{"meta":{"query_hash":"4d27f2ba69ea","filters":{"venue":"Annals of Science"},"cohort_total":36,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":36,"exported":36,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/4d27f2ba69ea","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Annals+of+Science"},"results":[{"id":"W1842382953","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2015.1007522","title":"Atomic Theory and Multiple Combining Proportions: The Search for Whole Number Ratios","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History and advancements in chemistry","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Ternary operation; Atom (system on chip); Binary number; Periodic table; Atomic number; Simple (philosophy); Table (database); Chemistry; Atomic physics; Theoretical physics; Computational chemistry; Statistical physics; Physics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Arithmetic; Epistemology; Computer science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.10675121623314875,"score_gpt":0.380852541516106,"score_spread":0.2741013252829572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1842382953","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860472,0.0001376411,0.00029043504,0.00028341866,0.000053891334,0.0000786454,0.00006056646,0.000015444932,0.01303275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960284,0.0000078902,0.00049382134,0.00013250497,0.000030968888,0.000017761873,0.000006991004,0.0000043232876,0.003277298],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928373,0.000009800191,0.00013397692,0.00017254683,0.00023072211,0.00016923332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921006,0.00022387216,0.00007008128,0.00020572465,0.00021386473,0.000076381926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012697763,0.000054884895,0.000068692025,0.000011264393,0.00029402942,0.000022450975,0.00026906523,0.000021907681,0.00013769104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007100566,0.000040343875,0.000019859752,0.00010653469,0.0014050091,0.00021077323,0.000071598384,0.00006998241,0.0000072352727],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016259639,0.00017843937,0.0076771653,0.00020190807,0.00002026458,0.0000017816105,0.0051131216,0.0001410492,0.9466317,0.015082924,0.017012002,0.0077769915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028229537,0.0000133910125,0.000035347803,0.0000508227,0.0000034472998,0.000005141109,0.0035936271,0.0005232071,0.94306135,0.0055031916,0.04684381,0.00008435247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002868004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.6640343e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029831806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014153848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017557929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5176814},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965756332","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2014.949859","title":"The Correspondence of Michael Faraday","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History and advancements in chemistry","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Faraday cage; Philosophy; Electromagnetism; Chemist; Art history; Epistemology; Art; Physics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.034283286934249924,"score_gpt":0.3182106711670437,"score_spread":0.2839273842327938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1965756332","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91620934,0.00036925342,0.00018927535,0.00024882765,0.00016043661,0.000015349015,0.0000066829216,0.00001100714,0.08278981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936298,0.00006121533,0.00019739127,0.00009214846,0.000026181604,0.000001645326,2.8565296e-7,0.000002633565,0.005988677],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908894,0.000005944515,0.00018661389,0.00016002609,0.00037263753,0.00018583133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904734,0.00017755348,0.00016686182,0.00039220942,0.00016478996,0.000051269526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069546635,0.00005753429,0.00008473079,0.000017200193,0.00022021384,0.0000080483105,0.00080288656,0.000022257922,0.00011551534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006360335,0.000042000625,0.000033657565,0.0001910939,0.0024552883,0.000119010074,0.00008018287,0.00006783987,0.000006749426],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015034447,0.000021749522,0.00026497597,0.000032924996,0.0000019305046,2.2997258e-7,0.00014932214,0.00002100502,0.9869403,0.0019364036,0.00062511966,0.009990953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004300836,0.000010495359,0.00007905749,0.000039553197,0.0000011629546,0.000001170245,0.0001248559,0.00013340858,0.9063605,0.0008611481,0.09229889,0.000046734698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003932933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.735262e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09167376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000071195195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007740073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90466124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976152577","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2013.819446","title":"A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Sustainability and Climate Change Governance","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Global warming; Climate change; Data science; Environmental science; Computer science; Political science; Oceanography; Law; Geology","score_opus":0.048168798387836075,"score_gpt":0.30182205289537956,"score_spread":0.2536532545075435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976152577","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938797,0.00019212057,0.001360741,0.0016951216,0.000054228927,0.00009517461,0.00009623522,0.0000067152773,0.0026199995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981259,0.00021713035,0.0009979135,0.0006281631,0.000016802625,0.0000011594052,0.0000011661392,0.0000020511761,0.000009682163],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878025,0.00004083249,0.00018433799,0.00027681436,0.00041330387,0.00030445648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991537,0.000095682895,0.00013542577,0.0005130175,0.000034675006,0.00006753015],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018996573,0.00007199901,0.00013714295,0.000008771094,0.0002044396,0.000023382814,0.00088151265,0.000017960288,0.0000211755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013551707,0.000048204656,0.000022813281,0.00030771815,0.004573935,0.00051448186,0.0013229919,0.00004212442,0.0000036683746],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029674984,0.0005873294,0.2942681,0.0005623243,0.000029044226,0.000005205298,0.023605619,0.020415328,0.0014985,0.5719195,0.003287682,0.083524615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005459348,0.00010833172,0.079225555,0.00004841168,0.000012736718,0.000012391638,0.0015951004,0.8561433,0.00087893254,0.060096953,0.001153815,0.00017853845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007711825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006923766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.835728,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021430227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017676308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99813503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977248717","doi":"10.1080/00033790801906048","title":"Benjamin Moore, Science, and Medical Planning in early Twentieth-Century Britain","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Medical History and Innovations","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Health Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Period (music); Planner; Biochemist; State (computer science); Medical science; Sociology; Political science; Law; Public administration; Medicine; History; Classics; Medical education; Art; Aesthetics","score_opus":0.10650597293380126,"score_gpt":0.31185548391291545,"score_spread":0.2053495109791142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977248717","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9328697,0.00036490953,0.0000068391632,0.00084745575,0.00032330176,0.000050857616,0.000003652964,0.000011444564,0.06552184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982252,0.0000901967,0.000048567555,0.001067659,0.00007776801,0.000002666563,6.902479e-7,0.0000023406985,0.0004848783],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980468,0.000013313891,0.00024618194,0.0002238669,0.001179573,0.00029024197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922866,0.000048214497,0.000064221065,0.00011553082,0.00037490955,0.00016848574],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021681054,0.000059935697,0.00011253243,0.00045236293,0.00080583047,0.000041811127,0.00041166984,0.00002445697,0.00032931595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00091484823,0.000051184066,0.000013735234,0.00062284624,0.016704762,0.0008282457,0.00009413063,0.00014582477,0.000007210888],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018559722,0.00026182408,0.012644874,0.000038827082,0.0000040298105,0.00006975483,0.11085498,0.0000026911985,0.0010873454,0.8402043,0.019505695,0.015307093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096092524,0.00061214156,0.28995773,0.0006735003,0.0000053646045,0.00005196875,0.0107109975,0.0017002097,0.0026656548,0.0071275653,0.68489623,0.0006377073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018820276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023431829,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8330768,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013853359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00058358937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9859712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986427116","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2012.669703","title":"Descartes and Sunspots: Matters of Fact and Systematizing Strategies in the<i>Principia Philosophiae</i>","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Campion College","funders":"","keywords":"Copernican principle; Natural philosophy; Philosophy; Copernicus; Epistemology; Galileo (satellite navigation); Natural (archaeology); Interpretation (philosophy); Physics; History; Linguistics","score_opus":0.13563770187246105,"score_gpt":0.3127613078931297,"score_spread":0.17712360602066868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986427116","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858378,0.0013266056,0.0000016744272,0.0021965192,0.00009926094,0.000083379324,0.0000027038677,0.000003925096,0.010448119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99927396,0.000074165335,0.000022380516,0.00053944497,0.00005716457,0.000002187572,1.2441251e-7,0.0000015931422,0.000028957676],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992301,0.000019550102,0.00017971445,0.00009752754,0.0002824456,0.00019069127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996135,0.000070525995,0.00009501106,0.000099598394,0.000068302405,0.000053061955],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013231834,0.00005886064,0.00013705321,0.00013500753,0.00017972822,0.000045016957,0.00019006038,0.000009025233,0.00001804362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035852052,0.00003614069,0.00001306696,0.00009139558,0.0037387677,0.0011105218,0.000025097224,0.00003948359,0.0000014968665],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001010633,0.00008624444,0.008625533,0.00065487996,0.000005944812,0.0000026720243,0.45375568,0.000003266982,0.023900175,0.5105829,0.0008425863,0.001529973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069410016,0.00068115984,0.112877525,0.0025972505,0.000049640425,0.000090891284,0.82382786,0.00014190652,0.009665583,0.014754544,0.033987127,0.000632412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019066953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005873983,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4958284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000033760596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003383764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994227363","doi":"10.1080/00033790903261441","title":"‘Unaffected by Fortune, Good or Bad’: Context and Reception of Chandrasekhar's Mass–Radius Relationship for White Dwarfs, 1935–1965","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Chandrasekhar limit; Realm; White dwarf; Context (archaeology); Physics; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Degeneracy (biology); Theoretical physics; History; Law; Stars; Political science","score_opus":0.03892614504426023,"score_gpt":0.3064417864560221,"score_spread":0.2675156414117619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994227363","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9007416,0.00021349323,0.082772724,0.00079025445,0.00026661067,0.00080510735,0.00024399713,0.000028627575,0.014137617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98930407,0.0000037646187,0.008536965,0.000087619075,0.000026387745,0.00001679047,0.00002914776,0.0000044881194,0.0019907523],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990608,0.000019836267,0.00027266328,0.00024164685,0.00017552078,0.00022954347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992684,0.000087125016,0.00022454007,0.00014904136,0.00017098374,0.00009992371],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048410243,0.000106407,0.00018375675,0.00010998921,0.00023013611,0.000020442883,0.00017613373,0.00002909627,0.00010028008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004235258,0.000094357034,0.000044799115,0.00033068244,0.00038857415,0.0004175835,0.000016331738,0.000060716084,0.0000029551506],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007390026,0.00068634824,0.19635096,0.00008887245,0.00007961502,6.22597e-7,0.003598016,0.00007299336,0.05566056,0.06553111,0.053909082,0.6232828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004796729,0.0029608144,0.35402322,0.0005858555,0.00009041153,0.0000031681598,0.0026422667,0.0008954841,0.25663623,0.025112618,0.35088384,0.001369366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009958093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015301919,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62191343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009348199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015505002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38477683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014498264","doi":"10.1080/00033790701652452","title":"The Whipple Museum of the History of Science: Instruments and Interpretations, to Celebrate the 60th Anniversary of R. S. Whipple's Gift to the University of Cambridge","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature","funders":"","keywords":"Art history; Art; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03357288458149325,"score_gpt":0.24458705675569703,"score_spread":0.2110141721742038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014498264","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97716755,0.00030128012,0.000009344234,0.010699935,0.000474589,0.00023641612,0.000025022535,0.000002955943,0.011082899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99679565,0.00008706955,0.000029544923,0.000777685,0.000015364747,4.0131616e-7,1.5137157e-7,0.0000015170634,0.0022925949],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868006,0.000039322338,0.00022356142,0.00017700935,0.0006832182,0.00019682902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986415,0.000066430584,0.0002794388,0.00039101022,0.0005461159,0.00007551618],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017654027,0.000071631555,0.00014993195,0.00016230534,0.0007774568,0.000012150782,0.0014698482,0.0000111749505,0.000030945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000183695,0.00003559979,0.000048262333,0.00049573835,0.01596157,0.0004152358,0.0001761573,0.000069424066,0.0000013631882],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014269823,0.00017516475,0.0010623207,0.000057796475,0.000019764138,6.550032e-7,0.64114183,0.00009735401,0.16292801,0.06833266,0.10969001,0.016351724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043289308,0.0015674047,0.08495706,0.00046477967,0.000057846075,0.0000027349847,0.21272053,0.0005250765,0.049812943,0.00059177476,0.64862365,0.00024329047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007889475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000421688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53893363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042369567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006056435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9867164},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["sts"],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"design_other","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2019238400","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2014.949860","title":"An Enlightened Duke: The Life of Archibald Campbell (1682–1761), Earl of Ilay, 3rd Duke of Argyll","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Historical Studies of British Isles","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Classics; History","score_opus":0.06470776454514159,"score_gpt":0.2773176987326985,"score_spread":0.21260993418755691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019238400","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9121764,0.0011046969,0.000026770593,0.0020489383,0.0002995475,0.00016318579,0.00007684495,0.000016380296,0.08408726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986599,0.00022983474,0.00015107771,0.00034967976,0.00013191918,0.0000039316974,9.555985e-7,0.000008072016,0.00046461978],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981019,0.00006776593,0.00053495,0.0002523365,0.000729915,0.00031314505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99799883,0.00022959856,0.00044396395,0.00045654384,0.0007523945,0.000118654636],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011010864,0.0001210348,0.0004017256,0.00012490078,0.00033657052,0.00002556577,0.0010302424,0.000027436892,0.00014478751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005735008,0.00008654548,0.00012152123,0.00019677395,0.0063772327,0.0002879954,0.00016585313,0.000086475484,0.000007939552],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016091921,0.001430608,0.0021142578,0.00048598452,0.00015347381,0.0000033252436,0.101731926,0.00015883135,0.09465706,0.7187871,0.050278243,0.030038286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009821237,0.0039304844,0.036374897,0.00056950847,0.00010665004,0.0000046862806,0.012673812,0.00072184036,0.23425683,0.01677091,0.69274414,0.0008640878],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035097743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000977324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7020162,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008683438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010153477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99632686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026200563","doi":"10.1080/00033790600625427","title":"Ptolemy's Ancient Planetary Observations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ptolemy's table of chords; Astrobiology; Philosophy; Classics; Geology; Archaeology; Paleontology; Art; History; Biology","score_opus":0.0402739518378879,"score_gpt":0.26561355397870823,"score_spread":0.22533960214082033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026200563","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9339617,0.0003102287,0.0016388808,0.0010225684,0.00020203792,0.0000638931,0.000026375807,0.000014521351,0.06275983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985388,0.0000018073564,0.000665794,0.000050938444,0.00007580271,0.0000026880484,0.0000062494714,0.0000014232052,0.0006564773],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937916,0.0000047581725,0.00013557762,0.00012861143,0.00016107365,0.00019082909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996908,0.000017809884,0.000058030535,0.00009588515,0.00009851042,0.000038994454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013018589,0.000051708572,0.00007938722,0.000049224447,0.0002622005,0.000009053421,0.00016196442,0.000008700849,0.00005638883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029433018,0.000041633786,0.000036892987,0.00039822492,0.00051410834,0.00014248889,0.000035046574,0.000049975013,0.000022517184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000113591705,0.0006808845,0.53252244,0.000012369346,0.000048941492,0.0000017158662,0.00073209486,0.006435097,0.016348358,0.3336855,0.08822115,0.021300117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021127294,0.0000992484,0.7347829,0.00003334699,0.000014078096,3.607293e-7,0.0004294203,0.0007296372,0.026201548,0.012941681,0.2242819,0.0002746324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004063848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022157235,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3207438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000045912643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005412183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20166607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033693395","doi":"10.1080/00033790110044675","title":"The Scientific Interests of Archibald Campbell, 1st Earl of Ilay and 3rd Duke of Argyll (1682-1761)","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Scottish History and National Identity","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Amateur; Politics; Sociology; Position (finance); Law; Classics; Political science; History; Economics","score_opus":0.1452768434249539,"score_gpt":0.2881124998959352,"score_spread":0.1428356564709813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033693395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.978274,0.0013157029,0.0000018041786,0.00029611433,0.00036715722,0.00006858899,0.000040706433,0.0000034689156,0.019632488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944637,0.00014038892,0.000021365375,0.00003127671,0.000026323758,0.0000010888135,5.391456e-7,0.0000023407886,0.0053129694],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886215,0.000027586917,0.0003056278,0.000162913,0.00050062867,0.0001410899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99870324,0.00014149098,0.00027942448,0.00020969153,0.00062288187,0.000043269767],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010800122,0.00005787351,0.00013621969,0.00021000607,0.0004131085,0.000057778074,0.00044215308,0.000013095181,0.00024220343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002488863,0.000042572887,0.00005320173,0.00019907189,0.009393635,0.00039840405,0.00009577825,0.000051935684,0.000005646206],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006875801,0.0005400692,0.0041035535,0.00025485113,0.000045904617,0.0000020061432,0.055442195,0.000022731794,0.07268233,0.81133145,0.04448218,0.011023952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008419282,0.0011646282,0.08413384,0.00084619096,0.000056968573,0.000010913353,0.008736575,0.0012525078,0.45190436,0.036262322,0.41418833,0.00060142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035276782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001249966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7750691,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000049841724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050625848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9933022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034151016","doi":"10.1080/00033790701776095","title":"Scientific Institutions and Practice in France and Britain, c. 1700–c. 1870","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Natural History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Publishing; Scientific publishing; Political science; History; Classics; Economic history; Law","score_opus":0.10121788819867192,"score_gpt":0.3362211764144904,"score_spread":0.23500328821581848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034151016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92055494,0.008345169,0.0000034918367,0.00485849,0.00043264288,0.000090688205,0.0000052203686,0.00001670997,0.065692626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953771,0.00021461784,0.00023671889,0.0014646654,0.000030687308,9.663075e-7,2.9250648e-7,0.0000011411412,0.0026737798],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902844,0.000016475224,0.00014817712,0.00027975484,0.00031582956,0.00021130337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993575,0.00006308885,0.00007189277,0.00012619306,0.00029608698,0.00008524341],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012879391,0.000062994404,0.00009546025,0.00034005882,0.0010354719,0.00014859255,0.00022205268,0.000016832619,0.000024726813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000537061,0.000056467004,0.000013878064,0.00031788822,0.01106519,0.0025260136,0.000029376552,0.000087600114,0.0000087843155],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028498314,0.00030323752,0.00037883982,0.000033034295,0.000002850665,0.000024015897,0.13834517,0.000022328813,0.021985393,0.71341825,0.014941368,0.11051699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012714548,0.00014730117,0.011352176,0.000067164954,0.0000029213663,0.000014236948,0.003551548,0.000063144296,0.00039293594,0.0034778486,0.98064893,0.00015465144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015359126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019986156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96570754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012858449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016706335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99162614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044592176","doi":"10.1080/000337900296263","title":"Networks, Hybrids and Forms of Life","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Origins and Evolution of Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of King's College","funders":"","keywords":"Hybrid; Sociology; Biology; Botany","score_opus":0.022977010375209203,"score_gpt":0.28603190206369045,"score_spread":0.26305489168848123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044592176","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9803728,0.00010681066,0.0002651527,0.00025129717,0.00002731021,0.00002576841,0.000009922019,0.0000030776898,0.018937858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99944854,0.00003513167,0.00009929369,0.00009032161,0.000054611482,6.6669975e-7,6.5049124e-7,0.0000015595697,0.00026924539],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999509,0.0000031089112,0.00012556792,0.000094325624,0.00012815055,0.00013988843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969804,0.00001022439,0.000049591312,0.00009683692,0.00006152048,0.00008376244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021574499,0.00003910154,0.00008675733,0.00003104402,0.0000705937,0.000010978918,0.0001222085,0.000006183883,0.00036899486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035525904,0.000031215128,0.000026077038,0.00020537183,0.00054035283,0.00022577713,0.00002097785,0.000025710537,0.000003589814],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005524785,0.00029531564,0.43133125,0.00002883393,0.00003828214,3.2225728e-7,0.0004673456,0.004637863,0.001266919,0.23771402,0.014559876,0.30960473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011786921,0.0006690922,0.7588079,0.00017293997,0.000020384901,0.0000018310442,0.0009045076,0.045504257,0.033442784,0.03955409,0.11904462,0.0006989003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000074462696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.141943e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32747668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":8.637629e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005353499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4040235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049132669","doi":"10.1080/00033790500286320","title":"Life of µ: The Observation of the Spontaneous decay of Mesotrons and its Consequences, 1938–1947","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Meson; Physics; Nuclear force; Nuclear physics; Yukawa potential; Particle physics; Subatomic particle; Nuclear structure; Realization (probability); Theoretical physics; Elementary particle; Nucleon; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.09450361708254817,"score_gpt":0.27450663895994704,"score_spread":0.18000302187739886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2049132669","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99237424,0.00032338576,7.3548114e-7,0.0022624137,0.0012236815,0.00014586118,0.000043248772,0.000003190885,0.00362324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951837,0.000039385643,0.000094926814,0.00025798823,0.000013987448,0.0000010902863,4.1480035e-7,0.0000021343226,0.0044063814],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987303,0.000034818142,0.00033894682,0.0001482086,0.0005936095,0.00015409353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876934,0.000059526472,0.000396291,0.00023232958,0.0004942323,0.000048260852],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081452855,0.0000633937,0.00012948348,0.000064452805,0.00022310222,0.000023675524,0.0006244645,0.000015964395,0.00014177835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033963507,0.00003661056,0.00004644587,0.00023891476,0.0037127663,0.00031495997,0.00014442968,0.000043010554,0.0000018391695],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000101422476,0.0006062275,0.035822842,0.00042001889,0.000118431264,0.0000031322513,0.1451528,0.00048581956,0.42303085,0.34390077,0.03600137,0.014356275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031799715,0.00009682294,0.18589064,0.00040627609,0.000029679057,0.000013327752,0.004332266,0.00030784484,0.7219773,0.0015375875,0.084872365,0.00021791949],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010476155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030769288,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3423632,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000065659465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003694496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060202730","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2012.721123","title":"‘The Deepest and Most Rewarding Hole Ever Drilled’: Ice Cores and the Cold War in Greenland","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Polar Research and Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Arctic Institute of North America","keywords":"Ice sheet; Geopolitics; Ice core; Geography; Narrative; Cold war; Politics; History; Oceanography; Physical geography; Geology; Political science; Law; Art","score_opus":0.028872296707786845,"score_gpt":0.29774917660205175,"score_spread":0.2688768798942649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060202730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930537,0.0011173198,0.0000062166077,0.0023963463,0.000040974282,0.00012721396,0.000001493608,0.0000026566015,0.0032541326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983118,0.0010465888,0.000051746738,0.00038453043,0.000013211835,0.0000059351037,7.9570036e-8,0.0000021403785,0.00018395422],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892616,0.00006455077,0.000107645035,0.00014795458,0.00028580573,0.0004678575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993479,0.00030778584,0.00004298749,0.0001485661,0.000011660845,0.00014109627],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032665597,0.000053824468,0.00008592093,0.000030823874,0.00047331743,0.00003299441,0.00031809584,0.000020828087,0.000027099602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005322538,0.000029313924,0.000011042778,0.0003612612,0.005037544,0.00048124016,0.0004159726,0.000088298584,0.000021024987],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007246125,0.0000318611,0.9739617,0.000004347807,0.000003700886,0.0000020445648,0.0017418774,0.000039462244,0.011781232,0.0020689673,0.0027176202,0.0075747296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035575265,0.00005392488,0.98147863,0.000008539839,0.0000017648856,0.0000111232475,0.00047654938,0.0010391541,0.004155543,0.0009971999,0.0113492245,0.00007261153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010046371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000824839,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008631604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013332722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015374564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067891115","doi":"10.1080/00033790310001654800","title":"Le régime de recherche utilitaire du professeur‐consultant au cours de la Seconde Révolution industrielle","year":2004,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Political science; Management; Humanities; Business; Engineering; Library science; Sociology; Economics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.19256601348088426,"score_gpt":0.35865497476046937,"score_spread":0.1660889612795851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067891115","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.789545,0.004963827,0.00008077659,0.18583389,0.00026286577,0.00010028245,0.00003146299,0.000022176504,0.019159742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9745864,0.003436265,0.00021063113,0.00053307094,0.000271679,0.0000085506135,0.0000014924159,0.000007059672,0.020944836],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99814826,0.00029118193,0.00030925343,0.00029140248,0.0003286509,0.0006312259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985856,0.0002711535,0.00016772148,0.00015437817,0.0006079127,0.00021325589],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003480663,0.00015717144,0.00026658992,0.000068024456,0.004768933,0.00009680185,0.0003915524,0.00023182786,0.00014824703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010694375,0.00013356742,0.00015394864,0.0005051359,0.0067821518,0.00046178204,0.000107102234,0.00048548015,0.000021193357],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031388103,0.0006000418,0.0013610892,0.000090383095,0.000101145735,0.000019708015,0.25972423,0.00028007582,0.0015050804,0.71727395,0.012203731,0.006809147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094307744,0.0006879396,0.0057175774,0.0005610108,0.00020429569,0.000024339135,0.22682875,0.0005693441,0.009009887,0.21483812,0.5397502,0.0008654672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029041827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027242766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52754647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016306401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023688115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079019886","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2014.989542","title":"Leibniz's Observations on Hydrology: An Unpublished Letter on the Great Lombardy Flood of 1705","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","keywords":"Flood myth; Natural (archaeology); Epistemology; History; Environmental ethics; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Philosophy; Archaeology","score_opus":0.20513226841054932,"score_gpt":0.31995961236229115,"score_spread":0.11482734395174182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079019886","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9647775,0.0000026930315,0.000026977306,0.020666124,0.00010398418,0.00014223301,0.000012855441,0.000013371961,0.014254216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922711,0.000004166819,0.00023412457,0.0073378407,0.000020330164,0.0000069638745,0.0000021585017,0.000004087511,0.000119219396],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844176,0.00007810547,0.00021696853,0.00033505322,0.00065489876,0.00027322673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989247,0.00012621869,0.00010878904,0.00063558196,0.00006999331,0.00013475536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022894396,0.000093996976,0.00013060292,0.000059029062,0.00015836387,0.000034141318,0.0008405674,0.000042891086,0.000267844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005012095,0.00006099208,0.00004120772,0.00064063934,0.0021648188,0.000774842,0.00019199363,0.00010171368,0.0000709082],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038795487,0.0036949473,0.22197525,0.000035611025,0.000040492785,0.000008907881,0.014280681,0.2008855,0.31215322,0.105910994,0.1352533,0.0053731254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011165884,0.0040840465,0.6065586,0.00009664121,0.000036177524,0.000007741559,0.0009237745,0.056845568,0.20968199,0.09655324,0.023311922,0.00078370055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003497074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006627151,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38458335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026507376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045843455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7976365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093614910","doi":"10.1080/00033790902981239","title":"Alchimie et paracelsisme en France à la fin de la Renaissance (1567–1625)","year":2011,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Art","score_opus":0.0374223943035704,"score_gpt":0.3070642321677844,"score_spread":0.269641837864214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093614910","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.56871474,0.03804262,0.017207157,0.014334146,0.002143579,0.0003738408,0.00012837516,0.000059729256,0.35899585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98314536,0.0010002278,0.0058052125,0.00018851446,0.00016933646,0.00001439205,0.0000010116689,0.0000110609435,0.009664893],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99820256,0.00022865593,0.00031124495,0.00039090842,0.00026191762,0.00060472265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988754,0.00029210403,0.0002152291,0.00027541947,0.00014643035,0.00019542128],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015187707,0.00020320856,0.0002952976,0.00007971308,0.00036063459,0.000033946566,0.0005852925,0.000113142785,0.00015916808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007324073,0.00018757832,0.00014878807,0.00058872113,0.00410537,0.00043389967,0.00016553965,0.0004448317,0.00014861138],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007830211,0.0020944418,0.043079633,0.00013163475,0.00029561442,0.0000359837,0.06194413,0.0007306207,0.0058046607,0.6694639,0.04150325,0.17483787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002654524,0.00017641248,0.04153296,0.00033527537,0.000035342484,0.0000034773445,0.0007179277,0.00017254743,0.03006987,0.009880042,0.9164625,0.00034819753],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040323587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020737043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87495923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021485424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043625172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986049},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125652954","doi":"10.1080/00033790600610494","title":"‘Public’ Science: Hydrogen Balloons and Lavoisier's Decomposition of Water","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decomposition; Hydrogen; Chemistry; Philosophy","score_opus":0.0755606094991665,"score_gpt":0.2962439486366523,"score_spread":0.22068333913748583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2125652954","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9214764,0.00014270132,0.0000060677708,0.0023642564,0.00016040938,0.00005664326,0.000005220932,0.000011135994,0.07577711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99859434,0.000019080118,0.000075190095,0.00029243625,0.000091739945,0.0000014557475,0.0000012762036,0.0000022701506,0.00092220854],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861205,0.000007259123,0.00021015135,0.00022598365,0.0006133912,0.00033118375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915284,0.000014238396,0.000075136675,0.00014857622,0.00049858453,0.000110627654],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015010269,0.00006564182,0.00012502338,0.0004120032,0.0007041333,0.000063316795,0.0003951964,0.000012113069,0.00023517689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003834195,0.000044157016,0.000026319223,0.00022599661,0.016538767,0.0011499985,0.00007330013,0.000038205544,0.000011539093],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006311717,0.00012326225,0.00066647417,0.000025749718,0.0000026461921,0.0000018898221,0.015130435,0.0000081183225,0.7751698,0.20282733,0.002727414,0.0033105689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026248876,0.00040063035,0.004409681,0.00007842788,0.000010898745,0.000008836005,0.0030883867,0.00026667575,0.865486,0.011643379,0.114121296,0.00022328964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034875373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011005785,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19118395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011194006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016407733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9861376},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2210166852","doi":"10.1080/00033790801956282","title":"Monkey Trials and Gorilla Sermons: Evolution and Christianity from Darwin to Intelligent Design","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Religion, Ecology, and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Darwin (ADL); Christianity; Gorilla; Philosophy; Intelligent design; Charles darwin; Classics; Anthropology; Theology; Darwinism; Epistemology; Sociology; History; Computer science","score_opus":0.27042017416332575,"score_gpt":0.45137007742963536,"score_spread":0.1809499032663096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2210166852","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92825085,0.006203191,0.014632422,0.04189596,0.00059211155,0.00074833416,0.000018991672,0.000053783926,0.0076043783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99216616,0.0049067438,0.0018598892,0.00090577855,0.00010918853,0.0000026132727,3.0936056e-7,0.000001798695,0.00004752624],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983478,0.0003486159,0.00029844567,0.00030412542,0.00040370607,0.0002973138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986345,0.00054606464,0.00013585167,0.00013740179,0.0002898781,0.00025628353],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0088816,0.00007877936,0.0002456494,0.0001251882,0.000654032,0.000094007475,0.00027564148,0.00009751685,0.000017288228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006344121,0.00006982507,0.00002926327,0.00055411167,0.0016481016,0.0003062723,0.000047880694,0.00008244244,0.000007884167],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00068502704,0.000542206,0.019400798,0.00004473093,0.000077982055,0.0000137909565,0.21893705,0.00067436765,0.09766281,0.38976893,0.07631845,0.19587386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027699387,0.0008984643,0.338317,0.000114234215,0.000031332424,0.0000018523613,0.012609583,0.00056860625,0.018137662,0.61320615,0.015406376,0.00043176266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035371766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000344393,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3189162,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028982166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032562713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7594964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2341104388","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2016.1157731","title":"A beautiful sea: P. A. M. Dirac's epistemology and ontology of the vacuum","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dirac (video compression format); Ontology; Epistemology; Theory of relativity; Theoretical physics; Dirac equation; Dirac sea; Philosophy of science; Beauty; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03409497713857125,"score_gpt":0.3087105168437903,"score_spread":0.27461553970521907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2341104388","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98941255,0.000046290195,0.0022702194,0.0065343753,0.000054196964,0.000068031055,0.000024948698,0.000002227546,0.0015871589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99973935,0.000007995651,0.000057496938,0.00007077555,0.000013502284,0.00000563357,1.322299e-7,0.0000016070468,0.0001035314],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951273,0.000013637666,0.000119444114,0.0001316798,0.000089253,0.0001332576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994863,0.000054056487,0.00010873431,0.00021253178,0.00010426392,0.00003410359],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002642492,0.000040110262,0.00009021662,0.00002538605,0.00009286424,0.0000037661646,0.0002755338,0.000011845455,0.000031954027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011971706,0.0000211152,0.000030176434,0.0001803746,0.00084807246,0.00006145969,0.00010883342,0.00002351585,0.0000029967418],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015664966,0.00002916732,0.009639893,0.0000023601958,0.0000040327823,2.8302617e-8,0.000053523534,8.704296e-8,0.06935731,0.91199136,0.00020487014,0.008715809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014578311,0.00006669632,0.07327169,0.000032067386,0.000006439625,0.0000015815318,0.00008963468,0.0001401938,0.25896606,0.66420585,0.0029991788,0.0000748389],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008163944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035554433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24778551,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001415201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000064697946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31247583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2411255763","doi":"10.1080/00033790412331323024","title":"Romantic Life and Science","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena","keywords":"Romance; Philosophy; Sociology; Aesthetics; Psychoanalysis; Psychology; Epistemology","score_opus":0.11244392599225951,"score_gpt":0.31673879098354557,"score_spread":0.20429486499128607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2411255763","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88860893,0.0004518147,0.000003949965,0.0059499317,0.00025892112,0.000048016107,0.0000011172593,0.000017166396,0.10466017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950243,0.00006666467,0.00014250787,0.0024365792,0.00023882918,9.680715e-7,5.8047593e-8,0.0000018239053,0.002088273],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998703,0.0000034939221,0.0001425139,0.0002371904,0.0006135543,0.00030023832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992328,0.000017583181,0.000061681334,0.00015609464,0.00029650712,0.00023531352],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001398342,0.00005766056,0.00009784814,0.0003000974,0.0008545136,0.00008308476,0.0004667771,0.000006976068,0.00027034502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002735834,0.000043527525,0.000015064865,0.00027080486,0.023582194,0.0014480336,0.00006947354,0.000043835786,0.000050975847],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012959306,0.0001487445,0.0007914505,0.000039608705,0.0000037398545,0.000003238779,0.11780659,0.000011944606,0.08148509,0.6857003,0.02165161,0.09234473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024014676,0.00036918506,0.009608107,0.000092948794,0.000006548591,0.0000075470575,0.009984041,0.0009803692,0.02226695,0.0014619349,0.954707,0.00027519284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005874911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000042617223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9330554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008345885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034123583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9790751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2677216782","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2017.1339328","title":"Making Kin, Making Trouble: Donna Haraway’s Critical Ongoingness","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Italian Fascism and Post-war Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Psychoanalysis; Art; Psychology","score_opus":0.1795540055117271,"score_gpt":0.4564420100273279,"score_spread":0.2768880045156008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2677216782","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.57984734,0.00042366624,0.0005242653,0.03596929,0.0030459487,0.0003187178,0.000032917258,0.00012502242,0.37971282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965879,0.000055030538,0.000996176,0.0013310759,0.0003005915,0.0000043354207,2.9242503e-7,0.000008244873,0.0007163921],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99729365,0.00007175666,0.0002562153,0.00042089744,0.0011327454,0.00082472555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981575,0.00016409539,0.00023059,0.00064022926,0.0006272628,0.00018031591],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036759644,0.00012532066,0.00020912211,0.00009183779,0.0051691444,0.0008370356,0.0021362205,0.00009901726,0.0001440291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0035254075,0.00012196904,0.000110324094,0.00041527636,0.00957696,0.0020097333,0.0003153679,0.00015688193,0.0000511274],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037405873,0.0001792341,0.0260107,0.00011650308,0.000019122746,0.000042518477,0.062579684,0.0000064046994,0.004501167,0.8574559,0.014417611,0.03463376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012056978,0.00057112915,0.50209874,0.0024610262,0.00009154483,0.000026811682,0.06449507,0.00084964593,0.029557658,0.08329854,0.31258756,0.002756594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005747841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002040763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77415735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033023207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00056057103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2748459186","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2017.1347714","title":"Natures in Translation: Romanticism and Colonial Natural History","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Romanticism; Annals; Colonialism; Natural history; Literature; Philosophy; Art; History; Classics; Archaeology; Biology; Botany","score_opus":0.12575503649260164,"score_gpt":0.32666844355142866,"score_spread":0.20091340705882701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2748459186","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92267615,0.0030920238,3.599737e-7,0.005642618,0.0013230662,0.00006000819,0.0000012712121,0.0000070779342,0.06719741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965534,0.00006408544,0.000040677463,0.0006513855,0.00012683058,0.0000010510917,1.7792111e-7,0.0000015198435,0.0025608575],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993114,0.0000053606414,0.00010913003,0.00015085303,0.0002675525,0.00015570097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996083,0.000018060979,0.00008369048,0.00014907331,0.000091181675,0.000049726237],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005570169,0.00004865731,0.000098755445,0.0001409935,0.0005055531,0.000043083433,0.00035338404,0.000014183447,0.0001014995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010221957,0.000038891354,0.00001646412,0.000020605345,0.0075309942,0.00081909273,0.00002439719,0.000080048434,0.000003350473],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011153911,0.00016086116,0.0025696128,0.000097723205,0.0000081632425,0.000053236505,0.40734988,0.0000023576965,0.0372823,0.40985364,0.047689527,0.09482117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042326676,0.00017706338,0.08111107,0.00012370425,0.0000047523413,0.000003935361,0.0013587981,0.00031556096,0.0014161887,0.001983171,0.9129075,0.00017497965],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005185465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013210351,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.865218,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014099395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000110066714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99516994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765330026","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2017.1393561","title":"Can diplopia reshape our views of perspective?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Modernity; Aesthetics; Sociology; Diplopia; Epistemology; Space (punctuation); Philosophy; Art; Visual arts; Psychology; Linguistics","score_opus":0.25957838677271194,"score_gpt":0.39626392719296705,"score_spread":0.1366855404202551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2765330026","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.537932,0.00041952662,0.0000016288262,0.020132432,0.0007447361,0.00009720671,0.00001421727,0.0000111329455,0.44064713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98979217,0.00006764306,0.000037219328,0.00040919377,0.00018195345,0.000001399662,1.2212634e-7,0.0000024238875,0.009507891],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899155,0.0000073550773,0.00016279842,0.00018914005,0.0004435308,0.00020560871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865997,0.0000083617415,0.00024541526,0.00040170402,0.00059025903,0.00009430194],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008721223,0.00006137604,0.00016083033,0.00013190956,0.0009537027,0.000052578784,0.00089128537,0.000010710811,0.00019510812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038214633,0.000045203695,0.000046581023,0.00004782557,0.005932257,0.00056241226,0.00007472424,0.00005121434,0.000020597916],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017657905,0.00011866972,0.0007428301,0.00004299703,0.0000084830235,0.0000065240365,0.16911016,0.0000011033588,0.026745412,0.7532223,0.04146124,0.008522659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041453683,0.0008401343,0.025340362,0.00041062996,0.000019423826,0.0000038135006,0.12162748,0.000056316214,0.034550566,0.01847348,0.79789996,0.0003633262],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001397141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010113177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7564387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012089512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019090173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889271252","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2018.1504323","title":"Reading Newton in early modern Europe","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Reading (process); Newton's method; Literature; Calculus (dental); Philosophy; Art; Physics; Medicine; Linguistics","score_opus":0.14090872384224273,"score_gpt":0.32090683427986433,"score_spread":0.1799981104376216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889271252","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7702169,0.00003871018,0.00000850956,0.0011553206,0.00032509846,0.00003283055,7.947476e-7,0.000010855945,0.22821102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892382,0.000018438077,0.000030713658,0.00089619757,0.00025091865,7.4061467e-7,1.0854158e-7,0.0000026639934,0.00956203],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991052,0.00000768952,0.0001398144,0.00017789815,0.00032594413,0.00024346214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994186,0.000012433781,0.000052883308,0.0001397482,0.00030163352,0.00007466811],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081170595,0.000048874466,0.00008675153,0.0002357984,0.0002686293,0.000036669928,0.00035510605,0.00000815312,0.00019463264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011513421,0.000038509934,0.0000139095555,0.00024856156,0.005669111,0.00069043675,0.000036489888,0.00004648444,0.000105321014],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035611156,0.0001248441,0.0025280826,0.000022274127,0.0000028526172,0.000015327489,0.54486483,0.0000054516872,0.08096416,0.30202302,0.029026913,0.04038661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025992945,0.0010093633,0.013855336,0.00027197177,0.0000035973005,0.0000025751913,0.004324942,0.0009960992,0.025930386,0.006191974,0.94687945,0.0002743703],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004345822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016594309,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9178525,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006818177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009095793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970369},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022495135","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2020.1738751","title":"Failed utopias and practical chemistry: the Priestleys, the Du Ponts, and the transmission of transatlantic science, 1770–1820","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Gunpowder; Enlightenment; Chemist; Alchemy; Ideology; Brother; Classics; Law; Art history; Economic history; History; Philosophy; Political science; Chemistry; Theology; Politics; Archaeology","score_opus":0.07638305080203699,"score_gpt":0.2910072968828509,"score_spread":0.21462424608081387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022495135","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76217395,0.0008999842,0.000063128486,0.22007917,0.00009559715,0.00025709788,0.000003599623,0.000011036093,0.016416432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966705,0.00046901437,0.00002890535,0.0023897118,0.000108484805,0.0000028302745,1.4198001e-7,0.0000022699987,0.0003281728],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986438,0.00002957858,0.00019865939,0.00022421186,0.0006917529,0.00021198603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991764,0.00021473541,0.00010525123,0.00016778278,0.00020974099,0.00012612359],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002481891,0.00008105067,0.00015567598,0.000028612632,0.0012011034,0.00010488355,0.00049963576,0.000013318851,0.00011139512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046741767,0.00003197815,0.000031545955,0.00027473771,0.038610347,0.00046790572,0.00005193714,0.00012318337,0.0000011810989],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034495757,0.00011423662,0.00028372856,0.00021629003,0.000020216867,0.000008538646,0.6210117,0.000005384058,0.10270617,0.24790877,0.008887021,0.018493036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014899792,0.0004816489,0.0055683996,0.00021654848,0.00009699296,0.000043842083,0.066871576,0.004576959,0.035543893,0.00242241,0.8824022,0.00028558992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009093268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009590341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8735151,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000031249338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030484298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.964006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226106793","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2066178","title":"Minerva’s French Sisters: Women of Science in Enlightenment France","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Natural History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Enlightenment; Sociology; Philosophy; History; Art history; Epistemology","score_opus":0.05461860484951812,"score_gpt":0.2670676814333444,"score_spread":0.2124490765838263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226106793","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95712066,0.000790828,4.4189414e-7,0.000498356,0.0008596702,0.000090284775,0.000015358997,0.000008152681,0.040616266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98993546,0.000021576228,0.00007363918,0.0006106471,0.000028641802,0.000019059838,2.7518018e-7,0.0000028191064,0.009307904],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974116,0.000022564465,0.0003272049,0.0003723032,0.0014035816,0.00046274642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990983,0.00003105053,0.0002072513,0.0002810241,0.0002736851,0.00010867446],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025442461,0.00009113997,0.00019193256,0.00075792987,0.0010515335,0.000024843452,0.0014285402,0.000009511246,0.0012213341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008304375,0.00008216346,0.00004621344,0.0009498159,0.016484015,0.0010216284,0.00024631192,0.00012882767,0.000010348026],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045352215,0.0007991114,0.0020869866,0.0001004026,0.000005783296,0.000021160122,0.69748425,0.00025389701,0.21471055,0.03732528,0.013707924,0.033459302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004210644,0.0013613015,0.01489578,0.000108842236,0.0000037672548,0.0000070784845,0.055509612,0.0004926178,0.02261814,0.002712641,0.90133256,0.00053659244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00056709076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000080831676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8876246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001836189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005018771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99969167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234214287","doi":"10.1080/00033790701245497","title":"The ‘New Historiography’ and the Limits of Alchemy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Historical Astronomy and Related Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Alchemy; Historiography; Philosophy; Art history; Classics; Art; Humanities; History","score_opus":0.024825375413375924,"score_gpt":0.28888809057913556,"score_spread":0.26406271516575963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4234214287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7317516,0.023779279,0.009621417,0.015778294,0.0011263964,0.00047572397,0.000007907969,0.000020309431,0.21743907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990296,0.000089664536,0.00012352591,0.000023392644,0.0000516333,8.956439e-7,6.4403196e-8,0.000001231812,0.0006800193],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994179,0.000008177067,0.00015441241,0.00009015936,0.00016154535,0.00016778865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994362,0.00019005944,0.00010719692,0.00011532883,0.000100789766,0.000050450122],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008654648,0.000047909456,0.00009498359,0.000036412872,0.00039677686,0.000007652573,0.00023119,0.0000092394075,0.0000043713753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019295156,0.000022777836,0.000063483756,0.0004089028,0.0027116197,0.000059935774,0.000043837626,0.000066541645,0.0000010804184],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000141038,0.00010752476,0.018731162,0.000007320461,0.00014131128,2.334369e-7,0.0070461924,0.00001546083,0.002885528,0.6170783,0.014343123,0.33950278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013713855,0.0002364223,0.042761803,0.00006890944,0.000063508574,7.047713e-7,0.0045731375,0.000056957226,0.12861715,0.044192553,0.7777556,0.00030183635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015116938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000255947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76341254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000028132117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044674325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323975055","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2181399","title":"Colonial rodent control in Tanganyika and the application of ecological frameworks","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul; South Africa Netherlands research Programme on Alternatives in Development; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Eastern Danish Health Science Research Forum; BCCDC Foundation for Public Health; HSBC in the Community USA Foundation; Wenner-Gren Foundation; Eastern New Mexico University","keywords":"Plague (disease); Outbreak; Ecology; Colonialism; Rodent; Geography; Population; Tanzania; Biology; Environmental planning; Demography; Archaeology; Sociology","score_opus":0.024525949754834138,"score_gpt":0.32033386101358,"score_spread":0.2958079112587459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4323975055","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99519676,0.000025794487,0.00007436748,0.0041267322,0.00002388173,0.00016346965,0.0000018256192,0.000005728205,0.00038145782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995151,0.00007142406,0.000045333876,0.00032030934,0.0000035206979,0.000026179108,1.06872996e-7,8.376582e-7,0.0000171835],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993838,0.000028718734,0.00013148753,0.00014442588,0.00016396592,0.00014758379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996396,0.00017855056,0.000068813184,0.00007812519,0.000013980161,0.000020967262],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012265854,0.000037536174,0.00011272784,0.000027415916,0.00012208273,0.0000036608812,0.00021489437,0.000052628588,0.00003516365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017623835,0.000023188075,0.000017402204,0.0005149842,0.0048857536,0.00007142305,0.00017581371,0.000094447736,0.000020586578],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010831854,0.00009894279,0.970067,0.0000027551373,0.0000023900816,0.0000018209574,0.0010196029,0.000557845,0.016818127,0.0062159575,0.00028143657,0.004825789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021800835,0.000078544566,0.9932409,0.0000021649346,0.000002620709,4.966266e-7,0.00016111325,0.0027412942,0.00095262064,0.0024895684,0.000086154796,0.000026543159],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016930039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023992358,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023173856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008264445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008036791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4365137202","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2194889","title":"Darwin’s dark matter: utter extinction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Evolution and Science Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Darwin (ADL); Extinction (optical mineralogy); Genealogy; Origination; Natural selection; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Ecology; Paleontology; History; Population; Sociology; Demography","score_opus":0.15386127946959616,"score_gpt":0.345538866456156,"score_spread":0.19167758698655984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4365137202","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72566444,0.000013858644,0.000014036106,0.010196644,0.0013773917,0.000049271443,0.0000045594006,0.000052265357,0.26262754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98703164,0.000011261228,0.000019212288,0.0013578178,0.00013761592,0.000004116493,0.0000019919783,0.0000023660004,0.011433981],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991628,0.000010885948,0.0001278572,0.00016275122,0.00033029137,0.00020541456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949867,0.000019423644,0.000058763668,0.00014946131,0.00022089086,0.000052806008],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078401936,0.000043288663,0.000052155785,0.00024230542,0.0004498206,0.00011232424,0.0002524991,0.000009023409,0.0026620282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005558505,0.000035780908,0.000027156431,0.00034916666,0.0014876621,0.0007218139,0.000039077753,0.000034170807,0.0016129295],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000052110413,0.00006485726,0.0047846013,0.000019003322,0.000002709611,6.4868e-7,0.046473004,0.000024674664,0.009159445,0.11313443,0.81803507,0.00829638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012827324,0.0001311302,0.33071703,0.000057930825,0.000004808629,0.0000033238916,0.028769273,0.0009786609,0.00791534,0.029842107,0.60112345,0.0003286838],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006010201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002536948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3259324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006942242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007522701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379206778","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2218379","title":"Anachronisms in the History of Mathematics: Essays on the Historical Interpretation of Mathematical Texts <b>Anachronisms in the History of Mathematics: Essays on the Historical Interpretation of Mathematical Texts</b> , edited by Niccolò Guicciardini, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021, xxvi + 366 pp., $140 (Hardback), ISBN 978-1-108-83496-4","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Anachronism; Annals; Interpretation (philosophy); History of science; History of mathematics; History; Classics; Literature; Epistemology; Philosophy; Mathematics; Art; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Politics; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.0503814118406944,"score_gpt":0.26098318158917716,"score_spread":0.21060176974848277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379206778","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45599398,0.012034301,0.006005571,0.033091817,0.0084141055,0.008203966,0.0005674927,0.00021851371,0.47547024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98640156,0.00043753258,0.0002023872,0.00047451293,0.00014790558,0.00005952633,0.000012675864,0.000035666704,0.012228241],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99413663,0.0005301088,0.0016985062,0.00056724704,0.0024809437,0.0005865473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99346125,0.0031148999,0.0014971652,0.0012465274,0.0005657364,0.00011439131],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0074499184,0.00041337492,0.001065148,0.0006143407,0.00025959872,0.000026779326,0.002593007,0.00014703737,0.00024279927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019011319,0.00023642271,0.00036662578,0.0007595523,0.006110815,0.000534344,0.00019699924,0.00059238874,0.00003245339],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011083845,0.0019083511,0.000011337996,0.0007737058,0.000041529434,0.000011379848,0.13715702,0.000092895294,0.00268704,0.30438265,0.5520488,0.00077443104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004271026,0.008463751,0.00077861006,0.012088891,0.0010244672,0.000056864996,0.274686,0.18017948,0.0062248465,0.027371146,0.4822679,0.0025870395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000785738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000091154325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53040755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023562305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00080193323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391060571","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2304738","title":"Star Noise: Discovering the Radio Universe","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Star (game theory); Universe; Noise (video); Astrophysics; Physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.02949967423653865,"score_gpt":0.28891932416940563,"score_spread":0.259419649932867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391060571","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98400503,0.00013221233,0.0051384605,0.0023361687,0.00013995038,0.00005763428,0.00001480042,0.000024250194,0.008151506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99923986,0.000005623096,0.00037974174,0.000019476125,0.00004598952,0.0000029123937,8.7518055e-7,0.0000028499662,0.0003026469],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995118,0.000004338353,0.00008188553,0.00014149933,0.000103734,0.00015674505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996892,0.000024842773,0.000024571918,0.00019788797,0.00003890591,0.000024546547],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020510546,0.000047125817,0.00005451592,0.00007504613,0.00014767257,0.000055945897,0.00035016987,0.0000071929144,0.000084157175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035142973,0.000031897376,0.000039695136,0.00059983245,0.0007498261,0.00038638368,0.00008829921,0.00006849165,0.000014166203],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013628794,0.000020016549,0.006018826,0.000004909969,0.000019583806,9.196216e-7,0.00032486924,0.00037038745,0.006389293,0.9199313,0.001151587,0.06576696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035474251,0.000259437,0.10579182,0.00026108106,0.00005022358,0.0000048354077,0.011801816,0.044181872,0.2476441,0.09389282,0.4950882,0.0006690602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020359909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019701758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8260385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005692388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000120521305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27627656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393851019","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2337140","title":"A lab for all seasons: the laboratory revolution in modern botany and the rise of physiological plant ecology","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Botany; Plant ecology; Plant science; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.0943247806183074,"score_gpt":0.28712006160538517,"score_spread":0.19279528098707777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393851019","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98532677,0.0063980143,5.6473164e-7,0.007926795,0.000023946248,0.00013740911,0.000121307676,0.0000065083295,0.000058686295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980525,0.0016494243,0.000010013767,0.00022897004,0.000029621655,0.000014531075,5.802221e-7,1.5171658e-7,0.000014250136],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994658,0.000044726563,0.000094144234,0.00014471433,0.000100721576,0.0001498697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994252,0.00044496532,0.000037950886,0.000016425582,0.000058261394,0.00001720016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010412226,0.00004613979,0.000110858964,0.0000075172334,0.00012949838,0.000015682515,0.0002063275,0.000022875181,0.0000027065657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018189014,0.000011037495,0.000030871433,0.00029341198,0.0013205206,0.00007541209,0.000081726386,0.000045855155,5.497352e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002528362,0.00006769906,0.006131556,0.000031325,0.000017150482,0.000002471085,0.0008097818,0.000008607528,0.95455724,0.022902254,0.005264989,0.009954062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016082701,0.00042746574,0.9579701,0.000082339,0.000010289791,0.000003338086,0.0010243043,0.010873761,0.004460601,0.016972193,0.007915681,0.000099119636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000051798677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041530427,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95183855,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000028911218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012481557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4865513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401192791","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2024.2384068","title":"Vector: a surprising story of space, time, and mathematical transformation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History and Theory of Mathematics","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transformation (genetics); Space (punctuation); Philosophy; Biology","score_opus":0.07064127050945879,"score_gpt":0.34643230998812113,"score_spread":0.27579103947866235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401192791","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9637318,0.00047464756,0.0054894,0.00041994982,0.00008388301,0.00015355207,0.0000107579735,0.00005916566,0.029576804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933049,0.000024178898,0.0062110396,0.000013950652,0.00001263395,0.000001681198,2.3188419e-7,0.000009233951,0.00042212894],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894553,0.00005240826,0.00029912166,0.00014303358,0.00039859698,0.0001612774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988445,0.0006934198,0.00009269857,0.00018768455,0.00011304797,0.000068668814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003596057,0.000089390225,0.00022896889,0.00022065893,0.0001253206,0.000023644541,0.0001795347,0.000038624108,0.00008178972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062017847,0.00007476982,0.000058739442,0.00035425177,0.0012394582,0.00043354387,0.000027910186,0.00011119291,0.000027175198],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008709133,0.00007389695,8.588016e-7,0.0013115826,0.000013755491,0.0000021274757,0.019330066,0.0000022851818,0.041722823,0.934715,0.00070630776,0.0021125963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008908188,0.0001249563,0.00003388838,0.00093927706,0.000034629364,0.000033151886,0.000742783,0.0050879233,0.11708313,0.87393343,0.0017374196,0.00016034572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000012653762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.2845445e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07536031,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011322214,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008563298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45668355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409641280","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2495306","title":"Alexander N. Aksakov and the domestication of ‘scientific spiritualism’ in Imperial Russia, 1865–1875","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Spiritualism; Domestication; Ancient history; Etymology; History; Classics; Philosophy; Art; Literature; Biology; Ecology; Medicine","score_opus":0.050308651081455394,"score_gpt":0.3339562828352897,"score_spread":0.28364763175383434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409641280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8861245,0.0020413212,0.00001384554,0.007123164,0.00052720367,0.00018618448,0.0000061717683,0.000006337995,0.10397127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99807876,0.000551881,0.00002013922,0.00023286272,0.000027476297,0.0000067698547,3.79629e-7,0.0000015974488,0.0010801504],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907804,0.000042724612,0.00027719594,0.00018926505,0.0002475964,0.0001652017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912906,0.00027035727,0.00014023558,0.00018934788,0.0002501943,0.00002078375],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018683374,0.0000637643,0.00016929566,0.00016884506,0.0004976695,0.0002033088,0.0002521971,0.000015077256,0.000056287732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00064945244,0.000038783885,0.00003440682,0.00024257606,0.007634791,0.00033530794,0.00009900657,0.00005666622,0.0000020984703],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049184484,0.000042710286,0.00025056113,0.000029182906,0.000008255454,2.6880866e-7,0.018525006,0.0000038927587,0.0008457959,0.9765127,0.0014690552,0.0022634005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0051866667,0.00049501716,0.025426757,0.00066193845,0.000116235875,0.0000052947335,0.06493674,0.0021570479,0.02736499,0.4644194,0.40855047,0.0006794534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010226272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005030609,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5120933,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000037764964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010480471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99506587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415933051","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2025.2582587","title":"From Greek to Latin Europe and back: recovering and interpreting Theophrastus’ <i>De odoribus</i> in the early modern age","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Science","topic":"History of Medicine Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philology; Interpretation (philosophy); Order (exchange); Repertoire; Work (physics); Ancient Greek; Medieval Latin","score_opus":0.05756756705959827,"score_gpt":0.2890010829163007,"score_spread":0.23143351585670247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415933051","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92171586,0.0004104086,0.00004283808,0.0028239244,0.000114972885,0.00006945115,0.000006290905,0.000005845992,0.074810386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99691045,0.000078781915,0.00012636196,0.0020716218,0.00004774598,0.0000023512387,1.3784623e-7,0.0000025261427,0.000760048],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993837,0.00003385605,0.00012646987,0.0001665659,0.00013879874,0.00015062641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996022,0.00017201775,0.000034262386,0.000103597195,0.000060817143,0.000027109876],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008274649,0.000060510763,0.00010890183,0.0001020302,0.00022663467,0.000077621226,0.00022026068,0.000006476663,0.000019581272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029144422,0.00004241319,0.000009353884,0.00010150635,0.001083879,0.00015845564,0.00013667482,0.00007254899,0.000004026379],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030854662,0.000021996259,0.0049235923,0.00003516973,0.000009278708,0.000014298742,0.946618,0.000011129981,0.0045948224,0.008331092,0.004939023,0.03047074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009786043,0.0009638165,0.32556152,0.003586722,0.000042624295,0.0000050352546,0.15639806,0.0022139072,0.0018378107,0.03369445,0.4739487,0.00076878077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013415152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00077958615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79021996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000051704774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002285612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39935976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}