{"meta":{"query_hash":"1d985d1307ec","filters":{"venue":"Applied Geophysics"},"cohort_total":12,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":12,"exported":12,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/1d985d1307ec","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Applied+Geophysics"},"results":[{"id":"W2004643443","doi":"10.1007/s11770-008-0008-4","title":"Feasibility of using the magnetotelluric method for sub-basalt imaging at Kachchh, India","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carbon Engineering (Canada)","funders":"Cambridge Trust; Cambridge Commonwealth Trust","keywords":"Magnetotellurics; Geology; Basalt; Volcanic rock; Borehole; Sedimentary rock; Inversion (geology); Volcano; Geochemistry; Petrology; Geophysics; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Seismology; Paleontology; Tectonics","score_opus":0.03497239012070336,"score_gpt":0.27433177542378034,"score_spread":0.239359385303077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004643443","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9501812,0.00018549275,0.047160756,0.00007990383,0.00013707798,0.00063199695,0.00006614224,0.000037477417,0.001519996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9602708,0.000011346313,0.03902856,0.00031603765,0.00022251128,0.0000067667984,0.000041446994,0.000008476911,0.00009402767],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983734,0.0001300758,0.00031073994,0.00039971218,0.00030655306,0.0004795348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99805343,0.0012000639,0.00018267536,0.00037828262,0.00007274107,0.000112792775],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045413233,0.00021324,0.00035864787,0.00003965003,0.0004307051,0.000014442273,0.00031662005,0.000060756927,0.00008960949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000484189,0.00014558923,0.00018657789,0.00064768683,0.00021687408,0.00007330397,0.0000404759,0.0001928994,0.00005463908],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049771933,0.00020980462,0.07871401,0.00015136911,0.00006743484,0.0000080284235,0.0007494747,0.0056569627,0.027335878,0.0025676761,0.00027972466,0.88376194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008348869,0.0001510758,0.82070845,0.000006564784,0.00011274398,0.000022077083,0.00006713631,0.060772486,0.027837187,0.088274665,0.0007307681,0.00048196455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007543142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029339899,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88328,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011868798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006711806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59369564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012318528","doi":"10.1007/s11770-004-0017-x","title":"Progress and challenges for petroleum geophysical techniques in China","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"China; Petroleum; Petroleum exploration; Mainland China; Petroleum industry; Exploration geophysics; Geophysics; Geology; Earth science; Political science","score_opus":0.008751627489082703,"score_gpt":0.21315834263313818,"score_spread":0.20440671514405548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012318528","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9816664,0.00035700083,0.00023298267,0.00091660256,0.000037227335,0.000653506,0.0000039624542,0.00008237653,0.016049981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952675,0.00037799266,0.0038735087,0.00006141982,0.00007622423,0.0002555127,0.00000706815,0.000021593782,0.000059185226],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990952,0.000008244238,0.00013638187,0.0003370951,0.0001335643,0.00028952354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968845,0.000020872314,0.000050729595,0.00017197784,0.0000023183861,0.00006566859],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010585134,0.000155096,0.00018384862,0.0000212986,0.00006631686,0.000015763599,0.00012386427,0.00008059773,0.000012885866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016987565,0.00013154643,0.00003388863,0.00011216675,0.00017243913,0.00007232789,0.00011330016,0.00014375665,0.000050932715],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025283522,0.0016054303,0.0019229774,0.00028476387,0.00006732292,0.000016237425,0.004913082,0.0018657112,0.027456958,0.294588,0.00007854015,0.66694814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028008386,0.0006270013,0.13166156,0.000065651024,0.00004810072,0.000006373941,0.00027631392,0.00050275703,0.024548262,0.8243228,0.014172288,0.00096802047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007361593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015563606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66598016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005127182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005966821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5364308},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023425010","doi":"10.1007/s11770-010-0267-8","title":"Digital core approach to the effects of clay on the electrical properties of saturated rocks using lattice gas automation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lattice (music); Core (optical fiber); Materials science; Geology; Petrology; Mineralogy; Condensed matter physics; Engineering physics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.03793469750248643,"score_gpt":0.21061274304084404,"score_spread":0.1726780455383576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023425010","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98539364,0.000040701314,0.0014258345,0.000033538283,0.00006250852,0.00057447696,0.000007350758,0.000027596034,0.012434344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998862,0.0000018616905,0.00081419497,0.00017977471,0.000076201155,0.000007430544,0.000010429506,0.0000050264025,0.00004302506],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892306,0.000073398536,0.00021318639,0.00020753987,0.00031890458,0.0002639056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990118,0.0004657336,0.00012962351,0.00025420112,0.00007654918,0.00006206121],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013988109,0.00015699815,0.00023257741,0.000033506734,0.00012626554,0.000024933339,0.00031023644,0.000060796825,0.000009814849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013911826,0.0000746765,0.00006702287,0.0009778126,0.00009496091,0.00006826298,0.000022052676,0.0002119716,0.000059268263],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00092808844,0.0008682025,0.0014590317,0.00031319103,0.00021152598,0.0000016619152,0.0041921185,0.004205389,0.053338815,0.023641916,0.00026034346,0.91057974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00086914847,0.0026658247,0.26241493,0.0001453278,0.0003034164,0.0000070869787,0.00039278914,0.19259822,0.48390833,0.05543559,0.00031924353,0.00094009365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031343364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031277943,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9096396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000036820811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003505896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30452192},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043910042","doi":"10.1007/s11770-010-0259-8","title":"An iterative curvelet thresholding algorithm for seismic random noise attenuation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Ocean Sciences; University of British Columbia; Jilin University","keywords":"Curvelet; Thresholding; Algorithm; Computer science; Deconvolution; Iterative method; Noise (video); Wavelet; Attenuation; Artificial intelligence; Norm (philosophy); Pattern recognition (psychology); Wavelet transform; Mathematics; Image (mathematics); Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.013651216307588655,"score_gpt":0.27801727864298154,"score_spread":0.2643660623353929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043910042","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04183677,0.000006581341,0.95632005,0.00011738559,0.0004988673,0.00044214225,0.000010085332,0.00013815274,0.00062994024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.46397272,0.0000011370166,0.53449553,0.00076819403,0.00052402494,0.00010578449,0.000035767232,0.00001865758,0.00007817763],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878055,0.0000498719,0.00019953006,0.0004491269,0.00021840836,0.00030248534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988222,0.000271903,0.00011057546,0.0005560304,0.00015471145,0.00008457148],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006064487,0.0001827788,0.00022187068,0.000060894876,0.0002747509,0.0003316569,0.0005805679,0.00008217827,0.00000354197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001657338,0.00017308856,0.00008061606,0.00026975348,0.00004693366,0.00061991805,0.000071447736,0.00024369663,0.000039858092],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027468734,0.000072964154,0.0000044418716,0.0000065968507,0.000014596768,0.000002163153,0.0009738168,0.00021567839,0.22474362,0.03517866,0.00022702251,0.73853296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028576977,0.00009107055,0.00026334764,0.0000063418693,0.000019530398,0.0000041141343,0.000023845423,0.7629214,0.10294318,0.12876235,0.0017436651,0.0003634627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001476445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001415299,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76270574,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013797686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005516201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7058346},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064058603","doi":"10.1007/s11770-010-0260-2","title":"Locally linear embedding-based seismic attribute extraction and applications","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Dimensionality reduction; Nonlinear dimensionality reduction; Computer science; Embedding; Seismic attribute; Cluster analysis; Key (lock); Curse of dimensionality; Principal component analysis; Pattern recognition (psychology); Data mining; Reservoir modeling; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Geophysics","score_opus":0.00759553121810153,"score_gpt":0.2292728896169932,"score_spread":0.22167735839889166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064058603","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.59388644,0.00006521315,0.38647318,0.0011802693,0.00041962965,0.00084635237,0.00015418738,0.0008475112,0.016127221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896447,0.000011634651,0.0077341576,0.0020409047,0.0002524575,0.000011865755,0.00019545201,0.000005708618,0.000103107464],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992852,0.000008389146,0.00012414627,0.0002494199,0.00014106312,0.0001917886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949193,0.00008787681,0.0000673466,0.00022496167,0.000036600413,0.000091275564],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012550347,0.000120172066,0.00010857936,0.00004936078,0.0002067985,0.000048202844,0.00012732575,0.000080843245,0.00014018532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004913563,0.00011337947,0.000030506031,0.00016720741,0.00012004701,0.00011324801,0.000008828647,0.0002983899,0.00034318035],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047694328,0.00008465684,0.010497176,0.00005365787,0.000021910626,0.000003361865,0.000084883926,0.0054403837,0.009405236,0.0023879854,0.007385539,0.9645875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005302288,0.00007816606,0.01740671,0.000010593965,0.000043558757,0.000012840349,0.00010628978,0.57236516,0.023861391,0.014512672,0.37055185,0.00052055984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006257447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020166115,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.964067,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000022512702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041222873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46234804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082415275","doi":"10.1007/s11770-007-0034-7","title":"Wigner-Ville distribution and its application in seismic attenuation estimation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","keywords":"Attenuation; Geology; Wigner distribution function; Distribution (mathematics); Seismology; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Optics","score_opus":0.007062446730264523,"score_gpt":0.2097203082366964,"score_spread":0.2026578615064319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2082415275","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8902624,0.000052532567,0.106016465,0.00019621334,0.00004553614,0.0002690012,0.000020579493,0.000099574296,0.0030376909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980958,0.000019677713,0.00060443423,0.0004225756,0.00004649557,0.000003717112,0.00078203913,0.0000026706655,0.000022591297],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934834,0.000009977678,0.00015210432,0.00018867626,0.000134379,0.00016654117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972105,0.00005458792,0.000068260386,0.00009244632,0.000023166525,0.000040460563],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030705435,0.00008468613,0.00008292015,0.00004944784,0.00008574921,0.000018326298,0.00006073335,0.00005477316,0.000012003114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009074678,0.000084822546,0.0000123416585,0.00024711722,0.000028595283,0.00015866169,0.0000069751613,0.00009240691,0.00012948697],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003217274,0.000021270283,0.009362775,0.000019517289,0.0000028914592,8.6464587e-7,0.00018705579,0.0020663568,0.0011599688,0.0040434524,0.00046457315,0.9826391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035324116,0.0000381377,0.23939785,0.00001387777,0.000010403763,0.0000031477837,0.00017179467,0.7190997,0.012053816,0.024779862,0.0038437836,0.00023436458],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009876405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003884217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9824047,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012106534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011325967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3458963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116921376","doi":"10.1007/s11770-008-0041-3","title":"Time-dependent magnetometric resistivity anomalies of groundwater contamination: Synthetic results from computational hydro-geophysical modeling","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Jilin University; China Scholarship Council; University of Toronto","keywords":"Groundwater; Geophysics; Porous medium; Geology; Leachate; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Groundwater flow; Perpendicular; Soil science; Environmental science; Aquifer; Porosity; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Geometry; Engineering","score_opus":0.01808233119659602,"score_gpt":0.21023916762478467,"score_spread":0.19215683642818865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116921376","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865386,0.000066617686,0.0078072306,0.00008552797,0.00009637548,0.00022294183,0.000256172,0.000073276846,0.00485326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99481356,0.000010486608,0.0037622806,0.00006936127,0.0002621084,0.0000047591325,0.0005391491,0.000009566222,0.0005287529],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975912,0.00013921321,0.0005208056,0.00058828964,0.0007574003,0.0004030708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977941,0.0014103523,0.00019579726,0.00031800955,0.0001318202,0.00014990623],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024216878,0.0002763645,0.0005152441,0.0001401164,0.00024926505,0.000029488152,0.00030412534,0.00011090725,0.00023678609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008197771,0.0002394811,0.00014245501,0.00089266384,0.00025010612,0.00016453379,0.00004332724,0.00025465508,0.0009264727],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021023494,0.0016125919,0.0033588223,0.00008640765,0.00030517348,0.00008086223,0.0015514239,0.50845987,0.0026407088,0.00333273,0.00028952933,0.4761795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012804699,0.00040343427,0.39447874,0.000015626849,0.00007839867,0.0000050107706,0.000041456577,0.53366643,0.0013889446,0.06803392,0.0000744355,0.0005331256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027401238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025953876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47564638,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011410697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061012637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120051342","doi":"10.1007/s11770-007-0033-8","title":"The effect of intra-trappean heterogeneities on seismic data: A case study from the Deccan Traps","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carbon Engineering (Canada)","funders":"Cambridge Trust; Cambridge Commonwealth Trust","keywords":"Basalt; Seismogram; Geology; Flood basalt; Seismology; Deccan Traps; Offset (computer science); Synthetic seismogram; Geophysical imaging; Waveform; Seismic exploration; Geophysics; Mineralogy; Volcanism; Tectonics; Computer science","score_opus":0.015813470199701873,"score_gpt":0.24086255487260158,"score_spread":0.22504908467289972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120051342","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972749,0.00011875225,0.00030759422,0.000102078375,0.00017648774,0.00045184884,0.0001251629,0.00006651102,0.0013767184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988595,0.000018120287,0.000045406032,0.0007817712,0.00017294606,0.0000026365324,0.00009894879,0.0000060106913,0.000014647743],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886,0.000108854336,0.00021816728,0.0002764868,0.00027227573,0.00026421982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99746305,0.0015463945,0.00010326176,0.0008244544,0.000012674781,0.00005017093],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009902893,0.00016728678,0.00017598423,0.000023409359,0.0004103592,0.00006034663,0.00064887997,0.000034332614,0.000014310614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000132979185,0.00008708082,0.000048032147,0.00017300212,0.00021631779,0.00007028996,0.000039640716,0.00021735096,0.00004246247],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024336165,0.00004733043,0.021147197,0.000007252447,0.000114409755,0.000111827394,0.0015492295,0.00012262494,0.000089284,0.00005645328,0.005301268,0.97120976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011162618,0.01616875,0.2562859,0.00025233356,0.0017736931,0.00066940684,0.14576371,0.08042194,0.27364123,0.023926925,0.18589568,0.0040378105],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020375391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000996084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96717197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000035925084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017396433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.986148},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766650838","doi":"10.1007/s11770-017-0630-0","title":"Reflection full-waveform inversion using a modified phase misfit function","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","keywords":"Inversion (geology); Waveform; Amplitude; Algorithm; Computer science; Nonlinear system; Phase retrieval; Reflection (computer programming); Mathematics; Optics; Physics; Geology; Mathematical analysis; Telecommunications; Seismology","score_opus":0.043875405235918014,"score_gpt":0.27092201389251086,"score_spread":0.22704660865659285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2766650838","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9122696,0.000015721243,0.011166828,0.00012977672,0.0005982638,0.00020263143,0.000011699865,0.00021138163,0.07539411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99755275,0.00001588976,0.0011491531,0.00069789053,0.000264476,0.0000014212776,0.00009130047,0.0000060290536,0.00022108508],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909866,0.000012416109,0.00014376307,0.0002769191,0.0002203207,0.0002479427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999233,0.000017189192,0.0001911695,0.00043652035,0.000038718605,0.00008338035],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014677364,0.0001472346,0.00014209407,0.000066678636,0.0009923712,0.00015371425,0.00022499487,0.00008509356,0.00023249506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009545526,0.00013489691,0.000060849416,0.00009011479,0.000105302286,0.0004177089,0.000024633495,0.00016652011,0.00035311043],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000622602,0.000082032646,0.0009119369,0.000033024186,0.00003884108,0.000006505524,0.00021624746,0.0007123524,0.030370666,0.0010557555,0.005113688,0.96083635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035192082,0.0007400624,0.005956498,0.0000641137,0.0001759291,0.00002563859,0.000576692,0.8472499,0.047030732,0.07069746,0.02295934,0.001004406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003857311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019277375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95983195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012432043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003411739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76326174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2892243180","doi":"10.1007/s11770-018-0668-7","title":"Optimized staggered-grid finite-difference operators using window functions","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Window function; Operator (biology); Wavenumber; Conjugate gradient method; Mathematics; Convolution (computer science); Grid; Window (computing); Finite difference; Applied mathematics; Algorithm; Function (biology); Mathematical optimization; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Geometry; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.018266177122141607,"score_gpt":0.21569520147943416,"score_spread":0.19742902435729257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2892243180","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93234015,0.000049506834,0.03353541,0.00014153372,0.0011503869,0.0003227989,0.00015816597,0.0004699978,0.031832054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98533356,0.000012271743,0.011580985,0.0018823523,0.0005996684,0.0000024780493,0.00012860986,0.000008104817,0.00045195635],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894375,0.000027617627,0.00017458333,0.00031346476,0.00021283173,0.00032777415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993471,0.000097698496,0.000073946874,0.0003030143,0.00007172848,0.00010651988],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011549245,0.00017773644,0.00018806079,0.00007168776,0.00041456454,0.00008848802,0.00023145221,0.00006775544,0.0010565462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014285302,0.00015513829,0.000054778007,0.0003432271,0.00023696038,0.00013253896,0.000024942194,0.00017113955,0.0009946584],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009585658,0.00041946885,0.055476993,0.00011352965,0.00037691352,0.000031662254,0.003506563,0.028233716,0.025053952,0.0035278702,0.08817249,0.7941283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003725896,0.00097595697,0.047835108,0.00014088431,0.00028375798,0.000026310021,0.0025831924,0.70966583,0.100726,0.019674841,0.111312956,0.0030492472],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016845356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000837856,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79107904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000075695193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007791423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913893966","doi":"10.1007/s11770-018-0703-8","title":"3D magnetotelluric inversions with unstructured finite-element and limited-memory quasi-Newton methods","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Hessian matrix; Quasi-Newton method; Computer science; Finite element method; Grid; Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm; Algorithm; Unstructured grid; Magnetotellurics; Polygon mesh; Matrix (chemical analysis); Inversion (geology); Inverse; Newton's method; Mathematical optimization; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Geology; Geometry; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.01131242416704688,"score_gpt":0.2369912272606948,"score_spread":0.2256788030936479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2913893966","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8804629,0.0003001818,0.08200708,0.0007629911,0.00053209334,0.000998297,0.00007437998,0.00027931135,0.03458279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8604019,0.000033458953,0.1370577,0.0011636491,0.0005352698,0.000007200474,0.00008023983,0.000012555919,0.0007079795],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981894,0.00014990641,0.00023247348,0.000554327,0.00031445458,0.0005594278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998494,0.00067898683,0.00011270782,0.0003541799,0.0000691018,0.0002909649],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025507697,0.00030855305,0.00035007167,0.00008761328,0.00035096853,0.00006628446,0.00023411168,0.0001131198,0.0007562802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034798064,0.00022242819,0.000053485914,0.0009338789,0.0003733965,0.00010734172,0.000046657453,0.0003046424,0.00039784753],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015436875,0.000053672946,0.0006041886,0.000024718358,0.000040614155,0.000004613665,0.00030573763,0.00024397562,0.00054582977,0.0011948766,0.00019285876,0.99663454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004921469,0.010270826,0.52425456,0.00007310007,0.00068886345,0.000044544562,0.0011038715,0.11389725,0.025865307,0.23946382,0.07598225,0.0034341444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005885158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013691733,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9932004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000054057027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052091815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9070359},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416219382","doi":"10.1007/s11770-025-1361-2","title":"Towards probabilistic interpretations for the deterministic magnetic inversion: A case study of borate deposits of Liaoning province, Northeast China","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Workflow; Probabilistic logic; Proterozoic; Inversion (geology); Boron; Economic geology; Hydrogeology; Resource (disambiguation)","score_opus":0.011110349447761793,"score_gpt":0.24459044396297883,"score_spread":0.23348009451521703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416219382","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913241,0.000076934266,0.0055197445,0.000050730992,0.000116313306,0.0013847593,0.00003571722,0.000017793733,0.0014738893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984871,0.000001800585,0.0012972035,0.00004572202,0.000032432083,0.000044191238,0.00001010004,0.000003586115,0.00007787497],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989603,0.00006895573,0.00033552706,0.0002541176,0.0001667066,0.00021435734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986192,0.0008131737,0.0001491701,0.00027174683,0.0000955073,0.000051208095],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015277178,0.00015279718,0.0002928802,0.000054354223,0.00021652611,0.000025053596,0.00025057542,0.000037823585,0.000011232222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008528142,0.0001024809,0.00007647508,0.0007091208,0.00012415333,0.000042062886,0.00003635437,0.00013389309,0.000004566593],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024522754,0.0005056595,0.0043778336,0.00034041557,0.000092255534,0.00002501075,0.0018544818,0.0055317706,0.00011031941,0.0023690476,0.000019063573,0.9845289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028014046,0.0063660657,0.6100095,0.00014463093,0.0014732232,0.00003692743,0.00557446,0.2869767,0.0010413174,0.08478053,0.00012796774,0.00066729664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001915781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020258536,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9838616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003665488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014320032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.417905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}