e-7,0.00015081064,0.000018818935,0.7594949,0.23529285,0.0001848294,0.003807106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002651067,0.000071789735,0.00003924917,0.00003715368,0.000058058075,0.0000014077864,0.000021226591,0.00035042048,0.9554595,0.042434376,0.001139683,0.00012203822],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009172481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025849222,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74764174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000036151719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000039894076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35282078},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051987577","doi":"10.2351/1.2795755","title":"Novel technique for laser lap welding of zinc coated sheet steels","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Metallurgy; Lap joint; Aluminium; Alloy; Electric resistance welding; Heat-affected zone; FOIL method; Laser; Boiling point; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.017518473299560775,"score_gpt":0.2784731971726265,"score_spread":0.2609547238730657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051987577","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03076628,0.00013551026,0.9657304,0.00012732444,0.000059201466,0.0005510849,0.000065341934,0.00010348353,0.0024613438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9215982,0.00009495257,0.07790064,0.000019414621,0.00017896146,0.000084722655,0.0000063838966,0.000031228865,0.00008547325],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991139,0.0000044510098,0.0005038327,0.0000736152,0.00013819773,0.0001659615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918437,0.00016835937,0.00019103053,0.0001637687,0.00021553952,0.00007693406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044815536,0.00010415376,0.00020455355,0.00016560785,0.000053297466,0.000014088017,0.0002230842,0.000109113455,0.000017520983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023887475,0.00009033261,0.00010905975,0.00024306978,0.00003128862,0.000084784864,0.000019651994,0.00016627787,0.0000011125039],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008489247,0.0004113274,0.0006361514,0.000493694,0.00023288898,0.000006369564,0.000120099416,0.04936445,0.9164145,0.0023788703,0.027355649,0.0025010821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002559956,0.00006103277,0.00032241756,0.000085669184,0.000038530237,0.00003509979,0.00003538397,0.00008251844,0.95053476,0.00086648844,0.04758074,0.000101368874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000667078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000927848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89083195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047147932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002162545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3683657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052070286","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450790423","title":"Study of arc stability and erosion behaviour of a transferred arc with graphite DC electrodes","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cathode; Thermionic emission; Anode; Arc (geometry); Graphite; Argon; Erosion; Electric arc; Electrode; Materials science; Volumetric flow rate; Cathodic arc deposition; Plasma arc welding; Field electron emission; Vacuum arc; Atomic physics; Electron; Chemistry; Composite material; Mechanics; Cathodic protection; Geometry; Physics; Geology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.010747453530109915,"score_gpt":0.19229598403468087,"score_spread":0.18154853050457095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052070286","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989659,0.0003678113,0.00046838878,0.0000385702,0.00002008886,0.00009815968,0.0000045826164,0.000017704597,0.000018789802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99961984,0.000028803111,0.0003071102,0.0000014126064,0.000022472806,0.0000020323098,3.6971744e-7,0.000017349443,6.2020644e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935544,0.000009007007,0.0002641294,0.0000576747,0.00013665967,0.00017710056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999586,0.000040457086,0.000039768252,0.00011155679,0.000060214086,0.00016199595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015084619,0.00010769963,0.00022614955,0.00011329244,0.000020668216,0.00001048468,0.00015323862,0.000046203473,0.0000067630945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020632206,0.00007351784,0.000041383297,0.00018624282,0.000055433324,0.000046037112,0.0000051588554,0.00025036035,1.4482035e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007008065,0.000059134385,0.031769294,0.0001451124,0.00012441826,0.000053358282,0.0015446534,0.024268188,0.941614,0.00004694508,0.000019415216,0.0002854031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005036485,0.00035418756,0.010161611,0.00020608469,0.00007861006,0.0001586017,0.00010969134,0.0004960825,0.9877156,0.000065382905,0.000017982191,0.00013252247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011659628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012752909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0461016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041632335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038787937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29979706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052175431","doi":"10.1007/bf02427906","title":"Full-field calculation of hole drilling residual stresses from electronic speckle pattern interferometry data","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":133,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hole drilling method; Electronic speckle pattern interferometry; Residual stress; Solid mechanics; Speckle pattern; Trigonometry; Interferometry; Stability (learning theory); Residual; Field (mathematics); Noise (video); SIGNAL (programming language); Stress (linguistics); Materials science; Optics; Computer science; Geometry; Mathematics; Algorithm; Physics","score_opus":0.01973088453448562,"score_gpt":0.27219518855999864,"score_spread":0.252464304025513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052175431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9141835,0.0046183085,0.08002526,0.00006355022,0.0002636913,0.00014673673,0.00010630951,0.00033056564,0.00026206512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954502,0.00023269202,0.0037267527,0.000028621798,0.00032358532,0.0000076053257,0.00017765551,0.000041646308,0.0000112220705],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989788,0.000017264536,0.00028319258,0.0002537319,0.00020641445,0.00026061537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993221,0.00005456782,0.000055676705,0.0005032456,0.0000153372,0.00004907502],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006555493,0.00017291203,0.00019021127,0.00007725036,0.00003615823,0.000032415264,0.00042398306,0.000118155236,0.00028157426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016511553,0.00017403686,0.000037466707,0.00010748565,0.0000091609545,0.00021384309,0.00023919152,0.00017721737,0.000012598852],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046601035,0.00018521005,0.00005132032,0.000036103647,0.00011055172,0.000004693616,0.00040080992,0.006244581,0.9755017,0.00036624682,0.004650002,0.012402151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017499513,0.00024011145,0.000009790153,0.000081941,0.000013345435,0.0000018499994,0.00023801114,0.03324154,0.96427304,0.00014567033,0.0013973466,0.00018234557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014510861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001086525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08126671,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000101661084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009391528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7097017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052208307","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.681.215","title":"External Reference Samples for Residual Stress Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Diffraction; Tungsten; Alloy; Metallurgy; X-ray crystallography; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.03290610327508173,"score_gpt":0.25773328682665253,"score_spread":0.2248271835515708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052208307","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730292,0.00007506993,0.024815004,0.000028913339,0.00037096094,0.00017719988,0.00046932415,0.00034062902,0.000693697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880729,0.00006355232,0.011606039,0.000013346433,0.000052715724,0.000055888962,0.000029116276,0.000014335225,0.00009213677],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988697,0.0000124687695,0.00022200996,0.00025616278,0.00022158856,0.00041805953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954814,0.000026959015,0.000058526217,0.00023668169,0.000053652682,0.00007603859],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029748562,0.00013425508,0.00019085595,0.00017017154,0.0002106754,0.00017212906,0.00041552124,0.000065258995,0.00032560492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036276695,0.000109397864,0.000037848888,0.0003042749,0.00014408994,0.00026565153,0.00006739329,0.000043236647,0.0000070816886],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027472812,0.000029891287,0.0015871302,0.00004044951,0.000033613145,9.874781e-7,0.000095831776,0.00054887374,0.9931391,0.0006213706,0.0031531972,0.0007220741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000064750995,0.0000615946,0.019979423,0.000024380612,0.000051172345,8.1433654e-7,0.000076760894,0.00015682995,0.9771241,0.00093346613,0.001356192,0.0001704978],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00055238005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000069641676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018392293,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042844862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014039298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44611153},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053486667","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.021","title":"Residual stress measurements in a zircaloy-4 weld by neutron diffraction","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Materialia","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Deep River Science Academy","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Materials science; Neutron diffraction; Residual stress; Tungsten; Welding; Stress (linguistics); Diffraction; Diffractometer; Texture (cosmology); Zirconium alloy; Neutron; Metallurgy; Composite material; Optics; Nuclear physics; Zirconium; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.01546368175201038,"score_gpt":0.230148289861813,"score_spread":0.2146846081098026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053486667","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972261,0.00007826799,0.000047973062,0.000229081,0.001173034,0.00015377959,0.000042840973,0.00041334308,0.0006355384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992298,0.0001057083,0.0002999351,0.000020757332,0.00014349149,0.00003186622,0.000046090114,0.000036137946,0.00008619614],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916804,0.000020288564,0.0002093825,0.0001619517,0.0001720889,0.0002682521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997277,0.000004422568,0.00002945044,0.00017738894,0.000012530018,0.000048487596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000083645245,0.00015608018,0.00015101649,0.00006184006,0.00003636279,0.00008905773,0.00015029412,0.0001259921,0.00009125804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011263531,0.00014832408,0.000021591764,0.00008460536,0.000016274058,0.00018503363,0.00003216989,0.00008379338,0.000018638071],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003294422,0.00007914955,0.0015225497,0.00010272438,0.000019346066,0.000008251019,0.00007751903,0.00090398634,0.97314423,0.000030871368,0.023925181,0.00015324292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006014271,0.00004644383,0.0254144,0.00015829586,0.000009711673,0.0000031228212,0.00001814158,0.0000061083033,0.9646866,0.0002851351,0.00853568,0.00023494942],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008965373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015203362,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023891851,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014285799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008069168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.604848},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054120796","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.05.004","title":"Durability of adhesive bonding of titanium in radiation and aerospace environments","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Adhesive; Titanium; Composite material; Sodium hydroxide; Ceramic; Durability; Ultimate tensile strength; Anodizing; Joint (building); Adhesive bonding; Shear strength (soil); Hydroxide; Metallurgy; Chemical engineering; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.006078412930653881,"score_gpt":0.23731653754031876,"score_spread":0.23123812460966486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054120796","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99767643,0.001506215,0.00013433349,0.00037515358,0.000088705136,0.000044564913,0.00000628592,0.000005634132,0.00016266218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945502,0.0034325877,0.0019136997,0.000010273675,0.00006067029,6.3917975e-7,7.9799884e-7,0.000006289064,0.00002478679],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930733,0.000019728452,0.00035706352,0.000061480154,0.00019249097,0.000061923485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960464,0.00009547033,0.00018043623,0.000041056042,0.000040811712,0.00003756287],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014316659,0.000073311465,0.00016515433,0.00015733416,0.000009513842,0.00000952312,0.00009607743,0.000048580652,0.00001841839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000066733824,0.000062758045,0.00003990253,0.0000384378,0.000052449497,0.00019215042,0.00002793135,0.0000872775,2.951267e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021732732,0.0002081952,0.10284453,0.00015212293,0.00016165272,0.000024481813,0.0012641299,0.003426685,0.85603917,0.0012431886,0.00077054277,0.033647973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052214286,0.000119641125,0.14940257,0.00025130957,0.000011727149,0.00002865671,0.00023836302,0.00033074085,0.84674597,0.0004258584,0.0018434486,0.00007955241],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008094843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000041582402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.046558037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040698247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000081350145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25591987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056025651","doi":"10.1007/bf03266574","title":"Tensile and Toughness Properties of Pipeline Girth Welds","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada); Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Welding; Toughness; Girth (graph theory); Composite material; Tensile testing; Metallurgy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.015753879129749713,"score_gpt":0.22917469485420244,"score_spread":0.21342081572445273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056025651","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804198,0.0022867154,0.0011328388,0.0003124321,0.00015241241,0.00016825392,0.0000017335973,0.00019438355,0.015331416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986751,0.00009205904,0.0007443275,0.000047031346,0.000082670296,0.0000056190715,5.601754e-7,0.000014721877,0.0003378903],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942255,0.000013081675,0.00019420907,0.00008390018,0.000106646636,0.00017962875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997185,0.00007502944,0.000022339294,0.00014911464,0.000015455325,0.000019559147],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004130483,0.00009394305,0.0001304398,0.00012616695,0.000035945643,0.000017373315,0.0001511709,0.000040029725,0.0000105035615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026093656,0.000059392507,0.000021606313,0.00026530254,0.00005657859,0.00004211239,0.000034470082,0.00015442041,9.991387e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005499769,0.0007043415,0.11034071,0.0057014627,0.0002594196,0.00041876157,0.018909836,0.13099135,0.44386086,0.018864216,0.1506072,0.11879186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022638647,0.000031410804,0.008385282,0.0005557418,0.000014645892,0.000020160714,0.0004531581,0.0013081937,0.9622764,0.00054744317,0.025945546,0.00023565811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000088802684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00034241469,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5184155,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012406785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000027629071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24219562},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056099712","doi":"10.1007/s00170-012-3902-0","title":"Development of a real-time laser-based machine vision system to monitor and control welding processes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Research Nova Scotia; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Welding; Computer vision; Machine vision; Image processing; Artificial intelligence; Feature (linguistics); Robot welding; Process (computing); Position (finance); Laser; Engineering; Joint (building); Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Image (mathematics); Optics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.00497769603377459,"score_gpt":0.241749754386962,"score_spread":0.2367720583531874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056099712","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98716706,0.00037054194,0.01139644,0.0004656573,0.00024045903,0.00011066561,0.0000058696187,0.00017647748,0.00006680706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.952186,0.0000970739,0.047598653,0.000010703302,0.00007616746,0.000008531293,6.410054e-7,0.000016493066,0.000005763241],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919635,0.000008174053,0.00035407252,0.00006411867,0.00022014136,0.00015711825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994588,0.000100302816,0.00017795185,0.00009723061,0.00011721627,0.000048525624],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002081953,0.00011628001,0.0001974621,0.0003027354,0.000045548604,0.000015126002,0.00040376562,0.0000647552,0.0000049051237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005475234,0.00007885236,0.000026594234,0.00007174263,0.00003237503,0.000114058406,0.000075098265,0.00014949309,0.0000017335598],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005657768,0.00014438682,0.00079766935,0.00063196395,0.0004985938,0.000039912382,0.0006042176,0.16300409,0.7207433,0.00018546263,0.00024362504,0.11254098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003573647,0.00006209955,0.0004925455,0.00044538447,0.000014021372,0.00007398985,0.00011547969,0.00021472802,0.99633765,0.00007667257,0.0017261856,0.00008390398],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000029300659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002255531,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2755943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010833082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016652068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3215506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057549483","doi":"10.1115/pvp2005-71412","title":"A Novel Technological Assessment for Welding Heavy Wall Stainless Steel","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PCL Construction (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Shielding gas; Materials science; Arc welding; Fabrication; Electromagnetic shielding; Bridging (networking); Metallurgy; Electrogas welding; Electric resistance welding; Gas metal arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.021165350733182372,"score_gpt":0.278419475270454,"score_spread":0.25725412453727164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057549483","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06747708,0.00021413494,0.90927017,0.0021650842,0.000081342325,0.0005506307,0.000017825334,0.0035321543,0.01669157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7379848,0.000066184824,0.26133817,0.000076013,0.00007478829,0.00011036448,0.0000040398045,0.000023813269,0.00032183464],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922234,0.0000034735199,0.00018353458,0.00016635928,0.000113496695,0.00031077405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965924,0.000069986556,0.000016392043,0.00017370805,0.000027874336,0.000052826752],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014115484,0.0001465606,0.00015886457,0.00007021117,0.00007370384,0.00004934489,0.00019562076,0.00015469575,0.000070232774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015076809,0.000112993155,0.000064070024,0.00009630318,0.000030902796,0.00007717715,0.00005282664,0.0001544121,0.000004423489],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005899581,0.0008774747,0.0009708312,0.00079867867,0.00031481843,0.000015572372,0.00013308966,0.23294082,0.15314741,0.22724156,0.0921142,0.29138654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008267425,0.00018268346,0.0009211154,0.00010229276,0.00002656044,0.000020027188,0.00016736775,0.09405303,0.41566965,0.0019910047,0.48536715,0.00067237316],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010678001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002178599,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6705077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011355955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009845248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46077272},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058917786","doi":"10.1115/pvp2010-25770","title":"Challenges in Verification of CWM Software to Compute Residual Stress and Distortion in Welds","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Cwm; Welding; Residual; Distortion (music); Residual stress; Computer science; Experimental data; Code (set theory); Software; Computational mechanics; Computational model; Algorithm; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Engineering; RDF; Materials science; Statistics; Programming language","score_opus":0.021108930517172997,"score_gpt":0.24306849122125274,"score_spread":0.22195956070407974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058917786","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967174,0.00035916024,0.001701077,0.00019988742,0.000074520816,0.000101942314,0.0000045543293,0.00012792027,0.0007135596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925395,0.0005210511,0.006883205,0.0000028965374,0.000022882394,0.000010425631,0.0000039874963,0.000008093002,0.000007939434],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99962175,0.000006926057,0.0001320876,0.0000992295,0.00005727773,0.00008272075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981254,0.000026140002,0.000011728185,0.00011276464,0.000011197531,0.00002564635],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007363916,0.000058445617,0.00008933298,0.000102009086,0.000007375378,0.000006268491,0.00006124687,0.00007670241,0.0000067484757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019923506,0.00005460155,0.000006659577,0.00007311876,0.00001329947,0.000044860095,0.000022738794,0.000106583204,6.443885e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105797175,0.00040654323,0.2170453,0.0021446538,0.000033951495,0.000025070778,0.004458077,0.056971956,0.045115042,0.009044504,0.002352338,0.6622968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002037896,0.00007778678,0.8541576,0.00018132155,0.0000023888765,0.0000015845741,0.00011824806,0.00064618373,0.14296696,0.0004886059,0.0009819679,0.00017352657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015436826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043647233,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66212326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001160429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002984213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2435618},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058954261","doi":"10.2351/1.2227007","title":"A two-dimensional thermal finite element model of laser transmission welding for T joint","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser; Laser beam welding; Finite element method; Laser power scaling; Thermal; Composite material; Optics; Structural engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.017346132046315185,"score_gpt":0.2481770008735482,"score_spread":0.230830868827233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058954261","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18086456,0.0003057719,0.817021,0.00039116896,0.000030880467,0.00033985093,0.00005894914,0.00006115394,0.0009266417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90344894,0.000035751014,0.096205205,0.000019239018,0.00014198593,0.000055500335,0.000008625702,0.00001989418,0.00006484814],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992135,0.000006595689,0.0004334841,0.000065817265,0.00015807177,0.00012249526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954265,0.00006576963,0.00012892681,0.00010022302,0.00011367371,0.000048780363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015205752,0.00009159042,0.00016052533,0.00008999664,0.000058466125,0.000010965157,0.00010651533,0.00004534708,0.00002558244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003186741,0.0000723012,0.0001316216,0.00008105424,0.000016495647,0.00006373747,0.000010914217,0.00010696591,8.127103e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013327196,0.00007029163,0.000019852738,0.00004870553,0.000021590362,4.5906282e-7,0.000014967976,0.9417009,0.053564325,0.0001955551,0.0031990174,0.0011510128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005931574,0.000060253453,0.00009612154,0.00010435654,0.000063027874,0.0000062337226,0.0000102899,0.24035394,0.74587595,0.0055262665,0.0071872417,0.00012317095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000073793367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021844912,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72258437,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003006199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025636815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29483572},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061642118","doi":"10.1179/136217100101538443","title":"Effect of sulphur on hot ductility and heat affected zone microfissuring in Inconel 718 welds","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Inconel; Ductility (Earth science); Metallurgy; Liquation; Welding; Composite material; Creep; Alloy","score_opus":0.0036349609408064805,"score_gpt":0.22350503491067078,"score_spread":0.2198700739698643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061642118","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982599,0.0006223066,0.00004551688,0.00013391642,0.00004221763,0.00011646919,0.0000010957865,0.00023266894,0.000545922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987163,0.00023267935,0.0010228752,0.0000046111727,0.000006779702,0.0000053046665,1.3615629e-7,0.0000073121223,0.0000039816046],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991656,0.00001807073,0.0001963669,0.00023298524,0.00012973878,0.000257231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966097,0.00008361544,0.00002433718,0.00016990432,0.00002561744,0.000035565772],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007985625,0.00011725992,0.00025064158,0.0005240592,0.00009882546,0.000013980678,0.00016425792,0.00011823138,0.000009021304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012982123,0.000102882834,0.000014337874,0.0009695523,0.0006916295,0.00013141743,0.00006321248,0.00019831676,4.0352816e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004820415,0.00003352972,0.073994,0.00028265978,0.000013186139,0.000013482641,0.0003112287,0.0010371329,0.7594276,0.00032294984,0.00001824712,0.16449775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029100952,0.00040317967,0.016975641,0.00029779764,0.000005712373,0.000022853541,0.00009066606,0.00059478945,0.9810313,0.00015119159,0.000034569824,0.000101317506],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008235925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007668346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22160365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023494385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012152843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41954404},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061849785","doi":"10.1115/imece2011-62372","title":"Modeling and Simulation of Mecano-Welding Process for Tubular Sections","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Residual stress; Bent molecular geometry; Bending; Structural engineering; Process (computing); Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Stage (stratigraphy); Finite element method; Arc welding; Engineering; Computer science; Metallurgy; Geology","score_opus":0.04702919729800368,"score_gpt":0.2748978396457935,"score_spread":0.22786864234778983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061849785","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50768673,0.000063058156,0.49045858,0.0000022310958,0.00002278909,0.00008777771,0.0000015945902,0.00016564644,0.0015115974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908033,0.000024093482,0.009113514,0.0000018501548,0.000017645176,0.000014228013,9.867824e-7,0.000010849477,0.00001352714],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997574,0.0000014402897,0.000090490386,0.000054503726,0.00003048523,0.000065663255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988353,0.0000140900365,0.000007290596,0.000044214594,0.000034271816,0.000016592821],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035567504,0.000045464018,0.000060861446,0.000038784463,0.000030838877,0.0000043257623,0.000027720653,0.000037790956,0.0000118827365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010315043,0.000039156064,0.000015190467,0.000041920157,0.000005823435,0.000061532686,0.0000062662525,0.000024682739,9.1765976e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025505592,0.000004306194,0.00006375768,0.000109534005,0.000008253714,5.6708256e-8,0.00018794286,0.99847656,0.0007082974,0.00018336541,0.000008849576,0.00024650645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004491167,0.000018255645,0.00001323347,0.000020647618,0.000008006161,4.3355752e-7,0.00005430276,0.83161473,0.16534103,0.002814399,0.00002330968,0.000046746645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000042035317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010490858,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4831166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004709826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000022975362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1596738},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062172741","doi":"10.1007/s10999-009-9107-5","title":"Analysis of predicted residual stress in a weld and comparison with experimental data using regression model","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Monte Carlo method; Residual; Solid mechanics; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Statistical physics; Algorithm; Statistics; Physics; Materials science","score_opus":0.05904202497974487,"score_gpt":0.3275779259696194,"score_spread":0.2685359009898745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062172741","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9139035,0.0004734801,0.08539409,0.000025715917,0.000068203124,0.00005547343,0.00006833087,0.0000073719657,0.0000038829457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9737043,0.0004781485,0.025771277,0.0000050000826,0.000024718049,5.434093e-7,0.000009623379,0.0000059216886,4.609747e-7],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992208,0.000035301804,0.00038244243,0.00008713362,0.00020416894,0.00007015513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996591,0.000029094204,0.00015611933,0.00008249675,0.00004805828,0.00002508392],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031702578,0.000082169965,0.0002680838,0.0003498994,0.000008694484,0.00003876629,0.0002086981,0.000053811164,0.0000055485525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016908594,0.000061722494,0.000010094142,0.00009245112,0.000008125325,0.00015142254,0.000055357435,0.000067020104,5.2042806e-9],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006141227,0.00014994372,0.00047832244,0.000022456868,0.0002697341,0.00006771831,0.0003908232,0.6269599,0.36983338,0.0004367017,0.00008241129,0.00069445255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044023024,0.00013386211,0.00042931433,0.00048286517,0.00006138201,0.000017982193,0.00009239756,0.59619683,0.40151274,0.00056403544,0.00000130907,0.00006707113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027919472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012403086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.059800856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028681958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014933063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.251697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062299829","doi":"10.2351/1.3538988","title":"A practical use of humping effect in laser beam welding","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Laser; Cold welding; Electric resistance welding; Laser power scaling; Beam (structure); Optics; Composite material; Gas metal arc welding","score_opus":0.050509196208955096,"score_gpt":0.2967315090978968,"score_spread":0.2462223128889417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062299829","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95775664,0.00008644806,0.040533952,0.00009675665,0.000054289652,0.0002301215,0.000005546711,0.0000622376,0.0011740075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97541404,0.00014650582,0.024316587,0.000012455787,0.00005864881,0.000025261003,6.5562995e-7,0.0000152171615,0.000010655287],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936724,0.000019658022,0.00033944813,0.000055882632,0.000107844186,0.00010990708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944246,0.00020625402,0.000115484094,0.00012932857,0.00005340933,0.00005303926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020875821,0.00007587036,0.00017045485,0.00014314221,0.000021663149,0.000013417833,0.0001030654,0.000063560794,0.00003322361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005838968,0.00006246277,0.000065431435,0.00019236124,0.000023411285,0.000197094,0.000020797155,0.00022863096,0.000003308996],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001170767,0.0053327405,0.3079211,0.003881745,0.00224245,0.00084258075,0.0058734445,0.2652999,0.16951315,0.0073172217,0.17900364,0.051601283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033410836,0.00015534513,0.0114071565,0.000233503,0.00007165555,0.00006195845,0.00004033512,0.00032077427,0.9764172,0.00076098414,0.010045879,0.00015110798],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023881144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009663996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.806904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002974218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013719399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25471577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066299645","doi":"10.4271/2014-01-0990","title":"Effect of Fiber Laser Welding on the Fatigue Properties of Dissimilar Welded Joints between DP980 and HSLA Steels","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Teck (Canada); University of Waterloo; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Fiber laser; Fiber; Composite material","score_opus":0.016752600360565383,"score_gpt":0.23952885026093867,"score_spread":0.22277624990037329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066299645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.978712,0.00028456442,0.000001620445,0.0012133126,0.0000870213,0.00096255064,0.000049928858,0.0013821465,0.017306823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99843806,0.0003268547,0.00055226975,0.00013324826,0.00010808322,0.00018217787,0.000009828872,0.00012207382,0.0001273783],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968865,0.00029185246,0.00093076786,0.0005987336,0.0006886045,0.00060352805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99709964,0.0013881202,0.00019590382,0.0010613565,0.00006197558,0.00019299134],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010399218,0.000680438,0.0011265869,0.00016613671,0.0002251393,0.00005941614,0.00078294193,0.00063230813,0.00016320021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00094845105,0.00041075147,0.0003206163,0.00039589655,0.000974778,0.00019245094,0.00033181658,0.0009465716,0.000011639974],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022698611,0.000085774045,0.0005071175,0.0006408072,0.000110055145,0.0000050549124,0.00003680932,0.00036459588,0.98870367,0.0011210046,0.002545235,0.005652895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067896163,0.0034031302,0.60327923,0.0022476458,0.00019188496,0.000013550375,0.000035956356,5.349789e-7,0.37579247,0.00077805604,0.012831144,0.0007474101],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029067767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010008808,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61291116,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000717407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016518434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066657259","doi":"10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.006","title":"Laser Beam Welding of Nitride Steel Components","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Procedia","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Gas metal arc welding; Electric resistance welding; Nitride; Laser; Metallurgy; Composite material; Layer (electronics); Optics","score_opus":0.0376194626732668,"score_gpt":0.21277220460613602,"score_spread":0.17515274193286923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066657259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832221,0.00011978789,0.0028964898,0.0000028248992,0.00014100058,0.00011585704,0.0000133503,0.0004037857,0.01308477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957852,0.00007074693,0.003955024,0.000007335573,0.00011351302,0.00001254997,0.0000057498714,0.000027448606,0.000022470398],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995207,0.0000028348688,0.00013184985,0.00008799333,0.00010395762,0.0001526619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997531,0.000017846509,0.000031815824,0.00012219607,0.00003515999,0.000039862374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000326895,0.00010323862,0.00013463893,0.00001850395,0.000022657294,0.0000060160532,0.00013881798,0.000042084328,0.000019653009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000061491346,0.000095982134,0.0000424171,0.00010785933,0.000024902052,0.00008417199,0.000036628375,0.000095179494,0.00001284015],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023895377,0.0028302015,0.11155322,0.008544871,0.0016355085,0.00009536327,0.014000353,0.05654514,0.5811078,0.008596761,0.060528874,0.15432295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010097954,0.000022051407,0.0022387546,0.000064332744,0.000014075911,8.156747e-7,0.000017003036,0.00060119136,0.9933535,0.00309366,0.0003655777,0.00012804977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003428735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001204005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41224572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011201411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000439511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3914038},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067725434","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2013.11.005","title":"Microstructure characterization of laser welded Ti-6Al-4V fusion zones","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Characterization","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Microstructure; Martensite; Laser beam welding; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Composite material; Phase (matter)","score_opus":0.0048378349305805484,"score_gpt":0.18216806168742514,"score_spread":0.1773302267568446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067725434","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942407,0.0000055207443,0.0036083302,0.00009798366,0.0008373774,0.00044815865,0.00024842026,0.00044652692,0.00006699983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963045,0.00023583374,0.00042944567,0.000039532297,0.00027055893,0.00005971622,0.0024417175,0.00005707139,0.00016164102],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990144,0.00003776496,0.00043121885,0.00017414552,0.00013720308,0.00020531373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994715,0.000009254539,0.00015662707,0.00021695046,0.00009887208,0.000046835692],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000063344596,0.00020967056,0.00027737895,0.000112442525,0.00005951181,0.0001382265,0.0001400663,0.00019865972,0.0015517317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001180288,0.00018557055,0.00003437729,0.00015314689,0.000029108385,0.00044296487,0.00004912712,0.00005625775,0.000059392485],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009988643,0.000015822876,0.00039328187,0.00021559562,0.000011855944,6.5704603e-7,0.00008150462,0.000029104378,0.9979759,0.000025560086,0.00010675509,0.0011339735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012448875,0.000024029681,0.13476838,0.000092947164,0.000010376915,0.000003569075,0.0000051645893,0.00011031222,0.8635784,0.00007264151,0.0010326914,0.00017705192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028520892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010108372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13439755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023228018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006640692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999361},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068162625","doi":"10.1520/mpc20130007","title":"Residual Stresses in Welded Stiffened Steel Plates—An Experimental Comparative Study","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Performance and Characterization","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Composite material; Diffraction; Neutron diffraction; Transverse plane; Residual; Stress (linguistics); Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Optics","score_opus":0.01850250254151673,"score_gpt":0.24491823070488114,"score_spread":0.22641572816336442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068162625","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989792,0.000024303929,0.0000064091814,0.000009376913,0.00016175404,0.00052577106,0.000022827158,0.00020209183,0.000068280344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99928135,0.00012464313,0.000056394394,0.000010319671,0.000098109624,0.0001838809,0.00020081834,0.000019740739,0.000024734889],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926233,0.000035532994,0.00026330366,0.00016271835,0.00009793147,0.00017819133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997699,0.000007920549,0.000042429234,0.00011656457,0.000021729838,0.000041449443],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006159289,0.0001657342,0.0002183134,0.000085637395,0.000072408446,0.00017713901,0.00008499851,0.00006514792,0.00024515667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000012418443,0.00014447971,0.0000059541308,0.00007629305,0.000022366663,0.0007259192,0.000035635698,0.000053458152,0.0000143648995],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032351752,0.00013085238,0.0079318695,0.00005793282,0.000009643985,0.0000015179709,0.0017987505,0.00017794875,0.9893652,0.0000042648767,0.000036072805,0.00045354723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002700948,0.00019952263,0.36620426,0.00004170479,0.0000035830478,0.0000012606704,0.000573012,0.0006160486,0.63192743,0.0000032030348,0.00002470612,0.00013515468],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000060000002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012064202,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3582724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018715034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004337622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5891712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068527297","doi":"10.1115/ipc2014-33574","title":"Parameters Affecting Dent Strain Using 3D Laser Scan Profile","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Repeatability; Pipeline (software); Laser scanning; Reliability (semiconductor); Scanner; Strain (injury); High resolution; Computer science; Laser; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Remote sensing; Statistics; Geology; Medicine; Optics","score_opus":0.016220552228423484,"score_gpt":0.23852694151154047,"score_spread":0.222306389283117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068527297","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92926687,0.00002553207,0.056132704,0.000016264481,0.00014711119,0.00013344795,0.000004093802,0.00089711114,0.013376855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9153561,0.0000051513775,0.08443078,0.000022012842,0.000064850574,0.0000057871002,0.0000027624972,0.000025056826,0.00008751561],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994703,0.000017556913,0.000104460756,0.00010894804,0.00008641365,0.00021230616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997506,0.00004631881,0.000014712464,0.00012677045,0.00000959142,0.000052018677],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012118599,0.00010468633,0.00010162635,0.000043454773,0.000053553133,0.000047125726,0.00008146207,0.000056650417,0.000106242696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002464303,0.000086948254,0.00003422617,0.00007582731,0.000015364698,0.000054093325,0.000026059215,0.0000916347,0.000010747895],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009586491,0.00007036019,0.0064719273,0.00059091556,0.00014473981,0.00001476317,0.00035194383,0.74030066,0.094966665,0.00057627354,0.011982261,0.14451993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020880476,0.00007489858,0.0013456878,0.00016662988,0.000025404062,0.000015912467,0.000107247586,0.2697764,0.7247267,0.00032864438,0.0027626366,0.00046107688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010946336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030939656,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62975997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037285256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000037213836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3545647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068621766","doi":"10.1007/bf03266684","title":"Estimating Contour Laser Transmission Welding Start-up Conditions using a Novel Non-Contact Method","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Solid mechanics; Laser; Transmission (telecommunications); Laser beam welding; Power (physics); Range (aeronautics); Laser power scaling; Power transmission; Optics; Composite material; Computer science","score_opus":0.03899631518890391,"score_gpt":0.3073141725201006,"score_spread":0.26831785733119673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068621766","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45887935,0.0002589203,0.53236926,0.00028398633,0.00057729136,0.00047712447,0.000021895166,0.0005848266,0.0065473174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83148384,0.000020102792,0.16795152,0.00009534621,0.00019431129,0.000034803597,0.000007965833,0.00005083476,0.00016124835],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985587,0.00006689816,0.00040709478,0.00025230437,0.00025498177,0.00046002463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990801,0.00046145634,0.00007082996,0.00028341752,0.000026585412,0.00007760808],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005329318,0.00027278368,0.00031767075,0.0002937511,0.0004269726,0.00007137214,0.0003505187,0.00010070798,0.00012412526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000445875,0.00021453641,0.000119583114,0.00056725583,0.000040104995,0.00021216311,0.000037110334,0.0005192796,0.000005245587],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002153748,0.00007618987,0.0010766212,0.00016993875,0.000060101513,0.000091668284,0.0022956769,0.9253629,0.06371896,0.00030416925,0.005759331,0.0010629382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015755647,0.00007215419,0.0032798478,0.0021241833,0.000106898,0.00034571972,0.00048972375,0.72442025,0.25461358,0.0011930587,0.010764702,0.0010142854],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037902064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009171732,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37260452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011579216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024851843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87485415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069588849","doi":"10.1115/1.3122036","title":"The Effects of Filler Metal Transformation Temperature on Residual Stresses in a High Strength Steel Weld","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Martensite; Consumables; Metallurgy; Composite material; Austenite; Ultimate tensile strength; Filler metal; Context (archaeology); Arc welding; Microstructure","score_opus":0.00312617952642721,"score_gpt":0.20868013875439423,"score_spread":0.20555395922796701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069588849","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883898,0.00843599,0.00006037091,0.002071883,0.00033784765,0.00023844649,0.000012851266,0.00015905709,0.00029374365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99603665,0.0033248642,0.0004866884,0.000015345124,0.00008147989,0.000006317453,0.0000014774604,0.000015943711,0.00003121588],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988054,0.000051145635,0.00053471595,0.000098893666,0.000267954,0.00024187594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918497,0.00025577503,0.00019530463,0.00023128997,0.000098626464,0.00003406668],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001995717,0.00018862037,0.00038089114,0.00045997553,0.000053000324,0.000027358243,0.00044382617,0.0003679099,0.0000060487655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001914497,0.000119374185,0.000077674966,0.0004159332,0.00007273103,0.0001626232,0.000017192137,0.0007887146,4.6708755e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010834009,0.0014982185,0.001072639,0.0026369963,0.0017512845,0.00055556826,0.0018965064,0.0878638,0.6468384,0.05237508,0.061800938,0.14062716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009908187,0.0014074777,0.006122595,0.00077778,0.00010817833,0.00005397759,0.00018458834,0.000090099114,0.97151566,0.0045694383,0.013983944,0.00019542029],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000048135407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011310988,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3246773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021407084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023802952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4867938},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069851153","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.07.033","title":"Controlling heat transfer in micro electron beam welding using volumetric heating","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Electron beam welding; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Beam (structure); Cathode ray; Controllability; Work (physics); Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Electron; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.01742725758372708,"score_gpt":0.2400748120920726,"score_spread":0.22264755450834553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069851153","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8990144,0.0030015605,0.09707881,0.000056469078,0.00038273833,0.000078119236,0.00000493766,0.000035548648,0.00034741205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99557316,0.0014789957,0.0026892286,0.00003586624,0.00018968005,0.0000019571237,0.0000010954554,0.00002605596,0.000003956833],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989461,0.000020242396,0.00047050658,0.00010315803,0.00022953888,0.00023046782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997281,0.000053955115,0.0000060590487,0.000044432738,0.00009788926,0.00006958207],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023086352,0.00015197288,0.00025895706,0.00047517943,0.00003672949,0.00004920016,0.00017656248,0.00009302556,0.000042457264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009913426,0.00013432524,0.00010764009,0.00014130426,0.000025152527,0.00024875542,0.0000058670826,0.00031421712,3.51997e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000446214,0.00012500309,0.024098031,0.000108983004,0.0004336445,0.0002739301,0.0013983898,0.05429605,0.91564935,0.00020810276,0.000048150676,0.0029141717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019331508,0.00021081518,0.0027841853,0.0005300285,0.0000677744,0.00031763042,0.000108151646,0.010607537,0.98214936,0.00049426634,0.0005003592,0.00029673427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017585797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023673532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09655876,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000101537174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019655472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5477624},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072674161","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.681.431","title":"On the Measurement of Residual Stress in Induction Hardened Parts","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Pratt and Whitney Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Induction hardening; Diffraction; Composite material; Stress (linguistics); Nucleation; Quenching (fluorescence); Bending; Optics","score_opus":0.04663674812060314,"score_gpt":0.23020177676730957,"score_spread":0.18356502864670643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072674161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99697405,0.00001551801,0.000031401723,0.000093393886,0.00041276283,0.00013444324,0.0000091214815,0.00006851552,0.0022607835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997446,0.000013453399,0.00018125182,0.000009989725,0.00001911561,0.000020621996,3.8253913e-7,0.0000063382536,0.0000042446472],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919605,0.000016848067,0.00016159777,0.000107355954,0.0003097185,0.00020843893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997245,0.000008648643,0.0000320049,0.00017762995,0.000036365996,0.000020846885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069719116,0.000069396076,0.00008796809,0.00008447436,0.00006169599,0.000030499028,0.00025540995,0.000031367046,0.00012486055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052017065,0.00004393063,0.000009888329,0.00016182625,0.0001305734,0.000091590664,0.00004662822,0.000038091515,0.0000048557695],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002885382,0.00004557124,0.0003771167,0.000037628506,0.000004084197,0.0000020787493,0.00048094607,0.0017289886,0.99121445,0.004161526,0.0016147149,0.00030401946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003791327,0.000053068085,0.0048389724,0.00009384901,0.0000013682105,4.582612e-7,0.00011831299,0.000012421168,0.99217105,0.0025618162,0.00005514683,0.00005563563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014436772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006235157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0044618556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042368727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017258268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17914392},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073270967","doi":"10.1007/s10665-009-9292-0","title":"Adjoint-based optimization of thermo-fluid phenomena in welding processes","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Mathematics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Shape optimization; Adjoint equation; Mathematics; Fluid dynamics; Boundary value problem; Momentum (technical analysis); Conservation of mass; Flow (mathematics); Optimization problem; Applied mathematics; Optimal control; Welding; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Mechanics; Finite element method; Mechanical engineering; Partial differential equation; Geometry; Physics","score_opus":0.009160926009609055,"score_gpt":0.20949721893519502,"score_spread":0.20033629292558597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2073270967","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19610654,0.0015450234,0.800835,0.00008927231,0.00014122731,0.00014318389,0.0000025444422,0.0001743467,0.0009628522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.825721,0.00024085426,0.17392658,0.000005726457,0.000078456316,0.0000012038107,5.034594e-7,0.000022763788,0.0000029139142],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991262,0.000004051315,0.0005197502,0.00004374426,0.00016977888,0.00013649992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954295,0.00008934708,0.00013939879,0.000097134296,0.00009215588,0.000038994007],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019801987,0.00012353202,0.00027876737,0.00025809408,0.000008707696,0.000016934773,0.00015320542,0.000060450733,0.000012956953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017537907,0.00010425091,0.000052422438,0.00028736226,0.000007781077,0.000110411354,0.00000623338,0.00014362726,2.4078707e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032840983,0.000057713685,0.000011971045,0.0006795275,0.000012779567,0.000006608384,0.00017198778,0.99327826,0.005277822,0.00008944623,0.00007068872,0.0003399358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004579653,0.00023059858,0.00015156662,0.002336995,0.000034003075,0.00003382577,0.00007056678,0.80928487,0.1864467,0.00052961585,0.00017570637,0.00024758824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.672195e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.0418604e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6296145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048117763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023859333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4251229},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073670787","doi":"10.1007/s11661-003-0193-y","title":"Residual stresses in an electron beam weld of Ti-834: Characterization and numerical modeling","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Electron beam welding; Welding; Finite element method; Transverse plane; Titanium alloy; Thermal conduction; Beam (structure); Cathode ray; Mechanics; Composite material; Alloy; Structural engineering; Optics; Electron; Physics","score_opus":0.011947815723894918,"score_gpt":0.2237553854651722,"score_spread":0.2118075697412773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2073670787","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8096276,0.00015309997,0.1899408,0.000015809177,0.000043177,0.00008784953,0.00002187937,0.00007756838,0.000032242795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976671,0.0010332933,0.0012032578,0.000003915439,0.000016726259,0.000021864762,0.000019439922,0.00001566407,0.000018735826],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935675,0.000041411327,0.00024253136,0.00014231462,0.00006916794,0.00014780613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998314,0.000014773938,0.000019259793,0.00006762978,0.000014050449,0.000052927346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010108649,0.00010818435,0.00022657891,0.00006488073,0.00004220839,0.000050158917,0.000034611927,0.00009055716,0.00014460445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000044065273,0.000098149576,0.000016223259,0.00008762623,0.000027204394,0.00015790018,0.0000029042724,0.00007184291,3.5375166e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066598004,0.00019706057,0.000028462775,0.00029402462,0.000045622375,0.000010775204,0.00015670342,0.050983213,0.9456308,0.0007130503,0.0000021156523,0.0018716055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004945572,0.00020300048,0.0015193657,0.00009532946,0.000064397165,0.000050726034,0.00005105946,0.014941703,0.9808754,0.00047189137,0.0009079109,0.00032470742],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007901314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022806043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18873754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000070184765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000056235394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40024236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074138565","doi":"10.1007/s11090-007-9083-1","title":"Effect of Cathode Nozzle Geometry and Process Parameters on the Energy Distribution for an Argon Transferred Arc","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Plasma arc welding; Cathode; Arc (geometry); Argon; Mechanics; Electric arc; Joule heating; Plasma torch; Plasma; Chemistry; Current (fluid); Anode; Voltage; Materials science; Electrode; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.010965357302522067,"score_gpt":0.24555956600368947,"score_spread":0.2345942087011674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074138565","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98922527,0.00020144305,0.009881853,0.00002143176,0.00002558233,0.00013277598,0.000062866835,0.00013249776,0.0003162702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992346,0.00007918389,0.0004906326,0.0000055155697,0.00004250989,0.000037053574,0.00007599444,0.000022214592,0.000012294866],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920166,0.000013143078,0.00019935642,0.0002147745,0.00011846784,0.00025261115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992196,0.0005178202,0.000049242095,0.00010068653,0.000030414678,0.0000822593],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038314945,0.0002021412,0.00020467243,0.000019899508,0.00016003603,0.000057496116,0.000106489795,0.00016352609,0.0000014480951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008995298,0.00014442804,0.00003063585,0.00012964454,0.00009496946,0.000096380994,0.000009417695,0.00015027031,4.9247497e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024434451,0.00019619185,0.0010879929,0.020389954,0.00014915371,0.000016048794,0.00110002,0.018519651,0.5476837,0.00014299613,0.00023165814,0.40803918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032982026,0.00018379182,0.000034561283,0.00027141703,0.000037282167,0.000028288361,0.00007216024,0.026433919,0.9721313,0.000115603376,0.00018944016,0.00017241806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007880787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004084852,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4244476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018067358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001066501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58896047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074566628","doi":"10.1115/ipc2010-31280","title":"Field Girth Weld HAZ Toughness Improvement: X80/Grade 550","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"EVRAZ (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Weldability; Welding; Charpy impact test; Materials science; Toughness; Microstructure; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Composite material; Optical microscope; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.0051623033765897846,"score_gpt":0.2145101867309681,"score_spread":0.20934788335437832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074566628","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85479283,0.0001320387,0.013364255,0.0019944017,0.0017944147,0.00032569026,0.000010465037,0.002992704,0.12459322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932304,0.000075010896,0.004491411,0.00024065601,0.00021692063,0.000023786699,0.0000035885564,0.00002645312,0.0016917819],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937826,0.0000026655596,0.00014027479,0.00013348027,0.000106301144,0.00023900467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959594,0.000041644216,0.000013275388,0.00026364584,0.000015113925,0.00007038595],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048638656,0.00013316532,0.00011163538,0.000042951462,0.00005362337,0.00005307761,0.00020727281,0.00014288205,0.0009253584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017248049,0.00010595443,0.000049578553,0.00008416003,0.000017970437,0.00007883039,0.00005139313,0.00029472195,0.000031738073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018843131,0.00014759532,0.002936027,0.00034499183,0.00012312853,0.000045552773,0.0002013696,0.0008156151,0.40138188,0.015296291,0.4644263,0.1142624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011836733,0.00007620282,0.00033469198,0.000014488657,0.000006437764,0.000003329297,0.000018260835,0.0007189893,0.8674513,0.0011734726,0.12987144,0.00021299299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020198183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018410893,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46606946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007558974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005267221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075216794","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2009.09.005","title":"Weld-induced residual stresses in a prototype dragline cluster and comparison with design codes","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thin-Walled Structures","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Residual stress; Structural engineering; Downtime; Residual; Chord (peer-to-peer); Cracking; Engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Composite material; Computer science","score_opus":0.018531365789005327,"score_gpt":0.25974728007911563,"score_spread":0.2412159142901103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075216794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99380845,0.00090694934,0.0019897071,0.00047577862,0.000056938923,0.0010418432,0.0000073462525,0.00066271937,0.0010502413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981679,0.00011520071,0.017913539,0.00009930685,0.00009457353,0.000036554517,0.000008235665,0.00003486252,0.000018684197],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987445,0.00007494457,0.00031123642,0.00027984637,0.00023367596,0.00035578173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994559,0.00011646268,0.00005511854,0.00024717356,0.00003775632,0.000087544206],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013954288,0.00031476672,0.00041287683,0.00015643367,0.000089752895,0.00010743472,0.00021147673,0.00019121211,0.00003095938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035810972,0.00022625677,0.000023606653,0.00018129834,0.000048718513,0.00012071257,0.000033871453,0.0004050981,0.0000010947392],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0066735963,0.00045954838,0.01055876,0.0013910738,0.0005847662,0.00051117095,0.01650786,0.8407392,0.040623765,0.0053409473,0.034299277,0.042310018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0075518023,0.005442291,0.1809091,0.0014272487,0.00019213774,0.00019556511,0.0012558491,0.03700393,0.71145225,0.049587052,0.0019408581,0.0030419044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000086677996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028395816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80373526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032905118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025359031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9226484},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076448507","doi":"10.1115/ht2009-88142","title":"Advanced Scaling Techniques for the Modeling of Materials Processing","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 3: Combustion, Fire and Reacting Flow; Heat Transfer in Multiphase Systems; Heat Transfer in Transport Phenomena in Manufacturing and Materials Processing; Heat and Mass Transfer in Biotechnology; Low Temperature Heat Transfer; Environmental Heat Transfer; Heat Transfer Education; Visualization of Heat Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Scaling; Gas tungsten arc welding; Welding; Multiphysics; Weld pool; Mechanics; Materials science; Tungsten; Mechanical engineering; Finite element method; Arc welding; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008290359692467568,"score_gpt":0.23506743405157804,"score_spread":0.22677707435911046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076448507","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8278061,0.015176174,0.14532566,0.0010099376,0.00073734747,0.007854051,0.0013072895,0.0007544676,0.000028968405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95278305,0.042563315,0.00065429765,0.00019955165,0.00030146484,0.0018776334,0.0010849467,0.00052681356,0.000008922515],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.98645514,0.00067688536,0.005878181,0.0030701782,0.001265309,0.0026543108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977253,0.00039743862,0.000007026181,0.0010282487,0.00021318492,0.0006288194],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023756947,0.0029685767,0.0042591263,0.0023401943,0.0010404539,0.00041402256,0.0009970267,0.0030402362,0.00006899368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001461289,0.0027512987,0.00056203135,0.0016219455,0.0011633001,0.0018583267,0.00001873331,0.0021697104,0.0000011093264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003280413,0.0025437998,0.0010827046,0.019105572,0.00023098159,0.000053207754,0.011366038,0.0668722,0.8889675,0.00032694545,0.0000029525559,0.006167645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011136544,0.0012796052,0.002449533,0.011643323,0.0007026144,0.00019361886,0.003454635,0.019676816,0.94630253,0.000098362456,0.00021302461,0.002849396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027293244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012982046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14467137,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006760546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041156702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078375514","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.859","title":"Determination of Global and Local Tensile Behaviours of Laser Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Welding; Digital image correlation; Composite material; Heat-affected zone; Modulus; Alloy; Yield (engineering); Stress (linguistics); Deformation (meteorology); Elastic modulus; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.04286172392960198,"score_gpt":0.3308649507049659,"score_spread":0.28800322677536394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078375514","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997641,0.00010460056,0.0010714009,0.000007891978,0.0000833987,0.0001850188,0.00008003197,0.00007448034,0.0007521482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912297,0.000231269,0.008456151,0.0000011249263,0.000014759005,0.000019748546,0.000006948035,0.000015523541,0.000024779116],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991942,0.000044763226,0.00021467419,0.000121516234,0.00020728537,0.000217527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995725,0.00003818414,0.000032497304,0.00016634459,0.00014224279,0.000048204558],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024943348,0.00008422777,0.00018516248,0.000055335386,0.0000278838,0.000010342746,0.00012632557,0.00008644474,0.00010073267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043725082,0.000074430776,0.000016709062,0.00012023271,0.00016933115,0.00010392384,0.00008896969,0.00006105611,0.000002152654],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014808096,0.00007439525,0.0016430888,0.0004070593,0.000014885979,0.000021267633,0.00012281929,0.00020273076,0.9822799,0.00055047823,0.00028925776,0.014246033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017421426,0.000151522,0.007758771,0.00008930081,0.000005531213,0.000004557527,0.00006372917,0.000037832942,0.99014086,0.0014345959,0.0000658332,0.00007324035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026796898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050018578,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014172792,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030369363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001110056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3035199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079308708","doi":"10.1002/pen.21943","title":"Experimental study on gap bridging in contour laser transmission welding of polycarbonate and polyamide","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymer Engineering and Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; MAHLE Filter Systems (Canada); Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Polyamide; Polycarbonate; Composite material; Welding; Laser; Laser beam welding; Laser power scaling; Microstructure; Optics","score_opus":0.020917283919549397,"score_gpt":0.23850565410688265,"score_spread":0.21758837018733326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079308708","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968057,0.0018026251,0.0004476049,0.0000069564435,0.00007104958,0.00008746476,9.597572e-7,0.00011732999,0.00066026155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995555,0.000043481275,0.00035668636,0.0000039010642,0.000011588082,0.0000068374484,8.020538e-8,0.0000130977205,0.000008826805],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993238,0.0000054376046,0.00014351861,0.00017340682,0.00013854486,0.00021529384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997878,0.000019348581,0.000013233716,0.00009186602,0.000005279877,0.00008246599],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015805915,0.000119105294,0.00013513592,0.00022141427,0.0000407017,0.000019737197,0.0001037597,0.000027347154,0.000003908693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000070141064,0.00010533033,0.000012900476,0.00020023414,0.00006795409,0.00010996714,0.00003273938,0.00009495929,1.4110338e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032217744,0.00020498574,0.017013615,0.00008903292,0.000017357623,0.00003826878,0.007736504,0.0053880233,0.9632075,0.00031425143,0.0000065228696,0.0059517487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020937294,0.00013384559,0.026233692,0.000118097676,0.0000033676463,0.0000055378546,0.00028123712,0.013352226,0.9595205,0.0000058240066,0.0000036391868,0.000132642],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029563764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017241983,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009220077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016013895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005706113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4295246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080093557","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2013.12.060","title":"A study of cold metal transfer clads in nickel-base INCONEL 718 superalloy","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design (1980-2015)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Red River College","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Inconel; Superalloy; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Factorial experiment; Base metal; Cladding (metalworking); Alloy; Composite material; Computer science","score_opus":0.02366505565019571,"score_gpt":0.2478823634172598,"score_spread":0.22421730776706408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080093557","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918171,0.00017111155,0.006221951,0.00004094134,0.0003771077,0.0008350558,0.000035139074,0.00038896842,0.0001126007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976876,0.00005868072,0.0017735098,0.00002514449,0.00011707883,0.0001757021,0.000010317656,0.000084023006,0.00006794087],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980266,0.00033120054,0.0006696863,0.00030472266,0.00025738575,0.0004104244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992756,0.00012370698,0.000037552643,0.00042396336,0.000046149806,0.000092988805],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00083658216,0.0003324239,0.00068865943,0.00020688209,0.000045076384,0.00007291277,0.00035001466,0.00020404001,0.00013174959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034191962,0.0002911912,0.000063597734,0.00020248836,0.00005278372,0.00014227121,0.000053261483,0.000138821,0.00002846387],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008232609,0.00038237392,0.0009886854,0.00021740796,0.00007849448,0.000035777754,0.00082341855,0.0048369123,0.99049425,0.0005127193,0.0014295067,0.000118154516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013154264,0.0005934343,0.0019960369,0.00010969713,0.000072731986,0.0000057075504,0.00018418574,0.00016137182,0.9942969,0.00015972635,0.0007186665,0.00038610338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000843763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013852352,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005870478,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005562616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024971736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995404},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080239573","doi":"10.1115/detc2010-28664","title":"A Method to Improve Efficiency in Welding Simulations for Simulation Driven Design","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Benchmark (surveying); Residual stress; Block (permutation group theory); Computation; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Algorithm; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.023210350445827727,"score_gpt":0.3243094369555349,"score_spread":0.3010990865097072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080239573","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05914854,0.0000039678425,0.93932617,0.000057712943,0.00010498577,0.00057157915,0.000005297741,0.00034118228,0.00044059774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5874453,3.550878e-7,0.41243327,0.0000112440175,0.00003625853,0.000031983658,0.0000012353513,0.000011957224,0.000028372735],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994907,0.000010121889,0.00014700656,0.00012609325,0.000056785546,0.0001693419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932367,0.00048157337,0.000011005398,0.00011043961,0.000029531102,0.00004376618],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016959627,0.000083060935,0.00009196189,0.00012955556,0.000044469885,0.00002921983,0.000090146976,0.00008169996,0.000035255114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000939835,0.00007425182,0.000027092734,0.00017919102,0.0000044688372,0.00006353961,0.000017216074,0.000098839264,0.0000028379475],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031923798,0.000008671976,0.00005997968,0.000011148556,0.0000022103588,1.8888184e-7,0.000062533254,0.913062,0.08180508,0.00027561912,0.0000958634,0.0046135187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000108010296,0.00003348403,0.00015927397,0.00000850585,0.0000033010876,1.5474944e-7,0.0000063526395,0.8369995,0.16022152,0.0009387571,0.0014241558,0.00009699802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023587401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052565938,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52829677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020983296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000068957893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3027901},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083617171","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.08.025","title":"Weld line transverse energy density distribution measurement in laser transmission welding of thermoplastics","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Optics; Laser beam welding; Beam parameter product; Welding; Laser power scaling; Beam (structure); Laser beam quality; Optoelectronics; Laser beams; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.01064722318854097,"score_gpt":0.21627615149217283,"score_spread":0.20562892830363186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083617171","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8787932,0.00085061527,0.11956802,0.00046031186,0.00012917828,0.000041945495,0.0000052163596,0.00012712473,0.000024416055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99575657,0.00065767445,0.003510089,0.000006986063,0.000052593612,0.0000010844276,0.0000018798016,0.0000121354715,9.816648e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989172,0.000022940865,0.00058633863,0.000081641345,0.0002153711,0.00017648109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950963,0.000010671126,0.0002035303,0.00008244969,0.00016221491,0.00003148765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037338605,0.00013313287,0.00035453506,0.00023677592,0.00003255248,0.000017477421,0.00018137136,0.00024731242,0.000010569208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046591933,0.0001067454,0.000040828094,0.00024168985,0.000039837145,0.00009721323,0.000009364342,0.0001641698,1.439291e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001256197,0.00010196846,0.000030508934,0.00018512968,0.00001906583,0.00004006158,0.00004428979,0.0043380396,0.9520948,0.00012278979,0.00014636414,0.042751342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003538125,0.0002265872,0.00021321305,0.0008294777,0.000028466617,0.00006032639,0.000024270374,0.00018223155,0.993202,0.004284781,0.0004926336,0.0001022322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000478166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003663959,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11696341,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008719484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034446304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4352951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083923816","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.05.010","title":"Effect of welding speed on butt joint quality of Ti–6Al–4V alloy welded using a high-power Nd:YAG laser","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":203,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Microstructure; Martensite; Alloy; Acicular; Ultimate tensile strength; Composite material; Ductility (Earth science); Laser beam welding; Metallurgy; Butt joint; Heat-affected zone; Creep","score_opus":0.01130964764866421,"score_gpt":0.24912719198625558,"score_spread":0.23781754433759136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083923816","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968881,0.00012781829,0.0022098394,0.000018420254,0.00012085975,0.00012506072,0.000007312811,0.00011723443,0.00038538245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99357957,0.00009033992,0.006270033,0.000005662345,0.000024934854,0.0000013467806,0.0000016599167,0.000022242399,0.000004211881],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991405,0.000018973653,0.00033582203,0.00013754367,0.0001403708,0.00022676507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957275,0.00013396054,0.000046350764,0.0001697598,0.00001718369,0.000059996637],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003479851,0.00017678172,0.00034055227,0.00016254558,0.000019045776,0.00001588211,0.00008071987,0.00009528457,0.000007499055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008792886,0.00016312915,0.000058597674,0.00018013496,0.000020213618,0.000061610706,0.000022856882,0.0001619262,2.5943197e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031487805,0.000029465395,0.00037686824,0.0002822213,0.000023084332,0.000008852703,0.00006928824,0.8214914,0.17633277,0.0009457001,0.0000115918065,0.0003972654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006347116,0.0004573514,0.0047076866,0.000523597,0.000019271376,0.0000031764362,0.000023737879,0.104186215,0.8890898,0.00006585558,0.000033458786,0.00025512115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048870428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002018386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7173052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003081302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003855911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6652214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084136472","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2009.09.051","title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded DP600 steel joints","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Engineering A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Fatigue limit; Composite material; Microstructure; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Hardening (computing); Ductility (Earth science); Stress concentration; Fracture mechanics","score_opus":0.0086384102698168,"score_gpt":0.19009411999176232,"score_spread":0.18145570972194552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084136472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992538,0.00021138559,0.000075368145,0.000054889544,0.0001344903,0.000067705965,0.0000055750365,0.000161395,0.000035358207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99803597,0.00013332059,0.0017674327,0.0000144958985,0.000031888325,0.0000026364892,3.3107335e-7,0.0000073370798,0.00000659047],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945885,0.0000029048572,0.00012587575,0.00011995207,0.000117139345,0.00017527195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998124,0.000004074234,0.00001246138,0.000090710586,0.000026891077,0.000053429674],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001689732,0.00009844821,0.00014542571,0.00006979766,0.000043756027,0.00007974974,0.00009630046,0.000048450584,0.000006390109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033758806,0.000074083524,0.0000077136565,0.00010975415,0.00007057661,0.00011457767,0.000036007856,0.000041770938,4.3334114e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029785942,0.0000023439845,0.0000034382097,0.00009095613,0.000001902888,0.0000011047333,0.000055228724,0.0007363123,0.9986742,0.00009948102,0.000050809984,0.0002812256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006437497,0.000038202,0.0023687286,0.000114533745,0.0000037791735,0.00001643311,0.000010899239,0.000655587,0.99638516,0.000077830795,0.00016497444,0.00009949749],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008160689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.0925687e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023652904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010679254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007771547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30210385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084537242","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2010.07.001","title":"Residual stress distributions in ship hull specimens","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Structures","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Defence Research and Development Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Hull; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Structural engineering; Residual; Composite material; Stress (linguistics); Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.005522461611290349,"score_gpt":0.21958959284564486,"score_spread":0.2140671312343545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084537242","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801977,0.000041301064,0.0001146054,0.00014840625,0.00045709495,0.00012645565,0.0001342957,0.00049191306,0.018288199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99611396,0.00003069382,0.0032296649,0.0000086144055,0.0003521852,0.000012921375,0.00010444974,0.000026158808,0.00012136471],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991992,0.000011496147,0.00018998487,0.00016926101,0.00012919122,0.0003008782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995641,0.0000424361,0.000018971601,0.0002850904,0.000018861194,0.0000705429],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005304451,0.00017157775,0.00015390864,0.00010083115,0.000059744023,0.000055711185,0.00023438834,0.00013409287,0.00080050214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048205366,0.00014962122,0.000037135516,0.00016658504,0.00006241035,0.00005660018,0.00012890944,0.00051765755,0.0000061197584],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000988723,0.00020864363,0.55142385,0.0006329588,0.00021279491,0.00046777845,0.0005634867,0.023043906,0.12034812,0.16084109,0.087470144,0.054688342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026981262,0.000026703718,0.755347,0.000018770497,0.000011252589,0.000020824891,0.00002431152,0.00017282809,0.19280991,0.03167784,0.019260773,0.0003599641],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034064052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033019667,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20392315,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025224876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000099121335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8764937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086764354","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2002-31375","title":"Examination of Welding Nozzle Jet Flow at Cold Flow Conditions","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Turbulence; Nozzle; Welding; Gas metal arc welding; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Jet (fluid); Flow visualization; Turbulence kinetic energy; Shielding gas; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanical engineering; Arc welding; Physics; Engineering; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.016638301166884712,"score_gpt":0.2150041228305542,"score_spread":0.19836582166366948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086764354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86164975,0.00028637273,0.020661278,0.00013423995,0.00017302639,0.00015413878,0.00003208039,0.0009386732,0.115970425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897569,0.00009691082,0.009277857,0.000010963164,0.000029339122,0.000008902957,0.0000044728417,0.0000103954,0.0008042892],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996451,0.0000069042876,0.000106655185,0.00006236139,0.00007744843,0.00010151236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980867,0.000035963534,0.000011379424,0.00009508654,0.000019446585,0.000029433004],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000041777912,0.000060449252,0.000071179464,0.00005320593,0.00004919043,0.000009744095,0.000055757835,0.000042737665,0.0017207264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011381568,0.00005416929,0.000027054193,0.00010574533,0.000018147428,0.000074836746,0.000017672333,0.000036592708,0.000028636783],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004670409,0.00025573038,0.0042689624,0.00042154526,0.00014071651,0.00003848847,0.0010735431,0.4319313,0.2657986,0.013126449,0.26245505,0.020484973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015000696,0.00003189868,0.0035432663,0.000035755653,0.0000094533125,0.0000073254864,0.000026978498,0.22004685,0.76954484,0.000108254986,0.0063630245,0.00013232068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008295091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001477435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5037463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029302342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.2402995e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991918},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087500530","doi":"10.1179/1362171814y.0000000234","title":"Surface residual stresses in multipass welds produced using low transformation temperature filler alloys","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Neutron diffraction; Compression (physics); Fusion welding; Plasticity; Diffraction; Metallurgy; Optics","score_opus":0.009404704985201955,"score_gpt":0.2359174749984043,"score_spread":0.22651277001320233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2087500530","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99769413,0.00022237274,0.00055054476,0.0005852534,0.0000958233,0.00012228174,0.000001468322,0.00035588467,0.00037225985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99008745,0.00008228218,0.009784456,0.000011060458,0.000017626666,0.0000033042345,5.070885e-7,0.000010749139,0.0000025712357],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989847,0.000013469535,0.00024313731,0.0002320263,0.00020582987,0.00032081653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996162,0.000039262413,0.000044847464,0.00017522798,0.00008764861,0.000036794343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006585917,0.00012550988,0.0001829461,0.00045859013,0.00018139363,0.000043782304,0.00023432329,0.00015857661,0.0000034709715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021799946,0.0001134436,0.00001329024,0.0011388137,0.00036952712,0.00039142402,0.000053472366,0.00023950067,3.6927167e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005884367,0.00001904741,0.015949719,0.00013067367,0.0000068222193,0.0000027336002,0.0006319303,0.040599298,0.93179715,0.001341211,0.00004716204,0.009468373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022378605,0.00005238724,0.0020816277,0.00031818298,0.000004621297,0.000013557987,0.00057878194,0.015185823,0.9808408,0.00042956843,0.00010989949,0.00016094786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003382223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015796093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04904367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032413023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003314919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4626096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087658132","doi":"10.2351/1.1536646","title":"Automatic detection of lack of fusion defects in CO2 laser gear welding","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Automotive industry; Laser; Fusion; Mechanical engineering; Robot welding; Fusion welding; Automotive engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.016368651664650676,"score_gpt":0.2633522844653401,"score_spread":0.2469836328006894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2087658132","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.985032,0.0002255569,0.013718555,0.00001681612,0.00003695419,0.00013311478,0.0000029620596,0.000031229894,0.00080276135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957444,0.00022980633,0.0039654374,0.0000039088172,0.000022670214,0.000012736944,4.6950825e-7,0.000011942213,0.000008645907],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999328,0.00002312204,0.00039585022,0.000046576602,0.00012253158,0.00008387591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999532,0.000077257915,0.00017005434,0.00011405368,0.000071945535,0.0000347303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020167777,0.00006541941,0.0001698196,0.00016892007,0.000021449554,0.00000566323,0.0000878197,0.00006225899,0.00003069346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034558656,0.00005751503,0.00006211043,0.00029123682,0.00001875452,0.000065075685,0.000008929872,0.00013287387,0.000001888623],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034291847,0.00062506617,0.0128854895,0.0014483405,0.00017369786,0.000013421819,0.00056130794,0.34436065,0.6234867,0.0009626326,0.0021262974,0.013322094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025007426,0.00005682548,0.0047893696,0.00014895278,0.000028681041,0.000018852046,0.00006047467,0.001298814,0.98941284,0.0011047536,0.0027614722,0.00006889339],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010569502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021677148,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36592612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038147624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015799746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23453948},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088892733","doi":"10.2351/1.3554266","title":"Tolerances of joint gaps in Nd:YAG laser welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy with the addition of filler wire","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Joint (building); Ultimate tensile strength; Alloy; Composite material; Microstructure; Porosity; Metallurgy; Butt joint; Laser beam welding; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.016284788756359834,"score_gpt":0.21621916446107678,"score_spread":0.19993437570471695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2088892733","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98410714,0.0004773925,0.007884069,0.0006165412,0.00004839815,0.00039719985,0.0000666462,0.00005253548,0.006350055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99577224,0.00026834558,0.0037836132,0.00001622362,0.000052830743,0.000045243276,0.0000033641136,0.0000126158875,0.000045546123],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993585,0.00001583197,0.00033742533,0.00005585389,0.0001437636,0.00008862867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945664,0.00004262566,0.00020026501,0.0001614259,0.00010671205,0.000032299013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001297353,0.00007981677,0.00017571222,0.000083999344,0.000026987489,0.0000062381264,0.00016565224,0.000047508667,0.00015695882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005426938,0.000048797177,0.000057829166,0.00019254947,0.000058282745,0.00009238182,0.00001314755,0.00015348614,0.0000018365005],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000899909,0.0035589947,0.025814405,0.002353344,0.0016466762,0.00008164849,0.010683833,0.3101198,0.13929269,0.006003689,0.47248036,0.027064636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007754842,0.00030720432,0.040521465,0.0005922298,0.000101715894,0.000046995978,0.00074014784,0.00046154956,0.92105144,0.0017561385,0.03340253,0.00024311604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032779277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009126409,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7817587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016168084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018497414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19898911},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089412845","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2013.09.002","title":"Material properties characterization of low carbon steel using TBW and PWHT techniques in smooth-contoured and U-shaped geometries","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Charpy impact test; Welding; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Toughness; Carbon steel; Composite material; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Tensile testing; Corrosion","score_opus":0.010688350797959373,"score_gpt":0.21583496180037764,"score_spread":0.20514661100241827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089412845","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977026,0.0013468515,0.00049352495,0.000098108576,0.00017902952,0.000113448485,0.000010835913,0.000023016757,0.000032562133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99734443,0.001683341,0.00077725266,0.0000096331105,0.00016032538,0.0000035558971,0.0000015325637,0.000012541613,0.000007358967],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934924,0.000018768942,0.00032639637,0.00007265708,0.0001467587,0.00008615285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999608,0.00002539343,0.00014641872,0.000035131634,0.00015370025,0.00003137259],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013421911,0.00009862315,0.0001993147,0.00024123458,0.000018682971,0.00012190874,0.000088916764,0.00007238463,0.000009401253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032172786,0.00007839611,0.000015856605,0.000050950424,0.00004859879,0.00035070753,0.000049481372,0.000094661016,1.5867741e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003541529,0.000011203724,0.004531859,0.00024065582,0.000068947316,0.000005022628,0.00039313405,0.00010289862,0.99009883,0.000018044322,0.0000047049116,0.004489252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041180095,0.00008388295,0.05352348,0.001973862,0.000037827027,0.000078927704,0.00009228856,0.009243823,0.93351865,0.00029133278,0.00054728874,0.00019681094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012156306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004092735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.056580186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011600587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009879642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31969005},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089682066","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.03.021","title":"Effect of material properties and mechanical tensioning load on residual stress formation in GTA 304-A36 dissimilar weld","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Residual stress; Austenite; Finite element method; Austenitic stainless steel; Composite material; Metallurgy; Stress (linguistics); Carbon steel; Structural engineering; Microstructure; Corrosion; Engineering","score_opus":0.018997735306118573,"score_gpt":0.2455468972690706,"score_spread":0.22654916196295205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089682066","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99827033,0.00068997924,0.00013500368,0.00029353768,0.00029023792,0.00013578842,0.000008439329,0.0001490772,0.000027608341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980943,0.00016909147,0.0015917562,0.0000054162783,0.000102299215,0.000008110713,0.0000014967276,0.000025364834,0.000002131252],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872714,0.0000754106,0.00063342083,0.00010777696,0.000251469,0.0002047817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993891,0.000030236235,0.00028051782,0.00011724523,0.0001360532,0.000046822937],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077484024,0.00017619372,0.0005003024,0.0002838036,0.000037284768,0.00006579147,0.00020735123,0.00028957546,0.0000044802464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034717526,0.00011897917,0.000020869484,0.00014791767,0.000083001614,0.00024547213,0.0000911406,0.00020705124,4.9856146e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010835672,0.000047884507,0.0000977911,0.0013988654,0.000021203348,0.00008170581,0.00020027171,0.0010691277,0.98623854,0.000060700797,0.00042416214,0.009276179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006564893,0.0010952818,0.000032296168,0.0019764786,0.000024767713,0.00021530247,0.000107144035,0.00017488944,0.9947139,0.00081712205,0.00006621224,0.000120116114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008154657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003528748,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009156062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008247335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036435104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.485183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091248512","doi":"10.1007/s11340-008-9132-6","title":"Identification of Heterogeneous Constitutive Parameters in a Welded Specimen: Uniform Stress and Virtual Fields Methods for Material Property Estimation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Natural Resources; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Necking; Welding; Materials science; Solid mechanics; Strain hardening exponent; Stress (linguistics); Hardening (computing); Flow stress; Stress–strain curve; Work hardening; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Composite material; Strain rate; Deformation (meteorology); Microstructure; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.023838123558414647,"score_gpt":0.2978972737141902,"score_spread":0.2740591501557756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091248512","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75487065,0.00016081386,0.24404444,0.0000069795365,0.00027912218,0.00047665968,0.00004098632,0.000082848404,0.0000374679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9402674,0.00007443294,0.059503768,0.0000049757186,0.000013482107,0.000097058524,0.000017349385,0.000012965317,0.0000085887905],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994265,0.000022447608,0.000248409,0.00012760799,0.00006182358,0.00011323313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977976,0.00003406399,0.00004723922,0.00009644762,0.000014975858,0.000027494809],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008642844,0.0001070426,0.00015291432,0.00005850992,0.0000432529,0.000014443711,0.000069391026,0.0000871309,0.000007732606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017807297,0.00008808865,0.0000269617,0.000051476774,0.000037207818,0.000085218104,0.000030932057,0.000045398134,3.1190928e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018642636,0.00017012421,0.0000100041725,0.00016156372,0.000060182298,0.0000097641505,0.0019216052,0.052927427,0.93457824,0.003542785,0.00009250774,0.0063393437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023815653,0.00018430964,0.0000038229705,0.00003918951,0.000004798585,0.000013830767,0.00018061016,0.09452615,0.90426856,0.00041733438,0.000022038472,0.0001011943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031845088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003965504,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1853967,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005226182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008649656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35921508},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093839360","doi":"10.1364/ltst.2012.mth5b.4","title":"Solutions to two types of weld porosity associated with laser beam welding of coated automotive part","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Automotive industry; Laser beam welding; Coating; Porosity; Electric resistance welding; Corrosion; Laser beams; Laser; Composite material; Metallurgy; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.008853746716965344,"score_gpt":0.22886564743176951,"score_spread":0.22001190071480417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093839360","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953987,0.0005709585,0.00038309593,0.00010925264,0.00013403976,0.00012962702,0.00006159565,0.000107726264,0.003104982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986635,0.00023703431,0.00092900096,0.00003144504,0.000026581223,0.000011419068,0.000027029853,0.00002075518,0.000053270192],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991689,0.000011475894,0.00021930973,0.0001113007,0.0001987819,0.00029023332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945015,0.000086692424,0.00009883279,0.000084601226,0.00020853165,0.00007121827],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023006902,0.00012273375,0.00018205875,0.0000872073,0.000052621406,0.000015812468,0.00014043692,0.00006567515,0.000029356916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000100373865,0.00011014846,0.00003868918,0.00015382444,0.0000408956,0.00009108443,0.00006744332,0.0001500064,8.093122e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006227768,0.002026331,0.07183604,0.0004605202,0.0048413114,0.000012265484,0.006174326,0.6342289,0.22610714,0.03129532,0.020447731,0.0019473659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036269188,0.00018763848,0.001954378,0.0002616247,0.000056222612,0.0000053193717,0.00005537926,0.004942691,0.9872168,0.00027239358,0.0044703158,0.000214551],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011905271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000072042414,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76110965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000949024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027134485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44917238},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093995278","doi":"10.1154/1.2951776","title":"S154 <i>Invited</i> —Improved Sensitivity From Multiple Images in Residual Stress Measurement By ESPI Hole-Drilling","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Diffraction","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Sensitivity (control systems); Content (measure theory); Residual; Materials science; Residual stress; Drilling; Computer science; Composite material; Engineering; Metallurgy; Electronic engineering; Mathematics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.0183520676542214,"score_gpt":0.20790244488392554,"score_spread":0.18955037722970414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093995278","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875989,0.0008542007,0.009527216,0.00028445013,0.00034041548,0.00026104244,0.00014835504,0.0007348471,0.0002505876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975541,0.00065943744,0.0013093227,0.000073192095,0.000206242,0.000030969786,0.00008684423,0.00005193936,0.00002794596],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986408,0.00007467622,0.00028175404,0.00031462146,0.0003488993,0.0003392887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994136,0.00013305484,0.00006408876,0.0002459306,0.000063259235,0.00008006789],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018107222,0.00024348563,0.00023882872,0.000104498686,0.00012788478,0.000047120095,0.000081862454,0.00017332006,0.0000152510775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009147765,0.00024427305,0.00005665309,0.0001489249,0.000040581832,0.00029582006,0.000036240555,0.0003733918,0.00000979586],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004963865,0.00019023825,0.02162457,0.00005987084,0.000055744036,0.000057450427,0.00023096932,0.018204285,0.9318156,5.1624323e-7,0.024339251,0.0033718408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006395096,0.000029596951,0.05812204,0.00014253007,0.00002125807,0.0000073801193,0.00007677177,0.013421556,0.9217121,0.00003064758,0.0053853993,0.00041121102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035607726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00086378306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036497466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019492718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010279026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99611664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094035378","doi":"10.1007/s11340-010-9408-5","title":"Incremental Computation Technique for Residual Stress Calculations Using the Integral Method","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Solid mechanics; Hole drilling method; Residual; Deformation (meteorology); Computation; Materials science; Deep hole drilling; Matrix (chemical analysis); Structural engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Algorithm; Drilling; Engineering; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.027958125174296748,"score_gpt":0.341223996473386,"score_spread":0.3132658712990893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094035378","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09197839,0.00010708174,0.9058585,0.00004135733,0.0005662327,0.0008230516,0.000066996945,0.00036102705,0.00019735507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.70087636,0.0000022923382,0.29872486,0.00001697285,0.00013981393,0.0001727562,0.000027273532,0.00003380963,0.000005892627],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927443,0.000028160153,0.00020226289,0.0001536887,0.00014121621,0.00020021215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996505,0.000075243785,0.000038063044,0.00015873906,0.00003248048,0.00004496745],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019984985,0.00015860301,0.00011956981,0.000054731227,0.00023014638,0.00005770301,0.00018129563,0.00012492712,0.000033850385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016455006,0.0001236428,0.000066740424,0.000094937466,0.000021383737,0.00007434809,0.000069332906,0.00024310332,9.658836e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073724127,0.000034151337,0.0000042362285,0.000014120606,0.00002085228,8.449517e-7,0.00017805207,0.0069931196,0.98261833,0.009061627,0.00063093315,0.00043633592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001291216,0.000049908846,0.0000040432888,0.000020709298,0.000012400756,0.00001681771,0.00050080975,0.1267424,0.8701566,0.001835589,0.00038797606,0.00014366541],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010163027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000419635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6088979,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000072663854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013129427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5042007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096930067","doi":"10.1115/1.2400281","title":"Residual Stress Solution Extrapolation for the Slitting Method Using Equilibrium Constraints","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Extrapolation; Residual stress; Legendre polynomials; Residual; Materials science; Series (stratigraphy); Stress (linguistics); Moment (physics); Range (aeronautics); Mechanics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Composite material; Geology; Physics; Classical mechanics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.012242424953104463,"score_gpt":0.249621500309174,"score_spread":0.23737907535606953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2096930067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63036144,0.0012148047,0.36753422,0.00017699243,0.0004193293,0.00011158618,0.000019988853,0.00015179873,0.000009835434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91749775,0.00006949232,0.08203493,0.0000015336358,0.00036491916,0.0000047084404,0.0000017398098,0.000022237435,0.0000026652829],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992912,0.000009537597,0.00037024313,0.00007004354,0.000070395894,0.0001885823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995839,0.00012670492,0.00011993252,0.00008020641,0.00007193148,0.000017327608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003523895,0.000114675604,0.00020637173,0.00018810616,0.000054813274,0.000054884455,0.00010995976,0.0001534739,0.000006051875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000064272295,0.000084615844,0.0000296905,0.0001068179,0.0000460558,0.00008823227,0.000027620752,0.00011330316,6.484047e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051169977,0.000005106547,0.000062138184,0.000105296305,0.000034686866,0.000003601408,0.000007111451,0.05742119,0.9391062,0.001550988,0.000118758166,0.0015797913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025740368,0.00006174596,0.00044875086,0.00016683881,0.000059754977,0.00020084792,0.00002733894,0.02847635,0.9679981,0.0015808789,0.0005918609,0.00013014692],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013486299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.6371487e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28713635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027280568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009745554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3450534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098230288","doi":"10.5897/jmer.9000016","title":"Effects of eccentricity and arc rotational speed on weld bead geometry in pulsed GMA welding of 5083 aluminum alloy","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mechanical Engineering Research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Rotational speed; Materials science; Arc (geometry); Welding; Eccentricity (behavior); Rotation (mathematics); Reversing; Butt joint; Factorial experiment; Mechanics; Composite material; Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Geometry; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.03327730671211484,"score_gpt":0.2722195807637496,"score_spread":0.23894227405163473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2098230288","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99532145,0.00022332226,0.003507709,0.000016189242,0.00010305108,0.00032480725,0.0000069386256,0.0001555424,0.00034097568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967829,0.00014346467,0.0029693143,0.0000017297198,0.000037282385,0.000018888513,0.0000023304178,0.000034913613,0.000009167338],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852663,0.000042949447,0.00031542225,0.00021236377,0.0004843406,0.00041829975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988377,0.00077890645,0.000024924062,0.00017526631,0.000069022884,0.00011418112],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067160313,0.00015312189,0.00029518933,0.000576872,0.000025772137,0.000010622265,0.00023727547,0.0001670787,0.000031924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006269679,0.00014690998,0.000052022533,0.00061354076,0.00004220719,0.000056373698,0.00012119349,0.00052894285,0.000002352561],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036847027,0.0007136353,0.0020083839,0.0074032005,0.00023030333,0.00026054363,0.0005645996,0.20055704,0.75447696,0.02518569,0.0003813797,0.007849793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042401592,0.00023372547,0.007044787,0.0004777083,0.000006137028,0.0000029251385,0.000020852307,0.06386538,0.9274323,0.00031296234,0.000036903497,0.00014230264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016514983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000039271363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17295533,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008539813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013248137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5990815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105474751","doi":"10.3139/146.101657","title":"The L2 norm of the deviation between the measured and computed transient displacement field in a test weld","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Materials Research (formerly Zeitschrift fuer Metallkunde)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Mechanics; Weld pool; Inert gas; Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Arc welding; Composite material; Gas tungsten arc welding; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.041798819449879364,"score_gpt":0.31272664267070505,"score_spread":0.2709278232208257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2105474751","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99293685,0.0007170204,0.00090614887,0.003985458,0.0005302656,0.00031351185,0.000026627788,0.000013071345,0.0005710376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99779946,0.001708826,0.0001860205,0.000023654426,0.00022021955,0.000012444032,0.0000024868466,0.000014239029,0.00003267515],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975416,0.00022151017,0.00069594814,0.00009165105,0.0012079253,0.00024136025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980583,0.0010802142,0.00017611892,0.00016704793,0.00046578437,0.000052501644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023174463,0.00012418092,0.00022790112,0.00016403927,0.00020467008,0.00012468235,0.0008268211,0.00007449671,0.0000312744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045428728,0.00005917071,0.000085483014,0.00019383745,0.00018415309,0.00017887464,0.00011973267,0.00038749285,0.000001452391],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002362619,0.0010396692,0.08016169,0.00079406815,0.0050316886,0.00023167199,0.010346949,0.0147070335,0.7863053,0.009524467,0.03032814,0.059166703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011751401,0.00052488904,0.29176876,0.0005079169,0.00004483949,0.00015997392,0.0002486643,0.0002981405,0.67613566,0.0006098752,0.028329901,0.00019624304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019447082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010020304,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21160708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003759716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000081175815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24129115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106556572","doi":"10.1109/esw.2013.6509002","title":"Clothing in arc flash: Four types of arc exposure and the effect of moisture on garment appearance after an arc event","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kinectrics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Arc (geometry); Clothing; Moisture; Event (particle physics); Flash (photography); Environmental science; Materials science; Engineering; Composite material; Optics; Mechanical engineering; History; Physics","score_opus":0.004033522436302096,"score_gpt":0.20418020393428105,"score_spread":0.20014668149797896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106556572","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969833,0.0008111467,0.00033889012,0.0000986755,0.00003656373,0.00035974846,0.0000014884005,0.000056664856,0.0013135235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991369,0.0001442668,0.0005311017,0.00001858457,0.000024344568,0.000066577835,4.5860975e-7,0.000013459682,0.000064293585],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994495,0.000051622577,0.00016474289,0.00009823858,0.00011718508,0.00011874614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996962,0.00007234056,0.000026309603,0.00016774259,0.000012065593,0.000025346872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018627736,0.0001089459,0.00019154976,0.00004132376,0.000011870442,0.000012518187,0.0000948986,0.0000562755,0.000029530716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014496166,0.00005921627,0.00003637672,0.00005115455,0.000044225933,0.00004294523,0.000029528786,0.00012578747,0.000002144505],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003614812,0.00059241353,0.31745592,0.012182412,0.00081692834,0.0000794635,0.014359321,0.3408721,0.11151196,0.0044990857,0.0075514438,0.18646413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030586945,0.0018110052,0.3200064,0.0021380538,0.000050170256,0.000009742808,0.00016809917,0.011933544,0.65747315,0.0021106363,0.0007478683,0.00049262826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002504623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007563456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5459612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011472667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000019923598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24147692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109374838","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.996.221","title":"External Reference Samples for Residual Stress Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Diffraction; Residual stress; Calibration; Residual; Materials science; X-ray; X-ray crystallography; Sample (material); Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Optics; Statistics; Metallurgy; Algorithm","score_opus":0.04839942934212998,"score_gpt":0.3554136961147877,"score_spread":0.3070142667726577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2109374838","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94198304,0.00032324222,0.055304468,0.000076776254,0.0001850779,0.0004105215,0.0005887089,0.00042436802,0.0007038065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850073,0.00077800086,0.013087944,0.000006543581,0.00020698333,0.00025224767,0.00021250044,0.000041031806,0.00040744318],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841946,0.00013242685,0.0002712149,0.00029998887,0.00037245947,0.00050446443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989127,0.00045885658,0.000039756378,0.0003458904,0.0001519862,0.00009083276],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069035956,0.00015446809,0.00029080483,0.00022349696,0.00018549625,0.00016652574,0.0003074407,0.000120907134,0.00020947975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023043575,0.00013490653,0.00004430831,0.00027782316,0.00006455965,0.00014201694,0.00007127535,0.00016261269,0.000013138456],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000952174,0.000027256796,0.00010528746,0.00017780514,0.00008185739,8.5125464e-7,0.000020399568,0.009454709,0.9790314,0.0004892764,0.004241967,0.0062739914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022971813,0.0001245325,0.0033093842,0.000067230154,0.00003633718,4.5000408e-7,0.000029953677,0.00032293453,0.963254,0.0023995135,0.030029308,0.00019665343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024153227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007028413,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043024275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063924046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008162883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5501329},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116890984","doi":"10.1007/s11661-013-2106-z","title":"Global and Local Mechanical Properties of Autogenously Laser Welded Ti-6Al-4V","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Concordia University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Composite material; Porosity; Ultimate tensile strength; Laser beam welding; Heat-affected zone; Laser power scaling; Joint (building); Microstructure; Butt joint; Laser; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.010648361735226078,"score_gpt":0.18913522142486314,"score_spread":0.17848685968963707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116890984","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88327074,0.00031856264,0.11563194,0.000098911034,0.0001035485,0.00019497839,0.000029503793,0.00021425443,0.00013753427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99766856,0.0005177417,0.0016354593,0.0000098745895,0.00002032929,0.000053823886,0.0000020129205,0.000011623384,0.00008059511],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938893,0.000023594637,0.00022148133,0.0001287153,0.000081909624,0.00015536074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979293,0.00000891904,0.00001639188,0.00007750592,0.000021977768,0.00008228783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006136273,0.00012113355,0.00025134307,0.000020322794,0.000058306985,0.00007381065,0.000052753832,0.00010962681,0.0007380466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022068361,0.00008906939,0.000036387308,0.000058483638,0.00010742603,0.00010582297,0.00001106257,0.0000454411,0.000006617432],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018184262,0.00054064137,0.000010134679,0.0022426865,0.0007268656,0.000047621063,0.00025295775,0.011036469,0.9485586,0.003003124,0.00059856527,0.032800466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060060254,0.00018928597,0.00077078654,0.00013916679,0.00014945882,0.00020353463,0.0001174265,0.0040101036,0.987695,0.0018596073,0.0038803397,0.00038468887],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057346706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005961454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11439777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009360165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005099684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8081093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118717019","doi":"10.4271/2011-01-0476","title":"Weld Read-Through Defects in Laser Transmission Welding","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Queen's University","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Laser; Optoelectronics; Metallurgy; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.019588488891562294,"score_gpt":0.24005815527697816,"score_spread":0.22046966638541587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2118717019","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6736123,0.0015127711,0.000020915704,0.0010032171,0.00039641967,0.0013383988,0.000039715116,0.010250326,0.31182593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98249346,0.0027093762,0.013388163,0.00048929977,0.00012468002,0.00030766995,0.00002470946,0.00021931596,0.00024333356],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958143,0.00011939673,0.0011160795,0.001034895,0.0006869708,0.0012283609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979978,0.00030925148,0.00011456538,0.0011680495,0.000051982373,0.00035832668],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004716916,0.000907096,0.0009724677,0.00029365695,0.00025432557,0.000076570206,0.0010772151,0.0012442021,0.0012432423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022386215,0.0007722003,0.00044067297,0.000979191,0.0005106335,0.00061720423,0.0002560183,0.001756775,0.00009657491],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002663729,0.00038454623,0.00045312633,0.0002124243,0.00004416629,0.00025433186,0.0001428712,0.0002529254,0.9811852,0.0045430027,0.006268581,0.005992459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076863426,0.0009981915,0.8710581,0.0010662576,0.00007545537,0.00009076552,0.00009711575,2.370203e-7,0.017090876,0.008939658,0.09856269,0.0012520256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018369434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02947263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96409434,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028932877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041623396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99966973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121718758","doi":"10.1179/174329308x319244","title":"Analytical thermal model of conduction mode double sided arc welding","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Weld pool; Thermal conduction; Arc blow; Heat-affected zone; Plasma arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Penetration (warfare); Gas tungsten arc welding; Arc welding; Thermal; Composite material; Metallurgy; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.03856252619554313,"score_gpt":0.26777482413185494,"score_spread":0.22921229793631182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121718758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916663,0.0001641158,0.0048976084,0.0002253461,0.000053221876,0.000060352042,9.3463694e-7,0.0003356437,0.0025964654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98680824,0.000105231076,0.01304765,0.000005888687,0.000011170653,0.0000036371835,1.6046549e-7,0.00000840365,0.000009630464],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910533,0.00000330608,0.00022840888,0.0001873942,0.00021195743,0.00026360078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960303,0.000025914016,0.000054606557,0.0001704692,0.00010232749,0.000043641863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002839679,0.000096086595,0.00019293038,0.00049780624,0.00020173834,0.000009664742,0.0002222078,0.00010550137,0.0000048331312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009108415,0.0000871547,0.000024543217,0.0008093178,0.0010664281,0.0002569966,0.00009276199,0.00016508486,3.6191318e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012549717,0.000022831851,0.010636381,0.00004317185,0.000019038187,0.0000052323826,0.0003915663,0.13406089,0.83281326,0.017826071,0.00006544982,0.0041035744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018379712,0.000052533705,0.00024633144,0.000072200404,0.000008307388,0.0000341853,0.00021612312,0.1437807,0.85312974,0.0021653734,0.000011596198,0.000099116216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002413937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011133664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020316498,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022978524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046045796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3929299},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127683826","doi":"10.1115/imece2013-63628","title":"Computational Optimization of Arc Welding Parameters Using Coupled Genetic Algorithms and Finite Element Method","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Welding; Finite element method; Genetic algorithm; Arc welding; Process (computing); Distortion (music); Computer science; Algorithm; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.012124240054077907,"score_gpt":0.24551780959738392,"score_spread":0.233393569543306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2127683826","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36132246,0.00016378557,0.63804793,0.000013383796,0.000068567126,0.00021036634,0.0000046569494,0.00014172633,0.000027095146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4314405,0.00009059824,0.56838155,0.000008517261,0.000016439535,0.000017853346,0.0000074304494,0.000023989265,0.000013084729],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904984,0.000019821053,0.00031826668,0.00020609898,0.00016072363,0.00024522483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955606,0.000121107565,0.00008881053,0.00012579473,0.00004017394,0.000068068795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007120669,0.00018102607,0.00022305638,0.00016940448,0.000081156926,0.000049096583,0.00009127569,0.000053837146,0.000083717605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015099105,0.00018427383,0.000040462673,0.00009259294,0.000032462383,0.00019583922,0.000060577077,0.00011100218,0.0000015124646],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000024816545,0.000006956157,0.00015260273,0.00010776327,0.000030499,0.0000015507051,0.000051634186,0.9879388,0.0014054625,0.000002188291,0.000016597323,0.010283413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022915872,0.000024828018,0.0012008067,0.00008327321,0.00001816906,0.0000049133864,0.000031025473,0.8795566,0.11779558,0.0008081733,0.00006180918,0.0001856535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012813303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031217517,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11639012,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000061368904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000062639942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75144684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131801920","doi":"10.1109/ijcnn.1999.830798","title":"Application of radial basis function networks to model electric arc furnaces","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Radial basis function; Function (biology); Electric arc; Computer science; Arc (geometry); Electrode; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Artificial neural network; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.0067190625680457585,"score_gpt":0.20080059325851501,"score_spread":0.19408153069046927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2131801920","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.043872073,0.00026907702,0.94607,0.00001866843,0.000043521817,0.0001187886,5.1774947e-7,0.00025268976,0.009354668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931306,0.00013948086,0.0065302365,0.000024078034,0.000037612255,0.000028990642,0.000001485641,0.000012222715,0.0000952904],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996409,0.000005826709,0.00010461577,0.000075809345,0.000061573905,0.00011130637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998189,0.0000137032075,0.000012606428,0.00010014896,0.000018471408,0.000036175108],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055387365,0.00006219464,0.000074209194,0.000064205364,0.000019849664,0.000007383517,0.000050847084,0.000055852935,0.000018997662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000059882277,0.000054569122,0.000023976769,0.00022916551,0.0000034946195,0.0000313356,0.000004843618,0.000052355914,0.0000030227552],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000047806225,0.000008220664,0.00014127788,0.000010871659,0.000008564289,5.1133654e-8,0.0000072524176,0.97183704,0.008758024,0.0035081878,0.004551375,0.011164365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000058125508,0.000041456184,0.00025532584,0.0000055842233,0.0000114312215,8.53419e-7,0.000004130624,0.7790085,0.2171329,0.0010990883,0.002284252,0.00009837347],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023100476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000986404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9492585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001979598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000041230255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22252643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134367145","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.628","title":"An Experimental Comparison of Weld-Induced Residual Stresses Using Different Stainless Steel Filler Metals Commonly Used for Hydraulic Turbines Manufacturing and Repair","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Martensitic stainless steel; Metallurgy; Austenite; Martensite; Filler (materials); Indentation hardness; Base metal; Austenitic stainless steel; Composite material; Microstructure; Corrosion","score_opus":0.03340094203511546,"score_gpt":0.30617450638429633,"score_spread":0.2727735643491809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2134367145","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981853,0.00017650898,0.00020170429,0.00004483366,0.00033248274,0.00065459876,0.000056745088,0.0003247604,0.000023086204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99656737,0.000008370074,0.00323108,0.000011115914,0.000056249308,0.000076849676,0.000010164603,0.000033415025,0.000005407631],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984288,0.000035524215,0.00043878658,0.0003179488,0.0002896775,0.00048924616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993291,0.000060504466,0.00011787978,0.000320335,0.000052659467,0.00011954404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020574067,0.00025108567,0.00047517617,0.0001543845,0.00026855557,0.0002812121,0.0003473986,0.00008528014,0.00007073428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017053724,0.00019378132,0.000044452383,0.00008306752,0.00019243796,0.00056663615,0.00016521338,0.00005386342,6.9011406e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011759129,0.00006287801,0.00064417085,0.00016038935,0.000013810244,5.289378e-7,0.00027506327,0.0016120049,0.9968374,0.000049691535,0.00021203214,0.00012028941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022347418,0.00023515346,0.004157751,0.00009561208,0.000015161287,0.0000026831738,0.0014803649,0.004648598,0.9887296,0.000118472155,0.000046052442,0.00024705677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042454188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030226318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008107762,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053690554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001696208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7902173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138357923","doi":"10.1109/icma.2005.1626707","title":"Developing psycho-acoustic experiments in gas metal arc welding","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Arc (geometry); Gas metal arc welding; Materials science; Arc welding; Acoustics; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.020793515817923356,"score_gpt":0.2688557513943985,"score_spread":0.24806223557647514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138357923","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8877739,0.0006383815,0.065898865,0.00008682723,0.00026440187,0.00014088233,0.0000012196457,0.0009265012,0.044269037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743106,0.00007793041,0.025288867,0.00001979009,0.00007386131,0.00002397858,0.0000032862972,0.000024741836,0.00017697473],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932855,0.0000068701383,0.00019004417,0.00012806703,0.0000997702,0.00024669038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998352,0.000019221932,0.000011612262,0.000102233615,0.000008038641,0.000023703082],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054405416,0.00012389424,0.0001246237,0.00010671651,0.000031077998,0.000030455943,0.00010593454,0.000060167662,0.00009947946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000050190174,0.00011087884,0.000028751014,0.00016085364,0.000012292206,0.00007451621,0.000026169031,0.00008873539,0.000013893824],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003306282,0.00027257972,0.016876508,0.00059931696,0.00015480745,0.0002831882,0.0005555232,0.50406164,0.4007691,0.021186847,0.043440368,0.011767044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036570593,0.000021880314,0.0046721674,0.0001801072,0.0000083033765,0.000014230244,0.00012703131,0.0052236747,0.97745156,0.0047490625,0.006682028,0.00050421734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024552984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010881908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5766825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007688602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000060468155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4521508},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141365790","doi":"10.1007/s11340-012-9672-7","title":"Measurement of the Residual Stress Tensor in a Compact Tension Weld Specimen","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Neutron diffraction; Stress intensity factor; Composite material; Austenitic stainless steel; Welding; Diffraction; Fracture mechanics; Optics; Corrosion","score_opus":0.02734280141750478,"score_gpt":0.24772118164043422,"score_spread":0.22037838022292944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2141365790","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922018,0.004363565,0.0002121044,0.00008324669,0.0007387635,0.00039862102,0.000016629065,0.00017340669,0.001811841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994274,0.000041267824,0.00036791316,0.000016017035,0.000097023505,0.000010426729,0.0000012425238,0.000026191174,0.0000125265915],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901783,0.000033857654,0.00021800572,0.00009607369,0.00036350088,0.00027070753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996273,0.000011443671,0.0000392376,0.00024535807,0.000020760632,0.000055913577],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017628013,0.00014347813,0.00016647001,0.000049190145,0.00003851326,0.000009305053,0.00019128014,0.00007446984,0.000051220086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001532045,0.00010055287,0.000053586755,0.00012303077,0.000015062747,0.00007557239,0.00007844227,0.00014033986,0.000004558749],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029210278,0.0003540532,0.003010062,0.00006405373,0.000036678688,0.0000028442391,0.00078957283,0.0018168723,0.9871693,0.0015151753,0.0050338972,0.00017822617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020338244,0.0000479916,0.0033534565,0.00019345869,0.000005797381,0.000003827163,0.00041555756,0.0005657001,0.9944731,0.00006270055,0.000547744,0.00012731094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000974589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019581188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007303719,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000163462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007611494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41004267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146834828","doi":"10.1007/s11661-013-2170-4","title":"Hardness, Microstructure, and Residual Stresses in Low Carbon Steel Welding with Post-weld Heat Treatment and Temper Bead Welding","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Tempering; Heat-affected zone; Carbon steel; Indentation hardness; Composite material; Corrosion","score_opus":0.005399040041705852,"score_gpt":0.1898816325300095,"score_spread":0.18448259248830365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2146834828","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99708277,0.00084390584,0.0012718809,0.00013832247,0.000116894065,0.00022766496,0.000054642584,0.00016125561,0.000102645885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99671584,0.002021826,0.0010336437,0.000013411903,0.000054893095,0.000050389594,0.000013205267,0.000032040083,0.00006472374],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910223,0.00004478681,0.00023298465,0.00028595378,0.00008046947,0.00025358118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970394,0.000052245592,0.00001873314,0.00010834508,0.000016194072,0.00010055709],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009402166,0.0002509795,0.0003967525,0.000092889495,0.00012536933,0.0001951409,0.000044199594,0.00013419657,0.00005226881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000040673963,0.00018137284,0.000021864784,0.000074924836,0.000102780505,0.00011901254,0.0000110025285,0.0000955642,3.430323e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010668427,0.0005059382,0.0012580028,0.0037195373,0.00085631316,0.00020580961,0.0018894273,0.03658922,0.9405983,0.0005263148,0.000056046356,0.012728215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035183218,0.0010759077,0.021878282,0.0010888764,0.0003918184,0.0005357334,0.00044258163,0.0013912356,0.9605343,0.0003394496,0.0075482377,0.0012552713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008669019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00066173973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.035197984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021423079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006713902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.739617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150484216","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1539","title":"Influence of Heat Treatment on Fatigue Resistance of Electron Beam Welded Dissimilar Titanium Alloy Joints","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Microstructure; Joint (building); Softening; Titanium alloy; Composite material; Fatigue limit; Metallurgy; Electron beam welding; Cyclic stress; Alloy; Cathode ray; Structural engineering; Electron","score_opus":0.02879006474946351,"score_gpt":0.3314046849828744,"score_spread":0.3026146202334109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2150484216","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977818,0.00016631775,0.00010504186,0.00006377122,0.00005194156,0.00033968923,0.00004953128,0.00011639742,0.0013254732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996876,0.0013331446,0.0014504058,0.000003981699,0.00003996756,0.000076559794,0.000012038361,0.000036253798,0.00017166248],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998582,0.000102138016,0.0003368992,0.00021359068,0.0003702312,0.0003951182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991401,0.00019095758,0.000039805658,0.00043288438,0.00013118023,0.000065076034],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003573103,0.00016093883,0.00034905714,0.00013276523,0.00005870553,0.000017369483,0.00023681442,0.00008880552,0.000032307064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014110607,0.00012978027,0.000036074714,0.00018534894,0.000101099555,0.00008622538,0.000044596803,0.00010064434,0.000006079565],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015361798,0.000049077862,0.000016869451,0.00026175304,0.000018754352,0.000001910843,0.000033506727,0.050926648,0.9476047,0.00053393637,0.0002712389,0.00012799019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027087037,0.000588877,0.0010111646,0.00035040418,0.000004335686,4.3093917e-7,0.0000075310104,0.000017254873,0.99399513,0.0009548697,0.0026865462,0.00011256938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007770473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003333153,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.050909393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000112039925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018359457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52922857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151494658","doi":"10.1179/1362171811y.0000000004","title":"Prediction of welding deformations of large stiffened panels using average plastic strain method","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Fillet (mechanics); Structural engineering; Composite material; Plasticity; Fillet weld; Strain (injury); Residual stress","score_opus":0.04450832242513742,"score_gpt":0.2687696790294255,"score_spread":0.2242613566042881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151494658","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76587284,0.0000709386,0.23331617,0.000011991908,0.00006738546,0.000050177397,0.000009342291,0.00016253209,0.00043862354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9169364,0.000021093938,0.083028615,0.000001569013,0.000004721443,0.0000017952474,1.8773338e-7,0.0000051664265,4.7203585e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923044,0.000009088059,0.00027858876,0.000118552554,0.00014818736,0.00021512434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960285,0.000052440035,0.000097171855,0.00012500893,0.00009139841,0.00003109992],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006730797,0.000074533236,0.00015492336,0.00058104127,0.0001408168,0.000006772951,0.00017140177,0.00007553615,0.000009947279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022695451,0.00006955086,0.000019086889,0.000906354,0.0003262288,0.00030168492,0.00007513758,0.00009749515,9.8420884e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048332604,0.000028113169,0.025635427,0.000114091454,0.000021140702,0.0000017007002,0.0013763554,0.006572126,0.9397389,0.016849007,0.0000017209079,0.009656577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015033124,0.00009407956,0.009943292,0.00018054261,0.000014955181,0.000023950568,0.0011542756,0.027947616,0.9574229,0.0029945616,0.0000055502724,0.000067939334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017685798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.8445944e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15106353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017120288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025558997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28362018},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154823072","doi":"10.1115/1.4007072","title":"Residual Stress Measurements in an Autofrettage Tube Using Hole Drilling Method","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Autofrettage; Residual stress; Deep hole drilling; Materials science; Pressure vessel; Hole drilling method; Drilling; Strain gauge; Finite element method; Structural engineering; Cylinder; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering","score_opus":0.0449921234636149,"score_gpt":0.3191276349348045,"score_spread":0.2741355114711896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154823072","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9479125,0.014195847,0.036146242,0.00017182909,0.0007204612,0.00017850133,0.00001314188,0.00043987285,0.00022161621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91507936,0.00018307772,0.08432886,0.00001098453,0.00033114507,0.0000041760204,0.0000011878094,0.00005227863,0.000008953124],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982206,0.00011163711,0.00062701193,0.00014951949,0.00034993934,0.0005412742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991355,0.00005326635,0.00022508905,0.00031677596,0.00014375041,0.00012560275],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009454898,0.00023602654,0.00046973955,0.00085728423,0.000065092936,0.00004107388,0.0005583041,0.00046518486,0.000027390972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000111346584,0.00020960423,0.00006820269,0.00049542554,0.00006169976,0.0006067597,0.000090970316,0.00080464256,0.0000011233784],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006707762,0.00051591307,0.16231054,0.0004757127,0.00050484086,0.00011355442,0.0008818567,0.40062815,0.41855603,0.00063509564,0.002028107,0.013283135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008149489,0.0002273245,0.005304555,0.00062694674,0.00023179706,0.00025797778,0.00043616886,0.008692705,0.9713175,0.0012272295,0.010326048,0.0005367737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019387595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010480999,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5527615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077781166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031695974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8547413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157565857","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1139","title":"Laser and Hybrid Laser-MIG Welding of 6.35 and 12.7mm Thick Aluminium Aerospace Alloy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Larus Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Aluminium; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Laser; Aerospace; Gas metal arc welding; Alloy; Aluminium alloy; Electric resistance welding; Composite material; Spot welding; Optics","score_opus":0.005914120187449887,"score_gpt":0.20551858935866868,"score_spread":0.1996044691712188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157565857","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977038,0.00012637093,0.00018028422,0.00020488324,0.00030688563,0.00012727383,0.0000391076,0.00019302942,0.0011183625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970493,0.0001378923,0.0025820471,0.000023817947,0.000060242724,0.000008429561,0.000002913057,0.000017468952,0.000117927026],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989885,0.000011232472,0.00020908275,0.00022481063,0.00019901502,0.0003673591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996702,0.00002737667,0.000049955335,0.00016576557,0.000022725146,0.00006397593],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034841636,0.00014168755,0.0002010454,0.00008754469,0.00014871724,0.00016924852,0.00018496365,0.00005127614,0.000036512683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019315547,0.0001193416,0.00001577417,0.00011062599,0.00034851,0.00024907646,0.0001660217,0.00004854847,0.0000023266248],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006644669,0.00001419439,0.001860073,0.00011466656,0.0000039831807,0.000006924936,0.00003849404,0.00088513613,0.99132633,0.0004764786,0.0050296155,0.00023744912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011076292,0.000051342307,0.0021132156,0.000077428915,0.000006149331,0.000016642709,0.000045897814,0.00021406238,0.99474937,0.0006724307,0.0017906703,0.00015205778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002754223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038137056,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003422999,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017755663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013645794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48666093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157795971","doi":"10.1139/l05-099","title":"Development of an equation for aluminum alloys to determine the width of the zone affected by welding","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Heat-affected zone; Materials science; Metallurgy; Flux (metallurgy); Aluminium; Temperature gradient; Electric resistance welding; Indentation hardness; Heat flux; Composite material; Plastic welding; Filler metal; Arc welding; Microstructure; Heat transfer; Mechanics","score_opus":0.010031226985144442,"score_gpt":0.19064771588075588,"score_spread":0.18061648889561144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157795971","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79890627,0.00043017478,0.19983019,0.00009269908,0.00035693552,0.00022478001,0.000019458737,0.000025576417,0.000113892194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864173,0.0000032909725,0.013414085,0.0000065530962,0.000108547254,0.000007101998,0.0000025670886,0.000025342577,0.000015234682],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992679,0.000007913004,0.00035291642,0.00005115197,0.00012398639,0.00019617975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995466,0.000052444895,0.000090619855,0.00011729363,0.0000785051,0.0001145561],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023918852,0.00010393622,0.0001610103,0.00013020854,0.00005480918,0.000018073559,0.00026227624,0.00004881906,0.000009129218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006261389,0.00007274534,0.000058799294,0.00017620952,0.000014464393,0.00006697973,0.000008964187,0.00009814112,8.314932e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000037980676,0.000009092762,0.00013503798,0.00014439013,0.00004951763,0.000002240786,0.0004194499,0.8637891,0.12793176,0.00007331636,0.0037845497,0.0036577587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037677825,0.00012558569,0.008009057,0.00070428406,0.000052313397,0.00003384935,0.00006931229,0.03602234,0.92194194,0.00008010581,0.03229545,0.00028897962],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039586847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027261017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8277668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009756388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010204697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99048895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157880803","doi":"10.1115/ipc2000-121","title":"Multi-Pass Weld Hydrogen Management to Prevent Delayed Cracking","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Cracking; Materials science; Residual stress; Hydrogen; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Hydrogen embrittlement; Composite material; Corrosion; Chemistry","score_opus":0.009714884598459308,"score_gpt":0.23774612932653427,"score_spread":0.22803124472807496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157880803","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7867993,0.0004273964,0.041203786,0.00048388014,0.00016763249,0.00094732933,0.000010786002,0.003596687,0.1663632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93139845,0.00032793405,0.060129523,0.00014691736,0.000050126473,0.00006188047,0.0000037090408,0.000035432775,0.007846016],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937475,0.0000065091253,0.0001418072,0.00014311698,0.0001048823,0.00022891758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997047,0.0000073618644,0.0000057619536,0.0001955218,0.0000061363103,0.00008051647],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004975614,0.000119498814,0.00009284811,0.000049528313,0.0000440766,0.000030026204,0.00016443276,0.000046368223,0.0013061607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000011527205,0.00010369586,0.000042042193,0.000111588386,0.00000507805,0.00004340299,0.0000408604,0.0000618532,0.00023766776],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025161005,0.00029415326,0.00017121871,0.0002284517,0.0004175025,0.00014478301,0.00036268838,0.58499396,0.006228319,0.00037073012,0.095966704,0.31079635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004623861,0.00012904502,0.00240747,0.00021779735,0.00006934457,0.0000147616465,0.00007910098,0.030588474,0.4354947,0.00041019634,0.5291888,0.0009378909],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006407329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003780071,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55440545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038291208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000012316276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996068},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159913718","doi":"10.1115/1.3184035","title":"Dual-Axis Hole-Drilling ESPI Residual Stress Measurements","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Hole drilling method; Drilling; Stress (linguistics); Dual (grammatical number); Materials science; Residual; Deep hole drilling; Plane (geometry); Structural engineering; Optics; Computer science; Geometry; Composite material; Engineering; Mathematics; Physics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.011349651991225035,"score_gpt":0.21523771048860296,"score_spread":0.20388805849737793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2159913718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99504983,0.0018392416,0.0017075344,0.00034781586,0.0005100863,0.000069494105,0.000009524778,0.0003984576,0.000068027155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924925,0.00077382004,0.006423596,0.000008470784,0.000265784,0.0000020572334,0.0000012545431,0.000026095393,0.0000064537353],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990186,0.00000817631,0.00044630596,0.00010303239,0.00016184755,0.00026201067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995905,0.00001759241,0.00010100391,0.00013918571,0.00008776336,0.0000639642],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022402722,0.00018765035,0.0003607725,0.0004037089,0.000038661554,0.00006346528,0.00016042915,0.00021770854,0.00001626416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000071788956,0.00016032202,0.00003159472,0.00018033199,0.000025404255,0.000113098205,0.000030621373,0.00020664165,0.0000011021826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008368515,0.000021655793,0.00015295413,0.000093596536,0.000066381974,0.00007269153,0.000022202934,0.01493881,0.9815397,0.00036404992,0.00053588883,0.0021836506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029540228,0.00026199417,0.001136452,0.0003247915,0.000030630057,0.00018702768,0.000014365478,0.00014496429,0.99540603,0.0006369325,0.0013565406,0.00020488459],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000017770574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.399976e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014793846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032226304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008694936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6537742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168629632","doi":"10.1007/s00170-014-6713-7","title":"Characteristics of an autogenous single pass electron beam weld in thick gage CA6NM steel","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; École de Technologie Supérieure; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Electron beam welding; Composite material; Martensite; Penetration depth; Base metal; Indentation hardness; Martensitic stainless steel; Cathode ray; Microstructure; Electron; Optics","score_opus":0.012189092653125391,"score_gpt":0.24574732375887323,"score_spread":0.23355823110574783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2168629632","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99726284,0.00029668966,0.00084700075,0.0006791307,0.00047230133,0.00007849934,0.000007117708,0.00014809587,0.00020830787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99480164,0.00032858545,0.0046837837,0.000025450705,0.00011425079,0.0000035196351,0.0000026929895,0.000023682092,0.0000164228],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896145,0.000016466505,0.00044791092,0.000089088484,0.0002868716,0.00019822968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931276,0.00005439272,0.00025011558,0.00019573448,0.00014476564,0.000042235002],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025138026,0.00013240783,0.00024182296,0.00037049808,0.00001976633,0.000019844816,0.0008804698,0.00012979668,0.0000058111864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000096958065,0.000100237245,0.000046347,0.00008681027,0.000071747476,0.00016263292,0.0001005189,0.00051018584,0.0000011209726],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00065601314,0.0005835422,0.0010656738,0.000097136544,0.0004110342,0.0006747958,0.0010221679,0.24048513,0.6314561,0.0016880877,0.00056749524,0.12129287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000384862,0.0003555484,0.0019825273,0.000104314415,0.000010545099,0.000274899,0.00014087645,0.00013742188,0.9845387,0.009014336,0.0029466592,0.000109334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019924117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000381695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35308263,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021784051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003379455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40875563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169811599","doi":"10.1080/10426910500471425","title":"Thin Gauge Titanium Manufacturing Using Multiple-Pass Electron Beam Welding","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials and Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Titanium; Electron beam welding; Composite material; Metallurgy; Titanium alloy; Cathode ray; Ultimate tensile strength; Electron","score_opus":0.008592128999544502,"score_gpt":0.21021793939901484,"score_spread":0.20162581039947033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169811599","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954158,0.00094470073,0.00133962,0.000027246771,0.00035512072,0.00024418242,0.000041230243,0.001057474,0.00057462865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961997,0.00049876055,0.0025708582,0.000019918445,0.00047125886,0.000028662122,0.000030469238,0.00009083418,0.00008951645],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851376,0.000016324231,0.0003727694,0.0003466735,0.00018297619,0.00056748674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995661,0.00006799292,0.00008232985,0.0001889761,0.000023147495,0.000071473485],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013607393,0.00038140282,0.0003583443,0.00013001115,0.00025806672,0.0003710578,0.00018953906,0.00017251856,0.00007031922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014723549,0.00033696066,0.000036733018,0.000051954485,0.000043674936,0.00030363677,0.00010203672,0.00014632267,0.000005694873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000083705694,0.000088142195,0.0005012559,0.007277978,0.00012171467,0.00007798823,0.00017362778,0.07694729,0.9117178,0.00011243855,0.0020617724,0.00083632057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020583233,0.00002718871,0.0013888859,0.00021640921,0.000032214066,0.000041849893,0.000022209753,0.0000472647,0.9911876,0.0009456055,0.0054414873,0.00044350923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00069404143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000088742156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07946978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006856094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015967786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170720398","doi":"10.1109/plasma.2003.1229031","title":"Study on electric property of multi-constrict arc plasma","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Plasma; Cathode; Materials science; Arc (geometry); Tungsten; Plasma torch; Descendant; Welding; Property (philosophy); Metallurgy; Plasma arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.028783350926539896,"score_gpt":0.245444277624304,"score_spread":0.21666092669776413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170720398","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9307381,0.00006336675,0.0012075251,0.0000063445464,0.00006085784,0.0003527471,0.0000011062463,0.0004513616,0.06711859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973134,0.0000347365,0.0020875263,0.000004404067,0.000006863527,0.000015789481,2.2058893e-7,0.000014256674,0.0005228139],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995359,0.000017588321,0.0001290594,0.00009102799,0.000093111805,0.00013328217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997786,0.000030286958,0.00001264424,0.0001340623,0.000016484584,0.000027900582],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060763577,0.00009097169,0.000115492425,0.00008267681,0.000020116115,0.000007725106,0.000078175006,0.000038422328,0.000040882936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003498721,0.00005176583,0.000026266973,0.00019858067,0.00000793508,0.000019400317,0.0000072083294,0.00008985201,0.000010476993],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019563043,0.017287742,0.2602485,0.0010677646,0.0018355505,0.00045253767,0.0029118916,0.14329025,0.2572541,0.013780522,0.12245342,0.1792221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005501884,0.0005123456,0.003859829,0.000022355094,0.000013659646,0.000006961818,0.0001409902,0.0018101126,0.98973423,0.000029599958,0.0031307673,0.00018895035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003100941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007653017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73248017,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001677615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007978223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21109493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175282274","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2015.11.022","title":"Microstructure characterization and hardness distribution of 13Cr4Ni multipass weld metal","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Characterization","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Hydro-Québec; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Hydro-Québec; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; École de technologie supérieure","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Welding; Tempering; Martensite; Austenite; Quenching (fluorescence); Metallurgy; Characterization (materials science); Fabrication; Composite material; Optics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.011314012176657413,"score_gpt":0.20688992484367053,"score_spread":0.1955759126670131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2175282274","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97966295,0.000020925825,0.018115778,0.00005531514,0.000752092,0.00022634263,0.00089184724,0.00026504364,0.000009696781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924332,0.00012628603,0.00018090202,0.000015381813,0.0001663123,0.000020875801,0.006986797,0.000031332005,0.000038917133],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921733,0.000039884577,0.00031704313,0.00014976502,0.00012682687,0.00014916707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995848,0.000006153907,0.00011695745,0.00013329866,0.00009360531,0.00006516216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012425675,0.00016512774,0.00024857538,0.000052123545,0.000038041424,0.000082049024,0.00007970807,0.00014662744,0.000032634933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029757082,0.00015234145,0.000019402749,0.000113097434,0.00003869008,0.00030169878,0.000039010276,0.00004556243,0.0000033703038],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026599799,0.000011442557,0.00070201827,0.0001452932,0.000013189649,9.913208e-7,0.000120082485,0.000027131891,0.99770904,0.00007229992,0.000051838146,0.0011200575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021949534,0.00002921727,0.12429912,0.000054899258,0.000019106115,0.0000070135516,0.000009701792,0.00024291236,0.8703364,0.00003169043,0.004595483,0.00015493359],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016475746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.550949e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12737262,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032726777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009448225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6212304},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2175859338","doi":"10.1179/136217101101538532","title":"Methodology for development of welding procedures and empirical weld process models based on principal component analysis techniques","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; QUAD Engineering (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Mechanical engineering; Joint (building); Materials science; Gas tungsten arc welding; Process (computing); Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Structural engineering; Engineering drawing; Computer science; Arc welding; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.08007044047043232,"score_gpt":0.3549453129546904,"score_spread":0.27487487248425807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2175859338","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8040661,0.00013795377,0.19466758,0.0003587098,0.000015190393,0.00015011437,7.1201515e-7,0.0002973071,0.00030634282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7783746,0.000028476303,0.2215368,0.000018588207,0.0000046268183,0.000029605746,2.2647754e-7,0.0000062905697,7.8790464e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989337,0.000010913328,0.0003029608,0.00027608426,0.00018984667,0.00028649747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994748,0.00012547264,0.00008132006,0.00013622394,0.00013111823,0.000051012255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010407594,0.00012211298,0.0002847202,0.0011259652,0.00022035613,0.00001712728,0.00021874064,0.00010821658,0.0000017472452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002539311,0.00010586654,0.000027630733,0.0015042721,0.0004922874,0.00013812546,0.00006960303,0.00010616148,2.8744257e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023113172,0.00031301694,0.2759488,0.0012539153,0.00039093563,0.000014440553,0.004019352,0.12822272,0.33073017,0.026976427,0.000036310386,0.2318628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016687422,0.00018341497,0.0027220394,0.00014401658,0.000043552525,0.000012650222,0.0004508386,0.064653985,0.9268869,0.004484526,0.00009072275,0.00016045399],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037537034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005302274,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5961568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025085008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069804206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4317112},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178550123","doi":"","title":"Optimization of electron beam welding parameters for Incoloy 903","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Materials and Product Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Incoloy; Electron beam welding; Welding; Beam (structure); Oscillation (cell signaling); Materials science; Current (fluid); Work (physics); Mechanics; Voltage; Cathode ray; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Electron; Composite material; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.006588668084145248,"score_gpt":0.2404906716724827,"score_spread":0.23390200358833746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2178550123","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96229815,0.00028478986,0.035434518,0.001112248,0.00067062647,0.00009252889,0.000010799695,0.000061064224,0.000035271667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9618839,0.0005414981,0.037364192,0.000010525905,0.00017409462,0.000005808459,0.0000037145082,0.000011513704,0.000004748708],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944836,0.000009773909,0.0003054829,0.00006734109,0.00008376243,0.00008528972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954593,0.000036758094,0.00016477375,0.00005940684,0.00017967216,0.000013455384],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002699604,0.00006924237,0.00017683882,0.00023143782,0.000015610312,0.00002163269,0.00018351238,0.000073559924,0.0000070131764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016899209,0.000057588197,0.00002358649,0.000048330185,0.000039275572,0.00006765923,0.000027476575,0.000057085424,1.5185024e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019995813,0.000049543596,0.00033301138,0.00016959017,0.00025088372,0.0000031722102,0.000050091137,0.22334664,0.759465,0.0032163989,0.0020544482,0.010861296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021866488,0.00019452069,0.0000337745,0.000070202484,0.000013916947,0.00006475299,0.0000070290457,0.00028828514,0.9918737,0.004069877,0.0031072313,0.000058045996],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000024561614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.5627662e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23240873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019364425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000075359108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23483784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2195357684","doi":"10.1115/pvp2015-45991","title":"Can a Weld in Welded Structure Be Made With Zero Residual Stress?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Distortion (music); Structural engineering; Residual; Finite element method; Stress (linguistics); Computer science; Materials science; Algorithm; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.015335753655030579,"score_gpt":0.22143485212422784,"score_spread":0.20609909846919727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2195357684","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825589,0.00022186621,0.00050155766,0.00127692,0.00010412553,0.00021511782,0.000071496186,0.0008602356,0.014189798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99425906,0.000026840718,0.005028469,0.00007451707,0.00007016972,0.000010639808,0.000020302858,0.00003586082,0.00047411342],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991869,0.000014526952,0.0001475558,0.00016321089,0.00020483241,0.00028301319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995949,0.000019740239,0.000016358168,0.00022004743,0.000025620391,0.00012330891],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047070487,0.00017345791,0.0001698488,0.00009790121,0.000021235375,0.00004352923,0.00017385148,0.00012955457,0.0000924426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000145504855,0.0001234482,0.000015383235,0.00019081945,0.000031726304,0.000070799004,0.000039902232,0.00023558967,0.0000018036106],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029589902,0.00017339455,0.08154632,0.00059221283,0.00026329004,0.0008153389,0.004038686,0.378851,0.008480019,0.0061988714,0.5141067,0.0046382844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028780461,0.00061356183,0.0167946,0.0005046561,0.00005140691,0.00009916641,0.0016565329,0.0019704746,0.93950164,0.010803424,0.023525989,0.0016005081],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011405101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005880507,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93102163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000061419305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030944608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5034072},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2210919116","doi":"10.5957/jspd.2015.31.4.220","title":"Numerical Investigation on Interruption in the Welding Process Used in Shipbuilding","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Residual stress; Materials science; Finite element method; Shipbuilding; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering","score_opus":0.1569252082679209,"score_gpt":0.31894015343675747,"score_spread":0.16201494516883658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2210919116","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880782,0.000211642,0.009819038,0.0013712392,0.000285862,0.00013127625,5.4401337e-8,0.000031064046,0.00007162453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99821156,0.00005722453,0.0014891777,0.000033837172,0.00019238569,0.000005126746,1.6722707e-7,0.000007378259,0.0000031422244],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934417,0.000104471044,0.00023390517,0.00007104539,0.00016238299,0.00008402481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997651,0.00004370484,0.00006647205,0.00004950598,0.000037489808,0.00003775607],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012966776,0.00006746961,0.000100434365,0.00019561533,0.000019571096,0.000042841493,0.000072457784,0.000046229303,0.0000011203371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003147257,0.000045036573,0.000013773773,0.00025219808,0.000017573775,0.00022576083,0.0000030637625,0.0002745135,4.5892176e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025501283,0.0000987744,0.029238645,0.00015492756,0.000014094588,0.00003710464,0.012239143,0.94225997,0.004837512,0.00028820947,0.004379542,0.006197054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029897094,0.0029496492,0.065564774,0.0055235163,0.000068231835,0.0014643484,0.015982457,0.057484843,0.76502085,0.08068352,0.0011194715,0.0011486601],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005165649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002830782,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88477516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000641252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017410268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1836538},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2225780508","doi":"10.5539/mas.v10n2p83","title":"A Review Paper on Vision Based Identification, Detection and Tracking of Weld Seams Path in Welding Robot Environment","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka","keywords":"Welding; Robot welding; Computer science; Path (computing); Automotive industry; Robot; Manufacturing engineering; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.021312797663085057,"score_gpt":0.2804274949703172,"score_spread":0.25911469730723213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2225780508","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018975845,0.92331797,0.07553343,0.000014473326,0.000051055376,0.0007067902,0.0000068527283,0.0000871882,0.00026326877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.039428923,0.959851,0.0004982387,0.00001962012,0.000017509783,0.0001483803,0.0000024283454,0.00002915946,0.000004704079],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984505,0.000024646848,0.00050209917,0.000459173,0.0003338946,0.00022967871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930567,0.00007820846,0.00016529758,0.00038189336,0.000012046871,0.00005686622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077780784,0.0002432599,0.0005634406,0.00022843415,0.00008727632,0.00004555104,0.0003119085,0.00012260875,0.000017537119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023892235,0.00017424338,0.00006934308,0.0003158804,0.00012482142,0.00011110027,0.00006361201,0.00019847752,0.00000887896],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.12324e-7,0.000013875547,2.6432102e-7,0.010584803,0.0000027159463,5.8879203e-7,0.000010048249,0.0008032538,0.009047994,0.000018285427,0.0000155068,0.9795017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043259264,0.00014363242,0.00014850713,0.35641247,0.00026513837,0.000014963456,0.000008371223,0.019092632,0.04931927,0.001267183,0.5710927,0.0018025421],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000036205445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017480437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9776992,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018390115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002894824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7105439},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2235785436","doi":"10.1007/s11665-015-1864-8","title":"Microstructure- and Strain Rate-Dependent Tensile Behavior of Fiber Laser-Welded DP980 Steel Joint","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Composite material; Welding; Indentation hardness; Martensite; Microstructure; Work hardening; Strain hardening exponent; Joint (building); Strain rate; Hardening (computing); Tensile testing; Metallurgy; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.008574297269846858,"score_gpt":0.19698772659477612,"score_spread":0.18841342932492927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2235785436","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99909633,0.00026384307,0.000108318345,0.000024392253,0.00032818946,0.000060043756,0.00006648278,0.000041752475,0.00001063786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969709,0.001431715,0.0013979118,0.0000031900865,0.0001201201,0.0000025624904,8.039027e-7,0.000021780681,0.000051004292],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933124,0.000009246528,0.00035486187,0.00006667303,0.000091173,0.0001468383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996903,0.000026569358,0.00009461615,0.00007992061,0.00004574909,0.00006283168],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022728028,0.00013516835,0.00027441842,0.00008542088,0.000021381886,0.000028828166,0.00006580939,0.00007805337,0.000056522327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015783122,0.0000856687,0.000025677933,0.000028331167,0.000025841684,0.00013094487,0.000026732121,0.00007634832,8.012523e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023533874,0.000005943701,0.00038788383,0.0002965524,0.000023182025,0.000009101108,0.00003653358,0.0027800137,0.99419785,0.0000029493165,0.00014282111,0.002093618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034381144,0.00013941937,0.051443946,0.00041349125,0.000025162117,0.00018574065,0.000005436803,0.00006988252,0.9468244,0.00000587761,0.00042005297,0.00012283625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037213995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.979775e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05105606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015559748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007034581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34934682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2238170730","doi":"10.1007/s11663-015-0578-5","title":"Post-weld Tempered Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Laser-Arc Welded Cast Martensitic Stainless Steel CA6NM","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Tempering; Charpy impact test; Martensitic stainless steel; Gas tungsten arc welding; Laser beam welding; Heat-affected zone; Martensite; Composite material; Ferrite (magnet); Arc welding","score_opus":0.009657826187373621,"score_gpt":0.18551316643091664,"score_spread":0.17585534024354302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2238170730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861363,0.000280249,0.012450163,0.00029486674,0.00016184265,0.00019760648,0.00029809773,0.0001640637,0.000016767486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99835426,0.00074852136,0.0006051198,0.000016954007,0.000031629395,0.000023690467,0.0000044342955,0.00002429904,0.0001910927],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991948,0.00004100232,0.00027474336,0.00018835941,0.00009832559,0.00020278903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968493,0.000029239081,0.000026965234,0.00012049141,0.000045175628,0.00009321792],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008653879,0.00017136283,0.00034487597,0.000047335412,0.00008400838,0.000057622037,0.00006651776,0.000089617526,0.00031710905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007502803,0.00010508091,0.000047832964,0.000037516245,0.00013573215,0.00010337852,0.000014796269,0.000065446104,0.0000018618922],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007327191,0.000023739567,3.057389e-7,0.00028345655,0.000066674016,0.000027646147,0.000028922723,0.00007584509,0.99854606,0.000057061126,0.00002033535,0.0007966672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042731437,0.000086725566,0.00015250231,0.00015226123,0.00007829679,0.0003160485,0.00004748922,0.00007592288,0.9973561,0.00015158522,0.00097186625,0.00018388785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012341455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003628958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012217916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010720172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008234879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4285075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2240841897","doi":"10.4271/2009-01-1298","title":"An Experimental Method to Study the Sensitivity of Transmission Laser Welding of Plastic Parts to Interfacial Gaps","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Sensitivity (control systems); Welding; Transmission (telecommunications); Laser beam welding; Laser; Optics; Composite material; Electronic engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.01606275081121965,"score_gpt":0.2991247934622377,"score_spread":0.28306204265101803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2240841897","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99423814,0.00011561645,0.00025995096,0.00065465725,0.00012595393,0.0012989694,0.000038955925,0.0014795769,0.0017882084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864418,0.000031840544,0.012945149,0.00028698327,0.000084756444,0.00011749538,0.0000056695953,0.00007338122,0.000012943516],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968133,0.00031328862,0.00090739416,0.0006767051,0.0007048731,0.00058445975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99795276,0.00058915565,0.00010216682,0.0009242333,0.000071471935,0.00036019745],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009771701,0.0005694311,0.0008592219,0.00020532068,0.00019987664,0.00004879627,0.0007179047,0.00036976172,0.00013270258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002534804,0.00041133873,0.00030216767,0.00066273386,0.00020281038,0.00020955,0.00018287587,0.0006577465,0.0000072690304],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045565507,0.00084045035,0.000080502556,0.000028567873,0.00004435054,0.000025891786,0.00024243236,0.005623771,0.98456484,0.00025984162,0.0006273168,0.0072063575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038412597,0.00550343,0.6939245,0.00028842784,0.000081764796,0.000023610744,0.000455464,0.0000010500411,0.29624712,0.00021662,0.0023726749,0.00050120446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044466553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038433203,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.693844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011773423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022398019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998338},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2244201300","doi":"","title":"Modelling and Analysis of Electrodes Erosion Phenomena of SF₆ Arc in a Laval Nozzle","year":2005,"lang":"ko","type":"article","venue":"대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Arc (geometry); Erosion; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.012264700470458596,"score_gpt":0.23077957187955123,"score_spread":0.21851487140909262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2244201300","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9782161,0.004652364,0.016158357,0.0000734897,0.000022394826,0.000142234,0.000046867954,0.000059762537,0.0006284092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98489547,0.005833031,0.009079626,0.000007143726,0.00006815457,0.0000054396705,0.00001364071,0.000028161234,0.0000693337],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865884,0.000030419043,0.00052772654,0.00024602053,0.00020646933,0.00033050557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994326,0.00008027015,0.00012493123,0.00025167022,0.000044516564,0.00006598514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022303841,0.00021107846,0.0005959864,0.0005469771,0.000031902247,0.000019680363,0.00015784922,0.00015382245,0.000055434164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015409663,0.00020150503,0.00014173433,0.0008150671,0.000061502156,0.00010245015,0.00007035114,0.00020192897,9.674977e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004095096,0.000110161636,0.007915853,0.00025950046,0.00029421467,0.0000018157987,0.00077524345,0.94782895,0.03953246,0.0003261064,0.00005690646,0.0028578578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003122491,0.00013190185,0.0038338013,0.00027079036,0.00044524283,9.4050625e-7,0.00006442393,0.7632901,0.23084323,0.00030625993,0.00026018362,0.00024083556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016021128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003885837,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19131078,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006256835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001944654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8217137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2264145394","doi":"10.11606/d.3.2015.tde-16112015-002331","title":"Avaliação da soldagem do aço naval AH36 microligado soldado pelo processo arco submerso com um e dois arames.","year":2015,"lang":"pt","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"EVRAZ (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Charpy impact test; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Weldability; Indentation hardness; Toughness; Ultimate tensile strength; Submerged arc welding; Base metal; Microstructure; Optical microscope; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.02217518485974228,"score_gpt":0.2851864702825276,"score_spread":0.2630112854227853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2264145394","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72410506,0.04952508,0.01731332,0.0024045622,0.015639788,0.009634066,0.001707579,0.014015594,0.16565496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.913211,0.004059052,0.0045879623,0.00015355427,0.00084973674,0.00029889107,0.0026110017,0.0007649097,0.07346391],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9934832,0.00012475772,0.0015480167,0.0015823462,0.0013853171,0.0018763792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963947,0.00015735281,0.0006089348,0.001275438,0.00078500673,0.0007785938],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069041457,0.001921233,0.0017884308,0.00068518956,0.00045382115,0.0010703518,0.0016444311,0.002120466,0.0010755854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017408171,0.0018040729,0.0006455273,0.00083678047,0.00020102311,0.00045165027,0.00028311744,0.002067793,0.00066547253],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010966475,0.0016022921,0.0028775185,0.019515194,0.0033245427,0.0008984441,0.019277755,0.0092356615,0.02507292,0.0015831206,0.8088139,0.10670199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0066320077,0.0018707287,0.0029637704,0.012677611,0.0034702844,0.0004177608,0.022949964,0.0148675265,0.69470006,0.0068043545,0.2158785,0.016767412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002883193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00048309268,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66962713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004814996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048344585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2277754601","doi":"10.1149/ma2015-02/7/515","title":"Rapid Milling of Alloy Anodes","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Anode; Materials science; Alloy; Battery (electricity); Cathode; Metallurgy; Electronics; Electrode; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.030158521964756695,"score_gpt":0.24056050407420582,"score_spread":0.21040198210944913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2277754601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8677084,0.0016014876,0.000021746517,0.00003445133,0.00022191853,0.000052849802,0.0000034623413,0.00046979255,0.12988588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896919,0.00016002233,0.009945325,0.0000073300466,0.00012409643,0.000002792711,0.0000032437524,0.000026852294,0.00003843395],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930084,0.000010783118,0.00024317179,0.00009588506,0.00015987491,0.00018946834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995936,0.0000698893,0.00005410275,0.0001402709,0.000052361425,0.00008975378],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031102943,0.000106567655,0.0001441912,0.00005324907,0.000024560057,0.000019184881,0.0001302336,0.000080085556,0.000007694804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001616087,0.00009834711,0.000037272206,0.000082400846,0.000024595816,0.000054906322,0.000024874935,0.00011610442,0.000011559623],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000065544764,0.000026017813,0.00072318193,0.00014674113,0.000030068699,0.000017328312,0.0003700463,0.86051553,0.12531288,0.000007225981,0.011615894,0.0012285035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012201465,0.000039208764,0.0007836078,0.00020470748,0.000009164514,0.000005316845,0.000095251955,0.0016146821,0.98113817,0.0002475091,0.015593438,0.00014691887],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010475001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042550655,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85890085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020571757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013434015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4010479},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2280236868","doi":"10.4271/2000-01-2661","title":"Determination of Weld Line Characteristics in Tailored Blanks","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Line (geometry); Materials science; Computer science; Metallurgy; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.009819622890169799,"score_gpt":0.23635996584686816,"score_spread":0.22654034295669837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2280236868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96140426,0.0003259291,0.000004290005,0.0007426872,0.00014922768,0.0007064651,0.000072265015,0.0029291825,0.033665694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99266917,0.0019242766,0.0044717174,0.00023008222,0.00013047039,0.00016590461,0.0000590445,0.0001162095,0.00023312696],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99692994,0.00006832215,0.001194454,0.00058820733,0.00055291044,0.0006661781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984975,0.00026108857,0.00013128576,0.000855928,0.00006329736,0.00019092702],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033823235,0.00057381357,0.00087464036,0.00026197275,0.000101215956,0.00005283898,0.00074000424,0.0008454519,0.0009154095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021218898,0.0005138709,0.00025335336,0.0006721382,0.00046003345,0.00028103008,0.00013018116,0.0009920505,0.000045160232],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002051842,0.00029432576,0.00034466927,0.00017731915,0.000023600818,0.00009793974,0.000035931233,0.000177378,0.95467645,0.00071350386,0.0010862751,0.042167414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005515842,0.001036226,0.9710029,0.00055233174,0.000047371992,0.00007202688,0.000034243723,0.000002694843,0.0029743505,0.0013220138,0.021721305,0.0006829481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000073338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019691417,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97065824,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018363369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033063418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2284368363","doi":"10.2207/jjws.83.286","title":"Report of The 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Annual Canadian Welding Association CAN Weld Conference","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Association (psychology); Metallurgy; Materials science; Psychology","score_opus":0.006996826135448568,"score_gpt":0.20287237141663297,"score_spread":0.1958755452811844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2284368363","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876548,0.00021437311,0.0005415185,0.006219583,0.0014013369,0.00021528917,0.000055537334,0.00010085311,0.0035966968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971587,0.00021119515,0.0010304025,0.00022229976,0.0006086362,0.0000033093359,0.0000017199134,0.000046289246,0.0007174402],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976044,0.00014144635,0.00080802094,0.00017593581,0.0007431331,0.00052704953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978515,0.0002451472,0.0008368096,0.00047213456,0.00039093048,0.00020347927],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018204317,0.00026498243,0.00045741457,0.00007679826,0.00044755026,0.00010676652,0.00092824054,0.00034480044,0.000048028745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00071991776,0.00017447303,0.0006450143,0.0003777954,0.00009085038,0.00018781626,0.00013983902,0.00088445295,0.0000013138424],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019618057,0.0000954929,0.10529294,0.00044762078,0.0014263553,0.000024815148,0.012762553,0.23105101,0.01984802,0.0012424283,0.6255331,0.0022560325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026071277,0.0005020219,0.18939182,0.0050600264,0.0014734147,0.0015407578,0.0060875583,0.03491217,0.27603376,0.0063880547,0.4733783,0.002624973],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002927452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040987944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25618574,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00083581463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002629595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7114804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2301211856","doi":"","title":"MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES BY THE NEUTRON DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE IN A WELDED JOINT","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Courrier du Savoir (Universite de Biskra)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Neutron diffraction; Brittleness; Composite material; Joint (building); Metallurgy; Stress (linguistics); Diffraction; Structural engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.014756059883518715,"score_gpt":0.19214929300397113,"score_spread":0.1773932331204524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2301211856","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9728982,0.001057366,0.020099534,0.0027775755,0.00013552522,0.0005194039,0.000070584174,0.00044056543,0.0020012578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984879,0.00095076393,0.0003663436,0.000016715108,0.000044317112,0.000020165333,0.0000025087252,0.000025017356,0.0000862718],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990392,0.00006832622,0.00017410296,0.00016708553,0.00028451995,0.00026680416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994495,0.000063449515,0.000071985945,0.000271322,0.00008225133,0.00006150029],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032858344,0.00015932342,0.00017804666,0.00016520871,0.00008498063,0.000017224791,0.00025553553,0.0001350037,0.00006225002],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049784332,0.000110548266,0.00006206984,0.0002199678,0.00009648185,0.00018188074,0.000071331946,0.00017331557,0.0000028724849],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008189275,0.0001087048,0.0047476003,0.00015111301,0.00009573121,0.000037166217,0.00039274586,0.0010992752,0.9149847,0.00046885668,0.070627056,0.0072051347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011042919,0.00021032254,0.04063754,0.000957224,0.000078866135,0.000025978066,0.0007546355,0.0003545613,0.9140466,0.0006822691,0.040667716,0.00048003625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021042796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017756115,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.035889942,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036960925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043851483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45080274},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2310429949","doi":"10.21611/qirt.2010.164","title":"Infrared Image Processing for Online Quality Control in Laser Welding","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Cegep de La Pocatiere","funders":"","keywords":"Quality (philosophy); Welding; Computer science; Image processing; Laser; Infrared; Image quality; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Materials science; Optics; Image (mathematics); Metallurgy; Physics","score_opus":0.035332618265151376,"score_gpt":0.31757974841419345,"score_spread":0.28224713014904207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2310429949","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9688549,0.000043759235,0.0010867398,0.0007137651,0.00069786306,0.0006421635,0.00040092852,0.00020036801,0.027359484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844115,0.000042306092,0.01506795,0.0000860105,0.000071051836,0.00011109519,0.000012178363,0.000034293025,0.00016365657],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987494,0.0000104668925,0.00046446468,0.00023669284,0.00030330496,0.00023566964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998707,0.0001791212,0.0002576665,0.00011305614,0.000696614,0.000046521],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003677298,0.00022754657,0.00027491958,0.0003296012,0.000075808995,0.00011261202,0.0007386913,0.00014341116,0.00006940263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003984815,0.0001714914,0.00017127261,0.0003170629,0.00021888004,0.000357303,0.00005572429,0.00050091685,0.0000011940232],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00067243486,0.0003947984,0.014419717,0.00048152098,0.00026240604,8.1159186e-7,0.0011690904,0.00031317456,0.75554615,0.21900356,0.0037566533,0.003979653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003568317,0.0003887809,0.10457787,0.0016333682,0.00006119383,0.0000045491206,0.0018247217,0.034815285,0.5100802,0.33787677,0.0040761693,0.0010927574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020721658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002649262,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24546598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022870645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026124211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6993216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2313047577","doi":"10.7449/2008/superalloys_2008_241_250","title":"A Study of HAZ Microfissuring in a Newly Developed Allvac 718 Plus Superalloy","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Materials science; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Microstructure","score_opus":0.036393219663076536,"score_gpt":0.2459301726138421,"score_spread":0.20953695295076555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2313047577","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99665517,0.00016214042,0.00041095426,0.0000188449,0.000042073545,0.00022278674,8.5400086e-7,0.0003188537,0.0021683094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932809,0.00011831332,0.006300645,0.000008359786,0.000017236387,0.000017980865,9.4849725e-7,0.00002177995,0.0002338428],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934083,0.000012735901,0.00024314802,0.00011801446,0.00010380889,0.00018145196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976873,0.000022124152,0.000012024281,0.00014448677,0.000019376492,0.000033254946],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005742422,0.00011478722,0.0002034023,0.00011290893,0.000027356979,0.000007045264,0.00015035304,0.000054544515,0.000037561633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010146636,0.000099181816,0.00002355773,0.00019535358,0.0000141645505,0.000057731344,0.00005478651,0.000101134196,0.000004015067],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019109418,0.001871232,0.5845684,0.0007813618,0.0005380028,0.0020419841,0.037916273,0.22149561,0.11343377,0.00063094957,0.032525938,0.004005378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00562412,0.0005897841,0.40281132,0.00029689193,0.0000305667,0.00014031146,0.0031048157,0.0031264273,0.5742659,0.000113584654,0.008632834,0.0012634422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022798474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009945689,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46083215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056568704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002119793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4044517},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2314349493","doi":"10.1115/pvp2012-78657","title":"A Sensitivity Analysis of NRC Welding Residual Stress Validation Program International Round Robin Program","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Materials science; Finite element method; Structural engineering; Nozzle; Sensitivity (control systems); Modulus; Residual; Rotational symmetry; Metallurgy; Composite material; Engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.017822853582017302,"score_gpt":0.2947257112646466,"score_spread":0.2769028576826293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2314349493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98050857,0.0000797803,0.0077571566,0.00006705146,0.0002298312,0.00039920534,0.00004302579,0.0014720653,0.009443316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9790471,0.000044839846,0.02051311,0.0000036078018,0.00015040755,0.00006012663,0.00010140181,0.000018794832,0.000060572696],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998864,0.00003914308,0.0002571457,0.00013394387,0.00044055004,0.0002652515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994518,0.000069007336,0.000059819835,0.00017859768,0.00017058483,0.00007020068],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049229624,0.00014021192,0.00022118304,0.00028738746,0.00003830878,0.00007140789,0.00010774867,0.000100597084,0.00010583612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000068475216,0.00012326373,0.00011378994,0.00053017697,0.00003307092,0.00028302264,0.00005994823,0.00011112072,0.0000023923221],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000590311,0.0026498504,0.2862019,0.00044224682,0.0071211355,0.000018665805,0.0010994571,0.3937179,0.0148453945,0.0037251106,0.010056689,0.28006262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003253343,0.00016359924,0.12655103,0.00013013501,0.0010623761,0.000009169724,0.00028921955,0.073947914,0.7843955,0.000073963856,0.012397191,0.00065454555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002853406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016855265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76955014,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001118483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009229768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50265485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2316512770","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2016.04.001","title":"Inspection of thick welded joints using laser-ultrasonic SAFT","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Ultrasonic testing; Butt welding; Laser; Ultrasonic sensor; Arc welding; Laser beam welding; Butt joint; Optics; Acoustics; Composite material; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.015482754376937179,"score_gpt":0.2332515130142851,"score_spread":0.2177687586373479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2316512770","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98183244,0.0003304057,0.0128647275,0.00006504047,0.00033910252,0.00013001525,0.000033963002,0.0009114389,0.0034928822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937528,0.0011777111,0.0048091793,0.000009398762,0.00008497233,0.000003883496,0.0000019667439,0.000037189748,0.00012294536],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920154,0.0000178439,0.00023763014,0.0001434184,0.0001578644,0.00024168724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994839,0.00012544321,0.00005426924,0.00023502078,0.00004565371,0.000055711025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010682419,0.00014504159,0.00018271523,0.00006276334,0.000065686945,0.00001769333,0.0001422527,0.00014656478,0.00010426747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009708496,0.000103938815,0.000075117,0.0001639339,0.000058979127,0.00011579207,0.000018310511,0.00012175116,0.000013439293],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041143147,0.0001531674,0.007838697,0.0003991727,0.00021658333,0.000015388978,0.0003405793,0.013455113,0.9430062,0.0013492076,0.010219004,0.022965737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031884178,0.00006130804,0.0017881774,0.00034605587,0.000027438306,0.000025957115,0.000035553705,0.0011443873,0.9891812,0.0007778928,0.006051141,0.0002420414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005621882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037105518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.046175,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009638162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021687596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42385018},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326125096","doi":"10.1115/imece2006-13780","title":"Thermal Imaging Studies and 3-D Thermal Finite Element Modeling of Laser Transmission Welding of a Lap-Joint","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Finite element method; Thermal; Laser beam welding; Laser; Lap joint; Beam (structure); Optics; Joint (building); Composite material; Structural engineering; Physics; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.017409724063717578,"score_gpt":0.23741225255552542,"score_spread":0.22000252849180785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2326125096","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94939786,0.004181895,0.043284226,0.00007533749,0.000022282502,0.00009941559,0.0000029387493,0.00015656227,0.0027794626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98970306,0.000451856,0.009763118,0.000005895114,0.000029325169,0.000005209558,0.0000010298467,0.000016872704,0.000023625875],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999371,0.000010364866,0.00027717982,0.00009306222,0.0001062464,0.00014218308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998122,0.000035293397,0.000030256426,0.000068893765,0.00003439323,0.00001899264],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011616333,0.00011221431,0.00019207767,0.000062844585,0.000032953558,0.00000750857,0.000050232105,0.000028479839,0.00002412005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003954712,0.00008102947,0.000044583947,0.000053742424,0.00002966953,0.00006230637,0.00003289624,0.000061247636,1.6118952e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000064975793,0.000013767391,0.00034098866,0.00028873567,0.000030447105,0.0000020925445,0.0002176541,0.92843,0.06699689,0.000075452095,0.00008669589,0.0035107867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018715038,0.000020746505,0.00027540998,0.0002788204,0.000020858008,6.7233157e-7,0.00022371858,0.38831434,0.61018014,0.00031787646,0.00007161726,0.00010864386],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001443284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005145647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54318327,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010295681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003475887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3304286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326415004","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-0353","title":"Assessment of Residual Stress in T5 Treated 319 Aluminum Alloy Engine Blocks Using Neutron Diffraction","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Alloy; Neutron diffraction; Residual stress; Materials science; Aluminium; Residual; Stress (linguistics); Diffraction; Metallurgy; Computer science; Optics; Physics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.013048204747879969,"score_gpt":0.26126813900705415,"score_spread":0.24821993425917419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2326415004","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878678,0.00029794982,0.000006682555,0.0008876465,0.00020410398,0.0008317681,0.00014388963,0.0028357701,0.0069244294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933845,0.0012245305,0.0046018097,0.00007094437,0.00016866105,0.0001779756,0.000036853835,0.0001691355,0.00016562536],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99586934,0.00013808726,0.0012959656,0.00089461496,0.0008185888,0.0009833827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99776703,0.0005155129,0.00022717769,0.0011272794,0.000096981144,0.0002660094],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046207343,0.0008061822,0.0010745602,0.0004404953,0.00014521313,0.000056929224,0.0007728536,0.0009776261,0.00030985993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022901899,0.00060088595,0.00031435955,0.0007551995,0.00065826095,0.0004617809,0.00029361522,0.0010056604,0.0000071744385],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000118642434,0.00039384866,0.002801032,0.00010890009,0.000061820094,0.000059086222,0.0000090849135,0.001476464,0.99102175,0.0008117195,0.000938458,0.0021991923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010047149,0.0008560182,0.97373223,0.0010950033,0.00008842307,0.00004232791,0.00004589504,0.000002492128,0.018606028,0.00029823024,0.0034968026,0.00073183875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028969275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.037217807,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97241575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006743018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007146548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996443},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2327094533","doi":"10.2351/1.4944101","title":"Laser localized coating of corrosion resistant metal over a steel weld bead","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Welding; Metallurgy; Corrosion; Laser beam welding; Galvanic corrosion; Galvanic cell; Joint (building); Composite material; Sheet metal; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.011284355037976512,"score_gpt":0.24839832264328404,"score_spread":0.23711396760530754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2327094533","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65847236,0.0008543128,0.33696362,0.0005399221,0.00016153613,0.00042411566,0.00013215566,0.00018680985,0.0022651602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99303514,0.0002792714,0.0063701444,0.000016023496,0.00010191593,0.00002167944,0.0000014855447,0.000020931855,0.00015342349],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991335,0.000017664033,0.00045073332,0.00007207019,0.0002053156,0.00012066676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992783,0.00014390795,0.00020735317,0.00017884317,0.00012079847,0.000070775626],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017644683,0.00009565123,0.00021026046,0.00009199198,0.000038552254,0.0000120565755,0.00017452505,0.00006600742,0.000087114524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026309654,0.00006021527,0.000108120876,0.00015505702,0.000042582582,0.000103128106,0.000028316335,0.00010768032,0.0000052991313],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000093935574,0.00019378413,0.001117472,0.00015599147,0.00011239113,0.000011011655,0.00009092428,0.0031455972,0.9606099,0.000879206,0.023577098,0.010012652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006761958,0.00010378345,0.0010999185,0.0003120755,0.0000844176,0.0000180107,0.00003949742,0.00022366944,0.9200113,0.00093537616,0.07635315,0.00014265234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008079111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010375774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33456275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044372708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021438887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24555075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2332433390","doi":"10.1115/pvp2011-57957","title":"The Evolution of Stress and Strain Tensors in Welds With Mitigation of Residual Stress and Distortion","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Cauchy stress tensor; Distortion (music); Infinitesimal strain theory; Tensor (intrinsic definition); Welding; Plasticity; Stress (linguistics); Materials science; Structural engineering; Bending; Hydrostatic stress; Deformation (meteorology); Displacement (psychology); Mechanics; Geometry; Finite element method; Mathematical analysis; Composite material; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.007433144850259455,"score_gpt":0.19065137000113244,"score_spread":0.183218225150873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2332433390","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971717,0.00035914444,0.0011572284,0.00001674316,0.0000102985505,0.00010361694,0.000027825208,0.00004134875,0.0011120938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987557,0.0002164713,0.0009845878,4.1769485e-7,0.0000073965393,0.0000055534856,0.0000033061697,0.0000070123947,0.000019539093],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99960107,0.00001574984,0.00015018623,0.00007119275,0.00008119435,0.00008062174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980533,0.000031755528,0.00003846981,0.00008079862,0.000024932444,0.000018702238],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007630846,0.00006398712,0.0000840406,0.00004739088,0.000024845072,0.0000057884918,0.00004176264,0.000051132134,0.000004353647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010105185,0.000040331506,0.0000069691773,0.00006895862,0.00011375906,0.00006532801,0.00001356909,0.00005565161,2.9463406e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025036721,0.00014084451,0.94840753,0.0014008175,0.00010353311,0.0000070614465,0.0032225617,0.008879161,0.007839459,0.016239628,0.00022151772,0.013287494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022486542,0.00018669963,0.8211951,0.00031741968,0.000014644351,0.0000019359766,0.0014782565,0.00092896644,0.17439984,0.0011439457,0.0000068070517,0.000101502985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00097139785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024677918,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16656038,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018903118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006144186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16446711},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2332823670","doi":"10.1557/proc-1027-d03-05","title":"In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Study of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of a 1018 Plain Carbon Steel","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MRS Proceedings","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Gas tungsten arc welding; Welding; Neutron diffraction; Tungsten; Metallurgy; Carbon arc welding; Diffraction; Arc welding; Optics","score_opus":0.010075909115770127,"score_gpt":0.23737023339509045,"score_spread":0.2272943242793203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2332823670","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885155,0.0000870363,0.000016786744,0.000022575405,0.000106219006,0.0003242087,7.176582e-7,0.00016279922,0.010764177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99948317,0.000046381363,0.00030066847,0.0000041960966,0.00007710898,0.000014822773,5.6717874e-7,0.00003163355,0.000041449664],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892795,0.000003567846,0.00039873755,0.00017141408,0.00023219005,0.0002661301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996625,0.000039276587,0.00010797273,0.00008261862,0.000062567764,0.000045041852],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033100334,0.00015452056,0.0002716417,0.00029782363,0.000022953343,0.000012941512,0.00015032018,0.00010767719,0.0000046159403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027928461,0.0001476066,0.000037708513,0.00035651057,0.00002418584,0.00014133814,0.00004953376,0.00021503743,3.801988e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014927148,0.00047540362,0.072929695,0.0008149222,0.00007082983,0.000017625249,0.0059641143,0.0013623044,0.91584367,0.00015766424,0.0005940165,0.0016204624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007784268,0.00059220975,0.14561033,0.00030819548,0.000038807542,0.000008660362,0.004722317,0.00046583332,0.84658897,0.00018173273,0.00044180042,0.00026271265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003608193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014830881,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07268064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008346915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000047597755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6019222},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2336160204","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2015.1132127","title":"Distortion and residual stresses in electron beam-welded hydroelectric turbine materials","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; École de Technologie Supérieure; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Electron beam welding; Butt joint; Composite material; Joint (building); Beam (structure); Turbine; Metallurgy; Cathode ray; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electron; Engineering","score_opus":0.005174318100223652,"score_gpt":0.21367819642624614,"score_spread":0.2085038783260225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2336160204","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99769706,0.0008980453,0.0002497428,0.0006058627,0.000048959908,0.000070767106,0.0000015968062,0.0002765194,0.00015144695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984775,0.00068650336,0.0007938978,0.0000048677352,0.00001420649,0.000007499841,2.1293636e-7,0.000007618909,0.000007649146],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916595,0.0000064207416,0.00019172173,0.00020537517,0.00012920526,0.00030132054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973,0.000046090063,0.00004315565,0.00011488793,0.000035173496,0.0000306792],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038350796,0.000093696704,0.00015470514,0.0006200008,0.000096034775,0.000022227028,0.00014380187,0.000086446395,0.0000047305066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024881266,0.00006913317,0.000005799721,0.0007711186,0.00042520132,0.00023307171,0.000069299625,0.00007777957,4.814974e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051666243,0.0000064019464,0.009961078,0.000022271795,0.0000031026061,0.0000032089695,0.000036573587,0.000015411802,0.9717329,0.0011218451,0.00004265991,0.01704934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014132979,0.00012386452,0.007142575,0.00018374722,0.0000038385356,0.000018530674,0.000037484224,0.000019592053,0.98939615,0.002769091,0.000066666864,0.000097124444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001707594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009670088,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017663216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004025756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021454693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2819169},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2337923778","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-096532-1.00109-6","title":"Residual Stress Measurements","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Residual stress; Residual; Section (typography); Point (geometry); Computer science; Characterization (materials science); Hole drilling method; Engineering; Materials science; Mathematics; Algorithm; Metallurgy; Geometry","score_opus":0.03243379565406835,"score_gpt":0.23500801503849444,"score_spread":0.2025742193844261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2337923778","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004863161,0.009362286,0.000008158292,0.000011066604,0.0005583067,0.00033917703,0.00009102559,0.0008821562,0.9886992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0040681157,0.0008495909,0.0008013919,0.00003716024,0.0012124247,0.00004008701,0.00004916549,0.0002616582,0.99268043],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984713,0.000011214452,0.0003669002,0.000258941,0.00045913886,0.00043248828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991495,0.00002456344,0.0000811357,0.0005215911,0.00005798543,0.00016523298],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014795938,0.0004999033,0.00043731742,0.00013412647,0.00007765112,0.00005039903,0.00034975098,0.00050066627,0.00043705414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060070893,0.00046274875,0.00015515389,0.000008282552,0.00006826796,0.00004400752,0.000109702705,0.0005368442,0.00020753246],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000038892576,0.00000549085,0.000022256598,0.00031896302,0.00020933975,0.000015867388,0.00006154847,0.000041562365,0.00009646756,0.00059877866,0.0050861132,0.99353975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000100018486,0.000021612268,0.00002380925,0.00075891596,0.00012182628,0.00000758228,0.0000016108833,0.0000015722284,0.008051624,0.0021368812,0.9882031,0.00057145284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.8291945e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001909736,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99296826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011286888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022805778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2344185495","doi":"10.1007/s11661-016-3523-6","title":"Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of 10-mm-Thick Cast Martensitic Stainless Steel CA6NM: As-Welded Microstructure and Mechanical Properties","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Charpy impact test; Metallurgy; Martensite; Microstructure; Composite material; Ferrite (magnet); Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Laser beam welding","score_opus":0.011843140775556874,"score_gpt":0.20020924198357434,"score_spread":0.18836610120801747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2344185495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834564,0.00028608838,0.015222643,0.000290403,0.00015706698,0.00020203504,0.00013513869,0.0001845748,0.00006565537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99755317,0.00094321853,0.0008795883,0.000017764436,0.000039310617,0.000028451417,0.0000034679026,0.00002805656,0.0005069583],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990746,0.000048053167,0.00030392903,0.00021802472,0.00011882276,0.00023656608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996462,0.000045626417,0.000033907247,0.00012677944,0.00004107816,0.000106420775],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000128779,0.00019182936,0.00038124004,0.000055321005,0.00010686207,0.00007838789,0.00007443714,0.00012189121,0.0009402455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011193297,0.00012148234,0.000053057294,0.000045119137,0.00014466154,0.00011842545,0.000019306948,0.00008032424,0.000004089407],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010811101,0.000032516447,4.15781e-7,0.00043689302,0.00010637053,0.000051673705,0.00005295574,0.00020877246,0.9965449,0.00018647559,0.00008615953,0.0021847624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046218434,0.00010326455,0.000072889205,0.00021844532,0.000095780684,0.0003816975,0.000046387377,0.00009781184,0.9933262,0.00064613373,0.0043299166,0.0002192866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001103727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002187639,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014343054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014464227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000101949245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997306},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2344643688","doi":"10.1007/s11665-016-2071-y","title":"Optimization of Fiber Laser Welding of DP980 Steels Using RSM to Improve Weld Properties for Formability","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Formability; Materials science; Welding; Indentation hardness; Laser beam welding; Dual-phase steel; Ultimate tensile strength; Composite material; Metallurgy; Microstructure","score_opus":0.013977844668849014,"score_gpt":0.21096855916251953,"score_spread":0.1969907144936705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2344643688","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9701335,0.00012423114,0.029233621,0.000017489476,0.000306353,0.00012826966,0.000024299952,0.000025279136,0.0000069843672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9766737,0.00024978878,0.022924095,0.0000015915435,0.00011452938,0.0000047736808,2.8034077e-7,0.000018868204,0.00001236998],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927914,0.000005384759,0.00044078362,0.000055035904,0.00008947119,0.00013018618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996095,0.00003669857,0.00012442436,0.00007964081,0.000109337845,0.000040444353],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030534272,0.000103356884,0.00026516902,0.000097188735,0.000019849038,0.000014141158,0.00007890707,0.00005866217,0.0000147646415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005310361,0.00006574448,0.000036052967,0.000047497306,0.000014339888,0.00023142014,0.000023146567,0.000033164866,1.1816624e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006274694,0.00000490855,0.000059052298,0.00089470524,0.000018439747,1.1546606e-7,0.00004689858,0.64198303,0.35630313,0.0000013089806,0.000017281705,0.0006084052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023896161,0.00022303172,0.00030051282,0.00093154376,0.000018159353,0.000008922732,0.0000053193457,0.012084608,0.98584276,0.0000034165073,0.00024899087,0.00009376006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000039394836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.0741714e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6298984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025997706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010237161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2680982},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2346178101","doi":"","title":"A residual stress study in similar and dissimilar welds","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Explore Bristol Research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Martensite; Ultimate tensile strength; Weld line; Composite material; Base metal; Neutron diffraction; Optical microscope; Metallurgy; Stress (linguistics); Diffraction; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscope; Optics","score_opus":0.11644503068276871,"score_gpt":0.37239893797694495,"score_spread":0.2559539072941762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2346178101","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99545395,0.0010478615,0.00014345015,0.000958002,0.000061869774,0.0005301747,0.000029852978,0.00029500198,0.0014798325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99798274,0.0011729638,0.00020908416,0.0000049354553,0.00011940888,0.00016339919,0.0000021385013,0.000050830033,0.00029447078],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980774,0.00018217087,0.00024897922,0.00034368274,0.0005722041,0.00057558424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990495,0.00032493446,0.000013142604,0.00039138895,0.00006886403,0.00015218464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008114998,0.0001705513,0.00022230246,0.00035812185,0.00011723549,0.00007378394,0.00033277823,0.00011596348,0.00007080788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023078658,0.00011830015,0.000023993744,0.0003759554,0.00016015308,0.00017722104,0.00024197274,0.00039730658,0.000019162218],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005187055,0.001807421,0.5619861,0.00084136956,0.00024112842,0.0033206104,0.013024082,0.000850881,0.013256393,0.0006823028,0.25787073,0.14560026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007911502,0.003819811,0.6462979,0.0034557104,0.00004523553,0.000058743226,0.023244414,0.0009771377,0.19672382,0.013439335,0.10113378,0.00289267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001760925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046580794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18346742,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011258874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026664306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.482414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2361535644","doi":"","title":"Investigation on ultrasonic crossjet for laser welding","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Schlieren; Welding; Laser beam welding; Ultrasonic sensor; Nozzle; Optics; Materials science; Aerodynamics; Laser; Ultrasonic welding; Schlieren photography; Schlieren imaging; Flow (mathematics); Acoustics; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Flow visualization; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.013317335614475343,"score_gpt":0.2204143500062286,"score_spread":0.20709701439175326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2361535644","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902456,0.00012967117,0.0032095218,0.00094936753,0.0001821018,0.00025146673,0.000026791946,0.0029143817,0.0020911002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99411064,0.000029539186,0.005194747,0.000059264807,0.00011434875,0.00012972343,0.000028949213,0.000038101818,0.00029467858],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993322,0.0000042952074,0.00015550127,0.00017220061,0.000063155436,0.0002726554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996588,0.00005746557,0.000025950294,0.00021203702,0.000023370278,0.000022365655],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000052294534,0.00013629731,0.0001316322,0.00018256904,0.00008499367,0.000025813315,0.00016153332,0.00027406396,0.000021324859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033366476,0.00012747389,0.00004052215,0.00024332482,0.00007560881,0.000047734342,0.000018221339,0.00016334027,0.000022327411],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007675967,0.0001619868,0.023861993,0.00065963104,0.00015082162,0.00005827466,0.00007699619,0.21227925,0.19757959,0.081764065,0.46571183,0.017618792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019803793,0.00007532073,0.00029608337,0.00004101662,0.000007639934,0.0000047836365,0.000009305852,0.00052049337,0.9236589,0.029881207,0.045153078,0.00015414042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023812227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050440358,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7260793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046910685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006123961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51982343},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2366730985","doi":"","title":"Applied Study of the Teaching-Playback Method for the Vacuum Electron Beam Welding","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CAE (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Electron beam welding; Welding; Groove (engineering); Electron gun; Cathode ray; Materials science; Beam (structure); Optics; Tracking (education); Electron; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Composite material; Metallurgy; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.016880721291915965,"score_gpt":0.26246372907136145,"score_spread":0.24558300777944547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2366730985","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66958046,0.0009280628,0.2696508,0.0008793169,0.00048811993,0.003952569,0.000009433477,0.0013393477,0.053171903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99184024,0.0000307029,0.0073872088,0.000032173975,0.00007599821,0.00010060474,2.8057715e-7,0.000026252937,0.0005065108],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937576,0.000022106538,0.00016819779,0.00011427519,0.00012461375,0.00019507337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993375,0.00030168743,0.00003139205,0.00030122625,0.00001160092,0.000016584669],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028038936,0.000116410614,0.000137871,0.000024368384,0.0001804876,0.000023635072,0.0003474195,0.000049450096,0.00005035601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017822684,0.000056778343,0.000064343774,0.000092601964,0.000011242127,0.00002176887,0.00005440778,0.00021133902,0.0000015478269],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075422446,0.0015438373,0.0014662832,0.0005139068,0.0016171166,0.0000016806156,0.009232971,0.3574941,0.1525853,0.022263315,0.38274392,0.07046216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00086788775,0.0003978444,0.0013516155,0.000033576875,0.00021504017,0.0000053589456,0.001545167,0.03902583,0.9165437,0.0014365193,0.038172293,0.00040512005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000666452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000031862113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76395845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019729556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000015773111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23153536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2385641091","doi":"","title":"INFLUENCE OF SURFACE-ACTIVE ELEMENTS ON FLUID FLOW OF MIG WELDPOOL","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"金属学报(英文版)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"L'Alliance Boviteq","funders":"","keywords":"Flow (mathematics); Fluid dynamics; Inert gas; Welding; Mechanics; Materials science; Inert; Weld pool; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Composite material; Physics; Arc welding; Gas tungsten arc welding","score_opus":0.007808687102221422,"score_gpt":0.22748749816238778,"score_spread":0.21967881106016635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2385641091","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965124,0.00012926734,0.0003228924,0.000030881693,0.000061484505,0.00015261011,0.000049933125,0.00015539351,0.0025851042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99575514,0.00013685397,0.004007482,0.000016330407,0.000020992506,0.000006041014,0.0000053993003,0.000021743088,0.000030008498],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992519,0.0000088821735,0.00025039146,0.00012044553,0.00018923619,0.00017914307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960256,0.00002942505,0.000052750464,0.00022453711,0.000048281752,0.000042432253],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005523341,0.00013150457,0.00019556102,0.000051871888,0.00002230699,0.000005353667,0.00017104934,0.00008153851,0.000041436902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026602553,0.000118558106,0.000053662716,0.0001399037,0.000045036275,0.000068448455,0.00003438948,0.000106790554,0.000012955958],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003295592,0.00007507522,0.0008102274,0.00016507409,0.00006468987,0.0000063976117,0.00044103974,0.9193526,0.07691185,0.0002635166,0.00064022496,0.0012363542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029961352,0.00016063408,0.008187506,0.0002331661,0.000011503374,0.000001070744,0.00005349422,0.00050262344,0.98921406,0.00030257963,0.0009011512,0.00013258687],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038169386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000304916,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91884995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005072386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015847005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4834659},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2392609975","doi":"","title":"Weldability and Welding Technique of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CAE (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Weldability; Duplex (building); Metallurgy; Materials science; Welding; Chemistry","score_opus":0.004205888941855114,"score_gpt":0.19118041532369398,"score_spread":0.18697452638183887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2392609975","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9350921,0.00042931447,0.03406879,0.000063983585,0.000044121298,0.00032216264,0.000013880878,0.0009342279,0.029031415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98621655,0.00007832162,0.013485927,0.0000041656285,0.000032832406,0.000023557972,0.0000029740936,0.000016922757,0.00013877642],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994257,0.000010517438,0.00020166428,0.00011923212,0.0000876815,0.0001552223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997087,0.000047584133,0.00002129885,0.00016518863,0.00002829421,0.000028941971],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012987225,0.000108875414,0.00015594123,0.00005883503,0.000031505493,0.000016144175,0.00008659475,0.000094013674,0.00007307293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008792855,0.00009055042,0.00002745479,0.00009531726,0.000057259695,0.000059154303,0.00004592973,0.00008996083,6.792357e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005624207,0.00040685254,0.08826983,0.004733368,0.0001437476,0.000044544548,0.00020147797,0.0674881,0.69472724,0.07207446,0.047071766,0.024782397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010724872,0.00003751228,0.0143655045,0.000056881338,0.000008663216,0.0000070355854,0.000044029195,0.0010018009,0.9737622,0.004085652,0.006320544,0.00020293561],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045536205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000058888767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27903497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021285916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004796246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3692539},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2393257046","doi":"","title":"Report of The 4 th Annual Canadian Welding Association CAN Weld Conference","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Association (psychology); Metallurgy; Materials science; Environmental science; Psychology","score_opus":0.005113128731155076,"score_gpt":0.19336848611577684,"score_spread":0.18825535738462176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2393257046","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921983,0.00008494872,0.0007620638,0.003673705,0.0014884059,0.00012923908,0.000025134315,0.000056537596,0.0015816682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986863,0.000033956105,0.0005574269,0.000113270966,0.00032384045,0.0000016807318,6.63636e-7,0.0000247478,0.0002581005],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984189,0.000106783,0.0005636142,0.00010717174,0.0004626815,0.00034082876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99854827,0.00014297082,0.00060321006,0.0003363699,0.0002474015,0.000121760524],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011749123,0.00016878369,0.0002910788,0.000045311463,0.00027690726,0.00007168888,0.0006706387,0.00019357934,0.000021116013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015577865,0.00010487028,0.00043645024,0.00022937881,0.0000611728,0.0001346399,0.000029034445,0.000613922,6.208406e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027537628,0.00014139315,0.27966303,0.0006951548,0.0021869196,0.000029448189,0.060271468,0.0630949,0.022488412,0.0019849206,0.553631,0.015785804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035700132,0.002016972,0.38827756,0.0066060764,0.0014832155,0.0024205274,0.03540151,0.0153183555,0.3497458,0.018864347,0.17303093,0.00326467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004284044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042987587,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3806001,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041545238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015349372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64762217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2393492547","doi":"","title":"Gliding Arc Plasma Generator Based on Laval Nozzle and Its Characteristics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Gao dianya jishu","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Waveform; Nozzle; Voltage; Arc (geometry); Mechanics; Volumetric flow rate; Plasma; Generator (circuit theory); Electric arc; Materials science; Sawtooth wave; Electrical engineering; Acoustics; Electrode; Power (physics); Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Telecommunications; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.013624473015714714,"score_gpt":0.21296021412166757,"score_spread":0.19933574110595287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2393492547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959945,0.00035573734,0.00032135373,0.00008338698,0.00045538333,0.00010685447,0.000055447257,0.00042461194,0.0022027444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980197,0.00019557003,0.0010545531,0.000088661254,0.00048281346,0.000017870601,0.000013528039,0.00003998386,0.00008729531],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993095,0.000012563558,0.00012555327,0.00011381625,0.00011330381,0.00032527337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962634,0.000051728155,0.00002107917,0.00013132374,0.00001564486,0.00015391211],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008824249,0.000150009,0.00014308612,0.00006114066,0.000070889335,0.000051252875,0.00008206047,0.00009885283,0.00008086116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004393931,0.00013817972,0.00003030912,0.00006802912,0.000012586273,0.00009277765,0.00002585001,0.00013600817,0.000038786286],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022407937,0.00096998166,0.22014074,0.0030929183,0.00038246953,0.00030203754,0.002036007,0.010442114,0.4472119,0.0056717517,0.22562613,0.08389988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005201705,0.0001129817,0.047476612,0.00023961229,0.00004275677,0.000016773893,0.000018305176,0.07202976,0.7779834,0.0000293627,0.10075911,0.0007710977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000050895883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022472166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33077157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029316023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007172982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56348056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2402266439","doi":"10.1080/17445302.2016.1149320","title":"Changes in residual stresses caused by an interruption in the weld process of ships and offshore structures","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ships and Offshore Structures","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Welding; Residual stress; Structural engineering; Materials science; Residual; Stress (linguistics); Metallurgy; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.021186109089330774,"score_gpt":0.27344880580285724,"score_spread":0.25226269671352647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2402266439","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99659824,0.002103158,0.000029519937,0.00057022757,0.00007558999,0.0002756126,0.00013631726,0.000087481254,0.00012386423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99847275,0.0011639564,0.000119880104,0.00003727722,0.00012320827,0.000019440417,0.00002492451,0.00003132803,0.000007251136],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872804,0.000098024495,0.00030006116,0.0003151561,0.0002366746,0.00032204555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994527,0.00013409898,0.000068680114,0.0002434166,0.00003183255,0.00006923212],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020858314,0.00028572764,0.00031757983,0.00019245535,0.0000637132,0.00007029936,0.0002939306,0.00022243429,0.000038481117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006182027,0.00015929334,0.000022351569,0.00017841502,0.00021296494,0.00017392072,0.0000548033,0.0002695091,7.969899e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007098157,0.00018492015,0.63705814,0.0039716316,0.00023971475,0.00011766178,0.034837708,0.001264718,0.065775916,0.010936959,0.0121806115,0.23272222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009651139,0.0004399413,0.74162126,0.00064120535,0.000041799678,0.000031167325,0.006315677,0.00011801688,0.21200417,0.036082707,0.0010672624,0.0006717051],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015127611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00725394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23205051,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020090432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014179408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6495794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2409263139","doi":"10.1115/imece2014-36482","title":"Comparison of Hardness and Microstructures Produced Using GMAW and Hot-Wire TIG Mechanized Welding of High Strength Steels","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Indentation hardness; Tungsten; Deposition (geology); Inert gas; Arc welding; Composite material; Microstructure","score_opus":0.015678401391934837,"score_gpt":0.264495832064961,"score_spread":0.2488174306730262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2409263139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960036,0.00041973134,0.003015004,0.000014375859,0.0001503983,0.00013833227,0.000010869386,0.00013459839,0.00011309199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820543,0.00006576335,0.017805925,0.0000030847611,0.00003176931,0.0000016828355,0.0000029537691,0.000021622587,0.000012929971],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931395,0.000021385302,0.00026108508,0.00015964995,0.00010148084,0.00014245915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996424,0.00004408783,0.000074635595,0.0001543366,0.0000416666,0.000042916596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000097863616,0.00014405428,0.00037858973,0.00007679137,0.00004550112,0.000023459897,0.00008250155,0.00009116294,0.000017530225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031092623,0.00011639314,0.000022228964,0.00008495389,0.000053663323,0.000058749938,0.000064702814,0.00008556068,5.9617555e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034147677,0.000028221657,0.007240528,0.0011029037,0.00007900593,5.8419994e-7,0.00047697444,0.00395062,0.9799116,0.0013579513,0.0005318184,0.005285627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026586393,0.000054060987,0.0028960705,0.00015200966,0.000029664061,0.000003798087,0.00012854277,0.005409336,0.9903691,0.00043703453,0.000114516755,0.00014001914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002546448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017305303,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014790921,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008236414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000047752746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47463745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2423064448","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.074","title":"Development of a Procedure to Characterize Residual Stresses Induced by Drilling","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Procedia CIRP","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques","keywords":"Residual stress; Hole drilling method; Deep hole drilling; Residual; Drilling; Materials science; Diffractometer; Electropolishing; Strain gauge; Microstructure; Characterization (materials science); Sample (material); Structural material; Structural engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Metallurgy; Engineering; Algorithm; Physics; Scanning electron microscope; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.019764508365461387,"score_gpt":0.2297082626266468,"score_spread":0.2099437542611854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2423064448","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996818,0.00015198541,0.0013999522,0.0002402032,0.00009885542,0.00026131453,0.000037819027,0.0004857254,0.0005061149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907541,0.00008691792,0.00878863,0.000023601717,0.000110538465,0.000110121364,0.000008012047,0.000043017928,0.00007504838],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898225,0.0000049089117,0.00030504883,0.00020920506,0.00020570194,0.00029287173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958104,0.000040218318,0.000051008257,0.0001462886,0.00006821259,0.00011320982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000831566,0.0001788854,0.00020247394,0.0000906886,0.000048898462,0.000020132098,0.00021924585,0.00010788033,0.000035304824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000109262975,0.00012644276,0.000024173212,0.00016485015,0.000015693322,0.00010378498,0.000060707436,0.000076054166,0.000016848917],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014985921,0.000028853043,0.00051922794,0.00034616946,0.000032358177,0.0000011868458,0.00077175297,0.00000941908,0.9682138,0.000031418487,0.006234412,0.023796445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014323923,0.00003595765,0.0028064165,0.00045132884,0.000006147378,0.0000017877622,0.000039512117,0.0000047874337,0.9806847,0.000054020053,0.0155409165,0.00023118666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033438291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012049399,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023565257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045564713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000063666004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5156186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2428420917","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2016.1194735","title":"Fatigue life assessment of weld joints manufactured by GMAW and CW-GMAW processes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Materials science; Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Heat-affected zone","score_opus":0.011217201525801166,"score_gpt":0.25630739752631393,"score_spread":0.24509019600051277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2428420917","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98950136,0.0009980096,0.0066765137,0.0012978953,0.00006248254,0.000097214615,0.0000059248314,0.00031386295,0.0010467229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99072045,0.00065916334,0.008568656,0.000016605334,0.000008073026,0.000007788561,1.8498282e-7,0.0000092532755,0.0000098169985],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903345,0.000005524512,0.0002370016,0.00024143093,0.00021574344,0.0002668728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949944,0.0000712779,0.00008717294,0.00016953975,0.00010506667,0.00006751991],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003625033,0.0001217252,0.00021752041,0.00034770995,0.00013761512,0.000022736409,0.00023983163,0.000111337715,0.000010704578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033092318,0.000085516025,0.000012249215,0.0005796618,0.0009246499,0.00024938336,0.00013201695,0.00010570359,1.9730456e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000054818634,0.000036713,0.08067119,0.000411238,0.0000398621,0.000003957721,0.00019248477,0.00007701758,0.8523079,0.004224167,0.0010854064,0.060944553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021087154,0.00012887201,0.00436538,0.0003765386,0.000009447629,0.000011975967,0.00024332808,0.00011852879,0.99170053,0.0021436329,0.0005490872,0.00014182068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012437058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028863178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13939258,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018173765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066095665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34872425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2463595223","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-21765-9_27","title":"Comparative Analysis of Shot-Peened Residual Stresses Using Micro-Hole Drilling, Micro-Slot Cutting, X-ray Diffraction Methods and Finite-Element Modelling","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Conference proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Residual stress; Finite element method; Materials science; Shot (pellet); Drilling; Peening; Diffraction; Shot peening; Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.10373938468049844,"score_gpt":0.3477394522616438,"score_spread":0.2440000675811454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2463595223","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41012448,0.043514684,0.52186596,0.0001234952,0.0015350339,0.0065143816,0.0026477962,0.00094551867,0.012728653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6866478,0.0015365675,0.31025308,0.000015274903,0.000110929344,0.00005898466,0.00007769155,0.00011841694,0.001181266],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981428,0.000008201175,0.00071340555,0.00045928833,0.00036967464,0.000306624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982693,0.00011975532,0.0007337781,0.00019309745,0.00059487455,0.00008919707],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000406616,0.00052690017,0.0010615966,0.00015117596,0.00018985974,0.00008465681,0.000437467,0.00043789553,0.000026116595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020658037,0.00045470105,0.0007885863,0.00015442642,0.0001437559,0.00015325502,0.00030600515,0.00035532375,1.1805749e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073614996,0.00008076696,0.000007846491,0.0008403716,0.004492052,1.1449372e-7,0.0068918,0.0900761,0.883233,0.01331833,0.0008045187,0.00018148312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021253117,0.00012175801,3.7791344e-7,0.0004966158,0.001447762,6.3362614e-7,0.0031028986,0.34148026,0.6489128,0.0029611327,0.0009192843,0.000343981],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038172133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018708691,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2765233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022114394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056505465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2469224221","doi":"","title":"Overview of Laser and Linear Friction Welding Processes for Ti-5553","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Laser; Metallurgy; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.026056045481822374,"score_gpt":0.2579565161894934,"score_spread":0.231900470707671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2469224221","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97886086,0.0022739833,0.009592075,0.00030995786,0.00012880363,0.0005084443,0.000019600768,0.00046529283,0.007840972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833026,0.0015910299,0.014882638,0.000012176555,0.00006614372,0.00005952046,0.0000027456983,0.000015095286,0.000068030145],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99971294,0.0000025411912,0.00009227886,0.00006360514,0.000039866754,0.00008878724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980986,0.000043621498,0.00001694429,0.000058824844,0.00004732905,0.000023390734],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003192812,0.000059126938,0.00008918961,0.00002755445,0.000025708468,0.000012502529,0.000041545867,0.00004461228,0.000086091204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003103054,0.000048839265,0.00001608551,0.00006816684,0.000011044635,0.00007968373,0.00001396393,0.000034647495,0.0000021768415],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050762337,0.00026335556,0.012258459,0.03791936,0.00036698897,0.000003433826,0.0012868756,0.016271044,0.41407517,0.004865592,0.35215122,0.16048773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023637927,0.00010178876,0.0020241286,0.0003544263,0.000025875872,0.0000032748828,0.000045015233,0.004946248,0.95040447,0.012297099,0.029358128,0.00020315156],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013718395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025860547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5363293,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005786867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004117853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19916075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2473487512","doi":"10.1007/s00170-016-8910-z","title":"Influence of cold-wire tandem submerged arc welding parameters on weld geometry and microhardness of microalloyed pipeline steels","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"EVRAZ (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Indentation hardness; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Submerged arc welding; Austenite; Dilution; Composite material; Microstructure","score_opus":0.0066328702017184145,"score_gpt":0.226245406107334,"score_spread":0.2196125359056156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2473487512","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99596906,0.0004129425,0.0020123038,0.0011651008,0.00022776709,0.00009397204,0.000014709819,0.00007468923,0.000029471945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943628,0.0019036199,0.0036230634,0.000025812215,0.000032280343,0.00000353383,3.0884345e-7,0.000019586943,0.000029032875],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989332,0.000014917016,0.0005153507,0.000113257905,0.00025424184,0.00016906057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990272,0.00021194213,0.00037842654,0.00018788752,0.00016216721,0.00003235791],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020766356,0.000152217,0.00029933007,0.0004666872,0.000027833365,0.0000089545165,0.00071364746,0.000116919524,0.000006261459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016767018,0.0000928299,0.000070781556,0.0000973904,0.00019773601,0.000119408185,0.00013128774,0.00025329858,5.0311e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001489173,0.000032395455,0.0010273088,0.00004312404,0.00018509572,0.000023007802,0.000032756514,0.07425881,0.90618414,0.00031031968,0.00016243059,0.017591685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005597205,0.00013221822,0.0021271363,0.00062350463,0.000017729002,0.00007885518,0.000048929684,0.00001168141,0.99277455,0.002445375,0.001077602,0.00010270413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006480196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034315794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.086590394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007472193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013150279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37854934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2505860036","doi":"10.1080/02670836.2016.1200285","title":"Prediction of welding stresses in WIC test and its application in pipelines","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Government; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation","keywords":"Welding; Residual stress; Materials science; Pipeline transport; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Stress (linguistics); Cracking; Work (physics); Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.009840076304081506,"score_gpt":0.21919033014377873,"score_spread":0.20935025383969721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2505860036","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990676,0.00020843204,0.00017560045,0.0002829445,0.000028845308,0.0000770299,0.0000068138606,0.00011437486,0.00003834512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992214,0.0005731366,0.00017733956,0.0000012733021,0.000006675827,0.000016476395,1.1198114e-7,0.0000024329875,0.0000011707384],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965066,0.000002287799,0.0001121107,0.000096830874,0.00004249827,0.00009563516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998791,0.0000184762,0.000015877222,0.00005567814,0.000022189422,0.0000086446935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016046273,0.000037364807,0.0000682214,0.00026649883,0.000017656963,0.00000830713,0.00007116555,0.00004720632,0.0000021356036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000107556414,0.00002622183,0.0000012654692,0.0003558774,0.00014471292,0.0001169239,0.00003892026,0.00001543988,3.2756225e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.77235e-7,0.0000049680048,0.027595853,0.000021299162,1.8289903e-7,3.7974925e-7,0.000008524606,0.000006181367,0.96553826,0.0010473252,0.0000021384128,0.0057741036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007963327,0.000023436694,0.02285005,0.000069841924,5.502364e-7,0.000003960034,0.000021132582,0.00013638273,0.97460425,0.0021513475,0.000030832798,0.000028586299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002015008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001880472,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009065979,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011309141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000054469883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10692952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2513660736","doi":"10.1109/plasma.2016.7534013","title":"High-speed imaging and electrical diagnostics of interacting arcs in dual-cathode electric arc furnace","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Cathode; Anode; Electric arc; Voltage; Arc (geometry); Materials science; Electrode; Electrical engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.006888085809488664,"score_gpt":0.226765224185201,"score_spread":0.21987713837571235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2513660736","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889959,0.0011174238,0.008339093,0.00022732046,0.000103464336,0.000093409355,0.0000021007336,0.00025255955,0.00086872693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919845,0.0029708587,0.0049115526,0.000010856278,0.00006144334,0.0000038009573,5.3088513e-7,0.000022854043,0.000033642944],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992385,0.00002114519,0.000246796,0.00013641514,0.00009613394,0.00026101372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884146,0.00094118353,0.00003495643,0.000110545334,0.000024794272,0.000047077203],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012266243,0.00012026149,0.00018366877,0.00019090826,0.000016911426,0.000017095977,0.00006340189,0.00004771008,0.000022381586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004212692,0.00008261642,0.000021300557,0.00023728542,0.000019617926,0.00009579788,0.0000459444,0.00014485842,0.0000020146013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043872667,0.00012590806,0.06563585,0.00017646885,0.000050674455,0.0001773459,0.00028596565,0.0010887933,0.75738364,0.0031718088,0.009383474,0.16247618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005122226,0.000063073945,0.019086467,0.00036730833,0.000016325113,0.00007799471,0.000027361064,0.006386614,0.97024107,0.002284856,0.0006164843,0.0003202015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007540703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002316382,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21285744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053567597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007725903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33689997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2525012002","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2016.09.099","title":"Mechanical properties of 75% Ar /25% CO2 flux-cored arc welded E309L austenitic stainless steel","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Engineering A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Hydro-Québec; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Austenitic stainless steel; Austenite; Metallurgy; Weldability; Isotropy; Plasticity; Composite material; Submerged arc welding; Arc welding; Heat-affected zone; Microstructure","score_opus":0.015157879565852694,"score_gpt":0.19847233332918385,"score_spread":0.18331445376333116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2525012002","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975751,0.00012646185,0.0012653932,0.00007020965,0.00034195738,0.00014242761,0.000017806358,0.0003700686,0.00009056009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99858606,0.000101686004,0.0011248884,0.000006223994,0.000060669554,0.000029600642,5.859643e-7,0.00002373131,0.00006653793],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989023,0.000009119474,0.0002512386,0.0002002136,0.00026907743,0.00036805184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956775,0.000026973907,0.000027687634,0.00020071148,0.00007961837,0.0000972487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038375577,0.0001643109,0.00024851377,0.00013687398,0.000065322296,0.00008294958,0.00025962715,0.000070443675,0.000035431443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001256457,0.000104643776,0.000020806714,0.0001868557,0.00017542177,0.00019984812,0.00010085372,0.000045192686,0.0000053670033],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006512015,0.0000068525114,0.0000061501855,0.0002615067,0.000007399318,0.0000036939568,0.00006248937,0.00061151886,0.9978754,0.00065837713,0.000085262785,0.00041483832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015844128,0.00005198877,0.00044184655,0.00041962962,0.000009052231,0.000012710622,0.000033029457,0.00081225345,0.99743474,0.00008667245,0.00035836117,0.00018127728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022908005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.824794e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010109609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047589674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026003161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42672494},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2527262154","doi":"10.11159/mmme16.128","title":"Optimization of Welding Speed Using Mahalanobis Distance Method on a Vertical-Position Welding Process","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Mahalanobis distance; Welding; Position (finance); Process (computing); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.008097586078113068,"score_gpt":0.23312327138837047,"score_spread":0.2250256853102574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2527262154","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957127,0.000009012111,0.0030941844,0.0001361423,0.00039310716,0.00020818152,0.000013629937,0.00023953755,0.00019353707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866753,0.00004493357,0.013113045,0.0000106165635,0.00009235714,0.000011204043,5.357838e-7,0.000041522915,0.000010447871],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989709,0.0000048112374,0.00034339196,0.00022698894,0.00020699423,0.00024688654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995777,0.00008235887,0.00008048816,0.000107434644,0.00007849247,0.000073543764],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001525576,0.00020884418,0.00028804605,0.000111271824,0.00005105612,0.000048325564,0.00023137048,0.00009007211,0.000019929224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001104302,0.00014165165,0.00006147386,0.00024143231,0.000045612454,0.00015937105,0.00007435512,0.000103054226,1.8738537e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000092856964,0.000023374872,0.000014190702,0.00038623097,0.00002602627,3.6838617e-7,0.000005482706,0.03462513,0.9597414,0.004888092,0.000027615646,0.00016924094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028153587,0.00004018311,0.0000047545964,0.0015559036,0.00003297221,0.000005404916,0.000010940965,0.043649767,0.9538253,0.00037877762,0.00003562198,0.00017884589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000024807846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.1677248e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010018861,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058041885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000459192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5776386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2532000398","doi":"10.1115/ipc2000-101","title":"Challenges of Hot Tapping Into a Sour Gas Transmission Line","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Chevron (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Pipeline transport; Metallurgy; Materials science; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01860036051579645,"score_gpt":0.24004415846170843,"score_spread":0.22144379794591199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2532000398","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70785534,0.018997477,0.03276544,0.0017805384,0.00007974887,0.00027448923,0.0000025067443,0.0023486859,0.2358958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767649,0.012901101,0.010010847,0.000008265404,0.00004574208,0.0000042336314,7.994688e-7,0.00001535756,0.00024871068],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99961793,0.0000055880264,0.00012337501,0.00007762841,0.00007040623,0.00010505038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983203,0.000014603799,0.0000069508187,0.00010014505,0.000009167324,0.000037093254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000044533936,0.000077560835,0.000109490116,0.00003595946,0.000018286302,0.0000049529485,0.00008141372,0.00006310891,0.0005985293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000018521263,0.0000596619,0.000037631336,0.000053388394,0.000011962748,0.00003294555,0.000005610132,0.000064166125,0.0000073025058],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021030657,0.00003741306,0.0000070549427,0.00038832423,0.000026795291,0.0000048406005,0.00070125243,0.016546475,0.02410076,0.0004516484,0.0014049461,0.95630944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030728313,0.00017657214,0.00060742086,0.0005397495,0.00001758404,0.000009863369,0.0001513375,0.0132639455,0.8708288,0.0037858298,0.10997509,0.00033650573],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000043076827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013000669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95597297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006703243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000026316322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65534765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2536311096","doi":"","title":"Investigating the Effects of Controllable Parameters on Cold-wire Gas Tungsten Arc Weld Bead Geometry","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Tungsten; Materials science; Arc (geometry); Geometry; Bead; Welding; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering; Composite material; Mathematics","score_opus":0.006807199315836423,"score_gpt":0.18277398990496016,"score_spread":0.17596679058912373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2536311096","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99742055,0.0007446528,0.0000056261842,0.00014187345,0.00037684132,0.00043368046,0.00002599475,0.00016499417,0.0006858056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97449374,0.000369564,0.0010157637,0.000012919525,0.000043589924,0.0000024163105,0.00009825938,0.000051938943,0.023911782],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999036,0.000049389782,0.00014292507,0.00018423569,0.0002779971,0.00030941766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990277,0.00028889786,0.00020140871,0.00031912813,0.00007262389,0.00009018726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012796461,0.00026381994,0.0004726768,0.00021531999,0.00014078316,0.000016589242,0.00040301244,0.00031891253,0.00002815666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057134945,0.00022955902,0.00016939791,0.00022278269,0.000106673666,0.00010209597,0.000042657517,0.00035683985,0.000009499749],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005629481,0.0005188997,0.010244506,0.035662696,0.004157385,0.00014015473,0.17203917,0.025634184,0.6541924,0.0015914966,0.07664019,0.018615996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013742821,0.00062017166,0.010328512,0.0042806705,0.00081388326,0.0000025728518,0.031449344,0.0006767897,0.94812155,0.00029173237,0.0011564622,0.0008840022],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010783627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027573814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2939292,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005926728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020189927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99580365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2549467658","doi":"10.2351/1.4967510","title":"Factors controlling keyhole-induced porosity in cold wire laser welded aluminum","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Red River College","funders":"","keywords":"Keyhole; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Porosity; Welding; Weld pool; Metallurgy; Laser; Composite material; Plume; Aluminium; Heat-affected zone; Arc welding; Optics; Gas tungsten arc welding","score_opus":0.020166737311363692,"score_gpt":0.24994453935917757,"score_spread":0.22977780204781387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2549467658","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862561,0.00008854721,0.012197425,0.000582047,0.00008048469,0.00020922562,0.00002302312,0.000095045194,0.00046809838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99904305,0.00011697535,0.00053936953,0.0000249834,0.00013327942,0.000029140838,0.0000012196516,0.0000204792,0.0000914831],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991854,0.000016720594,0.00037753145,0.00008758687,0.0001605461,0.0001722201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940515,0.00013480723,0.00012065494,0.00016532502,0.00007690899,0.00009714595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015930501,0.00012024071,0.00022306648,0.00012025817,0.000050271676,0.000025660329,0.00022397898,0.00009748145,0.000033635308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002196936,0.000077385506,0.000087281325,0.00016448295,0.000020690402,0.00014221795,0.000019597008,0.00017773593,0.0000071410122],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082482824,0.00058296404,0.06586356,0.00015614823,0.0003138465,0.000058698184,0.00037865102,0.012741371,0.88430494,0.001031814,0.02496485,0.009520704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090240187,0.00005587322,0.01148941,0.00016341206,0.00003325135,0.00000859218,0.00006281137,0.00007944674,0.96251965,0.00063177996,0.023851521,0.00020186334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000132894975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045473997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07821473,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009363114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023636094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31556892},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2550679910","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1305","title":"Technical Challenges in Narrow-Gap Root Pass Welding during Tandem and Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of a Thick Martensitic Stainless Steel","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Metallurgy; Groove (engineering); Martensitic stainless steel; Martensite; Arc welding; Composite material; Microstructure","score_opus":0.019129109559547358,"score_gpt":0.23475373288396595,"score_spread":0.2156246233244186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2550679910","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972724,0.000611885,0.00016217567,0.0008811667,0.00024182918,0.00020754995,0.000021037527,0.00026948092,0.00033248749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99866843,0.00056820794,0.00064317347,0.0000064270516,0.000046648518,0.000028787805,4.3364295e-7,0.000026781643,0.000011115438],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99826825,0.00003458354,0.00038482505,0.00035672254,0.00031813697,0.0006375083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942964,0.000085144726,0.0000723935,0.0002691153,0.00004486825,0.00009882658],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008611974,0.00019693564,0.00034462087,0.0002637675,0.00014668958,0.000088660905,0.00034879512,0.000089654866,0.000025556981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000116325005,0.00014219528,0.000028254388,0.00019783761,0.00033233128,0.00036592994,0.00027652207,0.000087805725,0.0000021732858],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014654362,0.000016330921,0.0015474391,0.0002322648,0.000003992843,0.00003188165,0.00006786612,0.0003172863,0.99627995,0.0005667592,0.00003937802,0.00088222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026847303,0.0000611617,0.015542588,0.000670828,0.000006300865,0.00004004303,0.00015792352,0.00004311997,0.9813946,0.001489646,0.00010233046,0.00022302213],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026315267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006915389,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014885364,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001108399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027558674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5798555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2555421797","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1800","title":"Measurement of Residual Stresses in Linear Friction Welded In-Service Inconel 718 Superalloy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Nuclear Laboratories","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Inconel; Welding; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Friction welding; Composite material; Microstructure; Alloy","score_opus":0.018618767265993725,"score_gpt":0.237472866522377,"score_spread":0.21885409925638327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2555421797","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983034,0.000066202876,0.00014501343,0.0005434064,0.00045020643,0.00015409193,0.000019518026,0.000114409566,0.00020375237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991306,0.000118572796,0.00065549294,0.000014695984,0.00003881243,0.000021787539,7.735117e-7,0.000012102008,0.0000071627073],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871933,0.000023903438,0.0003400905,0.00018982371,0.0003751392,0.0003517205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962157,0.000017013075,0.000038773396,0.00019289507,0.00008988344,0.00003986023],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067983125,0.000114805174,0.000185244,0.00024474488,0.000041196163,0.00003313856,0.00031284866,0.000064630585,0.00006354469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008041393,0.00007965643,0.000012366806,0.00043397615,0.000084430336,0.00031571643,0.000100934245,0.000037970574,0.00000831982],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000138603555,0.000023401151,0.0037946138,0.00006649357,0.0000015808901,0.000002120074,0.000059164602,0.00083932263,0.99463165,0.00011258343,0.00016031718,0.0002949218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002382401,0.00004389753,0.021667473,0.0004045041,0.0000015712367,0.0000010746105,0.000075601994,0.000048119673,0.97684693,0.00035216153,0.00020587919,0.0001145483],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00080610276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010102766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017872859,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001396846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005242463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3248295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2558510597","doi":"10.1115/pvp2016-63285","title":"Modelling of a Stud Arc Welding Joint for Temperature Field, Microstructure Evolution and Residual Stress","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Johannes Hübner Stiftung","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Materials science; Microstructure; Stress (linguistics); Joint (building); Austenite; Structural engineering; Work (physics); Mechanical engineering; Thermal; Metallurgy; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.015060000871218105,"score_gpt":0.21496599387827456,"score_spread":0.19990599300705644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2558510597","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76559615,0.0007985454,0.23254037,0.0002659237,0.000103278755,0.00023596756,0.000073257645,0.0002150647,0.00017146717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98387367,0.00024965408,0.015613027,0.0000086620375,0.000102385275,0.000013006192,0.0000030303743,0.000018724997,0.00011784082],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994386,0.0000068048266,0.00017208378,0.00013980335,0.00007735099,0.00016536233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996865,0.00008327332,0.000025785876,0.000121628706,0.00004687025,0.000035947225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000061778985,0.000118067845,0.00015496206,0.00006126549,0.00005175606,0.000019804904,0.00006912048,0.00013970776,0.000013197792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022325998,0.000073211966,0.000036984216,0.000046584657,0.000023428616,0.0000731313,0.000032770447,0.00007393967,2.0477746e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009188937,0.000027637629,0.0017546688,0.0010707212,0.0001359452,0.0000034150653,0.0003492161,0.10165571,0.8692934,0.004948037,0.016289482,0.0043798625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036002175,0.00010115808,0.00025416602,0.00040009196,0.000018321474,0.000005330847,0.00010172611,0.005055445,0.9890216,0.004142588,0.00035463975,0.00018493606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003777554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015784924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21827754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022075814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000069890566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29854974},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589472906","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1288889","title":"Pulse profile and metal transfer in pulsed gas metal arc welding: droplet formation, detachment and velocity","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Current (fluid); Dimensionless quantity; Mass transfer; Pulse (music); Mechanics; Arc (geometry); Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Optics; Arc welding; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.013890619551362634,"score_gpt":0.24693027842441123,"score_spread":0.2330396588730486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2589472906","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961897,0.00053349265,0.0012410278,0.0008088103,0.00005001038,0.00014753101,0.0000023948403,0.00015945293,0.0008675679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949315,0.00032062494,0.004704852,0.000008279688,0.000007577244,0.000015458863,3.590444e-7,0.0000071853474,0.0000041491653],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990842,0.00000710164,0.00021615847,0.0002310798,0.00016494862,0.00029651076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996396,0.000021702856,0.000042544292,0.00019344011,0.000047662914,0.000055088676],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006718884,0.00012262266,0.00021272796,0.0004157661,0.00045812558,0.000094629344,0.00023719585,0.00009697525,0.0000062416175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016573838,0.00010882586,0.000014517662,0.00027906327,0.00089009036,0.0006303706,0.00014489004,0.00017980236,2.779458e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029505158,0.000074821226,0.13114773,0.00046217005,0.000069331356,0.0000464858,0.0021895573,0.00022566319,0.58120906,0.016288932,0.00005782172,0.26819894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047730576,0.0001320863,0.020046962,0.00016380205,0.00002223372,0.000081825834,0.0005861289,0.006188729,0.96845126,0.0034288154,0.00019880058,0.00022206055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039202438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024947702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38724223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022171154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018450826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44377896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2590981015","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2017.51007","title":"Experimental Investigation of Laser Welding Process in Butt-Joint Configurations","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Taguchi methods; Composite material; Penetration depth; Electric resistance welding; Laser power scaling; Laser; Heat-affected zone; Galvanization; Butt welding; Butt joint; Metallurgy; Optics","score_opus":0.012246431907305578,"score_gpt":0.2417228915741524,"score_spread":0.22947645966684682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2590981015","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99781346,0.0009139774,0.0005254919,0.00028105054,0.00010651787,0.00004236929,0.0000010239455,0.000072625124,0.0002434785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99789554,0.0000888057,0.001960836,0.0000015083193,0.00003052175,0.0000040361283,2.623948e-7,0.000010905666,0.0000075974235],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999536,0.0000024511228,0.0002535819,0.000050608796,0.00005869925,0.00009865446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997037,0.0000138254945,0.00010749294,0.00010603761,0.00004011763,0.000028821187],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008946803,0.00007745989,0.00017475818,0.0004801007,0.000038337872,0.00002009594,0.00013069213,0.00006605343,0.0000046599316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005971053,0.00007159643,0.000019208026,0.000121825906,0.00006004293,0.0001161174,0.000021874903,0.0002080472,1.3439204e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014118029,0.000050493098,0.019492064,0.00041249584,0.000105169056,0.000087837594,0.0005123682,0.19393854,0.77727145,0.0055679455,0.0004129178,0.0021345736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022311987,0.000047268593,0.0031826184,0.00034847987,0.0000060881307,0.000041585765,0.00007363719,0.0018735279,0.9931283,0.0007421366,0.0002528801,0.00008036188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003873911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004161951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21585682,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001949876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008819841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29196176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593529668","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2017.03.038","title":"Residual stress analysis in linear friction welded in-service Inconel 718 superalloy via neutron diffraction and contour method approaches","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Engineering A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; Hydro-Québec; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Canadian Nuclear Laboratories","keywords":"Residual stress; Inconel; Materials science; Superalloy; Welding; Neutron diffraction; Diffraction; Residual; Stress (linguistics); Composite material; Structural engineering; Computer science; Optics; Microstructure; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.023739796730918555,"score_gpt":0.2542482241117261,"score_spread":0.23050842738080754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2593529668","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99673474,0.000078087374,0.0026078506,0.000112612266,0.00019189778,0.000109617715,0.000008412746,0.00011897935,0.000037788286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99425006,0.00015624527,0.00546937,0.0000058219207,0.000072158815,0.000024464976,0.000004054771,0.0000130371445,0.0000047764315],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991228,0.000016904778,0.0002065595,0.00025760257,0.00013371084,0.00026245083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962777,0.0000302259,0.000037110305,0.00021844682,0.00002567924,0.000060790513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006445205,0.00014729676,0.00025964878,0.00037493822,0.00014433014,0.00029567865,0.00018960392,0.000091410104,0.0000045143306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055645964,0.00013609875,0.000012635208,0.0003133109,0.000046424793,0.00050206,0.00009680002,0.000106229316,5.14186e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001632439,0.00002008973,0.008313194,0.00021632989,0.000027292315,0.000007078211,0.00042119087,0.16830815,0.82160014,0.000048874892,0.0000060187417,0.001015315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024565097,0.000022282245,0.61083513,0.00008416372,0.000034258628,0.0000050210547,0.00008985169,0.16839556,0.22000252,0.000028270353,0.000031622112,0.00022563542],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025144804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005136106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60252196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005764526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009617262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5549946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2594274370","doi":"10.1115/pvp2005-71322","title":"Introduction of the Element Interaction Technique for Welding Analysis and Simulation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Butt welding; Fillet (mechanics); Mechanical engineering; Finite element method; Electric resistance welding; Residual stress; Arc welding; Materials science; Structural engineering; Engineering drawing; Engineering; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.008259260471169767,"score_gpt":0.26272182245985803,"score_spread":0.2544625619886883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2594274370","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1197634,0.00002934908,0.87900174,0.0004878119,0.000048743357,0.000262361,0.000001973766,0.00011335546,0.0002912892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98251265,0.000026084746,0.017235016,0.0000050116273,0.00014059583,0.00002669327,0.0000028489453,0.0000046754994,0.00004642436],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99974257,0.000004864069,0.00010962275,0.00005720571,0.00003939365,0.000046324447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998457,0.000024937202,0.00002387689,0.00007677643,0.000021611579,0.0000071064546],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007724774,0.000040266143,0.00005970435,0.00007312674,0.000028934837,0.000008313597,0.000029048331,0.000027550712,0.000036207475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000127848625,0.00002737343,0.00003896273,0.00015204742,0.000006910334,0.00006209984,0.000011346649,0.000032019107,1.0831963e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031954717,0.000005525115,0.00040727403,0.000025049594,0.000058411028,4.1978745e-9,0.00002208651,0.96900105,0.02242962,0.00012618615,0.000855167,0.0070664217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003092798,0.00001143897,0.00095048116,0.0000056020017,0.00007152607,2.8939553e-7,0.000016274353,0.17219089,0.8131698,0.000103881226,0.013411387,0.000037509624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013279746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000033564364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8627493,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026493179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.733588e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.111625604},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2599462877","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2017.1306014","title":"Residual stresses in cold-wire gas metal arc welding","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Base metal; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Arc welding; Shielded metal arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Composite material; Arc (geometry); Gas tungsten arc welding; Manganese; Heat-affected zone; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.014375375849990343,"score_gpt":0.25751385405528704,"score_spread":0.2431384782052967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2599462877","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935814,0.000711252,0.00014289333,0.0010330172,0.00014571483,0.00008921455,0.0000019185288,0.0003742946,0.003920298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937611,0.00030834397,0.005864392,0.000008109349,0.000026057312,0.000008886471,1.3579134e-7,0.000012161387,0.000010814574],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987882,0.000006790477,0.00024230589,0.00028760027,0.0002459661,0.00042917745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993327,0.00004698424,0.00009461753,0.00039713204,0.00007319335,0.000055325258],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006826191,0.00013806166,0.00023565064,0.0006770412,0.0005746466,0.00011796086,0.00067597674,0.0001269515,0.000007663953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005807214,0.00013005736,0.000019736395,0.000534702,0.0012336189,0.0005087321,0.00030923338,0.0002547252,0.0000010489725],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001344502,0.000055682613,0.2749376,0.00019646013,0.000042123567,0.00012230875,0.00053841906,0.0016581878,0.5979934,0.037842046,0.00036038077,0.08623994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023341837,0.00008284625,0.009245068,0.00034625476,0.000009126952,0.000026311302,0.00061806635,0.0005773157,0.9840662,0.00410088,0.0004941103,0.00020039355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000070506205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041586223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3860728,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033772703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045382207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53035855},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2600393403","doi":"10.21741/9781945291173-7","title":"Residual Stress Measurements Inside a Small Inner Diameter Hole at Low Bragg Angle Using X-Ray Diffraction Technique","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials research proceedings","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PROTO Manufacturing (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Goniometer; Residual stress; Diffraction; Optics; X-ray crystallography; Ceramic; X-ray; Stress (linguistics); Bragg's law; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.09423756123158701,"score_gpt":0.3162697653212374,"score_spread":0.2220322040896504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2600393403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99625206,0.00007522311,0.000757142,0.00014425385,0.00020907493,0.00097087986,0.00008127375,0.00075078104,0.00075934024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99433523,0.00018660066,0.004004444,0.000015578786,0.00046895162,0.00044139058,0.000008813303,0.00013329486,0.00040566706],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972386,0.0000839513,0.00044608995,0.00048654995,0.00081536244,0.0009294409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893546,0.000097818374,0.000085737374,0.00025636525,0.0004409274,0.00018371046],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014851715,0.00031678154,0.00034538997,0.00045211465,0.00030296273,0.0003284222,0.0004341798,0.0003176515,0.00032300464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038823232,0.00022494986,0.000052075036,0.0003727151,0.00016929324,0.00047362692,0.00044275043,0.0002565333,0.000057318888],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007100914,0.000051365667,0.0013958695,0.00045035215,0.000036363275,0.000010332456,0.00011454918,0.000038067024,0.99209696,0.000015136166,0.005184333,0.00053568615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032363055,0.00011361372,0.002605449,0.0011364942,0.000010032947,0.000009794317,0.000043026466,0.00001966897,0.9931827,0.00030927776,0.0019173265,0.00032894016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022018557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026011963,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032670063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060768006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034667504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91731894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2604111090","doi":"10.1115/pvp2010-25981","title":"Welding Induced Distortions and Strains of a Built-Up Panel: Experiment and Numerical Validation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Cladding (metalworking); Finite element method; Distortion (music); Residual stress; Structural engineering; Residual; Composite material; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.03164825156022996,"score_gpt":0.2750223047189164,"score_spread":0.24337405315868646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2604111090","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99159014,0.000046205114,0.006942846,0.000061668594,0.00009977204,0.00006810483,0.000002737081,0.00017221809,0.0010163196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99682397,0.00003093811,0.0030719542,0.0000029260352,0.0000259725,0.000009702272,0.0000022181314,0.000009325382,0.000022988073],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996871,0.0000034591417,0.00010218619,0.000076037904,0.00005539337,0.00007587466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998334,0.00001649519,0.000014111453,0.000081140424,0.00001026364,0.00004460705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003520587,0.00006264302,0.00007840606,0.000032921598,0.000033081218,0.000017153237,0.00003404469,0.000055574095,0.000048211485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013822514,0.000052631407,0.000011859291,0.00004110206,0.00002308999,0.000055285334,0.00002559346,0.000086274464,2.8158738e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017519587,0.000021009988,0.0017395365,0.00003907124,0.000018703737,6.729047e-7,0.00038823686,0.000100243495,0.9901433,0.0016764951,0.00041925022,0.0054517007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000098716606,0.00003675009,0.01435705,0.000012846292,0.000008666147,0.0000061197247,0.00012394866,0.00076053105,0.9838407,0.0002619604,0.00039162714,0.000101095415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011819735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013645735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012617514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005747796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000032671683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21462466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605045182","doi":"10.1115/pvp2010-26049","title":"Determination of CANDU End Fitting Jacking Limits Using Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission; Bruce Power (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Jacking; Finite element method; Structural engineering; Shield; Welding; Collar; Engineering; Plasticity; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Composite material","score_opus":0.015331773423826979,"score_gpt":0.25259582820733806,"score_spread":0.2372640547835111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2605045182","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6151718,0.000019346173,0.38274732,0.0000043506507,0.00016225652,0.000051544193,0.0000065804393,0.00015429409,0.0016825175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9551497,0.0000134928005,0.044731412,0.0000029771393,0.00006035715,0.0000033265126,0.000006121686,0.000014270107,0.000018303386],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932426,0.000007917471,0.00024888432,0.00010969785,0.00013952624,0.00016974038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994536,0.0002691962,0.00005726598,0.00012874498,0.00005066992,0.000040519484],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000110701905,0.000105840394,0.00016393997,0.00023050404,0.000051403415,0.000027994367,0.00009182928,0.00007238688,0.000204801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013618756,0.00009399715,0.00006642667,0.00033929205,0.000018874003,0.00006856672,0.000025010642,0.00013215437,0.0000011356985],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000715881,0.00005407274,0.030321492,0.0003084558,0.00041327142,0.000014093061,0.0003269463,0.6636033,0.2656441,0.0004749109,0.00007559133,0.03875659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000075881275,0.00001974622,0.005081619,0.00004282536,0.0002432049,0.0000017176114,0.000023885555,0.74260116,0.25153565,0.000048609185,0.00018399513,0.00014170834],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017227836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005749961,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33997795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021251986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008443892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38330925},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2612567453","doi":"10.3390/app7050503","title":"On the Visualization of Gas Metal Arc Welding Plasma and the Relationship Between Arc Length and Voltage","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Plasma arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Arc (geometry); Welding; Materials science; Electrode; Arc blow; Arc length; Electric arc; Carbon arc welding; Voltage; Plasma; Submerged arc welding; Current (fluid); Arc welding; Metallurgy; Electrical engineering; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.047467481618959466,"score_gpt":0.284445081729631,"score_spread":0.23697760011067154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2612567453","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.986599,0.00006348778,0.0010940543,0.00029825952,0.000026244135,0.00013426332,0.000001963811,0.00004227208,0.011740404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999685,0.000053486423,0.00019772057,0.0000072422267,0.00002832668,0.000010180815,4.2687068e-7,0.000004272944,0.000013333388],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99956554,0.000013142543,0.000093337345,0.00009768797,0.00014151477,0.000088804154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887484,0.00091327063,0.000056616056,0.0001327099,0.000006007238,0.00001653488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000608507,0.000061603394,0.00008579465,0.00003242784,0.00070067256,0.00012580217,0.00021987443,0.000029738105,0.0000033135173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019076448,0.000030848012,0.000012170448,0.000061964805,0.00065514154,0.00006862684,0.000058906175,0.00007221763,6.337329e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008214084,0.00000407018,0.03521628,0.000034023742,0.000016940478,2.117466e-7,0.0006178317,0.0009254536,0.0010996198,0.9592062,0.0002360217,0.0026351134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010554136,0.00015164893,0.30940816,0.00024568712,0.000112313246,0.0000048390234,0.0011196992,0.014654765,0.25839362,0.41334507,0.0010290509,0.00047972455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025536598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008665629,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5458611,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000032483597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004076043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53890777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2614350565","doi":"","title":"Numerical Simulation of Induction Thermography on a Laminated Composite Panel","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Overheating (electricity); Thermography; Multiphysics; Materials science; Finite element method; Composite number; Induction heating; Thermal conductivity; Thermal; Composite material; Temperature measurement; Mechanics; Structural engineering; Infrared; Electromagnetic coil; Engineering; Optics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01999691656561393,"score_gpt":0.23682782043968845,"score_spread":0.21683090387407453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2614350565","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9754169,0.000012552299,0.016617393,0.00008692479,0.00006738024,0.000067579596,0.0000052833584,0.00031729785,0.007408667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993859,0.000021822447,0.00052248326,0.0000048623265,0.000028791012,0.0000037249135,0.000001508557,0.000010413601,0.000020524129],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970543,0.000010791898,0.00008168717,0.000057733512,0.00007404436,0.000070327864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998178,0.000049409166,0.000017036791,0.00008149395,0.000017320292,0.000016951777],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024979365,0.00005365034,0.000067609704,0.000056668225,0.000013899846,0.0000033562853,0.000043662196,0.000048741895,0.000060955328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006584454,0.000034010714,0.0000277486,0.000101877486,0.000017616028,0.000029492889,0.000005042905,0.00003810872,0.0000043984123],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028824661,0.000044012828,0.0010499909,0.000034258468,0.000029622837,0.0000015649164,0.000057372483,0.051349502,0.85307676,0.00032832698,0.0007221863,0.09327756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024165286,0.0001434747,0.029415522,0.00017233747,0.00000976655,0.0000012473893,0.000004384203,0.013521819,0.9513674,0.0034116288,0.0015677668,0.00014299409],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000032041269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.299387e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09829063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011058099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000011220623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13869168},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2720536280","doi":"10.1007/s11661-017-4171-1","title":"Study of MA Effect on Yield Strength and Ductility of X80 Linepipe Steels Weld","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TransCanada (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McMaster University","keywords":"Materials science; Ferrite (magnet); Welding; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Austenite; Microstructure; Elongation; Gas metal arc welding; Bainite; Ductility (Earth science); Acicular ferrite; Martensite; Composite material; Heat-affected zone; Creep","score_opus":0.0206871108769484,"score_gpt":0.25627275498595625,"score_spread":0.23558564410900784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2720536280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99799556,0.000073224466,0.0011396415,0.00002193598,0.00014862687,0.00024370388,0.00004637543,0.00006161377,0.00026931954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994554,0.00026963966,0.00016379412,9.5050785e-7,0.000023028457,0.000022093403,9.711114e-7,0.000009660841,0.000054495864],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942374,0.00003440999,0.00022614999,0.00013603098,0.00008672464,0.00009295236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959415,0.000078873745,0.00005216759,0.00021734938,0.00001382976,0.000043628053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016493691,0.000114041395,0.00034735329,0.00003429189,0.0001038907,0.000050080762,0.00008215831,0.00007267169,0.00018142001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017241005,0.00008566195,0.00003474374,0.000021510094,0.000079442645,0.00006559999,0.000011889001,0.00006805477,4.2505786e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026790798,0.007147135,0.0012877367,0.008572438,0.0030001153,0.00022578919,0.0021282851,0.011049992,0.87214047,0.00092438934,0.0002011221,0.09064347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008407185,0.0015783648,0.028047793,0.00015396268,0.00019814224,0.000015779524,0.00007814847,0.00007112187,0.9682671,0.00009650925,0.0004671569,0.00018520115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039366446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000074666925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09612665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000027683784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000017797544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3493193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2739897965","doi":"10.1149/ma2012-01/23/960","title":"Probing the Influence of Surface Strain Induced by SMAT on the Corrosion of Alloys 600 and 800","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Corrosion; Metallurgy; Strain (injury)","score_opus":0.016420942885190217,"score_gpt":0.22967073176531977,"score_spread":0.21324978888012955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2739897965","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99558336,0.0002602093,0.0000025115837,0.00013277309,0.00005481369,0.00016139196,0.000010409527,0.00008206706,0.003712481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99961,0.000056079185,0.0002622193,0.000017661498,0.000023444843,0.0000034902168,0.0000013427316,0.000017008306,0.000008765605],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932414,0.00003231699,0.00022411298,0.00007423477,0.00015441593,0.0001907626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992767,0.0003855138,0.00011105735,0.00016519842,0.000024652303,0.000036908983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059500494,0.00010841322,0.00011642319,0.000015325037,0.00007269283,0.000017195558,0.00015055989,0.000074036914,0.0000026894327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015482241,0.00006283868,0.000021458785,0.00007447442,0.000051602936,0.00006418497,0.00003885257,0.00020230556,0.000001011968],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030874403,0.000020349238,0.00074210425,0.00007219383,0.0000055740093,1.8968242e-7,0.00066370016,0.17494784,0.8229099,0.000016296255,0.0005371614,0.00008162537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000060186954,0.00003275792,0.021028932,0.00043012272,0.000008368913,0.0000018139942,0.00017990883,0.00028006706,0.97762656,0.000031410662,0.00023344069,0.00008642966],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013092304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030781048,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17466778,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011341488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005827451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25624868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755268001","doi":"10.1007/s11665-017-2872-7","title":"Mehanical Properties of Electron Beam Welded Joints in Thick Gage CA6NM Stainless Steel","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Charpy impact test; Electron beam welding; Martensitic stainless steel; Beam (structure); Composite material; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Structural engineering; Cathode ray; Martensite; Microstructure; Engineering; Electron","score_opus":0.014486925224411607,"score_gpt":0.2161711637122203,"score_spread":0.2016842384878087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2755268001","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99874425,0.00074466347,0.00004820476,0.000033388482,0.0002981686,0.000059506398,0.0000033290216,0.000030197758,0.000038277598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971432,0.0023196915,0.00036984915,0.0000019126487,0.00012905462,0.0000027821472,2.8684778e-7,0.000019307443,0.000013908022],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992342,0.000009377802,0.00038911618,0.000058396407,0.00012738959,0.0001815146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962497,0.000012071469,0.00013742283,0.00014322903,0.000039864502,0.000042418247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000403032,0.00012251298,0.00031963678,0.00009408328,0.00004744302,0.00007010783,0.00019873327,0.000083617684,0.0000045636157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047372763,0.0000929378,0.00002706763,0.00002467139,0.00002721846,0.00023020344,0.000040467196,0.00018366404,3.756775e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008540693,0.000018726636,0.0006970562,0.0012574458,0.000032765613,0.000011402201,0.00017444008,0.030645452,0.9666967,0.000019933137,0.00006442358,0.0002962715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002655291,0.00014591767,0.018885182,0.00095441507,0.000009571725,0.000041931482,0.000010151128,0.0012583665,0.9780712,0.000006517612,0.00023820206,0.00011300348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020527674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024498195,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029387087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026251682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013911667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37898934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2757193040","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.485","title":"Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for Prediction of Local Recurrence in Larynx and Hypopharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Larynx; Radiation therapy; Hypopharyngeal cancer; Nuclear medicine; Stage (stratigraphy); Laryngectomy; Radiology; Cancer; Head and neck cancer; Induction chemotherapy; Radiation treatment planning; Surgery; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.015604391825291827,"score_gpt":0.273176347760919,"score_spread":0.25757195593562715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2757193040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8536483,0.0016179372,0.14161263,0.0002950642,0.002008197,0.00013993478,0.00025785723,0.00004690701,0.0003731383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99598527,0.0004769289,0.0028550653,0.000029837098,0.000584499,0.000008583291,0.000041812895,0.000014441602,0.0000035524074],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991487,0.00004594289,0.00045031856,0.00011833038,0.00010589865,0.00013078048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889976,0.00021704054,0.00047880932,0.00010683042,0.00024738556,0.000050205406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021253369,0.00011999902,0.00026387136,0.00015727714,0.00005975905,0.000024891016,0.00029991995,0.00017285786,0.000003109025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054534496,0.00011386672,0.0000927359,0.00005484455,0.00015285682,0.00021933045,0.00005004844,0.0001895539,2.258046e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044743755,0.0006475687,0.60847723,0.0001504143,0.00026805003,0.00005627813,0.0004390973,0.038344838,0.011911191,0.012142089,0.0062922044,0.3208236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011660259,0.0034658506,0.5765963,0.00024188534,0.00014254598,0.00018096057,0.00010528797,0.15031533,0.19018976,0.0458547,0.02066463,0.00058246165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000050721414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001210725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32024115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012021803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005996668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46433502},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2762069301","doi":"10.4236/msa.2017.811055","title":"Prediction of Weld Joint Shape and Dimensions in Laser Welding Using a 3D Modeling and Experimental Validation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Sciences and Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Joint (building); Taguchi methods; Butt joint; Finite element method; Laser beam welding; Galvanization; Keyhole; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering","score_opus":0.06765669025446962,"score_gpt":0.2915436472200217,"score_spread":0.22388695696555205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2762069301","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99758667,0.0002162394,0.0018643149,0.000028218234,0.000028054495,0.00014260308,0.000017374015,0.000028831937,0.00008772137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958859,0.00032371332,0.003726304,0.0000020016828,0.00002451209,0.000031293643,0.0000015088867,0.0000038012051,9.851112e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996408,0.000005297678,0.00012443644,0.00011280627,0.000047174763,0.00006948077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998571,0.0000065515806,0.000035281497,0.000072479925,0.000007253101,0.000021300593],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013453548,0.00005025942,0.00007860721,0.000044772183,0.00030333665,0.00012419108,0.0000438351,0.000027949187,0.0000065742647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000046521936,0.000043443124,0.000004245356,0.000029193112,0.00009757916,0.00015665134,0.00006225948,0.000018009685,8.0048295e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013548308,0.000010567544,0.0013554796,0.0000427639,0.0000020217014,1.0378798e-7,0.00011093682,0.025802314,0.9719586,0.00033072568,0.0000040319705,0.00038112473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008313923,0.0000154046,0.0015322808,0.00008145223,0.0000057089865,0.000004463428,0.00013075833,0.17474733,0.8227636,0.0005473235,0.000027410826,0.000061108825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017517082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040131563,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14919497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000060417638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000031841528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2333051},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2775775898","doi":"10.1109/smc.2017.8122572","title":"Seam tracking in automated welding","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Welding; Tracking (education); Computer vision; Computer science; Noise (video); Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Key (lock); Artificial intelligence; Image processing; Edge detection; Robot welding; Ground truth; Image (mathematics); Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.02046059606457457,"score_gpt":0.29460665357916355,"score_spread":0.274146057514589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2775775898","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8946195,0.00009975162,0.00091679214,0.00013530659,0.00019182797,0.00007808485,0.0000010476139,0.0038662613,0.1000914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975203,0.00006535246,0.0022442744,0.000007420795,0.000035604502,0.0000046503833,5.7484345e-7,0.0000141387545,0.00010765851],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996408,0.0000029726614,0.00008689812,0.000069919755,0.000050497856,0.00014889057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974555,0.00001208888,0.000012905553,0.00019913603,0.0000063021716,0.000024045225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006368279,0.00006485655,0.0000778304,0.000043883345,0.00008732744,0.000116043026,0.00018338942,0.00005500617,0.00005678303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002563263,0.000056036624,0.000017967002,0.000025390313,0.000013149301,0.00013844449,0.000033902877,0.00008220496,0.000011244671],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024615001,0.00019596712,0.2512291,0.0009863673,0.00016984905,0.0007336515,0.0011345109,0.3106725,0.09248772,0.0076318835,0.15622751,0.1785063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040082564,0.000023244223,0.27141327,0.00032360604,0.0000062708073,0.000011819787,0.000055596403,0.18042749,0.53592724,0.0010521313,0.0098791635,0.00047935414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001466203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000096324016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4434395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020473064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000023442774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22851072},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2779371085","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2017.11.003","title":"Thermal deformation of gas metal arc welding on aluminum alloy T-joints","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","keywords":"Materials science; Alloy; Welding; Metallurgy; Deformation (meteorology); Arc (geometry); Gas metal arc welding; Aluminium; Thermal; Metal; Arc welding; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.012479669479671615,"score_gpt":0.22889133210853757,"score_spread":0.21641166262886596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2779371085","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96204245,0.00016325337,0.0332337,0.000060922805,0.0013118456,0.0002491337,0.00001676213,0.0009502466,0.0019716804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955538,0.00013215259,0.0040629483,0.000005982614,0.00013905064,0.000016164366,0.0000057854572,0.000057992947,0.000026146694],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910825,0.0000043401783,0.00026147856,0.00013025623,0.00020588012,0.0002897869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993195,0.000021686028,0.00008600525,0.00047382203,0.000030762938,0.0000682267],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019271123,0.00020496784,0.00025083695,0.000113108996,0.000107507396,0.000056279423,0.00036179007,0.00012730653,0.000024025028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000073787705,0.00019437767,0.000100334815,0.000045195444,0.000009705481,0.00019643451,0.00008018301,0.00022028327,0.000013186691],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008522004,0.000025251145,0.000013416681,0.0002435133,0.00010497084,0.0000116156625,0.00018195658,0.8454869,0.14574529,0.0055847885,0.000231868,0.0023619097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014647127,0.00006497463,0.00013243049,0.00018701628,0.000019991901,0.000005110983,0.000013359292,0.2848275,0.71310306,0.00019953244,0.0010893851,0.0002111829],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013410481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018883524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5673578,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049791848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000072250114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79264915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2788382644","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-21765-9","title":"Residual Stress, Thermomechanics &amp; Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 9","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Conference proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Infrared; Volume (thermodynamics); Materials science; Inverse; Residual stress; Composite material; Physics; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Optics; Geometry","score_opus":0.0195248273428412,"score_gpt":0.23346503551276393,"score_spread":0.21394020816992274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2788382644","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04989558,0.19920716,0.037471414,0.0031662222,0.011628158,0.06604442,0.023661084,0.028898278,0.5800277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2054252,0.02577485,0.16701564,0.0006651889,0.0036211757,0.0052455217,0.0015407426,0.0030711493,0.5876405],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980156,0.0000048440343,0.00052644755,0.00050145865,0.00049089815,0.00046075898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864376,0.000023945873,0.00039328067,0.00029680895,0.0004966472,0.00014555242],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031042902,0.0006457911,0.00063030445,0.00006609347,0.00018763923,0.0001673051,0.0009289246,0.00046744652,0.000029245313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003574499,0.00054594903,0.0005270802,0.00009119014,0.00016470438,0.00024885117,0.00072062045,0.0005794935,0.0000017562844],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003100493,0.00007494752,0.0000065104564,0.0024211782,0.00038382912,6.530545e-7,0.0025383572,0.0000121277,0.03868999,0.011433474,0.94346637,0.00094157644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005625122,0.00025555724,1.4738055e-7,0.0021794513,0.00026301394,0.00003932867,0.0014277628,0.0053480063,0.59860384,0.14991108,0.24033256,0.0010767697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000110843475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024646147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7031338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039248288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019578265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996992},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789047685","doi":"10.18502/keg.v3i1.1442","title":"Efecto de la Corriente y Longitud de Arco en Soldaduras con Arco Eléctrico Asistido por Modelado Matemático","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"KnE Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Arc (geometry); Heat flux; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.003481334973990286,"score_gpt":0.21520599063221535,"score_spread":0.21172465565822507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789047685","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68653715,0.0008061224,0.3040779,0.000046627305,0.0004637204,0.00022483364,0.000023419103,0.003375101,0.0044451375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9791511,0.00013986786,0.01984706,0.000019957823,0.00048069292,0.00004552422,0.00000917514,0.00012120676,0.00018538437],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998611,0.00003211027,0.00026798653,0.00024636227,0.00017823385,0.0006643422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992212,0.00018740661,0.000031487783,0.00031931896,0.000038710383,0.00020189249],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031601044,0.0003123914,0.00027412476,0.00019041449,0.00007623642,0.00011502853,0.00029286693,0.0002340369,0.00007155646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013979046,0.00031926154,0.00009566954,0.00024408821,0.000054961954,0.00012379816,0.000086885855,0.00038611857,0.000040989933],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003422942,0.00009394862,0.005240901,0.0007489763,0.00022607963,0.0002451095,0.0008217055,0.90302086,0.06660522,0.0036971592,0.015888486,0.0033773093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046772958,0.00012865283,0.009634423,0.0004864612,0.00007032547,0.00017797775,0.00003181619,0.79358786,0.17416692,0.0003447783,0.020122055,0.0007809713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007297212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000457218,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29261398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002186041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026203666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789140569","doi":"10.1115/1.4039353","title":"Scaling Analysis of a Moving Point Heat Source in Steady-State on a Semi-Infinite Solid","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; American Welding Society","keywords":"Scaling; Dimensionless quantity; Normalization (sociology); Steady state (chemistry); Range (aeronautics); Point source; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Applied mathematics; Mechanics; Physics; Geometry; Materials science; Chemistry","score_opus":0.01165074296896794,"score_gpt":0.24963187608226803,"score_spread":0.2379811331133001,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789140569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95893854,0.00029601928,0.03962538,0.00011800076,0.00008622804,0.00006208902,0.00000925745,0.000045013883,0.00081949943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989843,0.00036391802,0.0004632551,0.000056185097,0.000095212075,0.0000012170601,8.0862276e-7,0.000026403915,0.000008728097],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986931,0.000039459137,0.0006438237,0.00009976508,0.00028145223,0.00024237127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999557,0.00011624404,0.000013409531,0.00013880624,0.000089531815,0.00008497682],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038917,0.00015325959,0.0005056393,0.00074293365,0.000033732595,0.000027148322,0.00016502332,0.00008178829,0.00006627019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019397887,0.00012118683,0.00026178642,0.0005951264,0.000043746633,0.00009954147,0.000009637328,0.00031067862,0.0000019223778],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019030865,0.000099661316,0.0036113814,0.0001348004,0.0007702711,0.000061332576,0.0026824733,0.91726136,0.073334,0.000020313157,0.00019195086,0.0016421222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013870292,0.0009490453,0.01171702,0.001996026,0.00079461426,0.00006878217,0.00040952733,0.10156812,0.87915456,0.00026255433,0.0011847084,0.0005080341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009584043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000114210125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81569326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006836103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017087346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49418554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2796397428","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2017-0028","title":"Study of the ultrasonic stress relief method for assembly of flex lead in inertial devices","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Materials science; FLEX; Stress (linguistics); Amplitude; Lead (geology); Acoustics; Structural engineering; Engineering; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.016896069035999637,"score_gpt":0.26117643919775757,"score_spread":0.24428037016175794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2796397428","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.57612073,0.0001259629,0.421016,0.0002442295,0.0005922963,0.0014674634,0.00031381287,0.00009024642,0.000029222221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978715,0.000010042041,0.021106303,0.000009321163,0.000038705144,0.00007707318,9.706348e-7,0.00003016226,0.0000124183925],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992047,0.000012609211,0.00031528316,0.00011439438,0.00012261346,0.0002304338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993802,0.00018031891,0.000051110714,0.00026378702,0.00007216424,0.00005244207],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023477602,0.00012172243,0.0002339056,0.000048024416,0.00008893736,0.0000066364373,0.00039866293,0.00013749374,0.00000417339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044603938,0.000089960886,0.00033909912,0.00032207172,0.000031218206,0.00004255259,0.000007730548,0.0001718339,3.4326078e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026481715,0.0002097499,0.00008775042,0.0011760335,0.0005673852,1.504907e-7,0.0021915094,0.8732446,0.11820071,0.0012613083,0.00037209643,0.002662217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006156683,0.00029276876,0.0005045558,0.00026720087,0.00015740113,0.0000014077328,0.0007129159,0.15804994,0.838678,0.00009372875,0.0004546963,0.00017170364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012361783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.13050428,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7204773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001198576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000070669965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.994215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800346981","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2015-0049","title":"STUDY ON THE DESIGN ADAPTIVE RECURRENT WAVELET NEURAL NETWORK CONTROL OF AN AUTO TIG WELD SYSTEM","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Wavelet; Artificial neural network; Gas tungsten arc welding; Computer science; Wavelet transform; Adaptive control; Control system; Control (management); Automotive engineering; Engineering; Arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.04010791811898663,"score_gpt":0.22503771857350602,"score_spread":0.1849298004545194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2800346981","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02198297,0.00013623732,0.9747636,0.00028116434,0.000795488,0.0015968513,0.00014813336,0.0002606479,0.00003495187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943915,0.0000025544305,0.00535189,0.000016944598,0.00006947166,0.0001257336,9.629675e-7,0.00003499465,0.0000059479485],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991624,0.000037737664,0.00023427341,0.00011695238,0.0001729289,0.0002757209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992516,0.00018057329,0.000036969544,0.00029100888,0.00006015726,0.00017969644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045060474,0.0001529455,0.00022268623,0.000024842067,0.00013264176,0.000014809258,0.00033054754,0.00010751946,0.0000027978595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020288278,0.000104010454,0.0002649738,0.0001965108,0.000021541278,0.00004207718,0.000004232279,0.00026579,2.4865423e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016401249,0.00002124031,4.9629574e-7,0.00003942203,0.00017511788,4.781253e-7,0.00024365948,0.99696267,0.0001817415,0.0014235165,0.00055622135,0.00037902003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039728617,0.0005351715,0.000023955186,0.0001146213,0.00013136711,0.000003571169,0.00085563515,0.9907746,0.0066766264,0.00008447849,0.00025837464,0.00014433925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016916582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020921545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97240853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027550585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007183439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42414233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800580239","doi":"10.1115/etam2018-6715","title":"Weld Overlay of Highly Corrosion Resistant Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Alloys, UNS N06059, on Low Alloy Equipment Operating at High Temperature","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Corrosion; Molybdenum; Alloy; Welding; Chromium; Nickel; Austenite; Intergranular corrosion; Oxidizing agent; Microstructure","score_opus":0.006887401654470654,"score_gpt":0.21750554889754484,"score_spread":0.21061814724307418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2800580239","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927787,0.00021314592,0.00011238569,0.0003738157,0.00075171934,0.00032879194,0.000054164757,0.0006970622,0.004690194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99247134,0.0002536513,0.0022291604,0.00017804203,0.00031862385,0.000022567141,0.000038650945,0.000074028765,0.0044139093],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983243,0.000033825178,0.0004449332,0.00036285372,0.00040341288,0.00043067112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991289,0.00007041067,0.000071852395,0.00050494977,0.00009881131,0.00012508112],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016126045,0.00033904306,0.00035876164,0.00008074931,0.00020114037,0.00006605116,0.0003248506,0.00027556642,0.00049025164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031675972,0.0002591663,0.00009841479,0.00018869524,0.00008988032,0.000099934645,0.00019523111,0.0002492837,0.000056069],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059744478,0.00006171706,0.0000645208,0.00012478545,0.000026831107,0.000013693833,0.000106523556,0.0038593542,0.9000749,0.0007038931,0.094858184,0.000045822362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039507865,0.0005733156,0.0006615296,0.00053157913,0.000017305945,0.0000042990177,0.000037876012,0.00069122616,0.9891974,0.000030539748,0.007513327,0.00034655473],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025394413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018531375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.089122444,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025683292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025559477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800819220","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2017-1035","title":"INFLUENCING AND ANALYSIS OF TIG WELDING PROCESS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EXTRUDED ALUMINUM PARTS","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Gas tungsten arc welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Heat-affected zone; Electric resistance welding; Toughness; Elongation; Arc welding","score_opus":0.01939070267642867,"score_gpt":0.22713856148487588,"score_spread":0.2077478588084472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2800819220","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9658762,0.00014375719,0.03306562,0.00016546967,0.0001652425,0.00034740448,0.00012483705,0.00007870576,0.000032769858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99740577,0.000043783522,0.0024680877,0.000007333835,0.000012510466,0.00003036313,0.0000010596368,0.000023146535,0.000007953599],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99924505,0.0000043143964,0.0002747943,0.00012604737,0.00014290764,0.00020690294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937314,0.00004427323,0.00007966062,0.00033422533,0.00006256923,0.00010612603],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016964781,0.00013001634,0.00032457145,0.00009246219,0.00020546392,0.000020505715,0.00031340803,0.00014805679,0.0000072927774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006220587,0.0001061048,0.00038800304,0.00018377401,0.000060396076,0.00008145316,0.000009907698,0.0001630699,2.7732865e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013244192,0.0000216471,0.00002941741,0.0011406587,0.0015214434,2.853813e-7,0.0005117362,0.87297297,0.12111036,0.00154743,0.000027418464,0.0011033753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013820057,0.000040201277,0.00018135145,0.0002997705,0.00048034615,6.563265e-7,0.0000898941,0.21105859,0.7874272,0.000092897644,0.00006472955,0.00012617753],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029936868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005025497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6663168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007627701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045857014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4525579},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801755126","doi":"10.2200/s00818ed1v01y201712sem001","title":"Hole-Drilling Method for Measuring Residual Stresses","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Synthesis SEM lectures on experimental mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Residual; Drilling; Deep hole drilling; Hole drilling method; Geology; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Composite material; Algorithm","score_opus":0.026981578784823185,"score_gpt":0.28707683963304864,"score_spread":0.26009526084822543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2801755126","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17383428,0.0066194795,0.8024954,0.00038014594,0.0030180512,0.0020672923,0.00024715462,0.0051847557,0.0061534056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9275635,0.00008302889,0.071067646,0.00011254649,0.0007452036,0.00025874987,0.0000060740326,0.00014205491,0.000021184827],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983403,0.00006512236,0.00029680994,0.00043425648,0.00032811088,0.000535372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892193,0.00044767946,0.000059635124,0.0003904999,0.000061518294,0.00011873286],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024230694,0.00039513677,0.0003515221,0.0001674238,0.00031181547,0.00010226111,0.00036924312,0.00022932548,0.00012071969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017659405,0.00035149395,0.00014814832,0.00015279607,0.000032858294,0.00008620929,0.00006865753,0.00017633931,0.000016627284],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025048543,0.00017178051,0.0000046770215,0.00018602482,0.00027747056,0.000010189706,0.00062859716,0.024785135,0.94233817,0.0037981644,0.007317326,0.020232005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016574966,0.00033189173,0.000002435936,0.00020652151,0.000033583005,0.0000065342538,0.00015915254,0.01745464,0.9753573,0.001649999,0.0042046043,0.00042760826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003091085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000245154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7537292,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014781705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016722252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801879601","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2018.63022","title":"ANN Based Predictive Modelling of Weld Shape and Dimensions in Laser Welding of Galvanized Steel in Butt Joint Configurations","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Artificial neural network; Galvanization; Butt joint; Laser beam welding; Reliability (semiconductor); Butt welding; Mechanical engineering; Joint (building); Structural engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Computer science; Power (physics); Artificial intelligence; Composite material","score_opus":0.01671906638242433,"score_gpt":0.20398431659184177,"score_spread":0.18726525020941745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2801879601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98324597,0.000119116514,0.016333306,0.00004532887,0.00011014832,0.00008507723,0.0000375877,0.000013910999,0.000009563166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99648166,0.0010050054,0.002422878,0.0000070772935,0.000057261434,0.00000261662,0.000007068379,0.000013135532,0.0000032987766],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992808,0.000015074753,0.00048374353,0.000065041786,0.00006421684,0.000091094014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997015,0.000031527587,0.00012291319,0.000039092985,0.00006490193,0.00004004658],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019072274,0.00009778314,0.00029919963,0.00023469057,0.000014907899,0.000021865762,0.000026014004,0.0000638682,0.0000149844855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027963382,0.00008552388,0.000014499371,0.00008599485,0.000023739545,0.00016276534,0.000014641737,0.000059569466,2.6721576e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031218013,0.000012897605,0.00018748615,0.00019516265,0.00001072761,0.0000022101995,0.00021441086,0.04114553,0.9581063,0.000026344134,0.0000055424616,0.00006218298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061212317,0.00011207836,0.017296704,0.0008921974,0.000015601401,0.000011303264,0.000037826936,0.1866029,0.7942192,0.0000151073455,0.00008117445,0.000103770166],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009342455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022859515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16388708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008527468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000071925992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34875625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802755124","doi":"10.2316/j.2010.216.680-0071","title":"A Concept of Objective Electrogustometry","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mechatronic systems and control","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology","score_opus":0.002355813482606225,"score_gpt":0.18872502402699745,"score_spread":0.18636921054439123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2802755124","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92153,0.019543143,0.05258541,0.0000437833,0.0011252036,0.0007101825,0.000048022375,0.0006214337,0.003792824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996158,0.000056149038,0.00009329981,0.0000047518597,0.00012708743,0.000037395348,8.716974e-7,0.000015666195,0.000048977072],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945754,0.000013068794,0.0001575532,0.000099186545,0.00008790363,0.00018477187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997087,0.000048563772,0.000035779773,0.0001310095,0.000032027016,0.00004390527],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011089306,0.000100532074,0.00022610447,0.00006164722,0.000028515493,0.000019789548,0.000079172554,0.00010249824,0.000015703436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012782071,0.00008126722,0.0000399385,0.00007689243,0.000031299915,0.000038311002,0.000009175575,0.00017502288,0.0000012228054],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009909329,0.0001145302,0.0039705653,0.0010122462,0.0010942658,0.000021591466,0.0008191883,0.0068105008,0.80143315,0.13845383,0.004202755,0.041968282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0067049772,0.001212947,0.0042323526,0.0003979677,0.00033016453,0.00028623856,0.001250929,0.08029476,0.8584663,0.0037567322,0.04156548,0.0015011133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013971192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017248416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13469708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014079976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012825574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3313981},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2809677633","doi":"10.2351/1.5040645","title":"Single pass laser cold-wire welding of thick section AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada; Bombardier (Canada); National Research Council Canada","funders":"Transport Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Heat-affected zone; Electric resistance welding; Composite material; Cold welding; Disk laser; Metallurgy; Fusion welding; Butt joint; Arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Semiconductor laser theory; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.01361822480445565,"score_gpt":0.2431705626841567,"score_spread":0.22955233787970106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2809677633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9453406,0.0003246519,0.04484895,0.00068503246,0.00052264496,0.00037686242,0.00003250716,0.0002666901,0.0076021054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99203634,0.00014519045,0.0067040287,0.00003232118,0.00086299836,0.000021973787,0.0000025148997,0.000027644575,0.00016699235],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999143,0.000017395665,0.00040564255,0.00008853127,0.00019609608,0.0001493309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992054,0.0000686026,0.00019536848,0.00019638393,0.00025514732,0.000079099664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018271129,0.000110063884,0.00018644737,0.00012325034,0.000095895746,0.000029758907,0.0002052568,0.00011553725,0.00007277004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019005593,0.000097061056,0.00009519956,0.0002680079,0.000066858534,0.00014070237,0.000028007515,0.00021189656,0.000010339399],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007638822,0.00080056145,0.004262671,0.00050964864,0.00053876097,0.000017773587,0.00083558506,0.036144935,0.69835377,0.0011967631,0.24941346,0.007849689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018838116,0.00016115129,0.00091243006,0.00010887334,0.000054188007,0.000034830704,0.00008316067,0.00030437874,0.7842571,0.00045184194,0.21331516,0.0001285089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001359179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002781375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08590333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000067993904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023357115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39580348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884853774","doi":"10.1007/s40430-018-1291-5","title":"The effect of purge gas condition on the amount of ferrite in tubular AISI 304 stainless steel during welding","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão","keywords":"Purge; Ferrite (magnet); Welding; Metallurgy; Materials science; Gas metal arc welding; Engineering; Composite material; Waste management; Arc welding","score_opus":0.005832544880523833,"score_gpt":0.22565159384707315,"score_spread":0.2198190489665493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2884853774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981825,0.0004900024,0.00050477247,0.0004625667,0.00020717684,0.000111221765,0.0000028248778,0.000011476935,0.000027492102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989117,0.00057983695,0.000413527,0.000007205829,0.00007445305,0.0000017386487,4.4865065e-8,0.000008208152,0.0000032831729],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989209,0.000042632153,0.00039108942,0.00007936615,0.0003668765,0.00019913314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992211,0.000397302,0.00017191614,0.0001274978,0.00004251808,0.00003969212],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016282517,0.00011178434,0.00024095665,0.000029793015,0.00016362545,0.000029244302,0.00044139638,0.0000690883,0.0000052122177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001255139,0.00005257922,0.00018391939,0.00028358054,0.00022450891,0.00009313329,0.00008570069,0.00026103825,7.041036e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011132043,0.00004973773,0.0023695852,0.0011801755,0.00023746604,0.0000036736024,0.0011420038,0.18345293,0.802157,0.0054335743,0.0010089289,0.0028536145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003414718,0.00056787673,0.007371859,0.0012897202,0.000026161159,0.000018082033,0.00042843047,0.032396585,0.95652616,0.00066837925,0.00025395062,0.00011129741],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016151907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055619494,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1543692,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000412013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011118445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21441184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885554170","doi":"10.11159/icmie18.125","title":"Effects of Heat Input in Laser Welding of Dissimilar Galvanized Steel to Aluminium Alloy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Galvanization; Aluminium; Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Alloy; Laser beam welding; Laser; Aluminium alloy; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.003918298771479998,"score_gpt":0.19971602494403434,"score_spread":0.19579772617255434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2885554170","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99871635,0.000013812851,0.000004571036,0.00006731877,0.00058860617,0.00032872614,0.000011729512,0.00011970761,0.00014915301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99736756,0.00006448332,0.0023141238,0.000018166133,0.00012924762,0.000035654582,6.618482e-7,0.000045750672,0.000024338911],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888074,0.0000041045178,0.00043344544,0.0002159144,0.00019622318,0.0002695832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954045,0.000096693424,0.00007015129,0.00012519977,0.000078273566,0.00008922009],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015363643,0.00023213803,0.00047857504,0.0001682156,0.000021479844,0.000026064949,0.00035639835,0.00011405388,0.000012893144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015750415,0.00018424893,0.00006853758,0.00031119154,0.0000667809,0.000073782736,0.00022953375,0.00014655342,3.2836365e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001110364,0.0000374096,0.000022154729,0.0013284698,0.00002941615,5.27548e-7,0.000017866209,0.0006025335,0.9968617,0.0004043212,0.00054084114,0.000043746102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040508446,0.00009937067,0.000052789732,0.0016769504,0.000028511166,0.0000013359363,0.000009900251,0.0011084079,0.9958416,0.00008931442,0.00050112396,0.00018559082],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011584234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020270165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023095526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028741295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000049927116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75134534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2887011958","doi":"10.1520/mpc20170125","title":"Experimental Measurement of Residual Stresses in Cr-Mo-V Steel Restrained Welds with High Thickness","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Performance and Characterization","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Hole drilling method; Nozzle; Groove (engineering); Composite material; Metallurgy; Submerged arc welding; Deep hole drilling; Drilling; Arc welding; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01147684596345675,"score_gpt":0.20625381293954761,"score_spread":0.19477696697609087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2887011958","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99934196,0.000035422832,0.00009760225,0.000021382066,0.00013089959,0.0001602972,0.000030567186,0.0000955005,0.00008633722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99923044,0.00028346624,0.00020022751,0.000009165913,0.0001582534,0.000031921933,0.00005572518,0.000020434381,0.000010358875],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929494,0.000017731241,0.00023895454,0.00012478152,0.0001754204,0.00014814895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975574,0.000003883399,0.000060165257,0.000096778334,0.000060482445,0.000022954988],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012826789,0.00013073724,0.00018159079,0.000076770724,0.000048873146,0.000043434946,0.000070121445,0.0000757696,0.000062192776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003098592,0.00010429612,0.000005650543,0.00009193564,0.00006798085,0.00022825706,0.000024474308,0.000038462134,0.000001516694],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011727618,0.0000278912,0.0023605232,0.00020000426,0.00000903844,9.911996e-7,0.00028724776,0.000036335514,0.9963962,0.000041043226,0.000017461425,0.0005059953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002476427,0.00021309358,0.21060424,0.0002815083,0.0000048321326,0.000003029615,0.000045732188,0.00005814096,0.7883283,0.0000039894935,0.00010141085,0.000108092594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004087286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011847738,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20824371,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001985367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000111719155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42530724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895844877","doi":"10.2351/1.5056991","title":"Failure mechanism of laser welds of DP980 and HSLA450 steels in formability testing","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Formability; Materials science; Martensite; Welding; Ferrite (magnet); Base metal; Metallurgy; Dual-phase steel; Composite material; Alloy; Microstructure","score_opus":0.017254060415910794,"score_gpt":0.20043862055045913,"score_spread":0.18318456013454834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2895844877","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920496,0.000038323335,0.0009384523,0.000015237034,0.000013290788,0.000085755455,0.0000030349427,0.00011059185,0.0067457263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98361397,0.000036220965,0.016293706,0.0000025404192,0.000005991405,0.0000037265368,5.2751074e-7,0.000007705577,0.00003562375],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995652,0.0000063225293,0.00019112592,0.00006817204,0.00006841227,0.00010076075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997698,0.00006144997,0.0000216876,0.00010074274,0.000024924044,0.00002139688],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008136443,0.000068374255,0.00014123744,0.000048824048,0.0000137028555,0.000002017806,0.000056890036,0.00006896702,0.000026009098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037425238,0.000055914057,0.00001746424,0.00011343639,0.000026826596,0.000061755076,0.000027471451,0.000071560564,2.4632888e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001105339,0.0006369458,0.5020305,0.0075327675,0.0002016514,0.000106729545,0.005079228,0.060142074,0.37182754,0.023798374,0.004140807,0.024392815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016174412,0.00006131417,0.024366327,0.000074826625,0.0000032501644,0.0000091344455,0.00008413141,0.0014472795,0.97126496,0.002364821,0.0000683484,0.00009385067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001456162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011720295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5994374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008657657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059466183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22801091},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895862052","doi":"10.2351/1.5062880","title":"Ivestigating the weld depth behaviour using different observation techniques: X-ray, inline coherent imageing and highspeed observation during welding ice","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Dynamics (Canada); Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; X-ray; Geology; Optics; Metallurgy; Physics","score_opus":0.02753439411317764,"score_gpt":0.23996784760745396,"score_spread":0.2124334534942763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2895862052","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835559,0.0001733615,0.013596927,0.00032875684,0.000118757474,0.0007143827,0.0000025655938,0.0012869312,0.00022238394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9505465,0.00015825381,0.048829563,0.000058449627,0.00017122696,0.000098309676,0.000014485281,0.000060723934,0.00006249722],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99862534,0.000042485884,0.0004517781,0.0002742294,0.00024603005,0.00036016823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993265,0.000108189546,0.00011502341,0.00026419116,0.000096654614,0.00008940992],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014998092,0.0003076511,0.00023814166,0.000092563445,0.00036180817,0.000285051,0.00020705309,0.00014488341,0.000039395454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005813473,0.0002163594,0.000053091393,0.00021871315,0.000058502694,0.0005107812,0.0001490028,0.00034375495,0.0000020091036],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006523058,0.000054158136,0.19214426,0.0004323241,0.00006875634,0.000008042604,0.0004953537,0.012907748,0.7838201,0.00027749155,0.0004869751,0.009298284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002020314,0.0000354429,0.54718864,0.00047694612,0.000048546648,0.000011863781,0.00036961536,0.080951266,0.36987677,0.00035624797,0.000060427014,0.00042216736],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014134538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011681024,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4139433,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014754795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008194556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88228804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895949998","doi":"10.2351/1.5059437","title":"A new method of laser lap welding of zinc-coated steel sheet","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Miller Group (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Electric resistance welding; Laser beam welding; Sheet metal; Metallurgy; Zinc; Butt welding; Corrosion; Joint (building); Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Structural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.012941731797499016,"score_gpt":0.2667657722191001,"score_spread":0.25382404042160106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2895949998","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61440545,0.00049948937,0.071768925,0.00014754877,0.0001258278,0.00028697378,0.00002446539,0.0012575227,0.31148377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84096277,0.00023158162,0.15421784,0.000012967563,0.000040067964,0.0000028384343,0.0000029358266,0.000026240612,0.0045027565],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944717,0.000014168702,0.00021637112,0.00008594685,0.00010248233,0.00013385541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996993,0.00005355717,0.000021128079,0.00016038191,0.000018248471,0.00004738079],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000088333916,0.000095068484,0.0001961958,0.000055360324,0.000011670235,0.0000064226456,0.00012721299,0.00007931606,0.0031889293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007987314,0.000077568824,0.00005572206,0.00017095606,0.000011100441,0.00004930612,0.000018000052,0.00006974353,0.0000073822976],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009816127,0.00013627206,0.0012402026,0.0009033999,0.00038656054,0.000020054,0.0006170234,0.49103585,0.13423857,0.0020856392,0.18869577,0.18054248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016380067,0.000037812533,0.00037451248,0.00007469547,0.000015746824,0.0000029744008,0.000017045186,0.001660331,0.9855917,0.00038033567,0.011575982,0.00010505947],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004996423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025346159,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8513531,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009304691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009368139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99772227},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896160746","doi":"10.2351/1.5056096","title":"Residual stress measurement of laser-clad stainless steel coupons","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific International Conference on Applications of Lasers and Optics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada); Canadian Nuclear Laboratories","funders":"","keywords":"Stellite; Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Laser; Void (composites); Cladding (metalworking); Composite material; Metallurgy; Raster scan; Finite element method; Stress (linguistics); Structural engineering; Optics; Microstructure; Engineering","score_opus":0.024185984463745425,"score_gpt":0.25380693024378337,"score_spread":0.22962094578003794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896160746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64401436,0.00051371503,0.12018858,0.0027991068,0.00042505065,0.0017080256,0.0024347454,0.00050072744,0.22741567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948391,0.0008506403,0.0041212547,0.0000049083105,0.000029299623,0.000055966422,0.000033421074,0.000011350538,0.00005410574],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999193,0.0000064120723,0.00024553694,0.00012758646,0.00032601453,0.00010141154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993304,0.0000263792,0.00007599976,0.00018315365,0.00033577508,0.000048269005],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010436457,0.000107711836,0.00013373992,0.00010329033,0.00003859541,0.00002408985,0.00020403048,0.000060236503,0.000022471939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014155475,0.000101895006,0.000029080782,0.00008170828,0.00010141534,0.0000413952,0.000030303228,0.00009692089,0.000002069141],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010511959,0.0006760652,0.00088838505,0.0005211881,0.00033967895,0.0000048464963,0.0005780026,0.09390517,0.022900661,0.87192434,0.0010612173,0.0070953206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015921147,0.00039731787,0.0021590136,0.00091240084,0.000093036775,0.0000069940043,0.005376214,0.008148315,0.9459958,0.029130535,0.005515161,0.0006731086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026000134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028997016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9230951,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005157706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043685613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41551578},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896177609","doi":"10.2351/1.5060579","title":"ND:YAG laser welding of AA6061: Experimental differences between the TEE and LAP joint configurations","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Aluminium Refining, Degassing and Filtering (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Taguchi methods; Laser beam welding; Composite material; Laser; Penetration depth; Joint (building); Heat-affected zone; Lap joint; Laser power scaling; Optics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.025747144710646257,"score_gpt":0.243597990881329,"score_spread":0.21785084617068273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896177609","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857554,0.000502685,0.0009047966,0.0004307723,0.000029366043,0.00009624172,0.00000805158,0.00018112978,0.012091549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982986,0.000078471,0.0013538025,0.000017416105,0.00009710095,0.000011341533,0.000001954821,0.00000849082,0.00013281994],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995965,0.00000919975,0.00014384447,0.00007106165,0.00007729632,0.000102132806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979335,0.000056664434,0.00001766908,0.000093611445,0.000009612948,0.00002910423],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000045189157,0.000080951344,0.00011023556,0.000027320102,0.00006751591,0.000029670211,0.00007529763,0.00003988458,0.00020714178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060114935,0.00004866788,0.000024999517,0.000042047723,0.0000543735,0.00006202042,0.000028414068,0.000067664696,0.0000029532955],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003101513,0.00046095916,0.12533845,0.000568881,0.0010033878,0.000011163965,0.0100468565,0.024535138,0.61432916,0.021984614,0.1425297,0.059160642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007835099,0.000029054032,0.017602345,0.00002604684,0.000009578002,0.0000013910224,0.00028584863,0.00048977305,0.9788334,0.00012495148,0.0024303875,0.00008890219],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000567151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001866905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3645042,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009723812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002854746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22680572},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896318810","doi":"10.2351/1.5059960","title":"Chromatic analysis of optical emissions from laser welding","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Family Medicine","funders":"","keywords":"Chromatic scale; Welding; Laser; Optics; Materials science; Physics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.012143790658805107,"score_gpt":0.24249162659883683,"score_spread":0.23034783594003172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896318810","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.953025,0.00009548372,0.02085164,0.000056459838,0.000029775836,0.000030893698,0.0000068221907,0.00034640194,0.02555756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883264,0.00014200906,0.011315298,0.000009174431,0.00002427793,0.000002831014,0.000010599715,0.0000089003415,0.00016055658],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995718,0.0000045432566,0.00015416859,0.000073955,0.00008861523,0.00010692407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996871,0.00008224349,0.000011743538,0.00015418293,0.000010876963,0.000053875825],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003032161,0.000067997295,0.00017723041,0.00011535754,0.000020130701,0.0000108395,0.00008995807,0.000056071945,0.0015661912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019648904,0.000051658182,0.00008253708,0.00042214943,0.000014371224,0.000031862175,0.000023206812,0.000053436055,0.000006778979],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016653185,0.00023403174,0.057015497,0.00013668365,0.0049501723,0.00009288809,0.00040268785,0.8175567,0.07609752,0.0011676416,0.031916145,0.010413426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019891017,0.000034809007,0.05444213,0.0001351133,0.0012700779,0.000002507117,0.0001489272,0.15694752,0.7804138,0.001067344,0.004956342,0.0003824965],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001276788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003729191,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7043163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000121084795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002464508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896388882","doi":"10.2351/1.5059800","title":"Hybrid welding of galvanized steel sheet","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Power Generation","funders":"","keywords":"Galvanization; Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Composite material; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.01099125236490259,"score_gpt":0.22109652228101137,"score_spread":0.21010526991610878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896388882","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8451413,0.00028933943,0.017114218,0.000058404385,0.00012621241,0.00008425257,0.0000033547178,0.0009052459,0.13627766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99384737,0.00042124104,0.0051554553,0.000014167329,0.000044762626,0.0000034997609,0.0000016898097,0.000016828672,0.00049501023],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999581,0.00000440311,0.00013327789,0.00006692091,0.00008060413,0.0001338414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997887,0.000024646299,0.000012488519,0.00012643385,0.000015946227,0.000031805997],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047418805,0.000074950505,0.00011596794,0.000046622503,0.000017332426,0.000010041744,0.00010126469,0.00002906601,0.0005185098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010151351,0.00006179502,0.000038107155,0.000071784285,0.000013323453,0.000047499383,0.000023057199,0.000056247118,0.000010518427],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000102999096,0.00027107593,0.018583253,0.0009457934,0.00042073798,0.00029479386,0.00031060725,0.20177187,0.2161869,0.014409566,0.49428666,0.052415766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026217307,0.000040504623,0.0015338208,0.00006884198,0.000012181847,0.000029331075,0.000029513594,0.0047799717,0.94893456,0.0010627632,0.043031,0.00021534468],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033557404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030099511,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7327477,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011339334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000026339105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5677319},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896396716","doi":"10.2351/1.5059766","title":"On-line monitoring of CO2 laser welding using neural networks","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Automotive industry; Laser beam welding; Artificial neural network; Computer science; Laser; Robot welding; Production line; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Line (geometry); Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03478427548887009,"score_gpt":0.2770997984191682,"score_spread":0.24231552293029812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896396716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96457744,0.00018335103,0.031812318,0.000015704918,0.0003545669,0.00005596585,7.8452365e-7,0.00041072242,0.002589137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99578995,0.00018212976,0.0036586153,0.000008886568,0.0002646008,0.0000019135869,8.716685e-7,0.000025759207,0.000067307556],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994554,0.0000065327536,0.00016016937,0.000087922956,0.00009322629,0.00019675457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999734,0.000055545308,0.000020190788,0.00012926795,0.00001862345,0.00004239084],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048629896,0.0001082676,0.00013033078,0.00005673278,0.000039223305,0.00001687216,0.00009476668,0.000069963884,0.00006114198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009753478,0.00009151554,0.000042356667,0.00014741719,0.000014247787,0.00005697184,0.000026831069,0.00012841978,0.0000010635835],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056280687,0.000008807191,0.0038426977,0.000013925548,0.000010934301,0.000009994537,0.000006606234,0.99419653,0.0005000006,0.00003917588,0.00027558027,0.001090119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001365898,0.000052598425,0.00050616334,0.00012374338,0.000010912363,0.0000111158615,0.000023875426,0.8380031,0.1605945,0.00011289377,0.00026033205,0.00016416192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005398001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022896434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16009448,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023331659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000016943899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37318954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896489020","doi":"10.2351/1.5062899","title":"Laser and electron beam welding of 25 mm thick A516 Gr.70 steel","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Heat-affected zone; Acicular ferrite; Metallurgy; Electron beam welding; Ferrite (magnet); Composite material; Electric resistance welding; Microstructure; Cathode ray; Bainite; Electron","score_opus":0.006515766803782178,"score_gpt":0.21428731885382576,"score_spread":0.20777155205004358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896489020","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729073,0.00046850057,0.0010236052,0.00015502541,0.000050362483,0.00014721182,0.0000017872737,0.0004239326,0.024822265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99621385,0.0004347437,0.00237364,0.000033446002,0.000039525126,0.000012976387,0.0000014895388,0.000018784642,0.00087151234],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951166,0.000005354408,0.00012751142,0.00009360073,0.000079508,0.00018235538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976456,0.00003647164,0.00001594748,0.000116617986,0.000022773835,0.00004363532],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004874975,0.000097660115,0.0001241309,0.00004691857,0.000027578913,0.0000263495,0.000080686026,0.00008142518,0.00021541204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008153291,0.000075374344,0.000024839617,0.000066949695,0.000021916738,0.000098029675,0.000035933634,0.00010807201,0.000012052858],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016614786,0.00018012141,0.015276509,0.0014907462,0.0004055589,0.000012782182,0.00062508485,0.016348043,0.42194876,0.0067667468,0.503318,0.03361098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011178341,0.000062816565,0.0038325624,0.000050696653,0.000009351902,0.0000037603868,0.000037067322,0.0009386528,0.9878251,0.00079592003,0.0061827344,0.00014957167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022132856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019385201,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5658763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011678669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000038533904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30736765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896526076","doi":"10.2351/1.5059427","title":"The effects of Au and Ni plating on pulsed laser welding of thin sheets in the lap-joint configuration","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Brass; Metallurgy; Welding; Base metal; Plating (geology); Brazing; Microstructure; Shear strength (soil); Joint (building); Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Shear (geology); Alloy; FOIL method; Copper","score_opus":0.006358528522644184,"score_gpt":0.20554845913905526,"score_spread":0.19918993061641108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896526076","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9703797,0.000094908435,0.000070601636,0.0001167937,0.0000341939,0.00017151254,7.123564e-7,0.00004636869,0.02908518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996252,0.00015572521,0.000114107526,0.000018702014,0.000019013773,0.000008364993,8.0469e-7,0.0000063292227,0.00005173444],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99958134,0.000030537656,0.0001520804,0.000054067972,0.00008984809,0.00009211825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995035,0.0003606045,0.000021689772,0.00009802205,0.000006888598,0.000009322638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019936844,0.00006301625,0.000087378736,0.000023969831,0.00004731788,0.000015790625,0.00006643107,0.000040806295,0.000034351942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050641152,0.000032601063,0.0000165216,0.00006536492,0.00002480831,0.000032198153,0.0000065381614,0.000087454166,6.295357e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023099365,0.00027485465,0.0065095453,0.0031685955,0.00020896787,0.000042309974,0.016864061,0.45442298,0.17777625,0.00981362,0.011832863,0.31885493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022263482,0.00010967503,0.015267389,0.0003028919,0.000006329185,0.0000015610938,0.00017436576,0.0051827347,0.9780628,0.00037317487,0.00022256562,0.00007385199],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002241264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000083622435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8002866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010292497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003605189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13294327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896602220","doi":"10.2351/1.5061540","title":"Effect of joint gap on Nd: YAG laser welded Ti-6Al-4V","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Research Manitoba; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Joint (building); Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Composite material; Microstructure; Porosity; Laser beam welding; Alloy; Metallurgy; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.010486667428012044,"score_gpt":0.2398513125718567,"score_spread":0.22936464514384466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896602220","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86792594,0.00011392202,0.00090878597,0.00020551789,0.00013165733,0.00021333159,0.0000038498947,0.0009795983,0.12951739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985268,0.000058576396,0.00068909914,0.000047070724,0.000056782705,0.0000047354256,0.0000025118336,0.000014096766,0.00060032675],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994874,0.000017154556,0.00013671794,0.000095787276,0.00010959674,0.00015337234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969584,0.000053057694,0.000015705611,0.00018351413,0.000009689805,0.00004221859],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010297287,0.00012197751,0.00017873727,0.00005926398,0.000018031189,0.000012423443,0.000084613195,0.000077721954,0.00021203421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019519302,0.00008409075,0.00006726262,0.000075412114,0.000010679457,0.000030378731,0.000011192609,0.000101408084,0.00003451042],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025624898,0.0003329638,0.0009853388,0.0011906725,0.00019810231,0.00010788042,0.00016902562,0.08003674,0.15979394,0.0054974197,0.61661965,0.13481203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018748545,0.0006843296,0.00080870435,0.00008487827,0.0000094375055,0.0000019127688,0.0000021276603,0.00048364236,0.9947441,0.00029368987,0.002587029,0.000112647984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020263182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036059157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83495015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016870528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000021523128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34291214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896672849","doi":"10.2351/1.5062053","title":"Remote laser welding of zinc-coated sheet metal component in a lap configuration utilizing humping effect","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Laser beam welding; Welding; Materials science; Laser; Electric resistance welding; Laser power scaling; Mechanical engineering; Optics; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.012076764781971538,"score_gpt":0.24876908069375947,"score_spread":0.23669231591178794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896672849","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98243713,0.000043081785,0.0022607653,0.00003429799,0.0002101484,0.00021383639,0.000002320385,0.00042181747,0.014376614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99681264,0.000022815475,0.0030508211,0.0000074748145,0.000037277852,0.0000047397007,0.000010940693,0.000022917558,0.000030358871],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99924105,0.00002975803,0.00027571127,0.000134627,0.00012363822,0.00019521762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996298,0.00011314553,0.000037074402,0.0001588836,0.000022395941,0.000038682832],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028143707,0.0001408712,0.00023796316,0.00013839835,0.000034161203,0.000024004828,0.00011149802,0.00012161456,0.000134323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049094273,0.0001193415,0.000055119523,0.000165209,0.000027094202,0.000100418656,0.0000321213,0.0002695972,0.000005131168],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001830687,0.000018751296,0.0008726401,0.0002049767,0.000031486037,0.000013298476,0.000092084265,0.010337789,0.9838581,0.00047446293,0.0002273141,0.0038507981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002578866,0.000036531612,0.0019686997,0.00014539318,0.000011630615,0.000004846004,0.000020415713,0.027475052,0.96944624,0.00010850751,0.00038457647,0.00014021761],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042139908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00027060145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017137263,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019863948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004925006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48666054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896742911","doi":"10.2351/1.5060357","title":"Optimization of aluminium laser welding using Taguchi and EM methods","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean; Aluminium Refining, Degassing and Filtering (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Taguchi methods; Fillet (mechanics); Welding; Materials science; Orthogonal array; Laser beam welding; Laser; Laser power scaling; Design of experiments; Process window; Robustness (evolution); Fillet weld; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Composite material; Optics; Mathematics; Engineering; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.019467243548687722,"score_gpt":0.29706377410138096,"score_spread":0.27759653055269323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896742911","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29055548,0.00015437002,0.70731694,0.000012641244,0.00005545283,0.000048280075,0.0000010177866,0.00019141549,0.0016644219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.45416707,0.00008530402,0.5457093,0.000005458472,0.000012354128,8.966005e-7,6.8540334e-7,0.000009749756,0.000009138205],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967664,0.000008766758,0.00011442472,0.000068203015,0.000044994,0.000086981025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985266,0.000018465767,0.000016532038,0.000071244285,0.000014891553,0.000026204474],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008447012,0.00006667103,0.0000960831,0.000051929735,0.000025347632,0.000014947809,0.000038905848,0.000054887878,0.000031418225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012686564,0.000057627352,0.000017564895,0.0000889496,0.00001556955,0.00006748528,0.0000236661,0.00004437011,1.8225752e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.825596e-7,0.000004319353,0.000048061604,0.000040294246,0.000009030629,5.0360524e-7,0.000058490317,0.9933742,0.0053772414,0.00016577415,0.000033431883,0.0008876561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012800247,0.0000171085,0.00008246567,0.000057271467,0.000013447771,0.0000061696373,0.000078737365,0.06944215,0.92946965,0.0005088906,0.00009791991,0.000098194054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047772515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036430256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9240924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015877698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004398731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23499753},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897028826","doi":"10.2351/1.5060519","title":"A 2-D thermal model for laser transmission welding of thermoplastics","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Finite element method; Thermal; Transient (computer programming); Laser; Laser beam welding; Joint (building); Mechanical engineering; Transmission (telecommunications); Composite material; Structural engineering; Optics; Computer science; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.014618527613780364,"score_gpt":0.23059587015829314,"score_spread":0.21597734254451278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2897028826","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2101671,0.00011124331,0.78267586,0.00007786171,0.000019648278,0.000108512315,0.000007369159,0.00028864227,0.006543743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9118766,0.00006320944,0.087679945,0.000012732758,0.000044522832,0.000009620431,0.0000013451765,0.000018317842,0.00029368573],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967086,0.0000018148271,0.00011060109,0.000053669144,0.000052945477,0.00011008265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998494,0.000035094276,0.000009517878,0.000064996944,0.000014571443,0.000026460199],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035319652,0.00006801954,0.00008160194,0.000025586884,0.000020024747,0.000005283656,0.000068172296,0.000055186567,0.000054437172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000031337715,0.00004961302,0.000044818877,0.000028221388,0.000008860167,0.00003922508,0.000006122898,0.000039013375,9.213521e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000079580195,0.000012043953,0.0000070136534,0.00005454063,0.000008753779,9.6441156e-8,0.00008242123,0.9606345,0.021828191,0.00019836165,0.0017149018,0.0154511975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008385235,0.000010798741,0.000008736005,0.000018360884,0.000005350063,1.8074121e-7,0.0000036739807,0.5949654,0.40289336,0.00013443011,0.0018281118,0.000047715603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000018077411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021205128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7017095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008229181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000043028485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20231603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897448362","doi":"10.2351/1.5059997","title":"Non-destructive evaluation of laser welds in tailor-welded blanks using magnetic flux leakage","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Magnetic flux leakage; Welding; Blank; Robustness (evolution); Magnetic flux; Mechanical engineering; Leakage (economics); Engineering; Nondestructive testing; Materials science; Magnetic field; Magnet","score_opus":0.023695307883473314,"score_gpt":0.2642035673814881,"score_spread":0.24050825949801477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2897448362","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9602291,0.00014497695,0.0011938385,0.000006432911,0.00008872984,0.00022147762,0.0000019374984,0.000085057625,0.038028475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945004,0.000019742465,0.005337559,0.0000052438927,0.000015307332,0.0000110496385,0.0000026413932,0.000018298822,0.00008978309],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992921,0.000036171718,0.00019292778,0.00011340902,0.00020473801,0.00016065297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997244,0.000022649658,0.00002263994,0.00014405113,0.00005876919,0.000027495993],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026672886,0.00010725232,0.00013937727,0.00011619317,0.000017973032,0.000011086976,0.00006961539,0.00010403528,0.00062932324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033258595,0.000097247175,0.000030402734,0.00020484497,0.000025350078,0.00007340855,0.000013082201,0.00010298278,0.0000051827456],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003087553,0.0001530635,0.013322173,0.00038285626,0.00007216455,0.00001883873,0.00084501447,0.8553576,0.11700672,0.001368945,0.0025357264,0.008906054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007459376,0.00009855044,0.008790455,0.00011455963,0.000052628337,0.000008396365,0.00023758091,0.05463776,0.93069357,0.0042003845,0.00016051963,0.00025967567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000143785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006844616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81368685,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000078401696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024347639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68906486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898065193","doi":"10.2351/1.5059484","title":"A gap-detection technique for laser beam butt welding","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Miller Group (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Bridging (networking); Narrow gap; Laser; Materials science; Optics; Computer science; Acoustics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.010688405943864254,"score_gpt":0.2262716115354463,"score_spread":0.21558320559158206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2898065193","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22704162,0.00024121911,0.6527076,0.00017447623,0.00028247666,0.0015468246,0.000024911198,0.0064382683,0.111542635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9835669,0.00015679616,0.013857718,0.00003177674,0.00014232834,0.00032082942,0.000003950431,0.00003768764,0.0018820381],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99950415,0.0000036889805,0.000121326935,0.000117149546,0.000059683436,0.00019402463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978036,0.000029712199,0.000007795689,0.00012793041,0.000015085833,0.000039096987],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000073995616,0.000107998225,0.00009681052,0.000054304463,0.00006946802,0.00002917647,0.00008406938,0.000111407884,0.0005572518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000072633,0.00009391021,0.000058390862,0.0001021389,0.000010934256,0.00007288963,0.000008007253,0.00008728284,0.000019376916],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010824965,0.00013257765,0.00012574467,0.00072249916,0.00015254437,0.00001559186,0.00014074854,0.12198029,0.5333128,0.0004454482,0.09826665,0.24459687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000080697944,0.00004866798,0.000027888342,0.000027314374,0.0000063532448,0.000008128095,0.0000060862267,0.00072420016,0.9200283,0.0010152174,0.077890486,0.00013664458],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000390145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016649346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7565253,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031446452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000027227413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61015165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2906466121","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1288","title":"Residual Stress Analysis of A362 Aluminum Alloy Gear Case Using Neutron Diffraction","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials science forum","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Neutron diffraction; Residual stress; Alloy; Eutectic system; Stress corrosion cracking; Metallurgy; Metallography; Microstructure; Casing; Stress (linguistics); Diffraction; Composite material; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01763248251513559,"score_gpt":0.2755898171540435,"score_spread":0.2579573346389079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2906466121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984689,0.000022970653,0.00042882666,0.00003397847,0.0005323269,0.00009580856,0.00010007249,0.00017176053,0.00014536107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977308,0.000015609425,0.0020749064,0.000008549953,0.0001290059,0.0000040974724,0.0000063848183,0.000015039719,0.000015594793],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988332,0.000021346721,0.00027560923,0.00022425994,0.00026141448,0.00038416154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994504,0.000018502882,0.00008486952,0.0002911166,0.00008881407,0.00006633092],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003427283,0.0001272526,0.000244783,0.0003877079,0.00022481917,0.00012508384,0.00024390906,0.00006891231,0.00018928836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002843857,0.000110124594,0.000043075535,0.0008582942,0.00048764114,0.0003183398,0.00011495898,0.000042615186,0.000004393921],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008980682,0.000014820442,0.0006011264,0.0000254702,0.00004168166,0.000024718574,0.00009347299,0.007973409,0.9908512,0.00007403761,0.00018497983,0.00010608504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000050624127,0.00006465063,0.0039737704,0.000030093803,0.00012647854,0.000036172692,0.0002231899,0.007579181,0.98761994,0.000029682136,0.00013051667,0.00013568274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015609096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033125095,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003372644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006664335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023513667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44907504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2911664900","doi":"10.3390/ma12030335","title":"Application of Cold Wire Gas Metal Arc Welding for Narrow Gap Welding (NGW) of High Strength Low Alloy Steel","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ford Motor Company (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Gas metal arc welding; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Electric resistance welding; Shielding gas; Arc welding; Composite material; Cold welding; Submerged arc welding; Upset welding","score_opus":0.008965750521696155,"score_gpt":0.2219647895385602,"score_spread":0.21299903901686404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2911664900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974136,0.000100483165,0.0008431962,0.000035483667,0.00035311375,0.00062720425,0.00018001195,0.00019436465,0.0002525946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953329,0.000034588447,0.004248185,0.0000052820446,0.0001047689,0.00009374641,0.000035317127,0.000045386565,0.00009981441],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990486,0.00001965477,0.0004081415,0.000173318,0.00014279674,0.00020747507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943274,0.000067021574,0.00015223552,0.00026251958,0.00005204802,0.00003342913],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022965834,0.00015919658,0.00041127898,0.000076639764,0.000027482907,0.000023518021,0.00019432696,0.00011909647,0.00012248216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020907433,0.00014642651,0.00006630186,0.00007874752,0.00002388451,0.000064245156,0.00004519379,0.00004046607,0.0000056378867],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028494218,0.000024424342,0.00013014284,0.0011772889,0.000046596408,3.2534024e-7,0.000048329806,0.008321909,0.9869326,0.002573816,0.00045153682,0.0002645497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027652094,0.00008080189,0.00022566746,0.00016916511,0.000030623698,0.0000010265998,0.000029289997,0.00045701588,0.9963368,0.00039058022,0.0018492375,0.00015324978],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012806182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044605576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009404235,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002999505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007511822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59711},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912133241","doi":"10.1002/pen.25058","title":"A Refined One‐Slit‐Ring Method to Quantify Residual Hoop Stress in Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe—Application to Specimens After Immersion in Primer","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymer Engineering and Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Alberta","funders":"Mitacs; University of Alberta","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Cylinder stress; Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride; Composite material; Polyvinyl chloride; Primer (cosmetics); Finite element method; Shell (structure); Chloride; Stress (linguistics); Structural engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.008524382911712175,"score_gpt":0.25100844876557715,"score_spread":0.24248406585386498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912133241","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98641366,0.00043868154,0.011918872,0.00025443663,0.00017156369,0.00034277615,0.000007789107,0.00022558923,0.0002266197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911903,0.00003468725,0.008484985,0.000035090925,0.000052834184,0.000083335115,0.0000019481347,0.000032990334,0.00008383387],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983381,0.000011140742,0.0002904701,0.00049457396,0.00029857553,0.00056711846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936754,0.000059203034,0.000020791478,0.00032793978,0.000025601727,0.00019892729],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046553128,0.00022138284,0.0002539117,0.00074849697,0.000037512174,0.00007561217,0.00029600336,0.000083270104,0.00001299636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032143827,0.00022436377,0.000022443102,0.0014029887,0.000023669261,0.00020856151,0.00016723388,0.00022940825,0.000021330485],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056110697,0.00003124075,0.009341708,0.000107668355,0.000006159791,0.000008285133,0.0005929188,0.06907705,0.9169305,0.0003279221,0.000008231974,0.003512205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000184695,0.000046238416,0.12895739,0.00030041373,0.000003933239,0.0000030485246,0.00005581971,0.019106178,0.85079837,0.0000065113295,0.00021888874,0.00031852623],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00066513516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040727937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11961568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013959839,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022103864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9149289},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2916011195","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2018-0495","title":"Simulation of heat transfer at welding with oscillating electron beam","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bulgarian National Science Fund; Macquarie University","keywords":"Physics; Welding; Beam (structure); Electron beam welding; Oscillation (cell signaling); Cathode ray; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Work (physics); Aluminium; Electron; Weld pool; Distribution (mathematics); Optics; Arc welding; Materials science; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Mathematical analysis; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.007141220375144741,"score_gpt":0.19787964390842633,"score_spread":0.19073842353328158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2916011195","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914068,0.00019353435,0.0075263386,0.000015727708,0.00007517753,0.000053554846,0.000004524986,0.000012821458,0.00071149564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995996,0.000010512384,0.0002451453,0.0000069213447,0.00010247907,2.1229631e-7,0.0000011501795,0.000019386855,0.0000146093225],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99955165,0.0000054154025,0.00014958529,0.000042031512,0.00009472083,0.00015660083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970835,0.00003783857,0.00001761288,0.00006557615,0.00006364706,0.00010696103],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048337064,0.00007392452,0.00014265954,0.00005745295,0.000033514152,0.000011978631,0.00006992549,0.000036653462,0.000027101869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004634279,0.000061788465,0.000045052344,0.000107434425,0.000014806444,0.00009576881,0.0000019062427,0.000120743854,0.0000011623758],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004661277,0.0000013930588,0.0037362631,0.000042863867,0.000023386732,0.0000034581403,0.00015039371,0.9846961,0.0108686825,0.00005103049,0.000058990467,0.00036276167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048826236,0.0004676803,0.002060919,0.00057092606,0.000054650518,0.000023403943,0.00006638976,0.035903923,0.95691675,0.00038137805,0.002776094,0.00028963244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003323962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009081885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9487922,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012464398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000076829645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25196603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2918385368","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2019.1584455","title":"Dimensionless representation of the column characteristics and weld pool interactions for a DC argon arc","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Arc (geometry); Dimensionless quantity; Materials science; Mechanics; Plasma arc welding; Argon; Current (fluid); Gas tungsten arc welding; Electric arc; Welding; Thermodynamics; Arc welding; Atomic physics; Composite material; Geometry; Physics; Electrode; Mathematics","score_opus":0.011670250771944746,"score_gpt":0.2564535299599,"score_spread":0.24478327918795525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2918385368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99798965,0.00007063533,0.00086069276,0.00047075973,0.00015505741,0.00015063895,0.0000027644896,0.000081338505,0.000218443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99695534,0.000053263248,0.0029500185,0.000008971189,0.000006699275,0.0000073372416,2.005686e-7,0.0000043382774,0.000013828628],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99954784,0.0000034374514,0.00013554051,0.000117007396,0.000083683364,0.000112501104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996478,0.00006280562,0.00006402673,0.00013416099,0.00007655885,0.000014666697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017184654,0.000048419366,0.00010864258,0.0001386905,0.00011631521,0.000014649861,0.00011834125,0.000040810548,0.000001952953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016876592,0.00003791338,0.000013373831,0.00042011205,0.0003102225,0.000111988564,0.00008753942,0.00008000243,1.4121261e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008775237,0.000014008103,0.08294213,0.00011770496,0.000014346075,3.6933122e-7,0.00027499482,0.00027960222,0.8886706,0.006275508,0.00009599322,0.021305969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013039519,0.00006859025,0.018096516,0.00021630811,0.000010677379,0.0000152118255,0.0005912023,0.0040964023,0.97461826,0.0017854113,0.00030439047,0.000066646455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009688159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002482931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08594765,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000961951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013545332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15460628},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W29195966","doi":"10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.058","title":"The constitutive stress-strain behavior of laser welds in 304L austenitic stainless steel.","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; California Dairy Research Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Austenite; Metallurgy; Strain (injury); Welding; Constitutive equation; Stress (linguistics); Austenitic stainless steel; Strain rate; Stress–strain curve; Composite material; Deformation (meteorology); Microstructure; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Corrosion; Engineering","score_opus":0.00867372914223468,"score_gpt":0.22044151239691945,"score_spread":0.21176778325468476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W29195966","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95335937,0.00033890724,0.001729589,0.000062036335,0.0002157251,0.0003637206,0.0010831157,0.00012576219,0.042721767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985072,0.00008206359,0.0008186332,0.000004079235,0.000008590736,0.000043623895,0.00046237776,0.0000056263057,0.00006781615],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987452,0.000016195096,0.00063090806,0.00010154879,0.00030429222,0.0002018442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992995,0.00014550524,0.00016194214,0.0002067615,0.00014440758,0.000041838244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002641904,0.00013073771,0.00020945918,0.00016325098,0.00010053368,0.00005170978,0.00020677048,0.00010583962,0.000015256286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036178302,0.00009839516,0.00005443437,0.00031848307,0.00074326945,0.00029822023,0.000071647,0.00009553071,9.3941026e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042887166,0.0024463793,0.049584888,0.0023435522,0.00027368864,0.000044903212,0.00006343972,0.14782837,0.021364316,0.72460276,0.02087596,0.03014287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017582717,0.0004440669,0.4513242,0.00075672416,0.00016438558,0.000028723429,0.00014621673,0.00030243825,0.49913856,0.0030097023,0.04216783,0.00075887894],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007127906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018104268,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7215931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031649506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043207237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40124384},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923503704","doi":"10.4236/msce.2019.73002","title":"Experimental Investigation of Laser Welding Process in Overlap Joint Configuration","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Taguchi methods; Galvanization; Laser power scaling; Laser; Design of experiments; Penetration depth; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.008339050396035472,"score_gpt":0.2181423002997304,"score_spread":0.20980324990369492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2923503704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995761,0.00007803294,0.00007339683,0.000012333715,0.00015747189,0.00004553743,7.065966e-7,0.000015897263,0.000040546554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992996,0.000015035582,0.00063670456,0.0000037836326,0.000037103287,0.0000012811522,2.7372653e-7,0.00000562916,6.243406e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938256,0.0000024186272,0.00026665657,0.00005574711,0.00019585954,0.000096734366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979526,0.00001135007,0.000062713065,0.000037033777,0.000053185384,0.000040438692],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028479335,0.00006065334,0.00014736479,0.0001115154,0.000007345747,0.000030806652,0.00007934909,0.000035480098,0.000014242204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040004674,0.00005056899,0.000011445077,0.00013073423,0.000035756664,0.0002876997,0.000014950429,0.000058023204,3.269211e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000040684986,0.0000034469047,0.00011465063,0.000108859815,0.0000015572018,9.224887e-7,0.00012516066,0.022742089,0.9768623,0.000019378083,0.000006020227,0.000011522187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012991513,0.00002854508,0.0005158026,0.00024932902,0.0000016731342,0.00001295654,0.000072470284,0.0013349941,0.9975613,0.000030164148,0.000004795296,0.00005806267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000019370075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4100673e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021407096,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003873577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020140458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20621437},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2924658959","doi":"10.1088/1361-6501/ab1245","title":"An electrode misalignment inspection system based on image processing technology for use in resistance spot welding","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Measurement Science and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Spot welding; Welding; Electrode; Image processing; Computer science; Computer vision; Materials science; Acoustics; Engineering drawing; Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering; Image (mathematics); Composite material; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.0147079082679929,"score_gpt":0.23315644753145007,"score_spread":0.21844853926345717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2924658959","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752273,0.00031034023,0.01905173,0.0006937128,0.0001385892,0.0008711499,0.0000026399011,0.0028829826,0.0008215409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899167,0.000015858315,0.00988798,0.000013113499,0.000011660323,0.00013245494,5.2320553e-7,0.000018079989,0.000003637979],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984878,0.000008460302,0.00019635771,0.00042135388,0.00046622896,0.00041984316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993301,0.000011688821,0.000047347705,0.00031505155,0.00026035952,0.00003542459],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009715011,0.00015013712,0.00017933914,0.0010916837,0.00018155419,0.000087410655,0.0002956048,0.00015821561,7.1933863e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011853464,0.0001367657,0.000012459517,0.0013665343,0.00020033478,0.00026091063,0.000023083538,0.00017401109,0.0000014744696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041180032,0.000074501826,0.006808039,0.00040413803,0.0000045100273,0.000006055843,0.000020395137,0.0019596533,0.9807584,0.0048300265,0.00019262682,0.0049004457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041459445,0.00030344055,0.0005939451,0.000520756,0.0000064016394,0.000004567314,0.0002634853,0.05823143,0.93785864,0.00049797783,0.0010775949,0.00022715727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008956632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009139417,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.056271773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00073369243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007779082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55771434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2932547432","doi":"10.3390/ma12071071","title":"Effect of Arc Pressure on the Digging Process in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding of A5052P Aluminum Alloy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science and Technology Major Project; China Scholarship Council; Beijing University of Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Alberta","keywords":"Keyhole; Plasma arc welding; Welding; Materials science; Weld pool; Polarity (international relations); Mechanics; Electrode; Arc (geometry); Arc welding; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Gas tungsten arc welding; Physics","score_opus":0.005481185987472519,"score_gpt":0.22164704741005134,"score_spread":0.21616586142257882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2932547432","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971251,0.000047992202,0.000013349023,0.000024755574,0.00023829906,0.000440593,0.00005139287,0.000104416446,0.001954108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997023,0.000015916505,0.00013786422,0.000005200876,0.000038712602,0.000029080893,0.000004779836,0.000025667823,0.000040482646],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991326,0.00009853487,0.00027544572,0.00013186198,0.00015749234,0.000204118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938935,0.0002584317,0.0000782898,0.00023766028,0.000017822156,0.00001842453],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00073415437,0.00014450098,0.0003525912,0.00006441409,0.000020705587,0.000029193428,0.00024152281,0.00010457319,0.0002445577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000078969024,0.000095218864,0.000029331695,0.00010812984,0.000023764413,0.00006228345,0.00005625939,0.00009941716,0.0000047273943],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001248894,0.000031293657,0.004390953,0.0035779723,0.000058009893,0.0000021188869,0.00025303382,0.032678396,0.9578581,0.00074708345,0.00018986508,0.00008831468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020204086,0.00013541422,0.00070967164,0.000653853,0.000016863516,0.0000012684353,0.0000145071,0.0003319358,0.9971756,0.00019631076,0.00046225198,0.00010030144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017658291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024238752,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03931751,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014364877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007693029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38829124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2942255331","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.102","title":"Heat and pressure characteristics in hollow cathode centered negative pressure arc column","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Beijing University of Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Alberta","keywords":"Arc (geometry); Cathode; Plasma arc welding; Plasma; Materials science; Anode; RADIUS; Mechanics; Cathodic arc deposition; Electric arc; Chemistry; Electrode; Cathodic protection; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0047627172182691194,"score_gpt":0.1786632360668201,"score_spread":0.17390051884855098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2942255331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950613,0.00058886537,0.00058104564,0.000015994578,0.00020324634,0.00049376296,0.00004088679,0.00052327494,0.0024916553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99825644,0.00011353108,0.0013053135,0.000013582154,0.000076603406,0.00006125367,0.000009784644,0.00006763293,0.00009582963],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912816,0.0000073060805,0.00020315312,0.00021646809,0.00011397754,0.00033095607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996375,0.000059411206,0.000013797493,0.00020851532,0.000010732849,0.00007005159],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007551556,0.00023200616,0.00029404258,0.00007875317,0.000021960865,0.00004767418,0.00014985188,0.00014045018,0.000048854883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008794264,0.00023479188,0.000026657337,0.00011155698,0.000016096834,0.00007637385,0.000071758026,0.00030002184,0.000008248918],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006083829,0.000047129823,0.006424447,0.0013136645,0.00021172398,0.00002173173,0.0011215458,0.56185347,0.4253059,0.00070194184,0.00016527875,0.0027723578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002685316,0.00013347993,0.24559292,0.0008722802,0.0001580332,0.00002735622,0.00015023242,0.37858215,0.3409004,0.00011777215,0.028752374,0.002027696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003264619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003656101,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23916848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019364157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005404053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9574535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943369041","doi":"","title":"A Study On Residual Stress Distribution And Relaxation In Welded Components","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Twentieth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Integrity Testing Laboratory (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Stress (linguistics); Distribution (mathematics); Materials science; Mathematics; Metallurgy; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.01645733630197716,"score_gpt":0.24398006706469402,"score_spread":0.22752273076271687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2943369041","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973954,0.000054335567,0.0011397669,0.0002827947,0.0005458709,0.00016462793,0.000055297853,0.00011259262,0.00024931564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996034,0.000095556505,0.00010603769,0.0000075510643,0.000081608276,0.000015638276,0.000053832566,0.0000114072045,0.000024979465],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944466,0.000011982319,0.00014947855,0.00012409188,0.00015248767,0.00011731848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973786,0.00006166675,0.000024287905,0.0001130194,0.000027666814,0.00003547985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014736193,0.000119430246,0.000095892414,0.000067027635,0.000039600072,0.00007996158,0.00015030224,0.000059805247,0.000011541683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003877654,0.000093424096,0.000012495795,0.000058233127,0.000025907733,0.00008284822,0.00005057477,0.00035458303,0.0000015218558],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004319407,0.0012921547,0.70859295,0.0004973504,0.0009586283,0.00025113777,0.012115315,0.05568065,0.08924886,0.104138546,0.0057731527,0.021019321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005888471,0.00012514033,0.951546,0.00018384308,0.000018693469,0.000019589443,0.00021154355,0.034149315,0.008177968,0.000486641,0.0041966597,0.00029574274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007483654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006898259,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24295306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015876727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000041553903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38097242},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944915067","doi":"10.1007/s40430-019-1765-0","title":"Attaining optimized A-TIG welding parameters for carbon steels by advanced parameter-less optimization techniques: with experimental validation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Process optimization; Process (computing); Mechanical engineering; Response surface methodology; Process variable; Materials science; Process engineering; Arc welding; Computer science; Engineering; Machine learning","score_opus":0.010973213806774247,"score_gpt":0.23369472961713125,"score_spread":0.222721515810357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2944915067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83166367,0.0003442315,0.16733168,0.00011660286,0.00018128759,0.00027759743,0.000003711099,0.00005642083,0.000024781011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.68738395,0.00015228552,0.312408,0.0000103250295,0.000018741974,0.0000069091934,4.278165e-7,0.000013749279,0.000005584251],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991136,0.000012847493,0.0003023881,0.00012540778,0.00025334905,0.00019239467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999493,0.00015474176,0.00016453482,0.00008908348,0.00004155321,0.000057076955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045370375,0.00013571243,0.0002568935,0.000032966713,0.00007201769,0.00005118611,0.00024777054,0.00008518586,0.000002448462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028637367,0.00008889385,0.00013545461,0.00018399717,0.0000517711,0.00020772094,0.000040515664,0.0001449349,1.4141067e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018587069,0.000010917883,0.000039544506,0.00008115102,0.00003359979,9.099244e-8,0.000113570015,0.9285071,0.07054014,0.0000238654,0.00007272371,0.00055871304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039126654,0.00035504292,0.0000064045107,0.0003935598,0.000020333086,0.00001037544,0.0005270462,0.34995678,0.64808047,0.000033794484,0.00009407024,0.00013087007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000059157537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.12897055e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57855034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053167714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013224777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3624986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945245958","doi":"10.1520/mpc20180122","title":"Residual Stresses, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of EB-Welded 90-mm-Thick UNS S41500 Martensitic Stainless Steel after PWHT","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Performance and Characterization","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Electric (Canada); Hydro-Québec; École de Technologie Supérieure; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Martensitic stainless steel; Welding; Residual stress; Metallurgy; Martensite; Tempering; Microstructure; Pressure vessel; Charpy impact test; Necking; Composite material","score_opus":0.005930903321696292,"score_gpt":0.17455035810439676,"score_spread":0.16861945478270046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2945245958","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99898285,0.00012935027,0.000025540867,0.000045812583,0.00027564113,0.00029046444,0.00011731182,0.00011547176,0.000017535174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99807113,0.0014343101,0.000096337615,0.000045614113,0.00010015775,0.000025149331,0.00011542451,0.00003273141,0.00007913334],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991585,0.000025160132,0.00030273027,0.00018531537,0.00012248613,0.00020582402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966806,0.0000069828275,0.000070053655,0.0001591875,0.00005492571,0.00004081342],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000093904506,0.0001885941,0.00028850656,0.00006799312,0.00005103374,0.000100876045,0.00007050483,0.00015294211,0.00009959292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004029589,0.00015067277,0.000013825109,0.0000587802,0.000050620318,0.00028637,0.0000674752,0.00007625946,0.0000044134827],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011883498,0.000009356869,0.0019559923,0.0014704781,0.000017871394,0.0000015914537,0.00019197642,0.000020861555,0.9955816,0.000035485667,0.00001868354,0.00057721726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023309568,0.00009003967,0.11083569,0.0003974044,0.000020368981,0.000012275764,0.000034588666,0.00022346205,0.8876006,0.000016942515,0.00034392183,0.0001916289],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012080592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030129163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10887969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012507105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010794533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6144257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945848214","doi":"10.2351/1.5061272","title":"Laser beam welding of titanium – A comparison of CO2 and fiber laser for potential aerospace applications","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Research Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Laser; Fiber laser; Ytterbium; Titanium alloy; Titanium; Laser power scaling; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Aerospace; Laser beam quality; Composite material; Alloy; Optoelectronics; Optics; Laser beams; Fiber; Doping; Engineering","score_opus":0.014997040723092865,"score_gpt":0.2526468213194712,"score_spread":0.23764978059637834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2945848214","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91479176,0.00045202742,0.07851242,0.000060110713,0.00004416173,0.00050880876,0.000057099398,0.0002543096,0.0053192703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743759,0.00016271764,0.024938332,0.000003334225,0.000029815716,0.0000395407,0.000007225912,0.000013751112,0.0004293919],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999603,0.0000023813443,0.00014999475,0.00007586433,0.00006315439,0.000105606356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976104,0.00003907434,0.000030663803,0.00009863798,0.00003817974,0.000032402382],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025146666,0.00006830402,0.00015226656,0.000032234537,0.00004113961,0.0000040317204,0.000049695067,0.00005794264,0.0000506697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000032352393,0.000060176346,0.000036492493,0.000062623556,0.00004331281,0.000031924435,0.000021936796,0.000040171664,0.0000013271341],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000116210336,0.0007660337,0.029417977,0.0026247057,0.0005105074,0.000004082811,0.0008243394,0.4276268,0.11895266,0.0009900652,0.41106665,0.0070999744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018972198,0.00004596793,0.0009000943,0.000020588188,0.000019725376,0.0000025816266,0.000051665193,0.0016110727,0.98481804,0.000047294772,0.012205087,0.00008817044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040187675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008869844,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86586535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000068255345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004548799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24539201},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2946405858","doi":"10.3390/ma12101666","title":"A Primary Study of Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding Using a Pulsed Plasma Gas","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality; China Scholarship Council; Beijing University of Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Alberta","keywords":"Plasma arc welding; Plasma; Arc (geometry); Materials science; Welding; Gas metal arc welding; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Arc welding; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.014140190922353966,"score_gpt":0.22297369837832456,"score_spread":0.2088335074559706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2946405858","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99683744,0.000030001236,0.00012324448,0.0000035486,0.00054953835,0.0004918638,0.000041304516,0.00030543655,0.0016176294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956015,0.00001507501,0.0041955076,0.000005727457,0.00007777604,0.000012941403,0.000007945002,0.00004225722,0.000041272724],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989722,0.000055411125,0.00035298578,0.00018078071,0.00017648564,0.00026217249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952894,0.000048528662,0.00007348509,0.00028122475,0.000027487205,0.000040348594],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029035672,0.00017177236,0.00040621994,0.00009527105,0.000045178997,0.00006942012,0.00018867546,0.00011060757,0.0004303475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018053854,0.00015721974,0.000027716835,0.00012969285,0.000013501453,0.000113006,0.00011369465,0.00008194406,0.000013756166],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000503455,0.0001122009,0.0024222932,0.0004739998,0.00006735243,0.0000069641947,0.00019063374,0.011687917,0.9847422,0.00005285275,0.00009501189,0.00009821626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000724979,0.00017107735,0.0016196197,0.00019883148,0.000040084346,0.000012477606,0.000107746884,0.0011377251,0.99515224,0.00019657884,0.0003942479,0.0002443987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00071419135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006845089,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010550192,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006859623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016298924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6411235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948089384","doi":"10.5185/amlett.2019.2262","title":"Selecting the correct electromagnetic inspection technology ","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials Letters","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Smart material; Systems engineering; Mechanical engineering; Nanotechnology; Engineering","score_opus":0.0018142226186370434,"score_gpt":0.17642611963586105,"score_spread":0.17461189701722402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2948089384","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950422,0.00013899058,0.00064961053,0.0008003484,0.00092250685,0.0002462324,0.0000018514642,0.001690548,0.0005076785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978473,0.00010384248,0.0016439129,0.00020100077,0.000087269524,0.000044905933,0.0000032355513,0.000033613374,0.000034905817],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993827,0.000015596566,0.0001397877,0.00013781337,0.000067932764,0.00025617145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971145,0.000032645316,0.000032876345,0.00019838705,0.000011584226,0.000013041212],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006286345,0.00012241065,0.00013404539,0.0000740975,0.00007330434,0.000037983096,0.00015399203,0.000060270148,0.00007470362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014811866,0.00009113807,0.000019318823,0.00021285504,0.000028907963,0.0000750632,0.000025633988,0.00012013606,0.00005792012],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000058047526,0.0000022368795,0.00007084766,0.000026226937,0.000009000424,0.0000017628364,0.000017627433,0.0036717944,0.99387574,0.000074203526,0.0011665428,0.0010782101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001063287,0.000060155053,0.00027138912,0.00003058367,0.0000059673466,0.00002511314,0.000020120757,0.00004470442,0.99540263,0.00023621491,0.003668223,0.00012856568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012140464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035095838,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00362709,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048722144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000029259352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37165025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948104696","doi":"10.1007/s40194-019-00747-8","title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of effect of welding sequence on distortion of stiffened panels","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Welding; Distortion (music); Solid mechanics; Materials science; Structural engineering; Shipbuilding; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.014941450355763957,"score_gpt":0.2568615698110408,"score_spread":0.24192011945527683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2948104696","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99861157,0.00013547554,0.0003675475,0.000024948311,0.00006495433,0.00015101788,0.0000015071874,0.00003246388,0.0006104878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996771,0.000004704337,0.00028104702,0.0000048846255,0.0000099951085,0.0000073854167,9.1966405e-7,0.000007360349,0.0000065539434],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995075,0.00004984152,0.00017432317,0.000075353884,0.00011539387,0.00007761311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959916,0.00021509454,0.000055076627,0.000110933266,0.000005830056,0.000013920877],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022515342,0.000070675735,0.00014662056,0.000090140464,0.000012294908,0.0000043730784,0.00008906337,0.000024950563,0.0000096606955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002095956,0.00005048991,0.000024661531,0.00018943843,0.000046676352,0.000047726848,0.000016606191,0.00007183374,3.872616e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004986275,0.000017281734,0.072812825,0.0002547603,0.00001080498,0.0000010353243,0.00075132697,0.018926997,0.9054925,0.00080076576,0.000027225371,0.00085461594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014266225,0.00017760486,0.02296879,0.00027584765,0.0000046892415,0.0000012099375,0.00004402918,0.0009843098,0.9752214,0.00012190881,0.000008209361,0.000049338196],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000050145176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.307728e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0697289,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023803856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000020720963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20589188},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2953012822","doi":"10.2351/1.5061326","title":"Infrared observations of a laser transmission welding process","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Laser beam welding; Welding; Optics; Infrared; Beam (structure); Optoelectronics; Composite material","score_opus":0.02946878763659475,"score_gpt":0.23753828780087807,"score_spread":0.20806950016428333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2953012822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95783055,0.00013263206,0.016572008,0.000045380595,0.000029705789,0.00008924298,0.0000028460854,0.0006196267,0.024678027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881335,0.00022826454,0.010889865,0.0000108407985,0.000015228266,0.000009046069,0.0000030895835,0.000011339551,0.00069883047],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996716,0.0000027161527,0.00011782966,0.00005095828,0.00007568452,0.00008125862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998477,0.000016166312,0.000010223939,0.00007118795,0.000026524162,0.000028199764],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000018367731,0.000056214998,0.000076777804,0.000038090944,0.000040117517,0.0000029744963,0.000070575654,0.00004520416,0.00009972049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006488572,0.000044963475,0.00002589598,0.00014518012,0.000015822805,0.000075030104,0.0000051110596,0.000049264065,0.0000012722105],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005198343,0.00037012566,0.031996768,0.0025841203,0.0001953704,0.00006528687,0.005760134,0.6479398,0.14936827,0.0012332108,0.15028623,0.010148704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001173001,0.000020971582,0.0051557627,0.00007927982,0.0000050023505,0.000005966,0.000035782457,0.0031391017,0.9830568,0.00092591264,0.0073481724,0.00010997557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000900009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.060946e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8336885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000056826307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008039015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18335573},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955265129","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.05.018","title":"Fabrication of artificial defects to study internal fatigue crack propagation in metals","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scripta Materialia","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Materials science; Synchrotron; Fabrication; Fatigue testing; Fracture mechanics; Composite material; Femtosecond; Diffusion; Laser; Metallurgy; Forensic engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.026518469258029195,"score_gpt":0.2724512222281558,"score_spread":0.24593275297012662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2955265129","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99157125,0.00001433617,0.0026385728,0.000011129663,0.004763952,0.0006158649,0.0000076153224,0.00011287282,0.0002644338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99869394,0.0000025195206,0.0009482672,0.0000064083465,0.00005874506,0.00004188875,0.000005939849,0.000015980027,0.00022630914],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993558,0.000035737525,0.00025926853,0.00012275313,0.00011399868,0.0001124399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997426,0.0000014982439,0.000037843838,0.0001611298,0.000033518518,0.000023358729],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016116745,0.000086710505,0.00015657158,0.00011084747,0.000009261023,0.000042281386,0.00012235178,0.000038732986,0.00013161944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026309623,0.00007785642,0.000019252677,0.0001403807,0.0000059790273,0.000093158575,0.00003686451,0.00003871122,0.00004380514],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005380193,0.000121435165,0.0139152985,0.00016399541,0.000026606256,0.0000032147916,0.0007277933,0.0004712513,0.97754955,0.00029553793,0.005163345,0.001508156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014737497,0.00017697318,0.059909422,0.00008155745,0.000010393548,5.710701e-7,0.000120562174,0.00044643215,0.937812,0.00043324011,0.00073591067,0.00012556397],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022746193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003703226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04599412,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031107804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000041802487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31748927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2965452667","doi":"10.11159/mmme19.137","title":"Selection of Optimum Welding Condition using Experimental Design Methods for the Automatic GMA Welding Process","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","keywords":"Welding; Selection (genetic algorithm); Process (computing); Computer science; Manufacturing engineering; Engineering drawing; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.01439532770795736,"score_gpt":0.28884232125413845,"score_spread":0.2744469935461811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2965452667","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99593735,0.00004296134,0.0019227208,0.000031525895,0.000916113,0.000844153,0.00000784902,0.00025712783,0.000040191448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9471225,0.000025935376,0.05255978,0.0000075795747,0.00010783235,0.0001063287,0.0000010360116,0.000054943,0.000014038142],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989754,0.0000075682215,0.00038210416,0.00021793129,0.00015728755,0.00025971877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937165,0.00023590158,0.00016095508,0.00009972965,0.00008489374,0.000046852292],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003510832,0.00024038214,0.00035119132,0.00010150941,0.000089045265,0.000082449915,0.0003095505,0.00011179591,0.000033007564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008414,0.00016892748,0.000091781134,0.00021734115,0.0000429827,0.00015261737,0.00009034378,0.00015808105,1.6546086e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048937778,0.000018878589,0.0000036055735,0.00089648797,0.000058965405,3.4958084e-8,0.000014456918,0.02161753,0.97630966,0.0007479433,0.000081979015,0.00020154497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021817561,0.000053640033,0.0000014211564,0.00056767836,0.00004970678,0.000005147463,0.000055189954,0.26129627,0.7373277,0.00020992686,0.000068387584,0.00014676662],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033809854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.5039465e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23967874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059546786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008679198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68886626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966527794","doi":"10.1007/s00170-019-04175-2","title":"Comparing CW-GMAW in direct current electrode positive (DCEP) and direct current electrode negative (DCEN)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Current (fluid); Direct current; Electrode; Gas metal arc welding; Materials science; Electrical engineering; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Engineering; Voltage; Welding; Arc welding","score_opus":0.0063703316265430535,"score_gpt":0.24903072655426742,"score_spread":0.24266039492772437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2966527794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910193,0.0053524235,0.00080975,0.0006950759,0.00086690264,0.00021361613,0.0000053181234,0.00020037837,0.0008372017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99361664,0.0051860753,0.0010019452,0.00001600617,0.00012426898,0.000010857347,0.0000025197528,0.000028937933,0.000012730008],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871266,0.000031746535,0.00042786653,0.00020144499,0.00028984298,0.00033646263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927515,0.00018163555,0.0002236889,0.00017615921,0.00010086488,0.000042506937],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019486186,0.00023432318,0.00038189176,0.00052119757,0.00004611453,0.00004652535,0.0007046444,0.000082873135,0.0000117337195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006725332,0.00017551695,0.00006889971,0.00014390479,0.00008082177,0.00022309589,0.00019039419,0.0009503087,0.000004166892],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011556868,0.00041103255,0.0113704465,0.00023681161,0.001121774,0.00016893336,0.0009435431,0.31412283,0.18671834,0.0041764677,0.0011128251,0.47846133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007255972,0.00016973625,0.004984673,0.0005273439,0.000020512707,0.00013230216,0.00005164408,0.0008954298,0.9773909,0.010683469,0.0041872873,0.00023111979],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016640735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045601846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79067254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003294891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024738745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71573734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970963051","doi":"10.1007/s00170-019-04292-y","title":"Optimization of the edge effect of 4340 steel specimen heated by induction process with flux concentrators using finite element axis-symmetric simulation and experimental validation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Concentrator; Induction heating; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Mechanics; Coupling (piping); Heat flux; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Process (computing); Flux (metallurgy); Heat transfer; Engineering; Structural engineering; Optics; Electromagnetic coil; Physics; Computer science; Metallurgy; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.0063152397133685095,"score_gpt":0.25391765158876484,"score_spread":0.24760241187539633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2970963051","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897483,0.00022461587,0.009441255,0.000051896808,0.00021818838,0.00024804877,0.000004092896,0.000031721134,0.000031909924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985329,0.00005358977,0.0013616335,0.0000030803556,0.000023608145,0.0000029053858,0.0000036192162,0.000012447763,0.0000062109457],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992675,0.000022230968,0.0002953946,0.00007706041,0.0002549047,0.000082910745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993415,0.000083917046,0.00035194724,0.00009677965,0.0001135208,0.000012364443],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000119041106,0.00010426172,0.00015931153,0.00020520689,0.00002956376,0.000012621575,0.00024661317,0.00006533202,0.000019760651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002842812,0.00006216466,0.000028133549,0.00015945508,0.00006123046,0.00017152267,0.000045743047,0.00015427609,1.6726588e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105841806,0.000014594024,0.00066185114,0.000025937497,0.00006982637,4.143704e-7,0.000039705745,0.8857528,0.112334,0.000010658981,0.0000050391345,0.0009793497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064655486,0.00027100477,0.0001683669,0.00016098238,0.000022542561,0.000018832185,0.00010957429,0.024056042,0.9743558,0.00008837494,0.000042189393,0.00005972227],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037806208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5694624e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8620218,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010890935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011615664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25350013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972061846","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2019.109916","title":"Metallurgical effects of nitrogen on the microstructure and hot corrosion behavior of Alloy 718 weldment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Characterization","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Corrosion; Metallurgy; Alloy; Scanning electron microscope; Tungsten; Precipitation; Transmission electron microscopy; Nitrogen; Laves phase; Composite material; Intermetallic","score_opus":0.004480018656112097,"score_gpt":0.18951839250572988,"score_spread":0.1850383738496178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2972061846","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989972,0.000018715662,0.00011494503,0.000019447856,0.0003066659,0.00042682447,0.000057677622,0.000048718884,0.000009783191],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99961597,0.00011455743,0.00008392571,0.0000149023535,0.00002741336,0.00002324675,0.00009301034,0.000016113532,0.000010842558],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995498,0.000030367422,0.00017408197,0.00008340351,0.000087475426,0.00007489223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997424,0.000029932911,0.00007320655,0.00012229731,0.000017395243,0.000014795035],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057092442,0.00009545359,0.00017624434,0.00002961361,0.000016386142,0.000020177578,0.0000666586,0.00007548008,0.00013803745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000068131494,0.000061354556,0.000020583193,0.000037615962,0.000020365598,0.000037111608,0.000030310144,0.000031625004,0.0000028273707],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025470214,0.000015073648,0.00042403958,0.00024852107,0.0000066810876,6.314857e-7,0.00005681655,0.000017579012,0.99900895,0.00012100315,0.000010248246,0.00006500761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011448839,0.000084363215,0.0402783,0.00011463143,0.000022652326,0.0000020206376,0.0000037230266,0.00003370653,0.9591412,0.00001996669,0.00012333812,0.00006159149],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000057854268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.2296834e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03986771,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000074215545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000019548352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25019664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2978348029","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2019.710149","title":"A Three-Dimensional Numerical Model for Predicting the Weld Bead Geometry Characteristics in Laser Overlap Welding of Low Carbon Galvanized Steel","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Keyhole; Mechanical engineering; Finite element method; Galvanization; Weld pool; Laser power scaling; Laser; Structural engineering; Metallurgy; Arc welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Engineering; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.010057671165665956,"score_gpt":0.21617605004774323,"score_spread":0.2061183788820773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2978348029","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96476305,0.000054186436,0.034695156,0.000016033524,0.0000609202,0.00022403063,0.000014249408,0.0000150215965,0.00015736451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9703305,0.000045134348,0.029481165,0.000010876546,0.00009585086,0.0000059323575,0.0000013404461,0.000026840682,0.0000023690918],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991559,0.0000019850943,0.0004346854,0.0000669073,0.00020028066,0.00014028534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992785,0.00026195915,0.00025619866,0.000111321904,0.000058385114,0.000033647993],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024136498,0.00012513337,0.00037324452,0.000036291196,0.00002346874,0.000018056646,0.00011423548,0.00006793176,0.000001646623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017361552,0.0000853978,0.000068935915,0.0000967965,0.00001918712,0.000038541122,0.00003909029,0.00022834199,1.7004069e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020972033,0.0003868132,0.0017909751,0.003649735,0.00026883857,0.0000037342907,0.0016045915,0.9410667,0.039258257,0.00783352,0.00025682742,0.003670334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045903728,0.000054231834,0.00036042283,0.00036925694,0.000042494863,0.000004651715,0.00007557865,0.9629325,0.018312627,0.017271025,0.0000070198266,0.000111123925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000018660364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.134822e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021865878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001953892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018989656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3482421},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2988927018","doi":"10.1109/mias.2019.2943651","title":"Introduction to New IEEE and CSA Standards: Detailed Requirements in the Skin-Effect Trace Heating Certification Process","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Industry Applications Magazine","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Certification; TRACE (psycholinguistics); Documentation; Pipeline transport; Process (computing); Engineering; Technical standard; Standardization; Standard system; Construction engineering; Joint (building); IEEE 802.11u; Systems engineering; Manufacturing engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Telecommunications; Architectural engineering; IEEE 802.11; Operating system","score_opus":0.015608730918398237,"score_gpt":0.2903282038437879,"score_spread":0.2747194729253896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2988927018","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787343,0.000115801704,0.01576433,0.002153386,0.00013150685,0.001816508,0.000016414087,0.00025641025,0.001011348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997357,0.000025716281,0.0008457636,0.00004113458,0.00070137996,0.0006594998,0.0000129615455,0.000026462438,0.0003300589],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897397,0.000033876626,0.00026588835,0.00028603635,0.00023892787,0.0002012788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938095,0.00005680026,0.00004884674,0.00038645917,0.00006148222,0.00006545877],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003997024,0.0001572596,0.00014946771,0.00010455007,0.00007462844,0.00007960292,0.00021407784,0.00018218525,0.000045219964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000291684,0.0001266407,0.00001919096,0.0005959951,0.000020028448,0.0001527631,0.000010825265,0.00041014788,0.000048815382],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013727022,0.00028154906,0.01727406,0.0011558033,0.000100288635,0.000003675311,0.0023422039,0.26593792,0.27029383,0.00035757717,0.20040287,0.24171294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014011223,0.00042806574,0.020775983,0.00039821788,0.000098757846,0.000058946986,0.0004671535,0.008473785,0.6759933,0.001315038,0.28956035,0.001029281],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022708817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024283925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4056995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010869868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028729779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5164258},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990911763","doi":"10.71781/16795","title":"Étude numérique de la diffusion des défauts ponctuels dans les alliages de nickel","year":2018,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Materials science","score_opus":0.021347818250930434,"score_gpt":0.3151287858965957,"score_spread":0.2937809676456653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2990911763","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93729234,0.0014527788,0.0076433653,0.0000580275,0.00021973795,0.00049550855,0.00007590779,0.00003684944,0.05272547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83902276,0.0046835635,0.1405137,0.000009798938,0.00035385633,0.000101361045,0.0003293639,0.00015764328,0.014827953],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981188,0.00019998997,0.00040317618,0.00046723447,0.00020841992,0.00060238945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891204,0.00026798557,0.00015338614,0.0003710323,0.00008736746,0.00020821275],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053497485,0.00051309704,0.00044615378,0.000100383775,0.0004011262,0.0005523326,0.0010530662,0.0010209455,0.0018688486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001471771,0.0004939746,0.00015089777,0.00016217316,0.00022020373,0.00021064878,0.00024130572,0.00055367657,0.00013700605],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022093998,0.0006386854,0.030094592,0.0016496559,0.0005289704,0.0004026513,0.14320008,0.0053627947,0.46078074,0.00034593386,0.005811753,0.3509632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035835142,0.00016730772,0.05175331,0.0031070511,0.00011122851,0.000053175132,0.0071728956,0.00086154597,0.8891221,0.0013730259,0.045122944,0.0007970648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006436814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009108128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42834136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003874161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018249392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997512},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991199296","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2019-0149","title":"Experimental investigation of plasma arc welded Ti–6Al–4V sheets","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Butt joint; Base metal; Formability; Indentation hardness; Metallurgy; Composite material; Joint (building); Heat-affected zone; Ultimate tensile strength; Plasma arc welding; Structural engineering; Microstructure","score_opus":0.010042354887358279,"score_gpt":0.19699039101552382,"score_spread":0.18694803612816555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991199296","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9306684,0.00018624868,0.06663702,0.0002603469,0.0008425408,0.0007614842,0.00015948982,0.00025722757,0.00022725719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98942804,0.000010812741,0.01041305,0.000013757286,0.000020797404,0.000033332686,0.000004332825,0.00003228604,0.000043606735],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937826,0.0000036020353,0.00020036248,0.00009961349,0.00011492702,0.00020323138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995945,0.000046390032,0.000026083102,0.0001933838,0.000025600433,0.00011401603],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007919835,0.00011574718,0.00016221764,0.00004153778,0.000059752227,0.000009523699,0.00020230627,0.00014560901,0.00006674602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060715,0.000105670944,0.0003215854,0.00015843517,0.00002514407,0.000068246765,0.00000495959,0.00015616631,9.2968423e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005417535,0.000011629678,0.00001192474,0.00043018514,0.00018596077,1.2985275e-7,0.00037019045,0.4718716,0.5240278,0.0021197307,0.0006167308,0.00034869503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020567111,0.00004269455,0.00003025487,0.000088507375,0.000027098697,0.0000018874339,0.00008871923,0.115575485,0.88306004,0.00009896894,0.0006645138,0.00011616618],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015916321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00085418083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35903224,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017106996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052543244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43091363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991228962","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93277","title":"Effects of Welding Processes and Techniques on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Dissimilar Metal Weld","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TD Bank Group","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Gas tungsten arc welding; Electric resistance welding; Heat-affected zone; Tungsten; Shielded metal arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Arc welding; Filler metal; Flash welding; Alloy; Composite material","score_opus":0.006748045389830312,"score_gpt":0.19597156705888724,"score_spread":0.18922352166905693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991228962","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956669,0.0012584681,0.0010163895,0.00005142572,0.00001915993,0.00025728467,8.1662824e-7,0.00025306284,0.0014764456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99623567,0.0005538237,0.0031389918,0.0000076163255,0.0000085188385,0.000013007003,1.4766816e-7,0.000012940525,0.000029293558],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995132,0.000012072644,0.00014896768,0.00011658859,0.00010586897,0.00010326887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997618,0.00007859665,0.00002194985,0.00007841648,0.00002280407,0.000036394493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000079146805,0.000106115505,0.00022720614,0.000058524853,0.000014896601,0.0000109083,0.0000638392,0.000065510016,0.00001443917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047022113,0.00006787682,0.000024831063,0.00008248893,0.00004886663,0.000084355364,0.000050354163,0.00006818295,3.0859547e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053342705,0.00008162569,0.00021046474,0.0046992367,0.0000969091,0.000003830974,0.00008626715,0.00008754175,0.98348093,0.008796222,0.00003777428,0.0023658671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001017458,0.00023481541,0.00018420369,0.00030186927,0.000024231453,0.000005206554,0.000025156141,0.00026524538,0.99829257,0.00032428547,0.00014826756,0.00009239574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010324353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010221538,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014811659,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000036741408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000040503305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27679363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991320845","doi":"10.1007/s40194-019-00826-w","title":"An overview on the cold wire pulsed gas metal arc welding","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Materials science; Welding; Current (fluid); Metallurgy; Metallography; Arc (geometry); Waveform; Heat-affected zone; Voltage; Composite material; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Microstructure; Engineering","score_opus":0.02868197408802425,"score_gpt":0.2688353906379724,"score_spread":0.24015341654994815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991320845","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9409317,0.0015909274,0.00007458751,0.0023830505,0.0006162644,0.0007747728,0.000008118991,0.00063488,0.052985713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99824715,0.00024046165,0.00021413762,0.0005311879,0.00016257066,0.000058135694,0.0000033591293,0.000048348727,0.0004946781],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987424,0.00012217963,0.00023496395,0.00022731483,0.00029238657,0.0003807584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988404,0.00041699296,0.000043113785,0.0006454039,0.000011895977,0.000042223084],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007205616,0.00022803564,0.00022744104,0.0001474337,0.00013247374,0.00013322954,0.0007468574,0.00006828585,0.00035242728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000276084,0.00013208814,0.00009765786,0.0005270973,0.000035664154,0.000117698626,0.000052341813,0.00051725,0.000081833336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013478806,0.00052325975,0.013618243,0.0010052939,0.00038490474,0.00018298562,0.0032237354,0.54812634,0.082973145,0.24852954,0.09110662,0.010191127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011872505,0.00050724915,0.008435505,0.0032803724,0.00014045848,0.000052498996,0.0011526321,0.027928425,0.51071066,0.011933812,0.43273464,0.0019365085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000071647126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015131947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5201979,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066497836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007462448,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5386398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991453602","doi":"10.3390/ma12233985","title":"Influence of Polarity Arrangement of Inter-Wire Arc on Droplet Transfer in Cross-Coupling Arc Welding","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality; China Scholarship Council; Beijing University of Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Alberta","keywords":"Cathode; Anode; Materials science; Polarity (international relations); Voltage; Polarity symbols; Coupling (piping); Polarity reversal; Current (fluid); Arc (geometry); Electrical engineering; Composite material; Electrode; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.010544061916165718,"score_gpt":0.2500518677453099,"score_spread":0.2395078058291442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991453602","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99905384,0.000033205615,0.00016073199,0.000016311948,0.00015842244,0.0002180758,0.000052736126,0.00007989553,0.00022677181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99970514,0.00004548148,0.00017263897,0.000008691665,0.000023846778,0.000010502534,0.000004357899,0.000020259784,0.000009114811],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919295,0.000011291838,0.00038107493,0.0001278047,0.000116027484,0.00017082179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996966,0.000032848275,0.00003246483,0.0001938515,0.00002423272,0.000019995163],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024164152,0.00012085908,0.00029422247,0.0000979908,0.000011138654,0.000024973819,0.00016349237,0.00008255145,0.00017701124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015652317,0.00010818313,0.000034518493,0.00007675596,0.000030379188,0.00007394718,0.00003313286,0.00007247691,0.0000067746273],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003537993,0.00002510319,0.012420665,0.0006643462,0.000012739067,0.000001870487,0.0001635863,0.07004044,0.9164306,0.00014985264,0.000008895271,0.00004650998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021322785,0.000067818044,0.030202713,0.0006361003,0.000003938086,5.061915e-7,0.000013787787,0.00008662122,0.96846265,0.00012758766,0.00007864492,0.000106432955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032865154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013585608,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06995382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034140954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005031177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.441158},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2994952276","doi":"10.4236/jsea.2019.1212031","title":"A Study on Prediction of Weld Geometry in Laser Overlap Welding of Low Carbon Galvanized Steel Using ANN-Based Models","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Software Engineering and Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Artificial neural network; Taguchi methods; Galvanization; Laser beam welding; Reliability (semiconductor); Mechanical engineering; Laser power scaling; Structural engineering; Materials science; Laser; Power (physics); Engineering; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.012440105259258063,"score_gpt":0.22196442725847204,"score_spread":0.20952432199921397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2994952276","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.962123,0.00019418218,0.03729282,0.00000334807,0.000049175695,0.00024551136,0.000016422855,0.00005976978,0.000015770756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99576503,0.000043661184,0.004114688,0.0000014764717,0.00003804336,0.000011046673,0.0000011167932,0.00002294891,0.0000019785814],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992447,0.000007847315,0.00039014686,0.00008424227,0.00016926584,0.000103806444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995085,0.0001274022,0.00012003502,0.00013574878,0.000068336725,0.000040002367],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015947613,0.000109549364,0.00026178223,0.00034254923,0.000012771195,0.00000849501,0.00008828528,0.00006864957,0.0000014840473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027479291,0.00010263563,0.000048143233,0.00029540955,0.000008890143,0.000073343355,0.000013399879,0.00020026595,8.0436635e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011163906,0.00009931561,0.023466438,0.0002386134,0.000030267742,0.0000012869341,0.000063781816,0.968465,0.0075066676,0.000010336682,0.000003942792,0.0001032382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032617226,0.0009226534,0.12167562,0.0032432387,0.0001591655,0.000027735072,0.0006734312,0.7218858,0.14736919,0.00016822875,0.00010519656,0.00050799164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016807171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.107788e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24657913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004783396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016046964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41853598},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996703033","doi":"10.26583/gns-2019-02-04","title":"WELD POOL STATIC EQUILIBRIUM IN BUTT WELDS WITH FULL PENETRATION","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Nuclear Safety","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"123 Certification (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Penetration (warfare); Welding; Materials science; Butt welding; Composite material; Metallurgy; Engineering; Operations research","score_opus":0.0032257823152755387,"score_gpt":0.1894284012634816,"score_spread":0.18620261894820606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996703033","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9575439,0.00008681191,0.00052620383,0.00034923022,0.00015495125,0.00026671242,0.000033855315,0.0005284808,0.040509876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977829,0.000061004175,0.0019626454,0.00006917696,0.00003210794,0.0000024856038,0.000011302739,0.00002567789,0.000052728225],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992438,0.000015770354,0.00017151507,0.00015993451,0.00015711824,0.0002518734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996952,0.000013330431,0.000022430462,0.0001994253,0.000015817102,0.000053840937],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006501937,0.0001354469,0.00015005446,0.000029764522,0.000019751362,0.000038798476,0.00014221079,0.00009678247,0.00035699373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005218142,0.0001161849,0.000027748349,0.00020099308,0.000019493182,0.00013606173,0.000040032683,0.00013145941,0.00021192474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018639697,0.00033382312,0.038582835,0.0014432593,0.0002731806,0.00022980962,0.0007091359,0.83572036,0.019584479,0.020593075,0.058400482,0.02226561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065399436,0.0031722537,0.5259735,0.0016119725,0.00012063869,0.00027684518,0.0010102149,0.16386248,0.008972446,0.005038987,0.2799314,0.003489294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015304706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010725658,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67185783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012601788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011510154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47378826},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996907044","doi":"10.5539/jmsr.v9n1p32","title":"Vibratory Stress Relief and Vibratory Weld Conditioning of Flux cored arc welded CA6NM steel","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Science Research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Charpy impact test; Martensite; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Microstructure; Joint (building); Composite material; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.02684968904341642,"score_gpt":0.3106859130481238,"score_spread":0.2838362240047074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996907044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99768513,0.0005278406,0.000042779517,0.00006578292,0.00050886883,0.00016240087,0.000031777043,0.000031183296,0.00094423874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99814755,0.00047806336,0.0011625021,0.000005667036,0.00013023772,0.0000030551876,0.0000011480781,0.00001704243,0.00005476295],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99785364,0.00012077268,0.00047694086,0.00015545078,0.0009991673,0.0003940401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883777,0.00019231945,0.00015461736,0.00021651071,0.0004334273,0.00016536778],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031646725,0.000109326735,0.00031876247,0.0005006791,0.00014767224,0.00021057518,0.00052659446,0.00008678233,0.00034758702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001879719,0.000086231514,0.00003403361,0.00040170297,0.00055221363,0.00054238335,0.0001685091,0.00029228049,0.000009698269],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022666924,0.000020867203,0.0011219152,0.00025012947,0.000011675346,0.000012347884,0.000118561475,0.0006306318,0.99585575,0.00028074248,0.0015211531,0.00015354945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019946991,0.0002555343,0.0072609023,0.00048408244,0.0000042361476,0.000019820558,0.0003418955,0.00008221487,0.9904651,0.00036343661,0.00042914067,0.00009413272],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023536788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014145271,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0061389874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000796732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022458169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3805834},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997112252","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.12.007","title":"Influence of heat input on the changes in the microstructure and fracture behavior of laser welded 800MPa grade high-strength low-alloy steel","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Microstructure; Martensite; Welding; Composite material; Alloy; Base metal; Austenite; Heat-affected zone; Fracture toughness; Joint (building); Metallurgy; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.006913486527924942,"score_gpt":0.21625984925766142,"score_spread":0.20934636272973647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2997112252","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984505,0.0005292068,0.0000023899017,0.0007035143,0.00005994699,0.00020600135,0.000014562607,0.000017753122,0.000016123551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988208,0.00080816034,0.00014793302,0.00012718693,0.00006139375,0.000005839028,9.432479e-7,0.000018530545,0.00000921532],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990857,0.00003241356,0.00032560804,0.00009948183,0.00029340442,0.00016336823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922544,0.00028709273,0.00019728568,0.00019029809,0.00006971488,0.000030162853],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018731068,0.00018331941,0.00029826953,0.00012945294,0.00003474677,0.00003527909,0.00040177556,0.000117685886,0.000017222626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000053558753,0.0000925617,0.000042743617,0.00011446747,0.00006130113,0.00009823085,0.000037680566,0.00047638855,3.0570968e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023836367,0.00032106895,0.021895498,0.006037035,0.00017708678,0.00008077234,0.0051739784,0.8949331,0.069014214,0.000015762555,0.0011937857,0.0009193523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023069489,0.0001660694,0.111866094,0.0007178061,0.000029181596,0.000040551924,0.00019373617,0.00000406,0.88594973,0.00011369893,0.0005915643,0.00009682936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003961646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000051828873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89492905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016661432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021045887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37745565},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2998843590","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106056","title":"Effects of Mg content on keyhole behaviour during deep penetration laser welding of Al-Mg alloys","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics & Laser Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Infection and Immunity; Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China","keywords":"Keyhole; Surface tension; Materials science; Penetration (warfare); Plume; Welding; Evaporation; Metallurgy; Weld pool; Laser beam welding; Metal; Penetration depth; Laser; Composite material; Optics; Gas tungsten arc welding; Arc welding; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.010220077651312748,"score_gpt":0.20900265907633886,"score_spread":0.1987825814250261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2998843590","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966259,0.00021154279,0.0012869325,0.00058749755,0.000091869806,0.00025274858,0.000008477372,0.0005867059,0.00034831875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953249,0.0002626079,0.004250825,0.00004126809,0.00002646184,0.00002941725,0.0000061049946,0.0000405733,0.00001782526],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990994,0.000011685685,0.0003062903,0.00019902998,0.00014779967,0.00023579302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995276,0.00005297014,0.000087586275,0.00022046376,0.00005753763,0.000053861055],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000042900705,0.00017828534,0.0002960607,0.0001689064,0.000037274636,0.000009534263,0.00024215411,0.00026020093,0.000013424545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008429565,0.00017450863,0.00006630696,0.00026154253,0.000071596965,0.000048703758,0.00008907082,0.00027519237,0.0000058506016],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046280886,0.00013430053,0.003811328,0.0006613045,0.000097196775,0.00007490335,0.00010899159,0.033331614,0.9594815,0.0010247361,0.0003817851,0.0008461095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043131027,0.00030511542,0.0017414996,0.00013794293,0.00004365502,0.0000037585974,0.000060785213,0.00181851,0.99503464,0.00010258863,0.00016089415,0.0001593203],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001435454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009446718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03555317,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003055798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006583527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7116256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003355198","doi":"10.2172/1596111","title":"Quarterly Management Document – FY20, 1st Quarter, Multi-pass Hybrid Laser Arc Welding of Alloy 740H","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Schedule; Work (physics); Welding; Arc (geometry); Engineering; Operations management; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; History; Operating system","score_opus":0.020537544881400478,"score_gpt":0.2599018928435033,"score_spread":0.23936434796210282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3003355198","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.014677821,0.0056587025,0.10145921,0.0013569607,0.010190301,0.0076314993,0.0007466545,0.011204246,0.8470746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9043999,0.015666407,0.060197357,0.0000821404,0.0011158612,0.0005794556,0.0004928222,0.00049974397,0.016966352],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969759,0.000032625023,0.0009787083,0.0005811677,0.0008895032,0.00054209394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876904,0.000048792095,0.00022383046,0.0006560782,0.00010482859,0.00019744357],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027155888,0.0006557242,0.0008829787,0.0002743458,0.000060080754,0.000108541426,0.0005779998,0.00026562723,0.00041032027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009781969,0.00058337685,0.0003734188,0.00017720407,0.000045116736,0.00011117585,0.00013709368,0.0005068923,0.000050388062],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026268677,0.00021482371,0.00015747915,0.009727786,0.002066831,0.0007473192,0.00026603963,0.00650865,0.0004957031,0.00013241645,0.9492579,0.030398758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010377503,0.0006224517,0.00051527616,0.0023764772,0.0005720052,0.00008130034,0.0005727975,0.0015141483,0.06389991,0.0003430586,0.9264201,0.0020447178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00047513182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008083289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88972205,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027080288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060743616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99966174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3004907657","doi":"10.1007/s00170-020-05005-6","title":"A preliminary study on the double cold wire gas metal arc welding process","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Acicular ferrite; Materials science; Shielding gas; Arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Shielded metal arc welding; Electric resistance welding; Microstructure; Bainite","score_opus":0.01843796354319017,"score_gpt":0.2651310534663478,"score_spread":0.24669308992315764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3004907657","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97962034,0.00019797127,0.0006957159,0.018231714,0.00033528908,0.00026966145,0.0000025259208,0.00029858557,0.0003481715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998974,0.00011058105,0.00046503262,0.00018523354,0.00019857443,0.000025601552,3.3219055e-7,0.000027197928,0.000013416859],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989652,0.000015388487,0.00032498903,0.00012581133,0.000393003,0.00017557624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993833,0.00012362086,0.00018067879,0.00018138012,0.0000931067,0.00003792244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016757064,0.00016478689,0.00019427527,0.00015291593,0.000095157426,0.000046161564,0.0014340591,0.000066164816,0.0000242187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007396413,0.000092757014,0.0000769236,0.00011861453,0.00007100142,0.000126244,0.00017377584,0.00067693717,0.000005306989],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025452857,0.00052368874,0.00067796913,0.000106062,0.0021884188,0.0010766841,0.0034981635,0.8705876,0.08207565,0.0052717202,0.0047594155,0.026689347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000583155,0.00064291083,0.00020457218,0.00010175483,0.000032886226,0.00011873819,0.0015795252,0.00021087658,0.9891456,0.00414541,0.0031158978,0.000118681135],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000021751039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017648943,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9070699,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006510483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015300948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37825212},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3006585071","doi":"10.1155/2020/7194214","title":"Through‐Thickness Residual Stresses, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam‐Welded CA6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel after Postweld Heat Treatment","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; École de Technologie Supérieure; Cégep de Sorel-Tracy; National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Microstructure; Martensite; Welding; Electron beam welding; Cathode ray; Metallurgy; Composite material; Electron","score_opus":0.008734197655671842,"score_gpt":0.2166095193023903,"score_spread":0.20787532164671846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3006585071","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99222106,0.0069320574,0.00021717085,0.00011695666,0.0001548485,0.00020208862,0.00002682158,0.00011856855,0.00001044965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99395436,0.00411761,0.0017772159,0.000035393332,0.000060989838,0.000032593605,0.000001997604,0.000018941724,8.6851674e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989092,0.000011065832,0.00025919525,0.00028042684,0.00018523085,0.0003548844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999733,0.000023917306,0.000020628946,0.000111445166,0.000044030297,0.000067016445],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012168774,0.00021049647,0.0003202499,0.000070133916,0.000052161293,0.00008411279,0.00013142655,0.00006923861,0.0000040978152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045852714,0.00016504792,0.000012678559,0.00021469542,0.00015870157,0.00049255195,0.00007894243,0.00008086319,2.5782592e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004808477,0.0000066106636,0.0000635672,0.000515126,0.0000065061095,0.000013647855,0.00036932997,0.013824241,0.98479664,0.0001296542,0.0000032766875,0.00022329098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020145913,0.0001637872,0.0008155271,0.00023894974,0.000011784151,0.000018978666,0.00011190644,0.0006634717,0.9971819,0.0000844722,0.000305143,0.00020263004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000068157766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019067005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01316077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053978558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026163128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67304593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3021517744","doi":"10.1109/pcic31437.2018.9080459","title":"Introduction to the new Standards - IEEE STD 844.1™-2017 /CSA C22.2 No. 293.1-17 and IEEE STD 844.2™-2017/CSA C293.2-17 for Skin Effect Trace Heating of Pipelines, Vessels, Equipment, and Structures: Copyright Material IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2018-20","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Certification; TRACE (psycholinguistics); Pipeline transport; Documentation; Engineering; Technical standard; IEEE 802.11u; Process (computing); Systems engineering; Telecommunications; Construction engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; IEEE 802.11; Wireless; Operating system","score_opus":0.008504766182961195,"score_gpt":0.25995836819372264,"score_spread":0.25145360201076145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3021517744","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9203242,0.0011627604,0.050537165,0.0016605451,0.012975033,0.0046244445,0.0015448924,0.0013319185,0.005839014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94763523,0.0011095798,0.021692203,0.0002533403,0.023184314,0.00021099075,0.0001157323,0.00027019443,0.005528434],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99711424,0.000099795776,0.0007402135,0.0007499229,0.0005557669,0.00074003654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981381,0.00024235314,0.00020106026,0.0007391146,0.00040498,0.00027434167],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008602837,0.0006635209,0.0008010144,0.00017047356,0.00047138263,0.00035226464,0.0004464831,0.00035654366,0.0005245213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020223101,0.00045002333,0.00012367642,0.00020436145,0.00022121253,0.0004104126,0.00010785026,0.0002924942,0.000017473887],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00065986323,0.000027638174,0.000026237307,0.0007008335,0.00014274423,0.0000029313344,0.00039715567,0.001235143,0.13952066,0.00004465106,0.8535036,0.0037385519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016302915,0.0015282595,0.00026118083,0.0003022221,0.00017116345,0.00003949969,0.00006464073,0.0014621506,0.6600652,0.0003549512,0.33340886,0.0007115969],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00071211474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00058558036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5205445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014596732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000090012356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3021553985","doi":"10.1115/1.4047142","title":"A Comparison of Weldability, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of CM64 and Tribaloy T-800 Welds for Hard-Facing of Turbine Blades","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Equiaxed crystals; Gas tungsten arc welding; Weldability; Welding; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Microstructure; Superalloy; Alloy; Composite material; Arc welding","score_opus":0.03147436198095567,"score_gpt":0.2503392138539084,"score_spread":0.21886485187295274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3021553985","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950966,0.0014031704,0.0032082906,0.000099376964,0.000064659944,0.00009643442,0.0000064319092,0.00002117201,0.0000038665885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922309,0.00019003893,0.0075261095,0.0000034895577,0.000038453418,7.4518925e-7,1.0358127e-7,0.000009678861,4.6401257e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990804,0.000004845552,0.00043881862,0.000109007306,0.00021772133,0.00014919811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956065,0.000059085633,0.00013087736,0.00006502949,0.000084704145,0.00009963557],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031073322,0.00011818601,0.00040773916,0.0001341368,0.000036625846,0.000027297368,0.00014813391,0.00005696903,0.0000013337988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017860901,0.000087591376,0.00003881753,0.00009941977,0.00012770071,0.00020094597,0.00007002276,0.00015613552,5.5350595e-9],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045988167,0.000011725033,0.00067270215,0.0023006888,0.000039637434,7.6712945e-7,0.0007823018,0.056427184,0.9367478,0.000051496772,0.000020209416,0.002899506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002286882,0.00026008525,0.004516487,0.0003408875,0.00002831181,0.000016695989,0.0001279256,0.018972374,0.97527856,0.000078123434,0.000063242434,0.000088647605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007445211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.8351727e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038530737,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000140968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018246259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35718727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022377414","doi":"","title":"Thermal And Microstructure Simulation of High Strength Pipeline Girth Welds","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Eighteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Pipeline (software); Materials science; Welding; Girth (graph theory); Metallurgy; Composite material; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Combinatorics","score_opus":0.009834971793109321,"score_gpt":0.2110503532561879,"score_spread":0.20121538146307857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022377414","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98477,0.00092667004,0.013350864,0.00013769661,0.00021145285,0.00007388166,0.000065971246,0.00011130499,0.0003521827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976414,0.0011115078,0.0010258012,0.000011618388,0.0001283916,0.0000023720056,0.000023569366,0.000014819215,0.000040562605],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995045,0.0000074890054,0.00016119474,0.00009651258,0.00012470255,0.00010562072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970734,0.00007288078,0.000030842984,0.0001003268,0.000051962346,0.00003663983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000043888595,0.00012954416,0.00012382791,0.000056968016,0.00004608562,0.000020566558,0.00014643815,0.000064640146,0.000043859953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015488522,0.00009233464,0.000022719647,0.000047372247,0.00006453798,0.00007982654,0.00004632297,0.00014592112,6.013515e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006646124,0.000042249245,0.0125286775,0.00020742355,0.00035170815,0.00002308169,0.0011965348,0.9318646,0.023029795,0.019340767,0.0013748468,0.009973852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005001341,0.00007631682,0.108273946,0.00016724784,0.00004541703,0.000058994643,0.000027530556,0.8134525,0.06208088,0.0003028042,0.0145969065,0.00041732975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005085407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003959839,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.118412115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009764841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007388256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37652972},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3026607114","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119793","title":"Width of thermal features induced by a 2-D moving heat source","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Keyhole; Dimensionless quantity; Welding; Materials science; Source model; Substrate (aquarium); Thermal; Expression (computer science); Range (aeronautics); Laser beam welding; Mechanics; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Computational physics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.009382535357660884,"score_gpt":0.22228928564756278,"score_spread":0.2129067502899019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3026607114","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9720578,0.0017828962,0.023389865,0.0019985863,0.00017269368,0.000039129303,0.0000150605065,0.00003554274,0.0005084162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99879223,0.00043877334,0.00042022025,0.00014591806,0.00017811208,6.7981983e-7,0.0000016119635,0.000013491892,0.000008966762],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994329,0.000010623233,0.00021236236,0.000052406795,0.0002123003,0.000079360245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980056,0.000029685367,0.000008907247,0.000026463427,0.000066392,0.00006800332],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047987225,0.00008432989,0.00014491433,0.000048719347,0.0000138404375,0.000026550646,0.00015502969,0.00005487494,0.00004013634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007025309,0.00006518258,0.00006845202,0.0000292493,0.000018697745,0.000099977115,0.000008898323,0.00017883358,2.909578e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010968482,0.000019292253,0.0007296291,0.000047247948,0.0002206718,0.000019907045,0.00055518077,0.005888506,0.9848808,0.000055337372,0.0020398004,0.005433908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008597229,0.0002621675,0.00184113,0.00018430984,0.000044968117,0.000062726285,0.00008523515,0.0013868299,0.98651046,0.0001550295,0.008442955,0.00016447292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020277692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012439433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026734415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001210284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009014187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26580685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033410883","doi":"10.1007/s11340-020-00599-0","title":"Interlaboratory Reproducibility of Contour Method Data Analysis and Residual Stress Calculation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Reproducibility; Standard deviation; Residual stress; Residual; Statistics; Mathematics; Materials science; Algorithm; Composite material","score_opus":0.04311017802479326,"score_gpt":0.322110216907469,"score_spread":0.2790000388826757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033410883","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48395166,0.004703311,0.5094366,0.00016451473,0.00016619866,0.0003475947,0.0005925321,0.00050999515,0.00012759253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9605676,0.000043550623,0.03918081,0.00002458185,0.000059439397,0.0000050513227,0.000101721,0.00001506465,0.000002163286],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998972,0.000054127348,0.00024004669,0.0005037022,0.00013282707,0.00009727783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900657,0.000030230029,0.000048213427,0.00081880117,0.000026779535,0.00006941003],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003182462,0.00011032686,0.00023718073,0.000046839046,0.00002502762,0.000017734108,0.00021401906,0.000064189284,0.000027725371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010256592,0.0001057597,0.00003069472,0.0002845225,0.000013756675,0.00011753865,0.00024606293,0.00008618941,6.2056466e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008372425,0.0001166688,0.0012622325,0.00025127022,0.00086208084,0.000011248892,0.0024015054,0.006935215,0.98035115,0.00097654696,0.002852365,0.0038960013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010174254,0.00006282163,0.00016246916,0.000012310743,0.00008613713,4.7232365e-7,0.00040724734,0.07127842,0.9276389,0.000042733995,0.00010121047,0.00010555072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006974384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016971979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47661594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021385846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000071879326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43127555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033428130","doi":"10.3390/met10060747","title":"Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Laser Welded CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V Similar and Dissimilar Joints","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Equiaxed crystals; Microstructure; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Alloy; Martensite; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Ductility (Earth science); Titanium alloy; Creep","score_opus":0.02069155882038216,"score_gpt":0.20854364833920302,"score_spread":0.18785208951882088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033428130","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99815387,0.0006886909,0.00019943426,0.00061701366,0.000027935606,0.00014515998,0.000038535636,0.00010390369,0.000025468536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978763,0.00050266285,0.0014055588,0.00007910194,0.000041021663,0.0000053747863,0.000010905952,0.000019642604,0.000059468748],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949133,0.000018952018,0.00016794974,0.000141937,0.000072524446,0.00010731718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980336,0.000010958218,0.000030383888,0.00006867819,0.000016704344,0.00006991344],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004757551,0.00012329622,0.0002222194,0.000023120398,0.000035326535,0.000040173036,0.00004263941,0.00007224428,0.0000430326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032558077,0.00009077814,0.00002040074,0.000047003126,0.000049223017,0.00011273718,0.00007051855,0.0000720436,9.689726e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017111843,0.000004189419,0.00016013451,0.00033450074,0.00004039794,0.0000023444666,0.00022023414,0.000030624626,0.99691814,0.00001242263,0.00022791539,0.0020319596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016454658,0.000042064643,0.0037541084,0.00006534975,0.000036935464,0.000007372182,0.000015942838,0.0012685097,0.9907057,0.00004356591,0.0037695372,0.00012633276],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000038291455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013073036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00621243,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000035338767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000025271988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37018254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034663948","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/861/1/012003","title":"Reduced order models for welding and solidification processes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Order (exchange); Metallurgy; Materials science; Economics","score_opus":0.03347751974202136,"score_gpt":0.2313540342360052,"score_spread":0.19787651449398386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034663948","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96324396,0.00033590448,0.034426335,0.0006514162,0.0001925518,0.0002847317,0.000023997854,0.0005958934,0.0002451884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894632,0.0009899675,0.009355831,0.000022804723,0.00008197757,0.00005902647,0.0000032403268,0.00001799507,0.0000059414338],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992597,0.0000023408445,0.00015343953,0.0002225945,0.00011609233,0.00024584786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960536,0.000019211988,0.000021474365,0.000075242024,0.00017223763,0.00010646887],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014648879,0.00013822106,0.00015990254,0.000054188313,0.00012968571,0.00034317948,0.00014196089,0.000047285415,0.0000066872444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018289515,0.00012679413,0.0000057685015,0.00024921377,0.00010173904,0.0007324752,0.000055246608,0.000040474435,4.452883e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008630289,0.0000015406247,0.0000012817331,0.00089310727,0.000003981707,4.6740473e-7,0.0005872518,0.019579845,0.97656906,0.0018162571,0.00005747097,0.00048109342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000708706,0.00004889613,0.00003879091,0.00008456174,0.000006598947,0.000006327218,0.00013760394,0.040561758,0.9575661,0.00045367467,0.0008325128,0.0001923484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006042953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.359675e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026219234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001264499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051508323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51705146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3039865646","doi":"10.5006/c2004-04241","title":"Iron Contamination of Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Weldments","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Syncrude (Canada); SNC-Lavalin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Metallurgy; Contamination; Materials science; Alloy; Corrosion; Chromium","score_opus":0.007091600419148872,"score_gpt":0.2171640200403314,"score_spread":0.2100724196211825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3039865646","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9612264,0.00012353674,0.009795021,0.00009428044,0.00011986435,0.00011587488,0.000002985138,0.00047184114,0.02805019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964649,0.00010855651,0.0031076544,0.000011908748,0.000019113804,0.000004333419,0.0000032418382,0.000009239188,0.00027106068],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996968,0.000002315068,0.00009610489,0.00005061712,0.0000759386,0.00007824512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988896,0.0000059688923,0.0000121014655,0.00006159644,0.000013194877,0.000018158287],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000028116747,0.00005399303,0.00006539914,0.000031167103,0.000011879154,0.0000058139503,0.000059473346,0.00004429471,0.000047421006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000045546194,0.000045439952,0.000018112272,0.000043794895,0.000010497015,0.00004417747,0.0000124741955,0.000035968795,0.000008667656],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038837516,0.00056824886,0.009797537,0.0013541607,0.00022491481,0.000035604786,0.0012374177,0.3115415,0.520013,0.06762671,0.037745785,0.04981631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035003596,0.000072559575,0.008274078,0.0000696513,0.000008644565,0.0000021101425,0.000034105742,0.00023625023,0.9862632,0.0013344763,0.0032294437,0.0001254119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013746573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022863798,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46625024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029798688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000032861126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18529874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3043250750","doi":"10.1115/1.4047791","title":"Failure Mechanisms of Equal and Unequal Wall Thickness Hybrid Maraging Steel-P20 Tubular Joints: Effects of Welding Residual Stresses","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation","keywords":"Welding; Joint (building); Residual stress; Structural engineering; Materials science; Finite element method; Welding joint; Maraging steel; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.007398592278763953,"score_gpt":0.19008012584040426,"score_spread":0.1826815335616403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3043250750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6652948,0.002570598,0.33150604,0.00025491096,0.00018224028,0.00011236729,0.000006277591,0.000066474255,0.0000062885174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9790528,0.00082331424,0.019957272,0.000019639174,0.00010130976,0.0000017950758,7.732648e-7,0.00004248728,6.4494805e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986737,0.000027152342,0.00058783713,0.00014775581,0.0003170143,0.00024657103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919564,0.00022179108,0.00018745495,0.00010918512,0.00010941971,0.00017651008],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032286605,0.00022999574,0.0005166123,0.00017127207,0.000038931805,0.000039102702,0.00017977825,0.000084315725,0.000006654923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023660123,0.00020533259,0.00008616774,0.00017097368,0.000016157557,0.00019768604,0.000102347236,0.00035425022,8.8775245e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008875438,0.000055560347,0.00026720096,0.007925536,0.00047506462,0.00025448386,0.0010107293,0.12940086,0.8265856,0.031715542,0.000090855414,0.0021298428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077283505,0.00069670146,0.00022011832,0.0018913539,0.00014844681,0.00018145696,0.00038693091,0.086382,0.90521675,0.0036937585,0.00008099857,0.00032864494],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006163103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.170271e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31375796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021356764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017130622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.837322},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3044219677","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2020.101468","title":"Adaptive vision-based detection of laser-material interaction for directed energy deposition","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Additive manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thresholding; Keyhole; Materials science; Artificial intelligence; Energy (signal processing); Energy minimization; Feature (linguistics); Feature extraction; Laser; Pattern recognition (psychology); Computer vision; Computer science; Data acquisition; Minification; Image (mathematics); Optics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.010191715866476195,"score_gpt":0.21670815239170357,"score_spread":0.2065164365252274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3044219677","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51238245,0.000019514759,0.48519483,0.000045155604,0.00037503167,0.00024627775,0.00034170155,0.0009789281,0.0004161041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979434,0.000014082082,0.0015765154,0.00003134574,0.00021323578,0.00006771818,0.00012225246,0.000029000546,0.0000024337444],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994668,0.000019871697,0.00016418971,0.00014472716,0.00008006077,0.00012435792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996784,0.00012113572,0.00005878558,0.000058822734,0.000037730068,0.000045152028],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000020684183,0.00012562983,0.0001412787,0.00006043207,0.000053986518,0.000020227773,0.000055676755,0.000071021605,0.000047848214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019854906,0.00012238858,0.00006808351,0.000049969072,0.000016643278,0.00011921424,0.000015795245,0.00006495131,0.0000012567253],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010808936,0.000059665595,0.0000034670647,0.0003315033,0.00017773637,0.0000104638675,0.00018749137,0.18357676,0.6564046,0.00002415961,0.0021544676,0.15598877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019890236,0.0002516492,0.00015386054,0.0000805079,0.000019459783,8.505975e-7,0.000027708493,0.052084293,0.9457582,0.00007431466,0.0012260781,0.00012415144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008841624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038780316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48556095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051740935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000043165464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49908617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W305745714","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2015.05.094","title":"Transient analysis of residual strain during heat treatment of multi-material engine blocks using in-situ neutron diffraction","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Letters","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Neutron diffraction; In situ; Residual; Diffraction; Transient (computer programming); Strain (injury); Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.025618703838568402,"score_gpt":0.2524131870209736,"score_spread":0.2267944831824052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W305745714","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988301,0.000040074778,0.00030355054,0.00005042542,0.0003115521,0.00018104572,0.00018270731,0.000094160925,0.000006429462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99847865,0.000041217616,0.0012845558,0.000004416601,0.00009139195,0.000011918722,0.000061651495,0.00002447915,0.000001690814],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899304,0.00004938839,0.00044483543,0.0001547798,0.00014206367,0.00021591359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968946,0.000013772792,0.000058603073,0.00017343565,0.000017471515,0.00004724396],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001043776,0.00018022943,0.0004945216,0.00036492958,0.000015933161,0.000021566831,0.00007287842,0.0000810355,0.000033732715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004081892,0.00016159988,0.000072537805,0.00021945148,0.000029855639,0.00007353213,0.000012901228,0.000029359097,2.5218634e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000069706395,0.000059085178,0.00023502136,0.00006426696,0.00016047154,0.0000109885905,0.00038448005,0.25922516,0.73975015,3.06433e-7,0.0000070511314,0.00003331339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070186664,0.00006804458,0.028598,0.00005099463,0.0002438736,0.000002562255,0.000050835028,0.00085254014,0.9692759,6.280595e-7,0.000018162587,0.00013659043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010192663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011411941,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2583726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017599216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000069615694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65898514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3086298801","doi":"10.1007/s11665-020-05084-2","title":"Effects of Laser Premelting Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steel Weld Obtained by Laser-MAG Hybrid Welding","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Lath; Martensite; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Microstructure; Composite material; Laser beam welding; Toughness; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.005739882902577658,"score_gpt":0.1732873845801652,"score_spread":0.16754750167758756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3086298801","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99856085,0.00094393914,0.00009807531,0.000044507735,0.00017510523,0.000102248545,0.000027062708,0.000045568515,0.000002675112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966523,0.0021195894,0.001058054,0.000007128901,0.00012993049,0.0000031749003,0.0000016209852,0.000024341683,0.000003830891],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992789,0.000013670031,0.000367728,0.00008689274,0.00011275223,0.00014007498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996657,0.000047022346,0.00012707712,0.00005693891,0.000029553898,0.000073721974],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008877362,0.00017761564,0.00040525198,0.000053549276,0.000023114144,0.000026125928,0.0000758804,0.00006197628,0.0000041098633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037688493,0.00012552712,0.00003248425,0.00004257376,0.00001718052,0.00009413154,0.000025307203,0.000102641614,1.2048854e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015025563,0.00001684878,0.000031075397,0.002359891,0.00007399315,0.000006390084,0.00015592821,0.024739787,0.9715471,0.0000044806707,0.00009276984,0.00082145317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056067953,0.00081164064,0.00038377458,0.0009073888,0.00004224578,0.000025692196,0.00001053391,0.0027453052,0.99415123,0.0000019000297,0.00023929628,0.000120337485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000073110004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.884773e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022604078,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019086336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000071761438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51188475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3095898384","doi":"10.1115/pvp2020-21287","title":"Plasma Arc Welding for Code Compliance Nuclear Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TD Bank Group","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Overlay; Plasma arc welding; Arc welding; Welding power supply; Mechanical engineering; Plasma; Materials science; Computer science; Engineering; Filler metal; Operating system; Physics","score_opus":0.055259292592658195,"score_gpt":0.26516158655061334,"score_spread":0.20990229395795515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3095898384","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.010727623,0.00016367153,0.9096742,0.0038837872,0.00008053647,0.0008900785,0.00009231508,0.0045021214,0.06998564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9323219,0.000065307155,0.066973805,0.0002485008,0.00014220951,0.00009601361,0.0000064675783,0.000033722845,0.00011209851],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965376,0.0000014639267,0.00008635607,0.00009969135,0.000040836247,0.00011786812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998046,0.000032200383,0.000008931758,0.00008150523,0.000013107351,0.00005962186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001485236,0.00006610935,0.00007731296,0.000010922139,0.00006223034,0.000025049545,0.00013194133,0.000035610497,0.00007575841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006874269,0.00006154268,0.00003121311,0.00006813218,0.000012405479,0.00003135503,0.000021539208,0.00005658511,0.000043182372],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003180972,0.00004502034,0.0001866089,0.0013006807,0.00010429308,0.0000030875485,0.0003630093,0.10656783,0.024431214,0.06348903,0.77553016,0.027947264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012731804,0.000026945008,0.00003157341,0.000020353606,0.0000064952405,0.0000012657022,0.000038356302,0.104665585,0.04217699,0.00062632986,0.852136,0.00014274906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000024939773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036016909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92159426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000996698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000018666618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25096378},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097567449","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101814","title":"Residual stress, microstructure, and mechanical properties analysis of HPDC aluminum engine block with cast-in iron liners","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Today Communications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Cast iron; Residual stress; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Stress (linguistics); Composite material; Block (permutation group theory)","score_opus":0.020197633229115646,"score_gpt":0.22348333863709696,"score_spread":0.20328570540798133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3097567449","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973515,0.0008943046,0.00006349991,0.0010122289,0.000019441986,0.00018388886,0.0002394206,0.00015220557,0.00008348538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99185383,0.0009648652,0.006981552,0.000023769766,0.000021488688,0.000025783786,0.00009873717,0.000023020366,0.000006929223],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992582,0.00006138775,0.00031658058,0.00013412118,0.000090249625,0.00013945485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928707,0.000041697265,0.00005509117,0.0005294668,0.00003423379,0.000052447052],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000085924024,0.00013895346,0.00034018612,0.00010894012,0.00004820729,0.000041501993,0.0003601797,0.00008230612,0.000031166033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027669528,0.00010910996,0.000024339959,0.00034849942,0.000101887024,0.00005204546,0.00019417993,0.00011235865,6.178899e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068503774,0.000055373388,0.0010408739,0.0003375771,0.00039880397,0.0000050480703,0.0012192538,0.03162688,0.9642853,0.0003177347,0.0004505544,0.00019406067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002372519,0.00007957952,0.0042700944,0.00012224673,0.00030443643,0.0000033148697,0.00020790039,0.0028064444,0.99107206,0.000024650302,0.0006524267,0.00021961168],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003098592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047798752,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028820435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015369671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012119715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4449375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3101546017","doi":"10.1007/s40436-020-00325-y","title":"Robust identification of weld seam based on region of interest operation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Welding; Robustness (evolution); Region of interest; Pixel; Computer science; Path (computing); Process (computing); Artificial intelligence; Identification (biology); Computer vision; Algorithm; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.04316369128559026,"score_gpt":0.2519340316863294,"score_spread":0.20877034040073914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3101546017","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8633178,0.00039243163,0.13452147,0.00021000482,0.00014452347,0.00019084995,0.0000050974263,0.00016803324,0.0010498135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99847025,0.00035161801,0.0011057756,0.000018159406,0.00002820238,0.000006644089,0.000005593402,0.000011271071,0.0000024920298],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951136,0.000011638974,0.00023676283,0.000103501276,0.000065730645,0.00007102899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997698,0.00003726052,0.000056271478,0.000109432534,0.000009255971,0.000017981532],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004631091,0.00007197469,0.00010932538,0.00006379692,0.000011602547,0.000007267961,0.00010902911,0.000037321784,0.000008229498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002297736,0.00006797095,0.00002371106,0.000057509005,0.00001729961,0.00015789518,0.000013988977,0.000088166336,0.0000010600297],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001470724,0.000009787928,0.00027360764,0.0002492021,0.0000019697077,0.0000020625173,0.000055649572,0.98990315,0.005002029,0.00006013551,0.00003713798,0.0043905703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000097784505,0.000044852986,0.0010914083,0.00015666052,0.0000025280517,2.8762807e-7,0.000029575238,0.062465567,0.93555117,0.00016706249,0.00032872264,0.00006438421],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008974608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021319946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93054914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020016396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000025242555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27717748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3105955771","doi":"10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003528","title":"X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurement in Failure Analysis","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Failure Analysis and Prevention","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PROTO Manufacturing (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Residual; Diffraction; Reliability engineering; Forensic engineering; Composite material; Structural engineering; Computer science; Optics; Engineering; Physics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.01703827470278325,"score_gpt":0.2198362128943981,"score_spread":0.20279793819161485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3105955771","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.054865588,0.07771697,0.29176506,0.004665057,0.0015142872,0.008218061,0.0025523105,0.0069682705,0.5517344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90961933,0.007698686,0.0033206204,0.000014442134,0.00042311972,0.00007563758,0.0012699129,0.0001288881,0.07744935],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978156,0.00005797546,0.0006729232,0.0005362991,0.00064011104,0.0002770895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990727,0.000032432676,0.00023391667,0.00044876774,0.00011463852,0.000097571654],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038756678,0.00047021845,0.0009523803,0.0018290863,0.00009262171,0.0001421222,0.000167077,0.0005923293,0.0015384516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012212484,0.00044577554,0.0006862985,0.00068990706,0.00003323827,0.00016360317,0.000051724826,0.00052318367,0.000016636672],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001265725,0.0006128958,0.03705375,0.003289271,0.17001449,0.0003210134,0.0010734114,0.57985127,0.0014516319,0.0066164024,0.11328655,0.08630275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021870001,0.0005658856,0.14620301,0.0037001083,0.16211271,0.000012107489,0.00031454692,0.024259498,0.0027011624,0.016779171,0.6342916,0.006873186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019556371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015245033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85475373,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018108792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010792692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110797303","doi":"10.3390/ma13245801","title":"Post-Weld Heat Treatment of API 5L X70 High Strength Low Alloy Steel Welds","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Residual stress; Ductility (Earth science); Microstructure; Alloy; Composite material; Creep","score_opus":0.010776376632915606,"score_gpt":0.2129005707050514,"score_spread":0.20212419407213578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3110797303","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99755347,0.00021230035,0.0000283632,0.0005041989,0.00031656644,0.00021161378,0.00034365314,0.00047927097,0.0003505733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99821204,0.00037794965,0.0009067726,0.000061183455,0.00025373165,0.000026651525,0.00005083524,0.000039044025,0.00007180209],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999245,0.000022570217,0.0002723211,0.0001520146,0.00010910749,0.00019900902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996649,0.00002614422,0.000027226502,0.00018121304,0.000021206943,0.00007930722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003137919,0.00018518744,0.00034551398,0.000030111158,0.000025792773,0.000039911632,0.00012777274,0.000106276835,0.00077905844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010566157,0.00014455976,0.000052528212,0.00005520958,0.000020400956,0.00003456484,0.000034335644,0.000027739201,0.000032144835],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004809106,0.00006908996,0.000054491004,0.00031349633,0.0000825016,0.00002284556,0.0002985732,0.002402115,0.99364084,0.00011701467,0.002059075,0.000891838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028615043,0.00041749948,0.0005796623,0.000050148326,0.00002404128,0.0000018385364,0.000025763426,0.00005188137,0.99228483,0.000029132052,0.0060964595,0.00015261618],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038583792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008031037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0040373844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003668544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000073663637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85301435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3114268774","doi":"10.1115/omae2020-18313","title":"Residual Stresses and Stress Intensity Factor Calculations for an Orthotropic Steel Deck","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Stress intensity factor; Orthotropic material; Welding; Composite material; Finite element method; Transverse plane; Structural engineering; Stress (linguistics); Deck; Fracture mechanics; Engineering","score_opus":0.04779056523766182,"score_gpt":0.266783599618643,"score_spread":0.2189930343809812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3114268774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838031,0.00019737433,0.013777837,0.0003555467,0.000057777906,0.0002705622,0.00031107944,0.0008422919,0.00038446035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900918,0.00009365587,0.009464554,0.000082796774,0.00014461175,0.000016823016,0.000048406746,0.000026206191,0.000031123513],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941146,0.000008356681,0.00014434644,0.00018105008,0.00008099294,0.0001737929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999606,0.00005125126,0.00001579522,0.00012204067,0.00005560227,0.00014928196],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000147882465,0.00013237922,0.00015793768,0.00002957884,0.00008245078,0.00006270762,0.00009581368,0.00007921172,0.00004216771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043056156,0.00011080272,0.000028850485,0.00006946794,0.000029700728,0.00013290679,0.000041376064,0.000088115376,0.0000012985158],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005217585,0.00050993176,0.5424438,0.005231019,0.0010738665,0.000082374776,0.006836399,0.10948288,0.09227463,0.018639218,0.17749296,0.04541115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013526749,0.0011072058,0.5193262,0.00017147062,0.00013671939,0.000011844918,0.0013419562,0.056722585,0.39009884,0.0010458705,0.027249012,0.0014356117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059748916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002938839,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29782423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010001463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000083507775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45184037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3116391992","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93664","title":"Generation and Relaxation of Residual Stresses in Automotive Cylinder Blocks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IntechOpen eBooks","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Quenching (fluorescence); Ultimate tensile strength; Cylinder; Residual; Composite material; Stress relaxation; Metallurgy; Relaxation (psychology); Mechanical engineering; Creep; Optics","score_opus":0.03451891095053764,"score_gpt":0.23928199582124213,"score_spread":0.2047630848707045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3116391992","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006772716,0.0011933256,0.0010334976,0.00012686393,0.00027610164,0.0007881541,0.00010939875,0.0004925785,0.9892074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9432002,0.00074795797,0.0024234543,0.000059543276,0.0003623246,0.000044223747,0.000086872074,0.00015727681,0.052918166],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999052,0.00001068589,0.0003978328,0.0002523534,0.00016954655,0.00011760973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995432,0.000036405498,0.00012201372,0.00017796204,0.000075480035,0.00004492531],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007648378,0.0002552097,0.00034210965,0.00018393251,0.00002407308,0.00003463741,0.00014905742,0.0003988508,0.000059346115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038223578,0.0002492174,0.000044235483,0.000016858812,0.00007762192,0.000044831206,0.000100346806,0.00045543723,0.000003760893],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045778987,0.00013706615,0.0004969886,0.0048175775,0.0021934824,0.0008943453,0.009616089,0.016056463,0.08260046,0.19796474,0.18597956,0.49878544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011193409,0.00057792943,0.00026999504,0.004353917,0.00022064029,0.00003683581,0.00014446578,0.0034483962,0.8477131,0.04550867,0.094787486,0.0018191781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006579672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022521595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9364275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058109654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030377962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119896879","doi":"10.3390/met11010120","title":"Effect of Asymmetric Material Flow on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5A06 Al-Alloy Welded Joint by VPPA Welding","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Microstructure; Composite material; Joint (building); Ultimate tensile strength; Grain size; Texture (cosmology); Metallurgy; Alloy; Base metal; Grain boundary; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.010202152923448586,"score_gpt":0.20827000832957235,"score_spread":0.19806785540612376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3119896879","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99749285,0.0016196592,0.00009546246,0.00020208095,0.00017420547,0.00017562929,0.000043454333,0.000069808324,0.00012686157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985879,0.00024875757,0.0010304708,0.000028439204,0.000033035696,0.000012257377,0.000005147855,0.000021569025,0.000032415508],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927896,0.0000795499,0.00022500013,0.00013107357,0.00014986988,0.00013554732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996316,0.000088307206,0.000045088298,0.00018271685,0.000025589226,0.000026697839],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029030797,0.00014245156,0.00033382146,0.000051275823,0.000034706856,0.00003147006,0.00009841469,0.00008637035,0.000058050253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015345073,0.000078995225,0.00007450019,0.0001519204,0.000037193673,0.000029265486,0.000074121584,0.000111379144,9.058996e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023578521,0.000008595505,0.000005893281,0.0002901,0.00006900254,0.0000021255562,0.000021914122,0.00030522427,0.99488187,0.000059203514,0.003248011,0.0010844943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014336024,0.00014144239,0.00003060995,0.00015352621,0.000042633008,0.000008109412,0.000008799422,0.00051933917,0.9975312,0.000045678935,0.001287838,0.00008749745],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018251727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001331394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026493084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011158307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004897872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32213318},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121678017","doi":"10.29391/2021.100.005","title":"Shielding Gas and Inclusion Content Effects on Impact Toughness and Tensile Properties of 410NiMo Steel Welds","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Mitacs; Hydro-Québec","keywords":"Charpy impact test; Gas metal arc welding; Shielding gas; Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Shielded metal arc welding; Argon; Toughness; Composite material; Chemistry","score_opus":0.02260743929874163,"score_gpt":0.23237870576322578,"score_spread":0.20977126646448416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121678017","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912332,0.007448934,0.00030408765,0.00025084615,0.00023875078,0.00008562476,0.0000021176656,0.000081322534,0.00035506973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99642754,0.0026286198,0.00067917915,0.000036462232,0.00016841636,0.0000027234976,5.557873e-7,0.000025238873,0.000031243766],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999154,0.000045068038,0.00023389456,0.00013094049,0.00021294694,0.00022320676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954575,0.00009659946,0.00006161833,0.00010554122,0.0000755576,0.00011491448],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023226636,0.00016712151,0.00027448576,0.000104545776,0.00040885637,0.00009130361,0.00008692311,0.000105145686,0.00001334754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012325955,0.000116282914,0.00006344552,0.00009421352,0.000039314815,0.00012056517,0.00042226235,0.00033537747,2.7881887e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007710717,0.000045382272,0.00495812,0.00077710557,0.0001539249,0.0002493896,0.0016247607,0.004461472,0.95681244,0.00009138253,0.00095474755,0.029794179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043106612,0.00023492206,0.0057418635,0.0022213776,0.000033664728,0.00052085915,0.00021172965,0.0008706968,0.98880637,0.00035386087,0.0003855436,0.00018802483],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023377639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004396753,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031993963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005034115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021509994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47418797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121707948","doi":"10.14447/jnmes.v23i4.a08","title":"Microstructure Analysis of IS2062 Plates Cladded with SS2594 by TIG Welding Process","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Gas tungsten arc welding; Metallurgy; Cladding (metalworking); Welding; Inert gas; Base metal; Microstructure; Coating; Tungsten; Composite material; Arc welding","score_opus":0.00778556595656342,"score_gpt":0.2252518795342015,"score_spread":0.21746631357763807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121707948","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901562,0.0011839975,0.008092228,0.00012583846,0.000097662065,0.00019395944,0.00006444508,0.00006907852,0.000016641106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990743,0.00007004472,0.00041276842,0.00001896602,0.00035150247,0.000005762612,0.000024046321,0.000034367295,0.00000823229],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871683,0.000013639868,0.0006389812,0.00012479682,0.00026067568,0.00024508193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918145,0.00005060259,0.0003674093,0.00007907995,0.00017344052,0.00014804222],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000116631454,0.00018783553,0.000774423,0.00009340255,0.000024943929,0.00007352128,0.0002536344,0.0001539387,0.000025904003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050645132,0.00013034175,0.00012815668,0.00036615954,0.000018816287,0.0000877323,0.00001102315,0.00013126431,2.2160465e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002471164,0.0000082898205,0.000051959105,0.00046635073,0.0009400213,0.000003017521,0.00013920775,0.003945998,0.9839235,0.0000072149787,0.010254738,0.000012609881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038335923,0.00030957343,0.00001283868,0.00016580557,0.0005265745,0.000048160087,0.00004224715,0.00046432784,0.9963439,0.000054967044,0.0014923919,0.00015583498],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013801342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.933186e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012420443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051745967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041279403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5315183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122201922","doi":"10.1007/s40194-021-01070-x","title":"Welding thermal efficiency in cold wire gas metal arc welding","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Materials science; Welding; Submerged arc welding; Shielding gas; Metallurgy; Arc welding; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Shielded metal arc welding; Electrode","score_opus":0.012865239971798873,"score_gpt":0.23560266069162056,"score_spread":0.2227374207198217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122201922","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95135707,0.002276094,0.0004252913,0.000971394,0.00057168753,0.00027860515,0.0000048357797,0.00045957835,0.043655474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976559,0.00017613082,0.0012562865,0.0001483794,0.00021400694,0.000059658953,0.000004702518,0.000059655747,0.000425262],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99798673,0.00014111663,0.0004647626,0.00036553695,0.00035758855,0.0006842385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989929,0.00040929936,0.000054933396,0.00045566584,0.00002479298,0.000062384264],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079460413,0.00030628918,0.00035859083,0.0003737254,0.00016178384,0.00015357541,0.00059130497,0.00011859265,0.00018963518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010764901,0.0002496903,0.00013229,0.001482677,0.00006286156,0.00016681672,0.00015182672,0.00076957676,0.000018402623],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004343539,0.00040987236,0.024492308,0.0005309699,0.00012711024,0.0019851762,0.0036021934,0.82973003,0.11306985,0.011970159,0.008114148,0.005924734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009885909,0.000062282095,0.0065877433,0.0016298423,0.000060588703,0.00009719902,0.0012199051,0.011018026,0.93711025,0.0015436977,0.038526364,0.0011555449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001115207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006669918,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82404035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014992364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029075061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123311820","doi":"10.1115/ipc2020-9497","title":"Electromagnetic Induction Post Heating to Reduce NDE Delay Times of Welding In-Service Repairs","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring, and Maintenance; Materials and Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Stantec (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Hydrogen; Fillet (mechanics); Heat-affected zone; Induction heating; Composite material; Metallurgy; Pipeline transport; Fillet weld; Service life; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.012700030937192635,"score_gpt":0.23087209747720955,"score_spread":0.21817206654001692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123311820","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99770164,0.00044109105,0.00041043077,0.00070817966,0.00023711247,0.00017058683,0.000006194031,0.00015840687,0.00016637435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984514,0.00046465182,0.014631253,0.000060815586,0.00025287783,0.000027616588,0.0000029541761,0.000020498774,0.000025349413],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991742,0.000025544115,0.0003213333,0.00019359625,0.00007289276,0.0002124437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973303,0.000014077441,0.000029922261,0.00007918296,0.000062746316,0.0000810563],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017016384,0.00012641084,0.00020561651,0.0000747591,0.00011841206,0.00011584947,0.000055813314,0.000057329227,0.000028145972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000081870865,0.000120327015,0.000013095008,0.00017738093,0.000016690803,0.00020036343,0.000048338978,0.000077069984,0.0000013328913],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002832295,0.000007944036,0.0029382748,0.00017186337,0.000011972099,0.0000045067986,0.0018288003,0.0070085637,0.98571885,0.000261715,0.00015548745,0.0018637234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040998895,0.00042866814,0.022557132,0.0006557218,0.000020247828,0.000036510202,0.0017642768,0.0038780323,0.9689694,0.00006824245,0.0008584194,0.00035336032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00058330013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018334287,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019618858,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020914402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012260818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49067932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125260291","doi":"10.1115/ipc2020-9706","title":"A Quantitative Index to Assess the Influence of Joint Fit-Up on Pipeline Weld Root Discontinuities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring, and Maintenance; Materials and Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Classification of discontinuities; Welding; Offset (computer science); Pipeline transport; Structural engineering; Discontinuity (linguistics); Materials science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Mathematics; Composite material; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.04368165294479105,"score_gpt":0.27442944046593604,"score_spread":0.230747787521145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125260291","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953653,0.00026633017,0.002688715,0.0008239439,0.0003466253,0.0002496249,0.00006724793,0.000113416165,0.00007878278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99709916,0.00056386524,0.0017479521,0.00008606604,0.0002503745,0.000065693974,0.0000036399792,0.00002337823,0.00015989707],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990794,0.000038686034,0.000360863,0.0001965743,0.00012257174,0.00020189473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961495,0.00004576845,0.00005147356,0.00012295348,0.000082833634,0.00008202819],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020303711,0.00017715966,0.00029809453,0.00004838737,0.00018529488,0.00023719388,0.00009853176,0.000057298003,0.000015960364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001900553,0.000121251906,0.000023541532,0.000088730674,0.00006882788,0.00017243286,0.00008867475,0.00010956202,0.0000024341123],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003097436,0.000053953634,0.016865568,0.0010304508,0.00015608178,0.000020310543,0.018937765,0.23476116,0.7051008,0.006765505,0.012696812,0.0033018955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010383665,0.0012834594,0.14234656,0.0029005008,0.00007805656,0.000017052556,0.008205202,0.009453908,0.82029045,0.0002605209,0.013089026,0.0010369198],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033230917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000337801,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22530726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013263717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013535994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49445093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125691114","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2020.12.005","title":"Effect of titanium alloy powder reinforcement on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of GMAW mild steel butt joints","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Acicular ferrite; Welding; Metallurgy; Titanium; Ultimate tensile strength; Gas metal arc welding; Titanium powder; Alloy; Titanium alloy; Composite material; Acicular; Microstructure; Butt joint; Butt welding; Toughness; Arc welding; Austenite; Bainite","score_opus":0.009725263349624223,"score_gpt":0.20507650628732352,"score_spread":0.1953512429376993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125691114","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863554,0.00134671,0.010994847,0.00006972898,0.00052796124,0.000367918,0.000016678157,0.00024664105,0.00007406714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986751,0.00021309052,0.000966406,0.000007905509,0.000044229575,0.000018311706,0.0000037376467,0.000037192993,0.000034023644],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991245,0.000028127079,0.00028222505,0.00014531291,0.00020189899,0.00021789367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951047,0.00008384599,0.00004465776,0.00026156427,0.000055130593,0.000044317898],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021883,0.00020032556,0.00028734904,0.00005643152,0.000036892463,0.000017511142,0.00012743326,0.0001198448,0.000016178514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000113338756,0.00013887601,0.000080033606,0.00012488953,0.000013827236,0.000044592573,0.00009151876,0.00020417506,0.0000011655637],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023117029,0.0000070172364,0.0000020633852,0.00055484055,0.00008142118,0.0000031830211,0.000054919903,0.09668743,0.8923499,0.009963723,0.00014173976,0.00013065798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017832474,0.00023119705,0.000024168276,0.00034078636,0.000032759202,0.000013656782,0.000028023735,0.08613077,0.91260546,0.00007865526,0.00020135405,0.00013485142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001107788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001920321,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02025557,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007032303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015289965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56631994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3128653773","doi":"10.5781/jwj.2021.39.1.10","title":"Determination of Optimal Weld Parameter for Joining Titanium Alloys by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding using Taguchi Method","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Welding and Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Dong-Eui University","keywords":"Taguchi methods; Welding; Metallurgy; Materials science; Gas tungsten arc welding; Tungsten; Titanium alloy; Arc (geometry); Titanium; Arc welding; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Alloy; Engineering","score_opus":0.02497649085217593,"score_gpt":0.29210678972714627,"score_spread":0.2671302988749703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3128653773","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5113482,0.0013665617,0.486602,0.00012498905,0.00023630245,0.000052697433,0.0000047301323,0.000044277476,0.0002202212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.56396437,0.0001897425,0.4356867,0.00002414356,0.00009773198,0.0000013705857,8.909912e-7,0.000024008314,0.00001105336],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872303,0.000054333534,0.0006019523,0.00014731832,0.00020263977,0.00027073344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989129,0.00045143467,0.0002788278,0.00009875075,0.00015941181,0.00009867807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007854921,0.00016605156,0.0003978098,0.00018156563,0.00012875676,0.000097238684,0.00010351852,0.00011122055,0.000014818193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029790946,0.00015509881,0.00015362048,0.00015979909,0.00002447631,0.00030752426,0.000046821377,0.0002499441,9.974789e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011443199,0.00007414678,0.0038997722,0.00072236045,0.00033675326,0.00011164237,0.0016554821,0.09579262,0.8313785,0.00034632641,0.0018492173,0.06371871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007704227,0.0002617255,0.00017017072,0.001054798,0.00016648628,0.00070474914,0.0010446463,0.11753042,0.87580425,0.00066676526,0.0015212555,0.00030429816],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007250727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.3656084e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06341441,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044538083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027940643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63247454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3130233764","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_31","title":"X-ray Radiography Study on Defect Analysis of Electron Beam Welded Plain C-Steel and Fe-7% Al Alloy Joints","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"˜The œminerals, metals & materials series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Alloy; Cathode ray; Beam (structure); Radiography; Porosity; Fusion; Metallurgy; Optics; Composite material; Electron; Physics; Radiology; Medicine","score_opus":0.013383845089673399,"score_gpt":0.22837440980617318,"score_spread":0.2149905647164998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3130233764","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850788,0.0055866735,0.000022529795,0.00007739746,0.000563335,0.0010979578,0.00060837815,0.0004505035,0.0065143844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9674265,0.0049335742,0.00032953153,0.00007967588,0.00025677023,0.0001399119,0.00040270045,0.00023443793,0.026196897],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997239,0.00018036434,0.0010043785,0.00062237325,0.00049871963,0.00045518787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99840486,0.0001680719,0.00037236235,0.0008664758,0.00009568529,0.00009254473],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007187906,0.0008469815,0.0021574548,0.00074905064,0.00015197357,0.00024566238,0.00039987947,0.00035271942,0.0003661035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020034944,0.0006229705,0.0006291956,0.0002932424,0.00018606556,0.00012280956,0.0001720297,0.00030075092,0.00000555428],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026999103,0.00015947148,0.000064277985,0.0005227928,0.019091547,0.000109938286,0.00037928057,0.0043377345,0.9649099,0.0023918725,0.0076864143,0.00007674588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009341856,0.0018359579,0.002687478,0.00066433084,0.014442421,0.000041153373,0.00024605053,0.000026818796,0.8918886,0.0014285876,0.08354776,0.002256606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018583618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035601488,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07586135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039381237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020872983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99962217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133356707","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_113","title":"Residual Stress Prediction in the Casting Process of Automotive Powertrain Components","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"˜The œminerals, metals & materials series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada); University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Powertrain; Casting; Finite element method; Residual; Stress (linguistics); Automotive industry; Process (computing); Automotive engine; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering; Materials science; Automotive engineering; Computer science; Metallurgy; Algorithm; Torque","score_opus":0.021670341017224037,"score_gpt":0.23461291243202026,"score_spread":0.21294257141479622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3133356707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89810956,0.006308221,0.00010238446,0.00054309383,0.0028094966,0.0025159307,0.0059621814,0.0010656237,0.08258353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9640952,0.00082613784,0.0003120058,0.000049708164,0.0007397073,0.00015204366,0.0007858232,0.00018927424,0.032850098],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976033,0.00018023621,0.00095993717,0.00036248122,0.0005248087,0.00036921672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99875414,0.00016257053,0.00034910842,0.0005223424,0.00017351462,0.000038330592],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007153627,0.0005614812,0.00090746436,0.00015338734,0.00012820832,0.00018845787,0.0005755412,0.00036535188,0.00039390745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000513018,0.00036306138,0.00012197727,0.000097466385,0.00022321938,0.00020441966,0.00014090996,0.0003666078,0.000006151164],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050303666,0.00033932074,0.00010112504,0.012066654,0.0024513316,0.00089587085,0.013346771,0.03494589,0.88999945,0.019255288,0.025386935,0.00070834014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071836595,0.00038271662,0.0012459762,0.0059717554,0.0006760143,0.0003494314,0.0019266731,0.00010673746,0.9479184,0.011557091,0.027561313,0.0015855337],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022654171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028619915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.065985665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047671554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042936925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3137210759","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-334951/v1","title":"A Novel Method of Defect Detection Based on Experimental Investigation of Galvanized Steel Welded Plates Using Wobble Laser Process","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Galvanization; Speed wobble; Materials science; Process (computing); Welding; Laser; Metallurgy; Composite material; Computer science; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.08294934872741053,"score_gpt":0.3968709356785391,"score_spread":0.3139215869511286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3137210759","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95500535,0.00040262038,0.043255646,0.000011546125,0.00009688094,0.0007775551,0.00005822096,0.00018292427,0.00020923936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.966607,0.00002822133,0.03304061,0.0000025095708,0.00005336543,0.0001394304,0.000059275128,0.00006386074,0.0000057485904],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99789023,0.00025359608,0.00038277067,0.00036861468,0.0007975663,0.00030719987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985826,0.00037178522,0.00011683056,0.00041071887,0.00043021434,0.000087842665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00084613025,0.00023877757,0.0004290173,0.00049478165,0.000080570724,0.00006256098,0.00023929743,0.000376043,0.000051409243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002508006,0.00023031248,0.00018572077,0.00053284096,0.00008356576,0.00007323531,0.00019406447,0.0007905586,4.3904913e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006913732,0.00007514349,0.0001938816,0.0032165968,0.00005219616,0.0000029147952,0.00028191233,0.38022247,0.61568356,0.0000034075692,0.000013545882,0.0001852699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003237577,0.00015717426,0.00036060382,0.0025031054,0.000017188013,0.0000020311259,0.0004323215,0.173586,0.8223704,0.00008215685,0.000004150177,0.00016111784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005129842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003420568,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20668687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023397253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019408514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93918705},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3153135787","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2021.2.001","title":"The impact of heat input on the mechanical properties and microstructure of High Strength Low Alloy steel welded joint by GMA welding process","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Microstructure; Ultimate tensile strength; Indentation hardness; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Alloy; Composite material; Joint (building); High-strength low-alloy steel; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.009393778151538046,"score_gpt":0.21260935360760994,"score_spread":0.20321557545607188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3153135787","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951524,0.0016461967,0.0023179844,0.00015497558,0.00021526682,0.00024301233,0.000057226,0.00019780116,0.000015148747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985881,0.00079891266,0.00044832408,0.000009106365,0.00005151228,0.000023506005,0.0000058431,0.000060015984,0.000014716924],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886096,0.000026332647,0.00036425708,0.0001954,0.00023054252,0.0003225416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930435,0.00012230026,0.00005601537,0.0003571769,0.00009141571,0.00006874437],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019066609,0.0002776636,0.0003597611,0.000045729616,0.000097506745,0.00005583173,0.00024417439,0.00016140986,0.00001171484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017636883,0.00015848881,0.000117027485,0.00019703562,0.000025015397,0.00004167839,0.00009764042,0.00038165197,3.029042e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016441883,0.00002727694,0.0000017190945,0.00033364762,0.00016497001,0.000003973432,0.00019961539,0.3529933,0.64370966,0.0018025744,0.00042227315,0.0003245663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001500102,0.00012291402,0.000037188147,0.00039876488,0.000019742352,0.000016814905,0.000103155275,0.107336596,0.891177,0.00038035715,0.00008292278,0.00017455184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031009014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040023046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24746735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053081523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034243898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6462986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3154404402","doi":"10.29391/2021.100.010","title":"Globular-to-Spray Transition in Cold Wire Gas Metal Arc Welding","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universidade Federal do Pará; University of Waterloo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministério da Educação; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Plasma arc welding; Materials science; Groove (engineering); Current (fluid); Metallurgy; Shielding gas; Mechanics; Composite material; Arc welding; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.009825434738105461,"score_gpt":0.2244207940757186,"score_spread":0.21459535933761315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3154404402","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96182543,0.0015624386,0.03136926,0.0015279964,0.00072334695,0.00011805039,0.000007849661,0.0003140049,0.0025516048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866828,0.0006025444,0.01205758,0.00013243794,0.00040450305,0.000008363656,0.0000033384201,0.000045468885,0.000063020016],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998641,0.000059680526,0.00037497166,0.00019421887,0.00029062395,0.00043950227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995032,0.00005128829,0.0000401294,0.00015412725,0.00006096331,0.0001902667],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037296044,0.00019735015,0.00027150664,0.00022703249,0.00015849691,0.0001917685,0.00018396907,0.00013237608,0.00022866816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006281941,0.00019590471,0.0001291321,0.0004558827,0.000016519025,0.0002122021,0.0000372249,0.0006092767,0.000015755319],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004916591,0.00015080966,0.0019368998,0.0002516511,0.00022231057,0.0035356407,0.0015407851,0.5069408,0.45630115,0.0008096002,0.01569252,0.012568679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00065688306,0.00008937614,0.0011643198,0.0010052085,0.000051997686,0.0012302242,0.00037207743,0.0018839345,0.9554309,0.0011208818,0.036454298,0.0005398875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014310609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004155666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50505686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017544268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039308754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79887617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157519307","doi":"10.18280/jesa.540216","title":"Arc Welding Current Control Using Thyristor Based Three-Phase Rectifiers Applied to Gas Metal Arc Welding Connected to Grid Network","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Gas metal arc welding; Welding power supply; Arc welding; Thyristor; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Voltage; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Filler metal; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.02622077795505509,"score_gpt":0.27410954223346273,"score_spread":0.24788876427840764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3157519307","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5116827,0.003254969,0.47872138,0.00025621612,0.0031566713,0.00070667994,0.000056706103,0.0013378958,0.0008267811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93636966,0.0001464279,0.06132331,0.00018994098,0.0017002368,0.000050463343,0.000011648487,0.00018735953,0.000020958923],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99650496,0.00024298142,0.001027115,0.00050237536,0.0006604138,0.001062165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793917,0.0003437118,0.00026223136,0.00045814423,0.00028101014,0.0007157567],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079958927,0.0005701564,0.0008933527,0.0004062663,0.00070314435,0.0005754225,0.00047375791,0.00015409483,0.00022172935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041404358,0.00053503516,0.00030655053,0.0011136414,0.00005591608,0.00020780522,0.00013697743,0.0008079524,0.000037473277],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013443636,0.000117866184,0.0003647168,0.00039572033,0.0004071988,0.00054177444,0.00026683163,0.82428163,0.046765994,0.00017222672,0.016158042,0.11039358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008390916,0.0011692486,0.016458172,0.009828174,0.0014506821,0.0029543228,0.0004826575,0.684562,0.20217918,0.0041919886,0.06373136,0.0046012946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029429217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005144149,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42468694,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00070224376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017093528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99971014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158502284","doi":"10.18280/jesa.540213","title":"Using Artificial Neural Networks to Predict the Effect of Input Parameters on Weld Bead Geometry for SAW Process","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Mosul","keywords":"Welding; Artificial neural network; Process (computing); Submerged arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Voltage; Computer science; Arc welding; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.024750470607346527,"score_gpt":0.281825895944562,"score_spread":0.25707542533721545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158502284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9374726,0.00075203594,0.06015766,0.0000960216,0.000699709,0.00043111088,0.000020482279,0.00025546725,0.000114954724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99537086,0.000045795474,0.0040594833,0.000047509526,0.00036853846,0.000025110367,0.0000031729546,0.000068111214,0.000011425701],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984023,0.00016741843,0.0005287375,0.00017753124,0.00032348125,0.000400548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988398,0.00051820587,0.00015811084,0.00023618039,0.00011917316,0.00012855451],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004739131,0.00024875614,0.00040637705,0.00015080239,0.0002591566,0.00020726715,0.0003057821,0.00010834657,0.000013436495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038948617,0.00016436791,0.00019960558,0.00049927906,0.000060234757,0.00011394179,0.00005474674,0.00037054764,0.0000015205595],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000062194886,0.000018391973,0.0008974025,0.00046769905,0.00012887805,0.000048568007,0.00009635636,0.9259893,0.0013685463,0.00003839945,0.0011474775,0.06973682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040362502,0.0013782042,0.0134646315,0.0014740616,0.00020183458,0.00062437815,0.00007222609,0.8147304,0.16624884,0.0008323447,0.00018263032,0.0003868097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008773155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000057910133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16488029,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009419548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025730451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6702729},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3161181136","doi":"10.1115/1.4051131","title":"A General Expression for the Welding Tendon Force","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Expression (computer science); Welding; Distortion (music); Residual stress; Dimensionless quantity; Residual; Machining; Materials science; Applied mathematics; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics; Computer science; Engineering; Physics; Composite material; Algorithm; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.009626670355870002,"score_gpt":0.2229293411423132,"score_spread":0.2133026707864432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3161181136","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9430968,0.0017989515,0.054130446,0.00019105987,0.00057778147,0.00005772765,0.0000010262551,0.000062441584,0.00008373909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981394,0.00062020513,0.017643543,0.000018673938,0.00027315744,0.0000034793557,1.1337185e-7,0.000012598169,0.000034232842],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930525,0.0000024307967,0.00017159148,0.0000814098,0.0002270993,0.00021219174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960935,0.00011121406,0.00003705594,0.00009441357,0.00007966269,0.000068321075],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000403809,0.00008816977,0.00011305958,0.00009409322,0.0001579825,0.00012841185,0.00019505792,0.000030337193,0.0000031711359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011107356,0.000056296387,0.00004840549,0.000102990474,0.00003449581,0.00025534004,0.000047466467,0.00014898297,1.0711653e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004597648,0.0000047541034,0.000028292501,0.00012045103,0.00001849186,0.000019278514,0.00012860977,0.57183176,0.41811907,0.00006679101,0.0008220737,0.008835801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010932125,0.000020715846,0.001187458,0.00012952405,0.000011236336,0.00014815794,0.000055166718,0.015850585,0.9746138,0.000092535025,0.0076990006,0.000082527615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001178838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.2651565e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5564947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041780284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026001486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3161620947","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-48200-8_21-1","title":"NDE in The Automotive Sector","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Automotive industry; Spot welding; Manufacturing engineering; Context (archaeology); Engineering; Process (computing); Welding; Nondestructive testing; Computer science; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.018133659924781664,"score_gpt":0.20956696304001896,"score_spread":0.1914333031152373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3161620947","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007482083,0.001083695,0.00025731145,0.00012149306,0.00012067172,0.00011193249,0.000011460928,0.00036714578,0.9978515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.032292254,0.0025985793,0.0017148698,0.00036708126,0.00051336637,0.000029287332,0.000054929944,0.00013699726,0.9622926],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995517,0.0000049133027,0.000113151116,0.00011036919,0.000110928995,0.0001089493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997079,0.000054100943,0.000011810285,0.00019441593,0.000016785358,0.000015019153],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004721909,0.00015383872,0.00014999947,0.00004949922,0.000014677247,0.000030131652,0.00016549234,0.0001974732,0.0014514228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055406063,0.000098187054,0.00006412618,0.000020062665,0.000016116335,0.000014590654,0.000031599713,0.00033306985,0.000027645821],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027289464,0.00002805601,0.000033734665,0.00050741684,0.0002572148,0.0009373239,0.0007311234,0.003915877,0.00009954115,0.4452248,0.5389475,0.009314657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007636699,0.000022647404,0.00016764221,0.00041853142,0.00002277871,0.000023344432,0.000044907178,0.00015155307,0.0031078646,0.014625538,0.98092264,0.00041617884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026766527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011943326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44197512,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003580263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010016979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162498218","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.05.006","title":"Numerical modelling and experimental validation of the effect of laser beam defocusing on process optimization during fiber laser welding of automotive press-hardened steels","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Laser beam welding; Welding; Shielding gas; Heat-affected zone; Keyhole; Electric resistance welding; Laser power scaling; Laser; Weld pool; Finite element method; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Optics; Arc welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.008955320945080959,"score_gpt":0.23427203047430128,"score_spread":0.22531670952922034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3162498218","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996648,0.00065737235,0.0023467743,0.000013330931,0.00007510925,0.00012903311,0.0000051102043,0.00002842459,0.00009685288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99812174,0.00014313095,0.0016387786,0.0000015541062,0.000048863843,0.0000029407897,0.0000011496041,0.000027843487,0.000013999628],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988861,0.000049845756,0.00047445454,0.000121511584,0.00033740458,0.00013070188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905586,0.00016992463,0.00041956187,0.00010829655,0.00020901443,0.000037334874],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015691374,0.00016574668,0.00035290897,0.00008936998,0.00006291593,0.000029052839,0.00014069195,0.00008031214,0.000016218668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000109926055,0.000115856004,0.000082297236,0.00012266719,0.00003823012,0.0002483775,0.000046193367,0.00017852415,4.972167e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000106083455,0.000043350123,0.00022753925,0.0021300863,0.000075637894,0.0000043413183,0.00037540807,0.9966573,0.00036045013,1.2008615e-8,0.0000066196044,0.000013134113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044351854,0.00017343202,0.000106690306,0.0014581279,0.00006769504,0.00003124937,0.00008758272,0.00045115635,0.9970557,0.000014649465,0.0000055618857,0.00010461627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005147304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4325721e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9966953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037566217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003078533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4724471},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"bench_or_experimental","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"medium"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W3162736848","doi":"10.1007/s11665-021-05838-6","title":"Characterization of Microstructure, Microtexture, and Mechanical Response in UNS N08825 Superalloy/AISI 316L Stainless Steel Welds by Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Electron backscatter diffraction; Microstructure; Ultimate tensile strength; Metallurgy; Welding; Grain boundary; Superalloy; Texture (cosmology); Elongation; Composite material","score_opus":0.0030437220236767997,"score_gpt":0.19168683445688023,"score_spread":0.18864311243320342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3162736848","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977774,0.00053296424,0.0013844521,0.00005650719,0.0001485162,0.00004528912,0.000033077933,0.000020791527,0.0000010021034],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99591166,0.0034136344,0.0005499046,0.000009826259,0.000058251826,0.0000019826214,0.000021099177,0.000018250552,0.000015405918],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919546,0.000039480692,0.00040962175,0.00009677878,0.00010172885,0.00015690619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996828,0.000035751043,0.000093566356,0.00008503564,0.000057374604,0.00004551578],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029002427,0.00013883022,0.0003545788,0.00019958864,0.000022066224,0.000057930254,0.000061918305,0.00012838811,0.000017808294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015021655,0.00012262633,0.00003738304,0.0002038511,0.000012058802,0.00019024008,0.000021988113,0.00017029286,1.0230235e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019067108,0.000011426279,0.00066891266,0.0002418313,0.00008430137,0.0000060025322,0.000060600232,0.0043097395,0.9942741,0.000003240897,0.000021395947,0.00012778878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023488428,0.00009583162,0.12456133,0.00012617819,0.000050890176,0.00006802541,0.000008326949,0.0018012987,0.8725534,0.000003623504,0.00037924375,0.00011695686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005762679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019284432,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12389242,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003485793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013226492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5000557},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3168285233","doi":"10.29391/2021.100.018","title":"∝-Ferrite Suppression during Fiber Laser Welding of Al-Si Coated 22MnB5 Press-Hardened Steel","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Coating; Ferrite (magnet); Metallurgy; Composite material; Electric resistance welding","score_opus":0.012291936606815388,"score_gpt":0.23540464653805476,"score_spread":0.22311270993123938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3168285233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907856,0.00237454,0.0004513309,0.0002500939,0.00074396556,0.000104289626,0.00002257372,0.0003737001,0.0048939236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927883,0.0021159058,0.0033118085,0.00003795615,0.0003313102,0.0000067758065,0.000009793297,0.00008137697,0.0013167378],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981688,0.00008213681,0.00058556447,0.00024143272,0.00042951253,0.00049255596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907976,0.000096797594,0.0001554674,0.00030061646,0.00017408625,0.00019326953],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025898323,0.00027451804,0.0003939508,0.00015248034,0.00025696267,0.00017976701,0.00029920912,0.00018919627,0.00095398043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010657829,0.0002499278,0.00019402656,0.0002166869,0.000039307073,0.00035677422,0.00016962137,0.00067610835,0.000009998823],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000117071046,0.00015016484,0.0026768735,0.00078305847,0.00044720303,0.0010394595,0.00043213728,0.5191554,0.4018421,0.000019957777,0.0721243,0.0012122925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006170253,0.00003069789,0.0021177311,0.0010251503,0.00004822181,0.00044996562,0.00007205317,0.0004934315,0.9608337,0.00008612822,0.033926014,0.0002998447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016115328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040457094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5589917,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000905152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003452393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999953},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3172334747","doi":"10.1007/s11665-021-05936-5","title":"Effects of Secondary-Phase Formation on the Electrochemical Performance of a Wire Arc Additive Manufactured 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel under Different Heat Treatment Conditions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Martensite; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy; Martensitic stainless steel; Electric arc; Arc (geometry); Phase (matter); Composite material; Electrode; Mechanical engineering; Microstructure","score_opus":0.005786494370612211,"score_gpt":0.2055134381103525,"score_spread":0.1997269437397403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3172334747","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987216,0.00034285677,0.00053363974,0.00004444967,0.00015278599,0.00011557574,0.000049863203,0.000023701981,0.00001554342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99747247,0.0022531718,0.00013470497,0.000010630694,0.000075610755,0.000012391428,0.000017964941,0.000015575622,0.0000074841446],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992863,0.000021733802,0.00034375492,0.00006128088,0.00013583731,0.00015110263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955237,0.00014450715,0.0000915033,0.00009174573,0.00007540138,0.00004447196],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000074071795,0.00016045611,0.00033163326,0.000074085605,0.000042425258,0.00002125756,0.000062440515,0.000061918414,0.000027690765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001277741,0.00010267422,0.000053281066,0.000052629755,0.000026279797,0.000114724266,0.000013263608,0.0001255468,2.8405933e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012195682,0.00008057049,0.000011212157,0.0012915523,0.00012356444,0.000008487012,0.00017840971,0.011949829,0.98549116,0.000045203364,0.0000840815,0.00061398745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006578849,0.00077085133,0.0049419976,0.0007476903,0.000058442612,0.000103526305,0.000030245157,0.005219809,0.98728406,0.000012054576,0.00007364515,0.00009976517],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000011476415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.9649757e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0067300205,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000062104096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018847164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4186933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173262317","doi":"10.3390/s21217309","title":"Semi-Supervised Training for Positioning of Welding Seams","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Robustness (evolution); Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Welding; Computer vision; Robot; Machine learning; Supervised learning; Process (computing); Artificial neural network; Pattern recognition (psychology); Engineering","score_opus":0.026085332143715174,"score_gpt":0.24964637500038003,"score_spread":0.22356104285666487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3173262317","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98539525,0.00028342707,0.009119288,0.0000851886,0.0000980062,0.000060966395,0.000009011957,0.0002676816,0.004681197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9781073,0.00004647497,0.021688413,0.0000143902,0.0000592894,0.0000045549364,0.000004993125,0.000017086733,0.0000575002],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999602,0.000007964764,0.00011324705,0.0000782357,0.00005710536,0.00014140694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997779,0.00006254586,0.000011373605,0.00008248342,0.000035609686,0.000030058565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005643821,0.000059852606,0.00009843375,0.000030158484,0.00004588299,0.000014720946,0.000040728995,0.000039877654,0.000028265147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033449713,0.000061852545,0.000053319432,0.000107293046,0.000011855872,0.000033202003,0.000009918335,0.000045916084,7.2480753e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017612889,0.00002949176,0.00081017334,0.00059100514,0.00012755684,0.00003999583,0.003168219,0.45536104,0.5138916,0.0046592015,0.00092071696,0.020383408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016888102,0.000019771913,0.0002875083,0.00012916412,0.000011903101,0.000016344207,0.00080849044,0.023804087,0.9730735,0.0006071122,0.0009656923,0.00010757114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000504629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018859997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4591819,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011730401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007291269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25222734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3176353381","doi":"10.18280/mmep.080317","title":"Distortion Control for Dissimilar Welding of SS321 to Hastelloy C-276 with CO2 Laser Beam Butt Joints Using Taguchi Methods","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Taguchi methods; Butt joint; Mechanical engineering; Butt welding; Orthogonal array; Laser; Laser Doppler vibrometer; Distortion (music); Laser power scaling; Composite material; Metallurgy; Optics; Engineering; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.030355135127964013,"score_gpt":0.2618328792527711,"score_spread":0.2314777441248071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3176353381","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1745573,0.00035107523,0.82443225,0.000033586304,0.000057555033,0.00027755613,0.0000149717,0.00022094343,0.000054779422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5630155,0.000031976666,0.43680468,0.000004847075,0.00002596034,0.000041860014,0.0000034747673,0.000049562525,0.00002215404],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998954,0.000012083957,0.00036649004,0.00022444405,0.00013559822,0.00030737647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993631,0.00020295005,0.000038668342,0.00018800246,0.00007131742,0.00013593433],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002790293,0.00022492772,0.00042640773,0.00008022131,0.000062558756,0.00005228746,0.0000769301,0.00010513224,0.0000068190925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005772429,0.00018923207,0.00006918235,0.00014975602,0.000021312904,0.00006991491,0.000027658149,0.00013843882,4.3418572e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009109377,0.000029073115,0.00000765914,0.0016587011,0.00006457599,0.0000022566594,0.00019070655,0.98132116,0.01607253,0.00035650522,0.000014318269,0.00027339684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024353903,0.000057031844,0.0000028131562,0.00094776414,0.00007592289,0.000017175818,0.00002319842,0.8236788,0.1723413,0.0021413576,0.00024175642,0.00022933954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000039550705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.6299956e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3884582,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035209792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009821546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77166605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3176604954","doi":"10.1007/s11090-021-10192-5","title":"Dominant Heat Transfer Mechanisms in the GTAW Plasma Arc Column","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Heat transfer; Plasma arc welding; Mechanics; Joule heating; Arc (geometry); Cathode; Thermal conduction; Convection; Anode; Plasma; Chemistry; Convective heat transfer; Current (fluid); Thermodynamics; Materials science; Physics; Electrode; Mechanical engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.009659966572872217,"score_gpt":0.20842811152119606,"score_spread":0.19876814494832384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3176604954","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889097,0.0006642365,0.0015776186,0.00031545648,0.0000831831,0.00011934686,0.000027470347,0.00020105607,0.008101892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996731,0.0004991688,0.0023599055,0.00004168983,0.00008240056,0.000051758547,0.000031106396,0.00003606418,0.00016692668],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986758,0.000026429234,0.00030404556,0.00033747504,0.00023762549,0.0004186289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949855,0.00016625595,0.0000127537905,0.00019508801,0.000038041708,0.00008930006],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020182198,0.0002821923,0.0002808271,0.000023196491,0.00021814833,0.00023490471,0.0002305652,0.00024665555,0.000073681374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041095078,0.00022939022,0.00005788783,0.00028510814,0.00007347808,0.00014721212,0.000039800303,0.00047624434,0.000003411602],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108603235,0.00017761702,0.00027505847,0.0041402397,0.000065425374,0.000804537,0.0021837538,0.009114015,0.96305,0.00023534817,0.0011232921,0.018722123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005348255,0.000014896324,0.000044941633,0.00043496327,0.000029019813,0.000543237,0.0006294274,0.03156446,0.9607988,0.0004731734,0.004607898,0.00032435078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013356906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052454732,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022450447,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036910606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057751546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9354262},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177294382","doi":"10.3390/met11060981","title":"Optimization of Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process Parameters Using Heat Transfer Search Algorithm: With Experimental Validation Using Case Studies","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Gas tungsten arc welding; Welding; Inert gas; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Machining; Heat-affected zone; Heat transfer; Gas metal arc welding; Response surface methodology; Process (computing); Tungsten; Computer science; Arc welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Mechanics; Engineering; Machine learning","score_opus":0.06949951781435589,"score_gpt":0.33228194803047056,"score_spread":0.2627824302161147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3177294382","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.855977,0.0008267157,0.14283845,0.000009132786,0.000042545154,0.00016583019,0.00000746696,0.000114457995,0.0000184273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8823711,0.00007980155,0.11746451,0.0000036960496,0.00002056408,0.000010965324,0.000011924723,0.000034440065,0.0000029823527],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991702,0.000054482203,0.00022796093,0.0001756419,0.00019375155,0.00017800336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964887,0.00003899688,0.0000136564195,0.000114175375,0.00014656861,0.00003773542],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011600222,0.00015679446,0.00027645598,0.000102667,0.00008895566,0.000040010316,0.000049114286,0.00005905261,0.000018210041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013849014,0.00013075744,0.00004347665,0.00036351185,0.000042583284,0.00027181138,0.00002136763,0.00008578669,1.15142186e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000070457318,0.0000245605,0.000022464637,0.00012367491,0.00015152465,0.00009337162,0.00057056156,0.73621386,0.26263633,6.6695395e-7,0.0000015968428,0.00015429642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016985337,0.000032568,6.397459e-7,0.00016142263,0.00006895133,0.00032986543,0.0014877141,0.24081223,0.75681186,0.0000020992884,0.0000012514796,0.00012152906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008495458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021783633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49540168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000091324786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022972654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5332134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3178527183","doi":"10.18280/rcma.310306","title":"Performance Assessment of the Developed Flux Powder on the Tensile and Hardness Properties of Steels Joints Using TIG-Welding","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Covenant University","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Galvanization; Metallurgy; Gas tungsten arc welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Flux (metallurgy); Tensile testing; Indentation hardness; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Microstructure; Arc welding","score_opus":0.10933743616370702,"score_gpt":0.27854826069388994,"score_spread":0.16921082453018294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3178527183","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951589,0.0008030437,0.0019048827,0.000084534775,0.00014146167,0.00022266142,0.000009764323,0.00006967383,0.0016050519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97492,0.00055724545,0.024232645,0.000028233177,0.000025795644,0.000011924799,0.000002265076,0.000032712836,0.00018922375],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991029,0.00008550074,0.0003000566,0.00015331678,0.00016449728,0.00019376552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993024,0.00010145361,0.00008804611,0.00030781806,0.00016971477,0.000030581516],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020479337,0.00017383358,0.00028518116,0.00004589164,0.00018352503,0.000055139386,0.00019505454,0.000059465714,0.000020209636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058494807,0.000096773714,0.00006359842,0.00019463553,0.00018313572,0.000106323365,0.00017035779,0.00017500062,8.1052264e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017431172,0.000075165895,0.022699056,0.0035101764,0.00016998111,0.00000952745,0.0010804906,0.17682238,0.79264516,0.00068023737,0.0001638184,0.0021265962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011744887,0.00003648525,0.029610377,0.0031348492,0.000039379327,0.00006778746,0.000120876706,0.05318963,0.91313076,0.000104658364,0.00028500814,0.00016271589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011175045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008021742,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.123632744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056266457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045918514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39463177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202090278","doi":"10.5006/3824","title":"Corrosion Behavior of Unprotected Weldments in Marine Environments","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CORROSION","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Consumables; Corrosion; Welding; Metallurgy; Cathodic protection; Materials science; Heat-affected zone; Electrochemistry; Electrode","score_opus":0.009907470638085641,"score_gpt":0.21969149287638426,"score_spread":0.20978402223829862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3202090278","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995888,0.00017046175,0.0027163927,0.000008931125,0.00022615724,0.00017817614,0.000008733138,0.00010319441,0.00069997675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99775225,0.00040069484,0.0014750267,0.000006570792,0.0000126483865,0.000032300875,0.000041734034,0.000019803298,0.00025895133],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938685,0.000016643604,0.00019467075,0.00013011917,0.00013468407,0.00013700825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973077,0.000012800006,0.000026960299,0.00018554105,0.000009700181,0.000034243407],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000037883638,0.00009833039,0.00013617495,0.000054000368,0.00002054352,0.000007195718,0.00008315342,0.00009307386,0.00021097426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001355368,0.000095172414,0.000031761356,0.00015330348,0.000016820382,0.00004229782,0.000119093645,0.000118812015,0.000009692468],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007745105,0.000097616175,0.028389683,0.00004263356,3.7130874e-7,0.00003462082,0.000028316434,0.0009775768,0.9663591,0.0000048059683,0.00021434463,0.003843204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026052314,0.000035127745,0.044997096,0.00012704816,0.000007879627,0.000004856353,0.000017622244,0.00031910522,0.95332044,0.000050225128,0.00075970753,0.000100365774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002614077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002416609,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016607413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051814663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000055359287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38810185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3203305622","doi":"10.4271/05-15-01-0005","title":"Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Laser-Welded Dual-Phase and Boron Steel Joints","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Intelligent Mechatronic Systems (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Welding; Dual-phase steel; Boron; Composite material; Dual (grammatical number); Phase (matter); Metallurgy; Laser; Martensite; Chemistry; Optics","score_opus":0.008095699981045411,"score_gpt":0.23094558870482293,"score_spread":0.2228498887237775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3203305622","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985054,0.00084366027,0.00002935935,0.00013228525,0.00037361382,0.000057654463,0.000038520117,0.000010400699,0.000009121305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973321,0.0021527482,0.00037558854,0.000020211224,0.00009850135,9.4854505e-7,0.0000024625783,0.000011372018,0.0000060962693],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936897,0.000025413921,0.00029780515,0.00007971939,0.00015189794,0.000076218705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972945,0.000037640606,0.00008831804,0.000044008946,0.000055855802,0.000044721983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008798169,0.00010660139,0.0002508288,0.00006486935,0.00001949038,0.000049497954,0.000058591977,0.00006199916,0.000015866784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003191632,0.000076820375,0.000028015033,0.000008606694,0.000034093508,0.00008581921,0.00007731167,0.000076475975,4.560634e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014391058,0.000029889836,0.000011418952,0.000499362,0.00010362829,0.00007423358,0.000100064964,0.00019124593,0.9977092,0.000022663948,0.000055616398,0.0010587501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077348156,0.00013242934,0.00454599,0.0009251962,0.000027242908,0.00018561001,0.00003016978,0.000009827734,0.9928154,0.000334539,0.00015125005,0.00006891665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012205946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043747605,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0048938687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012781362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007944675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3132644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3204022484","doi":"10.18280/acsm.450406","title":"Process Variable Optimization of Cold Metal Transfer Technique in Cladding of Stellite-6 on AISI 316 L Alloy Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stellite; Materials science; Cladding (metalworking); Grey relational analysis; Indentation hardness; Welding; Process variable; Composite material; Response surface methodology; Metallurgy; Alloy; Austenitic stainless steel; Orthogonal array; Corrosion; Central composite design; Taguchi methods; Process (computing); Microstructure","score_opus":0.03588608704247723,"score_gpt":0.2777394967637062,"score_spread":0.24185340972122896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3204022484","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5847666,0.00015445788,0.4138749,0.000012099928,0.000023443135,0.0001325506,0.000019136776,0.00006697119,0.0009498047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87469244,0.00013500852,0.12510616,0.000008531678,0.0000106807665,0.000012279155,0.000010504304,0.000013378977,0.000011040877],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987608,0.000035888486,0.00035797324,0.0002372884,0.0003512872,0.0002567411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938494,0.00007322428,0.000053638116,0.00018412828,0.0002474939,0.000056564328],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056664,0.00013010009,0.00027395284,0.0005419626,0.000084505686,0.000033956097,0.00022446633,0.00009504549,0.000052721392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012634009,0.00012556484,0.00008600766,0.0029290537,0.00022291072,0.00032340054,0.000027141241,0.00013528386,2.4983947e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007654022,0.000044755703,0.003063476,0.0001342101,0.0000447625,0.0000040548875,0.0001640574,0.8846278,0.10922652,0.0026369947,0.0000027086082,0.00004299793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008275155,0.000032524622,0.0021876998,0.00025879775,0.00007646315,0.000006682545,0.00007844777,0.28478146,0.7117847,0.0005642676,0.000015514273,0.00013067394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003305193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016016002,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6025582,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009326008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018349414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5120385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3205130039","doi":"10.1115/1.4052736","title":"Effect of Compliance on Residual Stresses in Manufacturing With Moving Heat Sources","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Compliance (psychology); Residual; Mechanics; Composite material; Structural engineering; Engineering; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.008537297338498484,"score_gpt":0.22509423797214778,"score_spread":0.2165569406336493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3205130039","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947524,0.0005423533,0.0034249169,0.000027496473,0.000089743706,0.00008781147,0.000003856549,0.00004478775,0.0010266139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99596405,0.0002907704,0.0036221582,0.000011454891,0.00007655726,0.0000028002632,9.375801e-7,0.00002711755,0.0000041662797],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991319,0.0000210543,0.00031086727,0.000097059914,0.00026577,0.00017332152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950254,0.00018153068,0.00009494552,0.00013737612,0.000035405803,0.000048202022],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002330682,0.00014927212,0.00035444708,0.00011640643,0.000025941588,0.000023283754,0.00015091857,0.00007531027,0.0000130555745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015835345,0.00010946355,0.000046028144,0.00011840101,0.000009871155,0.000046195106,0.000032708107,0.0003284189,6.2697785e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00079378154,0.0001040058,0.000119160846,0.0019053359,0.00019344353,0.00045630604,0.00028779468,0.8746555,0.10410579,0.0014236375,0.0003018297,0.015653402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004958027,0.00039942525,0.000074644224,0.0010302986,0.000028313212,0.00004146229,0.00009890991,0.0006429847,0.99633646,0.0005880759,0.00015147583,0.00011215111],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004297336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013406033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8922307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049446506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018700364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4463794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3207175175","doi":"10.3390/met11101659","title":"Experimental and Numerical Analysis on TIG Arc Welding of Stainless Steel Using RSM Approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cegep de Sept Iles","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Gas tungsten arc welding; Welding; Materials science; Heat-affected zone; Finite element method; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Arc welding; Structural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.030693089546074432,"score_gpt":0.27869628917392,"score_spread":0.24800319962784553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3207175175","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9429237,0.0020196803,0.0529301,0.0000092635055,0.000029203064,0.00005411843,0.000007865778,0.00008572589,0.0019403081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97614515,0.00002581645,0.023724101,0.0000087869275,0.000027767897,0.000005230562,0.000006012004,0.000015681951,0.00004143986],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936795,0.000031979922,0.00016719203,0.0001558302,0.00014116727,0.00013590271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997197,0.000034104596,0.000028164628,0.00015525028,0.000018190462,0.000044628825],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000086190084,0.00010741408,0.00029445795,0.00010622282,0.00003558872,0.000027694525,0.000060347615,0.0000509838,0.000045892262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012223228,0.00009478767,0.000092748705,0.00033276906,0.000023999144,0.00004358281,0.00005150208,0.0000744766,5.0346836e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012943487,0.00022149167,0.0017294728,0.00023859431,0.0014335288,0.00003127388,0.0005224494,0.40557262,0.587917,0.0008341357,0.00021370473,0.0012728141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008883056,0.000017449927,0.00046138163,0.0000205835,0.00015638485,0.0000048690986,0.0002668464,0.042497646,0.9560635,0.000025167967,0.00027708968,0.0001202324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022445083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.9381567e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36814657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027858076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000055499163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38653287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3207949567","doi":"10.1007/s40962-021-00701-9","title":"Evolution and Methods of Residual Stresses Measurement in Al-Si-Cu-Mg Castings: Role of Heat Treatment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Metalcasting","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Alloy; Quenching (fluorescence); Metallurgy; Composite material; Compression (physics); Ultimate tensile strength; Microstructure; Residual; Tension (geology); Structural material","score_opus":0.031498601360727706,"score_gpt":0.31749191313292785,"score_spread":0.28599331177220016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3207949567","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98012275,0.011291043,0.007533072,0.00012788454,0.00028959868,0.000050790706,0.000012845874,0.000016023194,0.0005559758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95768744,0.0006475491,0.041537162,0.0000041415738,0.00010416036,0.0000017054546,0.0000013946826,0.000012135851,0.0000042921592],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860823,0.000092424234,0.00063360785,0.00009231892,0.00046221633,0.00011120744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893194,0.00018180929,0.00020193901,0.0000689973,0.00057612796,0.000039193088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006285793,0.000113680595,0.00029807494,0.00023679847,0.000015729904,0.000020492693,0.00012648945,0.000043436532,0.000016089754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005128332,0.000097286116,0.00008425577,0.00012703403,0.00003147087,0.00012794367,0.00005400236,0.00011564647,8.927741e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000072988296,0.00018155684,0.010961541,0.00010648602,0.0006011069,0.00012832835,0.0005128007,0.086081274,0.8450257,0.00019917288,0.0000754445,0.05605357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007254037,0.00017802436,0.0103660235,0.001085738,0.000084253836,0.0003731811,0.00074971217,0.00832374,0.9766273,0.0008080805,0.0005580231,0.00012051217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018677532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007217344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13160157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019369081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006840107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39672127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209977645","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14652981.v1","title":"Mechanical Properties Of Laser Welded Dual-Phase Steel Joints","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Striation; Heat-affected zone; Softening; Brittleness; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Fracture (geology); Microstructure; Laser beam welding; Dual-phase steel; Metallurgy; Martensite","score_opus":0.03515998430571794,"score_gpt":0.25899660402375013,"score_spread":0.2238366197180322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3209977645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881321,0.0011229985,0.0030411165,0.00013208113,0.0006353277,0.00038243597,0.000035982976,0.0011006563,0.005417268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917249,0.0007045087,0.0067029833,0.000018763765,0.0001027468,0.0000546998,0.00002773651,0.000054286527,0.00060935935],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988486,0.000030036166,0.00040632358,0.00026987473,0.00023039641,0.0002147768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992791,0.00001711284,0.0000537753,0.00048809042,0.00008881157,0.000073145085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010297215,0.00026883377,0.0004710888,0.000077764606,0.000022441896,0.000061272585,0.00021133944,0.0003946229,0.00043567386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043042295,0.00020828038,0.00017046841,0.00007179686,0.000034345278,0.00004130964,0.0005709928,0.00046793482,0.000006216047],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014049845,0.0014329425,0.000043041142,0.015806759,0.0017277808,0.00044691743,0.0008821002,0.07551863,0.8311897,0.0011711848,0.063323945,0.008316518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022418084,0.00003780215,0.000014117665,0.0008131522,0.00004032582,0.0000066201046,0.00008209794,0.0023981328,0.99504817,0.00022453633,0.0008355993,0.00027524855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010860496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049373193,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1638585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003594436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045186778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84934276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210194922","doi":"10.1002/adem.202100786","title":"Residual Stress in Engineering Materials: A Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advanced Engineering Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":243,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Welding; Residual; Machining; Mechanical engineering; Forensic engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Metallurgy; Engineering","score_opus":0.01801799111059559,"score_gpt":0.28426490225213447,"score_spread":0.26624691114153887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3210194922","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00020792549,0.9938609,0.00027398096,0.000008563438,0.0021050088,0.0011595113,0.00065274927,0.0016817899,0.000049548045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000064111046,0.99264175,0.004501426,0.000011092167,0.000529914,0.00097154494,0.000760568,0.00047651067,0.000043063224],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99618256,0.000092343966,0.0017468741,0.000698141,0.0003192375,0.00096085755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984893,0.00021365992,0.00019730961,0.0008938075,0.000048348982,0.0001575389],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044116096,0.0012249901,0.004004406,0.00045797112,0.00003193362,0.0001749208,0.0006685011,0.0006041379,0.0003443588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027435436,0.0011884815,0.00026009174,0.00069805945,0.000018228253,0.00024364343,0.00023833918,0.0005307046,0.00004483647],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041585527,0.000063031584,2.252176e-7,0.80864215,0.00044919152,0.00077496696,0.000030092364,0.046545602,0.016638946,0.000309166,0.0028054954,0.12373698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014089858,0.000020253108,0.0000015515773,0.3138351,0.0002649914,0.0000943705,0.0000020461925,0.000011466034,0.03490197,0.0000042250613,0.64942884,0.0012942903],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018858016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021324624,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6466233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000324296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006555115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990565},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3212696325","doi":"","title":"A STUDY ON THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY OF CO_2 FLUX CORED WIRE","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CAE (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Flux (metallurgy); Arc welding; Materials science; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Electric resistance welding; Heat-affected zone; Welding power supply; Electrogas welding; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Filler metal; Engineering","score_opus":0.02067714156764843,"score_gpt":0.24258674094944963,"score_spread":0.2219095993818012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3212696325","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9515441,0.00007692041,0.0008543152,0.00015286429,0.0000681398,0.00024395669,0.0000010850366,0.00055161305,0.046507027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99887586,0.000013167433,0.00081670197,0.000013845084,0.0000071452932,0.00002258925,2.1143508e-7,0.000013364229,0.00023711265],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99959373,0.000014225117,0.00011557904,0.00007768722,0.00008056017,0.000118215976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967444,0.00005827863,0.000015197009,0.00022304358,0.000015992322,0.000013054781],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009195669,0.000080796395,0.00010775894,0.00007113696,0.000041733398,0.000007676667,0.00013969684,0.000059938764,0.00012059973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050555696,0.000047862533,0.000022398399,0.00022174737,0.000032749253,0.000012725902,0.000018543053,0.000114422386,0.000008097701],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052284355,0.0018462787,0.111766554,0.00029486624,0.0010419515,0.00019922113,0.0029180292,0.030521719,0.094827674,0.5318619,0.20796914,0.016700398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022031968,0.00033229642,0.0012239005,0.00005210955,0.00001530909,0.00000820322,0.0027961568,0.00009236771,0.9843416,0.0023227974,0.008438454,0.00015645653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008618795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000074650507,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88951397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011539717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003867831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19517775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3213357889","doi":"10.5937/zzk2102083k","title":"Residual stress management: Recent advances in engineering methods for non-destructive measurement and beneficial redistribution of residual stresses","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zavarivanje i zavarene konstrukcije","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Integrity Testing Laboratory (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Residual; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Algorithm","score_opus":0.014503188386298606,"score_gpt":0.2799048647917095,"score_spread":0.2654016764054109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3213357889","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34598348,0.06841621,0.5677959,0.00048629058,0.0028528334,0.003184414,0.002420438,0.0013278632,0.007532618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8011351,0.017526824,0.18067376,0.000006524122,0.00023747164,0.000094160736,0.00022587534,0.00009177638,0.00000848923],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99791616,0.00007203734,0.00064897456,0.0004932521,0.00036734663,0.0005022165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989493,0.00019543848,0.00011981855,0.00036703135,0.00026168002,0.00010675914],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004617125,0.00036601312,0.00051934324,0.00025473553,0.00008949559,0.00005802382,0.00023502734,0.00020513721,0.00001696534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026774645,0.00039223282,0.00007188723,0.00049267,0.00008141639,0.00024636218,0.00017607932,0.00024527422,3.533926e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005313677,0.0005809306,0.0039973166,0.010552155,0.000930453,0.00018395297,0.0010654647,0.09787986,0.079039976,0.0246113,0.0015472561,0.77908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015182731,0.0001871312,0.009147777,0.001609058,0.0001738969,0.000032124215,0.0008344337,0.0032427916,0.96949565,0.0064015957,0.006592275,0.0007649983],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022213868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011096644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89045566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019072904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006412887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985296},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3215637088","doi":"10.18280/rcma.310501","title":"An Overview of TIG Welding of Ti6Al4V: Recent Developments","year":2021,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Titanium alloy; Metallurgy; Engineering; Materials science; Arc welding; Alloy","score_opus":0.16078082477450917,"score_gpt":0.3516309171344921,"score_spread":0.19085009235998296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3215637088","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5303461,0.35262093,0.09932642,0.0007948632,0.0020503746,0.00072410394,0.00035173655,0.00054837065,0.01323713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15401186,0.19387883,0.6508113,0.000042371892,0.00015470304,0.00001771135,0.00011472474,0.0001245328,0.0008439707],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977372,0.00022394455,0.0008748085,0.00039221472,0.00026217167,0.0005096592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982779,0.00023942874,0.00025486396,0.0005773069,0.00045850815,0.00019198062],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035510122,0.00038998088,0.0007930501,0.00015397317,0.00011074796,0.00007782325,0.00040130323,0.00025563905,0.00063074025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012209784,0.0004018359,0.00018660854,0.0005823991,0.00022699921,0.00031430225,0.00021718143,0.0002964983,0.000021992437],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010115211,0.0015505304,0.018408382,0.047874484,0.0011568496,0.00053777616,0.0041047973,0.4314418,0.23627648,0.02735513,0.0026505531,0.22854204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047557644,0.00025864184,0.009670492,0.013420096,0.00020994928,0.00023955532,0.00012736324,0.0059984964,0.8880624,0.005567989,0.07527808,0.0006913484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019767226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013198574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6517859,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021952183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012190492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984336},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W35821011","doi":"10.1016/j.bjps.2022.05.002","title":"Usage of the contour method in measuring residual stress in welding and peen-welding applications","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Materials science; Peening; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.016832364688325007,"score_gpt":0.26705920510061604,"score_spread":0.25022684041229104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W35821011","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8745955,0.00078443036,0.111378126,0.00010529979,0.000054448876,0.00046275754,0.0000066561147,0.0001877808,0.012424999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97663677,0.00010792677,0.023127351,0.000008499209,0.000038065828,0.00002067112,5.39085e-7,0.000016228429,0.000043944077],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991538,0.00003353416,0.00030392592,0.00014125553,0.00013802899,0.00022944997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949646,0.00024123589,0.000034708148,0.00017654875,0.000016836442,0.000034232777],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081555184,0.00010742401,0.00016536174,0.00015561895,0.0000421377,0.000018516916,0.00017743642,0.00008866075,0.000010147901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004392907,0.00008167241,0.000025215977,0.00030846585,0.000028838285,0.00007024961,0.000083725536,0.00021111507,2.2585452e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004919321,0.00020098608,0.5852735,0.0013065283,0.00008947897,0.000038192396,0.0027425794,0.16155371,0.14927715,0.010130657,0.00055043685,0.08878759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028429372,0.000009829967,0.103880666,0.0002991699,0.000007847667,0.00000511689,0.00061553955,0.00096087623,0.89247173,0.0008200427,0.00046422318,0.00018066182],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005959925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002370524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7431946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048501013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000068818886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33305043},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205296749","doi":"10.18280/rcma.310606","title":"Process Parameters Optimization for GMA Welding of AISI 1008 Steel Joints for Optimal Tensile Strength","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Johannesburg","keywords":"Welding; Taguchi methods; Ultimate tensile strength; Gas metal arc welding; Materials science; Volumetric flow rate; Voltage; Composite material; Process variable; Structural engineering; Arc welding; Process (computing); Computer science; Engineering; Mechanics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.05418776832219905,"score_gpt":0.29164190617931746,"score_spread":0.2374541378571184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205296749","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30394474,0.00091311417,0.6933927,0.00006201753,0.00017279082,0.0006291899,0.00016799019,0.00036900362,0.00034845984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.32770842,0.0004610477,0.6713128,0.00001802762,0.000063030864,0.00013861744,0.00015162156,0.00007487575,0.00007157888],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987965,0.000027850227,0.00041856346,0.0002893464,0.00011540472,0.00035229442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987906,0.0003873857,0.00011371556,0.00025030266,0.00037493507,0.00008304565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014417902,0.0002471933,0.0004279147,0.00010853003,0.00013784585,0.00008863759,0.00018600392,0.00012905749,0.000018392448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021045936,0.0002339904,0.00017147478,0.00019930565,0.00008086166,0.00020666883,0.00004923874,0.00010764636,6.873882e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049399227,0.00006732507,0.00022224525,0.003098139,0.00010186999,0.0000066605344,0.00026517193,0.9823687,0.011147218,0.00020898454,0.00051574473,0.0019485144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004454581,0.00015812737,0.00008321147,0.00080911134,0.00007582452,0.000041066935,0.0001052878,0.48305446,0.513785,0.0005073699,0.00066052744,0.00027451894],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000046912187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008202343,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5026378,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006359439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030900657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9541852},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205642705","doi":"10.1007/s00170-021-08312-8","title":"The analysis of asymmetry characteristics during the fiber laser welding of dissimilar materials by numerical simulation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Weld pool; Alloy; Heat-affected zone; Electric resistance welding; Metallurgy; Homogeneity (statistics); Composite material; Arc welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Computer science","score_opus":0.003934623144880132,"score_gpt":0.2365647813689617,"score_spread":0.23263015822408156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205642705","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99669325,0.00023757503,0.0014464507,0.0010439728,0.0003557542,0.0000723983,0.00007663349,0.00004893703,0.000025000663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991446,0.00033151536,0.0003905203,0.0000132608675,0.000049913884,0.000007826386,0.0000053189297,0.000015690748,0.000041342777],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881786,0.000040161725,0.00055158505,0.00007492471,0.0003804952,0.00013494457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99880683,0.0003494847,0.0005175563,0.00022186236,0.00009009232,0.000014181233],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031506797,0.00010755722,0.00025405933,0.0002672522,0.00016963804,0.000022889435,0.0010138599,0.00004647915,0.00010512062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001011352,0.000060174814,0.00011653495,0.00024023352,0.00009350635,0.00006448426,0.00027330779,0.00032628456,2.641381e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000119534554,0.000024267592,0.00020103688,0.000012427089,0.0009292041,0.000007768287,0.000055502544,0.95156693,0.041188568,0.000053222146,0.00014395622,0.0056975675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001435263,0.00003950811,0.0033090494,0.000023092945,0.00012912868,0.000023316907,0.00015637928,0.0009996156,0.98798686,0.0008099938,0.0063087447,0.000070790746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006163201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.627034e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9505673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000100718185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000079747615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24538577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205843111","doi":"10.1109/tii.2021.3134250","title":"Development of an Explainable Fault Diagnosis Framework Based on Sensor Data Imagification: A Case Study of the Robotic Spot-Welding Process","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Interpretability; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Fault (geology); Data mining; Machine learning; Process (computing); Convolutional neural network; Field (mathematics); Fault detection and isolation; Inference; Pattern recognition (psychology)","score_opus":0.0951140719468133,"score_gpt":0.3104665422492357,"score_spread":0.21535247030242238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205843111","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8439781,0.0000040482287,0.15491313,0.000034741533,0.0003509286,0.00048730013,0.000060367853,0.00010235423,0.00006903933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98164445,0.000008127324,0.018182693,0.000015001211,0.000032757063,0.000083508785,0.000009429231,0.00001816222,0.00000589663],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998702,0.000042551714,0.0006640986,0.000110508576,0.00032386396,0.00015698203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869716,0.00022068762,0.00014108622,0.000770012,0.00011612155,0.000054927033],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021029037,0.00015784465,0.00022423753,0.00010853609,0.00021431614,0.00004602853,0.00033716406,0.00016548637,0.000034393008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005425962,0.00012513233,0.00003740652,0.0005584349,0.000030394342,0.0002528397,0.0000057226607,0.00045419423,0.0000010039844],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018227518,0.00054489454,0.000039650764,0.00016170042,0.000055018852,0.000019293999,0.0037702555,0.9871271,0.000025230584,0.0000018095452,0.000070206894,0.00816656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011887765,0.0002801702,0.000021085334,0.0009550101,0.00019240851,0.00007666979,0.054149825,0.24365689,0.6987512,0.000014372552,0.00034056485,0.0003730341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000433252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043788386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74347025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063214975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014297306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5102748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206133144","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-9792-0_39","title":"Destructive Methods for Measuring Residual Stresses: Techniques and Opportunities","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Conference proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Reliability (semiconductor); Scope (computer science); Residual; Machining; Nondestructive testing; Computer science; Reliability engineering; Engineering; Structural engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Algorithm; Composite material","score_opus":0.09641441445361282,"score_gpt":0.2972387031794667,"score_spread":0.2008242887258539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206133144","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01688733,0.12555894,0.323578,0.0009411217,0.0052938894,0.037951432,0.004203491,0.009468134,0.47611764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.14197499,0.019874467,0.80985165,0.000088273926,0.00075763476,0.002448368,0.00005469808,0.000823944,0.024125993],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988459,0.0000024132205,0.00037444654,0.0003364176,0.0001634205,0.00027745485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990745,0.00007158102,0.00027586048,0.00014836667,0.0003564268,0.00007326536],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027167104,0.00045265636,0.0005071432,0.000049153772,0.00019804251,0.00007238525,0.00047472035,0.00050868466,0.000015874402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022732844,0.00037722895,0.0005613115,0.00001956721,0.00018098089,0.00016069919,0.00030907447,0.00026799552,6.650841e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006599385,0.000023569972,3.758819e-7,0.0022046198,0.0006656452,1.653443e-7,0.0029061656,8.808793e-7,0.10576468,0.8638274,0.004206901,0.020333579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015838978,0.00017667796,6.622596e-8,0.0008364598,0.0001649386,0.000008704936,0.0014972235,0.00019896796,0.81529766,0.17033531,0.010954451,0.0003711683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000044410494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.5934406e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.709533,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000105711944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046739962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210690855","doi":"10.1007/s00170-022-08783-3","title":"Overlap laser welding of 5052-H36 aluminum alloy: experimental investigation of process parameters and mechanical designs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Undercut; Laser beam welding; Composite material; Perpendicular; Electric resistance welding; Laser; Oscillation (cell signaling); Optics; Geometry","score_opus":0.014613095249657048,"score_gpt":0.2544250755639578,"score_spread":0.2398119803143008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210690855","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99777275,0.00029376068,0.0009800971,0.0005002439,0.00026667514,0.00009066228,0.0000067935275,0.00006839787,0.000020608182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99028635,0.00013052153,0.009505162,0.000022481116,0.000021732076,0.000012220247,0.0000011349447,0.00001636932,0.0000040213977],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990971,0.000020141599,0.00036952633,0.00008674082,0.00031699272,0.00010951148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943185,0.00008985574,0.0002862802,0.000105758256,0.00006164092,0.000024623247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017290094,0.000102087695,0.00018952423,0.00026285113,0.00004769339,0.000008275926,0.0005471279,0.00005315133,0.000019896699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004064094,0.00008214132,0.000051720064,0.000077603865,0.000113650414,0.00011245826,0.0001901759,0.00030394952,9.279641e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018812755,0.000051355302,0.00039006106,0.000047568265,0.00024067717,0.000030196865,0.00038476763,0.34243682,0.6527037,0.00066364143,0.00015211893,0.0027109843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030867374,0.00022749515,0.00011446212,0.00006832828,0.000014041889,0.00016570698,0.0009777265,0.00026496185,0.9853542,0.012284682,0.0001448009,0.0000749241],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006004734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011243818,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34217185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008642079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001737573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33496258},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214840571","doi":"10.1007/s11340-022-00834-w","title":"Simulation of Infinite Boundaries When Evaluating Hole-Drilling Calibration Data","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Finite element method; Calibration; Solid mechanics; Boundary (topology); Hole drilling method; Isotropy; Boundary value problem; Deep hole drilling; Computer science; Drilling; Mechanics; Geometry; Structural engineering; Mathematical analysis; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.07370254975859844,"score_gpt":0.3315957248056143,"score_spread":0.2578931750470158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214840571","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5556706,0.0038202652,0.4366391,0.000054503937,0.0014615112,0.00060317904,0.00030445866,0.00096208527,0.0004842887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888993,0.0000072333746,0.01076146,0.000018254148,0.000053968695,0.000025720892,0.00019612697,0.000027933744,0.000010020463],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991955,0.000038164486,0.00022144202,0.00014587355,0.00028266344,0.00011631726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995496,0.00005486597,0.000057723995,0.0002999984,0.000014876721,0.000022922926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019972754,0.0000949464,0.000110315,0.00005317457,0.00025070537,0.000057341338,0.00024826627,0.000032616506,0.00022834631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034370103,0.000104875,0.00002224632,0.00009575943,0.000013602754,0.0002095073,0.00036529047,0.00010964909,7.7610355e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010504855,0.000021921425,0.000004916678,0.00001871127,0.000014404056,8.2330354e-7,0.0008688003,0.9017737,0.095216244,0.0010854875,0.00032601462,0.0006584548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000094523944,0.00009491318,5.1584925e-7,0.000011618541,0.0000058576957,6.9159495e-7,0.00047089017,0.722971,0.2729368,0.000840632,0.0024865,0.000086042994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035126603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000201996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43322867,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000069131995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021031849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42766783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220769951","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1463115/v1","title":"Parametric study of cold wire tandem submerged arc welding of heavy gauge X70 linepipe steel","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Metallurgy; Submerged arc welding; Austenite; Bevel; Composite material; Vickers hardness test; Microstructure; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.07330347991079991,"score_gpt":0.368306079992737,"score_spread":0.2950026000819371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220769951","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99048555,0.0040028472,0.00009121683,0.00004785977,0.00030833576,0.0023162577,0.0002659519,0.00038597028,0.0020960087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957541,0.0026576964,0.00045688538,0.0000014835884,0.00014293172,0.00053547166,0.000055269757,0.00011569002,0.00028046517],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99524665,0.00053551263,0.00085800665,0.0005813503,0.002032595,0.00074586435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974071,0.00061359763,0.00018292954,0.0011582873,0.00045471423,0.00018339169],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020526852,0.0003792355,0.0009159536,0.0014568397,0.00020315163,0.00006944628,0.0011336352,0.0003694398,0.00035457272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005611155,0.000371169,0.00024097027,0.0020544142,0.00012144102,0.000058821606,0.0019399012,0.0026513175,0.0000027713163],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047526695,0.00554077,0.18333435,0.03000447,0.0019488768,0.00042783667,0.003833578,0.7108216,0.0085073095,0.0012796156,0.048449196,0.005377129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0062444927,0.013376088,0.20650966,0.011715554,0.0005489194,0.000016498374,0.02903665,0.020917444,0.65022945,0.0044275126,0.05192365,0.005054065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001788325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015837827,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68990415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035658365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016459356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220903900","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2053395","title":"Effect of beam wobbling on microstructure and hardness during laser welding of X70 pipeline steel","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Welding & Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Pipeline (software); Laser beam welding; Laser beams; Laser; Composite material; Optics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.003952223274951231,"score_gpt":0.2195630314989842,"score_spread":0.21561080822403297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220903900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99851435,0.00065439445,0.00009613556,0.000097182325,0.00014184513,0.00011482314,0.0000070047467,0.00017988712,0.00019436555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985274,0.00007901474,0.001348759,0.0000052207215,0.000011191885,0.000008029071,3.5905515e-7,0.000012771141,0.000007255605],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989722,0.000014897366,0.00026508278,0.00023830714,0.00025141597,0.0002581045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995312,0.00008119977,0.00011132044,0.00018566007,0.0000550289,0.000035565634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078183063,0.00013139132,0.00029011603,0.00071408995,0.00031439203,0.000013954536,0.00027128545,0.000074971875,0.00000841122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018244158,0.00011877026,0.000025926487,0.0010207483,0.00054806867,0.00011557703,0.000304791,0.00027672702,5.8093455e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003924164,0.000013060694,0.021796217,0.0003993534,0.000016344566,0.0000072900234,0.0002780803,0.012497501,0.95461804,0.0003036808,0.000030657317,0.010000527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003163463,0.00034501194,0.0017654292,0.0002136175,0.000013805076,0.00004169495,0.00044513,0.00050344237,0.99598324,0.00018753708,0.00007430026,0.00011046162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010159179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.3870135e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041365176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002744761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017622386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48433107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224020057","doi":"10.1520/stp163720200083","title":"Conventional versus Additive Manufacturing—Comparative Eddy Current Testing on Reference Blocks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics","score_opus":0.10818530012939946,"score_gpt":0.2951168370910382,"score_spread":0.18693153696163872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224020057","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00021678089,0.00044850507,0.00022485996,0.000011516337,0.0009551131,0.00027323232,0.00040226823,0.0008984592,0.9965693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3817722,0.004826783,0.011983753,0.00010287397,0.003325628,0.0007402509,0.0044351425,0.0006614803,0.5921519],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987821,0.000009048328,0.00026501287,0.000346018,0.00036593003,0.00023190808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992126,0.00035344285,0.00009102256,0.00021773648,0.000048431786,0.00007675561],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000046710968,0.0004025695,0.00032801,0.00014195293,0.0001404489,0.00003537849,0.00024014407,0.0001522971,0.010282519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011223739,0.00037432765,0.00010564451,0.000021121861,0.000051519928,0.000044137672,0.00014072726,0.0009993432,0.00011177938],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040076228,0.00017007175,0.0000029984487,0.00052426674,0.0012971914,0.00019956692,0.00016390631,0.045583334,0.00004620705,0.44282204,0.41916353,0.08962613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003325316,0.00031994403,0.000025344578,0.00039968206,0.000048852624,0.0000053633808,0.000013151167,0.00036511975,0.0055624954,0.0043682274,0.98789716,0.00066210073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019050141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014245482,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56873363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022639078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026253385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987084},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224046858","doi":"10.46814/lajdv4n2-021","title":"Processo MIG PV: efeito da proporção do eletrodo negativo na geometria do cordão de solda de alumínio","year":2022,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"Latin American Journal of Development","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Discovery Air (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Materials science; Nuclear chemistry; Humanities; Chemistry; Art","score_opus":0.01294233095116168,"score_gpt":0.2519400548050129,"score_spread":0.23899772385385123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224046858","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96888155,0.0031382341,0.024594381,0.00092417456,0.0007600146,0.0005249486,0.00003482658,0.00018682289,0.0009550417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8743997,0.00054647314,0.123872586,0.00015850841,0.00029444767,0.00005812554,0.000007271519,0.00012496067,0.0005379265],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956062,0.0002719706,0.0014377217,0.0003922134,0.0012329469,0.0010589561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973393,0.00023802188,0.0013600822,0.0003137727,0.00025539985,0.0004934142],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012297357,0.00054635777,0.0009532813,0.00070089905,0.0005180739,0.00023424024,0.0009237033,0.0001013945,0.00086350885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002814448,0.00051804585,0.00022963656,0.0018458994,0.00017045854,0.00015269135,0.00041548413,0.001448396,0.000009886028],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010062576,0.0013498013,0.16051215,0.0014359211,0.002778941,0.0017496737,0.031127118,0.12094754,0.0077086827,0.00024141419,0.048703954,0.62243855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007186206,0.011335929,0.16428287,0.005270316,0.0009019745,0.004023191,0.03908206,0.004255404,0.16049893,0.0013096347,0.5952692,0.0065843062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001480046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008751308,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61585426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017613932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016626389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972713},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224224321","doi":"10.2351/7.0000560","title":"Influence of low temperatures on mechanical behavior of laser welded dual phase steels","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Elongation; Composite material; Fracture (geology); Joint (building); Dual-phase steel; Tensile testing; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Martensite","score_opus":0.009713673067978795,"score_gpt":0.2734205846683697,"score_spread":0.26370691160039095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224224321","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989275,0.00006889365,0.00039330198,0.00009355713,0.000035595454,0.00021232713,0.00014813418,0.000035444533,0.00008526359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986478,0.000063963744,0.0010472247,0.000025993682,0.000056387013,0.00010686314,0.000005882509,0.000016498627,0.000029399207],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990641,0.000026222731,0.00044355198,0.000075241456,0.0002911145,0.00009979381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993539,0.00008031866,0.00019094163,0.00020029608,0.00011234191,0.00006223537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015496233,0.000091478796,0.00020633652,0.00012431068,0.00006701112,0.000008425973,0.00023651704,0.000043404616,0.00008686073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015283327,0.00007913675,0.000096728334,0.00023016734,0.000030228168,0.000058415568,0.00004659151,0.00032074505,0.0000010672635],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001665969,0.0017665442,0.0002868538,0.00016317704,0.000120880104,0.000041231873,0.00012529017,0.5878603,0.39826044,0.0010461134,0.009217306,0.0009452598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005548274,0.00041781762,0.00095492695,0.000052891144,0.0000626092,0.000051202933,0.00006471088,0.00007658605,0.99175805,0.00028994266,0.005616961,0.00009947335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000043739346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016857749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5934976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003720686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003290622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32271028},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224248961","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.04.022","title":"The effect of laser impingement angle on the optimization of melt pool geometry to improve process stability during high-speed laser welding of thin-gauge automotive steels","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Undercut; Keyhole; Mechanical engineering; Laser power scaling; Laser; Consumables; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.006565637862720485,"score_gpt":0.2235164888020088,"score_spread":0.21695085093928831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224248961","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981918,0.00023897112,0.00043102444,0.00022012302,0.00022394763,0.00051866693,0.000051277282,0.00005409156,0.000070106886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99946153,0.00011549518,0.00026472306,0.000010600943,0.000066689434,0.000027407668,0.0000015716194,0.000035690893,0.000016285123],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980258,0.00011931467,0.0007310467,0.0001631133,0.000706738,0.0002540218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99794155,0.00076336117,0.0006811346,0.00026610933,0.00029004374,0.000057784007],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011666934,0.00022617102,0.00043974002,0.00021549218,0.0002415873,0.000038005186,0.00058358145,0.00005452321,0.00007403269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005383989,0.00013120091,0.00012265172,0.0003633155,0.000056815672,0.000169377,0.0001853147,0.00040635635,1.8314509e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037420253,0.000070977,0.00025069184,0.0022495007,0.00017218996,0.0000038816656,0.00064207066,0.994318,0.0015720295,0.0000013309244,0.00009141242,0.00025373118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040666823,0.0010017487,0.0011967995,0.0003548404,0.00007040515,0.0000061288247,0.0005938321,0.00017477895,0.9959307,0.00008730439,0.00004740153,0.0001294199],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024521663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000041403055,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99435866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013971888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052833137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5350218},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224452860","doi":"10.1007/s11340-022-00849-3","title":"Interlaboratory Reproducibility of Contour Method Data in a High Strength Aluminum Alloy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Reproducibility; Standard deviation; Residual stress; Materials science; Residual; Mathematics; Statistics; Composite material; Algorithm","score_opus":0.02792831791352555,"score_gpt":0.3035136913484583,"score_spread":0.2755853734349327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224452860","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878762,0.003487226,0.0057559554,0.00005612654,0.001048151,0.0005001333,0.0005610944,0.0004517195,0.0002634096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97741807,0.000026489448,0.022313671,0.00002216595,0.000036882844,0.00006575926,0.00007065511,0.000030173416,0.000016137737],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998628,0.000116749514,0.00031741997,0.0005484173,0.00021386474,0.00017551081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982917,0.000040961724,0.000053237425,0.0015615665,0.000013958276,0.00003859601],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094280625,0.00013404226,0.00023591112,0.00007139399,0.00004005657,0.000009351512,0.0005877914,0.000044486398,0.00027659643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000068155045,0.00014318971,0.000028929648,0.00021362481,0.000011017245,0.00009770357,0.0008229196,0.00022622397,8.97588e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000101021695,0.00077780214,0.0001580155,0.00011888142,0.0000928144,0.000053069485,0.0016405232,0.0056627234,0.97428507,0.003956565,0.009285012,0.0038684888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028336552,0.00016549292,0.00002255682,0.00001860222,0.000005575616,0.0000047682597,0.001811566,0.011413064,0.983737,0.0003146348,0.0020591372,0.00016423158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032456373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030651892,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016557716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015843006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022365413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5839107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226242569","doi":"","title":"Quarterly Management Document – FY22, 1st Quarter, Multi-pass Hybrid Laser Arc Welding of Alloy 740H","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Alloy; Welding; Arc (geometry); Laser; Metallurgy; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Optics; Geography; Physics","score_opus":0.008425141229475413,"score_gpt":0.21445022738626296,"score_spread":0.20602508615678755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226242569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9353725,0.00047625773,0.026111363,0.00022734402,0.0010742309,0.0010088838,0.000586894,0.0005901791,0.034552347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99090356,0.00009902101,0.008153449,0.00002055889,0.000009655678,0.00013328837,0.0005413146,0.000012295823,0.0001268611],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981593,0.000026099968,0.0007799274,0.00019096538,0.00058252347,0.00026117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991699,0.00005754761,0.0002542611,0.00034759188,0.000081430204,0.000089288515],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041023362,0.000193624,0.00029727744,0.0003378264,0.00019509933,0.00006056,0.00035726666,0.000049359824,0.00013257198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008214243,0.00018427208,0.00011164188,0.0003477571,0.00020317921,0.0004300057,0.0001917386,0.00012285626,0.0000027619594],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011654217,0.0060504368,0.003779613,0.008314131,0.0023909514,0.00010906086,0.0004291725,0.40550905,0.03440883,0.1638785,0.2801972,0.093767636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00574612,0.003481832,0.034398668,0.0008306677,0.00049315015,0.00013076136,0.0007156182,0.0030499566,0.39121974,0.0029090762,0.5547992,0.0022252256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035313595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009733729,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40245908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006518208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001843396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75143975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231086736","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14645082.v1","title":"A hybrid neuro-wavelet approach to electric arc furnace modeling","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Electric arc furnace; Wavelet; Voltage; Current (fluid); Computer science; Process (computing); Arc (geometry); Electric arc; Wavelet transform; Algorithm; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Electrode; Electrical engineering; Metallurgy; Physics","score_opus":0.024277478045526327,"score_gpt":0.22596403416057545,"score_spread":0.20168655611504913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4231086736","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17117172,0.0010976932,0.79492086,0.00015347521,0.00028109382,0.00043381535,0.000008273762,0.0019467911,0.029986259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90518486,0.0009608161,0.092891134,0.00019534651,0.0002583768,0.00012736893,0.00005289844,0.00011587041,0.00021329874],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838597,0.000026566539,0.00032578013,0.0005442383,0.0002631061,0.00045435134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990942,0.000030036192,0.000026832158,0.00061316695,0.000071244074,0.000164517],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000109413646,0.00038946542,0.00042005826,0.00022693614,0.00004955295,0.00023313522,0.00047840527,0.000207472,0.0000349414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043837543,0.0003710467,0.00016688509,0.00021320899,0.0000054290927,0.000041118637,0.0005681387,0.0009523528,0.0000094028655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025031673,0.00003186351,0.000002694188,0.00035459342,0.00005154499,0.000028325756,0.00005111788,0.9852661,0.0014134884,0.000082618375,0.010989782,0.0017253556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054074117,0.000016423854,0.0000079885285,0.00013435674,0.000028572851,0.000046911315,0.000019800511,0.9579744,0.039047748,0.0005926466,0.00153887,0.00053825456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017540764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004423482,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73401314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009610845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049484977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231312736","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-06989-0_12","title":"Residual Stress Measurements in Finite-Thickness Materials by Hole-Drilling","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Conference proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Drilling; Finite element method; Stress (linguistics); Structural engineering; Composite material; Geology; Engineering; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.03315307240021801,"score_gpt":0.24188687913412818,"score_spread":0.20873380673391018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4231312736","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49739087,0.07168034,0.068335555,0.002692841,0.027428217,0.04823414,0.020174665,0.009871028,0.25419235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883792,0.000690947,0.0033259464,0.00006398762,0.00023224647,0.0002518062,0.00008479032,0.00025056602,0.0067205266],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981274,0.0000034804507,0.0005997628,0.00040460267,0.00047954693,0.0003852168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913514,0.00004777395,0.0003326525,0.0001934662,0.00022486168,0.00006611408],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033771875,0.0005205572,0.000638827,0.000049088776,0.000125179,0.0001128062,0.00082525524,0.0006852771,0.00006042811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003658755,0.00044718856,0.0004466484,0.000046732257,0.00008833222,0.00009751324,0.00027842802,0.0003691468,0.0000017606592],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051059917,0.000055616823,0.000007739783,0.0019868605,0.00040277772,1.3357025e-7,0.0014902428,0.00022929272,0.93089896,0.04709538,0.01752398,0.00025795802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040039615,0.00010821906,2.5586078e-7,0.0019987815,0.00008757534,0.0000010353261,0.00041098866,0.0008785626,0.98453337,0.007904965,0.003169522,0.0005063096],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012851257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020243601,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4909883,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020212009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003228641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234080644","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14652981","title":"Mechanical Properties Of Laser Welded Dual-Phase Steel Joints","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Striation; Heat-affected zone; Softening; Brittleness; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Fracture (geology); Microstructure; Laser beam welding; Dual-phase steel; Metallurgy; Martensite","score_opus":0.03515998430571794,"score_gpt":0.25899660402375013,"score_spread":0.2238366197180322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4234080644","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881321,0.0011229985,0.0030411165,0.00013208113,0.0006353277,0.00038243597,0.000035982976,0.0011006563,0.005417268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917249,0.0007045087,0.0067029833,0.000018763765,0.0001027468,0.0000546998,0.00002773651,0.000054286527,0.00060935935],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988486,0.000030036166,0.00040632358,0.00026987473,0.00023039641,0.0002147768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992791,0.00001711284,0.0000537753,0.00048809042,0.00008881157,0.000073145085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010297215,0.00026883377,0.0004710888,0.000077764606,0.000022441896,0.000061272585,0.00021133944,0.0003946229,0.00043567386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043042295,0.00020828038,0.00017046841,0.00007179686,0.000034345278,0.00004130964,0.0005709928,0.00046793482,0.000006216047],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014049845,0.0014329425,0.000043041142,0.015806759,0.0017277808,0.00044691743,0.0008821002,0.07551863,0.8311897,0.0011711848,0.063323945,0.008316518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022418084,0.00003780215,0.000014117665,0.0008131522,0.00004032582,0.0000066201046,0.00008209794,0.0023981328,0.99504817,0.00022453633,0.0008355993,0.00027524855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010860496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049373193,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1638585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003594436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045186778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84934276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236036832","doi":"10.2464/jilm.58.251","title":"","year":2008,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Engineering ethics; Engineering","score_opus":0.02772846426262241,"score_gpt":0.24948374644656035,"score_spread":0.22175528218393795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236036832","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95255816,0.030593362,0.0069643217,0.0015783489,0.0061610206,0.0004646592,0.00003201482,0.000103945364,0.001544172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9216848,0.042461105,0.033720355,0.00005427675,0.0017992966,0.000005438758,0.0000018708034,0.00011127788,0.00016156225],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.98995864,0.00021245152,0.00624764,0.00045546851,0.0020127082,0.0011130944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9921908,0.0002379706,0.004203464,0.00096324604,0.0015086093,0.00089594786],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001875359,0.0011195482,0.003780024,0.0016936839,0.00051591115,0.00011674403,0.0021121777,0.00074393215,0.00008859744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00082182046,0.00091730396,0.002154392,0.001412427,0.00096185197,0.0036481179,0.00031404622,0.0016791046,0.000004608749],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016464931,0.0033108012,0.016062727,0.0047306367,0.012829276,0.0046650255,0.012099744,0.2533467,0.6646367,0.004265562,0.016524745,0.005881637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027364749,0.0024911927,0.009549629,0.003627758,0.0013097881,0.0095249135,0.00030130937,0.00010030405,0.9016623,0.00065688463,0.067011304,0.0010281589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017390263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024001936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2532464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002837578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00071117474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993278},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236090045","doi":"10.1088/0022-3727/35/11/306","title":"Modelling the effect of ferrite on an inductively coupled plasma torch: I. Infinite ferrite permeability","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Ferrite (magnet); Inductively coupled plasma; Plasma; Mechanics; Magnetic field; Electromagnetic coil; Permeability (electromagnetism); Materials science; Electromagnetic field; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Physics; Chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.0335275646474916,"score_gpt":0.23895244738642912,"score_spread":0.20542488273893753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236090045","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.979074,0.00006195313,0.01889852,0.000016871334,0.00015083198,0.0002517983,0.000017357983,0.00007860811,0.0014500478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982261,0.00009935019,0.00078047614,0.0000115974,0.0008094649,0.000010756722,0.000003145359,0.000054101125,0.0000049899027],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985954,0.00006256648,0.00045941462,0.0001590813,0.00046606903,0.00025744687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885076,0.0003158853,0.00029140993,0.00033788022,0.00010932869,0.000094719224],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031126043,0.00029817244,0.0005152612,0.000041699004,0.000113527894,0.00005049957,0.00040018375,0.00010661747,0.0000098571245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000096025715,0.00020205522,0.00021900788,0.00027066292,0.00011257725,0.00020590652,0.00003906484,0.0007576279,0.0000044392473],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008228742,0.0001291889,0.000049349605,0.00010785886,0.00011438606,0.0000021524745,0.0006210716,0.974959,0.013730614,0.002149806,0.0001379368,0.007916307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071613997,0.00070062646,0.00007213515,0.00012839418,0.00010730214,0.000005082965,0.000050826213,0.6930606,0.2958857,0.008805137,0.00018016653,0.0002879245],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000160973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.4209636e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2821551,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007775235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011111419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82395726},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239716610","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14645082","title":"A hybrid neuro-wavelet approach to electric arc furnace modeling","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Electric arc furnace; Wavelet; Voltage; Current (fluid); Computer science; Process (computing); Arc (geometry); Electric arc; Wavelet transform; Algorithm; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Electrode; Electrical engineering; Metallurgy; Physics","score_opus":0.024277478045526327,"score_gpt":0.22596403416057545,"score_spread":0.20168655611504913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4239716610","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17117172,0.0010976932,0.79492086,0.00015347521,0.00028109382,0.00043381535,0.000008273762,0.0019467911,0.029986259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90518486,0.0009608161,0.092891134,0.00019534651,0.0002583768,0.00012736893,0.00005289844,0.00011587041,0.00021329874],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838597,0.000026566539,0.00032578013,0.0005442383,0.0002631061,0.00045435134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990942,0.000030036192,0.000026832158,0.00061316695,0.000071244074,0.000164517],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000109413646,0.00038946542,0.00042005826,0.00022693614,0.00004955295,0.00023313522,0.00047840527,0.000207472,0.0000349414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043837543,0.0003710467,0.00016688509,0.00021320899,0.0000054290927,0.000041118637,0.0005681387,0.0009523528,0.0000094028655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025031673,0.00003186351,0.000002694188,0.00035459342,0.00005154499,0.000028325756,0.00005111788,0.9852661,0.0014134884,0.000082618375,0.010989782,0.0017253556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054074117,0.000016423854,0.0000079885285,0.00013435674,0.000028572851,0.000046911315,0.000019800511,0.9579744,0.039047748,0.0005926466,0.00153887,0.00053825456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017540764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004423482,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73401314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009610845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049484977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240227783","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-5491-5_200379","title":"Residual Stress","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Composite material","score_opus":0.033652908755989586,"score_gpt":0.23241051913510483,"score_spread":0.19875761037911524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4240227783","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000010145769,0.0028460098,0.00020663248,0.000036108282,0.0002458128,0.00010606812,0.000093761795,0.0016902897,0.99476516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0012697582,0.0010286546,0.0014337406,0.000014496775,0.00057880086,0.000005606013,0.000075722026,0.000135569,0.99545765],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927455,0.0000018399674,0.00017478428,0.00015686575,0.0002230434,0.00016891392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995282,0.000017846367,0.000022663806,0.00028780923,0.00004771887,0.000095737945],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004547293,0.00026171617,0.00023678041,0.00008378239,0.000020035111,0.0000314897,0.00020197022,0.00038683406,0.0014577021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000043390655,0.0002210718,0.00005765804,0.000009848881,0.000033037908,0.000031372278,0.00006593194,0.0002961191,0.00022052958],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000018601181,0.0000022885015,0.0000016144514,0.00009857167,0.000060065428,0.000039919116,0.000009942826,0.0011156466,0.0000065081604,0.060449865,0.935064,0.0031496896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054742806,0.000026944952,0.0000019611077,0.00018323601,0.000024759342,0.0000061012242,0.0000027196452,0.000030233681,0.0019662178,0.024440395,0.9729002,0.0003625013],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014952818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003731819,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037836157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056608224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018206503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994551},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240856607","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14647179","title":"Least Square-Support Vector Machine Based Modeling for Electric Arc Furnaces","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Electric arc furnace; Scrap; Arc (geometry); Support vector machine; Electric arc; Square (algebra); Kernel (algebra); Process (computing); Voltage; Current (fluid); Function (biology); Engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Electrode; Artificial intelligence; Metallurgy; Materials science; Mathematics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.023203937005267548,"score_gpt":0.25020472853335907,"score_spread":0.22700079152809152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4240856607","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.041370235,0.0037812125,0.9471097,0.00026653855,0.0006642178,0.0007411808,0.00010325027,0.0022098906,0.0037537909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96453583,0.0005280645,0.033748727,0.000055241064,0.00022229257,0.00024690275,0.00033443162,0.00011885667,0.00020963217],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99854577,0.000016683825,0.0003804118,0.00042052576,0.00021797458,0.00041863997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999259,0.00006503405,0.000051424257,0.0004310777,0.000109851186,0.00008362797],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015071925,0.00039428944,0.00045526854,0.00019035758,0.00007101618,0.00017419488,0.00034804855,0.000369387,0.00034547097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039598683,0.00035650542,0.00028587683,0.00014355432,0.00000877255,0.00004750667,0.00016100322,0.0005719881,0.0000035993671],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001350155,0.000037826612,0.000040370684,0.0014133882,0.000095938354,0.000013949909,0.000026819826,0.99014676,0.002142797,0.00004987097,0.0026995225,0.003319272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001675309,0.000049347465,0.00001648841,0.00022672767,0.00005917708,0.0000044843982,0.000014571633,0.9476641,0.049493287,0.00034195324,0.0014998522,0.00046248958],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002036995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007241035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9231656,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010923641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011110483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240886722","doi":"10.1115/1.2043200","title":"Introduction of the Element Interaction Technique for Welding Analysis and Simulation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Butt welding; Mechanical engineering; Fillet (mechanics); Electric resistance welding; Finite element method; Residual stress; Materials science; Structural engineering; Engineering drawing; Engineering; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.006671496396014401,"score_gpt":0.25943630652716904,"score_spread":0.25276481013115465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4240886722","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25790238,0.0014846143,0.73563,0.00413507,0.0002643205,0.00039335556,0.0000069797247,0.00013629999,0.000047012505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9821805,0.00019576409,0.017347528,0.0000034593895,0.0002375642,0.000011755583,6.16218e-7,0.000009183986,0.00001367401],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994021,0.000014069774,0.00033882988,0.00007104539,0.00008764323,0.00008629471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994271,0.000046439884,0.00024374186,0.00013559697,0.0001340457,0.000013099796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022334972,0.000075573036,0.00019709398,0.00047406033,0.000040165185,0.000010048172,0.000140446,0.00013764079,0.000012743812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008693291,0.000053395288,0.000083937026,0.00042465114,0.00003695096,0.00012457975,0.00003217709,0.00019764215,5.6629432e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022293436,0.00002822345,0.0010853193,0.000099552795,0.00050382456,2.229289e-7,0.000038875256,0.86408854,0.11879588,0.00031061325,0.001737547,0.013289091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012955267,0.00010751066,0.00052120705,0.000040039286,0.00051464315,0.000019592717,0.000045376415,0.021203483,0.8881392,0.0008985191,0.08831606,0.00006481514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000016914781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000045395545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8428851,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027076061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005368577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21773966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4241314621","doi":"10.22215/etd/2005-08056","title":"Welding and repair of single crystal Ni-based superalloys","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Superalloy; Welding; Metallurgy; Single crystal; Materials science; Crystallography; Chemistry; Alloy","score_opus":0.00878973054031833,"score_gpt":0.22199007886779817,"score_spread":0.21320034832747983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4241314621","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9265954,0.0015017072,0.00018607991,0.000012317778,0.00021823021,0.00015376702,0.000012678013,0.0012793323,0.070040524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875166,0.00025882327,0.008942204,0.00000929053,0.00010028879,0.0000111369645,0.00015507187,0.000059353868,0.0029472387],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934506,0.0000064929814,0.00023188043,0.00014795577,0.00012288598,0.00014570015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997249,0.000030272653,0.000032569795,0.00013850744,0.0000341937,0.000039512506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000045159326,0.00018476059,0.00023470992,0.00009844088,0.00005283909,0.000040931493,0.00007599224,0.0002429628,0.00013280982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013989758,0.00016867112,0.00007897607,0.00006792722,0.00001487678,0.000046803132,0.000008029916,0.00013351886,9.636783e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002480049,0.0005996547,0.006128668,0.021876596,0.00088569795,0.00008525926,0.0013193811,0.061447,0.7156456,0.0018252975,0.17139599,0.018542862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030819693,0.0001786372,0.0027604138,0.0009840652,0.0000922851,0.000003636135,0.00037640546,0.0026052974,0.9760856,0.00011797383,0.015796749,0.0006907229],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011655411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051529007,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26044002,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027506154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013162911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68782085},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242486726","doi":"10.22215/etd/2005-08000","title":"Computer modeling of weld joint microstructure and residual stresses","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Joint (building); Residual stress; Welding; Structural engineering; Engineering; Metallurgy; Materials science; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.010265264700660684,"score_gpt":0.22523321980833413,"score_spread":0.21496795510767344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4242486726","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786307,0.0058758464,0.0020729764,0.000034503373,0.0004867034,0.0002544897,0.00008408896,0.0006298726,0.011930804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97246736,0.002851507,0.02307658,0.0000123156115,0.0004212184,0.0000069645694,0.00042752054,0.00007623462,0.0006603006],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919385,0.000006552423,0.00031445082,0.00018686577,0.00013463869,0.00016367198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996764,0.000015951653,0.000050831564,0.00015802147,0.000055619206,0.000043142227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000030744493,0.0002502548,0.00032927154,0.00012368613,0.000035044028,0.00003967449,0.00010911266,0.00034787308,0.000071412454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000042534125,0.00021150259,0.000053144187,0.00005333107,0.000015320335,0.000050545088,0.000025390886,0.0002600209,0.0000012255642],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073418014,0.000054502594,0.0001178318,0.0073724804,0.00046875875,0.00002184364,0.0014591262,0.87050444,0.027540391,0.0010463048,0.059418622,0.031922273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061419036,0.00018558893,0.0027980907,0.0031176198,0.00024608345,0.00003361173,0.000983865,0.16785187,0.81717277,0.0016963484,0.0034988627,0.0018010965],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000077559904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031554402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7896324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014104445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013614601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86248255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242893208","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14655114.v1","title":"Dissimilar fiber laser welding between dual phase and high strength low alloy steels","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Waterloo; ArcelorMittal","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Metallurgy; Dual-phase steel; Alloy; Laser beam welding; Dual (grammatical number); Toughening; Composite material; Tension (geology); Automotive industry; Microstructure; Martensite; Toughness; Engineering","score_opus":0.01509736926694277,"score_gpt":0.25893633165059915,"score_spread":0.24383896238365638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4242893208","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923873,0.0008382231,0.0011850006,0.00024438978,0.00032862084,0.00028633556,0.0003655732,0.0012488414,0.0031157008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850399,0.0022754073,0.010357407,0.000031618136,0.0005628247,0.00004391763,0.00055382104,0.00011294747,0.0010221838],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842507,0.000035982517,0.00038421544,0.00051321625,0.00025066658,0.00039084547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990834,0.0001316451,0.00005804349,0.00048218117,0.00005163297,0.00019307947],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011678421,0.00047067058,0.0005683837,0.00010930551,0.00007984839,0.00029994984,0.00021740314,0.00052378234,0.001650236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029876343,0.0004197338,0.00011001262,0.00009950235,0.00004677153,0.000103755156,0.0007254795,0.0007569846,0.0000062591753],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009254185,0.00083167356,0.012004407,0.014018462,0.006182873,0.0025728839,0.0020444128,0.4807501,0.0030368904,0.00030139872,0.21132383,0.26684052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019922785,0.00017256598,0.004443264,0.0025211049,0.00058424094,0.000023840772,0.00025743482,0.0027614105,0.9177155,0.001183885,0.0652985,0.003045992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011397741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028951301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9146786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053765147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028074255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4243229321","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14655114","title":"Dissimilar fiber laser welding between dual phase and high strength low alloy steels","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Waterloo; ArcelorMittal","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Dual-phase steel; Alloy; Laser beam welding; Dual (grammatical number); Automotive industry; Composite material; Microstructure; Martensite; Engineering","score_opus":0.01509736926694277,"score_gpt":0.25893633165059915,"score_spread":0.24383896238365638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4243229321","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923873,0.0008382231,0.0011850006,0.00024438978,0.00032862084,0.00028633556,0.0003655732,0.0012488414,0.0031157008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850399,0.0022754073,0.010357407,0.000031618136,0.0005628247,0.00004391763,0.00055382104,0.00011294747,0.0010221838],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842507,0.000035982517,0.00038421544,0.00051321625,0.00025066658,0.00039084547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990834,0.0001316451,0.00005804349,0.00048218117,0.00005163297,0.00019307947],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011678421,0.00047067058,0.0005683837,0.00010930551,0.00007984839,0.00029994984,0.00021740314,0.00052378234,0.001650236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029876343,0.0004197338,0.00011001262,0.00009950235,0.00004677153,0.000103755156,0.0007254795,0.0007569846,0.0000062591753],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009254185,0.00083167356,0.012004407,0.014018462,0.006182873,0.0025728839,0.0020444128,0.4807501,0.0030368904,0.00030139872,0.21132383,0.26684052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019922785,0.00017256598,0.004443264,0.0025211049,0.00058424094,0.000023840772,0.00025743482,0.0027614105,0.9177155,0.001183885,0.0652985,0.003045992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011397741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028951301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9146786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053765147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028074255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246843445","doi":"10.22215/etd/2013-07368","title":"Experimental determination of residual stresses in roll expanded joints in CANDU® nuclear reactors","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Canadian Heritage; University of British Columbia; Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Nuclear engineering; Residual; Nuclear physics; Engineering; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.010318785154735631,"score_gpt":0.2530771997136377,"score_spread":0.24275841455890204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246843445","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9727995,0.00042529133,0.0000022591819,0.000003604938,0.00019287616,0.0003042833,0.0000101395535,0.00015952211,0.02610257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980674,0.00036205203,0.0006870988,0.0000023513448,0.000033663775,0.00005389519,0.00017550611,0.0000633979,0.0005546693],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998922,0.000023382037,0.00045409802,0.000198135,0.00019738717,0.00020501284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996433,0.0000374181,0.00008709021,0.00016392389,0.000030885345,0.000037381073],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005503822,0.00024033208,0.00035027688,0.0004111138,0.000014094523,0.000028563547,0.00016364134,0.00035807354,0.00033941626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026246713,0.00022664286,0.00004574631,0.00015560247,0.000014666502,0.00014861478,0.00001875772,0.00024190733,0.0000048730108],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050004607,0.0012857139,0.008521801,0.004588014,0.00014676679,0.0001606141,0.021058254,0.0013348772,0.9091309,0.0011878709,0.018969849,0.033115312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040026568,0.000078555546,0.016824609,0.0008079563,0.000008198326,0.0000013295177,0.0029262214,0.00036603824,0.9779167,0.000120379984,0.00019517947,0.00035455846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003422087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038082856,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.068785824,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012401803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021555163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92422277},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246961895","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-4226-4_48","title":"Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurement with Artifact Correction Using Full-Field DIC","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Conference proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Artifact (error); Residual stress; Residual; Field (mathematics); Drilling; Geology; Materials science; Computer science; Computer vision; Composite material; Metallurgy; Algorithm; Mathematics","score_opus":0.04228910179791423,"score_gpt":0.2390372157630362,"score_spread":0.19674811396512196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246961895","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41849467,0.08136959,0.28287923,0.00091488136,0.028480118,0.029848484,0.0013987648,0.008707802,0.14790648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928813,0.00046842181,0.00502522,0.000023480101,0.00035734082,0.00008085226,0.000008556689,0.00016501345,0.0009898393],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983416,0.0000016993187,0.0003671882,0.00031085554,0.0006034854,0.00037516005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989588,0.000025522546,0.00031795556,0.00016967725,0.00043987617,0.00008814078],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019848057,0.00047009462,0.00042685727,0.00004140398,0.00022928501,0.00008505274,0.00040726303,0.0004577822,0.00005079099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019823097,0.00036044413,0.00051119534,0.000048188624,0.000064377025,0.00017241485,0.00016375481,0.00044499547,8.547915e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002905406,0.00016520791,0.000020421774,0.0023313817,0.0017919306,4.251552e-7,0.0038709312,0.001789604,0.9253586,0.050368365,0.010328076,0.00368454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002531667,0.00033946594,4.28125e-7,0.0018970695,0.00029846418,0.0000073685883,0.001384262,0.0092102215,0.98277587,0.0015316574,0.0017916637,0.00051037606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013054856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003692829,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5743866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004595192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055442164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249008807","doi":"10.22215/etd/2006-06659","title":"Simulation on the welding process of low-alloy steel by finite element method","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Process (computing); Welding; Engineering; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Structural engineering; Materials science; Operating system","score_opus":0.01122674049852594,"score_gpt":0.29446191824484286,"score_spread":0.2832351777463169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4249008807","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.727061,0.0012694441,0.1127749,0.00018122021,0.0010360281,0.002821189,0.00022533565,0.002196774,0.15243411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99300027,0.00005425454,0.0024944844,0.000022116534,0.00007005514,0.000071696784,0.00047586428,0.000066339984,0.0037449067],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999034,0.000024077372,0.0003341313,0.00016577808,0.00027993572,0.00016209196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991836,0.00042791298,0.0001134547,0.00018167151,0.00007383375,0.000019559715],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015748476,0.00022794315,0.00021926031,0.00008615999,0.00005572188,0.00002982589,0.00019179392,0.00021069885,0.00013855813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004780741,0.00015341352,0.00007567239,0.000140624,0.0000062150975,0.000026503905,0.000007205012,0.0002200001,0.000002920713],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010551463,0.000024800633,0.000010479789,0.0005920712,0.00003668677,3.9314756e-7,0.0001120799,0.9911576,0.0015934007,0.00015762344,0.004993125,0.0013111983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011408492,0.00006434893,0.0001265136,0.0006723164,0.00004858229,7.2880624e-8,0.00030358392,0.21325465,0.7809902,0.0005101681,0.0035803455,0.0003351676],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006496272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045784058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7793968,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003458004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009852985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6256022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250141111","doi":"10.1177/0014485105059553","title":"Full-field Calculation of Hole Drilling Residual Stresses from Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry Data","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Hole drilling method; Electronic speckle pattern interferometry; Residual stress; Solid mechanics; Trigonometry; Speckle pattern; Interferometry; Residual; Stability (learning theory); Field (mathematics); Noise (video); SIGNAL (programming language); Drilling; Optics; Materials science; Computer science; Geometry; Physics; Algorithm; Mathematics","score_opus":0.01973088453448562,"score_gpt":0.27219518855999864,"score_spread":0.252464304025513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4250141111","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9141835,0.0046183085,0.08002526,0.00006355022,0.0002636913,0.00014673673,0.00010630951,0.00033056564,0.00026206512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954502,0.00023269202,0.0037267527,0.000028621798,0.00032358532,0.0000076053257,0.00017765551,0.000041646308,0.0000112220705],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989788,0.000017264536,0.00028319258,0.0002537319,0.00020641445,0.00026061537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993221,0.00005456782,0.000055676705,0.0005032456,0.0000153372,0.00004907502],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006555493,0.00017291203,0.00019021127,0.00007725036,0.00003615823,0.000032415264,0.00042398306,0.000118155236,0.00028157426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016511553,0.00017403686,0.000037466707,0.00010748565,0.0000091609545,0.00021384309,0.00023919152,0.00017721737,0.000012598852],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046601035,0.00018521005,0.00005132032,0.000036103647,0.00011055172,0.000004693616,0.00040080992,0.006244581,0.9755017,0.00036624682,0.004650002,0.012402151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017499513,0.00024011145,0.000009790153,0.000081941,0.000013345435,0.0000018499994,0.00023801114,0.03324154,0.96427304,0.00014567033,0.0013973466,0.00018234557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014510861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001086525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08126671,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000101661084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009391528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7097017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4252472946","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-9792-0_35","title":"Incremental Computation Technique for Residual Stress Calculations Using the Integral Method","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Conference proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Residual; Hole drilling method; Deformation (meteorology); Computation; Matrix (chemical analysis); Surface (topology); Materials science; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Structural engineering; Algorithm; Geometry; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.05980924409902337,"score_gpt":0.3059099958510604,"score_spread":0.246100751752037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4252472946","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0018230946,0.0011973039,0.97705007,0.000115044284,0.00075298175,0.0073873815,0.0011194326,0.00047659286,0.0100780735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.52219456,0.00019083734,0.47231472,0.00006367316,0.0003836816,0.0011958804,0.00010522853,0.00032277906,0.003228625],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987881,0.0000032961675,0.00042948945,0.0002841016,0.00024129917,0.00025369393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911964,0.00006854651,0.0003108546,0.00013719716,0.00032085675,0.000042916894],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027634928,0.0003814724,0.0003598827,0.000037546713,0.0003331692,0.00006759612,0.00059097086,0.00043525788,0.000021302862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001734455,0.00026866156,0.0007947206,0.00004372364,0.00010679965,0.00009350623,0.00025005572,0.0003365527,1.8256581e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005313759,0.000056784706,0.0000015962049,0.000921955,0.00069675443,6.436953e-8,0.0030680439,0.00038478425,0.43677923,0.54948103,0.007880633,0.0006759957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020694373,0.00014246028,2.4702018e-7,0.0006397815,0.00023510943,0.0000061049354,0.0016101081,0.021127695,0.89336455,0.08135463,0.000975492,0.0003368848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029530642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002759884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5203715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022415369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049983282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255733196","doi":"10.1016/s0021-8502(00)90681-5","title":"Characterization of particles generated by thermal plasma welding of galvanized steels","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Galvanization; Metallurgy; Welding; Materials science; Plasma; Thermal; Characterization (materials science); Composite material; Nanotechnology; Physics; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.008363626782955526,"score_gpt":0.21513418258715106,"score_spread":0.20677055580419554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4255733196","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990663,0.00007103472,0.0004943512,0.000035432815,0.00007761307,0.000039696635,0.0000058785026,0.000021746791,0.00018797157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99831784,0.00025116076,0.0013646393,0.0000055401233,0.000033995846,4.6814097e-7,4.3026932e-7,0.000006638703,0.000019312656],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991563,0.0000137744655,0.00035159363,0.000056865465,0.0002825,0.00013899367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999582,0.000018820201,0.00015791024,0.00007508973,0.00011109049,0.000055101347],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027296098,0.000064313324,0.00015720764,0.000055912253,0.000042921427,0.0000260832,0.00023742614,0.000032034575,0.00011125516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022977067,0.000048528003,0.00003608263,0.00032967734,0.00012098283,0.00031439934,0.000012527742,0.00007382202,8.190025e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014666875,0.000019648995,0.00017814377,0.000013101794,0.0000063538714,0.0000012312759,0.00010094975,0.017452717,0.9798239,0.000002449926,0.000074771175,0.002312092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015945402,0.00008322567,0.0006414038,0.000078375204,0.0000069299067,0.000008844696,0.000010527789,0.0033099533,0.9955993,0.0000035904422,0.00004624343,0.00005209658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000047259937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.0344287e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015775481,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018876215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029470913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19789146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280619295","doi":"10.3390/qubs6020019","title":"A Survey of Process Monitoring Using Computer-Aided Inspection in Laser-Welded Blanks of Light Metals Based on the Digital Twins Concept","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quantum Beam Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Fixture; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Process (computing); Laser; Manufacturing engineering; Process engineering; Materials science; Engineering drawing; Engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.03570794848080913,"score_gpt":0.2777557335670315,"score_spread":0.24204778508622235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4280619295","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978142,0.000036444064,0.0014537572,0.000017468641,0.00023621722,0.00018350272,0.000033363245,0.00010125898,0.00012382833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997986,0.0000025006686,0.00014953165,0.0000041636154,0.000017129969,0.000015260159,0.0000020388843,0.000009722888,0.0000010601295],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891675,0.00003980894,0.00024301326,0.00017448867,0.00043869502,0.00018722615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945205,0.00017272928,0.00008599895,0.00019431935,0.000065597975,0.000029300238],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005637459,0.00009724362,0.0001692927,0.00019517858,0.00015156277,0.000042450512,0.00041320862,0.000022544315,0.000006492989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009464057,0.00007495072,0.00003109732,0.0013077627,0.00016388192,0.00015651753,0.00008368165,0.00015539766,1.9132575e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016965409,0.000104682265,0.014545383,0.000048637765,0.0000061173223,0.000003475184,0.00041347474,0.9630733,0.021385608,0.000072057905,0.000026662701,0.00030361893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011519494,0.00019025661,0.027038869,0.00009649138,0.0000031006286,0.0000016321893,0.00018820152,0.39757112,0.57463104,0.0000534587,0.000008070561,0.00010257526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031904646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009069081,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56550217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000088367204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007168339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3056402},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281398806","doi":"10.3390/met12050880","title":"Surface Residual Stress Analysis in GMAW and LBW of the Dissimilar TRIP-DP Steels Joint: An Experimental Approach","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Martensite; Base metal; Heat-affected zone; Composite material","score_opus":0.025341944335209084,"score_gpt":0.24924504390588395,"score_spread":0.22390309957067486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281398806","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99619746,0.0024638302,0.00016076116,0.00004067532,0.000043847995,0.0001940843,0.00010155038,0.00007520939,0.0007225747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998241,0.00003892137,0.0014997934,0.0000087316575,0.00001401103,0.000028415672,0.000018598674,0.000018603336,0.00013192506],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989943,0.0001539902,0.00025514644,0.00018434966,0.00025039542,0.00016181274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995758,0.000026702604,0.000048462935,0.00030242896,0.000007719868,0.000038863425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003063102,0.00012688045,0.00030893047,0.000111690315,0.00009021114,0.000024457018,0.000227687,0.000039325296,0.000102384736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008746645,0.00009434811,0.000088271634,0.0005246116,0.000048473095,0.00007941425,0.00018942759,0.00016241394,1.1271063e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018409459,0.00025245536,0.008866461,0.000080250764,0.00031649863,0.0000052281166,0.001641736,0.9577067,0.03008054,0.00017954769,0.0006601982,0.00019200527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036309572,0.00008955758,0.020387344,0.000015888816,0.00021574064,0.000004062458,0.002373709,0.018101942,0.95726985,0.0000755932,0.00082966866,0.00027354615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015244004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003445726,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9396047,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038664733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006481871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38474044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281763407","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1662554/v1","title":"Exploring computational techniques for simulating residual stresses for thin wall multi-joint hexagon configurations for a laser directed energy deposition process","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Deposition (geology); Materials science; Joint (building); Process (computing); Energy (signal processing); Residual; Laser; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Structural engineering; Composite material; Optics; Engineering; Algorithm; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.19725836466897373,"score_gpt":0.4002045457189148,"score_spread":0.20294618104994105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281763407","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07872946,0.0010059682,0.8964977,0.0005932888,0.00041251027,0.011070665,0.0064171995,0.005026541,0.00024667205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80882543,0.00031002887,0.14284118,0.000013656258,0.0005251228,0.039741606,0.007408928,0.00022604945,0.00010799944],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99710625,0.00015208224,0.00064290885,0.0006918918,0.00067608146,0.0007307905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99607974,0.0019768965,0.00014357638,0.00035138315,0.0013177993,0.00013059047],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008277544,0.0004052876,0.0004764917,0.00059431937,0.0009289642,0.00032596148,0.0004223475,0.0003070237,0.000024825222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006622124,0.0004227512,0.00025470948,0.00029822587,0.00006678729,0.0002354824,0.00028689593,0.000706112,2.6707127e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017946886,0.00018283742,0.00002835379,0.008494521,0.00016204853,0.0000037269347,0.0006453086,0.98018384,0.0014801171,0.0007578176,0.002528785,0.0053531476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069292245,0.0004821985,0.00016320034,0.002060714,0.000050853767,0.0000018521548,0.00069216394,0.7417482,0.23945159,0.0096812835,0.0043144226,0.00066056225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029818827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019061337,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7536565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042524646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002504666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281861971","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2022.143426","title":"Effect of heat input modes on microstructure, mechanical properties and porosity of laser welded NiTi-316L joints: A comparative study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Science and Engineering A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Nickel titanium; Porosity; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Shape-memory alloy","score_opus":0.0171914809972666,"score_gpt":0.23045585715810263,"score_spread":0.21326437616083602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281861971","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993938,0.00007611786,0.00002681459,0.000005992491,0.00010806611,0.00025889967,0.000032051023,0.00008272822,0.000015528174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997727,0.000014147893,0.0001531336,0.0000031251275,0.000010457758,0.000035161047,8.786462e-7,0.000008635869,0.0000017549409],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930936,0.00003225788,0.00016265195,0.00014831586,0.00020423128,0.0001431574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997821,0.000031599255,0.00001897365,0.000107197025,0.00002411795,0.00003603186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047529186,0.00012040039,0.000281949,0.00010212067,0.00009782214,0.000037361828,0.00012115225,0.00002112875,0.000009164946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029285568,0.000089357396,0.000011786004,0.00015000394,0.000092367714,0.00006970816,0.0001512185,0.00007017855,1.0899668e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000490922,0.00002055113,0.000052262214,0.00020453341,0.0000098682785,0.00000173876,0.00040918612,0.03991373,0.9592721,0.0000201004,0.000016991076,0.000029875975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020786525,0.0008638419,0.0011900917,0.00006367843,0.000010736251,0.000008334499,0.00013551104,0.0029227785,0.994484,0.000010851438,0.000007577353,0.00009474917],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007161705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012083237,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03699095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024849302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008046843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3643889},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283161393","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111612","title":"A global thermo-mechanical model to mitigate welding residual stress and deformation in production of an aluminum bio-inspired AUV with a curved outside corner joint","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ocean Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Amirkabir University of Technology; Queen's University Belfast; Newcastle University","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Joint (building); Structural engineering; Deformation (meteorology); Aluminium; Friction stir welding; Finite element method; Materials science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Composite material","score_opus":0.012046243438232237,"score_gpt":0.20576853259177955,"score_spread":0.1937222891535473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283161393","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890724,0.00006782525,0.009940353,0.00006086926,0.000098830846,0.0003000251,0.000043481115,0.00037788373,0.000038324943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926021,0.000012848781,0.0072439327,0.0000065768313,0.000038596263,0.0000327587,0.000019795058,0.00003799873,0.0000054011994],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990212,0.000020122408,0.0002716124,0.00021954712,0.00021229607,0.00025526283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996554,0.000008482179,0.000038606937,0.00018717124,0.000023603934,0.000086683496],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020786471,0.00017740885,0.00020840445,0.00016030253,0.00005537309,0.000024929695,0.00011646954,0.000050597522,0.0000035731925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024984249,0.00016986068,0.000022793976,0.0003277904,0.0000134452785,0.0001834272,0.00009455531,0.00016419578,1.5422813e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030166702,0.000025438067,0.00053757406,0.0001396347,0.000016423293,0.0000085786005,0.00041890767,0.99221534,0.0059088203,0.00008845718,0.00005446223,0.00055622467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035812243,0.00022070178,0.0050794627,0.00026564472,0.0000186458,0.000041501404,0.00035267518,0.91196716,0.08121645,0.000097637574,0.000034226105,0.00034779636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000067451656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000067391484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08024818,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013620671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001608583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6926718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285169129","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.6.004","title":"Optimization of wire type and current welding on the strength of welding connection in two types of material testing via response surface methodology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Charpy impact test; Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Electric resistance welding; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.036023776262010955,"score_gpt":0.2838964138545414,"score_spread":0.24787263759253045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285169129","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91976494,0.00022926366,0.07938034,0.000013366083,0.00041416,0.00010250221,0.000008503844,0.00007924916,0.000007672256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97845656,0.00006115132,0.021439858,9.739939e-7,0.000015535868,0.0000048269826,0.0000017399854,0.000018837025,5.025738e-7],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993792,0.0000950497,0.00023541525,0.00008611998,0.0000926844,0.00011151401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929154,0.00048766728,0.00006876484,0.00010109209,0.000036487447,0.00001442],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00072909135,0.00008575521,0.00017320045,0.00011379178,0.00003231281,0.000004182574,0.00008276327,0.000025979178,0.000017229457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040018556,0.00007989775,0.000015920814,0.0003599323,0.000007505553,0.000029477646,0.00006072475,0.00013641633,2.9764639e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060292616,0.000010060942,0.00003100784,0.00006924423,0.000009452913,5.297915e-7,0.000116508876,0.79503113,0.20281607,0.0014349566,0.0000019064304,0.00041884297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000931015,0.00011311424,0.000042005606,0.00007565985,0.0000071688896,0.0000038563076,0.00006930278,0.5497883,0.4496216,0.00010835458,0.000020656486,0.000056897654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003124592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010674315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24680552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044195807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010119248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32581356},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285559801","doi":"10.18280/psees.040103","title":"Analysis of the Effects of ZrO2 Nanoparticles on the Penetration in GMAW Process","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Solar Energy and Engineering Systems","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Penetration (warfare); Penetration depth; Welding; Coating; Composite material; Gas metal arc welding; Nozzle; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Mechanical engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.0059405689918876625,"score_gpt":0.19700960403537676,"score_spread":0.1910690350434891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285559801","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995124,0.004211754,0.00034771478,0.000053133168,0.00007679705,0.00010880325,0.0000016178712,0.000050524464,0.000025658705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99976474,0.00012123939,0.000020624188,0.000005784442,0.000016303991,0.000059640977,7.870362e-7,0.000010040902,8.466188e-7],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99948484,0.000027345139,0.00019595932,0.00008337259,0.000107087275,0.00010138883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997373,0.00009749625,0.000034159846,0.00010118071,0.00001161189,0.000018251132],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009746853,0.000084858555,0.00018458709,0.00007703523,0.000013429332,0.000013416328,0.00012113764,0.00005325776,4.294512e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004109383,0.00005217234,0.000032573505,0.0006099082,0.000025181991,0.000031556905,0.000017367292,0.00007385693,2.5734847e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000068360155,0.000019790808,0.03494665,0.0012470663,0.00012234412,0.000002473651,0.00065011584,0.9533342,0.006848026,0.0021263552,0.000012320176,0.0006838235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015227374,0.00006981103,0.03351198,0.0007614499,0.00007093819,6.928409e-7,0.000076797056,0.62017673,0.3448691,0.000019595855,0.00015502359,0.00013557212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003275872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018431236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3380211,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009312487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003345224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21275264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286897393","doi":"","title":"Quarterly Management Document – FY21, 4th Quarter, Multi-pass Hybrid Laser Arc Welding of Alloy 740H","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Alloy; Welding; Arc (geometry); Laser; Materials science; Metallurgy; Arc welding; Optics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; History; Physics","score_opus":0.008594417954606625,"score_gpt":0.2212742354550786,"score_spread":0.21267981750047196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4286897393","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01710987,0.003520931,0.041990682,0.0001434406,0.0021831868,0.001807103,0.0011746421,0.0012698107,0.9308003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9399863,0.00173368,0.03757527,0.000029515402,0.00006335626,0.0001828932,0.0036705118,0.00014212786,0.016616378],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978678,0.000023849398,0.00092323084,0.00028621993,0.0005872546,0.00031163424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987449,0.000049497616,0.00045077797,0.0005339829,0.0001023281,0.000118514945],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025932648,0.00035515314,0.0005715158,0.0005383169,0.00006820581,0.00009126732,0.00038341753,0.00021092704,0.0004218937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010699756,0.0003257108,0.00017643109,0.0003216826,0.0002885198,0.00023276891,0.00014123837,0.00014270336,0.000005404004],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000102477665,0.0010812604,0.00020779418,0.00909095,0.0014395607,0.0000448805,0.00003362187,0.0055504306,0.0019723536,0.017591905,0.9438537,0.01903111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013388038,0.00045061388,0.0016504154,0.002874604,0.00027375497,0.000025193769,0.000054854474,0.00013580758,0.049269214,0.0002510551,0.9427327,0.0009430115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000083806255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000061988896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9228764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048955433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002949197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289313292","doi":"10.1007/s00170-022-09698-9","title":"Effect of cold wire addition in tandem submerged arc welding on weld geometry and micro-hardness of heavy gauge X70 steel","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy; EVRAZ (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Welding; Metallurgy; Arc (geometry); Materials science; Gauge (firearms); Tandem; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.004617437733690397,"score_gpt":0.2294800845962014,"score_spread":0.224862646862511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4289313292","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980167,0.0005493968,0.00017468157,0.00050440035,0.0004648498,0.00013182501,0.000028517203,0.00005761427,0.00007199895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99873847,0.0005687214,0.00059006194,0.0000159924,0.00003690932,0.000015520129,0.0000027976089,0.000018179328,0.000013338063],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989953,0.00004163872,0.00040781553,0.00009970922,0.00031282313,0.00014270277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932635,0.00019082236,0.0002847957,0.00013172049,0.000046899386,0.000019409425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040372924,0.00012962337,0.00029017366,0.0006706276,0.00004811846,0.000007318756,0.00052847824,0.00007108504,0.000035434903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000079154015,0.000100497105,0.00006558442,0.00015340484,0.00007763674,0.00007375423,0.00017967491,0.00054082985,1.6572186e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011244706,0.00016648615,0.0034650706,0.0002551927,0.00040185766,0.00017848502,0.00015443367,0.27360913,0.6768659,0.0017624837,0.0010236482,0.04099288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068012613,0.0005345917,0.0015086762,0.00023628525,0.000013589345,0.00011695385,0.0001009267,0.00005775014,0.99340725,0.0016612713,0.0015977772,0.00008478528],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010735563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000058748637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3165414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015425171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010296417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4098153},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4290964032","doi":"10.1007/s11340-022-00879-x","title":"Why Is It So Challenging to Measure Residual Stresses ?","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; National Nuclear Security Administration; Henry Royce Institute; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Residual stress; Measure (data warehouse); Residual; Solid mechanics; Computer science; Stress (linguistics); Artificial intelligence; Materials science; Data mining; Algorithm","score_opus":0.0898711856178583,"score_gpt":0.3351425627805212,"score_spread":0.2452713771626629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4290964032","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000022299278,0.99429744,0.000790782,0.000109692955,0.0011096728,0.00089559826,0.00025910756,0.0009396217,0.001595863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00005234577,0.99682564,0.0011122923,0.00037262248,0.0003833465,0.0007408088,0.00010517713,0.0002938231,0.00011397256],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975221,0.000083027364,0.00057223457,0.00060181675,0.0006258745,0.00059491105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998925,0.00008695062,0.000097117874,0.0006539191,0.000017945693,0.00021911706],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016511942,0.0007607576,0.0011935709,0.00030051742,0.0003230126,0.00015470681,0.00082159915,0.0003575241,0.0028350449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025202366,0.0007312357,0.0003814978,0.0004115331,0.000013447125,0.000090653106,0.0005615113,0.0006883502,0.00008145918],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008810958,0.00016955458,1.5240081e-8,0.008770049,0.0005234222,0.00015096097,0.001543837,0.00047275986,0.00013715029,0.001195992,0.6012431,0.3857844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000070889255,0.00014089956,1.7844677e-9,0.0038338979,0.00011174214,0.000035872956,0.00059034675,0.00005039735,0.010156883,0.000038267382,0.98418576,0.00078506675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000042595235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008524574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3849993,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047349717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000618657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99951386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296950112","doi":"","title":"Quarterly Management Document – FY22, 3rd Quarter, Multi-pass Hybrid Laser Arc Welding of Alloy 740H","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Alloy; Arc (geometry); Welding; Laser; Metallurgy; Materials science; Optics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; History; Physics; Archaeology","score_opus":0.007639277901083148,"score_gpt":0.21573706899676465,"score_spread":0.2080977910956815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296950112","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016982552,0.001835667,0.01980631,0.00013969335,0.002057509,0.0021018428,0.0018518274,0.0015977519,0.9536269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95493436,0.0011892014,0.02377824,0.000036169808,0.00005375334,0.00034200872,0.0037834288,0.00016713045,0.015715694],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99778193,0.000027066273,0.0009145193,0.0002799803,0.00068245945,0.0003140131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874777,0.000053102514,0.00048890826,0.00053619134,0.000064225,0.00010981251],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032019633,0.00034963642,0.00052898563,0.0006668446,0.00010012152,0.00007319194,0.00048113868,0.00016162384,0.0009987261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000932325,0.0003258858,0.00016824887,0.0003350611,0.00028258434,0.00027221596,0.00019627479,0.0001737023,0.000007654547],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000962387,0.00071308535,0.00016946561,0.0037116478,0.00079499587,0.000020884745,0.00002590511,0.0058185165,0.0005299846,0.012317793,0.9646235,0.011177951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091619015,0.00042969975,0.00091703626,0.0006090801,0.00017611441,0.0000140200045,0.000047398713,0.000082722385,0.01005922,0.00020530286,0.9859442,0.00059898256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007803485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000039092964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9379518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073403135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024772804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306754698","doi":"","title":"Net Emission Coefficients for [82%Ar-18%CO2]-Fe Plasmas in Welding Arcs","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Plasma; Welding; Environmental science; Net (polyhedron); Materials science; Metallurgy; Mathematics; Physics; Nuclear physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.019322551208156506,"score_gpt":0.24784108921508005,"score_spread":0.22851853800692354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4306754698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6147303,0.0018104399,0.32938412,0.0019839949,0.0010997761,0.0016031779,0.0002308158,0.0016928541,0.047464516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9459638,0.0011204053,0.049950358,0.000025554906,0.00008093268,0.00019371012,0.0005086724,0.000119275275,0.0020372723],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971883,0.00070530834,0.0005969336,0.00065459346,0.0003356888,0.0005191401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996727,0.0008825722,0.0002171207,0.0013292121,0.00066876377,0.00017536004],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002480821,0.0004128263,0.0004397522,0.00029988182,0.00026941195,0.0002966056,0.0011528875,0.00051034836,0.00009405346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008840979,0.00042960278,0.00018446048,0.00033146195,0.00014017342,0.00008662317,0.0009230908,0.000655948,0.0000143377565],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041940287,0.005269665,0.037211735,0.0152013,0.0011101394,0.000103296385,0.040688604,0.18759835,0.06753853,0.035748605,0.37459838,0.23451199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009954594,0.000001995442,0.0014933133,0.009218038,0.000057329966,0.000008919896,0.0001129223,0.18038668,0.6805428,0.00465727,0.12135546,0.0011698118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036407757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044387035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61300427,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020658517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008433152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307706955","doi":"10.29391/2022.101.023","title":"Deposition Rate in GMAW of ER1100 and ER5183 Aluminum Alloys","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Deposition (geology); Metallurgy; Materials science; Aluminium; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Electrode; Welding; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Arc welding; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.007192007341860193,"score_gpt":0.20585310822690456,"score_spread":0.19866110088504435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307706955","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961878,0.0010181733,0.001347722,0.00013240454,0.0002674917,0.000050647915,0.0000038032385,0.00006368394,0.0009282558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979498,0.000472083,0.0014373703,0.00001819438,0.000077910765,0.000005422785,0.0000012500167,0.000014965503,0.000023026972],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994268,0.000046018627,0.00020130147,0.000064973,0.000116747855,0.00014419423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981236,0.00003450073,0.00004559568,0.000055659355,0.000011118321,0.000040749263],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032937963,0.0000712837,0.00011604013,0.00014144384,0.00011222236,0.000028807548,0.000095136464,0.000029452929,0.00009658755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011967784,0.00007027225,0.000029834977,0.00012089129,0.00001575059,0.00007355652,0.000055911853,0.0003331675,3.2665702e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000116213036,0.00017094029,0.039701294,0.0003680976,0.00017277774,0.0005454466,0.002268036,0.6325508,0.26993245,0.00082248147,0.027514795,0.025836715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034953663,0.0011352407,0.10256214,0.0010962009,0.00012311486,0.0040191445,0.002142146,0.042120885,0.79407793,0.01211903,0.035608266,0.0015005504],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026290338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008083234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59042984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058910788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008886632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2865619},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309544392","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1662554/v2","title":"Exploring computational techniques for simulating residual stresses for thin wall multi-joint hexagon configurations for a laser directed energy deposition process","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Residual stress; Deposition (geology); Process (computing); Materials science; Joint (building); Energy (signal processing); Laser; Residual; Computer science; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Optics; Geology; Engineering; Physics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.19725836466897373,"score_gpt":0.4002045457189148,"score_spread":0.20294618104994105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4309544392","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07872946,0.0010059682,0.8964977,0.0005932888,0.00041251027,0.011070665,0.0064171995,0.005026541,0.00024667205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80882543,0.00031002887,0.14284118,0.000013656258,0.0005251228,0.039741606,0.007408928,0.00022604945,0.00010799944],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99710625,0.00015208224,0.00064290885,0.0006918918,0.00067608146,0.0007307905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99607974,0.0019768965,0.00014357638,0.00035138315,0.0013177993,0.00013059047],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008277544,0.0004052876,0.0004764917,0.00059431937,0.0009289642,0.00032596148,0.0004223475,0.0003070237,0.000024825222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006622124,0.0004227512,0.00025470948,0.00029822587,0.00006678729,0.0002354824,0.00028689593,0.000706112,2.6707127e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017946886,0.00018283742,0.00002835379,0.008494521,0.00016204853,0.0000037269347,0.0006453086,0.98018384,0.0014801171,0.0007578176,0.002528785,0.0053531476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069292245,0.0004821985,0.00016320034,0.002060714,0.000050853767,0.0000018521548,0.00069216394,0.7417482,0.23945159,0.0096812835,0.0043144226,0.00066056225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029818827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019061337,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7536565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042524646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002504666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310397715","doi":"10.1007/s40194-022-01425-y","title":"Keyhole TIG welding of newly developed nickel-based superalloy VDM Alloy 780","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"GKN Aerospace Services; VINNOVA","keywords":"Materials science; Liquation; Metallurgy; Welding; Eutectic system; Gas tungsten arc welding; Superalloy; Heat-affected zone; Alloy; Laves phase; Arc welding; Intermetallic","score_opus":0.0185352994945412,"score_gpt":0.24141388488586144,"score_spread":0.22287858539132024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310397715","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787103,0.0008395348,0.0008407658,0.0014761441,0.00061464036,0.00044971454,0.000023289522,0.00063002156,0.01641562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946182,0.00003740186,0.004129248,0.00023924984,0.00007641014,0.00011833883,0.000015342139,0.000056745615,0.00070910103],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99845064,0.00012070142,0.00041119644,0.00022809359,0.0003784868,0.00041088255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918514,0.0002846947,0.000061835904,0.00040270807,0.000020638681,0.00004495946],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006753102,0.00022176564,0.00027712513,0.00034156474,0.00022246715,0.00004539175,0.000806077,0.00005163992,0.00037771228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004389572,0.00018810111,0.00010750837,0.00093858043,0.00004919163,0.00007372672,0.0001679077,0.00055128103,0.0000071260743],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039645158,0.0001086307,0.008182562,0.00020293283,0.000046250254,0.00006114196,0.000775142,0.93708104,0.009672113,0.0011484359,0.041816726,0.0008654004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020660183,0.00026041656,0.009114143,0.000642676,0.00008989722,0.00004209268,0.0014018076,0.023194967,0.4070952,0.0018066964,0.55272543,0.0015606813],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001976133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021293473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9138861,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013689561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040045747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7670541},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313133550","doi":"10.1115/ipc2022-87295","title":"Evaluation of Higher Strength E8010 Pipe Root Pass Welding","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring, and Maintenance; Materials and Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Operability; Weldability; Shielded metal arc welding; Arc welding; Electrogas welding; Electric resistance welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Gas metal arc welding; Engineering; Reliability engineering","score_opus":0.01904832494857278,"score_gpt":0.2567854274388251,"score_spread":0.23773710249025232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313133550","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954224,0.0018794844,0.0002579695,0.00008313456,0.0014961279,0.00022787914,0.00005825835,0.00015753822,0.00041716913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99673307,0.00065636274,0.0017558051,0.000007107563,0.00034934186,0.0001653234,0.000018654431,0.000030792704,0.0002835348],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878114,0.00010125932,0.0003517844,0.00021142677,0.000327859,0.00022650858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960387,0.000021377247,0.000060590333,0.00014458352,0.00011624376,0.000053334305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008824061,0.00016324942,0.0002488886,0.00009290804,0.00040025584,0.00014877868,0.00008336615,0.000057282607,0.00032281867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004681945,0.00015264096,0.00002431151,0.00009400154,0.000036461162,0.00017793437,0.00011736411,0.000117364805,7.710322e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008265881,0.00016755798,0.025562411,0.0007307938,0.00036105994,0.000019547071,0.0033220677,0.12516467,0.7875275,0.0026522297,0.0125422245,0.041867264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029310896,0.0006813452,0.09604006,0.00086401193,0.00050846086,0.000067721034,0.00306071,0.021269683,0.7946552,0.0012332147,0.07713115,0.0015573234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024316531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011884409,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10389499,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006939564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026208952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6224518},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313189146","doi":"10.1115/pvp2022-84987","title":"High Strength Heavy Wall HY-80 Flux Cored Arc Welding","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TD Bank Group","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Gas metal arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Arc welding; Shielded metal arc welding; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Electrogas welding; Electric resistance welding; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.010559268852545146,"score_gpt":0.21098564277541845,"score_spread":0.2004263739228733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313189146","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9575402,0.000533657,0.0024486675,0.00072324055,0.000872926,0.00027832258,0.00004998,0.003962994,0.033589993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99209464,0.00006564079,0.005472371,0.00009530601,0.000093102135,0.00005148594,0.000036229205,0.00004215506,0.0020490452],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991334,0.000019558558,0.0001793142,0.00016953457,0.00020956715,0.0002886365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962336,0.000050309733,0.000018864877,0.0002247672,0.000011956811,0.00007072554],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000090763155,0.00014788855,0.00015823709,0.00008340551,0.00018569318,0.000038850587,0.00024937926,0.000043587017,0.0032244178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009316751,0.00013683208,0.000059043232,0.00017851498,0.00001618553,0.000053846303,0.00015392393,0.0002622532,0.000020812855],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004478459,0.00016358896,0.0011171626,0.00017345615,0.0001678725,0.00013148392,0.00034152277,0.30571294,0.009090961,0.012247471,0.6545767,0.016232032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007871831,0.0003769376,0.0016547249,0.000058318863,0.0000434824,0.000054803957,0.0004465969,0.019939175,0.50371355,0.0047230017,0.46712267,0.0010795728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032382333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024164352,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49462256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000930045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009524577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99768674},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313495250","doi":"10.1007/978-981-19-7218-8_3","title":"Smart Laser Welding: A Strategic Roadmap Toward Sustainable Manufacturing in Industry 4.0","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Manufacturing engineering; Big data; Welding; Manufacturing; Process (computing); Advanced manufacturing; Industrial Revolution; Engineering; Sustainable development; Business; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Geography; Marketing; Data mining","score_opus":0.0359555394900586,"score_gpt":0.23348600896378194,"score_spread":0.19753046947372332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313495250","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006684651,0.00021623822,0.000036568184,0.00012617404,0.00026449014,0.00041170703,0.000015937057,0.0023897483,0.9898545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.19235572,0.00071642053,0.00019532713,0.000027373471,0.00021659126,0.00004201926,0.000036467776,0.00023575607,0.80617434],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998334,0.0000065068234,0.0004040926,0.0003772413,0.0002500548,0.00062810007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940073,0.00005080674,0.00005065115,0.00034348448,0.000027954507,0.00012636068],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014902564,0.0004998313,0.00046012556,0.0004627499,0.000049736507,0.00012758409,0.000323943,0.001450961,0.001017804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000066959888,0.00047043813,0.00012741971,0.000065192835,0.00003528416,0.00010409128,0.00019131096,0.0017016139,0.00014724789],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008679019,0.00012514416,0.00043377778,0.012370149,0.0011925717,0.015356043,0.00061249296,0.26030388,0.00007725518,0.42340404,0.28074,0.005297874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087637175,0.00021914343,0.00033334846,0.0028892076,0.00013167466,0.000058308582,0.0013466121,0.0006270836,0.061391223,0.32830125,0.59991413,0.0039116107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035574991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015104227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31917417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023407527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004873407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313532007","doi":"10.1007/s12008-022-01165-9","title":"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Weld quality monitoring via machine learning-enabled approaches","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":true,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Quality (philosophy); Mechanical engineering; Joint (building); Manufacturing engineering; Computer science; Engineering drawing; Engineering; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.055269249742982134,"score_gpt":0.29549750448544226,"score_spread":0.24022825474246012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313532007","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9561026,0.00014552414,0.03882227,0.0007226348,0.0018948846,0.000188312,0.00000929545,0.0008502245,0.0012642597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965042,0.00080497144,0.0015172284,0.000037549038,0.0006297163,0.000019607694,0.000010092677,0.000049493083,0.00042714644],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983565,0.00016646711,0.0004354058,0.00024370117,0.00047241815,0.0003254665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887645,0.00061085745,0.00016098846,0.00011220678,0.00008662121,0.00015289967],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065729447,0.0002613241,0.0002440421,0.00038021186,0.00019148175,0.0003106037,0.00031299432,0.00014721633,0.0000958458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019180724,0.00022208616,0.00010727668,0.00009337603,0.000035039007,0.00040399222,0.00009040985,0.001354774,0.000052138712],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002228343,0.000400026,0.008367917,0.00019483181,0.0029809382,0.0016294172,0.0026537941,0.65654474,0.1322438,0.00036669502,0.009859184,0.18253031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063420297,0.00016924275,0.03189954,0.0003198775,0.000024365072,0.0002355535,0.00017953545,0.019601334,0.93773985,0.0025337401,0.006252115,0.0004106489],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000041415737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014689989,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80549604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019554862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010879485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9056411},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317794978","doi":"10.1109/tmag.2023.3238767","title":"A Numerical Twin Model for the Coupled Field Analysis of TEAM Workshop Problem 36","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Electromagnetic coil; Finite element method; Computer science; Inductor; Inverse problem; Convolutional neural network; Electromagnetic field; Linearity; Thermal analysis; Magnetic field; Permeability (electromagnetism); Electromagnetic induction; Magneto; Algorithm; Mechanical engineering; Thermal; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mathematical analysis; Physics; Voltage; Mathematics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0235656348178913,"score_gpt":0.26776228614504505,"score_spread":0.24419665132715374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4317794978","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0053426996,0.00006215165,0.99330294,0.00035067005,0.000089262394,0.000253074,0.000040978743,0.00036025883,0.00019793709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99058133,0.00041731485,0.00791883,0.00003224891,0.000015657115,0.00013536775,0.0000032646283,0.000021748892,0.0008742198],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941707,0.0000062628724,0.00019463427,0.00010243796,0.00011845774,0.00016113257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992795,0.0004262892,0.000019819381,0.00021161068,0.000031884978,0.000030874504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007617394,0.00009832947,0.00016261416,0.00016517837,0.00007327866,0.000016413382,0.00014336317,0.00008797802,0.000058457546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005375528,0.00007401727,0.0001694419,0.0008495499,0.000022472559,0.000017390495,8.374138e-7,0.00014461121,0.0000022615848],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019046754,0.000027333232,0.0000033212373,0.00003347354,0.00019937879,2.747145e-7,0.00014777284,0.98887986,0.00043591677,0.000010222504,0.0035706856,0.0066727283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000094198986,0.00007581739,0.000032280393,0.000014640205,0.00044927467,2.3409487e-7,0.0000373861,0.9860987,0.012518734,0.00013145909,0.00045998875,0.00008725045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025158675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000669813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98538417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012857653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008652277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30183366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319073350","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-17629-6_46","title":"Discussion on Achieving Resistance Spot Welding Knowledge Completion","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in mechanical engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Knowledge graph; Computer science; Graph; Knowledge representation and reasoning; Representation (politics); Data mining; Information retrieval; Artificial intelligence; Theoretical computer science","score_opus":0.01714781966533066,"score_gpt":0.23396313156479123,"score_spread":0.21681531189946057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319073350","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00091898843,0.0042887703,0.89361614,0.0010657491,0.00558936,0.0015941971,0.00013128406,0.011268035,0.08152747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9552158,0.0030098222,0.020240963,0.00008834342,0.002597297,0.00014364331,0.00022430731,0.0015436071,0.016936215],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981454,0.000013445192,0.00050333765,0.000512198,0.00032054904,0.00050505885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988728,0.00049184356,0.000060204005,0.0004355276,0.000025547963,0.00011404652],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024500545,0.00063299265,0.0006477293,0.00044021828,0.000073215655,0.000058038037,0.00035902666,0.0008238085,0.00006544598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025745228,0.0005037992,0.00019559433,0.00017877085,0.000017882548,0.000050699484,0.00014174219,0.0016592774,0.00007007548],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003739164,0.000021922144,0.0000015106848,0.0015421108,0.00009253752,0.0001552231,0.000098606826,0.9196729,0.008572278,0.0541434,0.0007490844,0.014913034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016823027,0.0005220472,0.00016556925,0.059487555,0.00028559624,0.0000450649,0.000008033972,0.27725086,0.16206098,0.12719415,0.36345196,0.007845892],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002875131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007767109,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9542968,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034310357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011707844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319077616","doi":"10.1007/s40831-023-00650-z","title":"Development and Performance of Ochre (Anhyd. Fe2O3) Added CaO–CaF2–TiO2–SiO2 Fluxes for Welding Electrode","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Microstructure; Coating; Austenite; Electrode; Ferrite (magnet); Shielded metal arc welding; Arc welding; Composite material; Gas tungsten arc welding","score_opus":0.011101011011363897,"score_gpt":0.2249203482390798,"score_spread":0.2138193372277159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319077616","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994954,0.0014894367,0.0026333444,0.000103484344,0.00010872597,0.00019016286,0.0000013830183,0.000111606954,0.0004078931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849614,0.0015739311,0.011690235,0.0000090488975,0.00010098376,0.000020043004,0.0000034271059,0.000038460643,0.0016024887],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99867785,0.000013989813,0.00051800936,0.0001079143,0.00023721985,0.00044503482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992773,0.000084972045,0.00017850833,0.00010479401,0.00026447815,0.000089942885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006109253,0.00017048426,0.00038472493,0.00040005,0.0001489614,0.000043310924,0.00018863782,0.00008965606,0.000020614469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000099375735,0.00014039,0.00009661352,0.00037829162,0.000038318885,0.00025750918,0.00006637983,0.00017592506,0.0000010558483],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002292958,0.0006055912,0.0054885666,0.036110505,0.0055576554,0.0017960985,0.009922069,0.4081071,0.26178002,0.021051235,0.11375432,0.1335339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011150761,0.0008090765,0.0035024139,0.0004460898,0.0001568518,0.00015478555,0.0037169382,0.0075334394,0.7426224,0.0015970949,0.23780978,0.0005360619],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011010707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031697828,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48084238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011290725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010273151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5724938},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319996762","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.12.003","title":"Comparison of different supervised machine learning algorithms for bead geometry prediction in GMAW process","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Support vector machine; Artificial neural network; Mean squared error; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Welding; Algorithm; Computer science; Linear regression; Mean absolute percentage error; Decision tree; Mathematics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Arc welding; Statistics","score_opus":0.022726648793655334,"score_gpt":0.2885369522678088,"score_spread":0.26581030347415346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319996762","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6788778,0.0005440021,0.31724423,0.000018964474,0.00063203776,0.0004704992,0.00006918345,0.002124482,0.0000187938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99740297,0.00018657096,0.0020015126,0.000001128517,0.00007975402,0.00011878385,0.00011252642,0.00007399312,0.000022775852],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989667,0.000007255144,0.0003594872,0.00016475974,0.00017267007,0.00032913868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996593,0.0000887946,0.00003546395,0.00012835869,0.000034182704,0.00005387767],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016680964,0.00019222854,0.0003542255,0.00036619545,0.000034562927,0.000015521795,0.00015363267,0.00014380152,0.000007959479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000910953,0.00019215829,0.00006891979,0.0005100612,0.0000039376164,0.0000594822,0.000037169804,0.0002851361,0.0000018416513],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006277509,0.000033423803,0.00065696496,0.0008169006,0.00003208317,0.0000016514703,0.00028168122,0.98277134,0.0131691275,0.00026109954,0.0000948002,0.0018746442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024018023,0.000098573764,0.00034849247,0.00013688569,0.0000117431355,9.2086384e-7,0.000066644956,0.80670834,0.19179611,0.00021127705,0.00023715444,0.00014365272],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006274406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003664361,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31852517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055585646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059566773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7835988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321021760","doi":"10.1109/tii.2023.3245645","title":"Electric Power Fuse Identification With Deep Learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Fuse (electrical); Computer science; Notation; Identification (biology); Process (computing); Artificial intelligence; Code (set theory); Set (abstract data type); Machine learning; Pattern recognition (psychology); Engineering; Programming language; Electrical engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.021588424068509183,"score_gpt":0.22821177943920812,"score_spread":0.20662335537069892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321021760","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36517808,0.000010537201,0.62879837,0.000051455205,0.00070464134,0.00034558805,0.000012169285,0.002855569,0.002043588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990521,0.00013333117,0.00040414082,0.000010784086,0.000046884652,0.00004610264,0.000008804652,0.000028333707,0.00026950843],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991615,0.000013683041,0.00032388695,0.000059234193,0.00020896312,0.00023276168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962527,0.00007151803,0.000053042644,0.00015502064,0.000036245157,0.000058910322],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013437362,0.00013495555,0.00011935503,0.0003206535,0.00017294764,0.000093927614,0.00011683267,0.00017664618,0.00005038093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007859669,0.00011641078,0.000042758304,0.0009086406,0.000017937911,0.00024713398,7.1169944e-7,0.0005459417,0.00017105657],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021158663,0.000016210253,0.000008940825,0.000024307885,0.0000500903,0.0000020190746,0.0005476564,0.9730592,0.00039598442,0.000017918384,0.00202334,0.023833185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001888281,0.0008319965,0.0001712058,0.00024613302,0.00014925434,0.00003719027,0.0020599358,0.39550117,0.57321906,0.0001370485,0.024749596,0.0010091395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008517647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000039935057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63387406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063849846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016798795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4747094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322102243","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2023.104922","title":"3D characterization of internal defects for fatigue performance of welded SA192 steel water walls","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Fracture (geology); Stress concentration; Microstructure; Fatigue testing; Composite material; Stress intensity factor; Stress (linguistics); Fracture mechanics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.01629210523053943,"score_gpt":0.25272223042938,"score_spread":0.2364301251988406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4322102243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99091613,0.00015962083,0.00797621,0.00007840908,0.0006164877,0.000084249,0.000038132675,0.000030185032,0.00010054499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99816144,0.0008641794,0.0006418989,0.00001114981,0.00023860415,0.0000037702414,0.000012220474,0.000015078069,0.000051652616],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991958,0.000013113191,0.0004055391,0.00006365471,0.00021266815,0.00010920415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940366,0.000071804716,0.00017401979,0.000050799983,0.00026951783,0.000030175755],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002305462,0.000088256886,0.00019386415,0.00019526052,0.00002089372,0.000027322143,0.00020634983,0.000057338922,0.000017523473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028512295,0.00006474101,0.0000655554,0.00005117141,0.000023672923,0.00021934998,0.000046562636,0.00009138273,3.2702553e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001357069,0.000024006595,0.0040603057,0.00077175733,0.0004099602,0.0000070305937,0.00083494815,0.01734334,0.96912056,0.000104978455,0.00034029648,0.0068471134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043869615,0.0001417069,0.008476232,0.0009581824,0.000047604764,0.000023020433,0.000019969772,0.01588774,0.96854645,0.00012654487,0.005233419,0.00010043763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000424066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.0342535e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0073343106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008634351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000948823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26400617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322504730","doi":"10.1007/s12046-023-02079-2","title":"Microstructural and mechanical investigation on fiber laser welding of S500MC steel","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sadhana","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Heat-affected zone; Welding; Martensite; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Acicular ferrite; Composite material; Alloy; Bainite; Carbide","score_opus":0.020771590111483627,"score_gpt":0.23249199402593945,"score_spread":0.21172040391445582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4322504730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99870336,0.00005090519,0.000012448224,0.0001221986,0.00009524885,0.0000637373,0.000015157168,0.00032274844,0.00061421515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998909,0.00007902305,0.0007456556,0.000018967687,0.000043416236,0.0000035878056,0.000011061268,0.000015601403,0.0001737142],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996084,0.000008505679,0.000101313344,0.000088586086,0.0000781496,0.00011505256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998071,0.000043334894,0.000015108043,0.00008721608,0.000010074502,0.000037155623],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005624874,0.000073577736,0.000090324924,0.000065589695,0.000028145929,0.0000124575945,0.000051497827,0.0000648205,0.000038262297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019460686,0.00006294196,0.000020458834,0.00013777953,0.000024586836,0.000035286113,0.000030552375,0.00007815984,0.000011637439],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008765947,0.00002895891,0.004081123,0.0017986969,0.00028168567,0.00007326013,0.0015139715,0.070008166,0.68516105,0.004354653,0.17987828,0.052732486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010625905,0.00004252644,0.005847551,0.00009174593,0.000007289962,0.0000023821608,0.000033519304,0.0007901501,0.98893803,0.0021848697,0.0018553613,0.00010028278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018881547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000063011075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.303777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010936746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000029019113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25666988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4328102250","doi":"10.2351/7.0000769","title":"Quality classification model with machine learning for porosity prediction in laser welding aluminum alloys","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Porosity; Welding; Materials science; Process (computing); Quality (philosophy); Laser beam welding; Machine learning; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.037086350175536596,"score_gpt":0.29156518540605414,"score_spread":0.25447883523051756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4328102250","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51857924,0.00006112035,0.47922558,0.0006463138,0.000052587537,0.00045466376,0.000048923284,0.0003597262,0.0005718359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99104303,0.00020079115,0.00819336,0.000011367538,0.00011585454,0.00015335169,0.000049775277,0.000024475143,0.0002079912],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922156,0.00001931163,0.0003622466,0.00010018064,0.00015544223,0.00014122884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994953,0.000095435586,0.00013758933,0.00011837429,0.00009942405,0.00005386953],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004531213,0.00009021354,0.00015010702,0.00016668391,0.00009516052,0.000026452015,0.00012155756,0.00007222428,0.000004926483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025267764,0.00007642249,0.00005264823,0.00033083174,0.000017752025,0.00014678587,0.000013770109,0.00024216356,0.000003102087],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028288641,0.00004329423,0.01147528,0.00006569287,0.00002478681,7.324353e-7,0.000090362955,0.9788998,0.005050569,0.00015700949,0.0031476524,0.0010165444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011031388,0.00015051241,0.066365264,0.00014644668,0.000067218265,0.00002002509,0.00028076893,0.8705417,0.036513068,0.0035335151,0.020972034,0.00030631735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000123520385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057810863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4724638,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081492435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023255292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31164187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360609165","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2706556/v1","title":"Optimization of GMAW Process Parameters for Weld Overlay of Inconel 686 Superalloy on Low-Carbon Steel","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Teck (Canada); Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Inconel; Gas metal arc welding; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Materials science; Welding; Process (computing); Carbon steel; Computer science; Heat-affected zone; Microstructure","score_opus":0.07648174685364549,"score_gpt":0.372370513852416,"score_spread":0.2958887669987705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4360609165","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98834956,0.00043761867,0.004814418,0.000255347,0.00036317,0.0031179572,0.0006158578,0.0007011343,0.0013449328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99439126,0.0010662689,0.003505567,0.0000021055796,0.000080506536,0.0005333109,0.00017209483,0.000119808305,0.00012905835],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978893,0.000083961764,0.00044715218,0.00037516386,0.0007708447,0.00043361474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982566,0.0005601412,0.00008450958,0.0005322771,0.00048159403,0.00008482498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006725813,0.0002451511,0.0004675179,0.0005385089,0.000047917692,0.000043458338,0.0004979722,0.00044553386,0.000014922382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043749812,0.00022709295,0.00016236647,0.00037380907,0.000105179475,0.0000425562,0.00028263632,0.00072162895,0.0000012599662],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008842026,0.00007374584,0.000363432,0.01207227,0.000090148045,0.0000030513936,0.00022860231,0.98467654,0.0007505366,0.00010181588,0.0013041288,0.00024731262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088050734,0.0011457275,0.0019579802,0.013764188,0.00005250814,6.8300255e-7,0.00067923364,0.5336921,0.44219622,0.0046533025,0.00017854648,0.0007989864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024793655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018030687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45098442,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016032626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013631153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9260582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360612508","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.1.1664","title":"PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF INCONEL ALLOY UNDER WELDED AND UNWELDED CONDITIONS","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Inconel; Metallurgy; Ductility (Earth science); Weldability; Ultimate tensile strength; Fractography; Tungsten; Tungsten carbide; Carbide; Alloy; Composite material","score_opus":0.026328174040454903,"score_gpt":0.23740633515091658,"score_spread":0.21107816111046168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4360612508","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99797815,0.00043072825,0.000032312422,0.0007970367,0.00007884295,0.00022209258,0.0000122938045,0.0004008131,0.000047729467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99778426,0.00059194956,0.0013475175,0.00003352298,0.000023513161,0.000036564237,0.0000532894,0.000029040135,0.00010035113],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921304,0.00003499416,0.00025636508,0.00019706985,0.00012785007,0.00017070869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996056,0.0000640215,0.000047053618,0.00015790283,0.000035188943,0.000090214635],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009383715,0.0001680036,0.0002339722,0.00013191337,0.00009803543,0.000038058603,0.00011464438,0.00014859822,0.000024389283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031707823,0.00013738994,0.000040951807,0.00020650649,0.00017285788,0.00017156894,0.00015231907,0.00015562776,0.0000025739034],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002885446,0.00001404142,0.00018984824,0.00026103974,0.00011768179,0.00001162298,0.0006792449,0.0007081003,0.9949795,0.0010236438,0.0017981766,0.00018825507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000823203,0.00032669606,0.060100704,0.00027138338,0.00023302679,0.0000935935,0.0009796196,0.009206115,0.9146095,0.012058948,0.00071761274,0.0005795955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000106145184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014768774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.080369994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016385779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013028863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5602599},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361284064","doi":"10.1007/s40194-023-01502-w","title":"A novel approach to prediction of welding residual stress and distortion","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Solid mechanics; Welding; Distortion (music); Materials science; Residual; Rigidity (electromagnetism); Thermal; Statically indeterminate; Work (physics); Structural engineering; Mechanics; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Algorithm; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.0254763390782888,"score_gpt":0.23988573597023172,"score_spread":0.2144093968919429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4361284064","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97875476,0.0001388834,0.010991171,0.00025087985,0.00015649182,0.00023433543,0.000023735598,0.00047422494,0.008975541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977009,0.000030164567,0.0020577463,0.000011950815,0.00007652238,0.000033701126,0.0000054864367,0.000013896344,0.00006958576],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939585,0.000016422482,0.00016661997,0.00011830412,0.00013824868,0.00016458477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973214,0.0000762214,0.000019191984,0.000136705,0.000008496736,0.000027223252],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032044353,0.000079603684,0.0000935952,0.00025387522,0.000055923978,0.000025898102,0.00013347452,0.00003140629,0.0000022661663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031978274,0.00006291808,0.000018054547,0.000720574,0.000023940382,0.00006500553,0.00004294332,0.00011109189,0.0000011259477],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055942437,0.00019236491,0.06096418,0.0008509412,0.000065667184,0.000010214996,0.0071931565,0.85653824,0.038579594,0.011755341,0.017499695,0.0062946924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009463913,0.00016262231,0.6710078,0.0013500542,0.00005877884,0.000030848503,0.0028824056,0.03509603,0.27947196,0.001974111,0.006385087,0.00063386257],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006415595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000465267,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8214422,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025162282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000023799441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25657248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362731886","doi":"10.2172/1968686","title":"Collaborative Study on Weldability of Irradiated Stainless Steel 304 Materials Removed from The NRU Reactor","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle; Office of Nuclear Energy; Battelle; Division of Materials Research; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Weldability; Welding; Materials science; Irradiation; Metallurgy; Helium; Cracking; Grain boundary; Explosion welding; Composite material; Nuclear engineering; Microstructure; Arc welding; Chemistry; Engineering; Nuclear physics; Filler metal","score_opus":0.06285421900260008,"score_gpt":0.32579095043909784,"score_spread":0.26293673143649776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362731886","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9726722,0.00040689856,0.000010002045,0.00009237732,0.0019958029,0.0024287177,0.0043454547,0.0015956976,0.016452812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954048,0.0019856207,0.00012963501,0.000009964804,0.00042454313,0.00018046537,0.0003589829,0.00016700008,0.0013389869],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99739593,0.00022722509,0.0008374037,0.00045040046,0.0007989472,0.00029008684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997392,0.0007916272,0.00027743937,0.0010302338,0.0004466251,0.00006210156],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00090189563,0.00046444143,0.0009575135,0.00007069751,0.00006264964,0.00008837501,0.00050359534,0.00043989174,0.00028047073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052550394,0.00028387163,0.00010038191,0.0004418595,0.00007195406,0.000040299547,0.00014658699,0.00039414474,0.000017755036],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005687613,0.0015987561,0.0090526305,0.0023753047,0.00614464,0.00035735394,0.0045798915,0.0023960979,0.055359825,0.00013832314,0.9143825,0.0030459042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00093549216,0.00079125457,0.7207019,0.0016128148,0.0005298795,0.0000022916722,0.0076188575,0.000029497825,0.20691219,0.00069372274,0.058597658,0.0015744858],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0071538794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00087973685,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85578483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031796776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028243227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999613},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4365151351","doi":"10.4271/2023-01-0803","title":"Effect of Edge Finish on Fatigue Behavior of Thin Non-oriented Electrical Steel Sheets","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Surface roughness; Surface finish; Electrical discharge machining; Machining; Composite material; Electrical steel; Metallurgy; Computer science","score_opus":0.011421219439125526,"score_gpt":0.26572123083550453,"score_spread":0.254300011396379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4365151351","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9684977,0.00023554533,0.000002728306,0.00030127537,0.00033951967,0.0015766557,0.00015301767,0.005459066,0.023434488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99728024,0.00061174395,0.00089056365,0.00009670978,0.0001049561,0.0005883026,0.00008235858,0.00018657492,0.00015853129],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955858,0.00017234868,0.0012944725,0.00086084974,0.001095129,0.0009914263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967704,0.0012788,0.00021516708,0.0013260117,0.00010304888,0.00030659474],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00080067106,0.0008449932,0.0014043077,0.00048404906,0.00017610197,0.000038127535,0.0010846752,0.0011034907,0.00021240045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008352202,0.00068049383,0.0006267048,0.0018478711,0.00066389545,0.00019801484,0.0003543458,0.0014298605,0.000052980464],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040119284,0.0003405886,0.00040274166,0.00032434647,0.00006715504,0.00007785298,0.000022248103,0.00049530604,0.97722393,0.0017552436,0.011955963,0.006933424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096812524,0.0069365143,0.90136564,0.0007462774,0.00017264242,0.000026638882,0.000018409324,0.0000024366063,0.083434,0.00021437065,0.005342277,0.0007726504],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036693473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018130065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9009629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018990402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049781513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99956465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366493206","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27447-3_48","title":"Keyhole TIG Welding of New Co-Lean Nickel-Based Superalloy G27","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"˜The œminerals, metals & materials series","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Superalloy; Eutectic system; Gas tungsten arc welding; Laves phase; Heat-affected zone; Alloy; Arc welding; Intermetallic","score_opus":0.029549082769390177,"score_gpt":0.24117452435996387,"score_spread":0.2116254415905737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366493206","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.584559,0.015776476,0.0010606011,0.0024228285,0.016964069,0.0061135157,0.0070040473,0.014977091,0.35112235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15565711,0.0037797578,0.0021625173,0.00013757101,0.0018911812,0.00011942071,0.0008326764,0.00084673334,0.83457303],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972567,0.000052382846,0.0011266825,0.0004839942,0.0005011998,0.0005790246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983328,0.00014068886,0.000311923,0.00096984307,0.00009741429,0.00014733036],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005310634,0.0008791345,0.0014581701,0.00027330822,0.00015801884,0.0002302013,0.0008119545,0.0005943827,0.0019468098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030405225,0.00067160686,0.00034362622,0.00009913988,0.0002566786,0.00019646085,0.00018834774,0.00032785442,0.0002374601],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014697094,0.00002750479,0.000009929323,0.0023322583,0.0008897286,0.00009083664,0.00023796032,0.005649463,0.75090486,0.016561605,0.22279282,0.0003560966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026048688,0.00013074363,0.000022428567,0.0007482405,0.00025817478,0.000017088923,0.000026136524,0.000011450862,0.68700325,0.008163746,0.30253953,0.0008187517],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004158588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001508519,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48345068,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059635964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000918853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4368362430","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124251","title":"Mechanism of constriction in a high frequency pulsed welding arc","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation; Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Beihang University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Alberta","keywords":"Materials science; Joule heating; Duty cycle; Mechanics; Arc (geometry); Current (fluid); Plasma arc welding; Electrode; Welding; Voltage; Thermodynamics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.010203272744374561,"score_gpt":0.23146416374778056,"score_spread":0.221260891003406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4368362430","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9683045,0.00020895219,0.0298799,0.00040570594,0.00058045133,0.000043643155,0.000012737932,0.000041890245,0.00052218477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99724805,0.002096813,0.0005551005,0.000008700807,0.000072977135,0.0000016909086,0.0000022216689,0.00000780462,0.0000066482307],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943644,0.000009381726,0.00025888562,0.00004272441,0.00017489927,0.00007766704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998324,0.000040099316,0.000010702496,0.000024638577,0.00006571757,0.000026463982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011908706,0.000058637586,0.00011899445,0.00030569392,0.000009308241,0.000013578542,0.00009003857,0.000048663267,0.000031991945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000085201855,0.00005008281,0.000042065265,0.0001023922,0.0000149384,0.0000968397,0.0000048012935,0.00011765953,5.533757e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016342156,0.000096320255,0.016089896,0.0002323397,0.0004905073,0.0006198377,0.00076686114,0.037501544,0.8971682,0.0342658,0.0007028986,0.011902336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002530003,0.0002664826,0.014838477,0.00092643534,0.00005164706,0.00022259759,0.0002460398,0.0057553733,0.90665036,0.06744896,0.00076091127,0.00030272326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047877093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000092466,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033183154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027622957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010277163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20423177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376139062","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxac087.183","title":"155 A test Chamber to Quantify Emission Factors for Welding Fumes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Work Exposures and Health","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Consumables; Welding; Shielded metal arc welding; Materials science; Arc welding; Electrode; Shielding gas; Gas tungsten arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Nuclear engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Engineering","score_opus":0.14542810827831612,"score_gpt":0.3848739748182245,"score_spread":0.23944586653990838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376139062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904291,0.0018210934,0.00030036652,0.0064206948,0.00013388682,0.00031465976,0.000039326675,0.00040076513,0.0001401261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947186,0.0039535635,0.00083206996,0.00018162516,0.000090272886,0.000019704794,0.000013595715,0.000026662168,0.0001638973],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920195,0.000007792481,0.00023759366,0.00013600811,0.00009709568,0.00031954743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946904,0.00018660232,0.000040345178,0.00011448365,0.000033109132,0.00015642069],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002765864,0.000116446434,0.00022852498,0.00011456473,0.000119550496,0.000023275745,0.000061212275,0.000068504276,0.000007650505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006816962,0.00009290464,0.000052516403,0.00027202678,0.000011995719,0.00003420144,0.000035373167,0.00006649538,0.0000017602508],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003499339,0.00004443991,0.1561702,0.0013693101,0.00004600613,0.0000036704728,0.0019006956,0.0026751766,0.000968095,0.00044108677,0.8136333,0.022713013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004481765,0.0018346251,0.5964597,0.0027001728,0.000014241329,0.0000041838152,0.0013323048,0.0006055146,0.14379363,0.002301576,0.24971697,0.00078894856],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009084823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001904919,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5639163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005871092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012963059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3788541},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376561185","doi":"10.1016/j.compind.2023.103939","title":"Full-cycle data purification strategy for multi-type weld seam classification with few-shot learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers in Industry","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Shot (pellet); Key (lock); Randomness; Volume (thermodynamics); Pattern recognition (psychology); Data mining; Computer vision; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.2035916618725392,"score_gpt":0.34926818153318884,"score_spread":0.14567651966064965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376561185","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85486895,0.0001620225,0.13981582,0.00038776576,0.00068844814,0.00075515267,0.000040186842,0.0024000655,0.0008815719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98369676,0.00006621875,0.015521995,0.000009740839,0.00013962858,0.000039060906,0.00040631002,0.000037399266,0.00008289196],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992161,0.000020421301,0.0001745377,0.0002648941,0.00009756091,0.00022649122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994299,0.00007678466,0.00004060076,0.00037379444,0.000032925604,0.000046022407],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016095043,0.00012348419,0.000116635296,0.00012115798,0.00006743185,0.00006956796,0.0003767162,0.0002745267,0.000006720079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029275367,0.000118102806,0.000012831439,0.000437276,0.000027693297,0.00014864292,0.00007522926,0.0004958652,0.000009216793],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000468842,0.00007704736,0.005038749,0.00020398278,0.000049064547,0.000013295346,0.00016798441,0.92751616,0.00503106,0.0002479597,0.026626987,0.03498083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003916152,0.00016640178,0.0146952355,0.00019273012,0.000010891862,0.000005922493,0.00032853032,0.97372484,0.0037379563,0.00008264738,0.00639926,0.0002639613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017879474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019530495,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12882778,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051994153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021641217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48160926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377019016","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012007","title":"General expressions for heat distribution, pressure, and current density in argon welding arcs","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Joule heating; Weld pool; Plasma arc welding; Mechanics; Thermal conduction; Arc (geometry); Materials science; Submerged arc welding; Heat transfer; Current (fluid); Heat-affected zone; Arc welding; Metallurgy; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.020049965372236495,"score_gpt":0.24846938013605424,"score_spread":0.22841941476381775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377019016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956126,0.00031654965,0.0027932096,0.00007000893,0.00051615096,0.00019710202,0.00008618501,0.00039140836,0.000016745103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978764,0.0012196829,0.0007071852,0.0000023861983,0.00007585745,0.00007303842,0.000021440146,0.000012779434,0.000011195084],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990885,0.0000057939037,0.00017920372,0.00022918408,0.00013463035,0.00036267366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996939,0.000027951979,0.0000127626,0.00011266476,0.000062842126,0.00008988562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003268373,0.000148488,0.00018508837,0.00011911885,0.00015768132,0.00023287439,0.00013289275,0.000051679643,0.0000034191653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011275538,0.00013466287,0.000010668361,0.00028053802,0.00011482959,0.00037936217,0.00012469324,0.00006821679,6.8335027e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009460897,0.0000045679885,0.000117884934,0.00044007596,0.0000046149844,0.000002603326,0.000168915,0.028378012,0.96707016,0.0028620705,0.00027275825,0.0006688468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011259179,0.000025261783,0.011232263,0.00027152378,0.000007838815,0.0000077500235,0.000048745962,0.01708222,0.9668094,0.00043196842,0.0037437433,0.00022669062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032210868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000064556884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011295792,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021551172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025162759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54913926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377019151","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012020","title":"Measurements of deposition rate and droplet temperature in GMAW of aluminum alloys","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Joule heating; Materials science; Deposition (geology); Aluminium; Metallurgy; Consumables; Welding; Alloy; Arc (geometry); Arc welding; Composite material; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.018470217423746226,"score_gpt":0.22030984040549542,"score_spread":0.2018396229817492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377019151","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99939406,0.00006491572,0.000034156972,0.000029409686,0.00018942155,0.00008839829,0.000011748087,0.000114678696,0.00007323117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988658,0.0004281463,0.0006598627,0.000002126171,0.00001570758,0.000010733746,0.0000033563242,0.000009199972,0.0000050780263],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993175,0.000008081497,0.00019981024,0.00012865778,0.00015609292,0.00018981798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997672,0.000011558121,0.00002277517,0.000088852095,0.00007094073,0.000038715352],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041840304,0.00010410205,0.00018589207,0.000177998,0.000031851563,0.00006341779,0.00010604294,0.00005146924,0.0000058788523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005270554,0.00009512946,0.000006966826,0.00036357812,0.00012681381,0.00028934216,0.000059189544,0.00004256135,3.5100385e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000049844916,0.000002256374,0.0002151469,0.000287424,0.0000033104259,0.0000017532067,0.00019254835,0.003915152,0.9950853,0.00013019732,0.000011856781,0.00015006836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007534641,0.000036032383,0.01744435,0.00024929154,0.0000032413354,0.0000048554043,0.00006368671,0.0010566455,0.98092186,0.000033685687,0.0000124040525,0.000098590266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058934595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000146013845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017229203,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013375525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021326096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38792667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377019299","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012023","title":"Arc length behaviour and voltage predictions for GMAW-Sp aluminum procedures in the Lincoln Procedure Hand Book","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Voltage; Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Arc (geometry); Mechanics; Arc length; Materials science; Electrical engineering; Cathode; Electrode; Anode; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Arc welding; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.014953439643770971,"score_gpt":0.23352343954325408,"score_spread":0.21856999989948311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377019299","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974865,0.00024387689,0.00057495333,0.00030748366,0.00027027665,0.00053657935,0.000063248975,0.00043384085,0.00008329367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981607,0.00093304744,0.0003398529,0.000019830146,0.000094485054,0.00034732406,0.0000071007353,0.000020205136,0.00007741038],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989685,0.0000051403463,0.00019892816,0.00024478266,0.0001905205,0.00039217225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966383,0.000043635624,0.000022755168,0.00013519957,0.00006930387,0.00006530143],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004631402,0.00017590435,0.00017754742,0.00018017019,0.0002648349,0.00051841396,0.00024051259,0.00007512934,0.000008173061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016925462,0.00013408116,0.000012751134,0.00036947537,0.00024162683,0.0005113068,0.00007630298,0.00009230118,0.0000010308088],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028380426,0.000022698456,0.0005017279,0.0017810378,0.000015779351,0.000018486204,0.004732024,0.012128196,0.97429776,0.0025296207,0.0033114809,0.0006327781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047833307,0.0003256934,0.060182933,0.000823962,0.00003996258,0.00012748268,0.002333513,0.023912903,0.9019744,0.00068870676,0.008341401,0.0007707401],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026718977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041947154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07232342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022477532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007455392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54676706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379522854","doi":"10.21428/594757db.374c99cb","title":"Supervised recommendations of gas metal arc welding parameters","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alstom (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Trimming; Computer science; Boosting (machine learning); Offset (computer science); Waveform; Process (computing); Artificial intelligence; Heuristic; Heuristics; Decision tree; Machine learning; Word error rate; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.033343675948764334,"score_gpt":0.2600215854592294,"score_spread":0.22667790951046504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379522854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9687296,0.00006269926,0.004618031,0.0011257125,0.0002783824,0.0001428005,0.000018169594,0.0022584603,0.02276614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830446,0.00039920423,0.016194232,0.0000125795295,0.000016109358,0.000014865044,0.000017069357,0.000018128136,0.00028321502],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995844,0.000008392778,0.00013656596,0.000069234295,0.000067301225,0.00013413813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997517,0.00007832098,0.000009933121,0.000117854055,0.000012200752,0.00003000455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008051572,0.000065626635,0.00009985149,0.00011055507,0.00002772129,0.000011014433,0.000093222596,0.000035445686,0.00013612237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002115216,0.000056328867,0.000050492978,0.0002759204,0.000014461594,0.00005198195,0.000030739808,0.000057385674,0.000028253358],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015763248,0.000102669066,0.0024418589,0.00068326906,0.000599675,0.000029401113,0.0011063985,0.17718387,0.11393301,0.009038919,0.5858533,0.1090119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018672521,0.00004916598,0.0005892257,0.00007800347,0.000027389802,0.0000030497365,0.00035338124,0.022751426,0.9547005,0.002705015,0.018313391,0.00024272206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006259321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008803137,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8407675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009486553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000028498434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22970246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379980235","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.05.092","title":"Feasibility of cold wire gas metal arc welding AA5052 H-32","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Gas metal arc welding; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Arc (geometry); Arc welding; Heat-affected zone; Porosity; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.02997479879954634,"score_gpt":0.26608754597226225,"score_spread":0.2361127471727159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379980235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99698853,0.0009726432,0.000478187,0.00014417805,0.00028422152,0.000104121835,0.000009274264,0.00029890606,0.0007199092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996948,0.0014165567,0.001296466,0.000007721433,0.00018968045,0.0000031609634,0.000001236829,0.000035546822,0.000101623846],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986479,0.000019883038,0.0005495665,0.00012528528,0.00038400837,0.0002733207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916404,0.00018288796,0.00024572414,0.0001678576,0.00014451961,0.000094945695],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041856366,0.00018583472,0.00039363682,0.0002686297,0.00006736334,0.00004312772,0.00034910237,0.00009632151,0.00003687008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020151917,0.00014729894,0.00013502978,0.0002899504,0.000050462117,0.00026442498,0.000069677386,0.000304082,0.0000050505037],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036877888,0.000471009,0.016332734,0.026074335,0.0012980312,0.0007383244,0.0022404008,0.85941154,0.042648077,0.00008952684,0.036652446,0.013674824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022103262,0.00009046806,0.0028587414,0.0004418498,0.000047658337,0.000053552434,0.00011343759,0.0000294346,0.9897086,0.00084716856,0.0054300637,0.00015796907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009516014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000079009105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9470605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005429105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055632212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60066766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380091965","doi":"10.1016/j.rcim.2023.102602","title":"One-shot, integrated positioning for welding initial points via co-mapping of cross and parallel stripes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Computer science; Robot welding; Process (computing); Computer vision; Parametric statistics; Robustness (evolution); Point (geometry); Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03916606722873007,"score_gpt":0.28588895793912517,"score_spread":0.2467228907103951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4380091965","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53177017,0.00010955937,0.4669879,0.000045228197,0.00017254568,0.00023209545,0.000044079396,0.00054498407,0.00009344143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95066833,0.00033248554,0.048651993,0.000019618268,0.00011710518,0.000017162123,0.00013375506,0.0000472975,0.000012251683],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998769,0.000022448849,0.00040562378,0.00028875816,0.000129458,0.0003847136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941224,0.00018414189,0.000083217565,0.0001402238,0.00007744767,0.00010274585],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001707914,0.0002735484,0.0003838747,0.00027009274,0.00021872435,0.00022721551,0.00014498598,0.00016743723,0.0000050776307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012749983,0.00026523604,0.00006998561,0.00017449463,0.000081914746,0.00016073055,0.00008800983,0.00025559025,0.0000010820161],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006308203,0.00004365382,0.00063517084,0.0010403029,0.00032051752,0.000037682057,0.00047610616,0.95023364,0.0048129824,0.00069195556,0.00052225427,0.04112267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008637313,0.00020224822,0.0056067123,0.0010422762,0.000045700555,0.00003652042,0.000170184,0.6570029,0.33149493,0.0024854632,0.0004995414,0.0005497863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000099336794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012813653,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4188982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003775344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012910551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381050084","doi":"10.1007/s11340-023-00963-w","title":"Simulation of Infinite Boundaries for Axisymmetric Finite Element Models","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Superposition principle; Finite element method; Isotropy; Rotational symmetry; Boundary value problem; Stress (linguistics); Mechanics; Solid mechanics; Plane stress; Stiffness; Boundary (topology); Geometry; Materials science; Structural engineering; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.03925785476218401,"score_gpt":0.2941994742500851,"score_spread":0.25494161948790106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381050084","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.077368565,0.0011642474,0.9180746,0.000021299536,0.0007302453,0.00067647226,0.00012253762,0.0012033777,0.00063862844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99496436,0.00006162124,0.0047192136,0.000010923413,0.000042191303,0.00009124683,0.000045090714,0.000032627097,0.000032715205],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936265,0.000006029206,0.00020599681,0.00010446308,0.00014316155,0.00017771115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996515,0.00013057028,0.000033640412,0.00012378607,0.00002928213,0.000031204607],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008827759,0.000108946726,0.00013184045,0.00016994672,0.00008235348,0.00003631643,0.00009528135,0.000063556436,0.000019008883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003108351,0.00010887458,0.00005942506,0.00033965244,0.000012143039,0.000094186915,0.000050738887,0.000042304902,0.0000052291807],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011292599,0.000019842239,0.0000010953166,0.0000570103,0.000021900983,5.8745906e-7,0.000330973,0.97760916,0.0091978405,0.011399579,0.0006209986,0.0007297154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013007341,0.00009395169,5.9548336e-7,0.000016049018,0.0000037594737,8.700652e-8,0.00014472645,0.6131216,0.37683988,0.0064688474,0.003101903,0.00007847734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000067026804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.3352895e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9175958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044084583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009242695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44397762},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381193982","doi":"10.11159/cdsr23.205","title":"Robotic Adaptive Algorithm for Solving Fit-up Variations in Welding at Industrial Scale","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the International Conference of Control, Dynamic systems, and Robotics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nova Chemicals (Canada)","funders":"Government of Canada","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Computer science; Welding; Robot welding; Robot; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.040532539484303694,"score_gpt":0.25518652407608,"score_spread":0.21465398459177631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381193982","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.56173456,0.001122612,0.41348904,0.0031599368,0.010301156,0.004417707,0.0007821384,0.0007910391,0.004201803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969237,0.00016556708,0.0023933207,0.000003721804,0.00009102242,0.00004643642,0.000005925368,0.000018115446,0.00035221947],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900573,0.000005057569,0.00043080765,0.00014408403,0.00023739188,0.0001769471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919176,0.00018526426,0.00019888936,0.000055548575,0.00033744256,0.00003112114],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002941896,0.0001321707,0.0003003338,0.00017354015,0.00006969522,0.000056596684,0.0003255796,0.00012427174,0.0000028906281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012715404,0.00010686183,0.000064704276,0.00015817967,0.000060310005,0.00012795758,0.00010307737,0.00012489592,4.2258728e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001045635,0.000054913035,0.010881379,0.00054175063,0.00044212874,9.269166e-7,0.00076109765,0.9331082,0.015678382,0.032214537,0.001757692,0.004454401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073738897,0.00003996276,0.0011556483,0.00066736893,0.000040954765,0.000005243573,0.00035820354,0.9946619,0.0008844262,0.0012979032,0.000036981233,0.00011396222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008315393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036136422,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4351891,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000105828185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029560983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4357699},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381337069","doi":"10.11648/j.ajmie.20230801.12","title":"Finite Element Simulation to Optimize the Mechanical Properties and Deformation of the Bevel Joint of 9.25 mm Thick Aluminum 6061-T6 with only One Pass","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Université Laval","keywords":"Finite element method; Welding; Materials science; Distortion (music); Bevel; Rotational speed; Taguchi methods; Structural engineering; Deformation (meteorology); Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.04337377838655851,"score_gpt":0.21804992369724926,"score_spread":0.17467614531069076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381337069","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9545257,0.000051441537,0.043848798,0.0011008391,0.00014427365,0.0002653381,0.000007835333,0.00004794162,0.000007835336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99720937,0.00013173492,0.0025023012,0.000021684824,0.00010898652,0.000005074539,5.8359916e-7,0.000016629436,0.0000036434508],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989541,0.000029005952,0.00048534354,0.000075376374,0.00029864168,0.00015753506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994132,0.00013362685,0.00018619277,0.0001102465,0.00008026858,0.00007647659],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048060913,0.00012581985,0.00032039054,0.00009059975,0.000043855507,0.000020281886,0.0001435854,0.000066053355,0.000003081963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018594411,0.000066612854,0.000055400655,0.00035643578,0.000046869864,0.00008695301,0.000089364636,0.00032602617,1.5745759e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008844313,0.000015525855,0.000023830284,0.000045945213,0.00009830753,9.0236284e-7,0.00022410705,0.9734468,0.013905789,0.0003092591,0.000050161932,0.011790951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013071459,0.0023782672,0.0015515353,0.0016396174,0.00018146445,0.000038112772,0.0010936756,0.7337977,0.25676298,0.00015183756,0.00076498935,0.0003326564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003716688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031751308,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24285719,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026850055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002955495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27163935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381618996","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106444","title":"Development of hard and wear-resistant SiC-AISI304 stainless steel clad layer on low carbon steel by GMAW process","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Today Communications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; Indian Institute of Technology Mandi; National Institute of Technology, Silchar; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","keywords":"Materials science; Layer (electronics); Metallurgy; Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Carbon steel; Abrasive; Indentation hardness; Substrate (aquarium); Composite material; Carbon fibers; Heat-affected zone; Corrosion; Microstructure; Composite number","score_opus":0.029571590485974956,"score_gpt":0.27465419458790297,"score_spread":0.245082604101928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381618996","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99703443,0.00033140785,0.000025850002,0.00031034008,0.00008203809,0.00029686428,0.00016864415,0.00050311815,0.0012473157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99563587,0.00092476275,0.002912022,0.000015369582,0.000015259848,0.00015910773,0.00012406056,0.00004370061,0.00016987516],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900466,0.000060294,0.0003967957,0.00015134826,0.0001691273,0.00021776199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892026,0.00010562857,0.00007765584,0.0007872597,0.000054749027,0.000054441465],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027387874,0.00016869769,0.0002533683,0.00009127417,0.00016024106,0.00006598722,0.0005066351,0.00010039523,0.000023424614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027492559,0.00015421354,0.000019112975,0.00018963014,0.00007419886,0.00004838815,0.00023333248,0.00010236548,0.000008339693],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022261625,0.00007732234,0.00006360485,0.00050942396,0.000057902704,0.0000011724021,0.001425884,0.00038374524,0.9937658,0.00065375445,0.0023032497,0.0007359275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001838875,0.000029117266,0.002905192,0.00035581464,0.000014509677,5.276825e-7,0.0004185261,0.00019475863,0.98112255,0.00022227383,0.014321582,0.00023124769],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004670657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004675299,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012643189,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044704342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003412706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6288646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382646083","doi":"10.1007/s00170-023-11798-z","title":"Optimization of GMAW process parameters for weld overlay of Inconel 686 superalloy on low-carbon steel","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Teck (Canada); University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Inconel; Gas metal arc welding; Metallurgy; Superalloy; Heat-affected zone; Volume fraction; Dilution; Microstructure; Composite material; Alloy","score_opus":0.00946808305539891,"score_gpt":0.2553990586430787,"score_spread":0.2459309755876798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382646083","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99316734,0.000068154775,0.0048918496,0.0010083104,0.00042415247,0.00015984742,0.000014140689,0.00016838922,0.00009780297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99146646,0.0005113647,0.007906764,0.0000146924385,0.000042907424,0.000014031266,0.0000034710372,0.000024493089,0.000015831312],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909383,0.000007239141,0.00041755597,0.00008705326,0.0002556038,0.000138741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992285,0.000173099,0.0002634279,0.00014557062,0.00017177977,0.000017652566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015350308,0.00011747699,0.0002248801,0.0004725547,0.000021112262,0.000008512634,0.0006414101,0.00010398015,0.000004648303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012414448,0.00008642682,0.0000824974,0.00013035079,0.00007517104,0.00008345641,0.000060814396,0.00020638217,2.8280223e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013765649,0.00002469371,0.000040711922,0.00007101232,0.00012199053,0.0000055354208,0.000058946007,0.9723039,0.023493417,0.00029708416,0.00010179939,0.003343233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046767286,0.00020996762,0.00016786323,0.00031190953,0.000015352542,0.000016660268,0.00015989151,0.008073266,0.98219407,0.008141623,0.00015781178,0.00008392384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000032778323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016491581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96423066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006939997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019401712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35243836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383094584","doi":"10.21608/ijmti.2023.196160.1078","title":"Effect of Heat Input on Weldability of Low Nickel High Manganese Stainless Steel.","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Materials Technology and Innovation","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian MPS Society for Mucopolysaccharide and Related Diseases","funders":"","keywords":"Weldability; Manganese; Metallurgy; Materials science; Nickel; Welding","score_opus":0.006221217912698551,"score_gpt":0.26459376918186556,"score_spread":0.25837255126916703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383094584","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984829,0.00003056409,0.00019150057,0.00045425197,0.00060491875,0.000080233316,0.000031134565,0.0000830552,0.00004143181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995838,0.00016539886,0.00014581149,0.0000077506165,0.00006242276,0.0000040834684,0.000012764829,0.000008824611,0.000009165692],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915266,0.000028318795,0.0005105399,0.00006227247,0.00017431536,0.000071919334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933124,0.000082205945,0.00018512398,0.00008429404,0.00030940192,0.000007730626],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059812184,0.000083071005,0.00023098124,0.0011506684,0.000013096847,0.000009665214,0.00018757771,0.00014893319,0.000019212139],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018322178,0.00006425281,0.000020392808,0.0005188894,0.000081488106,0.00008273332,0.000047408364,0.00010604917,0.0000011304633],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000343343,0.00004229796,0.0021527265,0.00038957648,0.00013423793,0.000020967575,0.000029281628,0.0017910822,0.97162074,0.014822372,0.0005528824,0.008100504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033559083,0.00044713728,0.0042292033,0.00025179723,0.0000068542954,0.000019928948,0.00001366203,0.000031071373,0.99031216,0.0041921427,0.000112312744,0.000048112764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005736722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.621256e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018691458,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027727161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009053125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26201534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383106578","doi":"10.1007/s40194-023-01553-z","title":"Contrasting the mechanical and metallurgical properties of laser welded and gas tungsten arc welded S500MC steel","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Base metal; Arc welding; Shielded metal arc welding; Shielding gas; Ultimate tensile strength; Laser beam welding; Tungsten; Filler metal; Gas metal arc welding; Alloy; Microstructure; Composite material","score_opus":0.02640636475816233,"score_gpt":0.23098026975847094,"score_spread":0.20457390500030861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383106578","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99431026,0.0006824762,0.000091043,0.0022175952,0.000101212216,0.0003221313,0.0000032856833,0.00029594646,0.0019760276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99899435,0.00033472126,0.00023855749,0.000055197062,0.000064374406,0.000044198816,0.0000011517742,0.000023693117,0.00024373372],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990222,0.000089425004,0.00026575592,0.00016286387,0.00018741559,0.00027237975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928075,0.0004383206,0.00003845313,0.00019147596,0.000014494685,0.000036493235],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007194973,0.00015508293,0.000239311,0.0001162632,0.000112718466,0.00006858654,0.00024141662,0.00006077112,0.000014264225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010965149,0.00008250056,0.000044353554,0.00038223775,0.000120002966,0.00005911894,0.00013501603,0.00030149778,0.000002208903],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011679465,0.0006349706,0.012980509,0.0071057645,0.0022369756,0.0009093321,0.023930507,0.20430672,0.5636116,0.09000159,0.047410518,0.045703534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026512991,0.00031008228,0.021952348,0.003278849,0.0003610139,0.00020574576,0.004959036,0.14905056,0.77644545,0.012845098,0.026516717,0.0014238072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047256857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014249084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2128338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011258376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004980054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3364275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383334802","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4502683","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Porosity Recognition of Overlap Aluminum Laser Welding; Experimental and Statistical Investigation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Porosity; Welding; Aluminium; Materials science; Metallurgy; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Composite material","score_opus":0.03632022183948561,"score_gpt":0.28287295569124976,"score_spread":0.24655273385176416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383334802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99626297,0.0006688587,0.0020558669,0.00004280299,0.000301115,0.00036627683,0.00006537233,0.00019116043,0.000045550656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997923,0.0014139676,0.00034843583,0.000008635023,0.00014981143,0.000025578447,0.000054374963,0.000050429247,0.000025738505],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836415,0.00009107456,0.00035156833,0.00023970146,0.00028809183,0.0006654405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994834,0.00009650942,0.0001350837,0.00014193123,0.00006555532,0.00007750609],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031415664,0.000244531,0.0003214198,0.00015930537,0.000087315304,0.00005499729,0.00013457755,0.00017560663,0.000008662633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003104643,0.00023379805,0.00005978946,0.00007143611,0.00006248661,0.000052624957,0.00013843311,0.0019977053,0.0000046595496],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0052848877,0.011607626,0.20074503,0.010475151,0.028045252,0.0015672359,0.042239822,0.23577815,0.2877472,0.02890197,0.04446455,0.10314311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034257993,0.007189658,0.08557488,0.001972959,0.00055512023,0.00035422808,0.02397639,0.0018658711,0.34124202,0.5316807,0.00011958464,0.002042749],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017792132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007469364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50277877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044611108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018469138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9534008},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385431894","doi":"10.18280/rcma.330301","title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Assessments of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel and Monel 400 Dissimilar GTAW Weldment","year":2023,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Monel; Metallurgy; Materials science; Microstructure; Gas tungsten arc welding; Austenite; Austenitic stainless steel; Welding; Alloy; Corrosion; Arc welding","score_opus":0.06871135553962072,"score_gpt":0.2973975196817097,"score_spread":0.22868616414208898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385431894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609746,0.026220389,0.009569942,0.00088089344,0.00045883676,0.00078592286,0.00032191988,0.00043829507,0.0003492394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8992833,0.026080014,0.072446615,0.000031137428,0.00012379549,0.000054464883,0.00005120693,0.00012864925,0.0018008486],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979459,0.000157711,0.0005678759,0.00046679404,0.00023611126,0.00062557415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893624,0.00021696118,0.00013381701,0.0003535684,0.00012989246,0.00022954973],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027983726,0.00048176985,0.00069107476,0.0001752703,0.00023847072,0.00023684553,0.00025312608,0.00030882275,0.000038883845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005120495,0.00041005373,0.00010527828,0.000326308,0.00049464026,0.00027153184,0.00044674173,0.00040239433,0.000008490545],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043815922,0.00057572796,0.0107434355,0.07706779,0.0017259853,0.0009627861,0.0066586034,0.122723155,0.68910974,0.025309296,0.0034613733,0.061223965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035405566,0.0022095116,0.062059566,0.027009062,0.0014567743,0.0016401892,0.0026712616,0.2788467,0.55717885,0.0426803,0.017394213,0.003313033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012680187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000035729143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15612353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013246796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033684042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385728869","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118120","title":"Scaling modelling of penetration in high productivity gas tungsten arc welding","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Gas tungsten arc welding; Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Tungsten; Solidus; Thermal conduction; Heat-affected zone; Penetration (warfare); Arc welding; Mechanics; Composite material; Alloy; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.021199270676428832,"score_gpt":0.23937259924722115,"score_spread":0.21817332857079233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385728869","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99041075,0.00036565255,0.008086398,0.00038971394,0.00028141873,0.000084407715,0.0000024986346,0.00035186126,0.000027306856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858195,0.0004279435,0.0135852415,0.0000015971699,0.00012547197,0.000005615254,0.0000015209475,0.00002915313,0.000003924622],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988051,0.000024525212,0.00064967095,0.00011955652,0.00017032654,0.00023079147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940896,0.000030931293,0.00029990662,0.00011941731,0.00011949118,0.000021315887],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074182934,0.0001266937,0.0003883881,0.0008611222,0.000041819825,0.000039126244,0.00024096438,0.00020616304,0.000006132636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012258855,0.00011186377,0.000029680436,0.00070342503,0.000056470028,0.0002273749,0.00005475683,0.00021737868,0.0000011134073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030993546,0.00002718782,0.0003490918,0.00062032253,0.000016639164,0.000032520362,0.00012551079,0.27825,0.7108703,0.00013029121,0.00007008063,0.009477002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017485388,0.000058371457,0.00023748653,0.0007661998,0.000013324299,0.000059911898,0.00008213715,0.004930311,0.9792697,0.0142504275,0.000046153375,0.00011113205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015409069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002707388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2733197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052196297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034568635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45616722},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386215629","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4554457","title":"Residual Vector and Solution Mode Analysis Using Semi-Supervised Machine Learning for Mesh Modification and Cfd Stability Improvement","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual; Stability (learning theory); Computational fluid dynamics; Mode (computer interface); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Algorithm; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.03312460065213713,"score_gpt":0.28261104028586137,"score_spread":0.24948643963372424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386215629","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6529332,0.0032153688,0.34298074,0.00013134148,0.00009064335,0.0003504437,0.000049843482,0.00024404362,0.0000043745454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812871,0.01567436,0.002543673,0.0000029467737,0.00020344302,0.000045637138,0.0001282542,0.00006423913,0.0000502988],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978005,0.000072277726,0.00043526213,0.0003961055,0.00022136462,0.0010744622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936277,0.0000760065,0.00016672806,0.00021122591,0.000097619304,0.000085681044],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013487636,0.00029599393,0.000420388,0.00029960775,0.00030343776,0.00015855004,0.00016001517,0.00026458575,0.0000036657962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006317254,0.00028336825,0.00015327077,0.00018986732,0.0000372357,0.000094968076,0.00017487403,0.0019662133,1.6814664e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001752168,0.000068424124,0.0051725367,0.0011579444,0.0045160404,0.000002256477,0.0007602263,0.9050096,0.0600051,0.0016036622,0.000056170546,0.021472802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003281359,0.00015248264,0.0006811874,0.00007581524,0.000873114,0.000012176197,0.00022646021,0.96315557,0.0055998876,0.028521467,0.000023384266,0.00035033247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00081868214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014549043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34043708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010076849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026666286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386947542","doi":"10.1088/2631-8695/acfc97","title":"Fatigue assessment of welded joints and crack growth considering residual stress","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Research Express","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Structural engineering; Materials science; Butt joint; Joint (building); Butt welding; Stress (linguistics); Crack closure; Stress concentration; Residual; Fracture mechanics; Composite material; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.067081740126075,"score_gpt":0.34941942352576827,"score_spread":0.2823376833996933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386947542","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98955816,0.000580487,0.0051346645,0.00015667288,0.00025927502,0.0004528244,0.000084983105,0.0017434523,0.0020294576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920703,0.0010167997,0.0065076095,0.0000016102862,0.00012670188,0.00009583397,0.000017247856,0.00007981941,0.000084072104],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980013,0.000059331993,0.00033538614,0.0002918892,0.00064609974,0.0006660078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99866533,0.000652202,0.000026079948,0.00035191872,0.0001270914,0.00017739867],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074838084,0.0002201645,0.0003107565,0.00057835743,0.00010588317,0.000092590555,0.00030623368,0.00014181352,0.000032940006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033792513,0.00021907821,0.000045095967,0.0006387516,0.00011021108,0.0001629872,0.00032495914,0.0005901164,0.000004604146],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020235337,0.00009137,0.011747261,0.00581707,0.00032359667,0.0003124833,0.0012099968,0.56168747,0.37600553,0.0054962602,0.03587767,0.0014110422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063031516,0.00015510173,0.03488035,0.0014991265,0.000015746242,0.000014520467,0.00037530018,0.116074085,0.842541,0.0010038771,0.0021563189,0.0006542636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000816017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046844357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46653548,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005775559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002911455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89337504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387144522","doi":"10.1115/gt2023-100896","title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NGB Joints Formed With B/Si Free Braze Alloys","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Brazing; Materials science; Weldability; Ultimate tensile strength; Metallurgy; Boron; Ductility (Earth science); Microstructure; Alloy; Welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Tensile testing; Composite material; Creep; Arc welding","score_opus":0.01261048241399558,"score_gpt":0.19766777669103677,"score_spread":0.1850572942770412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387144522","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974039,0.00014961165,0.00042050428,0.00016781151,0.000038934184,0.0001324002,0.00000992181,0.00070747815,0.0009694104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957428,0.00015105848,0.0038026886,0.000017819155,0.00001934106,0.000008076287,0.0000023392122,0.000020815773,0.00023506551],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99956656,0.0000039152533,0.00010306332,0.00009113534,0.000091152426,0.0001441605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977636,0.000010606303,0.000011651607,0.00014705022,0.000018541978,0.000035757716],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003638886,0.00009313673,0.00012861773,0.00004310327,0.000024873458,0.000017024568,0.00010506478,0.000070693946,0.000026909192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016082731,0.00005523493,0.00001758647,0.00010842318,0.00003803087,0.000047724512,0.000080187834,0.00007438018,0.0000019827046],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004723039,0.00001243341,0.00068554544,0.0007916899,0.00011039028,0.000016747073,0.00029703617,0.0006262557,0.96367735,0.0014561985,0.030285144,0.001993961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021971515,0.000072833755,0.0022314305,0.00011724118,0.000009720332,0.00001536648,0.00007048477,0.00071335613,0.99397314,0.0013906409,0.0010598658,0.00012621368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048352544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008568448,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030295763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000061673636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000055716064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22524151},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387773799","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-38141-6_52","title":"Laser Brazing of Zinc-Coated Automotive Steels with a Focus on Improving Real-Time Quality Control of Vehicle Assembly","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Brazing; Automotive industry; Focus (optics); Production line; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Mechanical engineering; Process (computing); Automated optical inspection; Inspection time; Computer science; Materials science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Metallurgy; Alloy; Optics","score_opus":0.015064377817151843,"score_gpt":0.23912122732187419,"score_spread":0.22405684950472235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387773799","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03851976,0.00012176753,0.0028556224,0.00007999025,0.00014232736,0.0012678339,0.00059969997,0.0035176189,0.9528954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9300893,0.00010698686,0.00076923065,0.00000959518,0.000061775856,0.000017056032,0.000024069006,0.00020683938,0.06871513],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842376,0.000027527165,0.0005884616,0.00030877846,0.00038146914,0.00026999047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856436,0.00046860252,0.00029411376,0.0004035569,0.00019791917,0.000071468356],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023035143,0.00038667867,0.00083081855,0.00019263149,0.000034373006,0.000019582343,0.00021540056,0.00038566184,0.0000983057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039871964,0.0003026379,0.00016205732,0.000074643256,0.00007490834,0.000060843326,0.00006102321,0.0003243399,0.00002197457],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021519475,0.00059029047,0.00036228835,0.012140553,0.010305959,0.00068008655,0.0014909494,0.13551426,0.6223113,0.1445932,0.01487384,0.054985337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016486604,0.0011599604,0.0008213765,0.0031024716,0.00029422692,0.0000036693668,0.00004659644,0.0051590614,0.9836316,0.002774304,0.00026848374,0.0010895978],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00091695087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012572372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89156955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007590175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045693858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387864985","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2023.107890","title":"Experimental analysis of overlap fiber laser welding for aluminum alloys: Porosity recognition and quality inspection","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Automotive industry; Chassis; Laser; Heat-affected zone; Mechanical engineering; Spot welding; Electric resistance welding; Computer science; Composite material; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.028854485273247295,"score_gpt":0.2640997862146525,"score_spread":0.23524530094140522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387864985","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979579,0.000121367586,0.0013652141,0.0000067911033,0.000082388346,0.000096601376,0.000054180375,0.00021268363,0.00010288623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964213,0.00030771727,0.0031383056,0.0000022740178,0.000026968657,0.000021827307,0.000052704654,0.000015787009,0.000013124174],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951684,0.0000045115553,0.00017057352,0.000116398376,0.0000616735,0.00013000438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997897,0.00007830389,0.000020977992,0.00006417066,0.000013341417,0.00003346808],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015282795,0.0000921871,0.00017829073,0.00024455242,0.0000274864,0.000019047382,0.000027496651,0.00006807739,0.0000046625773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024727762,0.00009988605,0.0000415146,0.00034135618,0.000014376724,0.00006828485,0.00002397611,0.000061916464,2.7895226e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022293092,0.000033359483,0.005315241,0.0005162221,0.00031422396,0.0000029825223,0.00050264667,0.9524479,0.039656304,0.00010554515,0.0001500987,0.0009331803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005329663,0.00008177732,0.03279228,0.0001754732,0.00017286345,0.0000013333453,0.0005780318,0.455193,0.5096736,0.000070183916,0.00033801174,0.00039049322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059793896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026207083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4972549,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022398175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000015975484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40732348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388159649","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.10.049","title":"Effect of heat source and Zn-coating type on the geometry and morphology of laser-brazed thin-gauge steels","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"National Research Council Canada; National Research Council","keywords":"Brazing; Materials science; Wetting; Coating; Galvanization; Metallurgy; Composite material; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Substrate (aquarium); Morphology (biology); Filler metal; Galvannealed; Welding; Layer (electronics); Alloy; Arc welding","score_opus":0.01071956570512396,"score_gpt":0.24143279014776292,"score_spread":0.23071322444263898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388159649","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99851465,0.0009785069,0.000059977032,0.00011720632,0.00008353352,0.00008232408,0.0000038888397,0.00005970881,0.000100180645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99848014,0.0012775396,0.00012369266,0.000012425524,0.00005542071,0.000001474374,5.727172e-7,0.000020231042,0.000028524782],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928844,0.000041377247,0.00028231266,0.000077912,0.00017054948,0.00013941748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864846,0.001032921,0.00013756852,0.000091987284,0.000051571,0.00003746588],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051497127,0.00012648951,0.0003024219,0.00018289048,0.000051517243,0.000021155534,0.00014189737,0.00007223944,0.000011252086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034147347,0.000074270116,0.000034595894,0.00016806254,0.000060546645,0.000071231916,0.000060042952,0.00022816357,6.218913e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017168912,0.00015119523,0.014805366,0.033436526,0.0010589409,0.00023687854,0.0038243532,0.8501828,0.058585647,0.000029118342,0.009352521,0.026619786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022116766,0.00067336805,0.0018033236,0.00046464222,0.00003432649,0.00007021102,0.000080985024,0.000047775295,0.996047,0.00013497821,0.00035085843,0.000071366296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012375873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014308673,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9374614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008431614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011564214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30286473},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389140452","doi":"10.1115/pvp2023-106497","title":"Ethylene Oxide Reactor Engineered Weld Repair Case History","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Shell (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Hole drilling method; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Deep hole drilling; Residual; Metallurgy; Strain gauge; Structural engineering; Composite material; Drilling; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.02206029864636043,"score_gpt":0.22134835063604671,"score_spread":0.1992880519896863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389140452","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9301348,0.001499346,0.0012937951,0.0001827965,0.00086051994,0.00020068484,0.000014492276,0.02832624,0.037487328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881914,0.00047963002,0.0050577526,0.000046943238,0.00013192659,0.000033087075,0.000012164315,0.00006468179,0.0059823836],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936116,0.000008242731,0.00015286013,0.00014029765,0.0000974731,0.00023996476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955183,0.000069684036,0.000010129716,0.00027005654,0.000016199778,0.00008211564],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010241017,0.00013138133,0.0001257846,0.00012467447,0.000022492763,0.0000075029825,0.00008695155,0.00011264781,0.00029586628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040011862,0.00011712905,0.000081427694,0.0001613746,0.000015719199,0.000058122096,0.000036667618,0.0001517852,0.0001334294],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002511654,0.000009695488,0.000051309937,0.00012256959,0.000043472974,0.0025032754,0.000110882174,0.004183099,0.01778847,0.0004012062,0.97400916,0.00077435863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016346203,0.000036313773,0.00059365464,0.00004936781,0.00002121187,0.00039256812,0.00009686766,0.011400319,0.12463506,0.000121736026,0.8620433,0.00044609045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033378784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055428834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1119658,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001434398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009898577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47763842},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389262404","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2023.103907","title":"Informing directed energy deposition strategies through understanding the evolution of residual stress","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Additive manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Deposition (geology); Traverse; Stress (linguistics); Distortion (music); Substrate (aquarium); Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Composite material; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.0176198032596856,"score_gpt":0.22894844976083892,"score_spread":0.21132864650115332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389262404","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70456237,0.0004201049,0.25440145,0.00011153363,0.00047203002,0.00029277292,0.00027051722,0.0038547032,0.035614546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919283,0.00028668772,0.00022638698,0.000004987422,0.000119604476,0.00002616313,0.00008204449,0.000027010112,0.000034260258],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916613,0.000028060393,0.00021198431,0.00012665553,0.00020114606,0.000266044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995279,0.00021582321,0.00006164237,0.00015025673,0.000021899094,0.000022522681],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007207297,0.00015379618,0.0001384936,0.00011775146,0.0002004515,0.000060811515,0.0001490669,0.000081784136,0.000023319988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014554616,0.00011828597,0.000051635892,0.00022494409,0.000076289914,0.00036539813,0.00006979646,0.00013645134,0.000003066302],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008876785,0.000050286144,0.00025155031,0.00083150854,0.00073644705,0.00011552379,0.006944375,0.835584,0.018503744,0.10161052,0.017429177,0.017854126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011678646,0.000032948898,0.0032371911,0.00027174846,0.000024324721,0.0000057338434,0.00821469,0.0031959815,0.96388835,0.020414077,0.00039866392,0.00019950743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000663426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031189452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9453846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023361674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001800927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4823562},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389487560","doi":"10.3390/s23249700","title":"Visual Sensing and Depth Perception for Welding Robots and Their Industrial Applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Welding; Robot; Robot welding; Computer vision; Robotics; Computer science; Machine vision; Deep learning; Sensor fusion; Monocular vision; Adaptation (eye); Human–computer interaction; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.031635356507202346,"score_gpt":0.26984986181391957,"score_spread":0.23821450530671723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389487560","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899714,0.000049692513,0.008702498,0.00009944706,0.00006208823,0.00026946724,0.000008746864,0.00063726585,0.00019939926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99789786,0.00022544953,0.0015454117,0.000006233633,0.00023048905,0.000013913302,0.000013589419,0.000022585971,0.000044492564],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99963284,0.000007516436,0.0000798535,0.000111590234,0.000032779,0.00013543057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998043,0.00008374924,0.000011094802,0.0000519847,0.000011236962,0.000037620197],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000707273,0.0000814503,0.000084464526,0.000069703456,0.00010740507,0.00003726992,0.000020180514,0.000086585984,0.0000016584496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014905362,0.00007077957,0.000017792523,0.00011136505,0.00002351459,0.000027162554,0.000020384554,0.00007203304,0.0000023051282],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028006738,0.000014604609,0.0017199086,0.00030681814,0.00009284274,0.000004703349,0.0016345545,0.08097683,0.08272737,0.00020083893,0.0075058113,0.82478774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014882515,0.00021762786,0.018425846,0.0003274264,0.0000879217,0.00008189005,0.0054886686,0.76516014,0.15202856,0.0036159742,0.051891807,0.0011859167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018324832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014086611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8236018,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001258232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000024410774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28863072},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389538131","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118222","title":"Dynamic ideality for electron beam welding","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Rolls-Royce; University of Nottingham; Royal Academy of Engineering","keywords":"Electron beam welding; Welding; Cathode ray; Materials science; Electron; Metallurgy; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.009901170093325572,"score_gpt":0.2788999209218468,"score_spread":0.2689987508285212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389538131","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98885006,0.00071528734,0.0078569185,0.0007646386,0.0004427725,0.00011590915,0.00000975085,0.0012114736,0.0000331784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99027884,0.00046147988,0.009058882,0.000010320774,0.000104855215,0.000018879127,0.000003754491,0.000041682004,0.000021281665],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898964,0.000009007603,0.00046719183,0.00009981173,0.000111007575,0.00032336675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950737,0.000034219556,0.0002027197,0.00011230982,0.00011327432,0.000030082223],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050899485,0.00013233765,0.0003270335,0.0004762846,0.00009007881,0.00006405182,0.00030976662,0.00023370661,0.0000069207467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012800476,0.000111579946,0.000050383198,0.00040375147,0.000047125453,0.00011692155,0.000044870696,0.0001616183,0.0000033247654],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003653148,0.000013766742,0.000023115805,0.0005696915,0.00003871075,0.000018660077,0.000028707014,0.0019647954,0.9836717,0.0001654716,0.0036398761,0.00982895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019416712,0.00014171745,0.00008509729,0.00021482338,0.000023014734,0.00010059608,0.0000349525,0.00029000896,0.9723384,0.022869328,0.0035833272,0.00012459999],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000011456857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011242397,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022703856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073033465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034350924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45500982},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389584937","doi":"10.17118/11143/20929","title":"Autonomous inspection of steel pipe weld lines implementing frequencyanalysis combined with YOLOv5","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Welding; Computer science; Engineering; Marine engineering; Engineering drawing; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.011821697593890389,"score_gpt":0.23449283039586558,"score_spread":0.22267113280197517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389584937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9749811,0.000061928586,0.005468181,0.0001683976,0.00008137362,0.00014856292,0.0000103737075,0.003560334,0.015519739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99630344,0.00011126319,0.0030491785,0.0000056144163,0.000040750645,0.000016778858,0.000020185518,0.000023619641,0.00042919873],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993211,0.000007891442,0.00022695934,0.00011742954,0.00012000878,0.00020661157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968886,0.000032710115,0.00004117776,0.00016254424,0.000045030712,0.000029659548],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001011836,0.0001100229,0.00017699588,0.0001872159,0.0000643376,0.00002036102,0.000100929676,0.000049057944,0.00010570568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010051284,0.00008281063,0.000049111663,0.0006144533,0.000021497322,0.00006676666,0.000035949095,0.00007428356,0.000009433722],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014735348,0.00031370827,0.17053062,0.002188176,0.002856883,0.00014151592,0.0019256084,0.3655883,0.3278121,0.009377569,0.09072401,0.028394125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00049835275,0.00035225166,0.016817454,0.00010375966,0.00013130125,0.000005571749,0.00062750705,0.03600183,0.94069,0.000742005,0.0036192434,0.0004107607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00050407194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065728417,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61287785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024805784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008796683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33769193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390347235","doi":"10.1007/s11661-023-07274-8","title":"Autogenous Dissimilar Welding of Copper-to-Stainless Steel via Electron Beam Welding: A Novel Strategy for Achieving Defect-Free Joints","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Electron beam welding; Indentation hardness; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Base metal; Copper; Composite material; Austenite; Microstructure; Heat-affected zone; Cathode ray; Electron","score_opus":0.025269667376283403,"score_gpt":0.2576033394542382,"score_spread":0.2323336720779548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390347235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71640545,0.00016014765,0.2817542,0.00010411039,0.0001776006,0.00050512556,0.00024147228,0.0005644342,0.00008745728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954887,0.00037842046,0.0036542017,0.000009410044,0.000060435475,0.00020282448,0.000026180987,0.00005674149,0.00012308238],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870443,0.000021333293,0.00040586377,0.000274031,0.00014979894,0.00044454014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994724,0.00009543945,0.00004529703,0.00021323157,0.00003646697,0.00013721234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029142507,0.00023195385,0.00046284942,0.00016420597,0.00020544833,0.0001058765,0.00019360133,0.00015089102,0.00010568718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019031871,0.00021050723,0.00014915482,0.00028524303,0.00004329009,0.0001025474,0.000027426573,0.00010678773,0.0000033541053],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008379176,0.000098977085,0.000001174892,0.00073618424,0.00021081684,0.000009303063,0.0001292258,0.13452467,0.86276156,0.00021474565,0.00017762343,0.0010519578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008419833,0.00040971264,0.00045164995,0.00020047078,0.00023782185,0.000056000616,0.00010029609,0.0032192944,0.9867651,0.0006878892,0.0065381615,0.0004916215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000092603565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037961454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27908322,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029674575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014068756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8584236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390503112","doi":"10.1007/s00170-023-12872-2","title":"Systematic approach to improve overlap laser welding of AA5052-H32 with dissimilar thickness by evaluation of mechanical performance, undercut, and welding penetration","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Undercut; Materials science; Welding; Weldability; Laser beam welding; Oscillation (cell signaling); Laser; Composite material; Spot welding; Metallurgy; Optics","score_opus":0.00818606055909638,"score_gpt":0.24250221856016319,"score_spread":0.2343161580010668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390503112","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9630766,0.0010049428,0.034667276,0.0003895941,0.00028605433,0.00030178967,0.000007350126,0.00009225406,0.00017413855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923338,0.00036866163,0.0071960296,0.000007774242,0.000040109655,0.000021336136,0.0000018716955,0.000021619573,0.00000874465],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870014,0.000026208496,0.0004723772,0.00012705811,0.0005516306,0.0001225615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932396,0.000109492095,0.0001983468,0.00014795181,0.0001921202,0.000028113913],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006713127,0.00013834794,0.00026548436,0.00034732788,0.000034098615,0.000036377547,0.00040146863,0.00010077633,0.000004302477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000075986034,0.00008775577,0.000044489163,0.00012555426,0.000053576332,0.00021905215,0.00008191624,0.00028522397,2.3934462e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017261632,0.00008052852,0.00008346782,0.005493161,0.0009377114,0.000009730816,0.00047334546,0.75828683,0.21751001,0.0022194705,0.00020663382,0.014526458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026384403,0.00017801479,0.0000893416,0.0029574032,0.000126763,0.00016945458,0.00037072605,0.011592438,0.980723,0.0033856675,0.000038359416,0.00010496652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003523539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024014957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.763213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001243466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028761751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3578576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390609769","doi":"10.1007/s00170-023-12875-z","title":"Characterization and modelling of fracture in press-hardened Ductibor® 1000-AS:Usibor® 1500-AS laser-welded blanks","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Fracture (geology); Indentation hardness; Ultimate tensile strength; Tensile testing; Martensite; Microstructure; Composite material; Tension (geology); Metallurgy","score_opus":0.007872883308939562,"score_gpt":0.23802584335923954,"score_spread":0.23015296005029998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390609769","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9782072,0.0013110378,0.017003236,0.0025149875,0.000501613,0.000112086665,0.000009317745,0.00018710762,0.00015344429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921498,0.0055188243,0.0020672246,0.00003723906,0.00012457056,0.0000060373495,0.0000052042533,0.000027081174,0.00006403296],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907327,0.000011498035,0.0003998085,0.00012899161,0.00023797114,0.00014846041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995362,0.0000811523,0.00013632014,0.0001391385,0.00008077123,0.000026386953],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013238881,0.00014960919,0.00021251204,0.00042973994,0.00002438255,0.000047394155,0.00049058616,0.00015436251,0.000023665514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028140634,0.00011025654,0.000051931453,0.00008983081,0.00006578578,0.00023403944,0.00009937949,0.00048774562,0.0000015180527],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001566361,0.00003278319,0.000038643302,0.000121154975,0.0002287779,0.00019952744,0.00037655517,0.87634075,0.098748006,0.00082693226,0.00010695108,0.022823265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023725191,0.00008054107,0.00011076912,0.0004608757,0.000019767958,0.00029685922,0.00007942429,0.0023461112,0.97308075,0.0141289905,0.009049373,0.00010929454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029563453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007807994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8743327,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000075799246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021574873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44961312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391079596","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4454281","title":"Penetration in High Productivity Gas Tungsten Arc Welding","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Gas tungsten arc welding; Penetration (warfare); Welding; Thermal conduction; Heat transfer; Materials science; Tungsten; Mechanics; Arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.014089213063925262,"score_gpt":0.23758850414238925,"score_spread":0.22349929107846397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391079596","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98331237,0.0031775683,0.009447209,0.0010909204,0.0012901244,0.00037643913,0.000007897927,0.00082241825,0.00047505856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.979381,0.018726349,0.00042226096,0.0000036871156,0.00091204036,0.000037771046,0.000022070972,0.000094226474,0.00040056597],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971618,0.00006855855,0.00040213022,0.0003305472,0.00029300703,0.0017439309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945676,0.000039804167,0.00011911133,0.00027992312,0.00004672933,0.000057678302],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014636362,0.00030082453,0.00033903844,0.00036275032,0.000089486784,0.00013362475,0.00040504415,0.000314943,0.000011392979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007691327,0.0002895468,0.00011790254,0.00022691341,0.000022556409,0.000126685,0.00017793172,0.005492878,0.000013273213],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007502252,0.00015583755,0.010435319,0.0009078179,0.00076870306,0.00012911699,0.00048295327,0.9164055,0.003910993,0.018353112,0.003255626,0.04512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040458937,0.00016909372,0.008810062,0.0007959626,0.00006970386,0.00025095238,0.0002302597,0.0026062091,0.011755773,0.9733616,0.0006706659,0.0008751283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00052350905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038141243,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9550085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015843809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006022053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995565},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391389589","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13071-3","title":"Residual stress measurement in engine block—an overview","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Block (permutation group theory); Residual; Stress (linguistics); Cylinder block; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Mathematics; Composite material; Algorithm; Geometry","score_opus":0.023830754241604385,"score_gpt":0.28242691273328363,"score_spread":0.2585961584916793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391389589","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763075,0.016749201,0.0009568972,0.0038199427,0.001371869,0.000102698774,0.000009205359,0.0004928007,0.00018989092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99164695,0.005398552,0.0026459813,0.000024748726,0.00023613719,0.00000733911,0.0000010650766,0.00002647238,0.000012777065],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988955,0.000014273962,0.0003692569,0.00011105641,0.00043262655,0.00017724081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959785,0.000048091522,0.000059675996,0.00017371241,0.00009116231,0.000029508354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032666753,0.00013876562,0.00016599426,0.00052489585,0.000021796792,0.000058016703,0.0008610344,0.000091114474,0.000021981228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045536373,0.0000960226,0.000054592198,0.000118147,0.000043707234,0.00019630523,0.00009697071,0.0005367311,0.0000031672296],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009425906,0.000116082054,0.00010259602,0.00021429853,0.0005154532,0.0011754524,0.00029448737,0.64139456,0.054040857,0.004694443,0.0019255759,0.2954319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022616729,0.00009131589,0.00041653507,0.0008795293,0.000015711843,0.0003229203,0.00010755938,0.00048937317,0.9594503,0.017515132,0.020349078,0.00013635456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009657252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006686313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90540946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024672056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002738231,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3915688},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391503362","doi":"10.29391/2024.103.009","title":"Effect of Wire Preheat and Feed Rate in X80 Steel Laser Root Welds: Part 1 — Microstructure","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Acicular ferrite; Materials science; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Bainite; Welding; Austenite; Microstructure; Gas metal arc welding; Martensite; Ferrite (magnet); Arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Laser beam welding; Acicular; Composite material","score_opus":0.004131299944118686,"score_gpt":0.22629412955627384,"score_spread":0.22216282961215517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391503362","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927292,0.005711263,0.00012877087,0.00012048831,0.0005940973,0.00010799018,0.000009824485,0.00015855081,0.00043985486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986002,0.0008537352,0.00017885171,0.000005802146,0.0002329734,0.0000044661138,0.0000016051602,0.000032949913,0.000089434274],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992167,0.00006706651,0.00025412283,0.00012771878,0.000105747415,0.00022867645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996489,0.00014885436,0.000027457285,0.000089924775,0.000013194283,0.000071670336],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042760832,0.00016619773,0.00023507256,0.00016299172,0.000055499495,0.00014615429,0.00010757844,0.00012761305,0.00006272151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032393687,0.00012206217,0.000063742315,0.00016409045,0.000033297518,0.00013047126,0.000035936722,0.0005072103,0.0000018251368],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005250039,0.0000740359,0.08059519,0.0124844415,0.00093155005,0.0023182535,0.0028950872,0.17468195,0.47387874,0.00029079392,0.13677444,0.11455051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008453545,0.00044434125,0.012893573,0.004095505,0.00008384439,0.0005713481,0.000050832616,0.0031682397,0.95111424,0.0006232686,0.025689702,0.0004197526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009774454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015068679,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4772355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043017393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001208453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49775508},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391503378","doi":"10.29391/2024.103.010","title":"Effect of Wire Preheat and Feed Rate in X80 Steel Laser Root Welds: Part 2 — Mechanical Properties","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Acicular ferrite; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Base metal; Welding; Heat-affected zone; Filler metal; Brittleness; Acicular; Composite material; Toughness; Arc welding; Bainite; Austenite","score_opus":0.009224892644757503,"score_gpt":0.22760988061640336,"score_spread":0.21838498797164585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391503378","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99345285,0.004952128,0.0002139273,0.00017858153,0.00045409173,0.00013565083,0.0000028969914,0.00020535228,0.00040453734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99858963,0.00094154687,0.00012766945,0.000004954164,0.00019515237,0.000011322371,5.5260557e-7,0.00003204473,0.000097099626],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912304,0.000095083764,0.00028601426,0.000129184,0.00013625306,0.00023043709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996736,0.00012656255,0.00002366665,0.00008666476,0.000014800375,0.00007469789],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006662358,0.00015738865,0.00024861452,0.00014466759,0.00005501324,0.00013756844,0.00010972831,0.000111110734,0.00004205688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057644942,0.000106659376,0.00006329439,0.00013889858,0.000030711384,0.00015501435,0.000046682795,0.0004550279,0.0000026712503],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010692289,0.00022224459,0.015805004,0.017953856,0.001267902,0.0023219984,0.0028306078,0.15538825,0.59572047,0.0011189897,0.06262848,0.14367294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046403674,0.00048675793,0.0008962537,0.0038489543,0.000053914504,0.00020133937,0.00003838718,0.009016986,0.97792625,0.0003161548,0.0065021873,0.00024877957],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011642202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014888675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38220575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000448073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014326604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4349443},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391814259","doi":"10.3390/asi7010016","title":"Deep Learning Method to Detect Missing Welds for Joist Assembly Line","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied System Innovation","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canam Group (Canada); École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Joist; Line (geometry); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Speech recognition; Engineering; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.019043667838790666,"score_gpt":0.2907036677723623,"score_spread":0.2716599999335716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391814259","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0062169116,0.00022287808,0.98483825,0.00011149073,0.00029995304,0.0004857526,0.0000027533565,0.0022277676,0.0055942447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84172267,0.000002619702,0.15753798,0.000024282686,0.00032361076,0.00022382432,0.000031392017,0.00005824294,0.00007538528],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909264,0.000014660236,0.0003554983,0.00020983434,0.00012698249,0.00020036269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999617,0.00012805425,0.000034108634,0.00011766778,0.00007504572,0.00002816833],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062836224,0.0001472362,0.0001767371,0.00029351423,0.00011121107,0.0001721116,0.000091303715,0.00013350256,0.0000035184626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030877356,0.00013746468,0.000032135158,0.00097246486,0.0000040586287,0.0000532076,0.000021456093,0.0001678805,0.000018516206],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014817496,0.0000034364396,0.0000032355842,0.0026687107,0.0000714448,0.0000042941956,0.00019430624,0.12757386,0.40448847,0.06256975,0.0025274672,0.39988017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014909919,0.00007905386,0.000037137546,0.0006648303,0.000036465633,0.000015869464,0.00018450683,0.25869945,0.64870155,0.0014502929,0.089599974,0.00038177148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011326422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026320413,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8355057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001402779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009651219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5605647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391991615","doi":"10.1007/s11340-024-01033-5","title":"Residual Stress Determination of Cast Aluminium Benchmark Components Using Strain Relief Techniques","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Horizon 2020; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; Henry Royce Institute","keywords":"Deep hole drilling; Residual stress; Hole drilling method; Materials science; Drilling; Aluminium; Ultimate tensile strength; Metallurgy; Quenching (fluorescence); Stress (linguistics); Residual; Solid mechanics; Precipitation hardening; Composite material; Computer science; Microstructure","score_opus":0.022879869783776347,"score_gpt":0.2834326177902949,"score_spread":0.2605527480065185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391991615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9228016,0.0071044746,0.06143623,0.000038618437,0.0018349951,0.0008362364,0.0005712693,0.0026205934,0.0027559833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9706019,0.00011170363,0.028990418,0.00000600093,0.00013468062,0.000024299841,0.000054351207,0.000058457,0.000018169572],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989834,0.000025265339,0.00030586927,0.00021322262,0.00025240454,0.00021985442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996622,0.00003173682,0.00003651343,0.00019106844,0.000023332252,0.000055139888],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000110138426,0.0002012778,0.00019088652,0.00015485713,0.000053473537,0.000054922606,0.0001771533,0.0001482848,0.00006812904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000061840574,0.00020193416,0.00006630468,0.00015886333,0.000026341484,0.00015991008,0.00008953475,0.00016097985,0.0000024670785],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007078125,0.000062318504,0.000003941925,0.00020899279,0.0000230519,0.00004104889,0.00035503466,0.0001873249,0.99370337,0.0018208304,0.00044913677,0.0031378495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059368405,0.0001308374,0.0000060957186,0.0004885037,0.00001443179,0.000025966274,0.00029377796,0.03884141,0.958876,0.0004332636,0.0006249071,0.00020543263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000056842906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000039168594,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047800317,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013985528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014918452,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8234636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392762704","doi":"10.21070/pels.v7i0.1469","title":"Analysis of Weld Joint Strength on Galvanized Material Using Rb-26 Electrode","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Procedia of Engineering and Life Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Encana (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Galvanization; Electrode; Welding; Materials science; Joint (building); Metallurgy; Composite material; Structural engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.011207259089502233,"score_gpt":0.23361302725336683,"score_spread":0.2224057681638646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392762704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954722,0.00055600575,0.00312773,0.000014411054,0.0002355115,0.000057410594,0.00001568728,0.00037843586,0.00014263831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960955,0.0001812051,0.0036317476,0.0000026101309,0.000063679945,0.000003369689,0.0000011110227,0.00001781478,0.000003011353],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918234,0.0000025091438,0.000212019,0.00018278584,0.00021302767,0.00020733848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997132,0.00003877512,0.000022487124,0.00011227855,0.00003529186,0.00007796701],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020376476,0.00011813358,0.00023596942,0.00055927393,0.000028034347,0.00005127504,0.0001262768,0.00004180176,0.000012448508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000118643096,0.00010025896,0.00005193595,0.0011920646,0.00006829345,0.00010109662,0.00003234994,0.00009351045,3.1513116e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000072618063,0.000013637051,0.00014051772,0.0006855282,0.0001539904,0.0000022902464,0.00018864736,0.4069896,0.59015423,0.00096632476,0.000064557156,0.0006334132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000034092856,0.00004541302,0.0008125456,0.00016942286,0.00009834088,0.0000015107839,0.000009696127,0.4855514,0.5130459,0.000017852648,0.00010568104,0.00010815032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022539865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.0327214e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07856177,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025679425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000417592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40884417},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392961938","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2024.118383","title":"Effect of laser beam wobbling and welding speed in X80 steel wire-fed laser root welds","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Laser beam welding; Welding; Laser; Acicular ferrite; Composite material; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Microstructure; Optics; Bainite; Austenite","score_opus":0.005825826319322982,"score_gpt":0.25175286000801517,"score_spread":0.24592703368869218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392961938","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944571,0.003999981,0.0002799581,0.00026090498,0.00045036164,0.00011221089,0.0000049084088,0.00035295682,0.000081598366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998196,0.00039366193,0.001204952,0.0000039672436,0.00013532778,0.000004354107,8.2645585e-7,0.000046152338,0.000014764286],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987543,0.000038249764,0.0006475169,0.00015010999,0.0001534462,0.0002563674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995316,0.00010055179,0.0001632349,0.00011406571,0.000052564814,0.000037973525],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008464591,0.00020365251,0.0005618743,0.00083683775,0.00003784774,0.00012032143,0.00022918559,0.00034398102,0.000020922298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012985921,0.00015541316,0.000045082954,0.0004369644,0.000091314614,0.00022820408,0.00008560244,0.000358992,0.0000012771936],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023324335,0.000039500213,0.0012182501,0.005439092,0.000104652165,0.00036328778,0.00016084044,0.0047189407,0.9615768,0.00005058455,0.00054475,0.025550012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036218992,0.0004044933,0.00011623772,0.0026675991,0.00004805849,0.00022996672,0.000034223416,0.0002490598,0.9943049,0.00089856004,0.0005387504,0.00014599026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000068239788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042101087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032728024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005506429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030537038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63375646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393299548","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4777107","title":"Compressive Behavior and Deformation Mechanisms of Gradient Microstructures in a Dissimilar Welded Joint","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Joint (building); Deformation (meteorology); Welding; Microstructure; Materials science; Structural engineering; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.0072332607282145234,"score_gpt":0.2264681305499869,"score_spread":0.21923486982177237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393299548","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97827923,0.014136942,0.006458557,0.00009455133,0.0004334495,0.00034243293,0.000044289824,0.00012307041,0.000087460015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891577,0.009904907,0.000773813,0.000003860781,0.000060061666,0.000029730854,0.000015971136,0.000039439034,0.000014529656],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838823,0.000029757946,0.00044577668,0.00016663321,0.00017148544,0.00079813023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996342,0.000008942716,0.00013153335,0.00014159582,0.00003302581,0.000050702776],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003304244,0.0002476739,0.0003401318,0.00028510854,0.000041904364,0.00007236832,0.00018240212,0.00024481042,0.0000065442982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008818609,0.00020193387,0.00011115414,0.00007601351,0.000033752352,0.00004194656,0.00024612373,0.0030111326,4.994293e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030122616,0.000530543,0.0019128929,0.011822558,0.0031526433,0.00047840175,0.009116468,0.16678499,0.33979902,0.34494197,0.002279192,0.118880115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024198723,0.00012425036,0.0013553194,0.0009216491,0.00013110532,0.00046750598,0.0004112814,0.0014445143,0.09344779,0.9011161,0.00003252409,0.00030600926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009832162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033160512,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5561741,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005060556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021216084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999289},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394688238","doi":"10.3233/atde240152","title":"Study of Pulsed Laser Beam Welding of Nickel-Based Superalloy G27","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in transdisciplinary engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"GKN Aerospace Services; VINNOVA","keywords":"Superalloy; Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Laser beam welding; Laser beams; Nickel; Laser; Optics; Microstructure; Physics","score_opus":0.009209807086019409,"score_gpt":0.2413540582322912,"score_spread":0.2321442511462718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394688238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7380625,0.098274596,0.00759339,0.00006460543,0.0038194985,0.003653331,0.00054397003,0.003209357,0.14477877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935504,0.0025670873,0.0011295292,0.0000010210899,0.000098292,0.000063874715,0.00003199212,0.00024306896,0.0023147285],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99806994,0.000004863578,0.00085170456,0.00040718948,0.00032939663,0.00033692934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992478,0.00014025689,0.000066658184,0.00044084035,0.000036349516,0.000068109344],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013146807,0.0005604367,0.0008432888,0.00062667136,0.000024122342,0.000013357093,0.00040782412,0.0003026635,0.00005584404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000054641473,0.0005608842,0.00021406563,0.00018657175,0.000058148795,0.00018821844,0.00006740265,0.00068533636,0.0000029567911],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022814891,0.000076426724,0.000045465364,0.0031775823,0.00010385914,0.0001255091,0.0007273749,0.99445915,0.000625943,0.00031379735,0.000017421466,0.00030464804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010328645,0.00853596,0.0009637037,0.07457553,0.0027119387,0.00011065847,0.004430272,0.14212818,0.6569001,0.025229514,0.06109327,0.012992203],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000051864795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052518426,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.852331,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009261682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001998435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394745840","doi":"10.62913/engj.v43i1.870","title":"Effect of Loading Angle on the Behavior of Fillet Welds","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Buckland & Taylor (Canada)","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Fillet weld; Toughness; Fillet (mechanics); Composite material; Structural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0035995876498676332,"score_gpt":0.19760641308545654,"score_spread":0.1940068254355889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394745840","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99443746,0.0004651807,0.0036177663,0.000020095957,0.0002587709,0.000099613775,0.0000054213956,0.00011243034,0.0009832636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99902296,0.00003940661,0.0007175767,0.0000012502157,0.000158205,0.000010494581,7.111616e-7,0.00002358477,0.000025792291],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994534,0.0000145298945,0.00020155766,0.000043599266,0.00014380811,0.00014306871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964166,0.00016552427,0.00004174438,0.00010896278,0.000016626607,0.000025469086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024015085,0.00010762113,0.00015438913,0.000089645495,0.000031313295,0.000014886043,0.00014403927,0.000054510583,0.000053472162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033687855,0.00006881887,0.00008810781,0.000104608815,0.000014083502,0.000029670506,0.000012984981,0.00024978133,0.0000013013481],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014668094,0.0000360098,0.0014824959,0.00023241398,0.000053471005,0.000035436206,0.000044573004,0.8635501,0.1209971,0.0006155305,0.010109117,0.0028290586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016067292,0.0002521335,0.0025267757,0.00027217425,0.00002896834,0.00005772316,0.0000034128298,0.003983599,0.99056756,0.000018484838,0.0020213039,0.000107201755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008927322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.942581e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86957043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024166698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000029942635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2806352},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394962309","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2024.2342342","title":"A study on effect of laser overlay welding parameters of stainless steel 301 LN: tensile test, microstructure analysis and microhardness evaluation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding International","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Indentation hardness; Materials science; Microstructure; Welding; Metallurgy; Overlay; Ultimate tensile strength; Tensile testing; Laser; Composite material; Optics; Computer science","score_opus":0.010718994430333034,"score_gpt":0.2852497021665875,"score_spread":0.2745307077362545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394962309","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978108,0.00027679256,0.00046906652,0.000031851763,0.0004177803,0.0003456361,0.000112756345,0.00012841703,0.00040688866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993622,0.000037491856,0.0004226578,0.0000054755988,0.00005460442,0.000032374184,0.000029239682,0.000024975248,0.000030993266],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883235,0.0000578885,0.000307464,0.00025367906,0.00041515523,0.00013347388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912995,0.00050674606,0.00006799026,0.0001605237,0.00010170895,0.000033088425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004764949,0.00018295507,0.0003034547,0.0004942335,0.000032413427,0.00007692918,0.00016501917,0.00008220704,0.00005253361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001547773,0.00014908703,0.00012421665,0.00038742364,0.000040252566,0.000089769506,0.000057190093,0.00016580347,9.539395e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023618645,0.00026661262,0.3125826,0.0013026888,0.008258994,0.000090687165,0.0023325812,0.37880826,0.27984723,0.0001347488,0.0037584212,0.012380969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006245069,0.00044837024,0.07170481,0.0005129549,0.0010312259,0.000010337176,0.00029858734,0.03455115,0.8902909,0.00010789336,0.00015289115,0.00026637255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000052717773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000123340615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61044365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001040498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000124527805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6079593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395011122","doi":"10.3390/met14040484","title":"Evaluation of Melting Efficiency in Cold Wire Gas Metal Arc Welding Using 1020 Steel as Substrate","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Materials science; Gas metal arc welding; Welding; Metallurgy; Substrate (aquarium); Arc (geometry); Arc welding; Submerged arc welding; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.05202631705740638,"score_gpt":0.31357110699631485,"score_spread":0.26154478993890845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395011122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98754835,0.0070914025,0.0013675395,0.000027325284,0.00020898227,0.00025430144,0.000005346029,0.000258498,0.0032382372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977089,0.00008176343,0.0020707275,0.0000027250135,0.00005582384,0.000016558914,0.000002167416,0.000030829673,0.000030488314],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986738,0.00008395563,0.0003599563,0.00018223737,0.00048301156,0.0002170232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966115,0.000069805086,0.0000397678,0.00013321069,0.00006354409,0.00003253843],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018315859,0.0001417485,0.0002414117,0.00022588219,0.000033801127,0.000058326623,0.00011634669,0.00007587541,0.00009016123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011928125,0.00012741442,0.000084799896,0.00044324124,0.000025224743,0.0001705391,0.000032204323,0.000148805,0.000008482019],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002181424,0.000022497805,0.00008645759,0.0003176999,0.00009732721,0.000016096177,0.00029189218,0.5453793,0.44800654,0.00069823605,0.000052221752,0.005029563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009156884,0.00001747156,0.00008969133,0.0003336303,0.00014170965,0.000006196928,0.000060541854,0.3455807,0.6528069,0.00052620133,0.00022787532,0.0001175407],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012069742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000033994213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20480034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113304915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049166414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5195809},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395660785","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-09452-0","title":"X-ray Microscopic and Thermodynamic Model Assessments of Softening in TIG-Welded AA 6061-T651","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Softening; Welding; Gas tungsten arc welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Arc welding","score_opus":0.007574619072619365,"score_gpt":0.23217396287737688,"score_spread":0.22459934380475752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395660785","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99152464,0.0024774915,0.005550445,0.000010678886,0.00030525864,0.00004177461,0.000007257446,0.00005306044,0.000029367522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890038,0.0035268376,0.0073693627,0.0000020635546,0.00005801484,0.000002249732,7.9065956e-7,0.000022590733,0.000014291237],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939513,0.000005897108,0.00031893753,0.000065419525,0.00008336399,0.00013126772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998355,0.000025783147,0.000038126243,0.00005247066,0.000015218324,0.000032913864],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023221869,0.00011556377,0.00023358238,0.00016243772,0.000013343206,0.000049275615,0.000064586595,0.0000655502,0.000005041009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055610194,0.000092863884,0.000018854793,0.00006505443,0.000013555831,0.00017600234,0.000022390097,0.0001355889,2.1846006e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014390064,0.000005877294,0.00028954973,0.001661684,0.000032295586,0.00001025587,0.00016700382,0.35658672,0.6397206,0.00002732105,0.000028036653,0.0014562265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002161417,0.000116049654,0.006459719,0.0021410538,0.000020814918,0.000060865932,0.000010297392,0.7386966,0.25196862,0.000039662886,0.00011641945,0.00015378848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000046726545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.4680167e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.387752,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022418375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000121488365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37868792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396518707","doi":"10.18280/ijht.420223","title":"Prediction of the Metallurgical Structure after Surface Heat Treatment of XC42 Steel","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"","keywords":"Metallurgy; Materials science","score_opus":0.007418362200885448,"score_gpt":0.22951630245961588,"score_spread":0.22209794025873042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396518707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98965615,0.00783691,0.00041021526,0.0012919003,0.00058429985,0.00004313265,0.00005320641,0.00004323328,0.0000809372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99804324,0.0014707922,0.00038533652,0.0000029248774,0.00006410743,9.645453e-7,8.3944764e-7,0.0000064454375,0.000025346351],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995433,0.000006723557,0.00021643516,0.000048254995,0.00013268003,0.00005257899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998074,0.000024859044,0.000019205616,0.000058505822,0.00007694556,0.00001304452],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000028067694,0.00006555296,0.00013231074,0.00013117555,0.00000803804,0.000009412752,0.000119748016,0.00009780345,0.000035463934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000057650827,0.00003668987,0.00006322566,0.00008953167,0.00007388284,0.000052853593,0.00002602952,0.0001052602,1.3465005e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004704285,0.0004709713,0.053584144,0.0005640588,0.0056134197,0.000659043,0.0010685583,0.060853202,0.8005942,0.016512614,0.0035977534,0.056011602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006464234,0.00074056344,0.009567507,0.0005747971,0.00013213677,0.0014503979,0.00009622463,0.0070145708,0.93547857,0.008364526,0.03581981,0.00011449645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009014282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044050157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13488434,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039937313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001315929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14961696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396806795","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2024.1.001","title":"Optimization of laser welded ASTM A36 mild steel with different laser beam oscillation patterns utilizing experimental and simulation data","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Laser; Oscillation (cell signaling); Beam (structure); Laser beams; Laser beam welding; Optics; Structural engineering; Acoustics; Composite material; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.020050712750646182,"score_gpt":0.2553361007207679,"score_spread":0.23528538797012172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396806795","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41011453,0.00051038107,0.5883837,0.000007678521,0.00022545578,0.00016191977,0.000056462068,0.0005255492,0.000014379113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99326956,0.00018292709,0.006247729,0.000002792787,0.000080301106,0.000011668339,0.00012982408,0.00006633329,0.0000088797115],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992327,0.0000064413225,0.00020438845,0.00022339041,0.00016687573,0.0001662115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959373,0.000053610675,0.00002382005,0.00025923972,0.000019201003,0.000050412018],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006990756,0.00018931723,0.00017326635,0.000120057586,0.00002991949,0.00006280644,0.00011297405,0.00009139611,0.000018052506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000115643525,0.00016582699,0.000021935663,0.00011964224,0.000004955689,0.00021986703,0.00008714793,0.00012577453,4.4979402e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005689675,0.00001243986,0.000025026182,0.00027698762,0.000044361306,0.000002963732,0.000101570564,0.99435014,0.004897578,0.000063218,0.000028370865,0.00019165497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011865185,0.000050849663,0.000055011682,0.0003440721,0.000026215605,0.0000027274286,0.000043744334,0.81279564,0.18624146,0.000006285521,0.00016052506,0.00015482119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000055036676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002927238,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58315504,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045106397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005807597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6762228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396858030","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-09731-0","title":"Improvement of sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance of the Inconel 625/X80 weld overlay by post-weld heat treatment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Overlay; Welding; Metallurgy; Solid mechanics; Inconel 625; Cracking; Corrosion; Sulfide; Stress corrosion cracking; Inconel; Composite material","score_opus":0.00668863145966472,"score_gpt":0.23369501604484777,"score_spread":0.22700638458518305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396858030","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99618626,0.0015202308,0.00028051157,0.00030115817,0.0012986413,0.00012627343,0.00012822912,0.000029680226,0.00012903973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986039,0.00075969356,0.00045197588,0.000012670476,0.000073515606,0.0000025874326,6.3583116e-7,0.0000127736475,0.0000822931],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986408,0.000021635306,0.000555681,0.00012267973,0.00046866073,0.0001905396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936914,0.000070205635,0.00017015707,0.00020269105,0.0001345454,0.00005324286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054404803,0.0001287994,0.0002651282,0.00010151266,0.00007716596,0.00010983014,0.00042586366,0.000046393576,0.00004185654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055163786,0.00007335101,0.000078608355,0.0002323132,0.00016437826,0.00024562626,0.00008608807,0.0000755735,5.6334875e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027697122,0.0000332226,0.00006797776,0.00021186352,0.000009782064,0.00000618287,0.00016215106,0.0013946295,0.99657094,0.00004648632,0.001195156,0.00027392284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011174293,0.00023601143,0.00072946347,0.0012522346,0.000022789916,0.000010481307,0.000073313015,0.00005718566,0.99657273,0.00012057164,0.0007372962,0.00007615613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012280892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001944075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0024176189,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020257446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011126221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29911676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398206569","doi":"10.18280/acsm.480205","title":"Comparative Analysis of Electrode Type on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in AISI 5155 Low Alloy Steel Welds","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Metallurgy; Alloy; Electrode; Alloy steel","score_opus":0.03139517241538378,"score_gpt":0.2825155057609177,"score_spread":0.25112033334553396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398206569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99748415,0.0015646345,0.00018832146,0.000069489,0.00005640066,0.0000862669,0.000009038132,0.00012701852,0.0004147047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977571,0.0005056692,0.0016529297,0.000028435783,0.000016923359,0.0000050929525,0.0000025800466,0.0000085083175,0.000022767092],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991481,0.000018280833,0.00016307687,0.00022812236,0.00017180531,0.00027063096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969923,0.000039818267,0.000016912514,0.00013735001,0.000046347315,0.00006033026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021360033,0.00012965091,0.00024471458,0.00040705304,0.00006121507,0.00010199438,0.00021776267,0.000064402746,0.00001737084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033796656,0.00009475397,0.0000470875,0.0012967181,0.00031576163,0.00010578129,0.00004826887,0.00017798718,0.0000025921713],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006736375,0.00004756914,0.00083526445,0.00041696816,0.00024300271,0.000023912218,0.002637137,0.11400138,0.8762374,0.0033754525,0.0005281174,0.0015864294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007151076,0.00024323154,0.03161173,0.00039776939,0.00009304151,0.00001429111,0.00017671373,0.20706806,0.7583746,0.0013132857,0.0003976985,0.00023808943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003565211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011961825,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11786283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060765746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055726072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38639545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399286018","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-09283-z","title":"Measurement and Control of Residual Stress of High-Grade and Large-Diameter Welded Pipe for Oil and Gas Transportation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Welding; Composite material; Fossil fuel; Stress (linguistics); Forensic engineering; Petroleum engineering; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Waste management; Engineering","score_opus":0.008927638631691005,"score_gpt":0.20102281910369182,"score_spread":0.19209518047200083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399286018","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98846984,0.0073772855,0.0037382767,0.000053208118,0.00018704604,0.000041564366,0.00010743346,0.00002402104,0.0000013226736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897592,0.008443483,0.0016842826,0.0000015799902,0.00008847915,0.0000041065996,0.0000016749837,0.000014960234,0.0000022387724],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994303,0.000006154478,0.00030208752,0.000060203918,0.00010533358,0.00009593259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979097,0.000038133217,0.0000554445,0.000035047877,0.00004356049,0.00003685079],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003271611,0.000096967735,0.0002525666,0.00009019272,0.00001618746,0.000030127541,0.00002751499,0.0000523765,0.0000019940119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011266058,0.00007638523,0.000015946642,0.000026814603,0.000017920926,0.00010725179,0.0000038650146,0.000055522636,1.0799149e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025336863,0.00002661493,0.0010066055,0.01940772,0.00029184142,0.000007717127,0.00073239714,0.011630847,0.9526332,0.00013650961,0.000116818934,0.013756382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080603355,0.00032663075,0.011249189,0.0018991863,0.00010735701,0.00002701213,0.000021584998,0.004105081,0.98081434,0.000036680947,0.00048589378,0.00012098372],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008042441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002310553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02818119,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000063260486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005985545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3114899},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400353046","doi":"10.3390/ma17133315","title":"Effects of Heat Input and Intertrack Overlap on the Microstructure and Properties of Inconel 686 Weld Overlays","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Teck (Canada); University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Teck Resources; Mitacs","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Superalloy; Microstructure; Dilution; Metallurgy; Inconel; Volume fraction; Weld pool; Arc welding; Composite material; Gas tungsten arc welding; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.006386246321500895,"score_gpt":0.19113455804259394,"score_spread":0.18474831172109304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400353046","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99648315,0.0028141576,0.000008541566,0.000079788864,0.0002427398,0.00016838101,0.000028627426,0.000082808285,0.00009183137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993794,0.00046187802,0.000052733965,0.000019350458,0.000042671265,0.0000092539585,7.965422e-7,0.000015833439,0.00001808768],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99964863,0.00001863235,0.00013044028,0.000079633595,0.000049724986,0.0000729655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998293,0.0000600829,0.000011454667,0.00007899814,0.0000073717333,0.00001281622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006351216,0.000093663206,0.00016210067,0.000031550033,0.00001575732,0.000054816916,0.000051812738,0.000059994087,0.000016943864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018522529,0.000051294068,0.000014342143,0.000029193234,0.00006330096,0.000033334,0.000049969745,0.000045998135,6.697603e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016750255,0.0000032069377,0.000029098834,0.0025187922,0.000026792906,0.0000026302996,0.00028301092,0.000018641153,0.99600774,0.0002767361,0.00066670764,0.00014991267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000051851068,0.00006034591,0.001254262,0.0010785647,0.000013235017,0.000006579611,0.00001786277,0.00003529743,0.99676466,0.00028512627,0.0003728025,0.000059439168],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000065186025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015849994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0028962705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006882343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000030150766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20917113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400728538","doi":"10.1109/rose62198.2024.10591033","title":"Swish-ResNet Method for Faulty Weld Detection","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Residual neural network; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Deep learning","score_opus":0.01107077931729115,"score_gpt":0.288648752495356,"score_spread":0.2775779731780648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400728538","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.002253014,0.0006548967,0.9819798,0.00013619162,0.000496972,0.00014723,0.000010465861,0.0026164784,0.011704946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8903715,0.00012443776,0.1077554,0.000031042455,0.00030947753,0.00009238117,0.000005768312,0.00004125987,0.0012687255],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99964726,0.0000046213418,0.00008115434,0.000101137135,0.00004684829,0.00011895582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998046,0.00008072509,0.000002952535,0.00007650275,0.000009879981,0.00002534184],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008744128,0.00007206259,0.00006550275,0.000049478334,0.000027793018,0.000056075758,0.00005271348,0.00007069757,0.00007598769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011462802,0.00005578588,0.000051934923,0.00008910087,0.0000041694416,0.000051813582,0.000010977469,0.000073886404,0.00001398191],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012590055,0.000014214374,0.000012217004,0.0010340496,0.00015310067,0.000011157921,0.00012126579,0.022518069,0.08230894,0.007526553,0.20082931,0.68545854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000031596628,0.000028989172,0.000025739504,0.000027301054,0.000011527217,0.0000052900286,0.000008647784,0.117761046,0.5724486,0.0040374515,0.3055212,0.00009257925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000065411674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055271732,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8881185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021751228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000027874003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22748822},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401064978","doi":"10.18280/acsm.480302","title":"Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology: An Analysis of the Effect of Variations in TIG Welding Parameters on Tensile Strength and Hardness Using SUS 304 Material","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Box–Behnken design; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Response surface methodology; Gas tungsten arc welding; Indentation hardness; Composite material; Welding; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Chemistry; Chromatography","score_opus":0.05540049224849325,"score_gpt":0.33134227936194816,"score_spread":0.2759417871134549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401064978","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99735063,0.00013528467,0.0020095487,0.000033372908,0.00018942339,0.00012592023,0.00005540859,0.000079524965,0.000020870304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98334605,0.000058739115,0.016557733,0.0000047040116,0.000010513776,0.0000037255174,0.000002317247,0.0000126703635,0.000003534601],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877536,0.0003407385,0.00022595456,0.00022918884,0.00018320739,0.00024554014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989179,0.0006971101,0.000048557606,0.00025135677,0.000031852633,0.000053227788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002041932,0.0001304652,0.00028785306,0.00035465663,0.00010473219,0.00009224299,0.00027365267,0.00006896628,0.0000094351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044257756,0.00009037167,0.00007377461,0.0013584503,0.0004151587,0.00017519758,0.00007545807,0.00011451991,2.2108469e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001797846,0.000018378183,0.010285968,0.00022069915,0.00012596462,0.000009531093,0.0010868335,0.5416575,0.44515133,0.00025647672,0.00001980431,0.0009877554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007182391,0.00014705752,0.070680074,0.0002337641,0.00018016271,0.0000068947706,0.00011895944,0.16931432,0.75892174,0.00020778188,0.000007422756,0.00010997921],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031842722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055162647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37234315,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000083221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058511487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.368525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401379398","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2024.07.002","title":"The influence of joint geometry on the interfacial bonding in laser-brazed flare joints of automotive steels","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manufacturing Letters","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Pembina Manitou Area Foundation; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canadian Bureau for International Education; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Brazing; Groove (engineering); Materials science; Joint (building); Laser; Welding; Composite material; Deformation (meteorology); Irradiation; Metallurgy; Optics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.010625730749234901,"score_gpt":0.21457570215176094,"score_spread":0.20394997140252605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401379398","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973536,0.000093746836,0.000084086474,0.0016732685,0.00020848343,0.00016680268,0.000013066611,0.00017514748,0.00023176523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997049,0.000033169217,0.000050277613,0.00010544414,0.00003686552,0.000011172146,9.349453e-7,0.000023210108,0.000034012264],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912477,0.000030894375,0.0002916483,0.00014038269,0.00019210906,0.00022018039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939924,0.00030459563,0.000043349373,0.0002226987,0.0000100550005,0.000020055293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025856684,0.00014805583,0.00017063347,0.00017876577,0.000054145126,0.000055319964,0.00025959744,0.000053104617,0.000015839587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006338922,0.00008636307,0.00007885387,0.00014852498,0.00008942563,0.00007003188,0.00008914731,0.00034870036,0.000005765467],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005658841,0.00003913449,0.0007816431,0.0013306257,0.00031157798,0.00012305031,0.0030995738,0.75326717,0.22122756,0.0007303113,0.012453554,0.0065791933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059636008,0.000025136998,0.021581674,0.0007837152,0.00000714423,0.0000019013062,0.00008831145,0.00017827444,0.9757246,0.00018907902,0.0012619339,0.00009862328],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006393837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011462113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.754497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000076564196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000061374735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3521784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401381624","doi":"10.29391/2024.103.028","title":"Al2O3-MnS Inclusions and Pitting Corrosion in the Weld Heat-Affected Zone","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Metallurgy; Materials science; Pitting corrosion; Heat-affected zone; Corrosion; Forensic engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.008122499918458183,"score_gpt":0.23795463837585176,"score_spread":0.2298321384573936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401381624","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740963,0.0071885036,0.014027138,0.0015738474,0.0007357758,0.0001336138,0.0000032952298,0.00044501774,0.0017964964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99658626,0.0018813779,0.0010684879,0.000058987236,0.00034298946,0.00000565464,0.0000013400062,0.000026133865,0.000028777515],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991861,0.000055163822,0.00021805216,0.00011381377,0.00017820514,0.00024866484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996125,0.00020329557,0.000013979931,0.00009597703,0.0000129096015,0.000061314735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056279736,0.00012934863,0.00012635288,0.00018026381,0.0002928083,0.0003162255,0.00016734921,0.00008709831,0.00004162943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054004926,0.00008388608,0.000048465146,0.00029111712,0.000026586957,0.00013330994,0.00008152297,0.00074662716,0.0000041194266],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006431539,0.00029486514,0.01272684,0.0017500693,0.0002317798,0.004923225,0.023570377,0.11533745,0.41768196,0.004270376,0.2612361,0.15791263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028401911,0.0012297431,0.066362105,0.02353896,0.00042937548,0.019072972,0.005952937,0.4012743,0.13915658,0.01610502,0.32070106,0.0033367423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038247163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003181408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28593686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055162764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013248835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3420775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401479348","doi":"10.56952/arma-2024-0621","title":"<i>3DEC</i> Modelling Exploration of Residual Stress Mechanisms","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Stress (linguistics); Computer science; Residual stress; Residual; Materials science; Algorithm","score_opus":0.02909833873755472,"score_gpt":0.2363583532151541,"score_spread":0.2072600144775994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401479348","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008738156,0.0011058974,0.98018765,0.00007268081,0.00021999708,0.000078119985,0.000017168584,0.0013054573,0.008274861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9683979,0.0006601843,0.030566923,0.000005184399,0.00007180748,0.000011953253,0.000010282386,0.000027772294,0.0002479502],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951375,0.0000057175316,0.00015225618,0.000099328325,0.00012110633,0.00010785853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981385,0.000029009809,0.0000070594683,0.00010797757,0.000017548466,0.000024566394],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006147,0.000083780964,0.00008820455,0.00007418262,0.000017411126,0.000039182778,0.00007799609,0.000061208564,0.000057129393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000020515674,0.00006897612,0.00003212174,0.00012258116,0.00000977473,0.00022684934,0.00001885628,0.00007815805,0.000008933595],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002122615,0.000008249481,0.0000014858288,0.0003425359,0.000026255891,0.000007681611,0.00017143822,0.93021536,0.00916025,0.052871775,0.0052151945,0.001977634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002287324,0.000021398933,5.124184e-7,0.00016337495,0.000009218823,0.0000010422652,0.0000679058,0.26251665,0.7084884,0.027385581,0.0012332659,0.00008978675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034910016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000073830906,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9596598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000123441605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000065914064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28127646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401548804","doi":"10.1080/17445302.2024.2387509","title":"Innovations and challenges in marine steels for polar icebreaker manufacturing – a comprehensive review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ships and Offshore Structures","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Chantiers Chibougamau (Canada); Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Shipbuilding; Weldability; Arctic; Welding; The arctic; Automotive industry; Marine engineering; Engineering; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Oceanography; Geography","score_opus":0.09883925104773346,"score_gpt":0.32547233072119225,"score_spread":0.2266330796734588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401548804","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007155229,0.9978394,0.0000042327306,0.00018367116,0.00017199738,0.0010146254,0.00023784187,0.00018140732,0.0002952711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00012078794,0.9982922,0.00095572654,0.000031797917,0.00017995745,0.00015682747,0.00016195244,0.000080907426,0.000019806424],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879515,0.000030520918,0.0004512887,0.00036857565,0.000096077,0.00025839233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999513,0.00012530899,0.00006382536,0.00021262732,0.000026599006,0.00005865777],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010387323,0.00046080723,0.0011459758,0.0002506797,0.000054760563,0.00007356022,0.00013609063,0.00027953723,0.000016139691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001889115,0.00032200577,0.00012061587,0.0001408283,0.000049988237,0.00004914354,0.00015256788,0.00047015396,6.722634e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.3716193e-7,0.0000017309419,0.0000013363276,0.24598725,0.0001054913,0.000009782508,0.000028032717,0.0000020934444,1.8693653e-7,0.0014390516,0.001866628,0.7505575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005526405,0.000022604903,0.00012293759,0.029845884,0.00039250296,0.00007783031,0.000021580676,0.000002735595,0.0000148412655,0.0045774626,0.9645161,0.00035022775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015993703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007488567,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9626495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003166678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020118812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999232},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401924668","doi":"10.18280/rcma.340404","title":"A Comparative Study Between Oxy-Acetylene and Shielded Metal Arc Welds of AISI 5160 Low Alloy Steel","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metallurgy; Alloy; Materials science; Shielded cable; Shielded metal arc welding; Acetylene; Arc (geometry); Arc welding; Welding; Filler metal; Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.06226649824473891,"score_gpt":0.3059039573280834,"score_spread":0.2436374590833445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401924668","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98120356,0.0050219498,0.010694407,0.00004513326,0.00013479067,0.00056078186,0.00008316948,0.00070982723,0.0015464112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9739373,0.0006226698,0.025036747,0.0000068395607,0.00011754727,0.000045919074,0.000023479668,0.00006271581,0.00014678085],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860525,0.000102601676,0.00044633885,0.0003418874,0.00018572371,0.0003181937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990504,0.00041512394,0.000053297234,0.00029611093,0.00006628101,0.0001187807],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025171993,0.00033826058,0.000701583,0.00019735057,0.00009450015,0.00015279099,0.00025201522,0.00011820866,0.00003152105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001951675,0.0002799423,0.00012174548,0.00029620156,0.00018786862,0.00017579048,0.00015684635,0.00028823342,0.000007680321],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039115487,0.0019087755,0.064927906,0.031815987,0.009231673,0.0010635331,0.05527768,0.3240603,0.46899003,0.007068091,0.005775967,0.02948892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026129524,0.004076515,0.06452478,0.008877012,0.0016774894,0.00037250904,0.0023958907,0.14064115,0.75392234,0.006579535,0.011299324,0.0030205182],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048006703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000081412094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28493232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005285406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013806421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401930391","doi":"10.18280/jesa.570404","title":"Investigation of Welding Heat Input Influences on the Characteristics of Welded Joint of Storage Tank Wall Using Multiple Passes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Joint (building); Storage tank; Materials science; Structural engineering; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering","score_opus":0.03825247637232758,"score_gpt":0.2515327482010872,"score_spread":0.21328027182875958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401930391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931254,0.00100501,0.005092699,0.000088671244,0.00025251566,0.00011967529,0.000016262347,0.00017017157,0.00012960566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955418,0.00034046292,0.003995828,0.000010624825,0.00007393211,0.0000021712754,7.7067403e-7,0.000029185934,0.000005232793],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865216,0.0001121392,0.00068864203,0.00009147031,0.00029607827,0.00015950424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992135,0.0002807441,0.0001879614,0.00015260954,0.00011124037,0.000053943564],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044002177,0.00014787474,0.00029739516,0.00020967184,0.000087355,0.0000824876,0.00018269892,0.000059294343,0.000025115678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002238036,0.0000985497,0.000101849175,0.00031783778,0.0001377378,0.00019983832,0.000038219463,0.00021733328,0.0000011217479],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021885646,0.000039716684,0.02845165,0.0037647784,0.00036651606,0.00007531228,0.0031504652,0.085269496,0.8525624,0.0020876655,0.0005809467,0.023629157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012028704,0.00019800031,0.33829203,0.005339073,0.00006915518,0.00014003366,0.00015946443,0.18078782,0.4728509,0.0017783701,0.00008103267,0.00018385156],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006970875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027260674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3797115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007493828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042784555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40187404},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402215569","doi":"10.1007/s13632-024-01125-7","title":"Effect of Laser Scanning Rate on Characteristics of Biphasic Stainless Steel Coatings","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallography Microstructure and Analysis","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Structural material; Metallurgy; Laser scanning; Laser; Scanning electron microscope; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.003397348842608463,"score_gpt":0.2230750549490266,"score_spread":0.21967770610641815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402215569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965306,0.0021004311,0.000826517,0.000007488514,0.00006911817,0.00007844604,0.00016652998,0.000116158466,0.000104724066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99914885,0.00042562897,0.0003088778,0.0000071398176,0.000020461122,0.0000044474914,0.00004836252,0.00001970031,0.00001651394],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992635,0.000050656225,0.0002636673,0.00018057044,0.000099159275,0.00014242402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995827,0.0001371993,0.000058844445,0.00015374052,0.00003023457,0.000037282254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002246776,0.00018886114,0.00051772787,0.0006378132,0.000034217057,0.000046565292,0.00009404647,0.00008812149,0.000021392938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012172041,0.00013274844,0.00033848418,0.0012028471,0.00009507013,0.00004075515,0.000022994698,0.00013939495,1.6272915e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000080833124,0.000013765596,0.04759002,0.0036653138,0.006192057,0.00003755761,0.0003752021,0.0039652907,0.9084831,0.00021042781,0.00027439167,0.02911206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016760046,0.0002630548,0.035142742,0.0002496425,0.0031183264,0.000002663464,0.00002980684,0.0011770081,0.9587898,0.00011075046,0.0007031236,0.0002454547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026934147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034913287,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05030675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000049682208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000035335643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5413324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402298995","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.347","title":"Towards Pilot-Scale Electric Arc Furnace Temperature Prediction &amp; Bath Size Estimation with Long Short-Term Memory Networks","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Rio Tinto (Canada); Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Estimation; Electric arc furnace; Term (time); Arc (geometry); Scale (ratio); Long short term memory; Environmental science; Computer science; Materials science; Metallurgy; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Physics; Artificial neural network; Mechanical engineering; Cartography","score_opus":0.007987476962746817,"score_gpt":0.2291862655078536,"score_spread":0.22119878854510677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402298995","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9169461,0.0071588308,0.06862577,0.0004702897,0.00076188904,0.0005460724,0.000076964825,0.0038265572,0.0015874826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90448064,0.0014336591,0.09214804,0.000039773626,0.0009032444,0.000054011525,0.00019050989,0.00010591103,0.00064421014],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986617,0.000024979494,0.00025782856,0.000356449,0.00030326933,0.00039580525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994563,0.00008013399,0.0000224083,0.00026828257,0.00004947842,0.00012341687],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013979152,0.00032871755,0.00025214266,0.00011849596,0.000116580406,0.00018945239,0.00017156905,0.00021554397,0.00009820411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022279199,0.00025352836,0.00007624395,0.00054918614,0.00003518302,0.00024634157,0.000030709623,0.0006388543,0.000010485446],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019668206,0.00020913442,0.00245486,0.0012868504,0.00047177786,0.00027306026,0.00079377776,0.76871675,0.10891658,0.000032525943,0.002385668,0.11426236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006856933,0.0009971593,0.033310257,0.0021217782,0.00041462205,0.00056423945,0.00006438949,0.91152173,0.047655836,0.00009219141,0.0012303547,0.0013417419],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031810876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001541402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14280501,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001526505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004186273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402438653","doi":"10.11159/icmie24.112","title":"An influence of flux components in A-TIG welding of copper Cu-ETP sheets","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","keywords":"Copper; Gas tungsten arc welding; Flux (metallurgy); Welding; Metallurgy; Materials science; Arc welding","score_opus":0.007684629940608,"score_gpt":0.2160464338840661,"score_spread":0.2083618039434581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402438653","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989144,0.00005487103,0.0000016835397,0.0000340176,0.0004335769,0.00017105289,0.000023982479,0.0002001366,0.00016624424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99875283,0.000121032055,0.000983641,0.000005391918,0.00006038288,0.000019815287,0.0000022228319,0.000042227195,0.000012470417],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890125,0.0000032443909,0.00045206936,0.00021813328,0.00019988086,0.00022540939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963355,0.000056509718,0.000065482265,0.00012530194,0.000052479554,0.000066672226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015774471,0.0002121554,0.0003830458,0.00018680155,0.000017159244,0.000051407427,0.00037394642,0.00011131441,0.000017127426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004658718,0.00016912237,0.00006200362,0.00029037386,0.00006292896,0.0001658404,0.00013332044,0.00020738163,3.0748868e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033176024,0.000029941972,0.000041440384,0.0016801311,0.000027334738,9.575429e-7,0.000014701669,0.0067592603,0.98923564,0.0018709636,0.00019829119,0.00010814931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015141604,0.00004086028,0.00009446717,0.002548972,0.000021111247,0.0000033717783,0.000012000044,0.008505442,0.9879647,0.00023446622,0.00025647422,0.00016672176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022134458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.936213e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017461819,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030507115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006112915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68966097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402441911","doi":"10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.064","title":"Long-term benchmarking of laser technologies and process improvement for Cu hairpin welding in electric drive manufacturing","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Procedia CIRP","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Mount Royal University","keywords":"Benchmarking; Term (time); Welding; Laser; Process (computing); Manufacturing engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Automotive engineering; Metallurgy; Business; Computer science; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.006955196371328447,"score_gpt":0.2414847977806063,"score_spread":0.23452960140927787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402441911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918278,0.0037122106,0.0027838424,0.00006490713,0.00011752406,0.000492465,0.0000059814383,0.0008416153,0.00015365634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975509,0.0010818959,0.001020993,0.0000031545337,0.000056927638,0.00024063759,0.000004054879,0.00003142265,0.000010013289],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991909,0.0000019760748,0.00021322731,0.00022828553,0.00009347606,0.0002720823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997776,0.00006593189,0.00002797722,0.00008884183,0.000018899938,0.000020747562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000097243916,0.00015338395,0.0001751322,0.00028746933,0.000034030363,0.000054691307,0.00013233388,0.00011542417,0.000003108279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031822543,0.00013650453,0.000033143646,0.00019304309,0.000023132681,0.00013008717,0.000049407405,0.0001754792,3.1271807e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055661814,0.000103712926,0.0457206,0.037403382,0.00024592067,0.00007884403,0.0017642507,0.008912886,0.07037757,0.0003964224,0.00093505264,0.8340057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013225341,0.000097799486,0.0033503014,0.00078821264,0.000017959592,0.0000057298535,0.000089706555,0.0046599596,0.9885551,0.0020311808,0.000081159225,0.0001906462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008112667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025596995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91817755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005424882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017063574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5566493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402667233","doi":"10.1016/j.rcim.2024.102880","title":"Accurate backside boundary recognition of girth weld beads","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Key Research and Development Program of China","keywords":"Girth (graph theory); Boundary (topology); Computer science; Materials science; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Mathematics; Combinatorics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.01334290764961176,"score_gpt":0.21863554135017277,"score_spread":0.205292633700561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402667233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5136523,0.0022435728,0.4795661,0.00012615348,0.0011599294,0.00020282793,0.000054809243,0.0014497144,0.0015445714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809042,0.0013817841,0.01739421,0.000018419576,0.00016328608,0.0000046965083,0.000045844794,0.000041961317,0.000045553414],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919796,0.00001480742,0.000259165,0.00020585682,0.000103640516,0.00021856568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967235,0.000073691794,0.000025719712,0.00013250687,0.000027537355,0.00006817161],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000756831,0.00020893625,0.00021713978,0.00014500968,0.00006068459,0.00020984923,0.00011071541,0.00011334286,0.00002793281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000026119235,0.00017470341,0.00006490723,0.00010492362,0.000041421055,0.00013035451,0.000060558985,0.0002801949,0.000008347171],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020743044,0.00004735185,0.000066036126,0.001875039,0.00037263284,0.0001826206,0.00023101734,0.547757,0.0018942094,0.0008599228,0.008001313,0.4386921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018305171,0.00016306742,0.00078578654,0.0017859001,0.000072511415,0.00006411529,0.000046195466,0.51641,0.469311,0.002904973,0.007757168,0.000516214],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000093864786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020634407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4674168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045827164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016335014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7124198},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403044157","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01840-3","title":"A comprehensive study on laser welding of stainless steel 301LN in lap joint configuration","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Solid mechanics; Welding; Joint (building); Lap joint; Laser beam welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Structural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.035384283874626256,"score_gpt":0.2861057230931557,"score_spread":0.2507214392185294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403044157","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878571,0.0004373891,0.0001482747,0.00029302976,0.00030245748,0.00054421416,0.000006194148,0.00024854395,0.010162795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995445,0.000035730867,0.00009285109,0.00004004468,0.00006747402,0.000064301974,0.0000029588268,0.000025910716,0.00012622861],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891186,0.000099161836,0.00035152372,0.00019198334,0.00022432962,0.00022114665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935657,0.0003423826,0.00003002306,0.0002319785,0.000018978752,0.000020098294],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032382953,0.00016810077,0.00023848841,0.00044672503,0.00003671767,0.00007780335,0.00020282605,0.000049506023,0.000030533858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021068106,0.00012402954,0.00005069641,0.0006584313,0.000027627035,0.000076057026,0.000037194375,0.00040390113,0.000007731017],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009973777,0.0006139632,0.006637698,0.0015759094,0.00018585095,0.0006614536,0.016342493,0.92650497,0.021379618,0.009319122,0.012650625,0.004028545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024234662,0.0010283408,0.13280423,0.0094912015,0.00012391723,0.00002513824,0.026636532,0.027644895,0.752169,0.0052322987,0.040770415,0.0016505767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012704465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00034537425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8988601,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000091844624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000109722305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5057778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403118031","doi":"10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2024.118622","title":"Tailoring intermetallic compound formation within laser weld brazed joints using a novel heat input approach","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Intermetallic; Brazing; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Laser; Composite material; Optics; Alloy","score_opus":0.027549021768970734,"score_gpt":0.26253018489055396,"score_spread":0.23498116312158324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403118031","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8925757,0.0011814424,0.10427775,0.00016762372,0.0007911902,0.0001099535,0.0000061848014,0.0007496337,0.00014053094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9289943,0.000089778245,0.0706064,0.000013373173,0.00022261663,0.0000068018944,0.000002917215,0.000053339336,0.0000104952605],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986089,0.000019926525,0.00077531015,0.00014517126,0.00019038073,0.0002602965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999531,0.000017565682,0.00017105334,0.00013663869,0.00009984153,0.000043919536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004901014,0.00021810146,0.00043282646,0.0007414148,0.00009175921,0.0003620716,0.00031596734,0.0002755666,0.000017435614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048572554,0.00017366993,0.000062124716,0.00041313536,0.00008620607,0.0006598782,0.000100718826,0.000384019,0.000003118031],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027271379,0.000038469174,0.000007030569,0.0014499712,0.0000711187,0.00003763997,0.00019931335,0.0068729953,0.9889466,0.00018017221,0.00014072208,0.0020287072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024204676,0.00007672702,0.0000062095046,0.0017926701,0.000062675696,0.0023169105,0.00012804686,0.017510701,0.97458845,0.0021513354,0.0009193093,0.00020492556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004071873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010124307,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036418587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015110908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049308335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7082054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403226569","doi":"10.1007/s40194-024-01844-z","title":"Influence of travel speed on porosity and liquation cracking in cold wire pulsed gas metal arc welding of aa7075-t651 aluminum alloy","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Secretaria de Estado de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior de Minas Gerais; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Liquation; Materials science; Metallurgy; Alloy; Welding; Gas metal arc welding; Cracking; Solid mechanics; Porosity; Aluminium; Arc welding; Heat-affected zone; Composite material","score_opus":0.013530160735476488,"score_gpt":0.2486475047126656,"score_spread":0.2351173439771891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403226569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997491,0.00050581945,0.000084971114,0.00021611566,0.00008542604,0.00024891726,0.000006920587,0.000099396944,0.0012614422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993848,0.00015140911,0.00031183762,0.000024247198,0.000039843722,0.0000108878485,0.0000026221107,0.000025871488,0.00004843891],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998882,0.0000598486,0.00039504695,0.0002014384,0.00024000849,0.00022167787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926466,0.00044182484,0.000059546972,0.00018913677,0.00001861154,0.000026238484],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070720597,0.00016932248,0.0002729221,0.00040239064,0.0000359123,0.000042855212,0.00022005955,0.00007779324,0.000009553056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009433673,0.00013836377,0.000053432213,0.0006523154,0.00006582552,0.00014195105,0.000045788624,0.00035517037,9.0603083e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005542176,0.000087122295,0.009763267,0.001003184,0.00006105823,0.000065880646,0.0026581555,0.56596816,0.41446424,0.004050048,0.00031168727,0.0015117698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025192706,0.00008698635,0.03022331,0.0026922708,0.00003384424,0.0000075227135,0.00019882717,0.013673803,0.9511351,0.0011748683,0.0002804657,0.00024106576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032929686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036596388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5522944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006320023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012995821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5642311},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403566036","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114691","title":"Machine learning - assisted prediction of yield strength in irradiated type 316 stainless steels","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fusion Engineering and Design","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Key Technologies Research and Development Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Yield (engineering); Irradiation; Type (biology); Composite material; Nuclear engineering; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.020583543827008697,"score_gpt":0.21244889338463402,"score_spread":0.19186534955762533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403566036","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8277687,0.021504745,0.14409705,0.000040844378,0.0010720439,0.00047423414,0.00006077836,0.0038069887,0.0011746371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964922,0.0014961897,0.0018350688,0.0000010935895,0.00003684489,0.000007852195,0.000014267825,0.000031116408,0.00008536308],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994337,0.000014502965,0.00018628474,0.00012588606,0.00009339167,0.00014625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970907,0.0001475318,0.000011390305,0.000073539835,0.000015334383,0.000043138203],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016522456,0.00012370829,0.0001465443,0.00022597588,0.000020717433,0.000029246205,0.00004812431,0.00010424502,0.000026966736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055194523,0.00011057175,0.00002074064,0.00033585945,0.000008315384,0.00006111172,0.00001895378,0.00023758733,0.000001194251],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014535642,0.00001544718,0.00039313844,0.0004883111,0.000029756606,0.000029376268,0.00017203804,0.93235284,0.056845658,0.00009664445,0.000560096,0.009002139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013026275,0.0001419089,0.005438697,0.000776791,0.000015162745,0.000012099209,0.000020302512,0.9682377,0.021332813,0.000031531246,0.0037097535,0.00015296244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005154808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002284161,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16872352,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028736538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009932968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45089853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403820063","doi":"10.5781/jwj.2024.42.5.7","title":"Analyzing the Influence of Welding Process Selection on Residual Stresses in Tube-to-Tubesheet Welded Joints","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Welding and Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bhabha Atomic Research Centre","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Gas tungsten arc welding; Residual stress; Electron beam welding; Electric resistance welding; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Shielding gas; Composite material; Arc welding; Cathode ray","score_opus":0.010580564014947813,"score_gpt":0.26730870332899537,"score_spread":0.25672813931404753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403820063","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99678755,0.0010967475,0.0010406277,0.00045487395,0.0001243412,0.000055777266,8.129623e-7,0.000083491956,0.00035576237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985839,0.00029687176,0.0009525413,0.000019333076,0.00012636348,0.0000019574475,6.300343e-8,0.000015390006,0.000003571916],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908113,0.000033489392,0.00040687452,0.00010781629,0.00017900373,0.00019167278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955076,0.00020227417,0.00006275132,0.00006290901,0.00006071751,0.00006061379],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006473793,0.00011079997,0.00018476012,0.00042522102,0.00008813647,0.00011173083,0.00011745939,0.000046790872,0.0000070143237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019888235,0.00007838985,0.000041023104,0.00060726656,0.000025208834,0.00029314944,0.000022486109,0.00032995813,4.951805e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056731267,0.00002160359,0.044473175,0.0002887848,0.00007056442,0.000044718916,0.0021923503,0.916416,0.02682432,0.00053915736,0.00023391009,0.008838714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000690818,0.000928102,0.16893333,0.010943077,0.00009468357,0.00044777538,0.003066244,0.014353811,0.79645544,0.0031536035,0.00041564694,0.0005174646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020736814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007690848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9020622,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034877718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024235373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3196645},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403836671","doi":"10.3390/ma17215235","title":"Effect of Filler Wire Composition on Weld Metal Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in X80 Steel Laser Welds","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Filler metal; Microstructure; Welding; Metallurgy; Hardenability; Acicular ferrite; Ferrite (magnet); Composite material; Laser beam welding; Heat-affected zone; Base metal; Alloy; Arc welding; Austenite; Bainite","score_opus":0.006219416895446586,"score_gpt":0.21765084550552247,"score_spread":0.21143142861007588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403836671","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99879205,0.00037004356,0.0000067886867,0.00005217928,0.00028343813,0.0001769527,0.000045177767,0.00016906114,0.00010428127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997084,0.00007157736,0.000080873535,0.0000091660595,0.000052151823,0.000020002746,0.000010892152,0.00001925069,0.00002767368],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99955493,0.000046471185,0.00014056472,0.000102317346,0.000062006475,0.000093721705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986887,0.00003178797,0.000009430087,0.00007011422,0.000004364949,0.00001540458],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000119533004,0.000108146305,0.0001964085,0.000052599327,0.000013712336,0.000050112925,0.000044003536,0.00010105397,0.000093007744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005311145,0.000070098096,0.000020615009,0.000040273466,0.00001898986,0.00004116349,0.000026117943,0.00006252163,0.0000037243346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056582496,0.0000049361224,0.0000070362476,0.0009440535,0.00001951292,0.000011532726,0.00003932822,0.00029285118,0.9975536,0.00008884316,0.00053740205,0.00044433822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000109185676,0.00017642425,0.00023121481,0.0004997548,0.000014678625,0.000008030236,0.0000028398708,0.00009991834,0.99824303,0.000062152576,0.00047269466,0.00008010118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026208565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002794555,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009163345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014496633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000018700629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28585175},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404494580","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-67398-6_163","title":"Predicting End-Point Phosphorus Content in Electric Arc Furnace Steel with Artificial Neural Networks","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Sorel-Tracy; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Electric arc furnace; Arc (geometry); End point; Phosphorus; Artificial neural network; Content (measure theory); Electric arc; Metallurgy; Point (geometry); Materials science; Environmental science; Engineering; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Electrode","score_opus":0.01908696521353412,"score_gpt":0.20425334664881875,"score_spread":0.18516638143528463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404494580","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009899615,0.018924084,0.0036106803,0.00021995127,0.0011871036,0.001146853,0.000032349515,0.0034737014,0.96150565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86612403,0.0027117224,0.0004973179,0.00006983505,0.0008734227,0.000065864864,0.00003438342,0.00033189726,0.12929152],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998417,0.0000055101405,0.00046177028,0.0003806117,0.00026859,0.00046652454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994911,0.00007437375,0.000060612274,0.00024435265,0.00003543183,0.00009410737],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011604512,0.0004718341,0.00044195974,0.00022529779,0.000041443705,0.000113928654,0.00019718822,0.00038037557,0.00023487398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000053839835,0.0003600356,0.00011594172,0.00009453865,0.000034897454,0.0000468728,0.0000800921,0.0012520155,0.00001464469],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040138396,0.000089619694,0.00066912075,0.0011882518,0.0011956826,0.0034024355,0.00038857653,0.6944207,0.0007805589,0.1582247,0.02563974,0.113599226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007671586,0.0013145066,0.00034318428,0.005145148,0.00051736104,0.0004359477,0.00022713243,0.8999701,0.017169802,0.014511253,0.05592334,0.003675061],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023135646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043865026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8562244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018406549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019669034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404515970","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116219","title":"WeldNet: An ultra fast measurement algorithm for precision laser stripe extraction in robotic welding","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Measurement","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Welding; Computer science; Extraction (chemistry); Algorithm; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.050823092457987155,"score_gpt":0.2783950962560866,"score_spread":0.22757200379809944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404515970","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006756663,0.004179848,0.9826118,0.00019216328,0.0021762494,0.0012186391,0.000018445075,0.0012827916,0.0015634425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804313,0.00029478705,0.018570587,0.000011046244,0.0003385239,0.00023513331,0.000012614469,0.000068780704,0.000037220652],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980838,0.000041458065,0.00035505125,0.00033578288,0.0008249293,0.00035898498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994735,0.00003344373,0.000023742603,0.00022022027,0.00015572016,0.00009338834],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013659571,0.00023222413,0.00020163109,0.0002129026,0.0000720815,0.00015847322,0.0001523297,0.0001236734,0.000044313416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057968504,0.00020895347,0.00007583435,0.00026275526,0.000011543354,0.0002461526,0.000009561964,0.00022666914,0.000010738594],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020206082,0.000187221,0.00005238847,0.0005141288,0.000107123036,0.00002156345,0.00024443617,0.23585646,0.09487538,0.00003721511,0.006900148,0.6611837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006113625,0.00034615266,0.0009512525,0.0018326181,0.00008428563,0.000012352549,0.00017804586,0.21948673,0.735439,0.0005398438,0.039874483,0.0006438758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000062395986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019404163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97367465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00070464285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040332798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85208756},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405073657","doi":"10.11159/ijmmme.2024.002","title":"Influence of Flux Agent Composition in A-TIG Welding Of Cu-ETP Sheets","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mining Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","keywords":"Gas tungsten arc welding; Composition (language); Flux (metallurgy); Metallurgy; Welding; Materials science; Arc welding; Art","score_opus":0.008164620807588301,"score_gpt":0.24094581046812882,"score_spread":0.2327811896605405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405073657","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99510235,0.0010909237,0.0030770872,0.000039268718,0.0005422262,0.0000325231,0.000009021478,0.000033139204,0.00007345463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99595875,0.00059129274,0.0033177086,0.0000025999852,0.00010825059,0.0000017149866,0.0000023557157,0.000013933549,0.0000034221125],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907935,0.000011169596,0.00054674974,0.0000662176,0.00020581021,0.000090682304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996889,0.000095704694,0.00007552355,0.000037184356,0.00006492065,0.000037772064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002792215,0.00009799685,0.00025893823,0.00026570156,0.0000054730403,0.000040060393,0.00013783103,0.000055390894,0.000055102773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038943253,0.000082244456,0.000053610423,0.0000730676,0.000019110174,0.00015584016,0.000040861407,0.00009085302,3.8535504e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016506061,0.0000114467475,0.000027314201,0.00020666291,0.00009191886,0.000083601495,0.00013354643,0.50553495,0.49304274,0.00036650544,0.000015308176,0.00046949883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035348974,0.00009667025,0.0058212425,0.0037129638,0.000042330103,0.0002730446,0.000031919248,0.020716008,0.9677026,0.000094445946,0.000985321,0.00016991634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009230139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.6740094e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48481897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032739044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001006301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33538315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405237496","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114645","title":"Understanding microstructural evolution and metallurgical challenges in wire-arc directed energy deposition of 430 ferritic stainless steel","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Characterization","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Deposition (geology); Arc (geometry); Metallography; Microstructure; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.03708090663876367,"score_gpt":0.22641172129978487,"score_spread":0.1893308146610212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405237496","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855672,0.00095479115,0.012418976,0.00007172274,0.00033555817,0.00010737325,0.000069660804,0.000410328,0.00006440438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99736214,0.0021189789,0.00015046514,0.000002153936,0.00008022212,0.00001748877,0.00023576728,0.000027375148,0.000005417004],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930394,0.00005476537,0.0002570463,0.00015687851,0.00008770196,0.00013965787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998387,0.000024370582,0.000030043162,0.00006660013,0.000015761516,0.000024541288],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008617243,0.0001259063,0.00019243475,0.00016615831,0.00002812307,0.00009379355,0.000041985902,0.000110837296,0.000031834752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060941807,0.000117222036,0.00001720428,0.000119523815,0.000030881383,0.00021943529,0.000024905587,0.00004194337,3.670708e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001713628,0.000006821291,0.00001853346,0.00062325917,0.000016970967,0.000008705184,0.00014951937,0.000093040595,0.9876991,0.010532705,0.000002099548,0.00083213643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001839356,0.00004516023,0.0283496,0.0007716005,0.00002918065,0.00003550027,0.00009262385,0.011257913,0.95624167,0.0026633828,0.000091231974,0.00023817894],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037306185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020867417,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03145738,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013529442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006738588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4780176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405305993","doi":"10.1109/indin58382.2024.10774504","title":"Towards Practically Applicable Transfer Learning Methods for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Bearings","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Transfer of learning; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning","score_opus":0.03170789569289852,"score_gpt":0.3241963232360993,"score_spread":0.2924884275432008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405305993","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009085453,0.0005589381,0.9732999,0.00015403471,0.00014028305,0.00023889763,0.0000065320855,0.001614192,0.014901741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.61866236,0.00025562575,0.3804404,0.0000141589935,0.00012475275,0.00009414869,0.000007144337,0.00005224839,0.00034917358],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930656,0.000020921014,0.0002356306,0.00016273472,0.00009250892,0.00018162096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995347,0.00026687625,0.000008046906,0.00009303503,0.00003677637,0.00006052679],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005241584,0.00010783943,0.00017071294,0.000079649624,0.000042337553,0.000056218843,0.00007855677,0.00011989315,0.00007583639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014689381,0.00009066521,0.00008465273,0.00016207428,0.00001922417,0.00013360714,0.000017986245,0.00022420225,0.0000018240898],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001264905,0.00010104863,0.0007117889,0.0073889787,0.0009638389,0.000008895281,0.0022386638,0.17285913,0.36559734,0.059098653,0.017630467,0.3732747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016827256,0.0002367498,0.00033936615,0.00027002773,0.00010756373,0.000009947926,0.00013672357,0.23942603,0.42552114,0.0021965918,0.33137527,0.0002123103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028155651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.743095e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6095769,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024273852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025857942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.369722},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405360287","doi":"10.1115/ipc2024-122652","title":"Microstructural Characterization of CGHAZ of HSLA Steel Welded by a Hybrid of Semi-Automatic Waveform Controlled GMAW and Mechanized FCAW-G Welding Process","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring, and Maintenance; Materials and Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; SGS (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Gas metal arc welding; Materials science; Waveform; Metallurgy; Process (computing); Characterization (materials science); Heat-affected zone; Engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Voltage; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.005101334919569277,"score_gpt":0.2180018553755541,"score_spread":0.21290052045598484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405360287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99633396,0.0013420575,0.0011124642,0.00003461203,0.00046882758,0.00038295402,0.00018062718,0.00012094007,0.00002358881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99588656,0.0024942465,0.0013134228,0.000003120432,0.000097628785,0.00004964633,0.000036765876,0.000030309715,0.00008832322],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998873,0.00002624125,0.0006141645,0.00019068658,0.000113037466,0.00018288202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961984,0.000030992163,0.000115672156,0.00009411028,0.000093961935,0.000045443863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024466612,0.00019472363,0.000576083,0.00011088942,0.00009316772,0.00015438389,0.000058991707,0.00007984147,0.00002153388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044353073,0.00015231658,0.00003258908,0.00008367228,0.00006641534,0.000269386,0.000042992957,0.000068341746,1.3359656e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040369905,0.000007838136,0.0002649928,0.0017536619,0.000068660825,0.000001730012,0.0006403016,0.000069486035,0.9956262,0.00012939345,0.00004892455,0.0013484537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092713925,0.0001077067,0.0008964838,0.0016120756,0.000066773915,0.00002625335,0.00030429312,0.010984543,0.98466355,0.000095755124,0.00013295868,0.00018249467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000078198354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013928664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010962664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001487174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018552835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62112904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405360412","doi":"10.1115/ipc2024-120843","title":"Dent-Weld Interaction for Strain Assessment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Strain (injury); Materials science; Computer science; Composite material; Medicine; Anatomy","score_opus":0.018607660542575004,"score_gpt":0.32290294883608134,"score_spread":0.3042952882935063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405360412","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02475979,0.00046977177,0.90735537,0.00053133303,0.001547392,0.000314992,0.000038616083,0.0034975032,0.06148524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97907645,0.00008201089,0.019744122,0.000016515985,0.00014047364,0.000050198323,0.00001298547,0.00001801337,0.0008592297],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997387,0.0000019302313,0.00006831219,0.000066602,0.000040784733,0.00008368759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998907,0.000034043132,0.0000024098008,0.0000487453,0.000006127054,0.000018000928],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004207264,0.00005187677,0.000041695177,0.000036976704,0.000016037313,0.00007505105,0.000038522045,0.000031901174,0.00018516947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000024286462,0.000040484505,0.000035201636,0.00003769452,0.0000033385043,0.00006837348,0.000007902404,0.0000627017,0.000008391977],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000066462,0.000045369274,0.000095485426,0.0014431629,0.00023874835,0.000025733616,0.0001646066,0.025382476,0.04498114,0.07883042,0.5982556,0.25053063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000101019934,0.00010190943,0.00038212969,0.00022959824,0.000027437518,0.000012977552,0.00015064146,0.22542171,0.14929298,0.0055778213,0.61843884,0.00026294374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009439954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011015063,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9543167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003945545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004539264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20274758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405360804","doi":"10.1115/ipc2024-134072","title":"CFD Analysis of Gas Pipeline Internal Coating Degradation on Flow Efficiency","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring, and Maintenance; Materials and Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nova Chemicals (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Degradation (telecommunications); Internal flow; Coating; Flow (mathematics); Pipeline (software); Pipeline transport; Materials science; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Composite material; Physics; Environmental engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.011015458554817243,"score_gpt":0.24470874861090822,"score_spread":0.23369329005609096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405360804","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97174746,0.0011959366,0.025518078,0.000066650544,0.00086338504,0.000106723775,0.000062330466,0.00022319057,0.00021623119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917673,0.0020102472,0.0055340794,0.0000071103764,0.00030212887,0.000021669961,0.00003196747,0.000021900925,0.00030358607],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908775,0.000024461297,0.00037634035,0.00021481456,0.00011669537,0.00017996073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972034,0.0000399395,0.000032966276,0.000107783526,0.000051762392,0.00004722113],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028293877,0.00015557275,0.0002816093,0.0002464673,0.00013421573,0.00031283638,0.00005892479,0.00006557007,0.000047349444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056154277,0.00012590505,0.000042076656,0.00022721164,0.000037826543,0.00015587088,0.000037146834,0.00008796164,0.0000017335852],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007624702,0.00009287627,0.012147752,0.0014344449,0.000913907,0.00004960313,0.0034082541,0.24124049,0.6541761,0.0031800452,0.005027456,0.07825281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030481894,0.00022864623,0.0061983787,0.0018799732,0.0004287183,0.000017239663,0.0004674549,0.5287413,0.45741722,0.000084169485,0.003755328,0.00047674694],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002584328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016492348,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28750083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027066864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010371278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5134259},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405360908","doi":"10.1115/ipc2024-134073","title":"CVN and CTOD Toughness of Girth Weld HAZ for X80 Pipes Subjected to Gleeble Simulation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring, and Maintenance; Materials and Joining","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"EVRAZ (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Crack tip opening displacement; Materials science; Welding; Toughness; Girth (graph theory); Metallurgy; Composite material; Fracture mechanics; Mathematics; Crack closure","score_opus":0.012520014156047471,"score_gpt":0.2592599809623653,"score_spread":0.24673996680631782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405360908","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807728,0.0015859229,0.015767124,0.00014087935,0.0010003095,0.00035736454,0.00007722897,0.0002486702,0.00004968113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893263,0.0012651306,0.00851249,0.000009165935,0.00039303274,0.00008972352,0.000014706339,0.000032827895,0.00035664075],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991975,0.000014551899,0.0002917032,0.00022238346,0.00007169747,0.00020216465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996953,0.000055766894,0.000021517186,0.000092431226,0.00007053637,0.0000644418],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001783815,0.00015920922,0.00024932867,0.00009862296,0.00016528874,0.00035584017,0.000043143275,0.00008467369,0.000013459776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060285576,0.00013470996,0.000019833313,0.00008754289,0.000031339576,0.0002206578,0.000044355213,0.000049904436,7.22407e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017412426,0.00004946024,0.00677922,0.0046505607,0.00021860858,0.000015679832,0.0045246086,0.068635136,0.8730394,0.0043109264,0.0055407947,0.032061473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00093194196,0.00059012993,0.017590256,0.0030893956,0.0001328369,0.000023365857,0.00077486073,0.051564716,0.8670831,0.0007403588,0.05654082,0.0009382519],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021777116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018082637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051000025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016730883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012895807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5493313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405557493","doi":"10.26730/1999-4125-2024-6-14-27","title":"STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF JOINT SHAPE ON THE STRENGTH OF WELDED RAIL JOINT","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vestnik of Kuzbass State Technical University","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"EVRAZ (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Joint (building); Welding; Structural engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.019623082464010178,"score_gpt":0.21264609068663803,"score_spread":0.19302300822262786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405557493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974399,0.000038713464,0.000079232304,0.0001274307,0.0000376614,0.00033255666,0.000074944095,0.00016791307,0.0017016379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99960613,0.00013025335,0.00020611243,0.000002734594,0.0000041903204,9.669361e-7,5.873704e-7,0.00001241424,0.000036596677],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902064,0.00006757339,0.00032769743,0.00014969999,0.00030039714,0.00013397567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911684,0.00020737818,0.00011857988,0.00044948317,0.00007444166,0.00003330254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023176827,0.00013299973,0.0002952682,0.000119789576,0.000039927832,0.000004743147,0.00047412654,0.000070951966,0.000024296793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007557228,0.00008286867,0.00012893084,0.0004902812,0.00025850002,0.00005619457,0.00025817996,0.00029568473,6.1826364e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040012924,0.003214053,0.0054733776,0.0035103858,0.001160223,0.00013178619,0.004396696,0.24384965,0.68996626,0.031486806,0.010038921,0.006371701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006721263,0.001784366,0.19795421,0.0018037283,0.00020306872,0.000004718193,0.002042017,0.00183747,0.79063165,0.0017660178,0.00094998174,0.00035067587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030719116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006370877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24201217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051086034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003618951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33792862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405708303","doi":"10.1007/s11661-024-07679-z","title":"Effect of Material Chemical Composition on the Formation of Halo Ring in Gen 3 Q&amp;P 980 Steel","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Metallurgy; Chemical composition; Materials science; Welding; Electron microprobe; Carbon steel; Microanalysis; Carbon fibers; Composite material; Corrosion; Chemistry; Composite number","score_opus":0.00973798122018534,"score_gpt":0.22973103196031106,"score_spread":0.2199930507401257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405708303","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97914207,0.00008939731,0.020114217,0.00004063517,0.00015731309,0.00016706067,0.000057902085,0.000089624846,0.00014177969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994796,0.00018127027,0.00024392664,0.000001501452,0.000024606465,0.000037600406,0.000014467294,0.000009260504,0.000007747858],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999512,0.00004842589,0.00021947185,0.00007012672,0.000072305505,0.000077631485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982154,0.00008521667,0.000014682577,0.000057516525,0.000005621188,0.00001539363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019622785,0.000080145415,0.00017976383,0.0000503205,0.000019277051,0.00003983097,0.000041467727,0.000062770014,0.00021721194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021088674,0.000051227547,0.00004018752,0.00007053467,0.000034303503,0.000067460125,0.000004297902,0.00005653421,0.000002187925],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007229476,0.000017903225,7.8673885e-8,0.0007824115,0.00002130873,0.0000023257478,0.000055331442,0.002114098,0.99532026,0.00027964308,0.00001124655,0.0013230907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011247452,0.00005590864,0.000019386853,0.0002354385,0.000033917408,0.000015768175,0.0000031388136,0.0020524838,0.9969378,0.000083758474,0.00039603063,0.000053903215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045087516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036740942,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020337548,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011313033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000015469423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23783185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405843288","doi":"10.18280/rcma.340612","title":"Experimental and Numerical Study of Maximum Welding Joint Temperature Impacts in Alloy Steel Pipe Welding Microstructure, Distortion, Corrosion Resistance, and Mechanical Properties","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Microstructure; Materials science; Metallurgy; Joint (building); Alloy; Corrosion; Distortion (music); Composite material; Structural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.028878803425181118,"score_gpt":0.2547118416890536,"score_spread":0.22583303826387247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405843288","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9797512,0.016320094,0.0028862935,0.000033892204,0.00018121049,0.0004530616,0.00001638057,0.00029206235,0.00006576401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99131984,0.00056943065,0.0079127895,0.000008768204,0.000051641626,0.000034726916,0.0000073960573,0.000061232546,0.000034164925],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987142,0.00007203968,0.00043068494,0.00035235396,0.00015015488,0.00028053313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957,0.00006748346,0.000046849167,0.00017698156,0.000036303343,0.00010236315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016753023,0.00028903718,0.00042415774,0.00017932603,0.00012699918,0.00020539548,0.00010990468,0.00013031569,0.00000815324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031736272,0.00022282315,0.000049544775,0.00022213778,0.000103536724,0.00019397166,0.0001398013,0.00031949164,6.53371e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086321226,0.00010919625,0.0020673745,0.0018637499,0.000034852445,0.000083554994,0.0026117805,0.005670809,0.98691994,0.00012845539,0.00015270914,0.0002712665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067920715,0.0005327991,0.012884112,0.0047979867,0.000058970196,0.00025410103,0.00095321,0.011308256,0.96697974,0.00068016216,0.00031299712,0.00055846764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046873498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045540022,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0199402,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013257876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001130848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9086464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406080316","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.111514","title":"Optimization, thermo-mechanical loading effects and microstructure evolutions of Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welded 304L stainless steel","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Today Communications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Inert gas; Welding; Metallurgy; Inert; Composite material; Gas metal arc welding; Metal; Heat-affected zone","score_opus":0.0071642311752005226,"score_gpt":0.23690263264360611,"score_spread":0.2297384014684056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406080316","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9419627,0.0063601052,0.0443931,0.0014415943,0.00060244056,0.0010787101,0.0002950904,0.0009276107,0.0029386177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97306466,0.0016636212,0.0249951,0.000026248985,0.000018564637,0.000071565955,0.00007769503,0.000023711382,0.00005884108],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991707,0.00012364303,0.0003426067,0.00012923042,0.00007103733,0.00016276565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988212,0.00018375987,0.00006480555,0.0008130033,0.00008083416,0.000036415026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016297273,0.00015608504,0.00028244528,0.0001176138,0.00020723518,0.000062739906,0.00048032365,0.00013926107,0.000051199127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000080357146,0.00014254743,0.000037843805,0.00022853975,0.00011964783,0.000082390034,0.00034728955,0.0001210133,0.0000010371155],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010634564,0.000055328102,0.000077618795,0.00044164527,0.00014410255,6.633612e-7,0.00015997427,0.0097449785,0.9685004,0.018934542,0.0014962669,0.00043387356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003919299,0.000033918914,0.0016270232,0.00041171152,0.00013498969,0.000006535861,0.00009097737,0.0046232226,0.9860643,0.0037000058,0.00265606,0.00025933914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000085281805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023463328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031101922,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041020172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023358878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58129156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406261238","doi":"10.1109/qce60285.2024.00196","title":"Structural Modifications in Quantum-Assisted Training for General Boltzmann Machines","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Quantum; Boltzmann machine; Boltzmann constant; Training (meteorology); Statistical physics; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Quantum mechanics; Artificial neural network","score_opus":0.05524692520249657,"score_gpt":0.304447738373336,"score_spread":0.24920081317083942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406261238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96687347,0.0013114691,0.024380106,0.00043913635,0.0004436998,0.00026344802,0.000052085245,0.0019127257,0.004323865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98438984,0.000038333048,0.014945383,0.000010512281,0.000120502336,0.00006920786,0.000025948637,0.000024808942,0.00037543857],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995429,0.0000044722374,0.00013913032,0.00011381219,0.00004525933,0.00015443089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983466,0.00004456891,0.000004531021,0.0000822338,0.000008204356,0.000025831217],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000043430693,0.000089160065,0.00009015402,0.000098552955,0.00003439763,0.00006682277,0.00008065508,0.00005105759,0.000034465564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009023408,0.000069691865,0.000044734676,0.00013354055,0.00001134569,0.00006802525,0.0000088940515,0.000079841215,0.000002150873],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022722716,0.000029494873,0.0005868257,0.0012935296,0.0001923551,0.000041080788,0.0025832574,0.34893212,0.056756016,0.28589198,0.064196415,0.2394742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000073535244,0.000012478172,0.0040937383,0.00004685182,0.0000060097436,0.000007810182,0.000036072888,0.9810747,0.0032692368,0.006069433,0.0051726615,0.00013749488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000087133536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000105889296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63214254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026490092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008650897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28419518},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406291881","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100283","title":"Neutron diffraction analysis of residual stress distribution in the lubricant-free TR-AFSD AA7075 repair coupled with SPH simulations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; Office of Science; Baylor University","keywords":"Residual stress; Neutron diffraction; Lubricant; Materials science; Residual; Diffraction; Composite material; Physics; Optics; Computer science","score_opus":0.007457934942530715,"score_gpt":0.25746489212251267,"score_spread":0.25000695717998195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406291881","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98759264,0.0013976167,0.010216741,0.00031556474,0.00007206831,0.00013126103,0.000051179843,0.00009736991,0.00012555197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962248,0.00060448167,0.0030598019,0.000014591536,0.000042232572,0.0000068716313,0.000022816583,0.0000111123545,0.000013265848],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881864,0.000037429512,0.00055744575,0.00011677814,0.00030175268,0.00016796486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985658,0.0004866538,0.00034428632,0.00023661931,0.0003398794,0.000026783942],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002199324,0.00014260552,0.00038188524,0.00037239082,0.000081854916,0.000036603582,0.00026446278,0.00006300308,0.000005506545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005439227,0.000094626695,0.00009028012,0.0020583274,0.000044642347,0.0003322308,0.000024965862,0.00029480213,4.937851e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014002458,0.00008228199,0.011488294,0.00027839237,0.00031337995,0.000010166184,0.00022364556,0.9856656,0.000937,0.00003524232,0.00031450286,0.0005114624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029042615,0.00100198,0.8984767,0.004164596,0.003088106,0.00003178125,0.0042962376,0.04650029,0.034674436,0.0012264865,0.0030175757,0.00061750866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029091652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000369118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9391653,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008163709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008660956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38587648},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406602269","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105805","title":"Design of an additively manufactured thermal solution for an axial flux switched reluctance motor","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Eesti Teadusagentuur; University of Alberta","keywords":"Switched reluctance motor; Thermal; Materials science; Control theory (sociology); Reluctance motor; Flux (metallurgy); Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Torque; Computer science; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.030640753720111043,"score_gpt":0.2848173755641121,"score_spread":0.254176621844001,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406602269","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8279386,0.0018431133,0.16816191,0.00001021173,0.00066346105,0.0006572824,0.000058335594,0.00051821885,0.0001488289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9763927,0.000056669192,0.023098474,0.0000071939453,0.00016560615,0.00020442854,0.000009475757,0.000040835814,0.000024601686],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991252,0.000023916129,0.0002784817,0.00019870323,0.000074919044,0.00029878682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951553,0.00015731445,0.000033550645,0.00020012684,0.000055846056,0.00003762165],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019495536,0.00022517795,0.00030808433,0.00014279994,0.00006675264,0.000011693781,0.0001489423,0.00011588841,0.0000060460748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000084283536,0.00021181027,0.0000521642,0.0001403188,0.000049558854,0.00017002111,0.000045371024,0.00015561008,2.8599263e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009944565,0.00003156272,0.0000046657156,0.0004069708,0.00013652453,0.00010047443,0.0007413809,0.7706704,0.22128294,0.00006826623,0.00015778521,0.006299575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008400505,0.0003176432,0.00053456397,0.00040076752,0.000057036534,0.00006108964,0.00040012295,0.46641964,0.5301244,0.00013501749,0.00026207996,0.00044756298],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015079537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000080301725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3088415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010485614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011959179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8637372},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406763601","doi":"10.1115/imece2024-145699","title":"Evaluating Bead Geometry, Hardness, and Residual Stress for a Multi-Layer 316L Laser-Wire Based DED Block","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Materials science; Block (permutation group theory); Layer (electronics); Bead; Composite material; Stress (linguistics); Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.08710710040371257,"score_gpt":0.3545119839011872,"score_spread":0.26740488349747465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406763601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94924825,0.0045250175,0.03877044,0.00060316746,0.0008618576,0.0011023437,0.0003613857,0.0038842398,0.0006433122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91909665,0.00008269546,0.07931145,0.000045907123,0.00020711163,0.0001564256,0.000052988715,0.000084551015,0.0009622225],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989039,0.000019339603,0.00023581598,0.0003142551,0.00019452127,0.000332172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945986,0.0001836284,0.000016540154,0.00019376128,0.00005510206,0.00009107848],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025272666,0.00022580325,0.00020581501,0.0001631438,0.00011225897,0.00021035044,0.00013431374,0.00015102878,0.00006361373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009827845,0.00018460373,0.00006902978,0.00021059641,0.0000337538,0.00010581875,0.000055479,0.00016825859,0.000007685502],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002350157,0.00056881167,0.0057164803,0.020092836,0.0014067793,0.00028180282,0.0010930946,0.20338413,0.08701482,0.0018885133,0.4534806,0.22483712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061052653,0.00013678869,0.00081054115,0.00053953694,0.00008608101,0.000006974229,0.00007252529,0.6926306,0.2975915,0.00012967028,0.006982226,0.0004030444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008487711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014049387,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48924646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003884215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033354143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7527922},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406772935","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2025.1.005","title":"Diffusion welding features of the dissimilar 40Cr and W6Mo5Cr4V2 steels","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Belgorod National Research University","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Diffusion; Metallurgy; Diffusion welding; Composite material; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0029160387409096896,"score_gpt":0.20116386980417314,"score_spread":0.19824783106326346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406772935","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7078803,0.011674233,0.26955783,0.00063236826,0.003873974,0.0008962805,0.000051943272,0.0022631772,0.0031698642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99721223,0.00069310184,0.001839206,0.000017447443,0.000032780346,0.0000114279155,0.0000011552136,0.000028012268,0.00016463248],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993827,0.000007718832,0.00017727079,0.00012318655,0.000114527174,0.00019459319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961853,0.00005472058,0.000023362678,0.00024944218,0.000018178633,0.00003578057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000088833505,0.00015962779,0.0001908366,0.00008858687,0.00006398152,0.00002563806,0.00020474804,0.00011756352,0.000004761789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006237562,0.0001196699,0.00006183678,0.00022150448,0.000010077691,0.00004159787,0.00014542593,0.00021870503,2.1549488e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011761527,0.000047539812,0.00021350659,0.001719911,0.00021933315,0.00000804141,0.00045884942,0.72100174,0.20890537,0.052990515,0.0056503695,0.008773045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026441444,0.00003078739,0.0033270083,0.0010868398,0.00006623018,0.000009756634,0.00006555017,0.09871176,0.8809616,0.002193797,0.012943955,0.00033828465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000054066636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002517388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67205626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002913096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007893688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4879997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406829431","doi":"10.37256/est.5220244307","title":"Effect of Beam Oscillation Patterns on Laser Welding of 304L Stainless Steel: An Experimental and Modeling Study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Science & Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Oscillation (cell signaling); Laser beam welding; Materials science; Laser; Beam (structure); Laser beams; Metallurgy; Optics; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.008337360880427904,"score_gpt":0.2716982703199711,"score_spread":0.2633609094395432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406829431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883844,0.0003521346,0.009945407,0.0000071164836,0.00018306436,0.000221735,0.0000043058076,0.0008789133,0.000022925764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995402,0.000018263963,0.00037410035,3.9641532e-7,0.000017655588,0.000023045575,6.0705077e-7,0.000024275907,0.0000014470586],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991477,0.000007163547,0.00018753765,0.00024583194,0.00019909546,0.00021267282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996688,0.000044374294,0.000016169823,0.000213982,0.000020648824,0.000036044636],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036309744,0.00014469068,0.00019220248,0.0008039405,0.000044265114,0.00003183197,0.00022353137,0.00008372068,0.000002440863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034316392,0.00012495577,0.000020359706,0.00069185294,0.000084207924,0.00017075035,0.00008068931,0.00016646337,3.0761723e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003762887,0.00002285829,0.0013978735,0.00017157882,0.000009716176,0.0000070217857,0.00025734064,0.797527,0.19897984,0.00018003385,9.603721e-7,0.0014420223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007414371,0.0007439318,0.00012656758,0.00016481623,0.000006945314,0.0000046356085,0.00021564256,0.29503116,0.7035223,0.000012852413,0.0000053509275,0.00009165445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011341798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.283495e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50454247,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006067259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009044167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50955486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407363077","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126801","title":"An innovative inverse model for predicting the minimum protective bank inside a cylindrical electric arc furnace","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electric arc furnace; Inverse; Arc (geometry); Electric arc; Materials science; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Physics; Electrode; Mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.013361427939768255,"score_gpt":0.2674764020857768,"score_spread":0.25411497414600853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407363077","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4258449,0.0002144683,0.57198006,0.001154141,0.0001989673,0.00019974877,0.000012505459,0.000032510165,0.00036267567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969884,0.00021705449,0.0024501586,0.00014468443,0.00014459173,0.000023660557,0.0000015139752,0.000010738479,0.000019201128],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935144,0.000019153775,0.00026656679,0.00007881442,0.00016796475,0.00011604189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994795,0.00010592652,0.000016132437,0.000047299218,0.00031765606,0.000033519365],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001855036,0.0000981725,0.00012964052,0.00018746441,0.000057006644,0.000051510102,0.00020140251,0.000065953456,0.0000025203194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003950866,0.00006580317,0.00005612895,0.00014776897,0.000029248793,0.00016293567,0.000008365365,0.0002812416,6.8347376e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025265978,0.00038923192,0.004401392,0.00033176312,0.002593171,0.000094237665,0.009160887,0.4776671,0.44327462,0.010989264,0.005121577,0.043450173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011910944,0.00029852628,0.0010280521,0.00023910214,0.000060326904,0.0000553428,0.00021215758,0.87353665,0.10875608,0.013211703,0.0012595841,0.00015139655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008551521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013254207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5711435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000062652216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005513873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26833755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407636329","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.02.021","title":"Elucidation of alkali element's role in optimizing metal transfer behavior in rutile-type flux-cored arc welding","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Alkali metal; Rutile; Welding; Flux (metallurgy); Arc (geometry); Metallurgy; Submerged arc welding; Arc welding; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.010719452721655408,"score_gpt":0.24771878741444875,"score_spread":0.23699933469279333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407636329","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948233,0.0017835016,0.002439975,0.00005419853,0.0001771638,0.00014907795,0.0000025991105,0.000047765312,0.00052244915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959176,0.0008551114,0.0031213998,0.000007965731,0.000036528105,0.000009570911,0.00000304365,0.000019404735,0.000029387138],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875915,0.000021812712,0.0006725718,0.000114292365,0.00021339022,0.00021879787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996092,0.00007643947,0.00009502241,0.0000949739,0.000090756934,0.00003364016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029060067,0.00016233063,0.00034869177,0.0006297623,0.000027190938,0.00003668301,0.00023930876,0.00009940345,0.000040729872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006528165,0.00014531736,0.00006641905,0.0003537373,0.000020046198,0.00031904088,0.000028080314,0.00032405238,3.394192e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033293787,0.00040684026,0.009667088,0.0036131064,0.00019896205,0.00013470923,0.0012611396,0.89926046,0.066099435,0.000029598485,0.00033710367,0.018658636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044997293,0.00007835661,0.007187087,0.00081018865,0.000053430038,0.000011770613,0.00023815344,0.000097536824,0.9900976,0.00026704717,0.0005808439,0.00012801787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004040298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006840351,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9239982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009698273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066752196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.592587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407902491","doi":"10.1016/j.mlwa.2025.100633","title":"Application of machine learning for seam profile identification in robotic welding","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Machine Learning with Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Identification (biology); Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Welding; Computer vision; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Biology","score_opus":0.00559339757003712,"score_gpt":0.24687460884389906,"score_spread":0.24128121127386193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407902491","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012351868,0.0007405157,0.9834015,0.00022597579,0.000022152759,0.0013806855,0.000010819402,0.0005941059,0.0012724006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822869,0.00010407564,0.014388556,0.00000803015,0.000026127153,0.0023372285,0.000266542,0.000039510407,0.00054307375],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990308,0.000030587657,0.00036148186,0.00026301277,0.00010909456,0.00020497585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999366,0.00015929856,0.00011997069,0.00024532678,0.00007755607,0.00003184968],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024361504,0.00015891719,0.00021884842,0.00027993886,0.00017480228,0.00003317149,0.00020595922,0.00008833423,0.000009116813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055212648,0.00015046383,0.000043298336,0.0007326373,0.000037916412,0.00007043841,0.00003410893,0.0003554354,0.0000048704755],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021030919,0.00006417464,0.05117348,0.0005624959,0.00003511136,1.6001353e-7,0.00008826781,0.91071784,0.012340736,0.0031858836,0.00006986723,0.021740971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053360284,0.0000720873,0.013446989,0.00016316141,0.00006262005,0.0000023016346,0.00006870277,0.90914625,0.048363525,0.0011364123,0.026727237,0.00027708113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018608304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000100784615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.969935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006911246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018916775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61357373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408044458","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-48200-8_2-2","title":"Nondestructive Testing of Welds","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Windsor Clinical Research; Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada); University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Nondestructive testing; Materials science; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Medicine; Radiology","score_opus":0.018651024518930255,"score_gpt":0.2150194898836929,"score_spread":0.19636846536476266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408044458","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007044912,0.001116063,0.00032217792,0.0000088552815,0.00021572325,0.00007804127,0.00002901119,0.00092666864,0.99723303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.031806484,0.00042170283,0.02192844,0.000007162477,0.0003469814,0.0000067488095,0.000011070293,0.00019467631,0.94527674],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99950606,5.369606e-7,0.00017782234,0.00012182396,0.000100105965,0.000093665025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997228,0.00004965432,0.000024042818,0.00014412956,0.000033334556,0.000026081503],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000022859394,0.00017892827,0.00020688237,0.000097689415,0.000010084913,0.000012912977,0.000103826605,0.0002406484,0.0003477534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000059591334,0.00014801617,0.00006910379,0.00002476051,0.00003566867,0.000017802407,0.000053467287,0.00026660296,0.000043945034],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032361002,0.0000050022804,0.000015562971,0.0027629952,0.0004692078,0.000114621806,0.000064778826,0.003472619,0.0011103279,0.91881603,0.046874367,0.026291259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007203247,0.0001384731,0.000018919643,0.0032076573,0.00019167893,0.000054060314,0.00001198067,0.0013006685,0.055657186,0.5690761,0.3693789,0.0008923311],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019903706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004766599,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3497399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026648531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009115338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60359246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409507883","doi":"10.3390/met15040447","title":"Prediction of Weld Geometry in Laser Overlap Welding of Low-Carbon Galvanized Steel","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Galvanization; Welding; Carbon steel; Materials science; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Laser; Geometry; Composite material; Optics; Mathematics; Corrosion; Physics","score_opus":0.011051046288389115,"score_gpt":0.2251920880054033,"score_spread":0.21414104171701417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409507883","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919708,0.00072476786,0.00045819025,0.000022375574,0.00014801661,0.00013036486,0.00001621448,0.0001272984,0.0064020148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99890953,0.00020828974,0.0006776945,0.000005950102,0.000017407478,0.000010459271,0.000003047585,0.000011614416,0.0001560157],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932915,0.00001962529,0.00031910566,0.00009596741,0.00011593648,0.00012023155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999682,0.00007031166,0.000043624736,0.0001621313,0.000026513506,0.000015423231],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019033057,0.00009114955,0.00026145455,0.00028820615,0.000008187102,0.000005600423,0.0001004339,0.00009477178,0.00002377225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000071107024,0.00008415283,0.000058533617,0.00041956137,0.000019422461,0.00005462836,0.000037576297,0.00010127314,5.702172e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009170193,0.0002811929,0.08347688,0.0040463936,0.0004660714,0.000009510495,0.00020276447,0.34463587,0.5595117,0.0008416046,0.0033829536,0.0030533401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003010241,0.000021010303,0.026012685,0.00041062053,0.000027016027,2.8249872e-7,0.000027669486,0.00261309,0.96964943,0.00022955237,0.00064176484,0.00006582496],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006700516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011977992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41013774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029560513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007821052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34316528},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409730273","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2025.2495506","title":"The formation mechanism of beta-flecks in vacuum arc remelted titanium alloy ingots","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Alloy; Vacuum arc; Titanium alloy; Mechanism (biology); Titanium; BETA (programming language); Arc (geometry); Mechanical engineering; Nuclear physics; Plasma; Engineering","score_opus":0.04523725046788287,"score_gpt":0.37411074803435934,"score_spread":0.3288734975664765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409730273","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9212051,0.003577257,0.042489097,0.0062120818,0.0022092399,0.0004999128,0.000025697935,0.00006994355,0.023711646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971511,0.0015115938,0.0009788576,0.000010541191,0.00008725244,0.000006471461,0.0000016060671,0.000009116191,0.00024348818],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982203,0.00011669989,0.0005550836,0.000059650414,0.0008669646,0.00018126976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985183,0.00034861712,0.00010141076,0.000113544054,0.0008849376,0.000033227756],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018731933,0.00007392787,0.0001632321,0.00065207336,0.00004797214,0.00008471498,0.0006483684,0.00006403001,0.000026198864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002577865,0.00005116258,0.000089314985,0.0003291223,0.000047944766,0.00019909245,0.00011459513,0.0004480067,0.0000026941912],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00079560763,0.00035160725,0.00070894975,0.000425172,0.0020162098,0.00043697335,0.0015851493,0.022501366,0.7475387,0.14223588,0.034856476,0.046547942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060638064,0.00013260737,0.0016731904,0.00062359666,0.000017392636,0.000087291286,0.0003243295,0.008787356,0.9407294,0.023365384,0.02354783,0.0001052506],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040352734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007724275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19319072,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016781836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006726669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20863496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409761671","doi":"10.1109/vrw66409.2025.00391","title":"Developing an XR-Integrated Digital Twin for Hydrogen Pipeline Monitoring and Navigation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Pipeline (software); Computer science; Real-time computing; Operating system","score_opus":0.016246748727162946,"score_gpt":0.2767775169812214,"score_spread":0.2605307682540584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409761671","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75253224,0.00020930605,0.24493551,0.00007419423,0.000101805635,0.00015457053,0.000009761831,0.00072917645,0.0012534036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97885174,0.0000427938,0.020695817,0.0000066061402,0.00005683711,0.000021551275,0.000035592584,0.000012566767,0.00027647606],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996411,0.000002289076,0.00011350987,0.00009745917,0.00003542345,0.00011021708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998436,0.000028260318,0.0000075950275,0.00006381321,0.00003195891,0.000024804109],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038604045,0.00008250649,0.000078716424,0.000046800757,0.000048686074,0.00008469129,0.000055040837,0.000054502685,0.0000015600216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015738018,0.00007016814,0.000014884131,0.000101875055,0.000009040506,0.00015369379,0.000017726272,0.000046390884,4.9806494e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008564141,0.00010109526,0.036004078,0.0019157607,0.0003159367,0.000016877771,0.00059877505,0.026539331,0.07948131,0.018740589,0.00961427,0.8265863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020400928,0.000025336632,0.0006124689,0.0003072375,0.000011351683,0.000002715088,0.00014481322,0.02883014,0.9526325,0.004376645,0.012641649,0.00021115376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023667224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028775285,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8731512,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003516481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010233672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28613737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409965342","doi":"10.20935/acadmatsci7678","title":"In situ heat treatment in laser beam welding: a study on high-temperature processing of low-carbon steels","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academia Materials Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Conestoga College","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; High heat; In situ; Laser beam welding; Welding; High carbon; Metallurgy; Heat-affected zone; Composite material; Chemistry; Alloy","score_opus":0.00935658500838049,"score_gpt":0.2759532537500902,"score_spread":0.26659666874170973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409965342","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985699,0.00010035122,9.74062e-7,0.00015008336,0.00025411,0.00046206792,0.0000045090437,0.00009727311,0.00036070423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99965096,0.00007049647,0.000080757236,0.00003564236,0.000033568027,0.00007319325,7.8655853e-7,0.00001069761,0.00004391033],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988281,0.000030073443,0.00033957613,0.00029497436,0.00021440753,0.00029285948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997033,0.000036557325,0.000029559726,0.00017675116,0.000020308382,0.000033508764],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042137003,0.00016879434,0.00029866185,0.0003542515,0.00004487806,0.0000648231,0.0003148611,0.00019899989,0.000005911401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039768966,0.0001305042,0.000013119496,0.00083065266,0.00008373106,0.00018409209,0.00007317512,0.00020901255,8.233876e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021970887,0.00011216119,0.0016785829,0.000109760986,0.0000030690705,0.000012219335,0.0004080622,0.010448596,0.9870764,0.000029025708,0.000028369945,0.000071767136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035554185,0.00011805926,0.018182801,0.00055335014,0.0000048057404,5.29298e-7,0.00014238745,0.000022139828,0.98034304,0.00014672928,0.000017755374,0.00011284147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022247537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000033288536,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016504217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023853143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007084991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53218067},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410164109","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2025.2495156","title":"Analyse the performance characteristics of mild steel plates at varying weld parameters by using artificial intelligence approaches","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding International","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","score_opus":0.055535490721903384,"score_gpt":0.2657305658149382,"score_spread":0.2101950750930348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410164109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9774542,0.00019675572,0.020365462,0.00015048277,0.00049741246,0.00009352573,0.000033216165,0.000100311314,0.0011086666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99691767,0.00019811674,0.002692248,0.000025657453,0.000056293873,0.000010442132,0.000023859302,0.000013033918,0.0000626872],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918085,0.000013503666,0.00033567427,0.000143179,0.0001725699,0.00015424758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959314,0.00012710183,0.00007937209,0.00014383237,0.000036145037,0.000020414087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014416077,0.00013079292,0.00014572128,0.00012019319,0.00011571611,0.000056055374,0.00035182733,0.00007064183,0.000034412256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040200397,0.00010450452,0.00006464791,0.00016695882,0.00007694606,0.00008776996,0.00011143148,0.000160593,0.0000020441362],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012782343,0.00013020646,0.03881633,0.00040958734,0.0010300056,0.0000038683183,0.00058333215,0.85290486,0.05837194,0.003913547,0.0025748778,0.041133642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002904331,0.0000117185,0.00089308975,0.0002192724,0.00003714155,0.0000027299798,0.00006891738,0.4167526,0.58114034,0.00027470844,0.00044296944,0.00012746757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003939329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003812143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52276844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010452797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010287041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42615706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410312534","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02056-9","title":"Deep learning for predicting welding distortions in T-joints","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Solid mechanics; Welding; Metallurgy; Artificial intelligence; Composite material; Computer science","score_opus":0.010582172466576188,"score_gpt":0.25947733181060845,"score_spread":0.24889515934403225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410312534","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7651717,0.0035466424,0.10280599,0.0028164198,0.0019339661,0.0017750983,0.0000059142553,0.0020249258,0.11991933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970984,0.00006159842,0.0019052273,0.000050272633,0.00008676064,0.00018412409,0.0000048420097,0.000022716435,0.0005860798],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990677,0.000043413253,0.00029631014,0.00017003698,0.00009525144,0.00032728483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927145,0.0005001213,0.00003206392,0.0001654286,0.000011855237,0.000019057557],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005212878,0.00013630367,0.00016646109,0.00039591742,0.0001704336,0.00006308201,0.00027440104,0.00006273125,0.000014214401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020465378,0.00011519663,0.00006219509,0.0007266874,0.000024315586,0.00007781525,0.000048930913,0.00043967972,0.0000017348092],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016584248,0.000044791945,0.082714684,0.00030402417,0.000029213661,0.00001182132,0.0010880503,0.9001512,0.0006116384,0.0031466594,0.004699038,0.007182302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00249995,0.00013569374,0.121711954,0.006849888,0.0001403272,0.00001679437,0.0037837913,0.5274655,0.053881664,0.024587998,0.25731522,0.0016112007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008710611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001352981,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37268567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013885334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007332127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4697582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410808254","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-84477-5_2","title":"Nondestructive Testing of Welds","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Windsor Clinical Research; Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada); University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Nondestructive testing; Materials science; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Medicine; Radiology","score_opus":0.014815495684582297,"score_gpt":0.2122096695455307,"score_spread":0.1973941738609484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410808254","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000034977387,0.00039135976,0.0015908696,0.0000075692133,0.00012896667,0.00009020076,0.000024824272,0.0005371847,0.99719405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013629278,0.00041562997,0.05552416,0.000016080176,0.00016421091,0.000007152762,0.000013665147,0.00008121796,0.9301486],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953175,0.0000010690444,0.00018378116,0.00010754291,0.00008505748,0.000090800546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999641,0.00008359762,0.000035272926,0.00016723968,0.000052278032,0.000020600195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000022326753,0.00016729954,0.00023156541,0.00010355701,0.00001499734,0.000006983831,0.00012589357,0.00025225204,0.00025013462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016235788,0.00014810586,0.000060066883,0.0000261882,0.000032705553,0.000016703096,0.000053415042,0.0002068411,0.000005125824],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008520549,0.000012149372,0.00010490562,0.002963367,0.0006018207,0.000048091526,0.000048256883,0.004787409,0.0009638897,0.6920309,0.16558361,0.1328471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029627333,0.00022245679,0.00015339493,0.0061178985,0.00029488854,0.000026979033,0.000017578057,0.0018094073,0.14830218,0.27711993,0.5639511,0.0016879449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027994172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000056144095,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41491097,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025870078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001762042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6039582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411065102","doi":"10.1007/s00170-025-15839-7","title":"Multi-modal data improves real-time defect classification deep learning models for fillet joints in gas metal arc welding","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Kelowna General Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Fillet (mechanics); Welding; Modal; Engineering; Gas metal arc welding; Structural engineering; Artificial intelligence; Arc welding; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Computer science; Materials science; Composite material","score_opus":0.02498671248741411,"score_gpt":0.2867687586785212,"score_spread":0.26178204619110707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411065102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88402563,0.0008050088,0.11168517,0.0019261492,0.0005554876,0.0002892989,0.000015664804,0.00035121097,0.00034637237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9435555,0.00164989,0.054585237,0.000016360806,0.00006504735,0.00002140868,0.00001555716,0.00002447077,0.00006653173],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989219,0.000021395346,0.00046646316,0.00019333148,0.00017604275,0.00022090763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991312,0.00022706209,0.00021260032,0.0003046602,0.000103325365,0.000021162834],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033174342,0.00016000679,0.00024955795,0.00059107924,0.000072362855,0.000042465417,0.0014066143,0.00013381922,0.000006464158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025483815,0.00012431107,0.00008947051,0.00011009794,0.00006342452,0.00031697057,0.0003145969,0.00050302583,0.0000011878344],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015108845,0.000051064635,0.00005818313,0.000048049922,0.00033392856,0.000018497449,0.00006802159,0.60845023,0.31212404,0.00092186686,0.00022315647,0.07755189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010299243,0.000080666745,0.00060071086,0.00030712254,0.00005077623,0.00006977876,0.00030095782,0.2415782,0.7205373,0.03306191,0.0021864714,0.00019615388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014329325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021938276,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4084133,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017945452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022547101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5069258},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411384078","doi":"10.3233/atde250385","title":"Residual Stress Evolution During the Manufacturing of an Aircraft Component","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in transdisciplinary engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Component (thermodynamics); Residual stress; Stress (linguistics); Residual; Materials science; Computer science; Composite material; Physics; Philosophy; Algorithm","score_opus":0.0038284816268907523,"score_gpt":0.21366314203900882,"score_spread":0.20983466041211807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411384078","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5799325,0.15847479,0.042813804,0.00025630344,0.005134499,0.004308245,0.0017162062,0.005760072,0.20160359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838282,0.007973895,0.0032020868,0.000001915008,0.00031776147,0.00007237577,0.000089038935,0.000180574,0.0043341527],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998319,0.000011364969,0.00061784097,0.00036712305,0.000299834,0.00038487808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992073,0.00011437023,0.00007515993,0.00051871425,0.000022233084,0.0000622234],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011743445,0.0005072889,0.00051851565,0.00038734332,0.0000938741,0.000021046997,0.00055081147,0.00029926846,0.0000260758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000039148485,0.00044603198,0.00013992259,0.00007680718,0.00008280885,0.00032770005,0.000104523286,0.00077955093,0.000001115172],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002856842,0.000019027839,0.000017067096,0.0025494555,0.00005570637,0.00005688947,0.00030541257,0.9929573,0.0005971668,0.002038288,0.000012339583,0.0013628086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004690207,0.00104273,0.026019968,0.056002773,0.0009247321,0.00026848674,0.0014488355,0.13334031,0.67505705,0.039259788,0.05216462,0.009780506],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009011897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000112610825,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85961694,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022905177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018213961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979913},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411570043","doi":"10.2316/j.2025.206-1227","title":"IMPROVED DEEP LEARNING-GUIDED SPARSE ICP FOR POINT CLOUDS REGISTRATION IN RAIL WEAR CALCULATION, 486-502.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Robotics and Automation","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Point cloud; Artificial intelligence; Point (geometry); Computer science; Geology; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.011277911106257282,"score_gpt":0.2730104529884471,"score_spread":0.26173254188218986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411570043","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2031899,0.0003679438,0.79276633,0.002144385,0.00084211,0.00018943739,0.0000033210813,0.00009027231,0.0004062951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805229,0.00032130774,0.018865189,0.000030275403,0.00012675003,0.000004376784,0.000015076891,0.000009115906,0.00010504647],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925196,0.000016944621,0.0004413858,0.00006809314,0.00014051654,0.00008110691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994474,0.00006901305,0.00016231845,0.00004286131,0.000254225,0.000024194816],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027103562,0.00008109472,0.00012255422,0.00021205151,0.000033404605,0.000089338144,0.000094851035,0.000073645046,0.000004039229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016574707,0.00007567905,0.000051141753,0.00008179045,0.0000150107035,0.00017609552,0.000015649486,0.00012568384,2.546826e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035321034,0.000034251647,0.0018406209,0.00006779886,0.00008667633,0.00000551778,0.00017366403,0.97320604,0.0061116666,0.005265519,0.001392821,0.011780123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000868387,0.00007323647,0.013847438,0.00027584116,0.000024075134,0.000026885506,0.00004739357,0.9695987,0.0076199663,0.005662297,0.0018460487,0.000109749184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016491294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002351766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77733296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009913852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002675357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3086102},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411690906","doi":"10.3390/ma18133044","title":"Multi-Response Optimization of Aluminum Laser Spot Welding with Sinusoidal and Cosinusoidal Power Profiles Based on Taguchi–Grey Relational Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Keyhole; Taguchi methods; Materials science; Welding; Laser; Grey relational analysis; Amplitude; Laser power scaling; Laser beam welding; Acoustics; Optics; Mathematics; Composite material; Statistics","score_opus":0.0074380951365836685,"score_gpt":0.2230602508558906,"score_spread":0.21562215571930693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411690906","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609083,0.000024955023,0.038189184,0.00007774276,0.00007511734,0.00020794877,0.00013130087,0.00016387727,0.00022155394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96453637,0.000005554912,0.03520264,0.000023485136,0.000010829523,0.000024429195,0.00005189859,0.000018174733,0.00012662179],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925476,0.00007448379,0.00024202335,0.00016687856,0.00013183025,0.00013001387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957573,0.00012824195,0.000060187558,0.0001512132,0.000055424527,0.000029170971],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023846423,0.00014880621,0.00025802056,0.00030890375,0.000057925987,0.00005658642,0.00006582929,0.00009923083,0.00021500318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000062518455,0.00012016145,0.000033935925,0.00030226537,0.000047819627,0.00006628837,0.000021746142,0.000048572772,0.0000010026587],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005862465,0.000041517138,0.00334858,0.00008468563,0.0001427738,0.000005494272,0.00003896766,0.94380933,0.051670607,0.000051650342,0.0002014219,0.000018706285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059537636,0.00010486585,0.041824147,0.00024423667,0.00015941079,0.0000011354585,0.00002301736,0.05964431,0.89708275,0.000009853201,0.000115946415,0.00019495816],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027204973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007341851,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88416505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034646742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021880596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49000418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412069621","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6975138/v1","title":"Application of Pretrained Model for Zero Shot Tool Wear Monitoring with High Fidelity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Shot (pellet); Zero (linguistics); High fidelity; Fidelity; Single shot; Computer science; Engineering; Optics; Materials science; Physics; Telecommunications; Electrical engineering; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.06316775894796454,"score_gpt":0.3741111391720519,"score_spread":0.31094338022408735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412069621","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12645456,0.00083059433,0.8662141,0.00010960437,0.000094610594,0.0034863383,0.0009622515,0.0006975929,0.0011503415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96275353,0.00052388856,0.034714345,9.392031e-7,0.00012454767,0.0014992493,0.00009208056,0.00004091474,0.0002504868],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99834,0.000040532617,0.00030707606,0.00037829173,0.00054222235,0.00039184443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985663,0.00023774598,0.000047672132,0.0005917172,0.0004938708,0.0000626817],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059292535,0.00021079594,0.00032728142,0.00023552669,0.00009132566,0.000056023197,0.0004702669,0.0003525138,0.0000041777516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011360417,0.0001848213,0.00009495213,0.00024039058,0.000065667446,0.000046872632,0.00033779145,0.0007569042,6.415382e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012112454,0.00006013744,0.0007405285,0.011976257,0.00012060502,0.0000012434969,0.00022822675,0.9729312,0.003612103,0.001450843,0.0016878583,0.0070698657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003404143,0.00015198645,0.0017510497,0.0029259345,0.000036030735,4.5741984e-7,0.00005702917,0.8116528,0.16158201,0.020600783,0.0005049488,0.00039655535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030084176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000113465985,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.836299,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019702528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015595791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75367934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412076408","doi":"10.1007/s40194-025-02114-2","title":"Influence of overlap laser welding parameters on the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 1018 and 301LN stainless steel joints","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding in the World","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Solid mechanics; Laser beam welding; Composite material","score_opus":0.013007721582615107,"score_gpt":0.22553017775497533,"score_spread":0.21252245617236024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412076408","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99837184,0.00037344842,0.000012773732,0.0004948782,0.000050842762,0.0002266315,0.000004803832,0.000040864117,0.00042390116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994062,0.00009739163,0.0003070562,0.00011147255,0.000008392782,0.000015456504,2.6789368e-7,0.000009461093,0.000044298937],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925494,0.000060821912,0.00024916927,0.00013572343,0.00012875492,0.00017056563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937946,0.000320365,0.000050267383,0.00021320046,0.000020235499,0.00001650312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032041286,0.00013639586,0.00020395091,0.00012638011,0.000069766924,0.000040706494,0.00023286685,0.000050873732,0.0000020735295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010386049,0.00007605055,0.00003082193,0.00025563085,0.00015302848,0.000057081565,0.00010547458,0.00023581789,9.775942e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004087375,0.00010501741,0.02459367,0.0030623171,0.0003207127,0.000020924213,0.004104244,0.3209209,0.6114551,0.028680498,0.0030790933,0.0032487628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017335401,0.00003882993,0.009779544,0.0013081409,0.000018997189,0.0000031710354,0.00045955126,0.0006031343,0.9855883,0.0016423017,0.00026871465,0.00011595685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000089994624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000069952446,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3741332,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021140218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007257706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31012514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412630368","doi":"10.1007/s11661-025-07919-w","title":"Control of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in X80 Steel Joints by Combining a Wobble Laser with Hot-Wire Filler Metal Deposition","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Speed wobble; Materials science; Deposition (geology); Filler (materials); Composite material; Metallurgy; Metal; Laser; Optics","score_opus":0.005068824911623215,"score_gpt":0.1827561332900418,"score_spread":0.1776873083784186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412630368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95549834,0.0005374899,0.043426532,0.000076236516,0.00005595107,0.0002144648,0.000068270914,0.00007544512,0.000047251982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985273,0.00024502474,0.0010508846,0.000017097052,0.000004309795,0.000050597777,0.0000067840183,0.000010467618,0.000087546425],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994482,0.000033473105,0.00020587414,0.00013220614,0.000059875998,0.00012041256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998579,0.00001836714,0.000019801058,0.000056625,0.000015382933,0.000031950975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000676933,0.00011844954,0.0002995523,0.000050149636,0.00005256565,0.000049998234,0.00003500556,0.00009878477,0.00008885344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021604387,0.00008347604,0.000023599252,0.00007669339,0.000063849206,0.000077669174,0.0000056060353,0.0000834624,1.78134e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029947373,0.000074793315,0.0000036927286,0.00037303084,0.00015753749,0.000009190936,0.00004437441,0.0011028543,0.9971251,0.00012701997,0.00003125974,0.00065167405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012974582,0.00012952615,0.00047876246,0.0002889642,0.00012923605,0.000043352407,0.00005197242,0.0011388182,0.99562377,0.00012929099,0.00053325517,0.00015558155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014517465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000054304084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04302893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007659058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000052348128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34040543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412934935","doi":"10.1007/s00170-025-16208-0","title":"OS-WeldSim: an open-source framework for finite element-based welding simulation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University of Edmonton","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Welding; Industrial and production engineering; Open source; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Structural engineering; Operating system; Software","score_opus":0.014098183645696054,"score_gpt":0.3157030082160383,"score_spread":0.30160482457034227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412934935","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20464247,0.00020323746,0.7904172,0.003338347,0.0007455593,0.00023073575,0.000006864042,0.00027082313,0.0001447402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90242076,0.00008909176,0.0970442,0.00022688512,0.0001256115,0.000022909291,0.000004084029,0.000024125058,0.00004234073],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991027,0.000013212941,0.0003922062,0.00012740682,0.00017806474,0.0001864142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988668,0.00050868886,0.00019694069,0.00024442916,0.00015720444,0.00002595855],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025067612,0.0001435708,0.00019195217,0.00040317528,0.00010966252,0.00010815581,0.0016645471,0.00014561076,0.000022749493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026693425,0.00010985043,0.00006159432,0.00011457112,0.000048395137,0.00022501982,0.00017681773,0.00038345778,7.566472e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012206985,0.000028246004,0.000032665845,0.000017222952,0.00009883695,0.000004557058,0.000017626495,0.94787484,0.0021244327,0.003340762,0.0002659219,0.04607282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062049035,0.00015093833,0.000059345617,0.00032198138,0.00002572348,0.0000066130888,0.00009520172,0.028653093,0.7686237,0.15016548,0.051148932,0.00012846453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003922759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000063213047,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91922176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001360486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027904634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44795704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413391149","doi":"10.1115/omae2025-157014","title":"AI-Based Adaptive Digital Twin Framework for Real-Time Leak Detection and Localization in Offshore Gas Pipelines","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Pipeline transport; Computer science; Submarine pipeline; Leak; Leak detection; Real-time computing; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.007613335288408231,"score_gpt":0.24350082733462378,"score_spread":0.23588749204621554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413391149","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01669783,0.00006715662,0.9800338,0.0001520953,0.000054327236,0.00024869043,0.0000072736157,0.00040075995,0.0023380767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99298203,0.000052555304,0.006615005,0.00006301973,0.000036277885,0.00003895972,0.000011841535,0.00001395856,0.00018635372],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995973,0.000005236991,0.00012940016,0.00011493104,0.000042618467,0.00011052981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997618,0.00010597981,0.00001080861,0.00007022371,0.00003209773,0.00001905404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038120306,0.0000912125,0.00010414704,0.00010693287,0.00003075212,0.00005015441,0.000037661837,0.000120784796,0.000015612328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054405966,0.00008149692,0.00002277025,0.00018658077,0.000018664157,0.000081707774,0.000012103648,0.00006955697,0.0000021956662],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000498676,0.00018134866,0.010244567,0.0010725724,0.00010903459,0.000008988679,0.00021013794,0.79530567,0.005969503,0.012521379,0.029770222,0.14410791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027850742,0.000095054034,0.0006785253,0.0003273009,0.000012511561,5.432208e-7,0.000056139077,0.8655797,0.10661073,0.022388725,0.0037841557,0.00018805296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004760071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021386056,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9762842,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034909513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008674766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3323348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413391828","doi":"10.1115/omae2025-156124","title":"Microstructure and Effect of Orientation on Toughness of X65 Steel Pipe Electric Resistance Seam Weld","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Materials science; Welding; Metallurgy; Toughness; Orientation (vector space); Composite material; Geometry","score_opus":0.0022526484698682184,"score_gpt":0.21988391188020778,"score_spread":0.21763126341033956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413391828","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893402,0.0007433245,0.0011755934,0.000027797216,0.00008091959,0.00015816368,0.0000064692013,0.00010306425,0.008364476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987571,0.00016012062,0.00055326824,0.000007935323,0.0000087458575,0.000005485424,0.0000024773892,0.000006631417,0.0004981822],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99963695,0.00001385509,0.000120184064,0.00008641042,0.00006392329,0.00007870289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997427,0.00009652996,0.000022558115,0.00010492538,0.000021624084,0.00001169589],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000050383074,0.00007928889,0.00014235961,0.00008054178,0.000017998065,0.000006747921,0.000057157908,0.00006346795,0.000008411826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020899857,0.000059659455,0.000021089096,0.00023986962,0.000015040972,0.000023673068,0.000012021017,0.00006405217,1.487799e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004333018,0.00003547062,0.011804709,0.0053752037,0.00013197697,0.000003931686,0.00014536946,0.0030383216,0.93382883,0.009672983,0.022479901,0.013049993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018683609,0.000091244176,0.011963885,0.00014341713,0.00001441228,3.4524413e-7,0.0000062869713,0.00007676533,0.98642695,0.00035196127,0.00068412867,0.00005374158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018585468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016385347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.052598137,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014195127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000048879215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2432842},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413632675","doi":"10.1177/20592043251368285","title":"Integrating Measurement and Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Reconstruction of Historical Border Pipes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Music & Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council; Queen's University Belfast; Queen's University; University College London","keywords":"Manufacturing engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Industrial engineering; Engineering drawing","score_opus":0.017830046488477316,"score_gpt":0.25063051781349116,"score_spread":0.23280047132501386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413632675","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3861272,0.0011248414,0.58856505,0.00028242922,0.0011729464,0.0008228501,0.000014572812,0.00091045897,0.02097967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9602947,0.000046601697,0.039555974,0.000011710004,0.000025051919,0.0000353256,2.2289996e-7,0.0000037556483,0.000026620797],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994956,0.0000039510446,0.00012550026,0.00013167111,0.00012698073,0.00011627197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976295,0.000031275536,0.000025366182,0.0000753942,0.00008528917,0.000019726724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002735457,0.00006453697,0.0000920067,0.00012574677,0.00010205985,0.000023346864,0.000100282494,0.000023520046,0.0000055455685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001008827,0.000053389173,0.000018228968,0.00015182886,0.00011532448,0.00010174106,0.00003262495,0.000058106372,4.3554476e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043222317,0.00000907017,0.00011297699,0.00013747056,0.000007580458,2.498048e-7,0.00014691135,0.000039422866,0.09182248,0.0007834887,0.0027178407,0.9042182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003622566,0.000023799787,0.0006772202,0.00022847728,0.000006298062,0.0000018109305,0.000067218985,0.0006754265,0.9880282,0.0014850271,0.008704582,0.00006569972],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007625569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003292325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9041525,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002337533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029432782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21771473},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413964330","doi":"10.1016/j.nexres.2026.101836","title":"Impact of Cyber-Physical Systems on Enhancing Gas Metal Arc Welding Operations: A Critical Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Next research.","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Cyber-physical system; Arc (geometry); Welding; Engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Operating system","score_opus":0.14710055783254847,"score_gpt":0.4737932861655376,"score_spread":0.3266927283329891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413964330","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003672499,0.9931607,0.0001730214,0.000028672888,0.00017209133,0.0014107017,0.00009702131,0.00024109143,0.004679943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00093832886,0.9976009,0.00022149704,0.000003490504,0.00037626046,0.00056416023,0.00004624904,0.000080083664,0.0001690197],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966173,0.00062308676,0.00079625874,0.00044690794,0.00082670164,0.0006897574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963715,0.002378145,0.00004584272,0.00073914195,0.00027827104,0.00018710142],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011782442,0.00046798994,0.0021575317,0.00058345334,0.00015655546,0.0001828127,0.00064725836,0.0002945656,0.00008666594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002194498,0.00032584413,0.00089590036,0.0010638749,0.00014071312,0.00014111584,0.00022525158,0.0015823258,0.00006541256],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000049994446,0.00019312641,2.9022723e-7,0.51252127,0.0005968274,0.00007856499,0.000029648994,0.00123389,0.000070502305,0.0039627855,0.01879948,0.4625086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000073232135,0.0004452064,5.4988527e-7,0.6421483,0.00054278,0.000045519384,0.000016489113,0.0006137679,0.00028248524,0.00013089509,0.35512045,0.0005803291],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034815882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010043944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46192828,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045994128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004257926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414015737","doi":"10.11159/cist25.104","title":"Development of AI Control Technology for Laser Keyhole Welding","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Electrical Engineering and Computer Systems and Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Keyhole; Welding; Laser beam welding; Computer science; Laser; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.004046920616728457,"score_gpt":0.20658424618994517,"score_spread":0.20253732557321671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414015737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9570188,0.0013243037,0.038846496,0.000376345,0.0011463276,0.0006007573,0.0000032961068,0.00030404975,0.0003796381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964568,0.000012421299,0.0033675982,0.000013458978,0.00002420288,0.000033420703,3.483416e-8,0.0000058686396,0.000086205655],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993111,8.3838904e-7,0.00021024066,0.00015546406,0.000114783,0.0002076135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997154,0.000051654726,0.000040532865,0.00005590604,0.00010421668,0.000032303775],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020900882,0.00010330287,0.00020622193,0.00033315408,0.00010918334,0.00005457078,0.00025711762,0.000041308176,7.420776e-8],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025419376,0.00007260868,0.000021329794,0.0006946999,0.00008288766,0.00005197393,0.0000720491,0.00011759597,2.2443572e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011026761,0.00016824454,0.014364651,0.0065232413,0.00040043713,0.0000012069094,0.00030591595,0.16973644,0.1816441,0.53288,0.0068632397,0.08700221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032546502,0.00006073118,0.0009380396,0.00091733935,0.00001373527,0.000003880722,0.000008048285,0.660385,0.32998604,0.00015529693,0.007060021,0.00014635776],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015002215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.3351782e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53272474,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023189607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001878342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29608962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414061509","doi":"10.1063/5.0285533","title":"The influences of dynamic behavior characteristics of molten pool and keyhole on pore formation in oscillating laser beam welding of hidden T-joint with gap","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Keyhole; Welding; Joint (building); Weld pool; Laser beam welding; Beam (structure); Flow (mathematics); Laser","score_opus":0.010378457056665331,"score_gpt":0.2402236291504965,"score_spread":0.22984517209383118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414061509","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990404,0.00009155242,0.00035603807,0.000014786156,0.000017817885,0.00012382532,0.000024762341,0.000016255048,0.000314538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992632,0.00014363797,0.0005623793,0.0000016171867,0.0000054658844,0.000008037751,0.000005923344,0.000006821959,0.0000028674795],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99947095,0.000007672142,0.0002793225,0.0000536786,0.00010751774,0.000080844206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996619,0.00005902134,0.00009979339,0.000114018876,0.000056538633,0.0000087157805],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008414619,0.0000730624,0.000181465,0.000051814473,0.000021829792,0.0000058112337,0.00007690185,0.000031820622,4.386862e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017654622,0.000052264015,0.00002304333,0.00013647534,0.00006254708,0.00007291042,0.00003509662,0.00006540913,2.6517032e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015352054,0.00029084925,0.057935577,0.004495188,0.00018667022,0.0000047062754,0.002720261,0.0515521,0.76471084,0.00382836,0.00009878971,0.11402311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001755683,0.00012193233,0.08430721,0.0009896462,0.000035710204,5.199757e-7,0.00019416829,0.007931439,0.90521175,0.00094886427,0.0000043989185,0.000078779485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000064754466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006753099,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1405009,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014355285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008365859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21312647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414850056","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2025.2553810","title":"Investigation of argon shielding gas on mechanical performances of butt welded AISI 304L plates using oscillating laser beam","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Welding International","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Argon; Welding; Laser beam welding; Shielding gas; Laser beams; Electromagnetic shielding","score_opus":0.020403205968728473,"score_gpt":0.25738958910460763,"score_spread":0.23698638313587916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414850056","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99244195,0.00005644785,0.002513736,0.00011646443,0.00062761415,0.00009201396,0.000012015149,0.0001426933,0.0039970707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99458724,0.00007927258,0.0051306416,0.000027557295,0.000109444845,0.000005292796,0.000011475619,0.0000149516245,0.00003413524],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990309,0.000014608353,0.00040217777,0.00015299354,0.00025391454,0.00014542055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948484,0.00017277633,0.00011686407,0.00011543489,0.00008198593,0.000028094642],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021703362,0.00013539761,0.00019073769,0.00027909083,0.00006257025,0.000027229791,0.00022185165,0.00011184393,0.000043930955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000119982156,0.00012826693,0.00007187379,0.00019828562,0.00004457421,0.00013827952,0.00007021774,0.00017321389,0.0000010547417],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005440531,0.000024222029,0.010234512,0.0003225725,0.00022307692,0.0000024075596,0.0001990759,0.68133724,0.30010536,0.005496588,0.00068474025,0.0013157886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016715717,0.000039155413,0.0007231312,0.00094587053,0.00001734199,0.0000018414297,0.00006075312,0.071516596,0.92456263,0.001653278,0.0002067987,0.00010542026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006592051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000061839546,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6244573,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000076395045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002058808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52305734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414920076","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70097","title":"A comparative study on corrosion resistance of <scp>316 L</scp> stainless‐steel welds in nutrient fertilizer solutions such as Ca( <scp> NO <sub>3</sub> </scp> ) <sub>2</sub> , <scp> KNO <sub>3</sub> </scp> , <scp> KH <sub>2</sub> PO <sub>4</sub> </scp>","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Corrosion; Microstructure; Equiaxed crystals; Dielectric spectroscopy; Ferrite (magnet); Polarization (electrochemistry); Submerged arc welding","score_opus":0.011535698657494882,"score_gpt":0.2220062482594908,"score_spread":0.21047054960199593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414920076","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838964,0.005559538,0.003063301,0.00024364011,0.0017685617,0.0025426666,0.00047454587,0.00069244066,0.0017589492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99608636,0.00140357,0.00028202697,0.000248908,0.0008193114,0.0003950678,0.0001254865,0.00053654547,0.000102729995],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9867805,0.0005780449,0.003983808,0.0018316316,0.0024233926,0.00440259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9875973,0.0047973404,0.0013800053,0.0020671003,0.001515722,0.0026425428],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024201307,0.0026416078,0.0034768889,0.0027881442,0.0010126358,0.00067031686,0.0029299066,0.0016944791,0.000005159585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0049935435,0.0025823482,0.0012806149,0.0041356515,0.00081759086,0.0009659244,0.0006365395,0.0055385055,0.00011156035],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058666472,0.0006602896,0.0004576577,0.00082873815,0.00065828516,0.0005615263,0.0031061287,0.08233821,0.87839216,0.0005272395,0.031886376,0.0005247322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032007433,0.00067531504,0.0030809517,0.003881275,0.00059338193,0.00018749309,0.002226507,0.0053973896,0.9755134,0.0008217407,0.0038850934,0.0005367259],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004585527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034075663,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09712123,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0036087134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019490116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99960154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415281664","doi":"10.3390/s25206425","title":"Enhanced Near-Surface Flaw Detection in Additively Manufactured Metal Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr Using the Total Focusing Method","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Royal Military College of Canada; École de Technologie Supérieure; Queen's University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Fabrication; Surface roughness; Porosity; Fusion; Surface finish; Selective laser melting; Rapid prototyping","score_opus":0.010469327310474372,"score_gpt":0.2687755523109178,"score_spread":0.2583062250004434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415281664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92249936,0.0002042592,0.07452112,0.000071427276,0.000379257,0.00024323653,0.000012251658,0.00035736946,0.0017117171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97719836,0.000027619919,0.022410598,0.000018494768,0.00006690222,0.000006271649,0.0000027235128,0.00003128344,0.00023775263],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989947,0.000111103516,0.00022879928,0.000222551,0.00013801148,0.000304803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950856,0.00019031018,0.000040053346,0.00020150804,0.000028414288,0.000031182353],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020499769,0.0002048657,0.00022909512,0.000058481957,0.00017617244,0.00008125117,0.000120245466,0.00015165274,0.000032679895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006307618,0.00016040984,0.00009233473,0.00036013086,0.000051214167,0.00008387204,0.000055567652,0.000336526,0.0000043788245],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020665442,0.000010060129,0.000005246643,0.00004230556,0.000066146065,0.0000092140845,0.0003378986,0.6838344,0.3047086,0.00003357209,0.000079813326,0.010852096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015004225,0.000013611592,0.0008479856,0.000091917944,0.00003502834,0.000010446413,0.00019583794,0.09266478,0.90483075,0.00023301857,0.0007537114,0.00017286626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041474818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012297551,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60012215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013297061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017922723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6541323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415828523","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.10.071","title":"Effect of welding speed on keyhole dynamic behavior and penetration depth evolution during pulsed laser welding of titanium alloy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"International Civil Aviation Organization","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City; Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin-Science and Technology Correspondent Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Keyhole; Laser beam welding; Welding; Weld pool; Penetration depth; Penetration (warfare); Laser; Titanium; Titanium alloy","score_opus":0.004210528850302363,"score_gpt":0.24232228145892876,"score_spread":0.23811175260862638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415828523","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978414,0.00065423583,0.00084240735,0.00002590988,0.00014396361,0.00013084203,0.0000018754922,0.00005650827,0.0003028615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992071,0.00031750125,0.00040110032,0.0000018810643,0.00003097613,0.000002445231,5.6037834e-7,0.000015278063,0.000023188672],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915016,0.000027037362,0.000381761,0.000097402466,0.00018950591,0.0001541104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946743,0.00015415864,0.00018456278,0.000086431784,0.00007073519,0.000036649544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002782969,0.00014025462,0.0002579022,0.00029555405,0.00006346866,0.000030036192,0.0001240507,0.00007619979,0.0000065078243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010962963,0.00011556988,0.0000568991,0.00013490162,0.000027479173,0.00022469889,0.000028673192,0.00017428187,2.0311447e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000762625,0.00019271398,0.02568544,0.012859664,0.0002740932,0.000053285974,0.00022834635,0.6418965,0.30990458,0.0000204924,0.00007823789,0.008044068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045434022,0.00026608686,0.048243124,0.0008877745,0.00008003106,0.000022443735,0.000038977898,0.0000983276,0.94974864,0.000057600064,0.00001378249,0.000088883266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010449592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010605475,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64179814,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000075238895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002104945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47128028},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416007459","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-12615-2","title":"Effect of Oxidative Atmosphere on Laser Welding Properties of Galvanized High-Strength Steel","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Shielding gas; Welding; Electromagnetic shielding; Galvanization; Coating; Gas metal arc welding; Heat-affected zone; Evaporation","score_opus":0.00405769096669073,"score_gpt":0.19377330931962372,"score_spread":0.189715618352933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416007459","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986249,0.00065521564,0.00011088417,0.000009828154,0.000406415,0.000075393924,0.000006984444,0.000040423194,0.00006995129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977868,0.0011329728,0.0009763597,0.0000017897828,0.00006181867,0.0000032149119,5.2024575e-7,0.0000143914085,0.000022100321],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993307,0.000021110449,0.00037451752,0.000054115368,0.000107886975,0.0001116972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966013,0.00007074296,0.000113453265,0.000082744256,0.000048059926,0.000024871344],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029733434,0.0001390297,0.00039950086,0.000057039386,0.000019598721,0.000016788475,0.00010033444,0.00006637219,0.000011714736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046623183,0.00009491329,0.000037347876,0.00008738249,0.00002034986,0.00009724855,0.000022098202,0.00010767335,2.6826237e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042212787,0.000018802137,0.00031267002,0.0045887493,0.00014852367,0.0000027734495,0.00009053032,0.283317,0.7090644,0.000042028743,0.00019486283,0.0017974784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043258854,0.000540505,0.0011049511,0.0025874963,0.00003534698,0.000005600466,0.000007342292,0.0011956176,0.9938503,0.0000024304566,0.00015572885,0.00008208897],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000062230542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.2822348e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28478587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018383429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008573803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38704515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416650766","doi":"10.29391/2025.104.036","title":"High-Speed Videography of Welding — Part 1: Fundamentals","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Welding Journal","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Welding; Arc welding; Arc lamp; Thermal radiation; Videography; Laser beam welding; Weld pool; Image processing","score_opus":0.010942744537122054,"score_gpt":0.2499483323007799,"score_spread":0.23900558776365785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416650766","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9374729,0.016016759,0.026296414,0.0017045176,0.0063031595,0.0003281694,0.000025157617,0.00035614375,0.011496791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98414594,0.0066185542,0.008217719,0.00009170305,0.00061297044,0.0000034539362,0.000001317866,0.00004900993,0.00025931615],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969527,0.000121898294,0.0013123219,0.00033217503,0.00047767797,0.0008032171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859154,0.0002360189,0.00037171537,0.00038497732,0.00015970918,0.00025600995],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001033741,0.000435715,0.00068283203,0.00096083,0.00057567365,0.00040749225,0.00063228223,0.00027497465,0.0009643118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013884556,0.00042594268,0.0004939214,0.0012021279,0.0001899508,0.0003978249,0.00019670172,0.00092928734,0.000008412516],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00073239714,0.0013195645,0.14053777,0.0036888297,0.0065804897,0.00060662034,0.002043283,0.35161602,0.18393998,0.06206757,0.12994346,0.11692402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002166349,0.00042597097,0.010983241,0.00767071,0.0004970245,0.00022957732,0.00096221705,0.0008973693,0.9130198,0.016873054,0.045298748,0.0009759634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008768697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034585098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7290798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017797468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082759354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999489},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417272987","doi":"10.31399/asm.hb.v25a.a0007158","title":"Measuring Residual Stress Using X-Ray Diffraction and the Cos-Alpha Method","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"ASM International eBooks","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Diffraction; Measure (data warehouse); Crystallite; Stress (linguistics); Residual; Surface (topology); Ring (chemistry)","score_opus":0.02910235819226196,"score_gpt":0.2646239144490849,"score_spread":0.23552155625682294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417272987","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00038758526,0.00090896204,0.013523514,0.00018732811,0.0011890247,0.00035624363,0.00011612189,0.00038440074,0.9829468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1294527,0.001670266,0.029248469,0.00026416223,0.0026506784,0.000102533784,0.000118399366,0.00029977688,0.836193],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894655,0.000026509751,0.00031503048,0.0002493915,0.00031276577,0.00014975872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992368,0.00030118474,0.000109089146,0.00021367932,0.00010069404,0.00003850591],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023617984,0.00028721793,0.00028056037,0.00018575581,0.0001226501,0.0001308879,0.00030250833,0.00025284427,0.00005547719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040253046,0.00022246657,0.00010791947,0.0000095202495,0.00010163965,0.000053262298,0.00016577434,0.0005149421,0.0000030647118],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033853538,0.000024014658,0.000044445296,0.0007250725,0.0033898556,0.000093742354,0.00066038925,0.022829257,0.0019318993,0.8238951,0.012966014,0.13310167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029667062,0.000060390328,0.0003614455,0.005641153,0.00089453364,0.00015062156,0.00010264337,0.044689383,0.023001969,0.13859603,0.7815889,0.0019462273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015619917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040945368,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7686229,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013480197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029734621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90719235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417273119","doi":"10.31399/asm.hb.v25a.a0007124","title":"Introduction to Residual Stress Measurement","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"ASM International eBooks","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Residual; Stress (linguistics); Measure (data warehouse); Nondestructive testing","score_opus":0.015191995678347973,"score_gpt":0.22472633641465425,"score_spread":0.20953434073630628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417273119","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000031542964,0.00016239425,0.0013995584,0.0011845885,0.0024475257,0.00025827184,0.00011103435,0.000557561,0.99384755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00897143,0.000110525594,0.0018391401,0.00013246895,0.005019463,0.00006371798,0.000103414575,0.000088676956,0.9836712],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986562,0.0000047937774,0.00029491915,0.00029792494,0.0005921337,0.00015403828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993576,0.000017693634,0.000046458055,0.0002751801,0.00023982539,0.00006325852],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000111219386,0.00026982336,0.00019993914,0.00029152058,0.000042612406,0.00006842068,0.00036142202,0.00021532088,0.00038414338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034082117,0.00027600833,0.00008736243,0.0000103583025,0.000023734445,0.00002693219,0.0001241371,0.00031321635,0.000087045715],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023461826,0.000008036261,0.0000020930224,0.00011254142,0.00043899525,0.000018279266,0.00005499808,0.0022146553,0.000499598,0.13937038,0.82837325,0.028883684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007566357,0.000027713195,0.000012624065,0.00046947633,0.00003318082,0.000003984645,0.0000031868497,0.000031588446,0.023271438,0.006758392,0.96903443,0.00027829254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023266875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006531546,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1406612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003380972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038792154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417273130","doi":"10.31399/asm.hb.v25a.a0007120","title":"Hole-Drilling and Ring Core Methods","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"ASM International eBooks","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Deep hole drilling; Residual; Core (optical fiber); Strain gauge; Drilling; Computation; Yield (engineering); Hole drilling method","score_opus":0.028953565384512894,"score_gpt":0.30744011146123246,"score_spread":0.2784865460767196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417273130","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008003768,0.0007249691,0.012349789,0.000036708316,0.000818243,0.00010497474,0.00003613266,0.0004260586,0.9854231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011227163,0.0008667744,0.067047946,0.000103053426,0.0005906672,0.000024566276,0.0000468354,0.00010792336,0.91998506],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931055,0.000003832357,0.00022135892,0.00020187991,0.00014596914,0.00011637923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960077,0.00011237519,0.00004804092,0.00014359227,0.00005367394,0.000041577892],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000090774236,0.00022565489,0.00020695661,0.00018099723,0.00004398278,0.000059409267,0.00021557404,0.00023575817,0.00008382958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017669507,0.00022419958,0.000078764846,0.0000053691324,0.000045539226,0.000023754947,0.00014304854,0.00034164923,0.000005778132],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010468573,0.0000032265114,0.00001372106,0.00027670243,0.00064289005,0.000055086628,0.00010325073,0.0013504012,0.0011205421,0.71672034,0.010282618,0.26942074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001235376,0.000014214642,0.000012350522,0.001013755,0.000052325347,0.000015693684,0.000003948846,0.004128461,0.00938138,0.065000586,0.91987675,0.00037699944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013643543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005855973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9095941,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060658036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013513132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9142594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417273198","doi":"10.31399/asm.hb.v25a.a0007133","title":"Residual Stress and Distortion in Cast Components","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"ASM International eBooks","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Distortion (music); Residual; Stress (linguistics); Component (thermodynamics)","score_opus":0.012032497840278435,"score_gpt":0.22116456952325095,"score_spread":0.20913207168297251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417273198","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0047259172,0.00038549525,0.0001213236,0.000062855725,0.0006105014,0.00014845117,0.00021500755,0.00019008761,0.99354035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5725484,0.0004056017,0.0003504297,0.000032071373,0.00026965962,0.00002303332,0.00024218184,0.000053601576,0.426075],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993012,0.0000040035334,0.00023313938,0.00017745973,0.00018311296,0.00010108037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997487,0.000036247693,0.00004193814,0.00011131216,0.000031439486,0.00003036617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035332687,0.00018357924,0.00016621748,0.00021763594,0.000022886778,0.000036898546,0.00016259323,0.00019137426,0.000050364724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000065302524,0.0001919634,0.000036423964,0.0000051856523,0.00004322551,0.000027425322,0.00009579137,0.0002735453,0.000005124673],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022099398,0.000106266474,0.0034715184,0.0020980795,0.0015522451,0.0010628076,0.0008588728,0.00414709,0.001068051,0.72397506,0.06889518,0.19254385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014746437,0.00011511459,0.010437012,0.009133998,0.00011997234,0.000058004043,0.000029027,0.0015651692,0.011339371,0.069292724,0.89458406,0.0018509078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010449459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022487885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8256889,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012290763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011918855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.782804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417312101","doi":"10.18280/isi.301009","title":"Development of the Histogram of Oriented Gradients Method for Feature Extraction in Welding Defect Detection","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Ingénierie des systèmes d information","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Histogram; Welding; Feature (linguistics); Pattern recognition (psychology); Feature extraction; Histogram of oriented gradients","score_opus":0.01079097010322736,"score_gpt":0.2668283563900957,"score_spread":0.25603738628686834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417312101","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31907713,0.00038937517,0.67706645,0.000014429469,0.0011698239,0.0011369842,0.00002750966,0.00008898056,0.0010293003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9052934,0.00006260274,0.09440381,0.0000071708005,0.00001765512,0.0001448112,0.000028249524,0.000014153312,0.000028156257],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980566,0.000076884324,0.00119581,0.00014123369,0.0002356006,0.00029387668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863935,0.00016104657,0.0006274318,0.00024971378,0.00029262618,0.000029814237],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008167817,0.0002504608,0.0003902504,0.00063502655,0.000263886,0.000047762624,0.00022155418,0.00034069995,0.0000037134982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043768322,0.00021653586,0.0002173645,0.0012189298,0.000070450194,0.0007608896,0.00008082527,0.00027317245,4.5242345e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003259071,0.0001301675,0.0033816264,0.011462985,0.0003614002,2.741698e-7,0.013829904,0.046346657,0.025626585,0.0017413021,0.00024100245,0.8965522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000813177,0.0000956442,0.030833947,0.003473832,0.00012969204,0.0000047658677,0.001389083,0.024633821,0.9214597,0.001195619,0.015675334,0.0002953926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026065385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002735473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8962568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010002973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013160516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8830076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417448287","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114545","title":"Data-driven porosity monitoring in aluminum laser welding: integration of high-speed imaging and machine learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics & Laser Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Keyhole; Porosity; Welding; Weld pool; Laser beam welding","score_opus":0.01406863883936272,"score_gpt":0.25444372535231696,"score_spread":0.24037508651295425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417448287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931949,0.0006624282,0.0043795314,0.00045911488,0.00017236454,0.00012024331,0.000024297537,0.0005676179,0.0004195121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98318344,0.0007359703,0.015935702,0.0000044697576,0.00002045339,0.000005902114,0.000036081037,0.0000193699,0.000058606478],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992199,0.000014379908,0.0002560567,0.00023140745,0.000071995964,0.00020628425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949175,0.000052138475,0.00004798072,0.00035018954,0.000037403846,0.000020534706],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012640865,0.00014676,0.00024170194,0.0004252754,0.00005244364,0.000024997715,0.00031086904,0.0001715241,0.000004034092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001032693,0.00014681138,0.000015096076,0.00041409946,0.00008993953,0.00012398385,0.0003466617,0.00044810094,7.8706887e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006350328,0.00022491558,0.4906758,0.0006922127,0.00021224578,0.00015172572,0.00026968174,0.1616327,0.25879362,0.0072196405,0.0011241451,0.0789398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003858067,0.000034656194,0.004267532,0.00035700176,0.00003682686,0.000007300445,0.0002292703,0.07624229,0.9152854,0.0018541262,0.001093762,0.00020599444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018147302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011495789,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6564918,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045964276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009759057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5986794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6957769134","doi":"10.60692/1pyh8-65c69","title":"Current Knowledge on Pathogenicity and Management of Stemphylium botryosum in Lentils (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Greater South Information System","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Outbreak; Disease management; Disease; Identification (biology); Population; Pathogenicity; Pathogen; Resistance (ecology)","score_opus":0.02241014725176227,"score_gpt":0.220608946213651,"score_spread":0.19819879896188874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6957769134","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899598,0.00015784644,0.0017836051,0.000008217092,0.00052966253,0.0005887058,0.00006388851,0.00024881895,0.006659478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996003,0.00008357728,0.00019205977,0.000003620881,0.000024299137,0.000045663543,0.000011814933,0.000011580168,0.000027072234],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989188,0.000027808988,0.0005342989,0.00012362906,0.0001952663,0.00020024348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951607,0.000006189453,0.000114960225,0.00027004592,0.000048245773,0.000044509412],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022280081,0.00017890125,0.00026078132,0.00023248808,0.00002944207,0.000041917294,0.00013294483,0.000100721416,0.000007704336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000017274631,0.00014851103,0.000053669715,0.00018096213,0.0000151132945,0.00026440475,0.00008590089,0.00011715014,0.00011807413],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023551955,0.00007010125,0.8161135,0.05458857,0.00040632227,0.000029490093,0.087323025,0.021329297,0.00004314358,0.0033363604,0.0025267221,0.013997996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007477622,0.0006804519,0.8280377,0.020569824,0.00024866636,0.00006368295,0.024361353,0.059772737,0.03502456,0.000024674055,0.021385165,0.0023535807],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000069099947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.21081e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062961675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009514336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000061602236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6056104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6960778234","doi":"10.14288/1.0049278","title":"Impounded Japanese Canadian vessels at Annieville Dyke, Fraser River prior to reconditioning for sale","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Open Collections","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Netting; Fishing; Payment; Marine safety; Settlement (finance)","score_opus":0.015736677388145107,"score_gpt":0.2629168751034994,"score_spread":0.24718019771535432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6960778234","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006361409,0.00020204709,0.0005435159,0.00008150361,0.000696262,0.0020339694,0.0011683276,0.0004762724,0.99473447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003235836,0.00009829999,0.0075133448,0.000117709445,0.00032863786,0.00069000287,0.0002007804,0.00041530136,0.99031234],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989914,0.000011550377,0.00019083447,0.000297499,0.000090922564,0.00041780793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925447,0.00006209597,0.00004498097,0.00030410665,0.000048740265,0.00028558774],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009369937,0.00024847884,0.0002904925,0.0004668041,0.0011675833,0.00044087434,0.00035333438,0.0003494438,0.009324115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003382188,0.00026670384,0.00007872673,0.0007095398,0.000028181228,0.000063425876,0.000083206854,0.00015796006,0.00008322075],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006679414,0.000009842306,0.0000030459255,0.000049284026,0.00008370262,0.00000598839,0.000071733346,0.00051817816,0.000011006746,0.000007761499,0.9990359,0.00019690493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002472982,0.000046018373,0.000015229899,0.00022564536,0.00003556354,0.0000074072555,0.000055750505,0.00004128648,0.0007237405,0.00009325732,0.9981381,0.00037066167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3011361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7531158,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45197964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060182967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012579028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6961122426","doi":"10.14288/1.0403348","title":"Caregiver Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children against COVID-19 after Adult Vaccine Approval","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Collections","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vaccination; Logistic regression; Herd immunity; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Public health","score_opus":0.00905208105019519,"score_gpt":0.23800949882540776,"score_spread":0.22895741777521256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6961122426","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49769065,0.002251595,0.0810834,0.007449255,0.0030106814,0.0064243325,0.0017151688,0.004775018,0.3955999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9504687,0.00060330133,0.005111214,0.0014427179,0.00029043795,0.00083865004,0.00009162514,0.00010162158,0.041051693],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913865,0.00003239544,0.00017659336,0.00029867186,0.000094433984,0.00025926248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992554,0.00004140728,0.000019172534,0.00033754198,0.00012909398,0.00021737146],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006138251,0.00018393918,0.00021243616,0.000057349684,0.00075675186,0.000641655,0.00029415477,0.00009445474,0.000591593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006334757,0.00016712926,0.00007154136,0.0009327048,0.000007117205,0.00012569274,0.00025536443,0.00017113732,0.000014869433],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060132686,0.000107942964,0.0010679394,0.00007144847,0.00021193779,0.00007394843,0.0009419565,0.0621956,0.00034499777,0.00003839281,0.9332203,0.0016653618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003752696,0.00028071282,0.019806456,0.00035529752,0.00016807008,0.00037269542,0.0014992274,0.0036599773,0.106115356,0.002602651,0.8589324,0.0024544778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019783834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0039391243,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45277807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016623626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010959919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68153334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6969477647","doi":"10.5683/sp3/1wcush","title":"Tahyesco River British Columbia. 1:50,000. Map Sheet 093D09, ed. 1, 1971","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Borealis","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Georeference; General partnership; Raster graphics; Natural (archaeology); Aerial photography; Topographic map (neuroanatomy); Government (linguistics); Geographic information system","score_opus":0.008839073383236603,"score_gpt":0.21880542839130732,"score_spread":0.2099663550080707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6969477647","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003884612,0.0031315687,0.000018633325,0.000035919937,0.00073723245,0.000383368,0.9934297,0.0009702355,0.0012544977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000016245775,0.008632186,0.00037111616,0.00014398045,0.0005817116,0.0002414131,0.98917365,0.00011704065,0.0007226575],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99796045,0.00005451035,0.00041857874,0.00048575999,0.00050551177,0.00057517877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987138,0.00006361486,0.0000984228,0.00090766244,0.000040952797,0.00017554584],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015063678,0.00035742874,0.0005460875,0.00009714768,0.00024646323,0.0005169949,0.0009418709,0.0004811538,0.028009506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037700676,0.00055965205,0.00019918458,0.00016582961,0.00010967799,0.00009604088,0.00039479113,0.0008154734,0.000020837098],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027011647,0.000042377415,0.000022716351,0.00042440643,0.00010476105,0.00040638816,0.000010833457,0.0003402961,0.000001206419,0.0000013288839,0.99747676,0.0011662041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000158332,0.000057448404,0.00040923487,0.00020178985,0.00010435185,0.000055260633,0.000010035018,0.000012155796,0.000015212254,0.00013704969,0.9981664,0.00067273516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.67943335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.28285265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39658073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001813123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004052711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996855},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6981254051","doi":"","title":"EDP Renováveis (OTCMKTS:EDRVF) Downgraded by Royal Bank of Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Central bank; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.0036259804249011316,"score_gpt":0.1646811978979455,"score_spread":0.16105521747304435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6981254051","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001909334,0.002288022,0.0005383391,0.00016736629,0.0003022821,0.00016359397,0.00036457923,0.0010217875,0.99513495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.012728836,0.000821708,0.0035369345,0.00013303763,0.00039327377,0.000019763564,0.00015880419,0.00073163747,0.981476],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915665,0.0000081999015,0.00020109664,0.00018355437,0.00021888877,0.00023159428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999593,0.000016809547,0.000043667584,0.0002329731,0.0000087373,0.00010476987],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000017173297,0.00025892194,0.00036155412,0.000051147374,0.00001385427,0.000011259487,0.00026646402,0.00024137269,0.0066822288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010186046,0.00021938194,0.00005433179,0.00009874396,0.00002276494,0.0000066623456,0.000045391043,0.00020285355,0.000006654838],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011605887,0.0000048105007,0.0000075017256,0.0002488987,0.00007845007,0.000009288147,0.0000053873355,0.00017604383,0.00013798372,0.000042165462,0.99888635,0.0004019886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007511853,0.000019392166,0.0000060786856,0.00012824987,0.000017779708,7.825514e-7,0.000006923899,0.00012919458,0.022275288,0.00001303586,0.97705805,0.00027012697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.56623805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.31959322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24664481,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053475145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007269439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9942258},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6986806046","doi":"","title":"Research and Progress in Laser Welding of Wrought Aluminum Alloys - Part 2: Metallurgical Microstructure, Defects and Mechanical Properties","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Aluminium; Weldability; Laser; Aluminium alloy; Metallography","score_opus":0.031149334269308146,"score_gpt":0.26702357099005736,"score_spread":0.2358742367207492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6986806046","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956468,0.002054898,0.000024433342,0.00006107587,0.00005590312,0.00021080225,0.0000029569612,0.00007463145,0.0018685468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957296,0.0005061263,0.0036236749,0.0000047724866,0.000028037224,0.000035138433,0.0000010281803,0.000021237143,0.00005033513],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990779,0.00007402424,0.00018415696,0.00018954171,0.00018241453,0.00029194905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996881,0.00006566469,0.000014915294,0.000124878,0.000035765584,0.000070710485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038063413,0.0001183375,0.00020780075,0.00009613822,0.000048738133,0.000040180967,0.0000839255,0.00013077231,0.0000450497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050343144,0.00008957009,0.000020355765,0.00017244046,0.00019434032,0.00006716163,0.00007309061,0.00026719578,6.694236e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005518654,0.0008151297,0.040556405,0.006351379,0.0005086267,0.0004883401,0.0025670833,0.0026286521,0.8430899,0.07016661,0.019960083,0.012315933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036753208,0.0001395727,0.0010858647,0.00024622533,0.000010346847,0.000042066902,0.000097547796,0.0003225551,0.98146117,0.006715491,0.009324983,0.00018661929],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000056474746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016698397,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1383713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001634236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010425577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36525622},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6987235506","doi":"","title":"Simulation-based optimization for the boundary of the melting pool in MIG welding process","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermocouple; Boundary (topology); Welding; Finite element method; Sensitivity (control systems); Gas metal arc welding; Boundary value problem; Parametric statistics; Process (computing)","score_opus":0.009774599400604472,"score_gpt":0.25606420974326943,"score_spread":0.24628961034266497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6987235506","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7908609,0.000057779867,0.20627527,0.00060750917,0.00032702147,0.000648348,0.000009914839,0.0001828994,0.0010303429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905047,0.0000024964281,0.009366897,0.000018227043,0.000050537088,0.000036488982,0.0000016498429,0.000013869707,0.000005138168],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99964553,0.0000061535384,0.00012054972,0.000056459914,0.00007963252,0.000091690505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938,0.00042194582,0.0000318663,0.000119454184,0.00003777867,0.000008958907],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013103688,0.000054202294,0.000058218724,0.00002672527,0.00008741198,0.000021450707,0.00014726944,0.00005018622,0.00004817613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023191376,0.000032531163,0.00002986312,0.00012476418,0.000027766595,0.00003736979,0.000011135666,0.000118277545,1.04584174e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032399562,0.0000051845414,0.0006974003,0.000066063265,0.0000032230544,5.1200928e-8,0.00007369618,0.9938495,0.0034780495,0.00004444739,0.000044935226,0.0017341932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009416053,0.0000046612013,0.00035053666,0.00004479793,0.00000543204,7.643364e-8,0.000020030877,0.9036864,0.094817795,0.0005878147,0.0003463724,0.000041895135],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008444928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028585933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19964378,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009328611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018410556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13265823},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6991204422","doi":"","title":"Experimental differences between aluminium welding of fillet and lap joints by a cw/Nd:YAG laser","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lap joint; Welding; Fillet (mechanics); Aluminium alloy; Laser beam welding; Laser","score_opus":0.010406462001260415,"score_gpt":0.21938438620748266,"score_spread":0.20897792420622224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6991204422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876576,0.00050011073,0.00020807041,0.00005695893,0.000047461406,0.00007064696,0.000048142134,0.00016346957,0.011247531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981807,0.000048801834,0.0014753987,0.0000059434383,0.000085265754,0.000010954726,0.000012163712,0.000016564398,0.00016419143],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994434,0.0000105244035,0.0001572181,0.00011536679,0.00011303106,0.00016042234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979377,0.00004353373,0.000025812758,0.00009033474,0.000008190585,0.00003837875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003962594,0.00011223607,0.00017487614,0.000037581995,0.000037083573,0.000020908372,0.00008499934,0.000070825496,0.00016109184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000044164076,0.00009614762,0.000028200215,0.00005078045,0.000053619664,0.00004703596,0.000042113814,0.000073554715,0.0000018686758],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011678337,0.000096452306,0.050929453,0.00022607447,0.000072000046,0.000008813202,0.0002640931,0.00014192698,0.6667371,0.0002566463,0.27951503,0.0017407819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014691356,0.000049459646,0.0062444503,0.00006121601,0.000008443305,0.0000013579282,0.000052189032,0.00009023833,0.990314,0.00048475616,0.0024183756,0.00012856477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007546574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031017116,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.323577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012437067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000024039582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3920786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6991785857","doi":"","title":"Hybird laser-GMAW welding of aluminium alloys: a review","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Aluminium; Arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Aluminium alloy","score_opus":0.011271374102249921,"score_gpt":0.23701425585988437,"score_spread":0.22574288175763443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6991785857","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34361032,0.05057137,0.0036545214,0.0075295907,0.0006597954,0.0011687417,0.000055353245,0.003941672,0.58880866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95621425,0.023163138,0.019842561,0.00027388276,0.00017863189,0.0000234995,0.000003704422,0.00003486341,0.00026548942],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993742,0.000010744529,0.00021886962,0.0000977401,0.00012669672,0.0001717516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996683,0.000031550597,0.000030521416,0.00019821001,0.000023188699,0.000048211674],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011605226,0.000104911414,0.00019931851,0.000037675585,0.000020604939,0.0000074797313,0.00016073731,0.000053670858,0.0005281486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027885928,0.00009240496,0.000066833876,0.00011149051,0.00002223486,0.00006242191,0.00003433152,0.000105614025,0.00003279936],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008631145,0.0000931989,0.00031920482,0.0051834965,0.00011004202,0.000017841274,0.00012742242,0.0050843447,0.049458463,0.0010804104,0.8659567,0.07256025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010280704,0.000029796414,0.00009881525,0.0016156295,0.000028613862,0.000008296358,0.0000062586123,0.00048555466,0.5351122,0.0003690205,0.46197054,0.00017245833],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000620072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007234989,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6126039,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021215203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006476763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5782857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6992419966","doi":"","title":"LASER WELDING TECHNIQUES FOR MAGNESIUM ALLOYS","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"","score_opus":0.007342435723718245,"score_gpt":0.2159698518241096,"score_spread":0.20862741610039137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6992419966","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1724697,0.00043713555,0.2396765,0.0010633038,0.00065054954,0.0013081041,0.00008269362,0.010837201,0.5734748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8971292,0.000027273787,0.10126813,0.000030601608,0.00035999028,0.00012422675,0.000011766177,0.00004207818,0.0010067711],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994632,0.0000042522356,0.00012733291,0.00011126954,0.00007523742,0.0002187107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997736,0.00003335158,0.000013649071,0.00012992474,0.000022909586,0.000026524544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006742528,0.00011092999,0.000105247585,0.00005460559,0.00005383522,0.000034129473,0.000118328695,0.00008848024,0.00010600991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000061861724,0.000100846715,0.000054142212,0.00006789562,0.000017746795,0.000057697554,0.000019919647,0.0000683897,0.0000061560377],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013777343,0.00006739232,0.00057436276,0.00045095236,0.000022977727,0.000018008617,0.000026510392,0.002896685,0.27795336,0.0060998322,0.66838825,0.04348788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000071731076,0.000030295834,0.000120143595,0.000019792898,0.000008835736,0.000003028241,0.0000035785977,0.00087097764,0.843972,0.013413803,0.14133005,0.00015571411],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018966963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010653127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72465944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025534857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000038091246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41124097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6996065604","doi":"","title":"Residual stress management in welding: measurement, fatigue analysis and improvement treatments","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The scientific electronic library of periodicals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Integrity Testing Laboratory (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Welding; Residual; Stress (linguistics); Ultrasonic sensor; Redistribution (election)","score_opus":0.041912920295359785,"score_gpt":0.2896419680022834,"score_spread":0.24772904770692364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6996065604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98817194,0.0025453158,0.00003130244,0.0059720916,0.000031197287,0.0007537572,0.00019539373,0.000025466295,0.0022735354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964646,0.00078078173,0.002512281,0.000059081525,0.000028819768,0.000030944946,0.0000036486085,0.000009208455,0.00011062098],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9933842,0.00012153081,0.0014151485,0.0005142942,0.004093902,0.00047095644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821675,0.00040300933,0.0009971339,0.00008072685,0.00022447108,0.00007791777],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0044216323,0.00026143668,0.00059092004,0.001252932,0.0003036279,0.00005891881,0.002441192,0.00014997394,0.00011655742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024799941,0.00016576657,0.00024784982,0.0037517615,0.006147083,0.00097645307,0.0004598823,0.0003009228,3.5477024e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000119667384,0.0012968039,0.012717459,0.0017398325,0.0023328173,1.7789847e-7,0.0019197587,0.21715742,0.56225026,0.18728767,0.0046624346,0.008515712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068079424,0.00030814135,0.09850653,0.0004725824,0.00017515742,0.0000023021862,0.00031068857,0.01173568,0.82505035,0.062246617,0.00023445745,0.00027669832],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000092906674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026283874,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2628001,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007812511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020884523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6998667396","doi":"","title":"The Badger, Volume 3, Issue 13, March 6, 1967","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Volume (thermodynamics); Government (linguistics); Football; Research council","score_opus":0.005889530286772546,"score_gpt":0.17638311177020122,"score_spread":0.17049358148342866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6998667396","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00013714393,0.0017490354,0.00064217346,0.000010793139,0.0012758708,0.00034691195,0.00025387993,0.0033158239,0.9922684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008921098,0.0014883106,0.00009353653,0.0000050708154,0.00045449502,3.229449e-7,0.000037989896,0.00039630343,0.99663186],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982554,0.000044304194,0.000182496,0.0005830789,0.00037497745,0.0005597609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885464,0.000070918104,0.000102787104,0.00064722693,0.00006787154,0.00025654316],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000024341466,0.000547946,0.00038404576,0.0006391958,0.0003365365,0.0003755361,0.0012241352,0.0005988502,0.000059383045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012331827,0.00054749066,0.00034515426,0.0006263922,0.00021445932,0.000330899,0.00066080777,0.0006528872,0.0007795686],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028825274,0.000022650951,0.00022302949,0.0002760458,0.00031305585,0.0003654334,0.0000052009436,0.00014864032,0.00018280456,0.000041028732,0.9978165,0.00057679066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018467747,0.00005908978,0.000056686753,0.0003877798,0.00015463568,0.000048356713,0.0009905417,0.000009495241,0.000113250004,0.000042922333,0.99732214,0.00063042797],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022933072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00071400247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0043634935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000464234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007818304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7009537822","doi":"","title":"Effect of misalignment on residual stress in carbon steel socket welded joint","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Joint (building); Residual stress; Carbon steel; Stress (linguistics); Carbon fibers; Fatigue limit","score_opus":0.017298604095095746,"score_gpt":0.22572199244343535,"score_spread":0.20842338834833962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7009537822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9315072,0.00005409244,0.000008891061,0.000017841288,0.00009887659,0.00018956409,0.000010384996,0.00016109132,0.067952104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99931234,0.000057023073,0.00048272326,0.000004398077,0.0000384649,0.000029731405,0.0000026088167,0.000023964436,0.00004873634],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992554,0.00005376017,0.00019999291,0.00012775378,0.00016500469,0.0001980477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999655,0.00005600838,0.00002829395,0.00021197769,0.000008070314,0.00004065116],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017826886,0.00013787391,0.00021618788,0.00009152139,0.000009789825,0.000004869398,0.00012048534,0.000092663715,0.00008974298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019597373,0.00011127754,0.000039962863,0.00007377801,0.00002561637,0.000017268465,0.000033303342,0.00013888977,0.0000026629957],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009979,0.000878802,0.036865264,0.004163508,0.0003508947,0.00031016933,0.0059736585,0.009308339,0.87449217,0.0028798222,0.021923732,0.041855767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029948755,0.00050550286,0.0040719067,0.00024606267,0.000010062579,6.8498133e-7,0.000022028422,0.00021727526,0.99399555,0.00044316592,0.000070935785,0.000117353346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000120608245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029650675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.119503394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043935914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004999549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45377666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7010905400","doi":"","title":"Les enjeux des Ãtats-Unis dans la course à l'espace, 1953-1969","year":2000,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Focus (optics); Subject (documents)","score_opus":0.004228691089762403,"score_gpt":0.16157160494715306,"score_spread":0.15734291385739066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7010905400","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0141774705,0.005751209,0.00024400279,0.0012790846,0.00023176537,0.0002354777,0.00094597327,0.00008367338,0.9770513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6102103,0.009918595,0.008659762,0.00019789468,0.00026452777,0.000015156198,0.000030300618,0.000307518,0.37039593],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99739784,0.00010577272,0.00036720338,0.00036786674,0.0011982609,0.00056303665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987672,0.00033240355,0.00015105291,0.00033733307,5.6981366e-7,0.0004114698],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000101282085,0.0005480578,0.00053420855,0.000043732933,0.00028074835,0.000060299186,0.00044046761,0.00017621974,0.0019063323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003042685,0.0005419042,0.000074967604,0.00010649428,0.00045634204,0.00017705136,0.00014582844,0.00039564664,1.8949924e-8],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000861338,0.00038091285,0.041192558,0.009615192,0.0025026442,0.0034720618,0.0027258466,0.013033001,0.022641737,0.41168037,0.17987801,0.3120163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003122123,0.00010135998,0.034506876,0.0019067554,0.00014441076,0.0000459071,0.0021144508,0.00059933873,0.07435636,0.0019020233,0.8831537,0.00085663097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04226808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.19983542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7032757,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024517229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014186911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997032},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7016679386","doi":"","title":"[𝐋𝐈𝐕𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐌]] Ottawa Senators vs Boston Bruins Live Broadcast","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Agency (philosophy); Public policy; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.007557225375007597,"score_gpt":0.22464838698116635,"score_spread":0.21709116160615874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7016679386","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0011688009,0.000055251538,0.00044517778,0.000088992165,0.0009283252,0.0011828328,0.00017593749,0.0036242849,0.9923304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0046321587,0.001870231,0.0017965521,0.00011244166,0.00040178548,0.0004881592,0.00015380564,0.0012121676,0.9893327],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954297,0.00031029282,0.00067060237,0.002127214,0.00067259395,0.0007895999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950936,0.00021904337,0.00029193607,0.004031033,0.00004655021,0.0003178608],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012080641,0.00084429357,0.0008563244,0.000516061,0.00019445377,0.00014824794,0.0018775752,0.0008196768,0.88773435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000423876,0.0009546988,0.0003928007,0.00034835638,0.00016541066,0.00010729534,0.0018960028,0.0014792453,0.48174182],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020103225,0.000133851,0.0014846077,0.00047593017,0.00041983233,0.00011892476,0.00038174173,0.0035417494,0.00018402936,0.00019960197,0.98649484,0.0065447707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028627168,0.0000023952166,0.00038260454,0.00027247364,0.000104290775,0.000053134707,0.00009816304,0.00016956309,0.0040205545,0.0003477534,0.99330616,0.00095666066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013254731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029150676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4059925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056099345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009662575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99929035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7019586649","doi":"","title":"Hybrid laser-GMAW welding of aluminum alloys: a review","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Aluminium; Weldability; Gas metal arc welding; Deformation (meteorology)","score_opus":0.008256032240319877,"score_gpt":0.21769644715061526,"score_spread":0.20944041491029539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7019586649","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48205838,0.03596216,0.004661922,0.0015865732,0.00073586334,0.000886593,0.00008315935,0.0025949173,0.47143045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98549527,0.006709463,0.0071791904,0.0000802069,0.00016286809,0.000020218216,0.0000113978895,0.000029723953,0.00031163776],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939317,0.000010155613,0.00021372897,0.000095002084,0.0001230191,0.00016490353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971396,0.000027364078,0.00003118077,0.00017920171,0.000020140344,0.000028167677],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009293238,0.00010168338,0.00019255835,0.000035680954,0.000021214977,0.000008326619,0.00013559964,0.00003203029,0.00029844345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015022465,0.0000905127,0.00006647913,0.00008322825,0.000023051436,0.00004287032,0.000028422968,0.000084089945,0.000012026415],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030013232,0.000043355343,0.0002802439,0.0029310174,0.00003223334,0.000024502971,0.00000920016,0.0023468705,0.029591644,0.0008604684,0.95629543,0.007582048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011480209,0.000030261313,0.00019185928,0.0019493923,0.000034057204,0.000017449247,0.000002577518,0.00033650178,0.7307689,0.0046611475,0.26168153,0.00021152428],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004306247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006065135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70117724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017008757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000544897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3691001},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7026712864","doi":"","title":"Applications of laser welding and friction stir welding technologies for aerospace grade magnesium alloys (Invited)","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Aerospace; Friction stir welding; Welding; Laser beam welding; Laser; Magnesium alloy","score_opus":0.009913323958117724,"score_gpt":0.23894721897339372,"score_spread":0.229033895015276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7026712864","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3988226,0.00079708995,0.5926023,0.0011856486,0.00014326863,0.0008386525,0.0000295561,0.002426814,0.003154025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9432714,0.00028529635,0.056211896,0.000009241079,0.000050145005,0.00009561269,0.0000047415897,0.000023312828,0.000048375914],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939835,0.0000030530637,0.00016729669,0.00014014772,0.000083373736,0.00020775343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996386,0.00010653572,0.000039472914,0.00015452041,0.00003194919,0.000028887516],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014744114,0.000110550245,0.00012778603,0.00013633732,0.000089203604,0.000018767085,0.00011063918,0.00013792333,0.0000059083873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002850197,0.000104896004,0.00003375278,0.00020903966,0.000050395785,0.00006771363,0.00004115823,0.00010537339,5.720437e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004544327,0.00014312532,0.0063643,0.001933651,0.0000982469,0.000006322713,0.00039129145,0.008274711,0.8430726,0.0071181557,0.025294853,0.1072573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014742208,0.000048224836,0.0005078216,0.00003917957,0.000023272407,0.0000044893277,0.00032052654,0.00061456556,0.96523875,0.0065769115,0.026324766,0.00015406463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009396739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012658252,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5444488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026636753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000226247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42775348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7030516589","doi":"","title":"Microstructure and process induced residual stresses of laser clad CPM-9V and CPM-10V tool steels","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Microstructure; Residual stress; Coating; Scanning electron microscope; Laser; Carbon steel; Cladding (metalworking); Optical microscope","score_opus":0.007842266381700541,"score_gpt":0.22697445571652836,"score_spread":0.2191321893348278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7030516589","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976174,0.00040294896,0.000049947394,0.00013751614,0.00005372733,0.00016943764,0.00005700787,0.0001924288,0.0013195759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972379,0.00031594076,0.0022748979,0.000022178367,0.00007360951,0.000010706045,0.0000066047774,0.000028753919,0.000029398112],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992751,0.000009382948,0.00018935246,0.00018401079,0.0001379051,0.00020427554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967116,0.000031410735,0.000038604398,0.00015555245,0.000044064294,0.000059181635],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000046922352,0.00017011819,0.00020823629,0.000065258704,0.00005452268,0.00004497422,0.000109868815,0.00016223134,0.000034881454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029502997,0.0001434586,0.000019377925,0.00011154402,0.000075943244,0.00011387404,0.000053463933,0.00018243845,6.0930546e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000087503955,0.00007514482,0.005657193,0.0022866984,0.00014790756,0.00005423973,0.0017262594,0.0064036334,0.9694768,0.0011004284,0.0034401368,0.009544055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044206964,0.000088878376,0.008407697,0.00019873027,0.000021065041,0.000021558428,0.00011612395,0.000012014903,0.9812384,0.008866554,0.00038007155,0.00020680307],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025110687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027799042,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011761633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001501148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023715493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58500725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7033452442","doi":"","title":"Référentiels et dynamiques des politiques publiques de l'organisation de la recherche universitaire au Québec","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Structural approach; Perspective (graphical)","score_opus":0.02729883653373289,"score_gpt":0.2521307338915802,"score_spread":0.2248318973578473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7033452442","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2882789,0.00928169,0.022671076,0.010323993,0.00034451965,0.0008796751,0.00025688397,0.0040364987,0.6639268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3587498,0.11692566,0.051554877,0.00038776814,0.0006946948,0.0000053710573,0.00034647583,0.0009226588,0.4704127],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99519813,0.0018383737,0.00035987707,0.0008520621,0.0004199076,0.0013316339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99681765,0.0010478232,0.00036712765,0.00069299305,0.0003687345,0.0007056956],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009738101,0.0010760084,0.00088195526,0.0010482973,0.0007685016,0.00032136549,0.0013730807,0.0025853207,0.0008984873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029938927,0.0013298714,0.0005373548,0.0008164333,0.0006223992,0.001087873,0.0004812374,0.0019348043,0.000039475766],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00063122663,0.0010681006,0.058092214,0.002723033,0.0028168259,0.005422128,0.22081724,0.003971855,0.040136095,0.3444519,0.0479455,0.27192387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024153218,0.0014220082,0.048602596,0.004149494,0.00204997,0.000641244,0.032764502,0.0010254221,0.11988837,0.026923494,0.7562255,0.0038920436],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5463428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.36694226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70828,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02097121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0049344325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989151},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7036032719","doi":"","title":"Analysis of the market for Canadian hard white spring wheat","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Spring (device); White (mutation); Productivity; Yield (engineering)","score_opus":0.010495679080209113,"score_gpt":0.18126634670079078,"score_spread":0.17077066762058166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7036032719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95901704,0.00048628458,0.00060325104,0.00030401628,0.00044561975,0.00048220606,0.0003941077,0.00013518786,0.038132295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98815054,0.0006124603,0.0020461439,0.0000054227266,0.000035792866,0.0000010788024,0.00010900332,0.00004043319,0.00899911],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994678,0.000012926147,0.00007866301,0.0001341178,0.00013471075,0.00017181938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948955,0.000025197214,0.00008438718,0.0002639705,0.00007808705,0.000058791178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000058929283,0.00013400031,0.0003033974,0.00042878732,0.00012959978,0.000010305122,0.00036521745,0.0002008652,0.00006236883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008894456,0.00014403812,0.00029680977,0.00041590424,0.000024728703,0.000046000114,0.000019800404,0.00012824257,0.0000010177362],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017829031,0.00009633837,0.43120512,0.0059357565,0.010775736,0.000042563508,0.0026892829,0.079715244,0.0025707912,0.0003896359,0.4599456,0.0064556375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001663735,0.000024346615,0.9501476,0.00034236093,0.0022027406,2.8741675e-7,0.00451994,0.010709173,0.0022191901,0.000018333762,0.029324774,0.00032487823],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08451251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98691803,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9024055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013120777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026660377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9215838},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7037097233","doi":"","title":"Determining the pattern of direction and distribution of intermetallic phase in the eutectic of the weld material after electron-beam welding of titanium and niobium alloys","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Series pedagogy","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Eutectic system; Intermetallic; Welding; Niobium; Titanium; Phase (matter); Titanium alloy","score_opus":0.026183735264431723,"score_gpt":0.29363707720454557,"score_spread":0.26745334194011383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7037097233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986882,0.00010106416,0.00006872767,0.0004152443,0.00019069365,0.00020254136,0.00019348822,0.000022166745,0.000117875825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99958426,0.000116604235,0.000016647864,0.0000029796033,0.000022331395,0.0000023284317,0.00002684385,0.0000058267483,0.00022216776],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989578,0.000118520955,0.0002847465,0.0001468536,0.00035406905,0.00013796972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924564,0.00021724493,0.00017638851,0.00017877365,0.00016936044,0.000012609004],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062060996,0.000110890025,0.00020769915,0.00012462963,0.000118956355,0.00002255952,0.00040143158,0.000066412744,0.000024106157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009378627,0.00006275883,0.00006763075,0.0004183897,0.000751518,0.00014082497,0.00021969152,0.00012563002,2.331884e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0030866528,0.0018330344,0.11848491,0.0055237203,0.0011767147,0.000027155165,0.059894037,0.01587751,0.7573747,0.014900441,0.00535472,0.016466377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001207328,0.00069209107,0.33419767,0.000368289,0.0001793313,0.00002016905,0.00974087,0.00195089,0.64457685,0.0015254345,0.005232561,0.00030855782],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001845802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016992999,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21571276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025858997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025359646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27689993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043068847","doi":"","title":"Residual stress analysis of laser cladded Al/Si coatings onto aluminium alloy substrate","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Aluminium; Aluminium alloy; Laser; Alloy; Substrate (aquarium); Cladding (metalworking)","score_opus":0.011400468203578169,"score_gpt":0.23572422552108702,"score_spread":0.22432375731750884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043068847","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98581743,0.00006449792,0.00047367252,0.0002265233,0.00006979377,0.000109947396,0.00009700972,0.00041632028,0.012724822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935807,0.00013115264,0.005964456,0.000053917338,0.00005062887,0.000014815708,0.00005667558,0.000031624408,0.00011602883],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889505,0.000018791969,0.00033005106,0.00020339378,0.0002664611,0.00028627994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942094,0.000053278825,0.0000679248,0.00030986458,0.00006168761,0.00008627814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000121862526,0.00018036987,0.00034223506,0.00019957253,0.00004494051,0.00003184068,0.00023514961,0.00012325551,0.00026600814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023434413,0.00016734916,0.00013546606,0.0005192738,0.00006274663,0.00008409326,0.00004124272,0.00016468501,0.000005590475],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000074612144,0.00025410444,0.009174295,0.00028658463,0.0020133299,0.00007962348,0.001417282,0.53482455,0.42100602,0.0019445904,0.028130509,0.000794518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000358499,0.00007219674,0.010538875,0.000089708104,0.00039225596,0.0000015027289,0.00014612098,0.0008176463,0.98500586,0.0009829695,0.0013086416,0.0002857481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003147534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008093341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56399983,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004945193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021402619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6824301},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084156545","doi":"10.64628/aap.ex377u5mt","title":"Hommage au legging: comment il transforme les femmes en super-héroïnes!","year":2019,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Perspective (graphical); Identification (biology)","score_opus":0.019967352686269712,"score_gpt":0.24628888809277627,"score_spread":0.22632153540650657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7084156545","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7133544,0.009253925,0.01779559,0.07193249,0.002694922,0.000999586,0.00014438888,0.0016898869,0.18213479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9568415,0.0028483663,0.006611398,0.00026617124,0.0004032594,0.000024175317,0.000026551268,0.00009239271,0.03288619],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99829787,0.000057807985,0.0003641721,0.00030985835,0.00024281658,0.00072744524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992084,0.00018244689,0.000026372683,0.000387171,0.00003110143,0.0001645329],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024396642,0.00039173086,0.00039920674,0.00010248322,0.0001248678,0.00011639303,0.00036789032,0.00036254112,0.0034329218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010309983,0.00034836718,0.00020736836,0.0001479629,0.000077426805,0.00025514248,0.000086123386,0.00043406122,0.00043018156],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000775269,0.00087614794,0.05551522,0.0069302623,0.0008682528,0.00017332767,0.010246734,0.02127976,0.019449571,0.11455321,0.49847987,0.27155012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051193335,0.00022433,0.0037347928,0.00048027956,0.00006376047,0.00002586527,0.0009980457,0.0014069258,0.13920581,0.00073568476,0.8519737,0.00063888496],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008303994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004773706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3534938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029725663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042625845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998968},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7091444398","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.icrs2025p0014","title":"Residual Stress Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques—Unified Approach","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PROTO Manufacturing (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Diffraction; Isotropy; Stress (linguistics); Anisotropy; Residual; Observational error; Measure (data warehouse)","score_opus":0.015114518242107437,"score_gpt":0.25500666226538454,"score_spread":0.2398921440232771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7091444398","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16471907,0.00049690076,0.48092845,0.00014641581,0.00046313577,0.00063284935,0.00001810108,0.006633506,0.34596154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9084131,0.00014160597,0.08962811,0.00004514595,0.0001328167,0.000034807796,0.00001658832,0.000032607197,0.0015551853],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992526,0.000019572277,0.0001979963,0.00018270433,0.00011975111,0.00022738753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961716,0.00003355719,0.000020285797,0.00025971228,0.00003212467,0.000037179005],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000914335,0.00016218479,0.00016002698,0.00018612739,0.000095934265,0.00006507204,0.00017235336,0.00017259528,0.000037834885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014176026,0.0001411428,0.000043881064,0.00028377687,0.000030359328,0.00011605195,0.000057163375,0.00021703164,0.0000022304794],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013419038,0.00094118866,0.0075415066,0.003444306,0.00078925065,0.00005773851,0.00041015062,0.31631285,0.31166956,0.03994969,0.22142433,0.09732524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028948,0.000043658652,0.005489572,0.00035429467,0.00008510392,0.000009365429,0.000325358,0.046850562,0.915528,0.001865066,0.028450353,0.0007092017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017835703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009537009,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74369407,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008580923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016961061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5755636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7091616967","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.icrs2025p0103","title":"Effects of Multiaxis Oscillations: A Novel Approach to Residual Stress Measurements via X-Ray Diffraction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PROTO Manufacturing (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Diffraction; Residual stress; Oscillation (cell signaling); Position (finance); Orientation (vector space); Debye; Plane (geometry); Residual","score_opus":0.01567328667341359,"score_gpt":0.24404943639725651,"score_spread":0.22837614972384293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7091616967","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11971827,0.00028945334,0.8571561,0.000061290906,0.000295268,0.00081034465,0.000012338355,0.00069241563,0.020964533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9600709,0.000022574543,0.03947331,0.000021734795,0.00003181298,0.000070334354,0.0000060191887,0.0000148508625,0.0002884388],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992835,0.000014137739,0.00019950909,0.00015695089,0.00019282063,0.00015309552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961925,0.000081179605,0.000022027534,0.00017350932,0.000062006504,0.000042007494],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008069497,0.00012592974,0.00015757595,0.00017478643,0.000048174166,0.000019199782,0.00012600444,0.00008727263,0.000005723579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000750214,0.00010828784,0.00003842375,0.00029758745,0.000013842547,0.000066196604,0.000043399097,0.00008426321,0.0000025497795],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004481553,0.0007152596,0.004135538,0.002362382,0.0003400708,8.5919766e-7,0.0002921413,0.38372257,0.58541024,0.0005641146,0.011696534,0.010715467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056788255,0.000050686096,0.07905729,0.00033487155,0.000056522007,5.040387e-7,0.000045797104,0.013459102,0.90467745,0.00010259098,0.001401024,0.0002462855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002352245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023931583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84035265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056977664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008723332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44158497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096673185","doi":"","title":"Determination of X-Ray Elastic Constants for Q1N Submarine Pressure Hull Steel","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Residual stress; Residual; Diffractometer; Calibration; Submarine; Hull; Pressure vessel","score_opus":0.011385929999021749,"score_gpt":0.23189604856163384,"score_spread":0.2205101185626121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096673185","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.085278384,0.00027960906,0.8994593,0.0001037648,0.00026573945,0.00053868344,0.00011671552,0.00071184395,0.0132459765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859419,0.00006925546,0.0123650795,0.0000033291867,0.00003097942,0.000023106713,0.0000016245782,0.000014889238,0.0015498569],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996063,0.000004347331,0.00013370407,0.00007496296,0.00006572922,0.00011494779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996633,0.00013940322,0.000022782135,0.00010203004,0.000047424062,0.000025067486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048785852,0.000071572584,0.00010337529,0.000038834263,0.00001464612,0.000005901008,0.00007746339,0.000056723817,0.0001058341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048447004,0.000043992346,0.000029409186,0.000034847235,0.000025213478,0.00005615748,0.000017832232,0.00002005044,0.0000021753578],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017237736,0.00021000621,0.009056028,0.0030674958,0.00028725545,0.000009451049,0.00017267122,0.004494622,0.55082995,0.014739931,0.037243687,0.37971652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009292556,0.00023036703,0.0054907626,0.00030565288,0.00007193209,0.0000035785972,0.0000139839485,0.008844498,0.9425464,0.0022924426,0.0389672,0.00030388252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000061252376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012900627,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9006635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000086778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004898318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17939559},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7099127720","doi":"","title":"Analysis and Design of R.C. Deep Beams Using Code Provisions of Different Countries and Their Comparison","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Code (set theory); Point (geometry); Span (engineering); Lever; Design methods","score_opus":0.04071371958163448,"score_gpt":0.271880559275453,"score_spread":0.23116683969381854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7099127720","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5534204,0.0006684017,0.44572094,0.0000061370974,0.0000072992807,0.00006568362,0.000006895943,0.000042894502,0.00006135153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98673356,0.00016359499,0.013082879,0.0000017579505,0.0000044121894,0.0000016770176,0.0000018399924,0.000006485427,0.000003806988],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99961793,0.000014369486,0.00016133943,0.00006652302,0.0000665961,0.00007324679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997228,0.00007234465,0.00003402015,0.000086553955,0.000039152335,0.00004517124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007097703,0.000079753874,0.00026211076,0.00008764453,0.000018355586,0.000012594045,0.000042769538,0.000040608273,0.0000058115825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000098278415,0.000050709783,0.000020529955,0.00011052657,0.000060041868,0.0000312472,0.00003413004,0.000033068005,3.0352833e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006490654,0.00014904496,0.31305733,0.0005454777,0.0013486678,0.00000116868,0.0036403346,0.6538784,0.019928776,0.0005828406,0.0006682427,0.0061348053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001439373,0.000090152535,0.005019426,0.000036944875,0.00018900716,0.0000010754636,0.00044863022,0.6497898,0.34377193,0.000348919,0.00005292,0.00010727076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013329776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000066184475,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43331313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009155067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004221131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2067885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7107859483","doi":"10.18280/jesa.581006","title":"Experimental Investigation of Welding Technology Effects on ASTM A516 Grade 70 Welding Joint Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance, and Mechanical Properties","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Joint (building); Corrosion; Welding joint; Arc welding; Plastic welding","score_opus":0.01569095259946743,"score_gpt":0.23992852412952942,"score_spread":0.224237571530062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7107859483","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9642021,0.023408107,0.009163198,0.00061289093,0.0011206169,0.0006060465,0.0000075955177,0.00049520744,0.00038421998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846345,0.0013317874,0.013603025,0.000054317854,0.00013325772,0.000022055276,0.0000010213155,0.00007443045,0.00014559735],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99696136,0.00031111322,0.0012196655,0.00045929488,0.00044790693,0.0006006903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986397,0.00016239146,0.000496689,0.00034852052,0.00015275832,0.00019996733],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052112807,0.0005441798,0.00080716773,0.0009804635,0.0007169488,0.00034844666,0.00037724298,0.00040507433,0.000019161243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036055,0.00045736242,0.00017227302,0.0008808906,0.0004231138,0.0003547318,0.00029901054,0.0008597375,0.0000027842318],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000101022444,0.000056695757,0.0009206693,0.0024922197,0.00013087653,0.00008492031,0.0005381747,0.0010665772,0.9724165,0.0065424833,0.0007962317,0.014853617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000852204,0.0005588681,0.021345433,0.01459454,0.00010647312,0.00033427743,0.00037047535,0.0027130567,0.9492557,0.009334654,0.00013980275,0.00039452137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000153745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035403407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023160819,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042050358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008619206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997878},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117410437","doi":"10.1007/s12008-025-02478-1","title":"Explainable deep learning approaches for classifying welding defects—integrating CNN architectures with XAI","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Deep learning; Welding; Convolutional neural network; Process (computing); Focus (optics); Artificial neural network; Automation","score_opus":0.022384959230800146,"score_gpt":0.2609955341003744,"score_spread":0.23861057486957427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117410437","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21574602,0.00034745713,0.779323,0.00039305675,0.0005903789,0.0003139391,0.0000026190776,0.00024104548,0.0030425093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97754115,0.00020462241,0.0214369,0.00013350786,0.00025856346,0.00008308898,0.000004937449,0.000045454024,0.0002917844],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987156,0.00008932517,0.00032795104,0.00028001404,0.0002495215,0.00033760458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99852324,0.0010501308,0.00015054493,0.000088061155,0.00010016671,0.00008787856],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003447196,0.00031047128,0.00026721155,0.00048695251,0.00036225276,0.00043246118,0.00030683773,0.00010064248,0.00002218676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018278902,0.00023429298,0.00011851385,0.00005553083,0.00004600769,0.0002290446,0.00006419905,0.0009108282,0.000001529478],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008430989,0.000054454707,0.000427226,0.00014945785,0.0008338496,0.000094845,0.00077071134,0.9102617,0.0016673155,0.0011949285,0.0007542646,0.08294815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019111758,0.000780866,0.0019711729,0.003347609,0.00012753904,0.00049859815,0.0021841202,0.11729523,0.8325022,0.016517777,0.021989878,0.0008738548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016167578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006868747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83083487,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025723115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023777677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95541906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117481395","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-13110-4","title":"Influence of GMAW Parameters and Joint Configuration on the Metallurgical and Mechanical Characteristics of Dissimilar AISI 316/AISI 304 Welded Joints","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Equiaxed crystals; Welding; Charpy impact test; Gas metal arc welding; Joint (building); Heat-affected zone; Ultimate tensile strength; Butt joint","score_opus":0.00991093875144312,"score_gpt":0.20498092777456225,"score_spread":0.19506998902311914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117481395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989094,0.00023054601,0.000546268,0.00008645292,0.00011715973,0.00007031916,0.000010401727,0.000016783011,0.000012670785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960719,0.0033367095,0.0005421493,0.0000113832075,0.00002336017,0.0000023684488,6.8641253e-7,0.0000077720615,0.0000036753538],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928445,0.000016439253,0.00044468598,0.000060712617,0.00010262648,0.00009109825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962366,0.00009073771,0.00012848889,0.00007539056,0.000045516143,0.000036183814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034153412,0.000107585416,0.00032793812,0.000059824444,0.000029336383,0.00003963164,0.000060728882,0.00006884849,0.0000060544926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008658988,0.00007337549,0.000024241745,0.000049494847,0.000043241223,0.0000854195,0.00002663529,0.0001212289,7.733787e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016983738,0.000032345666,0.0002675313,0.0021436322,0.00018838579,0.0000091831425,0.0001902473,0.06566073,0.9286573,0.0010483802,0.000098349956,0.0015340801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021089012,0.00021486192,0.056472413,0.0012453711,0.000039993396,0.00004116669,0.000012315473,0.007749728,0.9336714,0.000062545245,0.00018094969,0.000098334414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000041391263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.3938403e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.057911,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000076161505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000067561546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29921657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7118004787","doi":"10.2478/adms-2025-0019","title":"Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Research Trends: A 60-Year Bibliometric Analysis Using Vosviewer and Biblioshiny","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Materials Science","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"123 Certification (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Gas tungsten arc welding; Welding; Process (computing); Weldability; Bibliometrics; Gas metal arc welding","score_opus":0.033378916524938136,"score_gpt":0.38176165955432667,"score_spread":0.34838274302938854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7118004787","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.988381,0.006822303,0.000992911,0.000050229886,0.00035865366,0.00009780696,0.0000097110415,0.00014459719,0.0031427501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799342,0.0124078,0.007536667,0.000011749667,0.000038261303,0.000017398143,0.0000013095204,0.000010344827,0.000042278534],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824095,0.000063776664,0.0003212288,0.00039056916,0.00046507615,0.0005184078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933,0.00015502855,0.000037372287,0.00028717628,0.00012207849,0.00006838779],"candidate_categories":["bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":["bibliometrics"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021403015,0.00014106605,0.000305251,0.14843847,0.00023550901,0.00046907418,0.0005077304,0.00006328727,0.00007392095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003263176,0.00011890602,0.000028100361,0.3491257,0.00042368768,0.0009904011,0.00029008306,0.0001347933,0.0000021321505],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045223896,0.00007845012,0.053996265,0.0007738279,0.000100007535,0.000058681075,0.0003144164,0.09880608,0.7867558,0.0018876297,0.0008469291,0.056336682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037850539,0.00007746588,0.0795431,0.00072644587,0.000095172254,0.000007147134,0.0002914317,0.010144127,0.89609563,0.0052437494,0.0068011596,0.0005960501],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017395992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004446611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20068723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000102525904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003085702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86121327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7132704899","doi":"","title":"GMAW weldability of HPVDC structural alloy: impact of surface and core characteristics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Prompt (Canada); National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Gas metal arc welding; Weldability; Die (integrated circuit); Core (optical fiber); Heat-affected zone; Die casting; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Surface roughness","score_opus":0.019610126952319742,"score_gpt":0.27959633543538276,"score_spread":0.25998620848306303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7132704899","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999074,0.000025753348,0.000016697568,0.000015406637,0.000053312768,0.000069336085,0.000107386535,0.00019450355,0.0004436436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988371,0.00013348223,0.0009707543,7.732728e-7,0.000016793272,6.869354e-7,0.000010762088,0.000012697877,0.000016965474],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99957234,0.0000067588417,0.0001517122,0.00007204269,0.00007968958,0.00011744253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997123,0.000054616423,0.000031693064,0.00013683001,0.000029053537,0.000035536334],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006909216,0.00007919477,0.00017398718,0.000025581554,0.000014597454,0.0000054135157,0.00007348991,0.000055972927,0.00009500499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003238592,0.00006181833,0.000043646436,0.0001112972,0.00005738313,0.000027224049,0.000040081904,0.00006902343,0.0000010060708],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036001733,0.000013530187,0.28282347,0.0007628724,0.00010742181,0.0000073995598,0.00044708856,0.0060632955,0.69966197,0.00026722575,0.005108081,0.004701632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009950847,0.000090522415,0.8946065,0.00004689948,0.000011488114,0.0000028128927,0.000019057527,0.007730608,0.09507808,0.0021387918,0.00006732636,0.00010842074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054397147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003224261,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.611783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014267456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008503857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25208786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7132791284","doi":"","title":"Hybrid/tandem laser-arc welding of thick low carbon martensitic stainless steel plates for hydraulic turbines application","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Hydro-Québec","keywords":"Welding; Charpy impact test; Martensitic stainless steel; Electric resistance welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Martensite; Plastic welding","score_opus":0.008663527797041696,"score_gpt":0.21801489025958612,"score_spread":0.20935136246254443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7132791284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.986498,0.00035505096,0.0077389497,0.0003570716,0.00013037866,0.00031286938,0.00003248616,0.00038302073,0.004192171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960594,0.00016482793,0.0033750508,0.00003867221,0.00012286623,0.00007780282,0.000036618065,0.000039430703,0.00008529126],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991896,0.000015044744,0.00022908303,0.00019101109,0.00014089874,0.00023437229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993971,0.00014668787,0.00004548845,0.00023875231,0.00012155296,0.000050404255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009427574,0.00014493751,0.00023819636,0.000055077962,0.000049746657,0.000025583548,0.00011846961,0.00008575243,0.000015890895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046787325,0.0001401745,0.00007031599,0.00011786365,0.000029601977,0.000046073008,0.000038942057,0.000113512004,0.0000011561809],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050412782,0.00016082835,0.0022842095,0.0030753815,0.00025197343,0.00006949926,0.000322105,0.06600611,0.8974352,0.002414496,0.009940359,0.017989447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022684876,0.000030420248,0.00046060054,0.00015200747,0.000032396514,0.000012412288,0.00006322131,0.03555378,0.952446,0.00843931,0.0024044118,0.0001785818],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001622275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012405599,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.055010837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039206865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001918282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.571615},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7155508994","doi":"10.14447/jnmes/vol28i2.a06","title":"Evaluation of Mechanical, Corrosion, and Wear Properties of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo Welded by Nd:YAG Laser, pp. 173-180","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Materials testing; Adhesive wear","score_opus":0.02053559806106392,"score_gpt":0.26169436484175007,"score_spread":0.24115876678068615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7155508994","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.952164,0.041806072,0.003352057,0.00029519427,0.0010337963,0.0012151462,0.000060159087,0.000039895738,0.000033659082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992882,0.00614032,0.00032960626,0.000012603681,0.0003695474,0.000039651088,0.000008952316,0.00005349799,0.00016382903],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958413,0.00025567913,0.002130447,0.00033035656,0.0009713159,0.00047085818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99714303,0.0001664182,0.0011145752,0.0002558462,0.0011061486,0.0002139817],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002623111,0.00042887885,0.0014551443,0.00016700166,0.000096279735,0.00017452346,0.0003268366,0.0005241602,0.000038549435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00082452176,0.00033772533,0.00016854102,0.00022763791,0.0001080891,0.0002026267,0.00011316537,0.00026628422,4.798257e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00074604404,0.00012717965,0.000010204006,0.003142318,0.00029321233,9.053701e-7,0.00009297445,0.00010574241,0.9731411,0.00011905315,0.021773877,0.00044739264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002143345,0.0009872664,0.000007781006,0.0050360044,0.00096054643,0.000079369325,0.000112126465,0.0016617281,0.9854213,0.0010595658,0.002235508,0.0002954784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016884357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000045505135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04071797,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002450959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003216275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7164511543","doi":"10.22044/jadm.2025.15180.2624","title":"Acquiring the Coordinates for the Welding Seam through the Utilization of Point Cloud and Welding Map","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Point cloud; Point (geometry); Noise (video); Robot welding; Computation; Key (lock); Identification (biology)","score_opus":0.22391916400789658,"score_gpt":0.5189418782995588,"score_spread":0.29502271429166227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7164511543","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48370442,0.4108854,0.089993834,0.005073952,0.003661079,0.0025472667,0.00010422536,0.000517415,0.0035124063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9700211,0.029038148,0.00035697306,0.00006767856,0.00030824647,0.000070529146,0.0000027098342,0.00005760851,0.00007698138],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986416,0.00007887532,0.0005019831,0.00021188232,0.00029249894,0.00027313066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997863,0.0014866774,0.00017634912,0.00032640682,0.000104594386,0.00004294879],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011935049,0.00022812703,0.00033071224,0.0001366892,0.00047454567,0.0012776473,0.0014528566,0.000083078245,0.00036366584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015656452,0.00011617397,0.00014454276,0.0005008237,0.00016994157,0.0008699452,0.00053518295,0.00031649607,8.395753e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026701982,0.0001463663,0.028056951,0.005415598,0.0026984813,0.0000339595,0.006669114,0.16934942,0.10355707,0.016769491,0.54743284,0.11960369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038404384,0.000030797237,0.01887155,0.003970451,0.00046165183,0.000045003093,0.0018606741,0.024246909,0.69769186,0.05901838,0.19274393,0.00067474524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029052698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020081932,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5941348,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042970507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023391996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W856389210","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.06.026","title":"Effect of part thickness, glass fiber and crystallinity on light scattering during laser transmission welding of thermoplastics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics & Laser Technology","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Crystallinity; Laser; Amorphous solid; Composite material; Optics; Scattering; Laser power scaling; Polypropylene; Fiber; Glass fiber","score_opus":0.007092028888860359,"score_gpt":0.22154208231431172,"score_spread":0.21445005342545137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W856389210","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99713284,0.0002350322,0.0005649905,0.00014565885,0.0000988613,0.00015803544,0.00001042782,0.00039998727,0.0012541617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99711514,0.0002961907,0.0024530601,0.000002894249,0.00003274576,0.000014130164,0.0000026069788,0.00004175066,0.000041514228],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991008,0.000029409699,0.00029186605,0.00018361406,0.00015449489,0.00023983866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940205,0.0001272495,0.0000728656,0.00027521583,0.000051869894,0.000070725204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021187072,0.00020897698,0.00035661284,0.00020127528,0.000043880118,0.000011267029,0.00018334453,0.000340416,0.000015886026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007419742,0.00016969799,0.000044629705,0.0002118115,0.00012715063,0.00005030557,0.000089092966,0.00029616413,0.0000028493725],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00088052754,0.00038031046,0.008454364,0.0074154194,0.00050027756,0.00019578959,0.0006210774,0.17256965,0.77422744,0.00104631,0.0016556577,0.032053154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000481018,0.00042275642,0.00007398946,0.00048412432,0.00004582966,0.000017497208,0.000022313923,0.0011245897,0.9949266,0.0003129986,0.00191835,0.00016997311],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000041866383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019347344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2206991,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002649229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009748378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6920083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W88705721","doi":"10.1161/circ.124.suppl_21.a9642","title":"Abstract 9642: Non-Invasive Magnetic Resonance Based Three-Dimensional Voltage Maps for Electrophysiology Procedure Guidance","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Circulation","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Berger (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Electrophysiology; Magnetic resonance imaging; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Internal medicine; Radiology; Physics","score_opus":0.015708195722543675,"score_gpt":0.2130591591868269,"score_spread":0.19735096346428324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W88705721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96804327,0.0018108812,0.028035823,0.000027795295,0.00018403049,0.00070309266,0.00003848962,0.00046137805,0.000695237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943664,0.000010949135,0.005255718,0.000041870942,0.000109080036,0.00012355165,0.000049630697,0.000032759024,0.000010037117],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931264,0.000004065815,0.00017311063,0.00019865463,0.00008625614,0.00022527888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996356,0.000050741124,0.00004111698,0.00016577521,0.000071130904,0.000035661276],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000050698978,0.00013583235,0.00012794693,0.000051267765,0.00006882348,0.000009285824,0.000101090154,0.00012710228,0.00005826401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037878846,0.00013139239,0.00005672978,0.00009437816,0.000029118488,0.000067336296,0.000008906578,0.000091191985,0.000011343824],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018663389,0.00013417986,0.019920735,0.0011388841,0.000035165656,0.000022797523,0.00011962069,0.07081087,0.87786806,0.0011420392,0.014488418,0.014132616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003935927,0.000120389326,0.7575164,0.00017645865,0.00001759448,0.0000039393017,0.0000018806204,0.03940925,0.19376774,0.007186267,0.0010948458,0.0003116691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031590644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003877738,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7375956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042514774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003454471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5358026},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W902449302","doi":"10.1520/stp158420140050","title":"Measuring Mechanical Properties of Fillet Arc T-Welded Aluminum Alloy AA7xxx Extrusions Using Digital Image Correlation","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Digital image correlation; Materials science; Fillet (mechanics); Alloy; Welding; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Arc (geometry); Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.07986398518253243,"score_gpt":0.22783052985732932,"score_spread":0.1479665446747969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W902449302","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.011199834,0.0026646508,0.02815282,0.00007243019,0.0009332326,0.0011844124,0.0002217139,0.0023713417,0.95319957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88089013,0.00041588928,0.013408008,0.000010290951,0.00036207616,0.000017239558,0.000102490645,0.00033277055,0.10446111],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985331,0.000007611674,0.0005044937,0.0002605878,0.0004473386,0.00024681535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992202,0.000030010915,0.00011354332,0.00034012462,0.00017938169,0.0001167486],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012098283,0.00038153568,0.00047217464,0.00016291851,0.000060104092,0.00007245554,0.0002333697,0.0004482646,0.000313084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006194019,0.00031096855,0.00017065491,0.000033102235,0.000083714236,0.0002146629,0.00020163142,0.0003770536,0.000024639758],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041198454,0.00037645854,0.000047824244,0.005982905,0.0026780604,0.0003828225,0.0013292518,0.13008432,0.60125905,0.100246064,0.13020991,0.026991328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018623951,0.0006109289,0.000015773618,0.014025038,0.0009088065,0.0003432577,0.00029200994,0.17237806,0.5697605,0.04007409,0.1938487,0.005880413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040092807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011512968,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8696903,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001304301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048450558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}