{"meta":{"query_hash":"2681a0442c30","filters":{"venue":"Applied Optics"},"cohort_total":724,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":724,"exported":724,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/2681a0442c30","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Applied+Optics"},"results":[{"id":"W1628375235","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.005870","title":"Passive standoff detection of chemical warfare agents on surfaces","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Remote sensing; Interferometry; Contamination; Reflectivity; Absorption (acoustics); Depth sounding; Environmental science; Optoelectronics; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.011246203280113045,"score_gpt":0.24791863611606696,"score_spread":0.2366724328359539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1628375235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97528446,0.000012804347,0.0009288984,0.00007527433,0.00002405585,0.00009318437,0.000033302247,0.000073848576,0.023474166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989287,0.000017268785,0.0007969979,0.000041662763,0.000059841695,0.000050965304,0.00003286062,0.000018699839,0.000052961583],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992629,0.0000013316994,0.0001823676,0.00020293388,0.00018647312,0.00016394505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948674,0.000036440924,0.000092341405,0.00029000672,0.00003589552,0.00005857951],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024529554,0.00012014339,0.0001372638,0.000020389465,0.00005338639,0.000011421466,0.00013640634,0.00011949083,0.00012800952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010641127,0.00011929814,0.000044491277,0.00011072326,0.00006148573,0.000018477878,0.000027290034,0.00016287997,0.00004874148],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006763299,0.00015931256,0.000019759209,0.00003630129,0.000029888182,0.000001050085,0.0001417187,0.001529068,0.98210156,0.01511589,0.000029363478,0.00076844316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068209117,0.000018836698,0.000065812135,0.000014587984,0.000028130109,0.0000011360812,0.00018692166,0.00016478512,0.99500096,0.003258398,0.00046257803,0.00011575037],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010629272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003378661,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023644276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000105918596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028667568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48648372},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1638940430","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.006533","title":"A Simple Technique for Accurately Measuring the Dihedral Angle of a Roof-Top Mirror","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Dihedral angle; Optics; Roof; Plane mirror; Simple (philosophy); Computer science; Plane (geometry); Viewing angle; Set (abstract data type); Physics; Geometry; Mathematics; Engineering; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.033057946493795225,"score_gpt":0.2687896189838233,"score_spread":0.23573167249002808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1638940430","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7033536,0.000037974754,0.20794964,0.00017342948,0.00006761194,0.0021842357,0.00013807268,0.0000540631,0.0860414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9714012,0.000001526425,0.028037451,0.000030483436,0.00010865118,0.00009603647,0.000025044725,0.00003032945,0.0002692685],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991677,0.000009855273,0.00024167138,0.00018468779,0.000120064244,0.00027606872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940336,0.0001063063,0.00010217914,0.00027199995,0.000070276044,0.000045866225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015531474,0.00015370011,0.00020586977,0.000023175016,0.00016971231,0.000033805973,0.00016727096,0.000043510678,0.000082061095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035285686,0.000118250275,0.000108556014,0.000106097425,0.000071441165,0.00004354591,0.000037879432,0.00011548061,0.000009201368],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040033844,0.00056190375,0.0015780414,0.00008262944,0.00043526577,0.0000024315113,0.0018505274,0.002414422,0.2391572,0.66080105,0.0008132888,0.0919029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028540196,0.00031714418,0.0019671803,0.00008419407,0.00032440497,0.0000043357322,0.002932305,0.017286886,0.74966514,0.18693319,0.036430534,0.0012006663],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000060408944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003927281,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51050794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013618783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003722201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48221064},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1757592604","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.005949","title":"Diffraction-resistant scalar beams generated by a parabolic reflector and a source of spherical waves","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Diffraction; Optics; Parabolic reflector; Reflector (photography); Wavelength; Physics; Diffraction efficiency; Fresnel diffraction; Materials science; Light source","score_opus":0.011993009663100745,"score_gpt":0.23563512235387632,"score_spread":0.22364211269077558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1757592604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842988,0.00020595298,0.008630626,0.00007237263,0.00006337771,0.00018151026,0.000033227312,0.000030785923,0.006483321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886094,0.0000075182775,0.010472631,0.000037887894,0.00015235857,0.00002186995,0.000052395182,0.00003055294,0.00061540864],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908876,0.00001603534,0.0002471603,0.00020978686,0.00020949489,0.00022876007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993938,0.000037462032,0.00011915271,0.00020769348,0.00006617473,0.00017571475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007944424,0.00016543995,0.00024020342,0.000020543215,0.000053970387,0.0000431122,0.00009667494,0.00005554182,0.00003173158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006492568,0.00015223889,0.000038618437,0.0001548673,0.00011852709,0.00004373628,0.000078090765,0.00013285261,0.000018963885],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043568065,0.0019002669,0.008339591,0.000095674266,0.00064225186,0.000005173012,0.0024158477,0.0016960215,0.8399369,0.11579524,0.01052378,0.018213546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013944551,0.0018441401,0.0052644843,0.0001446033,0.0010700152,0.000015241932,0.014846403,0.04137264,0.6739837,0.051006693,0.1923951,0.004112393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000074510055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.36138e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18187134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023869476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042626645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6208122},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1790582020","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.008326","title":"Compact linearly polarized ceramic laser made with anisotropic nanostructured thin films","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Laser; Thin film; Anisotropy; Ceramic; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.01282933579515959,"score_gpt":0.20862917856004806,"score_spread":0.19579984276488846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1790582020","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98379683,0.000097858,0.0049672737,0.000120155746,0.00029453254,0.0003736035,0.000044037643,0.0023356574,0.007970038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96050954,0.000017235205,0.03908929,0.000073224306,0.000045112232,0.000011156677,0.00004293222,0.00008011433,0.00013142577],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893785,0.00000760396,0.0002023059,0.00020734064,0.00024263543,0.0004022638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927616,0.00003393436,0.000041317402,0.0004828664,0.000044652945,0.00012107611],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047620873,0.00027508027,0.0002900609,0.00009061338,0.000044717803,0.00008775216,0.0003173008,0.00020360069,0.00002009672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019888428,0.00023184625,0.000029635545,0.00027662553,0.00009480576,0.00008625065,0.000046208967,0.00037859604,0.00010383434],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006449096,0.00018645193,0.005351713,0.0002961711,0.0009948878,0.00027888693,0.0047114897,0.5408771,0.3892413,0.02815602,0.026961006,0.0023000706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012259763,0.000726604,0.009390519,0.0000835983,0.000291169,0.0001367582,0.004915784,0.26737744,0.6788815,0.015361189,0.007718952,0.0028566737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023441988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013824709,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28964025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008097276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036403755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94544154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1831242059","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000578","title":"Measurement of optical and thermal properties of Hg_1−xCd_xTe","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Dynamics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Materials science; Thermal conductivity; Laser flash analysis; Microprobe; Thermal; Laser; Alloy; Semiconductor; Optics; Thermal conductivity measurement; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optoelectronics; Composite material; Mineralogy; Thermodynamics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.0298624073417148,"score_gpt":0.19058177805706686,"score_spread":0.16071937071535206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1831242059","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973887,0.00044264682,0.00063006376,0.000001242037,0.00007023268,0.000106834574,0.0000024380479,0.0000380382,0.0013197608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959363,0.00013341357,0.003868896,0.0000033893893,0.000028102075,0.000007795479,3.4039758e-7,0.000017374328,0.000004432723],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949735,0.000002700798,0.00018999974,0.00006750568,0.00013650896,0.000105901156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978757,0.0000054782113,0.000026486576,0.00011221427,0.00003745078,0.000030798412],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000603501,0.00008440707,0.00018282355,0.000020651885,0.000015807303,0.0000023755663,0.00004958944,0.00004169748,0.000004831704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008649694,0.000069708774,0.000015746957,0.000029375426,0.00009635669,0.000026332673,0.00002249284,0.00004033545,0.000001332651],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013409307,0.000011036903,0.000016561698,0.000119428776,0.000020970634,5.850486e-7,0.00018594982,0.0019258141,0.99650055,0.0007809858,0.0000050565586,0.00041965983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019122874,0.000021267866,0.00028587104,0.000021912321,0.000011674152,0.0000030952367,0.000038775477,0.00033887746,0.99890095,0.00005242179,0.000054150238,0.00007980493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013363433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.101383e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032388323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000112985645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008945546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28426412},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1877782670","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.001492","title":"Accurate sensitivity analysis of photonic devices that exploit the finite-difference time-domain central adjoint variable method","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Finite-difference time-domain method; Sensitivity (control systems); Optics; Variable (mathematics); Finite difference method; Computer science; Power (physics); Physics; Electronic engineering; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.018700481585261428,"score_gpt":0.2684529751225858,"score_spread":0.24975249353732437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1877782670","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17883846,0.000053329895,0.8145338,0.000018626793,0.000052659645,0.00015959669,0.000008328895,0.00009900937,0.0062361406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.73079777,0.0000178331,0.26899138,0.00009796056,0.000021135762,0.000006208816,0.000011089593,0.00001787658,0.000038766324],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987219,0.00010802932,0.00032207667,0.00019554752,0.00022961751,0.00042284236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965777,0.0028417544,0.0000943567,0.0003486084,0.000040714007,0.00009686524],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012548069,0.0001850749,0.00040163263,0.00012802576,0.00006189972,0.000027436412,0.00014460733,0.00009966906,0.00015079555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000073137184,0.00014542362,0.000105505955,0.0011345944,0.000048896054,0.00003099696,0.000039874936,0.00021695797,0.000010000777],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005274414,0.00005984365,0.00035097162,0.00003895081,0.00079853414,0.000004520625,0.0006681639,0.7711606,0.20140499,0.008533231,0.0000170295,0.016910408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019826675,0.000027926004,0.01240028,0.0000060043467,0.00045916575,0.0000013463967,0.00015156779,0.9290426,0.056309234,0.00095734355,0.00024885335,0.00019742614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018662973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017957522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5519593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046456287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017091881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5930203},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963702954","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.004257","title":"Interrogation technique for TFBG-SPR refractometers based on differential orthogonal light states","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Refractive index; Optics; Materials science; Refractometry; Surface plasmon resonance; Refractometer; Demodulation; Amplitude; Light scattering; Ray; Rayleigh scattering; Optoelectronics; Scattering; Physics; Telecommunications; Channel (broadcasting)","score_opus":0.01606103327779371,"score_gpt":0.22165091620713132,"score_spread":0.2055898829293376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1963702954","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12745853,0.000003804218,0.86286044,0.000018686787,0.00027783844,0.00071199995,0.000031668307,0.0004228754,0.008214177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84178346,0.00000478702,0.15762818,0.00005724359,0.00005873175,0.00027823608,0.00008058798,0.00007764303,0.000031146832],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909884,0.0000054684597,0.00024987684,0.0002156435,0.00014324757,0.00028691776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994369,0.000114662136,0.00005216941,0.00028082874,0.000038848153,0.00007657965],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006327086,0.0002203445,0.00018354319,0.00014627283,0.00004321088,0.00001637017,0.00014239438,0.00013645794,0.00005304597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010676004,0.00021775097,0.00006302525,0.000120970675,0.000031531967,0.000054154163,0.000016857623,0.0001886087,0.000029026045],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014176598,0.0006359221,0.00012598123,0.0006404052,0.00038837225,0.000024794199,0.0040662023,0.16310692,0.75555617,0.05638256,0.0011099541,0.016545055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011615762,0.00026534332,0.0002801569,0.00005704489,0.0000698206,0.000002470741,0.00030089993,0.17386523,0.8188633,0.0030915246,0.0014172179,0.000625439],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.811332e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018881356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71432495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010199314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011912535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8879627},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964083645","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.002264","title":"Experimental validation of the MODTRAN 53 sea surface radiance model using MIRAMER campaign measurements","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; Agriculture Environmental Renewal Canada (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"MODTRAN; Radiance; Bidirectional reflectance distribution function; Remote sensing; Radiative transfer; Atmosphere (unit); Environmental science; Atmospheric correction; Geology; Optics; Meteorology; Physics; Reflectivity","score_opus":0.048432003738353754,"score_gpt":0.2551790805958996,"score_spread":0.20674707685754584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964083645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97856086,0.00004950807,0.0142172845,0.0000119332535,0.00008826617,0.0002446088,0.000003294601,0.000012490854,0.0068117552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9643947,0.0000021817957,0.03535628,0.000098804485,0.000023392824,0.0000060109164,0.000001549386,0.000018043545,0.000099046534],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900675,0.000018464352,0.00016716031,0.00014517583,0.00039497926,0.00026746863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954164,0.000008700309,0.00010362899,0.00026216017,0.000005234896,0.00007862672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016485086,0.000122226,0.00010924577,5.288328e-7,0.00012399236,0.000010622473,0.00020165334,0.00005747252,0.00015437862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029390528,0.00009630327,0.000044571276,0.00012290654,0.0001407313,0.00011877035,0.00010077082,0.00007365627,0.000034761524],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000076118413,0.00011343407,0.03857928,0.0000028946263,0.000008248236,2.9386653e-8,0.0010529218,0.5364593,0.42348254,0.00013963382,0.00007740154,0.00007667801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003403547,0.000011981944,0.0048002573,0.000006886251,0.000035420046,0.000001135883,0.00055767945,0.13446923,0.85938245,0.0001310052,0.00004155073,0.00022205462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005714896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014947656,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4358999,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014394123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011281396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39271334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964122866","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004866","title":"Hybrid silica/polymer long period gratings for wavelength filtering and power distribution","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Communications Research Centre Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Wavelength; Period (music); Polymer; Power (physics); Diffraction grating; Diffraction efficiency; Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Grating; Physics","score_opus":0.005867269548552442,"score_gpt":0.20596259220137786,"score_spread":0.20009532265282542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964122866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7854838,0.00016052226,0.21181153,0.00008682405,0.00012092904,0.00035739277,0.0000590715,0.00034282496,0.0015771452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97951764,0.000029494642,0.020111723,0.000062139516,0.00007439656,0.000026878026,0.00007749957,0.000039659997,0.000060582417],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914503,0.0000020361465,0.00020695897,0.0002136647,0.000098335615,0.00033396698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960214,0.000053461074,0.000031172774,0.00019969886,0.000024901581,0.000088598696],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004924865,0.00019748349,0.00018358788,0.000026979147,0.00008925503,0.000046565605,0.00007579804,0.000066579305,0.000006534831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020583557,0.00021440991,0.00003665843,0.00006298664,0.000037547943,0.00007783208,0.00001837967,0.00013286957,0.000007058969],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020062187,0.00017816438,0.00010372188,0.00036481002,0.00023875362,0.000061004732,0.003347548,0.03522769,0.5177858,0.1745903,0.001861711,0.26603988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032555144,0.00041549766,0.0037578712,0.00009913119,0.00017155783,0.0002108891,0.0008731974,0.3198837,0.65460205,0.008117691,0.0063342657,0.0022786208],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.5465377e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.8593044e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28465602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047935177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004796405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87433827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964705121","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.00c124","title":"Optimum phase for rugate filter synthesis by Fourier transforms","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Fourier transform; Optics; Phase (matter); Filter (signal processing); Function (biology); Simple (philosophy); Computer science; Optical filter; Spatial filter; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.007298646161379738,"score_gpt":0.22320490555608852,"score_spread":0.21590625939470878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964705121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5783554,0.00015402708,0.19714136,0.00038065825,0.0011554451,0.0014929585,0.0006243282,0.00092237385,0.2197735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9507375,0.00005883846,0.048285082,0.00015209889,0.00013506821,0.00032659352,0.000038112892,0.00007180594,0.00019492237],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911976,0.0000014581528,0.0002090828,0.00017350646,0.00011679374,0.0003793766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939847,0.00016811906,0.000016301996,0.0002492051,0.000019545292,0.00014836044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000111124966,0.00019130005,0.0002089107,0.00002975664,0.00006504252,0.000051121977,0.00019492066,0.00016562323,0.00016691633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016073362,0.00016671607,0.00007958588,0.000067031324,0.00005687071,0.00007876629,0.000011496922,0.00023312622,0.000078054414],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019034048,0.0004156118,0.0000045078386,0.0004853569,0.00038201315,0.000007427091,0.00054249587,0.0025122494,0.747588,0.11789823,0.01370175,0.11627201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015820386,0.000053332336,0.0000047972476,0.0000112200705,0.00012835073,0.0000037082061,0.000059520557,0.36193827,0.48051462,0.0026625188,0.15247695,0.0005646876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.5050993e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003513099,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37238213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000123552645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010286937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67984843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966129808","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.007480","title":"Cross-linkable bromo-fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone)s for photonic device applications","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Synthesis and properties of polymers","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Communications Research Centre Canada; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Arylene; Materials science; Polymer; Refractive index; Birefringence; Coating; Glass transition; Ether; Optoelectronics; Optics; Polymer chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Aryl","score_opus":0.018138005411287395,"score_gpt":0.262510593284052,"score_spread":0.2443725878727646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966129808","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9050061,0.002848086,0.016139911,0.00043151106,0.0004654528,0.002211011,0.00020213053,0.00051114307,0.07218464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95058465,0.000025452106,0.043491878,0.00032892567,0.00035827231,0.001018083,0.00005018754,0.000073896,0.004068677],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840534,0.000015778412,0.00038741116,0.00044490202,0.00022243394,0.0005241259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998946,0.0001855935,0.00014753196,0.00053010153,0.00010542477,0.00008533901],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035063337,0.00022630811,0.0002590527,0.000051114228,0.00035516688,0.00019376901,0.00044325567,0.00016390669,0.00058783375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015483414,0.00020442129,0.000082594175,0.00017644612,0.00017691677,0.00010548494,0.00007925531,0.00009064975,0.00056963705],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000071669405,0.00013525324,0.00008111196,0.000057993188,0.000014000405,5.166883e-7,0.00005230899,0.00025897546,0.9661036,0.028442169,0.0004156688,0.0043667024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005305573,0.00003512975,0.00022121599,0.000009124514,0.00004091742,0.0000026295052,0.00006343477,0.00046246802,0.9350505,0.0021863661,0.06108774,0.00030995617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030166248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028205524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.068115965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059856713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007841783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8336058},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966492622","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.001832","title":"Performance and scalability of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography acceleration using graphics processing units","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Computer science; Optical coherence tomography; Coprocessor; Graphics processing unit; Interferometry; General-purpose computing on graphics processing units; Scalability; Graphics; Parallel computing; Optics; Computational science; Computer graphics (images); Physics","score_opus":0.03787059555570734,"score_gpt":0.22828598835020106,"score_spread":0.1904153927944937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966492622","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9570735,0.00005059039,0.02372737,0.0000044182784,0.000028072585,0.0004010582,0.000007407209,0.00016123347,0.018546319],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86655444,0.000027941223,0.13330261,0.000010038143,0.000018940798,0.00005311917,0.0000051096304,0.000026514335,0.000001293367],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988243,0.000010588179,0.0003944349,0.00024810832,0.00022750889,0.00029508973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923277,0.000054243563,0.00006882922,0.0003274724,0.00018173156,0.00013498196],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023782815,0.00020670478,0.00022872389,0.0001563496,0.00012399416,0.000035794485,0.00018463809,0.00016168604,0.000016608816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012327163,0.00021496906,0.0000338839,0.001231384,0.000456524,0.00020406085,0.00005081125,0.00025240707,0.000002239663],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027045817,0.0010057573,0.14752111,0.0037925479,0.000408266,0.000005891338,0.008337903,0.010286286,0.16260237,0.53669775,0.0000655332,0.12900613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015037664,0.000334817,0.21394204,0.0002677882,0.00040284285,0.000028286677,0.001182266,0.6431966,0.10534633,0.031750165,0.00015976718,0.0018853586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004448295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000056794993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6329103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017598535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035723056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8766183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966823396","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006602","title":"Negligible birefringence in dual-mode ion-exchanged glass waveguide gratings","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Birefringence; Materials science; Polarization (electrochemistry); Fiber Bragg grating; Waveguide; Optoelectronics; Grating; Wavelength; Diffraction grating; Fabrication; PHOSFOS; Refractive index; Optical fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Physics; Fiber optic sensor","score_opus":0.007588214210670341,"score_gpt":0.21752387745565088,"score_spread":0.20993566324498053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966823396","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8790217,0.0002202231,0.016198898,0.00007181342,0.00041550404,0.00045900804,0.000015195741,0.00086281676,0.10273483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9451044,0.00006903261,0.054001898,0.00004426598,0.00023083786,0.000061860985,0.000017827053,0.00009783455,0.0003720461],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985305,0.0000059856134,0.00040723328,0.00028992977,0.0002281716,0.00053814735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993921,0.0000930667,0.00004884726,0.0003634721,0.000030277593,0.00007223547],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009336609,0.00026917882,0.00026029075,0.00015280617,0.00005402688,0.000035914596,0.00013022566,0.00014714766,0.000015865082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017605389,0.0003020468,0.00003863775,0.00046380673,0.000052435807,0.00009625179,0.000051176532,0.0002770613,0.00012086664],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013739484,0.00004567834,0.0001602955,0.00007306527,0.000016688644,0.000054957804,0.00047103397,0.7919354,0.1731129,0.03146719,0.00044799192,0.002201068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018302604,0.00004825392,0.0019360918,0.000106097024,0.000044096447,0.000043240736,0.00056605774,0.56547666,0.4034989,0.016553232,0.008271676,0.0016254641],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005667725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019777627,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23038597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015528836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013379687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967227720","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.003189","title":"Long-term stable device for tuning fiber Bragg gratings","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; PHOSFOS; Plastic optical fiber; Optical fiber; Fiber; Long-period fiber grating; Bending; Graded-index fiber; Beam (structure); Fiber optic sensor; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.01480778139866663,"score_gpt":0.24626862997197313,"score_spread":0.2314608485733065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967227720","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5335163,0.00013600635,0.42633617,0.000015607653,0.00027003398,0.00059261156,0.000010489408,0.0006499028,0.038472865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6307518,0.000019468776,0.36696395,0.00014635571,0.0002824154,0.00004712341,0.00004376572,0.00016912323,0.0015760175],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875253,0.0000018232284,0.0003065301,0.00021844673,0.00015165063,0.00056902616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999195,0.000292716,0.00004895005,0.00028966414,0.000054628792,0.00011908874],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019362706,0.00022116039,0.00020878286,0.00007082796,0.000092994,0.000039130344,0.00015762694,0.00013041781,0.000038733677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002839103,0.00024911456,0.000047205624,0.00019622366,0.000034395183,0.000095219395,0.000033307366,0.00019541278,0.00009808057],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021142472,0.00017178393,0.0019510183,0.0015125388,0.00051429134,0.00009811621,0.0040065097,0.4303739,0.29688433,0.052180205,0.002402373,0.2096935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008540975,0.00031296234,0.010382467,0.00040814263,0.0005876145,0.00013452861,0.0025070687,0.17571482,0.70793617,0.006281396,0.081173316,0.0060205357],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000010484877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011359678,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41105187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000888813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010185273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999961},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967978117","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.004212","title":"Vacuum evaporated porous silicon photonic interference filters","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Refractive index; Porous silicon; Silicon; Substrate (aquarium); Photonics; Optoelectronics; Interference (communication)","score_opus":0.016087713837546834,"score_gpt":0.23587997992719306,"score_spread":0.21979226608964622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967978117","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94178087,0.000024562798,0.0007632592,0.000062426654,0.00024259626,0.00023024228,0.000008725341,0.0001362374,0.05675108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824262,0.0000065655045,0.016525792,0.00046001506,0.00002856575,0.0000331999,0.000008151938,0.00002548797,0.00048600775],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856424,0.00003126215,0.0003431582,0.00039390798,0.00022297261,0.00044448068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917203,0.0001127891,0.00013853246,0.0003493903,0.00008902181,0.00013822096],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036061445,0.00020970598,0.00023954808,0.000038056394,0.000135422,0.00016130149,0.00026703472,0.00010689057,0.0007184541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012544625,0.00018413772,0.00003793663,0.00021538348,0.00012455111,0.00008989669,0.00007114068,0.00018089234,0.0008465206],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016290638,0.00005519499,0.00004168263,0.00001619126,0.0000043239493,0.000005358577,0.00021848518,0.000047010453,0.92259127,0.076464176,0.00028562173,0.0002543673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004577875,0.00015763438,0.000065062064,0.000020834032,0.000025436715,0.000011765845,0.0003474461,0.0006357085,0.9907959,0.0059831357,0.0011295844,0.0003697118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001123478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005746656,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07048104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043548873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007137946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968247316","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.0libs1","title":"North American Symposium on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NASLIBS): introduction to feature issue","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Commercialization; Spectroscopy; Engineering physics; Materials science; Instrumentation (computer programming); Laser; Feature (linguistics); Optics; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Engineering; Physics; Political science","score_opus":0.005229392918155512,"score_gpt":0.21315785716367827,"score_spread":0.20792846424552275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968247316","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9764396,0.0000062698305,0.00041195576,0.0017949755,0.0016076629,0.00043097005,0.000030543368,0.0005470877,0.018730942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98573816,0.000036773847,0.0074614403,0.0006575768,0.0054736207,0.00006840557,0.00009702496,0.000109417364,0.0003575695],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983155,0.00001742005,0.00021968666,0.0003533739,0.00028729354,0.00080669887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988993,0.000052484604,0.000053673964,0.0005901458,0.000029686606,0.0003747196],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011411065,0.00039135801,0.00034441735,0.0001602856,0.00011985174,0.000070078204,0.00022813621,0.00014044359,0.000071234244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001286982,0.00038651394,0.000057740443,0.0007098897,0.000033932018,0.00013695344,0.000043776836,0.00064591016,0.0016496612],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002461792,0.00030720283,0.001102117,0.00007631417,0.00018066732,0.00000726742,0.001525654,0.026742015,0.8675549,0.0034791785,0.095107555,0.003670965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030361375,0.0002667848,0.0034684967,0.000007704919,0.000057520334,0.000010895938,0.00012445173,0.00048854237,0.9227731,0.000019855735,0.07186448,0.0006145085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012661897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007463808,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05521827,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021467466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017711582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968862984","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.001882","title":"Optical tests of nanoengineered liquid mirrors","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Interferometry; Rotation (mathematics); Ferrofluid; Fabrication; Liquid crystal; Substrate (aquarium); Quality (philosophy); Optoelectronics; Magnetic field; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.011124143023580132,"score_gpt":0.2118464918224007,"score_spread":0.20072234879882056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968862984","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9553549,0.000058238533,0.007921362,0.000044852644,0.00008384415,0.00018947377,0.000006273615,0.00021171256,0.03612931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9774154,0.000034987428,0.02239912,0.000024215324,0.000011520349,0.000031995107,0.000007829017,0.00002540643,0.000049540777],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99940103,0.0000032166372,0.00023176675,0.00009673948,0.00010523111,0.00016199454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995948,0.000046874644,0.0000210098,0.00023185559,0.000030512132,0.00007495672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059810773,0.00010448476,0.00013052886,0.000046264635,0.000019549772,0.000010355466,0.00009809817,0.000058553327,0.000080872276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002640057,0.00011185795,0.000026596654,0.00021026489,0.0000427346,0.00002407204,0.000010512894,0.00006269529,0.00006949764],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051903457,0.00004865372,0.000017234974,0.000030488214,0.000011117405,4.1891482e-7,0.00005022165,0.0036048344,0.80145735,0.19398025,0.00010237631,0.0006918958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042495102,0.000043858578,0.00069048285,0.000007940836,0.000022531221,0.0000045217876,0.00005909785,0.0030920026,0.98619163,0.000510567,0.008734814,0.00021759587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.113433e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.199397e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19346969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011439773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011462643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4561435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968933046","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.003075","title":"Toward perfect antireflection coatings: numerical investigation","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":287,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada); Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Refractive index; Materials science; Wavelength; Fresnel equations; Wideband; Reflection (computer programming); Total internal reflection; Reflection coefficient; Polarization (electrochemistry); Angle of incidence (optics); Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.030572870638302496,"score_gpt":0.24417505534312342,"score_spread":0.21360218470482092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968933046","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65731484,0.00002650446,0.0771823,0.0005796489,0.00010577405,0.0004962889,0.000022248661,0.00017907769,0.26409328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99580246,0.000004197226,0.003518498,0.000102993625,0.00020494868,0.00009122469,0.000037224538,0.000016187058,0.00022226904],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935764,0.000007500575,0.00016200585,0.00019123092,0.00010804196,0.00017356388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996264,0.00003244252,0.00007552467,0.00016668209,0.000025526533,0.000073429364],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049914564,0.00010804011,0.000111576686,0.000024210036,0.0001489902,0.0000493421,0.00008554199,0.0000329372,0.00044307247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002158923,0.00010861327,0.000045027387,0.00020182472,0.000040488492,0.00004732779,0.000026665464,0.0001286463,0.00019257434],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008331831,0.00043388133,0.0048098974,0.000029732595,0.00007361786,7.9753187e-7,0.002531789,0.0009798426,0.18956712,0.75216395,0.007702603,0.04169845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004355266,0.0003813419,0.004816232,0.00007541029,0.0004112133,0.00001783782,0.0046362183,0.33887994,0.3686907,0.17801207,0.09676527,0.002958499],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026202793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5928225e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5741519,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019170318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001091878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48513326},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969117353","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.006498","title":"Effect of postdeposition annealing on the structure, composition, and the mechanical and optical characteristics of niobium and tantalum oxide films","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Tantalum; Niobium; Materials science; Niobium oxide; Annealing (glass); Oxide; Optics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.004231522050214579,"score_gpt":0.18657571508294352,"score_spread":0.18234419303272895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969117353","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976185,0.00014356487,0.001429671,0.00003139039,0.00016157361,0.00029062282,0.00003778425,0.000020029001,0.00026683972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976943,0.00012009938,0.0020641936,0.00004657784,0.000034956378,0.0000062270046,0.000014795626,0.000017259026,0.0000015799504],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935526,0.00004208733,0.00022865254,0.00008877909,0.00013747172,0.0001477434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935085,0.00036453875,0.000059866114,0.0001457764,0.000019220834,0.00005974701],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044989894,0.00013949156,0.00026541605,0.000021846487,0.000067156485,0.000019462457,0.00006302342,0.00009074265,0.000004052751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029735416,0.000080264974,0.000023709337,0.000054628887,0.00012813038,0.000033630855,0.000059661903,0.00018276919,5.815487e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021392989,0.00001617499,0.000054868287,0.00026858717,0.00007199795,5.733043e-7,0.00019807907,0.000042038704,0.5352928,0.4628284,0.000014733658,0.0009978113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010783456,0.00020113423,0.0014867316,0.000070588656,0.00025403703,0.000061629034,0.00009046995,0.053478878,0.9407007,0.0023798423,0.000011066549,0.00018654906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015567002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.6848043e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46044856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000049956625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000018775584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32731107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969258414","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.000076","title":"Fourier transform approach for thickness estimation of reflecting interference filters&lt;br/&gt; 2 Generalized theory","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fourier transform; Bandwidth (computing); Interference (communication); Interference filter; Optical filter; Dielectric; Filter (signal processing); Fast Fourier transform; Discrete Fourier transform (general); Spectral density estimation; Spatial filter; Point (geometry); Computer science; Fractional Fourier transform; Algorithm; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Fourier analysis; Wavelength; Telecommunications; Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.03567840405586812,"score_gpt":0.3176256883556539,"score_spread":0.28194728429978577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969258414","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15056601,0.00003068191,0.8317418,0.000027765407,0.00008168277,0.0008321272,0.00004237772,0.000056615074,0.016620953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6199238,0.0000043457044,0.37931406,0.00002450334,0.00005316568,0.00021610364,0.00006006044,0.000022208054,0.0003817689],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99829376,0.000047486956,0.00044806238,0.00033956527,0.00042192638,0.000449222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904966,0.00024092931,0.00017440779,0.0003268531,0.0001445942,0.000063540596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011052367,0.00017893457,0.00026320815,0.00008070398,0.00014350883,0.000073394105,0.00037026976,0.00008457155,0.00005266276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001270834,0.0001589512,0.000060012713,0.00017226346,0.00016131859,0.0002054446,0.000080576676,0.00010323744,0.000007702985],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046147502,0.00010655258,0.0000016915835,0.00019298664,0.0000111637655,4.0913056e-7,0.00027759682,0.016233344,0.8410838,0.1368462,0.00008751415,0.0046972507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013240264,0.00016992941,0.0000066998296,0.000030836352,0.000034020533,0.000003056301,0.00018066946,0.0775755,0.83554757,0.08465775,0.00022494383,0.00024502457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010598469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004851877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4693578,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008375027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007119749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6481842},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969648838","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.000768","title":"Quantitative dental measurements by use of simultaneous frequency-domain laser infrared photothermal radiometry and luminescence","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine","field":"Medicine","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Enamel paint; Materials science; Infrared; Laser; Radiometry; Luminescence; Photothermal therapy; Absorption (acoustics); Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.0437829501727622,"score_gpt":0.2740170337950009,"score_spread":0.2302340836222387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969648838","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99129087,0.0003400425,0.0023261786,0.000054317094,0.00006188832,0.000584163,0.00006408571,0.000038126396,0.005240346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94785464,0.00014706812,0.050571848,0.00029915298,0.000037523685,0.000037558824,0.00005785407,0.000024700998,0.0009696759],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879616,0.000016151811,0.00033328164,0.00026490056,0.00037998962,0.00020953607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990843,0.00019428461,0.00012758336,0.00033119528,0.000102781465,0.0001598444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000115401264,0.00016999853,0.00030041047,0.00009205235,0.00006117665,0.000013954274,0.0000962557,0.00010470671,0.00015241337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014222055,0.00015568006,0.00003361013,0.00035213813,0.00031448854,0.00006942542,0.000035013894,0.00015763682,0.000025878162],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029595816,0.00092827476,0.013235701,0.0002504981,0.0002670495,0.00009545359,0.00091898354,0.000022378725,0.9749049,0.0016669192,0.0050588604,0.0023550554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02226753,0.0021960693,0.0066466318,0.00065032236,0.001469631,0.0009599639,0.0043508653,0.0138216475,0.935546,0.0013820168,0.009105389,0.0016039766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013152273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025651875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.048245672,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004977271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017099368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63484484},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969702473","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.004189","title":"Analysis of optical frequency-modulated continuous-wave interference","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"3v Geomatics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Interference (communication); Sawtooth wave; Optics; Continuous wave; Physics; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Telecommunications; Laser; Engineering","score_opus":0.016684834333678122,"score_gpt":0.23348246688840685,"score_spread":0.21679763255472873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969702473","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6734638,0.00016361805,0.275208,0.000020109781,0.00009897152,0.000250332,0.000018706063,0.00029632813,0.050480157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9666669,0.000044647026,0.03317766,0.000011717426,0.000009598955,0.000023454888,0.000029719487,0.000023334987,0.000013006979],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991078,0.0000064365427,0.00042226637,0.0001429349,0.00013833801,0.0001822511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990005,0.00007971228,0.00006745465,0.0007159688,0.00007183954,0.00006452848],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000094828545,0.00013758751,0.00037684798,0.00016068656,0.000022050674,0.000013118659,0.00025514638,0.00009234969,0.000030663563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018242448,0.0001465161,0.000079278805,0.0007376115,0.00007583003,0.00003976133,0.00005895586,0.00017732054,0.00002200354],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009298389,0.00006331524,0.00018984063,0.00004014468,0.0011353003,0.0000041146914,0.001050831,0.7090638,0.1473203,0.13896984,0.0000050614076,0.0021481116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003461936,0.00016945654,0.008892853,0.000201743,0.0024555272,0.00002448004,0.0021890155,0.60600346,0.35224214,0.021811714,0.0006667671,0.0018808881],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011458324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026632913,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29320306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010158592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019703179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5974753},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969850162","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.005212","title":"Off-axis sparse aperture imaging using phase optimization techniques for application in wide-area imaging systems","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Point spread function; Computer science; Image quality; Aperture (computer memory); Coded aperture; Image resolution; Chromatic aberration; Sparse array; Optical transfer function; Bandwidth (computing); Wavelength; Chromatic scale; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Image (mathematics); Telecommunications; Detector; Algorithm","score_opus":0.012800388041574226,"score_gpt":0.25702501128761795,"score_spread":0.24422462324604371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969850162","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.003346541,0.00051245495,0.9897992,0.00012695047,0.000045875888,0.002050801,0.00003269669,0.0007848842,0.0033006198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79808235,0.00009234476,0.20085482,0.0001168355,0.00004660245,0.00061918685,0.00012786337,0.00005736423,0.000002626966],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984999,0.000009699693,0.00050951063,0.000375058,0.0001757581,0.00043010424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990678,0.00017244325,0.000093690986,0.00045654434,0.00010634072,0.00010320373],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022473912,0.0002902989,0.00028836197,0.00028601932,0.00011073254,0.0001287549,0.0002467628,0.00011851041,0.000003482141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035193036,0.0003336356,0.00006569669,0.000697118,0.000053402266,0.00023077927,0.00002024377,0.00022021693,0.000004455198],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034411227,0.00026275672,0.00035883518,0.00017742025,0.000021676977,0.00000313573,0.00017267479,0.8469567,0.05961374,0.025906404,0.00026671705,0.066225566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005011525,0.000014846049,0.000034539564,0.00005022432,0.00004047281,0.000007944018,0.00011038016,0.99507946,0.0015668707,0.00091083295,0.0013250425,0.00035821556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012401749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026993532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7947358,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017720615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002353938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969903036","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.003266","title":"Systematic errors in small deformations measured by use of shadow-moiré topography","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Surface (topology); Moiré pattern; Geometry; Shadow (psychology); Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03758866991598138,"score_gpt":0.22918068682063553,"score_spread":0.19159201690465416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969903036","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45020258,0.00028399698,0.43976474,0.00054095784,0.00021634057,0.003510363,0.000021249662,0.0009927251,0.10446704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93805707,0.000033943954,0.061636403,0.000117569085,0.000004946308,0.00008713206,0.000004189117,0.000007997953,0.000050762956],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986634,0.000040687006,0.0005713734,0.00020581724,0.0002671971,0.00025148678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991331,0.000086526066,0.00010666032,0.0005164373,0.000085269945,0.000071992086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034864942,0.00015191057,0.00030173914,0.00016735215,0.00004005768,0.00010234199,0.00062457105,0.000089562294,0.000024345414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042144395,0.00013153502,0.000071280025,0.0005577267,0.000060141712,0.00032879785,0.000055032266,0.00013950151,0.000030444698],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006225795,0.001385736,0.0016353931,0.0044693197,0.00019228601,0.0000055416513,0.0038007994,0.0007779019,0.028938588,0.94562614,0.0020051247,0.011100938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006911682,0.0031972886,0.009067296,0.019015975,0.00069927395,0.000051207837,0.002021183,0.38964033,0.37816668,0.18143436,0.002453161,0.007341562],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002816071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034524783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76419175,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034917815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022403985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5363843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970085120","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.002209","title":"Direct determination of the number-weighted mean radius and polydispersity from dynamic light-scattering data","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Dispersity; Gaussian; RADIUS; Dynamic light scattering; Optics; Intensity (physics); Scattering; Light scattering; Distribution (mathematics); Physics; Mathematics; Statistical physics; Materials science; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.005376265375889546,"score_gpt":0.2410471144655499,"score_spread":0.23567084908966038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1970085120","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95082045,0.0001616542,0.04660238,0.00006455115,0.000048259943,0.00020257627,0.00018198833,0.000025657258,0.0018925112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.921933,0.00006667611,0.077601895,0.00003787299,0.00004270629,0.000003809562,0.00025549557,0.00001528959,0.000043278946],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993747,0.000012553634,0.00013620262,0.0002819747,0.00007574134,0.00011886938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923205,0.000011554434,0.00009053514,0.0006260344,0.000020904807,0.000018936376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000053368272,0.0001072714,0.0001038562,0.000011343279,0.000064565735,0.000012999164,0.00033919033,0.00009374998,0.0000021664437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007989082,0.000091118774,0.00002029098,0.00005298948,0.000106146195,0.000005144349,0.0004063509,0.000057382415,9.027623e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013538933,0.000021369702,0.0015178818,0.0000066603,0.0000071906306,3.5200011e-7,0.000021802287,0.0000013503507,0.9960521,0.000099781435,0.000082182036,0.0021758138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015055556,0.000010404515,0.0028338323,0.000011389019,0.000026853473,0.0000025347606,0.00002411032,0.00071231945,0.9948546,0.00045142198,0.00080370903,0.00011826503],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000051549145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014575517,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030999519,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013422397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013148247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37157157},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971228769","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.002554","title":"Tunable graphene Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser with suppressed self-mode locking effect","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Fiber laser; Mode-locking; Optics; Erbium doped fiber amplifier; Graphene; Erbium; Self-phase modulation; Laser; Photonic-crystal fiber; Optoelectronics; Doping; Optical amplifier; Nonlinear optics; Physics; Wavelength; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.005101312384396022,"score_gpt":0.2234777477078708,"score_spread":0.21837643532347478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971228769","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9451882,0.000044439857,0.014532843,0.000050044382,0.00008803051,0.0007070669,0.000019367371,0.0006736543,0.038696315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9559447,0.0000018014814,0.043070618,0.0000320898,0.00019515243,0.00022401367,0.00005554335,0.00008087773,0.00039517254],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984039,0.000018318402,0.0002248971,0.0003447577,0.00023002869,0.0007780836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889404,0.00015459147,0.00013469771,0.0006380335,0.00004790607,0.0001307532],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012093945,0.00037357464,0.00037533065,0.00007444563,0.00016501211,0.000055085624,0.00029995028,0.000113532864,0.00012996387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000039390557,0.0003029535,0.00007430282,0.00032238924,0.0000861352,0.00024439086,0.00016398223,0.00037193837,0.00017637605],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019000091,0.003891367,0.41035682,0.000782542,0.004080212,0.000036039015,0.0035448105,0.032354128,0.096183665,0.3905203,0.005221026,0.051129054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025930027,0.00018224047,0.0013952195,0.00003786231,0.0003084899,0.000002669755,0.0004342997,0.00035590454,0.98062,0.005604927,0.007538534,0.00092681305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015828691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015203105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88443637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000362018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025255646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971263704","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.006848","title":"Planar waveguide concentrator used with a seasonal tracker","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microlens; Optics; Concentrator; Tracking (education); Solar tracker; Planar; Nonimaging optics; Materials science; Waveguide; Slab; Acceptance angle; Roof; Irradiance; Optoelectronics; Photovoltaic system; Computer science; Lens (geology); Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0070958570841181574,"score_gpt":0.1843988587361108,"score_spread":0.17730300165199264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971263704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790505,0.0012888797,0.006468448,0.00006961842,0.00009820508,0.0001492176,0.0000095480755,0.001318492,0.011547062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900773,0.000064450964,0.00957192,0.000063552376,0.0001005115,0.000021724974,0.0000107624155,0.000036988393,0.00005278582],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925596,0.0000025393078,0.00010331515,0.00009108337,0.0001039791,0.0004431255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997022,0.000031717842,0.000016100523,0.00016779033,0.000011071899,0.00007108847],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006593746,0.00013899288,0.00012523102,0.000025603851,0.000039017523,0.000017106557,0.0001045074,0.00009999925,0.000010576487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000050650337,0.00011868457,0.000016094215,0.00010462448,0.000053450243,0.000044849596,0.000008822112,0.00018764536,0.0000591006],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030552867,0.00007513749,0.002818184,0.000079365556,0.00020602206,0.000012216019,0.0009550651,0.00014572608,0.86217374,0.105481975,0.017591758,0.010430283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071266445,0.000045062152,0.000621318,0.000020877073,0.00005552176,0.00003954945,0.00044960366,0.00028625323,0.9667658,0.00025955256,0.030313743,0.00043006227],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.715381e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.700615e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10522242,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042118554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015449245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4839816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972331594","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.004037","title":"Ion-beam etching for the precise manufacture of optical coatings","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Etching (microfabrication); Sputtering; Ion beam; Deposition (geology); Optics; Fabrication; Focused ion beam; Ion beam-assisted deposition; Thin film; Optoelectronics; Beam (structure); Optical coating; Layer (electronics); Sputter deposition; Ion beam deposition; Physical vapor deposition; Ion; Nanotechnology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.014063568067847315,"score_gpt":0.2464636891972983,"score_spread":0.232400121129451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972331594","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9360117,0.000060589493,0.04004886,0.00037378474,0.000309744,0.00092597684,0.000024028028,0.00007067105,0.022174662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9061719,0.000005322356,0.09322436,0.00025037632,0.000085016894,0.00007126225,0.0000032200446,0.00002345173,0.00016505361],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871373,0.000014194204,0.00038061416,0.0002653503,0.00028344654,0.00034266835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99809295,0.0012316146,0.00017575912,0.00031742436,0.00010154866,0.000080681784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007651251,0.00016653605,0.00024103923,0.00002072507,0.00024442846,0.000099344405,0.00029090425,0.00010971995,0.000097509845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005850269,0.00010867419,0.00007927589,0.000098047065,0.0001698064,0.000056359626,0.00006485771,0.00016828034,0.000032982785],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031164316,0.00005547454,0.000016592066,0.00005525199,0.000006509472,3.5165405e-7,0.0004582596,0.0010360407,0.63972825,0.35713693,0.00039767628,0.0010775139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042701123,0.00009364172,0.000050197465,0.0000194937,0.000057078127,0.0000034846212,0.0005406803,0.00065730745,0.98221594,0.012735583,0.0030150726,0.00018451239],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000448337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002485765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34440136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001619665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042540963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4431605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973820022","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.005270","title":"Correction of instrument line shape in Fourier transform spectrometry using matrix inversion","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Inversion (geology); Optics; Fourier transform; Spectrometer; Physics; Algorithm; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.013739596721222509,"score_gpt":0.25758255400629476,"score_spread":0.24384295728507224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973820022","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94598544,0.000099588826,0.0022217832,0.000030295905,0.0000768782,0.00006312119,0.0000063073153,0.000035209167,0.0514814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98911345,0.0000488725,0.010093479,0.000013941804,0.000117029595,0.0000036240804,0.00003212302,0.00001965349,0.0005578434],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894077,0.0000026715386,0.00037017098,0.00020614611,0.00024205123,0.00023819892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995785,0.000048417063,0.00012987162,0.00017886193,0.000026679347,0.000037693742],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007812673,0.00015318292,0.0002673602,0.0002890029,0.00004315349,0.000013915966,0.00011689719,0.00015987437,0.0005346549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010912331,0.00015990913,0.000073081625,0.00092593784,0.00005033184,0.000052329768,0.000026753461,0.0002191168,0.0000055963646],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016680067,0.00054457295,0.0048511894,0.00020848736,0.00007943643,0.000007854657,0.00012106626,0.005118694,0.979796,0.0027956585,0.00018894364,0.00612128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074972026,0.00002682272,0.0001584464,0.000017694249,0.00012293099,0.0000041897965,0.00048279035,0.0750089,0.92231166,0.00079811766,0.00014265327,0.00017605566],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015560108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023173376,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06989021,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023381735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037386486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6520905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974234664","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.000160","title":"Photoelastic effect from die bonding of diode lasers","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Laser; Diode; Polarization (electrochemistry); Waveguide; Semiconductor laser theory; Optoelectronics; Birefringence; Refractive index; Physics","score_opus":0.00493140927347898,"score_gpt":0.19280615971429155,"score_spread":0.18787475044081256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974234664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9479239,0.00022226681,0.005736131,0.000008025316,0.00018612716,0.00015353046,0.000022107588,0.00018007954,0.045567844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99453866,0.000049520662,0.005265886,0.000025166339,0.000045816894,0.000018168083,0.000015252064,0.000030744086,0.000010765909],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932474,0.0000030713688,0.00018232434,0.00012887293,0.00013554424,0.00022543424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995141,0.00018713035,0.000023848428,0.00018516404,0.000008164037,0.00008161772],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000053205433,0.00014715183,0.00023504591,0.00003611515,0.000026082645,0.00001446528,0.00013461073,0.00008506213,0.000020110494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016372927,0.00013610264,0.000050991803,0.000095617565,0.00004905213,0.000037420927,0.00003065609,0.00014416434,0.00009246714],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012280738,0.00014298252,0.00037971736,0.00067290955,0.0005451824,0.00006841163,0.001118671,0.39389968,0.43601704,0.16256414,0.000095701944,0.0043727513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022319972,0.00012477697,0.0012544042,0.00015403595,0.00021800102,0.0000019113068,0.00012912857,0.040340208,0.9443178,0.009426736,0.0012491768,0.00055179565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021261767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011004023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5083008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005302889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010415459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55501044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974399683","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.007083","title":"Three-dimensional laparoscope based on the manipulation of polarized light by a cellophane half-wave plate","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Cellophane; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Measure (data warehouse); Feature (linguistics); Computer vision; Physics; Computer graphics (images); Materials science","score_opus":0.01388999706888145,"score_gpt":0.2077875122933613,"score_spread":0.19389751522447984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974399683","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33804008,0.0005233296,0.625242,0.0070525524,0.0003523788,0.0016590114,0.00006420001,0.002976677,0.024089778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8559378,0.000005864824,0.1437515,0.00017244612,0.000026638969,0.00002323348,0.000018507348,0.00003988286,0.00002416527],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990984,0.0000042992638,0.00024511712,0.00017169313,0.0002282868,0.0002521552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927944,0.00019503357,0.000052037627,0.00040640222,0.00002947341,0.000037594345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009296997,0.00018843544,0.00019188807,0.00006026621,0.000054781296,0.000018493527,0.00017522812,0.00012189409,0.000031843432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003653311,0.00014750156,0.0000383345,0.00018026754,0.00008808943,0.000051283278,0.000048442304,0.00027680467,0.000059270227],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006120539,0.000094186034,0.000014739528,0.000030588697,0.00003886274,0.0000034278914,0.000026733047,0.31456816,0.6367524,0.04439047,0.0017620476,0.0022571464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038723028,0.000023962853,0.00003073817,0.000017881759,0.000017230632,8.8747447e-7,0.000007803947,0.6524562,0.34305343,0.0028605384,0.000984693,0.00015938189],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000019466959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004013333,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51789767,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005717384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000087435465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6014939},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974418673","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.006641","title":"Invariant pattern recognition based on centroids","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Centroid; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Invariant (physics); Conformal map; Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition; Computer vision; 3D single-object recognition; Position (finance); Computer science; Optics; Feature extraction; Mathematics; Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.017468318379673876,"score_gpt":0.21860068756702328,"score_spread":0.2011323691873494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974418673","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0013359159,0.0000032393552,0.9406328,0.0009342845,0.00004325705,0.00017527663,0.000004432995,0.00034859736,0.0565222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90830696,0.00003658672,0.088036396,0.003208018,0.000072953575,0.000043061336,0.000028436567,0.00001238165,0.0002552194],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922085,0.00001788332,0.00014739846,0.0002393614,0.00020574688,0.00016873493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942535,0.000046456247,0.000040671493,0.0003957239,0.00003457947,0.000057246107],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012762069,0.00009630535,0.000081033264,0.00004741066,0.00007272406,0.00010509463,0.00034264658,0.00005826167,0.0001944775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006254894,0.00008837929,0.00003101363,0.00021890081,0.000023764558,0.00008080534,0.000021720758,0.00010777992,0.00074788375],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009693077,0.00010739982,0.000007222818,0.0000058055275,0.0000027275014,0.000004118733,0.000044015982,0.000020470607,0.0013118401,0.011060011,0.0003369548,0.98708975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012989652,0.0003335535,0.0013033018,0.00005694526,0.000020439827,0.000008627515,0.00002442773,0.6719258,0.27996475,0.023788199,0.020475915,0.00079910585],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000026520731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.2735018e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98629063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030008396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028332295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9612782},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974456076","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000h91","title":"Variability in low altitude astronomical refraction as a function of altitude","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Altitude (triangle); Refraction; Sunset; Geodesy; Effects of high altitude on humans; Optics; Physics; Geology; Meteorology; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.01291233459037907,"score_gpt":0.22255732208494677,"score_spread":0.2096449874945677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974456076","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9722113,0.0000011113433,0.0074180337,0.000047519683,0.00007453907,0.0002500665,0.000003065999,0.000023640121,0.01997073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934158,0.000014308499,0.0063997563,0.00006302135,0.00002455994,0.000026726877,0.000011063437,0.00000861532,0.00003620078],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989357,0.00004115167,0.00032001256,0.00030693473,0.00019217253,0.00020402366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994134,0.00011955248,0.00008424019,0.00031043697,0.0000063509874,0.00006607398],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055827224,0.00010649427,0.00017121783,0.000026280844,0.000058167923,0.000005060481,0.00011530075,0.000113177746,0.0006409979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005742922,0.000110963316,0.000039450086,0.00014351256,0.0001986776,0.00011620934,0.000114648734,0.00017364099,0.00024700115],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010819159,0.003809616,0.30227685,0.00011015846,0.00004977253,0.000005964519,0.0016134266,0.5078314,0.14135234,0.034799464,0.000245239,0.0068238727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018545339,0.00024692068,0.9262115,0.000020777103,0.00005066278,0.000009661385,0.00015227904,0.048612494,0.005371753,0.015644362,0.0013379932,0.00048710094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024346329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000074475814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6239346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023600519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023794442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70184773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974650923","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.00g114","title":"Impact of laser launch location on the performance of laser tomography and multiconjugate adaptive optics for extremely large telescopes","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Adaptive optics; Laser guide star; Zenith; Optics; Telescope; Wavefront; Physics; Laser; Deformable mirror; Wavefront sensor; Beacon; Secondary mirror; Monte Carlo method; Remote sensing; Primary mirror; Computer science; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.012770750760496798,"score_gpt":0.24055902712823626,"score_spread":0.22778827636773946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974650923","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98928183,0.000007961011,0.0076833507,0.000021896893,0.000052061776,0.0005258347,0.00014814071,0.0000075188473,0.0022713866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840629,0.0000060184616,0.01568108,0.000018102617,0.00010816712,0.000019620535,0.000026449852,0.000027442682,0.000050194893],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991384,0.000010546462,0.00026800664,0.00019514453,0.00013829509,0.00024961782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892044,0.00024509296,0.00023394846,0.00028796378,0.00025355574,0.000058976682],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000212192,0.00019614093,0.0002495021,0.00005879684,0.00013223919,0.000023078348,0.00011499322,0.00006133519,0.000016443508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010093003,0.00013796115,0.000102784,0.0001327567,0.00016379941,0.00006019795,0.00004997779,0.00020375238,0.000002590474],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014328551,0.001844972,0.05300788,0.00020346245,0.0012748274,7.2557066e-7,0.0025296607,0.019464592,0.10619803,0.79398817,0.000316395,0.01973845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005744606,0.0022564197,0.05672991,0.00023904795,0.0004904805,0.0000014343204,0.0034221793,0.33434507,0.58680606,0.007918222,0.00078004005,0.0012665498],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002427557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000801904,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7860699,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000071325367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004194312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5625892},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975666100","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.001673","title":"Theoretical biosensing performance of surface plasmon polariton Bragg gratings","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Biosensor; Materials science; Surface plasmon polariton; Optics; Surface plasmon; Fiber Bragg grating; Surface plasmon resonance; Optoelectronics; Plasmon; Refractive index; Figure of merit; Wavelength; Nanotechnology; Physics; Nanoparticle","score_opus":0.014744406034266648,"score_gpt":0.2198162753683888,"score_spread":0.20507186933412214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1975666100","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96191037,0.00008236983,0.0004335565,0.000039447114,0.00014782257,0.00013631654,0.000009623961,0.00015749002,0.03708298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9695753,0.00007900331,0.030226417,0.00001392319,0.000010235207,0.0000017095429,0.00001020466,0.000038888913,0.000044336903],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873453,0.000013795275,0.000277068,0.00016286333,0.0004067,0.00040502896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930185,0.00015197438,0.000032495325,0.00025001605,0.000078621844,0.00018503096],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038627794,0.00017705237,0.000253157,0.00005424537,0.00004554453,0.000032831995,0.00018909716,0.00015701125,0.000015693899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044837754,0.00016980279,0.000035776433,0.0002348281,0.00021414501,0.000073644616,0.00007034144,0.00034632775,0.000071193426],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021867185,0.000109802444,0.0044121784,0.0003129339,0.00012552852,0.000019166011,0.0012554483,0.57046074,0.19080049,0.2282899,0.0013789852,0.002616155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041109536,0.00006610342,0.00016242055,0.00002393363,0.000012092489,0.0000082883125,0.00027157585,0.7436499,0.25445792,0.00053458,0.0001929915,0.0002090872],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000055918267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017645797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22775532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005630695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005400059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69243574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975705929","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.006285","title":"Three-dimensional camera phone","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Camera phone; Computer graphics (images); Computer science; Image quality; Computation; Liquid-crystal display; Computer vision; Waveplate; Polarization (electrochemistry); Artificial intelligence; Physics; Image (mathematics); Laser","score_opus":0.009357868170667109,"score_gpt":0.2120549455636337,"score_spread":0.20269707739296658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1975705929","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25367835,0.00036782696,0.72167563,0.0005357744,0.00038157776,0.000277844,0.000008254881,0.004838186,0.018236537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6305075,0.0000141856935,0.3693004,0.00008006153,0.000034976,0.000017714228,0.000004186222,0.00003378712,0.0000071818486],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992866,4.727748e-7,0.00013934154,0.0001500115,0.00013629853,0.0002872695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995913,0.000031502143,0.000013099442,0.00029311498,0.000019139077,0.000051860883],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000028190454,0.00015034906,0.00013814263,0.000049175265,0.000043055443,0.000017084521,0.00017028126,0.00008914605,0.000013500927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018264773,0.0001512348,0.000025900885,0.00017484724,0.00012182646,0.00005346912,0.00007402855,0.0002556647,0.00039133796],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056950157,0.000039072922,0.00001561777,0.000021204793,0.00003732237,0.000024249719,0.000029691108,0.723146,0.036365636,0.22828372,0.00062973873,0.011402054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022036156,0.000051597523,0.0004798512,0.00005131599,0.00005585108,0.000048753926,0.00010206735,0.07096139,0.2688396,0.65228856,0.003659491,0.0012579411],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000025598426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053679933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6521846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080100064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010968785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6167176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976114810","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.001550","title":"Polarization-maintaining property of tapered polarization-maintaining fibers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Birefringence; Materials science; Extinction ratio; Polarization (electrochemistry); Reflectometry; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Physics; Time domain","score_opus":0.007914817299188586,"score_gpt":0.20044646399109078,"score_spread":0.1925316466919022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976114810","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5595398,0.000113191265,0.35525718,0.0002567689,0.00053802686,0.0018623517,0.000027036493,0.001367251,0.0810384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87721753,0.000014168052,0.12201571,0.0000988679,0.00007325682,0.00005007665,0.000053981872,0.0001140803,0.00036230628],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984545,0.000014273289,0.00052045257,0.00027080686,0.00027300732,0.00046693292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989997,0.00017316233,0.000114531525,0.0004261586,0.0001464228,0.00013999172],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011284119,0.00028576475,0.00032748206,0.00015621074,0.00010475974,0.000051033614,0.00024607367,0.00018602244,0.0001640303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011368384,0.00025780007,0.00005678424,0.00047592417,0.000105345905,0.00024181318,0.00006463242,0.00028309223,0.00012887263],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015717107,0.000059445312,0.0016599002,0.00012028221,0.00022651124,0.0000051037873,0.0025857517,0.6842504,0.24395269,0.05205888,0.0003190305,0.01474628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002238799,0.00016515961,0.003683487,0.00021827313,0.00018084305,0.000029838713,0.009240221,0.91829836,0.050932735,0.009513553,0.0033691886,0.0021295468],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027962356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026529478,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31767777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010463258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038130995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976151352","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003746","title":"Millimeter-wave antireflection coating for cryogenic silicon lenses","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Coating; Silicon; Millimeter; Wavelength; Refractive index; Optical coating; Extremely high frequency; Optoelectronics; Anti-reflective coating; Reflection (computer programming); Microwave; Composite material","score_opus":0.02539247598608033,"score_gpt":0.25203404629865533,"score_spread":0.226641570312575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976151352","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768958,0.00002901271,0.01313332,0.000054531673,0.00014964928,0.0002272397,0.000012447645,0.00014298754,0.009355009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988598,8.632876e-7,0.010558915,0.000033881148,0.00045277696,0.00006901834,0.00006661102,0.0000265269,0.0001934154],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926645,0.0000058345595,0.00019258096,0.00022111993,0.00005913864,0.00025489618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995816,0.00010248519,0.00007136666,0.00018127922,0.00004353058,0.000019761455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007694671,0.00013020041,0.00015798381,0.000055504373,0.00016541827,0.00003064519,0.000067000045,0.00007119405,0.000025708454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000043496584,0.00013370714,0.00007337481,0.00012106715,0.000043923115,0.00003854806,0.000025258172,0.00010977791,0.000023175871],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000079124175,0.00015646916,0.008690748,0.000025229654,0.00008979177,5.9709384e-7,0.00012485268,0.00015319658,0.66667765,0.28688425,0.00035740552,0.0368319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010916704,0.00012591759,0.0002862718,0.000011783494,0.00011992497,0.0000048809534,0.003911798,0.0013644913,0.9412785,0.04834083,0.003038842,0.00042505184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001911218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011463935,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2746009,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014040511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016447102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5452419},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976192251","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.006646","title":"Optical limiting threshold in carbon suspensions and reverse saturable absorber materials","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Microsecond; Materials science; Nanosecond; Optics; Suspension (topology); Fluence; Carbon fibers; Optoelectronics; Picosecond; Laser; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.012405742011569035,"score_gpt":0.20847164980277275,"score_spread":0.1960659077912037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976192251","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9656386,0.000108253305,0.000014646373,0.00010308828,0.00022575968,0.00020606427,0.000003848382,0.00016378409,0.033535995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990991,0.00055119896,0.008105946,0.000057462126,0.00016698246,0.000024677018,0.000006245436,0.00004953551,0.00004695939],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897546,0.0000065370923,0.00030527188,0.0002000304,0.00011526857,0.00039744235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995869,0.00010201385,0.000019256637,0.00019220436,0.000019386342,0.00008024997],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016800211,0.0001921754,0.0003127024,0.000061083585,0.000040624695,0.00005956966,0.000075758064,0.0001219281,0.000037675614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004313133,0.0001871325,0.00001484451,0.00013119534,0.00007248233,0.000042629916,0.00010847318,0.00015582055,0.00003497679],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006169695,0.00006478873,0.0021900176,0.00013900924,0.00005289797,0.00015205075,0.00025731028,0.0049456293,0.9508726,0.040640987,0.00013529626,0.00048773605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008287477,0.00028555616,0.038627703,0.0008159179,0.00047817224,0.00041423982,0.0036429784,0.062390417,0.85406226,0.018475296,0.0074362326,0.0050837467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015869173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040020437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09681032,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004085299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006011591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76310414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976591043","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.000546","title":"Matrix form for the instrument line shape of Fourier-transform spectrometers yielding a fast integration algorithm to theoretical spectra","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Apodization; Optics; Fourier transform; Algorithm; Discretization; Fast Fourier transform; Matrix representation; Matrix (chemical analysis); Discrete Fourier transform (general); Physics; Fractional Fourier transform; Computer science; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Fourier analysis; Materials science","score_opus":0.008484082545620084,"score_gpt":0.25526331023007187,"score_spread":0.2467792276844518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976591043","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06093059,0.000028377208,0.90054244,0.0017433511,0.000058840207,0.00086758146,0.00015063543,0.00009383305,0.035584353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84400946,0.00002664905,0.15485893,0.00007405045,0.0003592414,0.00038880776,0.000088272034,0.000033125634,0.0001614888],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987098,0.0000023010484,0.0004156292,0.00027732545,0.00024453338,0.00035041358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991209,0.0002664508,0.00009567699,0.0003921373,0.00005364294,0.00007120416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017515979,0.00020617052,0.00022126974,0.000060009916,0.00016857982,0.000056000597,0.00030605763,0.00011497469,0.0003920119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014584099,0.00015840757,0.00012816215,0.00023266458,0.00013367996,0.00004046212,0.000035968245,0.0002073296,0.000012128035],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009554926,0.00013410921,0.000003956739,0.00003794718,0.000048836155,3.6442478e-7,0.00025741258,0.00024078871,0.1702258,0.77752274,0.00013465212,0.051297825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061351544,0.00011342592,0.00001676727,0.000022423012,0.00014137657,0.00000521452,0.0009271104,0.10291144,0.8265099,0.06699755,0.0015206505,0.00022065968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022478245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028518554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78307885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113712646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003752059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6459673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976656784","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.003444","title":"Optical design of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Millimeter Bolometric Array Camera","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Telescope; Cosmic microwave background; Cardinal point; Bolometer; Millimeter; South Pole Telescope; Cosmology; Transition edge sensor; Reflecting telescope","score_opus":0.015040709591117843,"score_gpt":0.23291484798550183,"score_spread":0.217874138394384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976656784","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92284465,0.000105651474,0.071692124,0.00033931597,0.00012064859,0.00032360418,0.0000032036141,0.000022759725,0.0045480453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860571,0.000007223099,0.013612644,0.00016444846,0.00008955364,0.000015325986,0.000001888079,0.000014707897,0.000037117017],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991499,0.00003606245,0.00024739234,0.0001826859,0.00010849344,0.00027544505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863285,0.00082895707,0.000086877066,0.00037645473,0.0000394221,0.000035417175],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006140649,0.00013027257,0.00024901197,0.00007521572,0.00012109844,0.000014242051,0.0002893038,0.000092800445,0.000022112314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003690984,0.00007320253,0.000054752865,0.0004226782,0.0007017883,0.000018995905,0.00010553943,0.00031796985,0.000013595433],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006621535,0.00013845832,0.018592061,0.0000132270225,0.00026974274,0.0000014383264,0.0007949326,0.00008440784,0.03338695,0.9072271,0.0001339272,0.03929154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009324795,0.0003432009,0.008925168,0.000040794086,0.00077314547,0.000073000825,0.035146426,0.00042768198,0.83686835,0.103938,0.0030891346,0.0010502959],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054333555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012639542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8034814,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007905356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002377502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29851124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976918719","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.006176","title":"Comparison between a model-based and a conventional pyramid sensor reconstructor","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Pyramid (geometry); Wavefront; Adaptive optics; Calibration; Optics; Jacobian matrix and determinant; Visibility; Computer science; Algorithm; Physics; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.026636074697018727,"score_gpt":0.278471243486785,"score_spread":0.25183516878976625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976918719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5052667,0.0000063364287,0.47729185,0.000032362797,0.00003584819,0.00012968938,0.000033846318,0.000019542695,0.017183807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8832435,2.385447e-7,0.116318576,0.000037264173,0.0002165944,0.0000019194345,0.00006461994,0.000020137148,0.00009717182],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990654,0.0000058116752,0.000284784,0.00022894608,0.00013715228,0.00027789272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943346,0.00012096057,0.0001208528,0.00013874024,0.000056500387,0.00012946692],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017178182,0.00016026382,0.00024524142,0.00005194382,0.00013295868,0.000043189273,0.00005558922,0.00005601744,0.000026155725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002000978,0.00016664034,0.000052431715,0.00006337915,0.00014973019,0.000029150557,0.000035509172,0.00017110578,0.000014845298],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009884498,0.00019084982,0.1635057,0.000028725955,0.00022149368,0.0000031833347,0.00028977983,0.007028657,0.0058292532,0.7871435,0.00017994067,0.03548002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004575636,0.00013440163,0.027096266,0.00006759895,0.00034204734,0.000002491954,0.0023963314,0.87462556,0.027212199,0.059848543,0.0022700368,0.0014288621],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000064725837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011555386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8675969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019306099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004198874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6795396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977083889","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.007667","title":"Correction to the plant canopy gap-size analysis theory used by the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies instrument","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"TRAC; Canopy; Leaf area index; Transect; Photosynthetically active radiation; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Ray tracing (physics); Optics; Physics; Geology; Computer science; Ecology; Botany; Biology","score_opus":0.007117304775992443,"score_gpt":0.17429871394388266,"score_spread":0.1671814091678902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977083889","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98713046,0.000050518433,0.0031087652,0.0010853881,0.00016028859,0.00035130372,0.000015603047,0.000019460742,0.0080781905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99810284,0.00003553614,0.0009773163,0.00024343026,0.00003086075,0.0000036424744,0.0000073886317,0.000006142439,0.00059281953],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992474,0.00005115937,0.00014427403,0.00017247778,0.00024483015,0.00013989213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993723,0.00028178334,0.000090818,0.00020956807,0.0000037266439,0.0000417762],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019841465,0.000106938234,0.00011921811,0.000019795034,0.00016979629,0.000034493496,0.00012853618,0.00004245746,0.000056379555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038065944,0.00005518228,0.0000341579,0.00042934078,0.00010882373,0.000020169713,0.000050088107,0.00014004605,0.000009615882],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073400115,0.00011413096,0.007412834,0.000013164868,0.00048566898,0.000001768019,0.05023295,0.49723062,0.12964265,0.0011038248,0.028926728,0.28476226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025611415,0.0005800297,0.4531387,0.0001062412,0.003871027,0.00017765738,0.02536703,0.22476992,0.22549933,0.0034778859,0.058065757,0.002385265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029683314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009357167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4457259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007875639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000022441322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2250268},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977184706","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003826","title":"Development and performance comparison of two different approaches for stabilizing a harmonic mode-locked fiber laser at 40 GHz","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fiber laser; Jitter; Harmonic; Mode-locking; Laser; Modulation (music); Materials science; Fiber; Mode (computer interface); Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications; Acoustics","score_opus":0.03814029991433504,"score_gpt":0.2600017372438354,"score_spread":0.22186143732950037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977184706","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822114,0.000043244214,0.015552264,0.000015571231,0.000014662204,0.00044585034,0.000020071167,0.000057969395,0.0016389679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8854563,0.0000014198998,0.114008,0.000002546816,0.000027258577,0.00021270981,0.000075305565,0.000023713339,0.00019273414],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902785,0.0000032634214,0.00032143886,0.00025761817,0.00011377372,0.00027608516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950624,0.00006458489,0.00015587284,0.00022039769,0.000024317258,0.000028599716],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003903361,0.00020138086,0.00030244447,0.000038947688,0.00013621696,0.000015762209,0.00012445472,0.00004770155,0.000008813512],"category_scores_gemma":[9.045259e-7,0.00017980287,0.00003368745,0.00006328588,0.000099371864,0.00004586812,0.00017374851,0.00011161248,0.0000041776802],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00071901275,0.0018119132,0.11787352,0.0008251115,0.00043866975,4.4086764e-7,0.003283743,0.07836183,0.026184963,0.17427745,0.00042919058,0.59579414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014303152,0.00004101969,0.001988796,0.000021091731,0.000048139165,1.5869315e-7,0.0007200517,0.03240799,0.9556419,0.0061834194,0.0011768759,0.00034019822],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000030109693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000074360423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92945695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052411244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016998334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73321486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977759615","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006812","title":"Analysis and comparison of impairments in differential phase-shift keying and on-off keying transmission systems based on the error probability","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Keying; Phase-shift keying; Bit error rate; Differential phase; Noise (video); Transmission (telecommunications); Phase noise; Optics; Amplitude and phase-shift keying; Physics; Dispersion (optics); Nonlinear system; Telecommunications; Electronic engineering; Mathematics; Computer science; Decoding methods; Engineering; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.016308494618639202,"score_gpt":0.24662495722977062,"score_spread":0.23031646261113142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977759615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98275024,0.00008531484,0.016004596,0.00004511768,0.000024542122,0.000459075,0.0000063025914,0.00013269122,0.000492134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972165,0.0000086493465,0.002692411,0.000003945174,0.000012697815,0.000038895672,0.0000095445275,0.000016318712,0.0000010256988],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900347,0.000022743943,0.0003583593,0.00020910476,0.00018726457,0.00021907811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993751,0.00028499484,0.0000503956,0.0002472061,0.000009272222,0.000033043492],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016783758,0.00017582951,0.0003692455,0.00015066708,0.000056784233,0.000043643307,0.00010859337,0.00012686459,0.0000033792094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010476176,0.00012911187,0.000040789873,0.00037183161,0.00009811142,0.000019985402,0.000024972502,0.00023908333,4.937535e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012336597,0.0005416449,0.031452063,0.00031629027,0.000117298165,0.0000027614403,0.00022574402,0.9477331,0.0032955676,0.00725856,0.000014901991,0.008918675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007331014,0.000091206384,0.016026255,0.000060667888,0.000111287765,1.3615022e-7,0.00010757228,0.9808406,0.0015786045,0.00030734082,0.000009328712,0.00013390511],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001575979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001161065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033107467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043156706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004066521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52650297},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978156281","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.000808","title":"Control of reflectance of liquid droplets by means of electrowetting","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Electrowetting; Optics; Reflectivity; Reflection (computer programming); Materials science; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.003097078705934942,"score_gpt":0.18512977524373034,"score_spread":0.18203269653779539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978156281","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92898124,0.0024478023,0.06473575,0.000060027724,0.00003056565,0.0001541254,0.000016190274,0.00027399196,0.0033002915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99196273,0.00037740354,0.007584561,0.000015028466,0.000010826786,0.0000095969235,0.000003665601,0.00002986075,0.0000063006205],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991111,0.0000040939326,0.00037880853,0.000115608236,0.00012590236,0.0002644657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995,0.000055294047,0.00012259075,0.00024973112,0.000052510473,0.000019892179],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012238318,0.00013163548,0.00032037555,0.00007135707,0.000016811813,0.0000021559613,0.00020351236,0.00012635878,0.0000019184615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038746843,0.00013900812,0.000048948536,0.00023522998,0.000096547476,0.000019895664,0.000016354616,0.00017636089,0.000001227764],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030085124,0.000030121422,0.000007720513,0.00011242032,0.000059458012,4.540955e-7,0.000119582524,0.0016310627,0.977274,0.019655291,0.0001287099,0.0009510839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006359595,0.0002093283,0.0000034359443,0.000044788343,0.000030193081,0.0000022666534,0.000060001905,0.000093720184,0.9976422,0.0009778806,0.00018821386,0.00011200176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000062824165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016851419,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0629815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004186051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002823256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56685865},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978188916","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000a62","title":"Holography-based wavefront sensing","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Zernike polynomials; Wavefront; Optics; Holography; Physics; Detector; Multiplexing; Spatial light modulator; Amplitude; Wavefront sensor; Orientation (vector space); Adaptive optics; Computer science; Mathematics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01126070255444631,"score_gpt":0.2332893298340987,"score_spread":0.2220286272796524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978188916","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16628616,0.000010492591,0.62987536,0.000056809225,0.00016716053,0.00017703134,0.000007581347,0.000061958264,0.20335744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86810833,3.5415357e-7,0.13118498,0.00018621296,0.00034574774,7.283523e-7,0.000033930148,0.00003371618,0.00010599503],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987777,0.000007812145,0.0002648479,0.00028203326,0.00018146346,0.0004861474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992884,0.000103625884,0.00011123598,0.0003002181,0.00006235478,0.00013420875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027383477,0.00021098334,0.00020643647,0.00010090068,0.00018213807,0.000045946945,0.00009319997,0.00006328668,0.00003600305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023710354,0.00020939522,0.00010891472,0.00018116238,0.00011143863,0.000026087688,0.000042326814,0.00021016411,0.000060725375],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011629705,0.000268407,0.005996946,0.000014182018,0.000193939,0.000042250438,0.00035579293,0.0024201027,0.03240691,0.8317999,0.0006208977,0.12576434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013693693,0.0006637374,0.047241546,0.00024654347,0.0010089854,0.00002113845,0.013763832,0.17047854,0.43287948,0.21734402,0.09470187,0.007956635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002458906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003959968,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70182216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022265023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003224707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8538889},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978705280","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.001610","title":"Self-centering of a ball lens by laser trapping: fiber-ball-fiber coupling analysis","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Lens (geology); Optical fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Laser; Fiber laser; Graded-index fiber; Ball (mathematics); Fiber optic sensor; Physics","score_opus":0.00767861824214055,"score_gpt":0.2086701135644365,"score_spread":0.20099149532229593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978705280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75826764,0.00008198097,0.012986476,0.000045534092,0.00009976468,0.00041406893,0.00010865863,0.00009935543,0.22789654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814776,0.000009818439,0.016747024,0.000026147321,0.00005971142,0.000024535342,0.00008501106,0.000043070257,0.0015270917],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858004,0.000011275257,0.00042196366,0.000324482,0.00026232106,0.00039989434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991913,0.0000603289,0.00019320722,0.00038795584,0.00006604367,0.00010116215],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015586901,0.00025754375,0.00040233514,0.00010279971,0.0000950184,0.000053230055,0.00019324764,0.00007129373,0.0007664765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029217401,0.0002727804,0.0002315562,0.0004887882,0.00005282652,0.00007210788,0.00006726629,0.00018079573,0.00010766522],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017069766,0.010298229,0.042378053,0.0009923162,0.032230295,0.00002821338,0.00534685,0.19427967,0.07697466,0.62346333,0.007684637,0.006153056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009939073,0.000507324,0.00086537434,0.00016126227,0.012272325,0.0000058029905,0.005687087,0.1009986,0.4814833,0.007949842,0.3747725,0.005357502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009334673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.107262e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6155135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039515788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003313286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978834269","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.001333","title":"Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide in beef cattle using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"RTDS Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Exhaled nitric oxide; Breath gas analysis; Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy; Expiration; Absorption (acoustics); Medicine; Materials science; Spectroscopy; Bovine respiratory disease; Respiratory system; Animal science; Airway; Tunable laser; Internal medicine; Anesthesia; Optoelectronics; Biology; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.021234453531113157,"score_gpt":0.2654448352606268,"score_spread":0.24421038172951362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978834269","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95472026,0.000095280964,0.014556739,0.000009800614,0.000012683374,0.00017645446,0.000008399596,0.0000519455,0.030368421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868407,0.000029584537,0.012834198,0.0000295786,0.00008912513,0.000034634377,0.00001889649,0.000033944416,0.00008929985],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839944,0.000005297319,0.00047226594,0.00029879954,0.0004049622,0.00041922322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916583,0.000049639355,0.00017019846,0.00044148284,0.00008310835,0.000089766436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046300245,0.0001851474,0.00025168987,0.00013250532,0.00007269866,0.000018125715,0.00019726844,0.00014516068,0.00017019831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022865883,0.0002067375,0.000057426158,0.00042167745,0.00006320284,0.00004876648,0.000044994194,0.00023900361,0.000034594934],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000074018906,0.00026317133,0.0033404224,0.000079705256,0.00002274507,0.0000024429792,0.000036248523,0.0017077363,0.9912774,0.0030818628,0.000034746266,0.00007953315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000698535,0.0000073329657,0.005140783,0.000037903643,0.000050252107,0.0000030082056,0.00029106476,0.0010513014,0.9914217,0.00090943574,0.0001875475,0.0002011186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014887359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000059430375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032120463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004118253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008264371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8430511},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978857664","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.001929","title":"Study of bandwidth effects in monochromator-based spectral responsivity measurements","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Monochromator; Optics; Bandwidth (computing); Responsivity; Stray light; Materials science; Physics; Telecommunications; Computer science; Photodetector; Wavelength","score_opus":0.04097705499099714,"score_gpt":0.23340247574838935,"score_spread":0.19242542075739222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978857664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851803,0.00003920256,0.0035039198,0.000008265083,0.00006772476,0.00071839744,0.0000010320496,0.00030062947,0.010180539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99688053,0.000004565445,0.0029794152,0.000024910029,0.000014525803,0.00006389121,0.000001327965,0.000022465665,0.000008393943],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991962,0.000028053699,0.00022737354,0.00011888917,0.00027292257,0.0001566099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964267,0.00004095996,0.000028027212,0.00022552932,0.000018989595,0.000043826683],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020882161,0.00012275187,0.00018702933,0.00013330491,0.000016601032,0.0000129755,0.00009153971,0.000054120323,0.000021637488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020046367,0.00013129835,0.00002454677,0.00021425406,0.000013243948,0.000037666174,0.0000100941215,0.00010348497,0.000008470839],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002093918,0.004748511,0.038377304,0.00067252835,0.00022127309,0.00006206573,0.003575653,0.060061023,0.8756296,0.0039287475,0.0045728707,0.007941032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052662045,0.00046985366,0.045898903,0.00008313346,0.0000594661,0.0000011798604,0.0001940357,0.048820633,0.89824927,0.00025528643,0.0001751112,0.0005269402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037112166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037011774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02261965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006878854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000648158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5354191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978956510","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.007039","title":"Optically reconfigurable azobenzene polymer-based fiber Bragg filter","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; Optics; PHOSFOS; Silicon; Optoelectronics; Fiber; Plastic optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Wavelength; Composite material","score_opus":0.008745618267553372,"score_gpt":0.19974629473788189,"score_spread":0.1910006764703285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978956510","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13065033,0.0004623285,0.0029325546,0.00044705192,0.00017993448,0.00025343004,0.00001877223,0.00066443457,0.86439115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9704521,0.00004697695,0.02685855,0.0007524918,0.00024117516,0.000047064717,0.00002472892,0.0000796775,0.0014972518],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871606,0.0000057774314,0.0003151797,0.0002437439,0.00020207753,0.0005171593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992303,0.0001253596,0.00002587783,0.00038233213,0.000027436196,0.00020865352],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009560029,0.00025026585,0.0002536175,0.00006052811,0.000062859275,0.00007224841,0.00024935039,0.00017739178,0.0020828869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009191265,0.00024398777,0.000076777564,0.00015481593,0.000050258313,0.000092526025,0.000020611278,0.00026923747,0.0024159483],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019670966,0.00068366155,0.000067205554,0.0006044964,0.00055217475,0.00006145203,0.00047173453,0.38628688,0.20926292,0.17514527,0.012828415,0.21383905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012546848,0.000060840488,0.00023958943,0.000044327277,0.00008987957,0.000008625137,0.000042058306,0.3295993,0.5668829,0.000381598,0.10048194,0.00091424154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000267266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006075296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86289394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006133953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031199423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99882936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979102045","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.004702","title":"Automatic target recognition employing signal compression","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Clutter; Automatic target recognition; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Computer vision; Filter (signal processing); Matched filter; SIGNAL (programming language); Metric (unit); Computational complexity theory; Algorithm; Radar; Synthetic aperture radar","score_opus":0.037784981294477056,"score_gpt":0.2583971325990913,"score_spread":0.22061215130461426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979102045","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5152602,0.00004520413,0.46256423,0.0000042964107,0.00045355817,0.00017955345,0.0000044005315,0.0014057988,0.020082757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.44824454,0.00000833157,0.5515069,0.0000384096,0.00012385573,0.000013745616,0.000017431226,0.00003459476,0.000012186964],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990643,0.000018840425,0.00029244937,0.0001365907,0.00017038504,0.00031738062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993832,0.00031439905,0.000043717395,0.00015954481,0.00003488616,0.000064231805],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055146666,0.00015377207,0.00016531472,0.00013276182,0.00009626109,0.000030758027,0.00008572566,0.00014743001,0.00020738508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041680963,0.00016070477,0.00003797331,0.00019437153,0.000030540865,0.000077715944,0.000029998122,0.00025615602,0.00020658536],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039796974,0.000042959182,0.000119491975,0.00026743815,0.000088873756,0.00003666651,0.00084400043,0.10133001,0.6187973,0.0011335255,0.0010143999,0.2762855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037956817,0.000030473131,0.0008615113,0.00003555024,0.000023898172,0.000019369581,0.00040042496,0.13889667,0.846555,0.0116202785,0.00077690365,0.0004003628],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.945199e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.6917947e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27588513,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006553676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000065344443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65533507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979490424","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003372","title":"Distributed Brillouin fiber sensor for detecting pipeline buckling in an energy pipe under internal pressure","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Buckling; Materials science; Internal pressure; Tension (geology); Bending; Cylinder stress; Pressure sensor; Compression (physics); Ultimate tensile strength; Brillouin zone; Structural engineering; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.008598994313306598,"score_gpt":0.2206027094080455,"score_spread":0.2120037150947389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979490424","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24301937,0.00012751404,0.75337803,0.000021400578,0.00019053501,0.0002464476,0.00007036856,0.0003938154,0.0025524981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93421704,0.000007100359,0.06465285,0.000037065798,0.00038256973,0.000046742618,0.00013539621,0.000116538686,0.00040469648],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985687,0.000009646055,0.00045111743,0.00031701912,0.00014981403,0.00050366955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929374,0.00020824876,0.000064517,0.00029782628,0.00005713387,0.00007854985],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000104131934,0.0002670768,0.0002696548,0.000098453595,0.00005709441,0.000051668267,0.00016076266,0.00018674957,0.000021779193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025610421,0.00030838893,0.00005529671,0.00020764703,0.0000346361,0.00009678328,0.000037153157,0.00023048387,0.000008019017],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037929727,0.000028354603,0.000055269036,0.000039802395,0.00002212918,0.0000058042388,0.000052899,0.9679288,0.026063424,0.0020655473,0.00009317621,0.0036068324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014555757,0.000034105335,0.00032842017,0.00004098044,0.000063946485,0.000017665605,0.00030509918,0.89399445,0.09216039,0.0025021806,0.008472982,0.0006242048],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004027946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015798915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6911977,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008676804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009894072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999368},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979665048","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.005979","title":"Laser beam diffraction at the edge of a film and application to thin film metrology","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Diffraction; Laser; Thin film; Interference (communication); Beam (structure); Phase (matter); Physics","score_opus":0.005227920186800628,"score_gpt":0.20484092846636057,"score_spread":0.19961300827955994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979665048","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9466949,0.00005374599,0.043622192,0.00023512349,0.00020635339,0.00044602787,0.000009632488,0.00010872532,0.00862326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970544,0.0000820858,0.0017479444,0.000102599326,0.00005906344,0.00018753107,0.000015218889,0.000020010853,0.0007311485],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99947643,0.000007615493,0.00017792251,0.00012413687,0.000082577426,0.00013131305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994742,0.00016512942,0.000038831266,0.00022324246,0.00004583009,0.000052759835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000064750704,0.00009993083,0.000115515526,0.00005184058,0.00011071507,0.000016108677,0.00007225935,0.00008251835,0.00012807567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012942201,0.00007954408,0.000025208788,0.00013212553,0.00003301336,0.00007023557,0.00003373673,0.00011854513,0.00026343638],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032386408,0.000114851064,0.0015369126,0.00006659666,0.00015526086,3.0383057e-7,0.0022931658,0.7474376,0.18486947,0.0036686666,0.048150435,0.01167434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070454634,0.0001336543,0.05808419,0.000014883631,0.00015378327,0.000021380314,0.0025893732,0.7260309,0.120775305,0.0020139972,0.08890217,0.0005758588],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000067915294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000087275424,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06409416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046718116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004454893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33860293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980503121","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.000945","title":"Detection of benzene and toluene gases using a midinfrared continuous-wave external cavity quantum cascade laser at atmospheric pressure","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Toluene; Materials science; Atmospheric pressure; Benzene; Optics; Cascade; Laser; Quantum cascade laser; Absorption (acoustics); Continuous wave; Absorption spectroscopy; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.010731893684238644,"score_gpt":0.2334520254811611,"score_spread":0.22272013179692246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1980503121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99547964,0.00016970346,0.002367277,0.000010469947,0.000061073755,0.00015233514,0.000056380468,0.000065743676,0.0016373717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909349,0.000032162487,0.008505229,0.000022971324,0.00014931921,0.00004159683,0.00001228425,0.000032480646,0.0002690596],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989955,0.000006100138,0.0002729472,0.0003085097,0.00016961439,0.0002473473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913996,0.00008911437,0.00019632578,0.00040350438,0.000059110593,0.000112005335],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007120415,0.00018783535,0.00025071003,0.000009909055,0.00017964894,0.000031509517,0.00010879242,0.00021679289,0.0002360814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022914008,0.00019630724,0.00005213135,0.00010707556,0.00012587587,0.000051804695,0.00009901285,0.00028827664,0.0000040212685],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009222233,0.00008550866,0.0009277015,0.0000838683,0.000044064444,0.00000323391,0.00012834303,0.0002384614,0.9969127,0.0008912354,0.000016633292,0.0005760002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005086313,0.000018733013,0.0010800707,0.000015863934,0.00017708256,0.00005326865,0.000116655516,0.02707132,0.96920013,0.0005423938,0.0010171871,0.00019868888],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016991523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017707873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027712623,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003168784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029159906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80051774},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980972185","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.003566","title":"Quantitative photoacoustic tomography with multiple optical sources","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine; Photoacoustic tomography; Materials science; Photoacoustic effect; Absorption (acoustics); Attenuation coefficient; Diffuse optical imaging; Image resolution; Photoacoustic spectroscopy; Optical tomography; Optical imaging; Resolution (logic); Tomography; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.0049841899430107936,"score_gpt":0.19041523897340903,"score_spread":0.18543104903039825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1980972185","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8207335,0.00003820056,0.14868842,0.000012912489,0.0002566824,0.000243064,0.000017994867,0.00048587762,0.029523376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9007392,0.000009295513,0.09898621,0.00005353928,0.00007361792,0.000047481248,0.000010425818,0.000058586764,0.000021628679],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989739,0.0000030763995,0.00017655698,0.00021661523,0.00020845054,0.00042141246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992056,0.00031458415,0.000026326687,0.0002685951,0.000042184114,0.00014274917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009742629,0.00023100246,0.00020917034,0.00009450182,0.000095602154,0.00006540026,0.00018177631,0.00009871722,0.000038038033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003701864,0.0001997585,0.000043506257,0.00025152598,0.00020577156,0.000065160275,0.000021606498,0.00052162877,0.000045456414],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000102229526,0.00012882244,0.0016205641,0.00014496542,0.00023822441,0.000039115745,0.0012843398,0.07058794,0.8916493,0.031688657,0.00038479382,0.0021310595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019738735,0.00015355066,0.0030678834,0.000046861693,0.00026158727,0.000087673456,0.0027089203,0.8412521,0.14661089,0.0010157387,0.0016106601,0.0012103029],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005561701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025075951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77066416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013430318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023293793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8145915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981794725","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.000dh2","title":"Digital Holography and 3-D Imaging: feature introduction","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Holography; Feature (linguistics); Computer science; Digital holography; Optics; Computer graphics (images); Physics; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.0027620709962742638,"score_gpt":0.18627546422925753,"score_spread":0.18351339323298327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981794725","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26560375,0.0036297475,0.4486961,0.021833405,0.0011104981,0.001035257,0.000033132794,0.019365877,0.23869221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91926485,0.00009813111,0.0803397,0.00008827029,0.00013001937,0.0000047508856,0.0000097876955,0.00001854907,0.00004595743],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99948096,7.4013207e-7,0.00007979251,0.00016877982,0.00006587315,0.00020384278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970365,0.000015218747,0.0000117902155,0.00021588916,0.000014878151,0.000038594942],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000019841227,0.00013163849,0.0001074601,0.00008328363,0.000033800923,0.00007703699,0.000093639566,0.00006358577,0.0000017883698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023263356,0.00013036387,0.000018488932,0.00019234921,0.00011841914,0.00015765819,0.000027931326,0.00023486928,0.000010004644],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014922059,0.000050301176,0.00057971745,0.00002927373,0.000036157868,0.000019251132,0.000078084115,0.005786303,0.035583325,0.09963475,0.024163174,0.8340247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027195308,0.00027987763,0.028159939,0.00004715876,0.00018781827,0.0004278829,0.0012655127,0.08613298,0.076007314,0.59785837,0.2033714,0.0035422088],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.0587901e-8,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.9103378e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83048254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014438723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000012933269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53160846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982303044","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.003218","title":"Long-wavelength polarizing cutoff filters for the 275–550-nm spectral region","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Polarizer; Optics; Wavelength; Materials science; Reflection (computer programming); Cutoff; Optical filter; Radiation; Cutoff frequency; Transmission (telecommunications); Polarization (electrochemistry); Electromagnetic radiation; Optoelectronics; Physics; Birefringence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0220003606923975,"score_gpt":0.2041014362710829,"score_spread":0.1821010755786854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982303044","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21710847,0.0047511747,0.30434006,0.0021841761,0.0026784337,0.0032507302,0.000063609594,0.0020765478,0.4635468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920426,0.00047573214,0.0064706667,0.0002910745,0.00027116778,0.000053547872,0.000007548522,0.00005325714,0.00033439518],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990543,0.000003787213,0.00019642123,0.00017712286,0.0001384518,0.00042991713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993228,0.00023828076,0.00002703058,0.00030832528,0.000016797381,0.000086778855],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000078354984,0.00018477126,0.00016640175,0.000033158238,0.00013558658,0.000072046096,0.00024930673,0.00010608191,0.000040944014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014989981,0.00014528126,0.00008496217,0.0001282117,0.00006089965,0.00006665985,0.00003103152,0.00024055246,0.00009173443],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011031278,0.00030875814,0.00035700522,0.00085039425,0.0011341203,0.00008770045,0.004191888,0.056279372,0.010265308,0.7606815,0.029358372,0.13637526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006768708,0.000050012626,0.00067993725,0.000025703355,0.00012614841,0.000022037499,0.0002526953,0.9646121,0.0055356254,0.0014588743,0.026104013,0.0004559762],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037687648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008548767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9083327,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051877803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000051745455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5924398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982494145","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.004250","title":"Time evolution of reflective thermal lenses and measurement of thermal diffusivity in bulk solids","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Optics; Materials science; Lens (geology); Thermal; Beam divergence; Beam (structure); Laser flash analysis; Laser; Substrate (aquarium); Laser beams; Laser beam quality; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0084023712975281,"score_gpt":0.1976477235884644,"score_spread":0.1892453522909363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982494145","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904145,0.00019365364,0.0052554137,0.0000034135169,0.000019018607,0.00019256142,0.000021659376,0.00007911662,0.0038206535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981655,0.000024306546,0.0017602141,0.0000031441723,0.000014117811,0.000015746224,9.57378e-7,0.000015053338,9.59812e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994635,0.000008260978,0.00017241253,0.00008620603,0.00014398286,0.00012563616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976134,0.000021761885,0.00003828177,0.00012223168,0.000034983175,0.000021418733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016146485,0.00010151884,0.00016956238,0.00008053509,0.000014024421,0.000002759325,0.000060980514,0.000080086626,0.0000042868737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000058416827,0.00009864532,0.000027701743,0.00012828827,0.000093637536,0.000026119691,0.000018061663,0.000100509795,3.2826125e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039854927,0.00006532627,0.000099008124,0.00006318539,0.000030992214,5.8813873e-7,0.00072105724,0.016751286,0.97817034,0.0027147874,0.0000012714147,0.0013423096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007255788,0.0001243649,0.0336493,0.000089667636,0.000041262152,0.00000147592,0.00012159459,0.0015596597,0.95935184,0.0041399044,0.000004304769,0.00019105544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036613772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010776324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03355029,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007117573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017784401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40226394},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982800908","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000870","title":"Simple method for antireflection coating ZnSe in the 20 μm wavelength range","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Zinc selenide; Optics; Materials science; Wavelength; Infrared; Optoelectronics; Refractive index; Coating; Optical coating; Simple (philosophy); Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.03982101765580714,"score_gpt":0.2791534683392807,"score_spread":0.23933245068347353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982800908","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94046766,0.00015284706,0.04847275,0.00005209206,0.0003336654,0.00094198546,0.000026863818,0.00031754634,0.009234622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93636596,0.00005219364,0.063017875,0.00013453263,0.00020292548,0.000106025356,0.00003202299,0.000053390144,0.000035070465],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914455,0.000019695899,0.00024300825,0.00016410672,0.00013848768,0.0002901739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993175,0.00034955028,0.000035192064,0.00024286324,0.000023710356,0.000031136744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038177794,0.00015340553,0.0001791972,0.00006798848,0.00010754848,0.00001866217,0.00017096681,0.00010480007,0.0000072914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004353926,0.00013600895,0.000054616514,0.00024611063,0.000021772448,0.000052639913,0.000019261344,0.00022712797,0.0000137372845],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006300323,0.00009646169,0.0004628171,0.00023278149,0.00011590893,0.000025879,0.012852169,0.047748774,0.8995898,0.01200724,0.0066592847,0.020145908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026914328,0.000075949036,0.0007114282,0.000018983905,0.00009649456,0.00014226613,0.002608398,0.8113463,0.16487555,0.0054150796,0.011220307,0.0007977871],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016765485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004191468,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76359755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000522853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001235863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55462843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982916943","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000683","title":"Interconnection of a two-dimensional array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers to a receiver array by means of a fiber image guide","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Interconnection; Laser; Optical fiber; Channel (broadcasting); Semiconductor laser theory; Optoelectronics; Transmission (telecommunications); Optical interconnect; Fiber laser; Coupling (piping); Telecommunications; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.007304871250735669,"score_gpt":0.2250974070278331,"score_spread":0.21779253577709742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982916943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97567254,0.000030656258,0.00096048025,0.000028892011,0.000077215365,0.0001785806,0.000059088066,0.000051322833,0.02294123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96609396,0.00001266322,0.03363517,0.00005500668,0.000023950788,0.0000056298004,0.000016036754,0.000033425058,0.00012416129],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987805,0.00001587295,0.0005254844,0.0002051065,0.00023099924,0.00024204771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992756,0.00021009134,0.00004781116,0.00025526405,0.00009389095,0.00011732784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018534694,0.00017825536,0.0003731431,0.000047799105,0.000020832314,0.000008260395,0.00013938418,0.0000959625,0.0005615315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004513788,0.00017534268,0.000087968925,0.00024399927,0.00009633668,0.000076757344,0.000018507362,0.00014988796,0.000045372377],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005316253,0.0000792186,0.000065435575,0.000102184466,0.00007863036,6.312764e-7,0.00031761848,0.04907068,0.9482342,0.0001757981,0.0010752283,0.0007472053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006052183,0.00006342245,0.00007956586,0.00009770646,0.00005993271,0.0000018042906,0.00014368835,0.0061475127,0.99160624,0.00012425504,0.0008673876,0.00020329733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006139626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012141454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043371998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045716824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015646712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7150267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983530670","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.000162","title":"Thermo-optic characterization of long-range surface-plasmon devices in Cytop","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Optics; Electromigration; Optoelectronics; Astronomical interferometer; Surface plasmon; Extinction ratio; Interferometry; Plasmon; Interference (communication); Wavelength; Surface plasmon polariton; Composite material","score_opus":0.01120011016231797,"score_gpt":0.21017186065421475,"score_spread":0.19897175049189678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983530670","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99006236,0.000054333665,0.00055030256,0.000038372178,0.00007714692,0.00041172645,0.00001224644,0.00009690302,0.008696625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99661213,0.00018693184,0.0029425565,0.000014035344,0.0000059866693,0.00003630348,0.000038528637,0.0000389316,0.00012460968],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890435,0.000014152554,0.0003179523,0.00016190701,0.00024441886,0.00035723613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949753,0.000105629144,0.000043213935,0.00023048677,0.000046666904,0.000076491],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014962477,0.00017074884,0.0002592554,0.000093587085,0.000023986942,0.000038549693,0.00020940288,0.00014540822,0.00016062827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008676072,0.00016761322,0.000031069994,0.0002845412,0.000047460435,0.00014556896,0.000039777828,0.00022314496,0.0002543453],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003720092,0.00016191801,0.05464809,0.00055581477,0.00010729231,0.000023570163,0.000966272,0.12772761,0.80905676,0.002799244,0.000085245345,0.0038309677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010295794,0.000049227936,0.28776136,0.00007952493,0.000022102093,0.0000052725213,0.00029501758,0.62458515,0.08517999,0.00022358188,0.000203494,0.00056569994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002837248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029759654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7238768,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050230206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020632478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6835069},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983940840","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.001142","title":"Optical fiber refractometer using narrowband cladding-mode resonance shifts","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":253,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; Long-period fiber grating; Cladding mode; Refractometer; Optical fiber; Cladding (metalworking); Fiber optic sensor; Graded-index fiber; Refractive index; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Single-mode optical fiber; PHOSFOS; Mode volume; Optoelectronics; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.016331189072779723,"score_gpt":0.2662165393606362,"score_spread":0.2498853502878565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983940840","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83346355,0.00023378259,0.08507773,0.00002084131,0.00039304636,0.00030566528,0.00001059954,0.0005912297,0.079903565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7079626,0.000023473493,0.29124108,0.00009248644,0.00026264248,0.000006740154,0.0000070345823,0.0001269515,0.00027704242],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99809355,0.000004858643,0.00044425024,0.0003512792,0.00033764858,0.00076839735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998959,0.00023587282,0.00004961436,0.00049737515,0.000046261313,0.00021189982],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022172768,0.0003225904,0.0003108697,0.00014552513,0.00009249388,0.00004487423,0.00021672051,0.00027608452,0.000074884905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042604763,0.00034967787,0.000066447465,0.00038718976,0.000109823806,0.00012906977,0.00005897305,0.00048660417,0.00022528834],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040129214,0.00018662364,0.00031919873,0.00027193673,0.00031022055,0.0004103364,0.0023474626,0.51961696,0.33498248,0.044266153,0.0013559172,0.09553144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006054678,0.00023155991,0.006881459,0.00036238786,0.00043162028,0.00029942705,0.0012789695,0.39160195,0.39828897,0.008776544,0.17964262,0.0061498275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015029347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034873601,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20616333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020357563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014697089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984276749","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.000c11","title":"Laser photothermal radiometric instrumentation for fast in-line industrial steel hardness inspection and case depth measurements","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Laser; Photothermal therapy; Instrumentation (computer programming); Nondestructive testing; Physics","score_opus":0.062282263955519675,"score_gpt":0.24400053779553815,"score_spread":0.18171827384001848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984276749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97646415,0.000035638477,0.021488404,0.000001750158,0.00023161672,0.00065930124,0.00005671812,0.00025007312,0.00081234373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99621946,0.00005425495,0.0033917539,0.000014492256,0.00009956259,0.00015941903,0.000021706972,0.000031959935,0.0000074176405],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936056,0.000007943733,0.00020698091,0.00013862834,0.0001145953,0.00017130769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976444,0.00003181091,0.00003564458,0.00009583268,0.000022061588,0.000050195442],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001305781,0.0001359663,0.00015331256,0.00034304278,0.00008361178,0.000017448547,0.00004662422,0.00013100104,0.0000040107184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000820994,0.00014851737,0.000025643069,0.0005178944,0.000039251987,0.00007579346,0.000009354839,0.00013705553,4.1812868e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012553365,0.0009767954,0.029362917,0.00060459395,0.0007271955,0.00045833903,0.007529864,0.041054014,0.31453204,0.0011999224,0.0014000789,0.6008989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.020267088,0.00066509313,0.021634584,0.00011679229,0.00029018015,0.0013441622,0.0016820813,0.122670114,0.82819027,0.0005040039,0.0008431593,0.0017924511],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026981194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003946799,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59910643,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006598052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011692484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6056363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984317411","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.000446","title":"In situ combustion measurements of CO, H_2O, and temperature with a 158-µm diode laser and two-tone frequency modulation","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Laser; Diode; Modulation (music); In situ; Combustion; Frequency modulation; Tone (literature); Optoelectronics; Physics; Telecommunications; Radio frequency; Chemistry; Acoustics","score_opus":0.016023923688904717,"score_gpt":0.25256840861780927,"score_spread":0.23654448492890456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984317411","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9793931,0.00009537861,0.00014630426,0.00009786084,0.0000058224655,0.00015065039,0.000013810732,0.000023283696,0.020073792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960213,0.00004734519,0.0036429658,0.000057454505,0.000026662346,0.00003406431,0.00004053161,0.000014895674,0.00011478802],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931586,0.0000054861734,0.00017067586,0.00021203424,0.0001645841,0.00013134841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999612,0.000025782278,0.000074605596,0.00019877616,0.000038619488,0.000050252096],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006049117,0.0001236197,0.00015008186,0.000039318264,0.000056465164,0.000021656388,0.000053229,0.0000961323,0.00007908265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005437247,0.000117102834,0.000009549087,0.00012995415,0.00007708018,0.00007169318,0.000013968828,0.00015390899,0.000004262809],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034362387,0.00014486327,0.008999965,0.00007582158,0.00002571242,0.0000014270835,0.00036563893,0.00055999996,0.98695,0.0026088401,0.00008801102,0.00014540121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027178794,0.000040258186,0.006918157,0.000060281654,0.00007555878,0.000010290006,0.00023447229,0.0031443434,0.9851971,0.001273872,0.000050596525,0.00027718584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021676258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006418991,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019959005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003338927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008094802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47753152},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984897334","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.002914","title":"Invariants of polarization transformations","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Stokes parameters; Polarization (electrochemistry); Polarimetry; Invariant (physics); Computer science; Optics; Linear polarization; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Scattering","score_opus":0.0071856297268550915,"score_gpt":0.2026986937345851,"score_spread":0.19551306400773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984897334","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.045233026,0.0000205982,0.8174512,0.000015713646,0.00011220616,0.0000944846,0.0000069951266,0.00012888724,0.13693692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848975,0.000017996997,0.014930201,0.000044777382,0.000028149821,0.0000010239648,0.000025761967,0.000014513964,0.000040100287],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949676,0.0000014747669,0.00022374086,0.000044206463,0.00010265934,0.00013113423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997781,0.00003187099,0.000016002672,0.000093444076,0.000025843201,0.000054767148],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011557734,0.000061388295,0.00007900983,0.00010708399,0.0000261047,0.000008800264,0.000059827427,0.0000764386,0.000026298801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010114353,0.000066153334,0.000017974064,0.00036000664,0.000021704627,0.000068246045,0.0000049819064,0.0000794309,0.000058283134],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010490003,0.00007576897,0.0005181893,0.00013655821,0.00004661815,7.1684195e-7,0.0006366697,0.02396228,0.142547,0.81980115,0.00017217213,0.01209241],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028346502,0.00011022338,0.039947502,0.000056245313,0.00017553048,0.0000107545575,0.0011982631,0.24875738,0.6776464,0.017706132,0.010254599,0.0013023203],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.9122297e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018832444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9396644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013466827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005846786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26976547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985172088","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.001212","title":"Flashes of light below the dripping faucet: an optical signal from capillary oscillations of water drops","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Drop (telecommunication); Physics; Capillary action; Millimeter; Materials science","score_opus":0.0043204444584130615,"score_gpt":0.18037611581054433,"score_spread":0.17605567135213127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985172088","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97200567,0.00010688083,0.020727156,0.00014340569,0.000065603694,0.00015418077,0.000016833716,0.00007608503,0.006704201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99240506,0.00008707344,0.0072632967,0.000037552185,0.00009008199,0.0000040743043,0.00007222015,0.000029100778,0.000011564242],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990183,0.000008283354,0.0003504998,0.00015069365,0.00019916694,0.0002730324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994519,0.000056755816,0.000033396573,0.00034719546,0.000048869893,0.00006188487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010070596,0.00016441838,0.00024023528,0.00006033588,0.00006907633,0.00002262208,0.00023221449,0.00012473417,0.0000142356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000034445254,0.00011854753,0.00006193707,0.00013549147,0.000060636077,0.000054666914,0.000028875862,0.00018957628,0.000006853174],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000722486,0.000038908664,0.000033292792,0.000011197284,0.000053216252,0.0000013798881,0.00059666723,0.11177456,0.8403097,0.045218866,0.000013990534,0.0019410092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002036328,0.00007730861,0.00068012776,0.000012676269,0.00006109531,0.0000020966677,0.00006678355,0.7980342,0.19061549,0.00995254,0.00009049286,0.00020356251],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007512757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020995338,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6862596,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031047548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014114677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4834228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985458340","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004536","title":"Mechanical and thermoelastic characteristics of optical thin films deposited by dual ion beam sputtering","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Thermoelastic damping; Thin film; Sputtering; Thermal expansion; Elastic modulus; Substrate (aquarium); Refractive index; Microstructure; Ion beam; Composite material; Silicon; Optics; Beam (structure); Optoelectronics; Thermal; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.006160463062755934,"score_gpt":0.18118310686627956,"score_spread":0.17502264380352361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985458340","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96182215,0.000081115024,0.034966785,0.000026922233,0.00039515542,0.00018191755,0.000027257054,0.00019241478,0.0023062644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892598,0.000103070204,0.010380745,0.00008188308,0.000064884865,0.000005445484,0.00003909089,0.000032739317,0.000032355805],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895215,0.000006806838,0.00037037465,0.00019211014,0.00020805611,0.0002705062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954563,0.000048443777,0.00005040814,0.00020361338,0.000022963262,0.00012894401],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012964563,0.0002139005,0.0003221034,0.000044471955,0.00004163999,0.000034386336,0.00011610123,0.00018079704,0.00002046582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024285699,0.00020488251,0.000039894257,0.0001118849,0.000028507866,0.000045696423,0.00005305551,0.0002630751,0.000014002255],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002555938,0.000060331313,0.0000027041287,0.000071334114,0.00003920735,0.000008926109,0.000083485655,0.00016751706,0.9540561,0.0403637,0.00016728586,0.0049538445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007477704,0.00029732994,0.0006648082,0.000059385664,0.00016035423,0.000056771463,0.00006704363,0.19761261,0.79600245,0.0035317466,0.00021745948,0.0005822672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.250896e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.7100407e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1974451,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013829484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000058137875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83548665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985640648","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.003801","title":"Efficient linearly polarized ytterbium-doped fiber laser at 1120 nm","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Fiber laser; Optics; Fiber Bragg grating; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Laser; Extinction ratio; Ytterbium; Photonic-crystal fiber; Optoelectronics; Graded-index fiber; Optical fiber; Doping; Fiber optic sensor; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.009709237881650637,"score_gpt":0.21121667967586027,"score_spread":0.20150744179420965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985640648","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9478008,0.00019574928,0.008483606,0.000044596276,0.00063334027,0.00042520306,0.000020296491,0.00067959295,0.04171679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93831456,0.000011591742,0.058632787,0.00017066229,0.00042589303,0.00003662561,0.000028028871,0.00014358995,0.0022362894],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984083,0.000010433106,0.000323194,0.00022508712,0.00027669623,0.0007562734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990081,0.0001305297,0.000047277008,0.000518149,0.00003326394,0.00026264242],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013945723,0.00031441142,0.00028824675,0.00007658131,0.00009046136,0.000029687551,0.00018120412,0.00018244586,0.0003079731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020702822,0.00031828243,0.00007620985,0.00021879052,0.000060360664,0.000054308883,0.00011123415,0.00030387254,0.003630203],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014219397,0.0002927405,0.00062169926,0.00017475065,0.00031450874,0.000023501598,0.0029094485,0.81773686,0.16760905,0.004391538,0.0027264494,0.0030572515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0083545195,0.00012498013,0.0054727406,0.00008851922,0.0005514331,0.00013061086,0.0006893888,0.35327938,0.43856335,0.0002631713,0.18791856,0.004563345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002191164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012187935,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46445748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017936184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007886941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999269},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986111414","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000no1","title":"Applications of Nano-optics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Physical optics; Nano-; Nanophotonics; Geometrical optics; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.012806770235225168,"score_gpt":0.20221699873545554,"score_spread":0.18941022850023037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986111414","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.018844938,0.00015917815,0.05970874,0.000007712811,0.000088861736,0.0002782094,0.000013853787,0.00024694408,0.92065156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95324206,0.00013356924,0.046384063,0.000030182253,0.000044779714,0.00006498893,0.0000058560877,0.00002494194,0.000069574504],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942803,0.0000016585426,0.00020334747,0.000096192874,0.000096291405,0.00017450345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995707,0.000032340085,0.000025901738,0.00027344225,0.000028009586,0.00006956184],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004802591,0.00010199287,0.00014191809,0.00003811958,0.000022954562,0.0000055452947,0.00018240865,0.00008118341,0.00006637104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000028832644,0.00010102095,0.000033603737,0.00015570833,0.000066334935,0.000028693534,0.000030751828,0.00009284239,0.00013932068],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000053946846,0.00005528524,0.00003472643,0.00013009194,0.000059173813,8.763949e-7,0.000402694,0.0005669289,0.011580425,0.97623366,0.000071894676,0.010858824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014591865,0.00014923827,0.002085725,0.00005870822,0.00038349288,0.0000135768305,0.0011273315,0.097965986,0.7277025,0.10742851,0.060018674,0.0016070649],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002272571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018893339,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9343971,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011568367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010041369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41195148},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986172750","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.008298","title":"Oxidation of evaporated porous silicon rugate filters","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Porous silicon; Refractive index; Silicon; Transmittance; Nanoporous; Optics; Optical filter; Optoelectronics; High-refractive-index polymer; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.00779644330591818,"score_gpt":0.21159160051902812,"score_spread":0.20379515721310992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986172750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783961,0.000008640369,0.0006285922,0.00007262522,0.000072990275,0.00014801952,0.000009883574,0.00006473399,0.02059842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98237675,0.0000013677043,0.017212363,0.0000780609,0.0000585913,0.00000955257,0.000039168037,0.000013496331,0.00021061926],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905664,0.000011131274,0.0003347282,0.00019054089,0.00020669146,0.00020027733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994344,0.000060367605,0.00019369675,0.00018321622,0.00009094276,0.000037363458],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021566436,0.00010831223,0.00016463913,0.000031502565,0.0000614158,0.0000497882,0.00012644508,0.00006671664,0.0001120267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032602846,0.00009757377,0.000024248602,0.00015211235,0.000092630566,0.00007082494,0.00004208913,0.00005681343,0.00013241758],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014111699,0.000042056578,0.0000725047,0.000017282186,0.0000014263345,9.5294456e-7,0.00004564177,0.00046909874,0.94927067,0.049521998,0.00026645424,0.00027780255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026208832,0.000054500983,0.0006590306,0.00000877433,0.000015521971,0.0000011764785,0.00006093071,0.00073008356,0.9931423,0.004789198,0.00014533331,0.00013106769],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000081390135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010346161,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.044732798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016372896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022518838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3978943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986214631","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.004131","title":"Testbed for a scalable terabit optical local area network","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Crossbar switch; Terabit; Computer science; Optical switch; Transceiver; Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; Gigabit; CMOS; Testbed; Computer hardware; Bandwidth (computing); Optoelectronics; Materials science; Optics; Physics; Laser; Computer network; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.009479689460376955,"score_gpt":0.19294208574030086,"score_spread":0.18346239627992392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986214631","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4899246,0.0012827949,0.08499489,0.00030054833,0.0007595013,0.0018003663,0.00008358095,0.0017878324,0.41906586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95351356,0.00005142006,0.04491368,0.00043247934,0.0003947065,0.00012604654,0.000043505745,0.000076092474,0.00044847812],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883837,0.0000028748689,0.00025550855,0.00023515012,0.00013315154,0.0005349497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931175,0.00020463901,0.000012136251,0.00026154186,0.000026439739,0.00018348491],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000088566965,0.00021752356,0.0003052119,0.000021884733,0.00007813828,0.00007237932,0.0001804533,0.00016613938,0.00043412313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006858207,0.00020534584,0.000100064164,0.00017053942,0.000086607055,0.00006211503,0.00001738534,0.00017637709,0.00024520705],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001379594,0.00015516001,0.00006766106,0.00023048562,0.0008433517,0.00001734332,0.000103577615,0.8205591,0.0049938145,0.09739121,0.026003681,0.049496662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017860956,0.00016803297,0.00016245976,0.00004352659,0.00093039696,0.000018217812,0.00013060737,0.8853641,0.011374656,0.013581302,0.0852224,0.0012181865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000018372214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004561059,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46358898,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036373098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012557288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83737606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986332638","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.00g136","title":"Statistical error of a compact high-resolution Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor with a discrete detector array","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Physics; Wavefront; Detector; Wavefront sensor; Position (finance); Noise (video); Aperture (computer memory); Angular resolution (graph drawing); Adaptive optics; SIGNAL (programming language); Standard deviation; Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging); Computer science; Mathematics; Acoustics; Computer vision; Statistics","score_opus":0.020326576644140452,"score_gpt":0.31144655269771754,"score_spread":0.2911199760535771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986332638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99074703,0.00001084349,0.0058231354,0.0003810046,0.00012256915,0.00051135104,0.00007908656,0.0000520569,0.0022729249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9647949,0.0000034612071,0.03470587,0.0000864434,0.000119429715,0.000019223502,0.000054950397,0.000024658315,0.00019107701],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895036,0.000016954653,0.00025316412,0.00023889272,0.00023031245,0.00031032838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924517,0.00014243693,0.00010678218,0.00027602402,0.00008182787,0.00014774702],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012921503,0.00019401812,0.00043153152,0.000056622313,0.00009693042,0.0000069528282,0.000060926413,0.00012206962,0.0001253786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006111821,0.00013635565,0.00003906445,0.00008723365,0.00044753597,0.000027669865,0.000026589641,0.0003610656,0.00004586612],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.014779048,0.00426461,0.137016,0.0012982439,0.0021673176,0.00034336437,0.0029571047,0.00017647355,0.73145497,0.100600794,0.0039328462,0.0010092373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006114312,0.006580568,0.9467912,0.00011238553,0.0009388359,0.00025105782,0.0008919504,0.0012682475,0.035077315,0.00093001005,0.0005174688,0.00052666204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002937556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020555348,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8097752,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022096157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048643265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5560422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986672234","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004917","title":"Crossed-beam intermodulated fluorescence spectroscopy as a spatially resolved temperature diagnostic for supersonic nozzles","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Design and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Spectroscopy; Supersonic speed; Nozzle; Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy; Materials science; Beam (structure); Laser-induced fluorescence; Doppler effect; Laser; Sapphire; Spectral line; Physics","score_opus":0.006836508856529733,"score_gpt":0.22218469620527348,"score_spread":0.21534818734874375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986672234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9440635,0.00026697002,0.041121945,0.00083221646,0.0003318938,0.0026662995,0.00013396089,0.0015491379,0.009034066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97679245,0.00011622084,0.02205785,0.00028477787,0.00023854245,0.00018047506,0.00012149785,0.000052349584,0.00015583573],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892247,0.000004106101,0.00024973677,0.00028622922,0.00013569885,0.0004017834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992127,0.00019012563,0.000028631664,0.00039391153,0.00005312254,0.00012154648],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006838444,0.00024924983,0.00022129517,0.000055955446,0.00013753134,0.00014663607,0.00028378333,0.00016381897,0.000020475432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005831448,0.00024901735,0.000070720074,0.00022015703,0.00005107804,0.00006542497,0.000016506721,0.00023110499,0.00008876627],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003547824,0.000075113596,0.0000074503832,0.000036659876,0.000030170957,0.0000049078635,0.0002715894,0.0032027399,0.97867,0.01245243,0.0034943335,0.00171911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091283425,0.00016846308,0.0005906482,0.000057425885,0.000062881,0.0000071688437,0.00006450617,0.018037993,0.9733574,0.0037202183,0.0025148343,0.00050564925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000045902166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007317745,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03272894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007108931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041736243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986765488","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.001601","title":"Controlled frustration of total internal reflection by electrophoresis of pigment particles","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Color Science and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Total internal reflection; Refractive index; Reflection (computer programming); Light scattering; Reflectivity; Ray; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Diffuse reflection; Pigment; Scattering; Physics; Chemistry; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.0062509138571178015,"score_gpt":0.24678912146824275,"score_spread":0.24053820761112496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986765488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97723126,0.000011078319,0.014010573,0.00017666811,0.000011842101,0.00019677992,0.000008153981,0.000006644092,0.008346978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976836,0.0000034029674,0.0020141953,0.000009801921,0.00006578174,0.000058454996,0.000008617692,0.0000035135797,0.00015264099],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99946135,0.000005382184,0.00023025689,0.00009426198,0.00010871339,0.000100007615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996701,0.000027097412,0.00013705209,0.0001004952,0.000038151516,0.000027086855],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007161847,0.000055970555,0.00012538426,0.000021622727,0.000036294517,0.000010639212,0.000061201776,0.000016458165,0.000070746275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000014357772,0.000050815343,0.000044603268,0.00011007532,0.000038748738,0.000038455895,0.000012974256,0.000043473945,0.000007270777],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000085705426,0.00024965947,0.00047496523,0.0000021759784,0.00003475323,9.641889e-9,0.00011692699,0.0006230369,0.87031686,0.109412156,0.00048766617,0.018196078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010725108,0.00008152882,0.00034826132,0.0000031800746,0.000037329417,1.3293504e-7,0.00023529846,0.0056608557,0.9889473,0.0031870133,0.00035667868,0.00006993606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027899518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004713069,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11863041,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013563064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002393064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20721896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987034865","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.007135","title":"Laser-trapping properties of dual-component spheres","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"SPHERES; Optics; Spherical shell; Dielectric; Trapping; Optical tweezers; Materials science; Laser; Physics; Shell (structure); Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.018659409830905107,"score_gpt":0.19150206255197808,"score_spread":0.17284265272107296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987034865","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8916798,0.000101617145,0.0007836817,0.000066265675,0.000098348486,0.00021407835,0.000010600863,0.00003803591,0.10700756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954733,0.0000060059174,0.0031180733,0.000024665218,0.00016214018,0.000022460534,0.0000063244365,0.00002441579,0.0011625614],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915314,0.000007732445,0.00025789518,0.00016181686,0.00018708175,0.0002323471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953693,0.000016476126,0.000099866294,0.0002526813,0.000036981797,0.000057045825],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038669452,0.00015047335,0.00019311707,0.000029625626,0.00006153529,0.000028840444,0.000120769335,0.00003230461,0.000623153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000014168137,0.00013562427,0.00007106818,0.00010411541,0.00009493917,0.000047772795,0.00008456729,0.000112287205,0.00015359726],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032404696,0.0021700175,0.0033187936,0.00026906154,0.0006552009,0.000009487527,0.0032001913,0.0032747313,0.35954204,0.5773662,0.0038016248,0.046360284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014699677,0.00012086009,0.00023888741,0.00011877789,0.00014397192,0.000002791679,0.0047320724,0.016486099,0.9625176,0.006323152,0.00699676,0.0008490223],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017526381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.437034e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6029756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001214211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007586599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6823088},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987952828","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.000391","title":"Long-range detection and length estimation of light filaments using extra-attenuation of terawatt femtosecond laser pulses propagating in air","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Filamentation; Optics; Femtosecond; Laser; Supercontinuum; Attenuation coefficient; Attenuation; Materials science; Femtosecond pulse shaping; Self-phase modulation; Tunnel ionization; Ionization; Physics; Wavelength; Nonlinear optics","score_opus":0.012560268825575403,"score_gpt":0.25832529595875003,"score_spread":0.24576502713317463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987952828","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9684422,0.00000400196,0.029835073,0.000059777874,0.000019593228,0.0002873129,0.000017976683,0.000007687857,0.0013263786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907254,9.537417e-7,0.00908426,0.000014919275,0.000059133814,0.000048800917,0.000025182982,0.000011675143,0.000029666124],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993401,0.000010007772,0.0003246978,0.00013984309,0.000084853265,0.00010050709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956137,0.000037737063,0.00021148368,0.00012368264,0.000043527438,0.000022172733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007251914,0.00009341213,0.00013254608,0.000080346654,0.000058147503,0.000012706736,0.000044959677,0.000029792744,0.00004804915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002443549,0.00009363139,0.0000241664,0.00012947393,0.000024017432,0.00017734185,0.000021287675,0.00008223453,0.0000048528605],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056237677,0.0011495681,0.05214368,0.00023967099,0.00012806771,3.6589643e-7,0.0019594696,0.10733844,0.55146265,0.0046538985,0.000025292911,0.28084266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008338671,0.0000350596,0.024448901,0.00009978489,0.000066863126,0.0000016189321,0.0005017932,0.11078581,0.86206955,0.0008588307,0.00008994348,0.00020798852],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000052067648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003294195,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3106069,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026071168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000132509485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3818177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989233245","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.003692","title":"Sky coverage modeling for the whole sky for laser guide star multiconjugate adaptive optics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Research Council Canada; University of California; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sky; Adaptive optics; Laser guide star; Guide star; Wavefront; Optics; Wavefront sensor; Telescope; Remote sensing; Tilt (camera); Physics; Deformable mirror; Laser; Field of view; Computer science; Astronomy; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.028837232696833075,"score_gpt":0.2620352217414625,"score_spread":0.2331979890446294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989233245","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.053056583,0.00005278656,0.9334881,0.00019459841,0.00044331682,0.0017043147,0.00034324173,0.00003595851,0.0106811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8614249,0.0000049275586,0.13556293,0.00019875195,0.0012876684,0.00012278307,0.000072081035,0.00008909964,0.0012368396],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99831957,0.000012520135,0.00040508137,0.00031268215,0.00020048252,0.000749671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986192,0.00035403625,0.00018781856,0.00046339267,0.0002142643,0.00016129625],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029064203,0.00033243548,0.0003243372,0.000031979824,0.00052002416,0.00008877097,0.00024558321,0.00009498338,0.000009640147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000196733,0.00027052945,0.00024241066,0.00008130843,0.00007399751,0.00015136495,0.00015821746,0.00020979764,0.000023370414],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021533419,0.00029516284,0.00026257362,0.00003802224,0.00049969007,2.7652936e-7,0.0009584307,0.2481449,0.004597568,0.7341892,0.001106005,0.0096928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001790896,0.000054869564,0.000035299552,0.000026814489,0.00029494107,3.811936e-7,0.0013645715,0.95423883,0.007494382,0.014001825,0.020189885,0.0005073215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029884926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004064626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8083683,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006321092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006194092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997467},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989814424","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.004541","title":"Diffraction and line shape of Fourier-transform spectrometers","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ottawa; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Diffraction; Fourier transform; Spectrometer; Line (geometry); Ptychography; Fourier optics; Fresnel diffraction; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Diffraction efficiency; Physics; Materials science; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.012703608516257776,"score_gpt":0.20494813085102095,"score_spread":0.1922445223347632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989814424","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41246906,0.00017358609,0.3298399,0.00009323091,0.00019224304,0.0005393563,0.000006582983,0.00070379814,0.25598228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97584546,0.0002374148,0.023829745,0.000024567693,0.000013709543,0.00000814233,0.0000030304225,0.000012298939,0.00002561314],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997055,0.000001855051,0.00010447167,0.000050771327,0.00006526459,0.00007214788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987257,0.000010058781,0.000012349917,0.00006742814,0.0000091133215,0.000028496286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000061742816,0.000058167807,0.00007441005,0.000041163432,0.000012144342,0.000008534229,0.000019556515,0.00003771925,0.000037206642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000043210594,0.000059857393,0.000014320117,0.00006224021,0.00001414631,0.00003661209,0.0000019396316,0.000056061082,0.0000017811641],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016249738,0.000059160502,0.00006760338,0.00016005439,0.00006211934,7.6122024e-7,0.00026486604,0.0007246619,0.800506,0.1460614,0.0005641994,0.05151292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051101454,0.00006978226,0.0002990491,0.0000125276265,0.000037730602,0.0000050739422,0.000104622384,0.02194243,0.95485806,0.0040968815,0.017851034,0.00021180855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.2179528e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016637606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5633764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013424288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036366066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24409136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990301952","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.000c64","title":"Rapid multiexposure in vivo brain imaging system using vertical cavity surface emitting lasers as a light source","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","field":"Medicine","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Speckle pattern; Optics; Laser; Materials science; Speckle imaging; Scattering; Physics","score_opus":0.015085432044721793,"score_gpt":0.25760401235804575,"score_spread":0.24251858031332396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1990301952","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961316,0.00006533691,0.0005344707,0.00047135417,0.00004739802,0.0004968523,0.0000015953378,0.00011757309,0.0021338193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957844,0.0000023413759,0.0031015754,0.0007797582,0.00007478201,0.000010980545,0.000003827,0.000027514938,0.00021479676],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998788,0.000081105165,0.00031592115,0.0002663854,0.0002163772,0.00033222802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990247,0.0004335056,0.000055912045,0.00024588898,0.000057291192,0.00018273543],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026300954,0.00017162996,0.00031583465,0.000050350518,0.00008124761,0.00003583332,0.00008057824,0.00011579154,0.00015999963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024578304,0.00014045104,0.00006377377,0.00019295665,0.00007015129,0.000046864734,0.00005971124,0.00024177635,0.00008653953],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045681224,0.000087074404,0.0022701744,0.00009662287,0.000021138318,0.000023953824,0.0006407274,0.0018004304,0.98971146,0.0009392906,0.00018833183,0.0037639719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0074260547,0.00025497228,0.1092403,0.0007613867,0.0001743863,0.00016485163,0.011844358,0.61398005,0.25075844,0.00019396217,0.004117385,0.0010838617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008242873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016234145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.738953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012053783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057285324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5727427},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990969176","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.003253","title":"Multiple-step triangular-pattern phase shifting and the influence of number of steps and pitch on measurement accuracy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Neptec Design Group (Canada); University of Waterloo; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Phase (matter); Optics; Intensity (physics); Measure (data warehouse); Computer science; Algorithm; Physics","score_opus":0.036058565525188394,"score_gpt":0.29993076478606295,"score_spread":0.2638721992608746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1990969176","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8502747,0.000040716623,0.14587118,0.00011871307,0.00002990307,0.00045895795,0.0000013233266,0.00005609392,0.003148402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762714,0.000027804941,0.023499195,0.00015966082,0.000018823202,0.000013068376,2.7230962e-7,0.0000072436233,0.000002553807],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852455,0.000033373344,0.00045765107,0.00024089072,0.00052825036,0.00021528953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985842,0.0005467174,0.00021431013,0.00038914153,0.00019895016,0.00006666137],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018596371,0.0001483236,0.00026065958,0.000051512394,0.000058674716,0.000045562178,0.00039101255,0.00006268947,0.000002273276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036657325,0.00010245243,0.000041705152,0.0001560883,0.00022708102,0.00012838563,0.00019436107,0.0001595346,0.0000020019047],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010321584,0.00082904904,0.012930431,0.0003068189,0.00019062046,0.0000067431074,0.004595613,0.000042383483,0.14493898,0.5315501,0.000050642797,0.30352643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.028155588,0.0017872864,0.049350426,0.0010967486,0.00025237794,0.000020645197,0.0012598252,0.04560875,0.85561705,0.015110375,0.00039241917,0.0013485284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029898983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010628586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71067804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020822396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002014396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4177889},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991854954","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.004327","title":"Light field camera as a Fourier transform spectrometer sensor: instrument characterization and passive spectral ranging","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Ranging; Optics; Interferometry; Hyperspectral imaging; Spectrometer; Fourier transform; Tilt (camera); Fourier transform spectroscopy; Physics; Spectral imaging; Optical path length; Remote sensing; Field of view; Spectral bands; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Materials science; Computer science; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.004417379736295489,"score_gpt":0.2082327719610877,"score_spread":0.2038153922247922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991854954","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87356347,0.000006301911,0.021366829,0.0026561224,0.00004802958,0.00020475754,0.000013385002,0.000117263255,0.10202382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99424994,0.00006153137,0.0038240368,0.0005811405,0.00034491098,0.00009088376,0.00008678467,0.00003200523,0.00072879146],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898696,0.0000049306946,0.00022249777,0.000307527,0.00016519187,0.00031290922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994306,0.00006593551,0.000076849356,0.00029523208,0.000019041989,0.00011234679],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047585672,0.00019639067,0.00019618198,0.00005184124,0.00015526991,0.000079101614,0.00010837001,0.00012967408,0.00050637894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010224969,0.00019516637,0.000052354822,0.000105278195,0.000028588525,0.00006661518,0.00002471534,0.00022899419,0.00005439176],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060534752,0.00006031479,0.00008447446,0.000048729227,0.000057525525,0.0000024146268,0.0007127411,0.0000035725516,0.9268619,0.050526477,0.000055755063,0.021525592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000715832,0.000054140877,0.00010295042,0.000015992815,0.000075989505,0.000018845003,0.00020628911,0.0020936823,0.9733011,0.0021641855,0.02096967,0.00028130313],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007827025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000046958776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12068642,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049590064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019439836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79586536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991901067","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001229","title":"2 cm spatial-resolution and 2 km range Brillouin optical fiber sensor using a transient differential pulse pair","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":190,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Optics; Brillouin scattering; Fiber optic sensor; Optical fiber; Materials science; Transient (computer programming); Image resolution; Pulse (music); Physics; Detector","score_opus":0.015389820332573745,"score_gpt":0.2205018053220604,"score_spread":0.20511198498948666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991901067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86627656,0.00021373764,0.12987708,0.000029312761,0.00036523247,0.00038373374,0.000021284293,0.0002833187,0.0025497277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9325052,0.0000385161,0.066786714,0.0000266952,0.00044341985,0.000017806535,0.00002001584,0.00009775448,0.00006390317],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99845934,0.000015867625,0.00032594497,0.0002496281,0.00025773302,0.00069145975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927044,0.00010197952,0.00003638935,0.00028991036,0.000027444503,0.0002738412],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009641413,0.00031964408,0.00032411172,0.00008246962,0.0000917695,0.00003688415,0.00008057361,0.00021402896,0.00009589972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017860888,0.0003323233,0.00006702067,0.00012823293,0.00011248579,0.00012046157,0.000045127927,0.00027311553,0.00007024244],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050004036,0.0006620145,0.0017214359,0.00086368923,0.00072050584,0.000065323715,0.0074772364,0.4154516,0.46250868,0.013159695,0.00057165074,0.09629812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046248846,0.00010571915,0.017736845,0.00010266556,0.0007115072,0.00024211507,0.0006093915,0.922994,0.04048177,0.00023006742,0.009858147,0.0023028508],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010744245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038317435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50754243,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011219743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000075263097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991996508","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.007912","title":"Wind loads on ground-based telescopes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Telescope; Enclosure; Wind tunnel; Remote sensing; Wind engineering; Wind speed; Environmental science; Vibration; Optics; Computer science; Meteorology; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Acoustics; Geology; Engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.007098252035447885,"score_gpt":0.19528215076678576,"score_spread":0.18818389873133787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991996508","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54668653,0.000010887149,0.00024669615,0.0002345335,0.00006246849,0.000118605865,0.000003773183,0.000055420714,0.45258108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944979,0.000002556814,0.0035018951,0.0006426745,0.00013695241,0.000008022249,0.0000067393557,0.000013607571,0.0011896723],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992014,0.00000509961,0.00011682813,0.00021830566,0.00022434774,0.00023402898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971145,0.00004159164,0.00003151475,0.00017737431,0.0000022469067,0.000035804784],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060719016,0.00012788334,0.00011105302,0.000015273414,0.00015052398,0.00002760651,0.00012947567,0.00004419619,0.00025342338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003017112,0.00010712605,0.00003216951,0.00011660837,0.00014939586,0.000029123157,0.0000621077,0.00007818701,0.0015084808],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002838022,0.0032218068,0.061143193,0.000081359634,0.00009723111,0.00011888032,0.00061904686,0.4339578,0.107757986,0.10283528,0.2077095,0.08217411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003778212,0.00056929543,0.38319024,0.000059898517,0.000109933106,0.0000039299935,0.00040584567,0.0029171421,0.09305171,0.0122072,0.5016367,0.0020698933],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006793633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030365112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4513914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053866224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000042152715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99926895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992384593","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.000241","title":"Continuously variable, electrically addressed beam splitter based on vanadium dioxide","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Beam splitter; Optics; Materials science; Wavelength; Beam (structure); Reflection (computer programming); Light beam; Refractive index; Transmission (telecommunications); Refraction; Vanadium dioxide; Optoelectronics; Thin film; Physics; Telecommunications; Laser; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.0068644660356784746,"score_gpt":0.19518042934432284,"score_spread":0.18831596330864436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1992384593","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9353961,0.000009976963,0.033189468,0.0005359643,0.00064701244,0.0014315507,0.000060420858,0.00047899983,0.02825056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9284389,0.0000021099142,0.066015124,0.0045798365,0.00021421984,0.0002816512,0.000041726154,0.00006799548,0.00035845133],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975382,0.00007415108,0.00060137955,0.0005631965,0.0005146368,0.00070841965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984211,0.00030856836,0.00018716673,0.0006653881,0.00016181973,0.0002560054],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004830971,0.0003362031,0.00048333697,0.00014063797,0.0001271742,0.00029062823,0.00046545267,0.00020942389,0.0045164623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008284376,0.0003030385,0.00007554232,0.00032023105,0.00010540086,0.0001660069,0.000040771938,0.00016106018,0.005955457],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008203492,0.0001337039,0.000012095882,0.000028202374,0.000009498498,0.000006935024,0.000018279961,0.0010039608,0.98867285,0.007996731,0.0018689256,0.00016677805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012418868,0.00015740967,0.0016462664,0.000023783023,0.00005277466,0.000004051705,0.000009833736,0.0006209336,0.99113387,0.0022618868,0.002380421,0.0004668788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007059997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023705782,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03282566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000082763465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011095117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992528241","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.007365","title":"Integrated approach for automatic target recognition using a network of collaborative sensors","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Automatic target recognition; Computer science; Target acquisition; Artificial intelligence; Synthetic aperture radar; Position (finance); Computer vision; Wireless sensor network; Radar; Scheme (mathematics); Activity recognition; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.03438329334803801,"score_gpt":0.24428073521941301,"score_spread":0.209897441871375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1992528241","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29435274,0.00005388832,0.69906354,0.0000014648582,0.00018521959,0.00057550566,0.000062540596,0.00036518992,0.0053399247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12279573,0.0000044577346,0.8767962,0.0000061524192,0.00013308677,0.000087595385,0.00012588488,0.00004076893,0.000010107626],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991365,0.000038576196,0.0003463061,0.00013710659,0.00009594831,0.00024557815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932706,0.00023947183,0.00009877219,0.00013316458,0.00018010089,0.00002143984],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031022614,0.00016399588,0.00028040665,0.00006917504,0.00006358989,0.000019954077,0.00005642292,0.00015111038,0.0000098055925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000073487055,0.00016840178,0.00004506284,0.00055069826,0.000050516453,0.00005014634,0.000011708404,0.00012282231,0.00000262617],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020705793,0.000015949754,0.00000832387,0.00013833147,0.00004822128,4.2405486e-7,0.00010740578,0.97069836,0.026407348,0.0009908495,0.00034935816,0.0012147294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029989416,0.00002390761,0.000021308064,0.000013495452,0.00004262911,0.0000030338947,0.0005417098,0.8717022,0.118060715,0.009001685,0.00010489028,0.00018454343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003154082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.178141e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17773269,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008446125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029741344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6867225},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993467152","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001303","title":"2004 Optical Society of America's Topical Meeting on Optical Interference Coatings: manufacturing problem","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interference (communication); Optical coating; Materials science; Deposition (geology); Transmission (telecommunications); Optoelectronics; Telecommunications; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Physics; Coating","score_opus":0.008521840912433085,"score_gpt":0.20335548671361647,"score_spread":0.1948336458011834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1993467152","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80022794,0.00009523505,0.018634152,0.00015845319,0.00018035898,0.00031058918,0.000008506521,0.00036332372,0.18002144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89467585,0.000026592563,0.10483986,0.00013945243,0.00019502064,0.000020288382,0.000013193219,0.000041335727,0.000048390953],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846005,0.000006578339,0.0004937534,0.0002980884,0.00028063243,0.00046087045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926007,0.00026652837,0.000059980608,0.0002600675,0.000035547822,0.00011778629],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000097188145,0.00027200105,0.00036778097,0.000038346334,0.00005507283,0.00005593161,0.00024235832,0.00018195472,0.000032305747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014288507,0.00024916162,0.00012555171,0.00011937842,0.00018096628,0.000058194404,0.00008156467,0.0004129953,0.000042806296],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000120632205,0.0006597152,0.00048271194,0.0013955509,0.0002617566,0.000026007998,0.00069362123,0.26977885,0.49347347,0.18571416,0.006973957,0.040419582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077793654,0.00020131304,0.00066682533,0.00022842543,0.00008266181,0.000007190407,0.0005706116,0.048243362,0.9428049,0.0031545102,0.0025295557,0.00073273486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016114425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032944574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4493314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007193345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013973641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993693555","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.000836","title":"Digital in-line holographic microscopy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":640,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Holography; Digital holographic microscopy; Digital holography; Optics; Microscopy; Tracking (education); Microfluidics; Depth of field; Underwater; Computer science; Line (geometry); Computer vision; Physics; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.004283139857175515,"score_gpt":0.21897205720480228,"score_spread":0.21468891734762677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1993693555","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6341142,0.0000292673,0.0019265165,0.000016866385,0.000068478075,0.00012643216,0.00006178191,0.000038371592,0.36361805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99735564,0.0000017408825,0.0016214595,0.00004671849,0.00013917223,0.00002377733,0.00020315831,0.000020566584,0.00058776117],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991159,0.0000029299272,0.00023233419,0.0002446202,0.000071858536,0.00033234555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996531,0.000026674177,0.000057470363,0.00020428294,0.00001705349,0.000041398653],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000040347448,0.00016755989,0.00017190883,0.00011946908,0.00004532107,0.0001294429,0.00015518135,0.000052995456,0.000023639628],"category_scores_gemma":[5.593961e-7,0.00016674105,0.00008836539,0.00037564835,0.0001384176,0.00012334088,0.000050433227,0.00014551765,0.00008732403],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006431755,0.0014872693,0.21865782,0.000016433814,0.000050668456,0.000013571362,0.000051053776,0.00026234135,0.043284073,0.708957,0.0015614612,0.02559395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008465049,0.00042085242,0.093638755,0.00009023827,0.0001101334,0.000010179351,0.0010675384,0.00015459002,0.17789954,0.65450406,0.060753793,0.002885247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020241383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029283729,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3632414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000567303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014883899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6799503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994400792","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.001180","title":"Photochromic behavior of spiropyran in polymer matrices","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Spiropyran; Photochromism; Materials science; Photoexcitation; Photochemistry; Polymer; Methyl methacrylate; Irradiation; Vinyl acetate; Merocyanine; Cellulose acetate; Relaxation (psychology); Polymer chemistry; Cellulose; Polymerization; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.011431567688220418,"score_gpt":0.24149929027434017,"score_spread":0.23006772258611974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994400792","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98951954,0.00015588016,0.000054627177,0.000009183234,0.00006734409,0.00024331968,0.000013050758,0.000031863416,0.009905185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99733335,0.00005618686,0.0022985742,0.000041978627,0.000052068466,0.00007810563,0.000005795691,0.000014991776,0.00011895037],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898547,0.0000048698944,0.000321284,0.00022883774,0.00019042,0.00026913517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949974,0.000025462454,0.00010891137,0.0002857824,0.000018386421,0.00006171749],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012173736,0.00012744109,0.00021774671,0.000052568794,0.00002863901,0.000018100875,0.00030255693,0.000098852535,0.00070851523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006488528,0.00012256161,0.000034758337,0.0001834236,0.00014873987,0.000053700558,0.0000660089,0.00009251057,0.000090165086],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036022033,0.00012394655,0.0013704159,0.000022362372,0.0000014142058,0.000020049416,0.00011258448,0.000004526182,0.9974196,0.0005256954,0.000044789726,0.00031860624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043903125,0.00001381269,0.002241937,0.00001828816,0.000016246027,0.000015307052,0.00015179801,0.000051625415,0.9967585,0.00010545049,0.00004735495,0.00014059998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000097541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007875795,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009786234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042836593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045586632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77577454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994717886","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.001570","title":"Birefringent omnidirectional reflector","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Birefringence; Omnidirectional antenna; Photonic crystal; Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Reflection (computer programming); Reflector (photography); Isotropy; Fresnel equations; Physics","score_opus":0.014352661936004528,"score_gpt":0.24432397094329608,"score_spread":0.22997130900729154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994717886","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94399047,0.000019127896,0.0019081128,0.00031998218,0.00028319954,0.00011757311,0.0000050178646,0.0001743692,0.053182174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9070405,0.000003976237,0.09217201,0.00033175715,0.00019265221,0.000022721848,0.0000030531783,0.000015690157,0.00021767429],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991012,0.0000044586563,0.00018256903,0.00022755322,0.00023568838,0.00024851435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996174,0.000034558576,0.000055439963,0.00015491761,0.00004554575,0.00009214622],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015411917,0.00010678498,0.000112934016,0.00002639999,0.0001538495,0.00007925838,0.00012964917,0.000055725224,0.00019090709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040405368,0.000092928676,0.00003153502,0.00012472736,0.00006570952,0.000048750655,0.0000623024,0.00009317372,0.0010330833],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009345228,0.00004594865,0.000010886707,0.000006623249,0.0000021815288,0.0000018555548,0.00009294213,0.0004423789,0.76047134,0.23847486,0.000082970815,0.0003586768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005971208,0.00010175497,0.0003854046,0.000015505613,0.00001661691,0.000009173116,0.00007432307,0.00007384438,0.96343493,0.029475799,0.005525588,0.0002899222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014881801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008327877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20899907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006284185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004723121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995093359","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.002105","title":"Interaction matrix uncertainty in active (and adaptive) optics","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Actuator; Robustness (evolution); Adaptive optics; Control theory (sociology); Scaling; Matrix (chemical analysis); Optics; Physics; Robust control; Computer science; Mathematics; Geometry; Control (management); Materials science","score_opus":0.01285148204558417,"score_gpt":0.25907145276697746,"score_spread":0.2462199707213933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995093359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79896253,0.000025721665,0.03164099,0.0005106611,0.00017041649,0.0005181164,0.000025501005,0.000048904043,0.16809718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875127,0.000010232759,0.011944976,0.00006975252,0.00024771798,0.0000044345184,0.000023131268,0.000016708831,0.00017031452],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990707,0.000013882106,0.0002337374,0.00027517055,0.00012036284,0.00028612264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952066,0.00007715352,0.00010890251,0.00016302332,0.00004888151,0.000081356615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007215346,0.000199004,0.00022970955,0.0000830696,0.00008863884,0.000053401393,0.000072511124,0.00005935788,0.000020032727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000034845718,0.00020100732,0.000042083186,0.00013298464,0.000051700128,0.00011135556,0.000043326145,0.0002959365,0.000018526356],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017685721,0.00014228694,0.00023966684,0.0000032501778,0.00004725939,0.0000055667565,0.0007039074,0.013436286,0.0031310173,0.8860461,0.00004111421,0.096026696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0063232686,0.00083646615,0.020804456,0.00021531903,0.0002610347,0.000013556452,0.02206423,0.5239686,0.013495678,0.40548253,0.0040041963,0.0025306593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048067435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006359237,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5105323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057671652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027340431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.819684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995429634","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.000958","title":"Low-loss silicon-on-insulator shallow-ridge TE and TM waveguides formed using thermal oxidation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bell (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Silicon on insulator; Materials science; Fabrication; Optics; Silicon; Resonator; Leakage (economics); Optoelectronics; Thermal; Coupled mode theory; Refractive index; Physics","score_opus":0.011022323845166113,"score_gpt":0.2219258706909972,"score_spread":0.2109035468458311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995429634","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804913,0.00008381392,0.0009861343,0.000036858728,0.00008235167,0.00020884324,0.00000697606,0.00018700097,0.017916726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965711,0.000057669276,0.0028885277,0.00031842967,0.00010341509,0.000006939371,0.0000136988865,0.000028386681,0.000011790029],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991206,0.0000039891975,0.00022547084,0.00018631204,0.00015240925,0.00031125222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995758,0.00006174176,0.000029588655,0.00019810555,0.000020552552,0.000114242015],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008213954,0.0001969166,0.00019399256,0.000050554438,0.00007799441,0.000060500424,0.00010812826,0.00012445865,0.000013058347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012174187,0.00018256629,0.000034593326,0.00010442142,0.00004486569,0.000110976216,0.000022064205,0.00015062206,0.00003102699],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008094834,0.00013833022,0.00023931915,0.00018877529,0.00011178528,0.000027230133,0.0006935283,0.035561793,0.7788802,0.1499017,0.00003546847,0.034140907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013037595,0.00010914705,0.015676662,0.0000882328,0.00008039636,0.000014677786,0.00018983633,0.6928693,0.28517509,0.0031684295,0.00059404864,0.00073042535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001763624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020915659,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6573075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050020055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000140509665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7444837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995613701","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.000485","title":"Spectral responsivity of various types of silicon photodiode at oblique incidence: comparison of measured and calculated values","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Responsivity; Optics; Materials science; Photodiode; Diode; Silicon; Oblique case; Optoelectronics; Physics; Photodetector","score_opus":0.021745760577225482,"score_gpt":0.2599859420684053,"score_spread":0.23824018149117981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995613701","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931888,0.00023774784,0.002999188,0.0000101787045,0.000026787822,0.00022482172,0.0000070487704,0.00011628519,0.003189164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99707115,0.00013709652,0.0027311305,0.000008518493,0.000008253346,0.000005718533,0.0000060687535,0.000014290218,0.000017754906],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992369,0.000019905601,0.000334196,0.00009528887,0.00020798738,0.00010572451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995602,0.000053232638,0.000089248206,0.0001757643,0.00008150717,0.00004009159],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020609383,0.00010217631,0.00029870926,0.00008416059,0.000017047474,0.0000047082663,0.00006945161,0.00010201438,0.000017380782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037150432,0.00010512797,0.00003293655,0.00016183716,0.0000804089,0.00003289636,0.000026101718,0.00008528058,6.697414e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013946788,0.000057152236,0.0051574735,0.000102640144,0.000044731045,8.415884e-7,0.0005936047,0.0047486494,0.9861016,0.0024747453,0.00016617798,0.00041287145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027132343,0.000060935497,0.009299461,0.000030884006,0.00003666501,0.000002916102,0.0000435397,0.019641312,0.96997654,0.00043173038,0.00010480966,0.00009985719],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031549676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006529221,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01612508,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037519792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002260633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4286994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995986664","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.004671","title":"Admittance diagrams of accidental and premeditated optical inhomogeneities in coatings","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Admittance; Optical coating; Wavelength; Reflection (computer programming); Envelope (radar); Optoelectronics; Coating; Physics; Composite material; Electrical impedance","score_opus":0.014828724169123246,"score_gpt":0.220845287160148,"score_spread":0.20601656299102475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995986664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99315923,0.00010421821,0.00015373001,0.00008639676,0.00007321155,0.00019620609,0.0000065617437,0.000038048274,0.006182402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753589,0.000040611867,0.024333777,0.000099097604,0.000047359037,0.000025500694,0.0000029413138,0.000015619162,0.000076183394],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998742,0.000014240188,0.0004167058,0.00026251626,0.00026443944,0.00030013095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993572,0.00021905088,0.000121267876,0.00015408488,0.00005010429,0.00009824605],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024669192,0.00014696264,0.0002675802,0.000047337904,0.00005414371,0.00006172067,0.0001590402,0.00009216807,0.0001229098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020713947,0.00013464781,0.000023128392,0.00018184529,0.0002845849,0.000109872395,0.00012689755,0.00013377013,0.000039445105],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027580198,0.00016171162,0.007262718,0.00008083601,0.0000036992064,0.00000765939,0.0017026998,0.0000449694,0.9429205,0.04491901,0.00012954441,0.0027390923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001740304,0.00037712822,0.012446619,0.00013541171,0.000037173733,0.000021694945,0.0019164112,0.007033116,0.9717146,0.0038369382,0.00012467662,0.00061592826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013980489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038892817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041082073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018360246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009256833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54907787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996058380","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.004359","title":"Polarization averaged short-time Fourier transform technique for distributed fiber birefringence characterization using Brillouin gain","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Birefringence; Optics; Brillouin scattering; Fourier transform; Materials science; Polarization (electrochemistry); Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Short-time Fourier transform; Polarization rotator; Optical fiber; Physics; Fiber optic sensor; Fourier analysis","score_opus":0.014062597471986108,"score_gpt":0.22987023255969197,"score_spread":0.21580763508770587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996058380","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08439433,0.000015696445,0.9131538,0.000011658265,0.00012675303,0.0011200198,0.00015593026,0.00037627123,0.00064552535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.73038626,0.00001493901,0.2679765,0.000026163032,0.00023523814,0.00016152434,0.0009078858,0.00014820302,0.00014333111],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879146,0.000008429727,0.00033856646,0.00018981929,0.00016503339,0.0005067121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994673,0.000061187435,0.00004680478,0.00025219118,0.00005032794,0.00012218392],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001805178,0.00025549624,0.00023175184,0.00008933708,0.0001157953,0.000032617652,0.00011062879,0.00021826942,0.000038174807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022488559,0.00029443522,0.00005644697,0.00029440233,0.00003284317,0.00025665193,0.000016829683,0.00016071048,0.00004558588],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017697543,0.000025287625,0.000042694053,0.00006121105,0.000035313133,4.437776e-7,0.00020003534,0.046140082,0.94664556,0.0005911482,0.000008595922,0.0062319385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030484467,0.000016766024,0.0002273987,0.000028687049,0.000077987796,0.000012106956,0.000021988157,0.4872021,0.5079402,0.00014807044,0.0034946944,0.00052519067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.0958596e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.1757011e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6459919,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017313787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001222824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995077},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996512974","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.003000","title":"Analysis of the improvement in sky coverage for multiconjugate adaptive optics systems obtained using minimum variance split tomography","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Adaptive optics; Laser guide star; Computer science; Sky; Optics; Telescope; Deformable mirror; Algorithm; Guide star; Noise (video); Physics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.024917431889790977,"score_gpt":0.23244038700052036,"score_spread":0.20752295511072938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996512974","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69512564,0.000022439715,0.29727402,0.000005206856,0.00019415694,0.0011404663,0.00019371603,0.000010181135,0.0060341787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96745044,0.000002505146,0.03229606,0.000023343307,0.000076405166,0.000039730694,0.000021904913,0.000032153483,0.00005744422],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984481,0.000025555726,0.0005823284,0.00035353118,0.00019592597,0.0003945683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99870086,0.00013027742,0.0004474052,0.000482523,0.00017086591,0.00006806086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002570483,0.00026237164,0.0005355365,0.00018217387,0.0001274467,0.000036745845,0.00024094,0.00007448691,0.000007204495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000056535173,0.00022022086,0.00028186166,0.0006779071,0.000114204944,0.000060446273,0.00011828663,0.00015000273,8.0707434e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029025134,0.000633997,0.012979191,0.000066911714,0.0032890663,0.0000021176486,0.0024365005,0.0973114,0.023553725,0.8577548,0.0000046184173,0.0016774188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015298822,0.000119584074,0.0052179606,0.00006692336,0.0017279354,1.7400207e-7,0.0028711644,0.97394943,0.008793586,0.0052348883,0.000028834613,0.00045964724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040457916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017102484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.876638,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005185892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053043335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89803463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996554130","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.000f10","title":"Single laser source for multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Microscopy; Optics; Raman scattering; Laser; Microscope; Materials science; Optical microscope; Raman spectroscopy; Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy; Physics; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.009989562391968408,"score_gpt":0.30005600178717445,"score_spread":0.29006643939520604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996554130","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674792,0.000026234266,0.029025024,0.0001873043,0.00014411267,0.00037308934,0.000023215774,0.000053374886,0.0026884081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92763734,0.000027223921,0.070591964,0.00034127143,0.0004457804,0.00013394187,0.00015994195,0.000040703806,0.00062184397],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988763,0.0000052045175,0.0001821583,0.00036063022,0.00016183442,0.00041388586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993499,0.000032083713,0.000046243335,0.00035871522,0.000058258523,0.00015480052],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013379494,0.00016511416,0.00014834227,0.000028269553,0.00009740086,0.000047117617,0.00033139967,0.00027804656,0.00005018174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000689254,0.0001507931,0.000078492994,0.000059977454,0.00029901497,0.0000017741986,0.00020682617,0.00024030199,0.00001418532],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006910751,0.00015123477,0.00014934457,0.00003073985,0.00001943375,4.7515402e-7,0.00000951501,0.0000023354285,0.9928124,0.0002041965,0.0036047169,0.0029464962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042371135,0.00013416317,0.000033915057,0.0000054759594,0.000008856666,0.000003329073,0.000015000192,0.00016314854,0.8844201,0.00022420651,0.114393204,0.00017486337],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000036532704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042949823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11078849,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013320063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030172623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61491644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997233402","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.005997","title":"Analysis of normalized point source sensitivity as a performance metric for large telescopes","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Zernike polynomials; Optics; Telescope; Metric (unit); Physics; Optical telescope; Wavefront; Sensitivity (control systems); Point source; Performance metric; Adaptive optics","score_opus":0.008450556666661736,"score_gpt":0.23860120736285317,"score_spread":0.23015065069619145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997233402","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5985967,0.0000102849435,0.3890104,0.000028991231,0.000018484685,0.00023278568,0.0000452778,0.000016217198,0.01204089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742904,0.000004072409,0.025224343,0.00008227717,0.00008616488,0.0000046390965,0.00008805616,0.000015060268,0.00020504138],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989608,0.0000140340735,0.0002940973,0.00023511279,0.00016701313,0.00032897553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919164,0.0001404364,0.00020627241,0.00025382935,0.0001359319,0.00007188896],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031957886,0.00017811493,0.00046845968,0.00024011603,0.00013833797,0.000028393008,0.000073406816,0.000044992987,0.000025406573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009910126,0.00017019598,0.00022049711,0.00071932946,0.000026962456,0.00006222261,0.000037525304,0.0001006312,0.0000083624645],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00057893933,0.0014026705,0.012845351,0.00006208716,0.004238681,0.000003544136,0.0019154473,0.06520821,0.029136006,0.6952106,0.00017100635,0.18922749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038046737,0.0004782842,0.023894299,0.000037351005,0.004353473,0.0000016121594,0.0020762647,0.88088614,0.07439032,0.003807677,0.005149407,0.001120519],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023606188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028518348,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8156779,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001801289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030075202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6940391},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997331874","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.004294","title":"Interest of broadband optical monitoring for thin-film filter manufacturing","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Paul University","funders":"","keywords":"Transmittance; Optics; Broadband; Materials science; Refractive index; Filter (signal processing); Optical filter; Detector; Spectrometer; Optical coating; Thin film; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.02106445549130692,"score_gpt":0.24673829309048256,"score_spread":0.22567383759917564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997331874","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8925677,0.000100819525,0.06163084,0.000009236204,0.00040635272,0.00023262923,0.000007734371,0.00014101142,0.044903684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9684888,0.000031301694,0.03115602,0.000017063556,0.00020007884,0.000014956076,0.0000050153035,0.000037440008,0.000049303413],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906045,0.0000013261645,0.0003097912,0.00014770811,0.00011790508,0.0003628085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993861,0.0002474324,0.000037614802,0.00019775414,0.00002221264,0.000108931396],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018278518,0.0001592862,0.00021603616,0.000056003115,0.000034531084,0.000024600291,0.000177547,0.00012599277,0.000011571995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001707564,0.00015017003,0.000066266475,0.0000505387,0.00005050236,0.000053874614,0.000047029276,0.00018066514,0.000017021493],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00052159646,0.00033798395,0.0006048967,0.0029634289,0.0007561751,0.000046550005,0.002100959,0.10316332,0.35753545,0.45166337,0.00045541584,0.07985085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046150308,0.000035958255,0.001231471,0.000050145,0.00003872085,0.000004259733,0.00022047736,0.018711388,0.9760937,0.0010379975,0.0018882513,0.00022612461],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000011034382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032105718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6185582,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036634163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059989684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6123756},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997849783","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.001425","title":"Passive remote monitoring of chemical vapors by differential Fourier-transform infrared radiometry: results at a range of 15 km","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Radiometry; Optics; Remote sensing; Infrared; Atmospheric sounding; Interferometry; Fourier transform; Radiance; Plume; Materials science; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Environmental science; Physics; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.008336678586342702,"score_gpt":0.23893138170888326,"score_spread":0.23059470312254055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997849783","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9781894,0.00008043063,0.002522114,0.00010926448,0.000053927015,0.00020428229,0.00043945978,0.0000702698,0.018330866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99054134,0.00008446898,0.00866159,0.000006921821,0.00016667879,0.000030584266,0.00021074453,0.000037341055,0.0002603356],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842894,0.0000031973632,0.00056332804,0.0003231361,0.00036585398,0.00031553867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988884,0.00010227194,0.00026513447,0.00054584804,0.000062691215,0.00013570095],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005205673,0.00022389296,0.00037488487,0.00006495952,0.000063206186,0.0000114515615,0.00030905454,0.00025649846,0.00007112799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003412015,0.00023261248,0.000120247365,0.00032688884,0.00016921591,0.000034349057,0.000069806985,0.00025298086,0.0000071418335],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049829046,0.00020579895,0.00008221351,0.00014194309,0.00011838532,0.0000021085832,0.00066868763,0.00005305887,0.99509776,0.0010517858,0.00032211986,0.0017578347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003055696,0.000026026644,0.00006654937,0.000050384067,0.00011061154,0.0000032612968,0.00016755519,0.0001566928,0.9936503,0.0019304935,0.000573135,0.00020929333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040216935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015066826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018070532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019370933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053514414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94856614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997995599","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.002940","title":"Multitaper scan-free spectrum estimation using a rotational shear interferometer","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Speech and Audio Processing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Multitaper; Interferometry; Optics; Estimator; Spectral line; Interpolation (computer graphics); Physics; Algorithm; Computer science; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.012842321536709616,"score_gpt":0.23290365999755228,"score_spread":0.22006133846084266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997995599","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12961695,0.000021670001,0.86385727,0.00041558957,0.00012061599,0.00010132893,0.0000014445218,0.0001149578,0.0057501886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.47622746,3.9344772e-7,0.52351886,0.00012258944,0.00007851227,0.0000045207453,0.0000039062866,0.0000071569016,0.000036595287],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903476,0.0000064884784,0.00020264513,0.00025638886,0.00025524222,0.00024450212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947107,0.000042096668,0.000078044155,0.00032865317,0.000036754805,0.000043401305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010622584,0.00012038621,0.00010571822,0.000105491636,0.00013109161,0.00026153913,0.000443271,0.0000496685,0.000015176483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016644708,0.000118558426,0.00003243039,0.0002793242,0.000038125778,0.00034432922,0.000167451,0.000098022705,0.00006303567],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054381137,0.00053667894,0.0011215457,0.0001337795,0.00008286746,0.000048466587,0.0012601577,0.21257153,0.22243321,0.42118758,0.002061618,0.13850819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069732463,0.00003193302,0.0019531506,0.000029341205,0.00001291747,0.000031959575,0.0000196297,0.7303585,0.15601675,0.11041785,0.000113426184,0.00031720678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001667989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006101182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.517787,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000071997805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057255675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48346722},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998009579","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.00c231","title":"2007 Topical Meeting on Optical Interference Coatings: Manufacturing Problem","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Daylight; White light; Materials science; Coating; Interference (communication); Optical coating; Light source; Transmission (telecommunications); Optoelectronics; Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.02505628535137978,"score_gpt":0.2158328848736703,"score_spread":0.19077659952229054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998009579","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.691626,0.00003691654,0.010398426,0.000038671704,0.00030384623,0.00023561898,0.000001458294,0.00037572224,0.2969833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.962414,0.000044078537,0.037138306,0.00009807668,0.00015821813,0.00003275864,0.0000031373322,0.000042015956,0.00006935554],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986831,0.000007293151,0.00030671468,0.0002444189,0.00031286784,0.00044559527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994409,0.00012352725,0.00002559378,0.00023120838,0.000026774456,0.00015197147],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011972505,0.00022815415,0.00023391678,0.00004080113,0.000111762274,0.000035035708,0.00019379352,0.00013072851,0.000046823385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003223316,0.00021371337,0.000046442783,0.000070029426,0.00006423268,0.000048988615,0.00005919785,0.00037502655,0.00024062615],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043161528,0.0011703225,0.004752801,0.0012925877,0.00053770543,0.00044557158,0.0037850835,0.55170465,0.10203226,0.17597719,0.0055533377,0.15231685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026104755,0.00042580525,0.007286235,0.0005446503,0.000095720134,0.00006642973,0.0005638149,0.03601537,0.93958974,0.0028808406,0.0077265827,0.0021943315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001744232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001474521,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8375575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007762554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010846372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8714978},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998339139","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.004491","title":"Stokes polarimetry in multiply scattering chiral media: effects of experimental geometry","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research","funders":"","keywords":"Polarimeter; Polarimetry; Optics; Stokes parameters; Polarization (electrochemistry); Scattering; Physics; Monte Carlo method; Linear polarization; Light scattering; Circular polarization; Plane (geometry); Geometry; Mathematics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.005042457981024401,"score_gpt":0.21163797169971496,"score_spread":0.20659551371869056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998339139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768951,0.00061511644,0.013987322,0.00000464198,0.00044128485,0.00017588757,0.0000030871786,0.00014157027,0.0077359765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845927,0.000018781322,0.015165877,0.00005604957,0.000099583194,0.000002544245,0.000010138216,0.00004355086,0.000010814876],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989264,0.0000052518726,0.0003458304,0.00014944204,0.00020900113,0.0003640573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942905,0.00022590507,0.00003119108,0.00018288757,0.000012421854,0.00011857548],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001710537,0.00017349402,0.00024247011,0.00040753692,0.000024977986,0.000015245616,0.00014568608,0.00015862596,0.000013451026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045016568,0.00019108845,0.000043371132,0.0006128578,0.00007014757,0.00007475733,0.00005607351,0.00026137795,0.000042187905],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000443626,0.0003723045,0.016344247,0.00045064726,0.000072333074,0.000027461288,0.0011193454,0.00537756,0.95603263,0.012231362,0.00004224261,0.007885493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010752877,0.00003330694,0.046788983,0.00003743607,0.000013175332,0.0000024074284,0.00036427955,0.0037107968,0.94751626,0.00009611795,0.000060331222,0.00030160946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000054638367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002106643,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030444738,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007092084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006190853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7792361},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998426875","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.004888","title":"Hot-air optical turbulence generator for the testing of adaptive optics systems: principles and characterization","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptive optics; Turbulence; Optics; Strehl ratio; Physics; Mechanics","score_opus":0.02475490139216432,"score_gpt":0.2177484776598031,"score_spread":0.19299357626763877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998426875","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49115446,0.00006534617,0.5031543,0.000046208857,0.00012724001,0.0007741934,0.000121447345,0.000024052923,0.0045327833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9248846,0.0000042192155,0.07427766,0.000014855602,0.0005678376,0.00004038001,0.000055928787,0.000030261855,0.00012426653],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989732,0.000010639393,0.00036236286,0.00024590857,0.00015160306,0.00025626874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886817,0.00040562876,0.00025492112,0.00020685553,0.00021585524,0.000048587735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016937824,0.00019089843,0.00024606782,0.000029601448,0.0002210359,0.00006368853,0.000109213564,0.000056051336,0.000001076323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012982466,0.0001491073,0.00004232496,0.000109743174,0.00015018864,0.00005822125,0.00007661689,0.00010864407,0.0000013911961],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003345472,0.00006598503,0.0008535852,0.000032215165,0.000063490465,4.4847212e-7,0.000077733814,0.018453956,0.032832112,0.94537127,0.0000096923095,0.0022060678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007649036,0.00013835049,0.008169483,0.00008441761,0.00022277162,0.0000029607115,0.000994315,0.96566045,0.019925108,0.0027692732,0.00081898546,0.00044897746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028656495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.121223e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9472065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016326674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047609374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60804194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998502708","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.001761","title":"Bandwidth optimization of optical data links by use of error-control codes","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Error detection and correction; Bandwidth (computing); Bit error rate; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Electronic engineering; Forward error correction; Multiplexing; Algorithm; Optics; Wavelength; Telecommunications; Decoding methods; Physics","score_opus":0.027755846445646236,"score_gpt":0.2334202652097076,"score_spread":0.20566441876406136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998502708","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87415403,0.00068210345,0.10486058,0.0000886232,0.0002134536,0.00062814186,0.0010954762,0.00028849466,0.017989088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9448325,0.00033459585,0.054351818,0.00007131069,0.00004220156,0.0000055537344,0.0002723773,0.000037338177,0.000052283012],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990087,0.000007676013,0.0003914395,0.00019706762,0.00018653582,0.00020857499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906343,0.00020293413,0.000042694748,0.00056170276,0.00004111546,0.000088126864],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000098013676,0.0001565183,0.000319644,0.000036095968,0.00001958034,0.000026615664,0.00031098444,0.0002172165,0.00026685608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028556202,0.00014895874,0.00003350547,0.00014360515,0.00010318061,0.00017519314,0.000033572007,0.00019444327,0.000012742837],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005176163,0.00008773571,0.00011562546,0.00009973263,0.00011263196,0.000001174476,0.000052251013,0.97189564,0.019188708,0.002607868,0.0017218374,0.0040650205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072340475,0.000035764915,0.00008234798,0.000024791056,0.00012080593,0.0000011571727,0.00002948281,0.9790625,0.017194381,0.00005656721,0.0024559363,0.00021285516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009037666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002215187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07067849,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011662166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012031108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6074362},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998552585","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.006910","title":"Imaging properties of three refractive axicons","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Algonquin College; Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Axicon; Optics; Point spread function; Depth of field; Fresnel diffraction; Materials science; Physics; Laser; Laser beams; Diffraction","score_opus":0.013675433959509141,"score_gpt":0.187825483674228,"score_spread":0.17415004971471884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998552585","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45339772,0.0007582654,0.35061565,0.00012165242,0.00032627588,0.0016189303,0.00000623444,0.0008262228,0.19232906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764725,0.000009216675,0.023279384,0.000018396402,0.000042094754,0.00010232032,8.9373e-7,0.00003995797,0.000035251807],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992918,0.000003977236,0.0002305672,0.000117562464,0.0001284615,0.00022766109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995586,0.000046075053,0.000035378926,0.00024032427,0.000058360052,0.000061247185],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047068315,0.00013168115,0.00018975156,0.00003703329,0.000026794409,0.000020758354,0.00012719391,0.00004613116,0.000032723885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018776287,0.000114626346,0.000027946315,0.000103102764,0.0000727948,0.0001313974,0.000032243606,0.00012701465,0.0002581537],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009386214,0.000041164654,0.00031577144,0.0002391092,0.00009126538,0.0000024998335,0.0003554602,0.02955116,0.90203685,0.050534625,0.0003290952,0.016493615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010086881,0.000048219692,0.002491023,0.00021065035,0.000087890934,0.000016467095,0.0014331093,0.26295096,0.7058234,0.02382089,0.0010174335,0.0010912839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008942442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017807882,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52307475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045098135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008493959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46743268},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998782541","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000126","title":"Self-characterization of linear and nonlinear adaptive optics systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Deformable mirror; Optics; Nonlinear system; Adaptive optics; Wavefront; Tilt (camera); Wavefront sensor; Transfer function; Physics; Linear system; Nonlinear optics; Control theory (sociology); Optical transfer function; Instrumentation (computer programming); Computer science; Laser; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.014297160911668085,"score_gpt":0.20961997749782285,"score_spread":0.19532281658615477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998782541","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89519423,0.000018703275,0.09183516,0.000012717031,0.00012418884,0.000342349,0.000078100915,0.00003775436,0.012356788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9269664,0.000039536397,0.07246411,0.000009071734,0.00025533538,0.0000049866103,0.00007864836,0.000030861112,0.00015101473],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909836,0.000012555844,0.00031552688,0.00021333329,0.0001613537,0.00019889468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993176,0.000051230843,0.00021282233,0.00019000786,0.00014597618,0.00008235551],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000072922456,0.00017652239,0.00029026993,0.00004902916,0.00015322934,0.000016085653,0.000069219284,0.000062349645,0.000004202869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021100388,0.00017530318,0.000039779654,0.0001075969,0.000099930905,0.00006611413,0.0000657281,0.00013088272,0.000011059755],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011298746,0.0006078856,0.006762359,0.00013569678,0.0005155469,0.000011823353,0.0031492885,0.0031378337,0.056603014,0.9273597,0.000025691954,0.0015781568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020499413,0.00030777263,0.003265449,0.00009025572,0.00027103687,0.000023228635,0.0023735364,0.9647272,0.022756476,0.0011913253,0.0019378354,0.0010059065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017557057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4430593e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9615894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001223894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004723854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7148657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998946617","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.004205","title":"Kramers-Kronig-constrained variational dielectric fitting and the reflectance of a thin film on a substrate","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Theoretical and Computational Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Thin film; Materials science; Substrate (aquarium); Optics; Dielectric; Kramers–Kronig relations; Reflectivity; Refractive index; Conductivity; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Physics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.007208761735169453,"score_gpt":0.207868044204497,"score_spread":0.20065928246932754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998946617","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8320382,0.000019263105,0.037034273,0.00033973364,0.00003094617,0.00022523873,0.000023111394,0.000019101482,0.13027011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970747,0.0000025657596,0.0025878856,0.00010884178,0.00010544421,0.000016218342,0.00001237704,0.0000071444388,0.00008480739],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942166,0.000019256051,0.00016584361,0.0001263277,0.00013968722,0.00012724721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926996,0.00048057133,0.00009261859,0.00008989036,0.000038262944,0.000028677925],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009132073,0.00009279304,0.00013676737,0.000015540612,0.00013482354,0.000012600367,0.00008335375,0.000019162017,0.000027585833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000067310807,0.00006652323,0.000042798143,0.00013724137,0.00026521663,0.00001997032,0.000019923971,0.00014174813,0.000007285346],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008329103,0.000052647316,0.000060129907,0.0000038047979,0.000039839346,3.5127147e-7,0.00035079848,0.00654684,0.00023226788,0.9916194,0.000012426956,0.0009981939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014024203,0.000045938326,0.000961217,0.0000074122777,0.000025138233,0.0000017691825,0.00013926104,0.10637297,0.0013585356,0.8895387,0.000018910749,0.00012770864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000040772193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.3174755e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1650365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000049252717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005058816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27127388},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999687967","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.006504","title":"Composite quarter-wave systems with adjustable parameters","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Waveplate; Optics; Quarter (Canadian coin); Composite number; Materials science; Orientation (vector space); Acoustics; Physics; Laser; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.00777593240831291,"score_gpt":0.17485348484165208,"score_spread":0.1670775524333392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999687967","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7245508,0.00007318058,0.13480927,0.000051474002,0.0011253242,0.00045804738,0.000017599068,0.0008440037,0.13807032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9740809,0.0000083585155,0.025611985,0.000051613282,0.000069167254,0.00001533499,0.000017845923,0.000039053477,0.00010570323],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993138,0.0000032500923,0.00015583675,0.00012609706,0.00014404206,0.00025700888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995224,0.000046061414,0.000019515319,0.00025136952,0.000026901036,0.00013376954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005527619,0.00014022348,0.00015715907,0.00006466912,0.000050084847,0.000096329655,0.00008386672,0.00010977111,0.0000135443015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000031106717,0.00012396727,0.000018702474,0.00021438576,0.000048812413,0.00005805584,0.000011917584,0.00030884868,0.00019494147],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006549673,0.0002221919,0.0012907084,0.0006108933,0.00035151278,0.000037381516,0.0006425792,0.5386252,0.19202928,0.25840414,0.004859096,0.0028615454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017983208,0.00015904136,0.0013421377,0.000047021203,0.0001561257,0.00007142285,0.00089500204,0.9580583,0.023988523,0.0004186163,0.011771252,0.00129425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000043482914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035608923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41943312,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014835912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007424418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50552386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000179235","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.006138","title":"Spectrochemical microanalysis of aluminum alloys by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: identification of precipitates","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Microanalysis; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Materials science; Aluminium; Spectroscopy; Optics; Laser; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Metallurgy; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.005640539957670717,"score_gpt":0.20540431006591445,"score_spread":0.19976377010824373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000179235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98473245,0.00006742308,0.002763173,0.00002185272,0.00017238005,0.00023913331,0.00007497609,0.000111200316,0.011817435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922145,0.00012384952,0.00730362,0.000010906684,0.000051300878,0.000023553039,0.000112506685,0.000054186425,0.00010556018],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982667,0.000025218096,0.00072201993,0.00030800945,0.00029045274,0.00038761122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989916,0.00012711903,0.00019292548,0.00051080214,0.00007043114,0.000107122294],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024796333,0.0002824843,0.00048185073,0.00012611685,0.000041722535,0.00002607034,0.0002734762,0.00020663453,0.00010779192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042178388,0.00030434038,0.00013313454,0.00046577238,0.0000735357,0.0000752775,0.000021521884,0.0002596828,0.000048489386],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019117593,0.00012453824,0.000095712654,0.00008662951,0.00020501215,6.3462755e-7,0.0001784226,0.00082978467,0.9942001,0.00306838,0.0011071564,0.00008451717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038077106,0.000046544355,0.000064607644,0.000011423582,0.00017478941,0.000003779486,0.0001317845,0.0020781003,0.99548495,0.0010106816,0.00034174204,0.0002708258],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009449571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008981471,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011711875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008629406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003596684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999409},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000207432","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000891","title":"Infrared species tomography of a transient flow field using Kalman filtering","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Kalman filter; Smoothness; Optics; Tomography; Noise (video); Computer science; Fast Kalman filter; Extended Kalman filter; Physics; Algorithm; Mathematics; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.016092431878151247,"score_gpt":0.18392503855364525,"score_spread":0.16783260667549402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000207432","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74537635,0.000008858905,0.12683609,0.000004757428,0.00005516775,0.00014126682,0.0000023679643,0.000025216192,0.12754995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7388581,0.0000208351,0.26076087,0.000091987415,0.000011620067,0.0000047856843,0.0000012510251,0.000013927077,0.00023664316],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999192,0.0000057691664,0.0002089071,0.0001900564,0.00018421977,0.00021903655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964786,0.000014568606,0.00006800039,0.00019755878,0.0000015294847,0.000070512266],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000053069383,0.00013504006,0.00014561537,0.000008323285,0.000058185302,0.000005804453,0.0001847131,0.00006926491,0.0010744133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021296398,0.00013335892,0.0000670893,0.00015320047,0.00019405303,0.00006476358,0.00013236498,0.00008611711,0.000018876535],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039887207,0.0012139167,0.11281885,0.00013598565,0.00022965283,0.000053786356,0.023425864,0.44000998,0.37257254,0.008041973,0.0004352471,0.040663306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030251422,0.0011653741,0.45028076,0.000116237876,0.00044241824,0.000050724673,0.007999492,0.27198002,0.23816934,0.016298141,0.007618862,0.0028534885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000523365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006022333,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3374619,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004370425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000024828587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983877},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000302525","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.006696","title":"Passive Standoff Detection of Bacillus Subtilis Aerosol by Fourier-Transform Infrared Radiometry","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Remote sensing; Radiometry; Optics; Environmental science; Interferometry; Infrared; Depth sounding; Liquid water path; Physics; Atmospheric optics; Geology; Radiative transfer","score_opus":0.005305481603560712,"score_gpt":0.1878411078315655,"score_spread":0.1825356262280048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000302525","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7801992,0.00017585598,0.01898229,0.00008756787,0.00022334939,0.0005413538,0.00006671122,0.00006786429,0.1996558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963317,0.00011576951,0.0025990447,0.000063039755,0.000019499535,0.000027575745,0.000005062865,0.000015796197,0.00082252716],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989549,0.000013156003,0.00022966502,0.00022072192,0.0003112337,0.00027033864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958533,0.000053081603,0.00007860561,0.00019360345,0.000009800426,0.000079589976],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011337881,0.0001543343,0.0002017896,0.000030797193,0.00014312177,0.000013707221,0.00011441935,0.00008734507,0.00023964285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029397235,0.0001396926,0.000056125362,0.00036864838,0.00021516363,0.000081354825,0.0000372995,0.000114968985,0.000060034105],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020264834,0.0005815634,0.003172836,0.000108598666,0.00025021905,0.000010971277,0.0033041695,0.0010830914,0.7906683,0.0024699452,0.0154812075,0.18266647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015863293,0.00018497842,0.00086374214,0.000008923516,0.000059985174,0.000004701587,0.0010744404,0.0002923515,0.9491729,0.0018243671,0.0445019,0.0004253396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015111949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015421647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21613248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009893217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000799949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5696499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000349767","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.001968","title":"Multiaxis electric field sensing using slab coupled optical sensors","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Temple de la renommée médicale canadienne","keywords":"Electric field; Optics; Slab; Calibration; Sensitivity (control systems); Materials science; Field (mathematics); Physics; Electronic engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.010808536179592152,"score_gpt":0.19910240768267046,"score_spread":0.1882938715030783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000349767","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.869205,0.000085267144,0.0989231,0.00023153804,0.00010897095,0.0005591533,0.000001065248,0.00043482587,0.030451084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9323507,0.00004018694,0.06706359,0.00019132915,0.00016525046,0.000021230353,0.0000034916523,0.00005256175,0.00011165746],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988501,0.000005261192,0.0002991707,0.00021942875,0.00016359883,0.00046240925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992604,0.00016340226,0.000023640978,0.00033071358,0.000060475268,0.00016134778],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000058974925,0.00020930172,0.000216667,0.00005859442,0.00011702909,0.00009314114,0.00012754132,0.00016242382,0.00021437218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034754346,0.00019858623,0.000052287367,0.00025985547,0.000029764484,0.00006174454,0.000047419464,0.000306649,0.000423285],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009003198,0.00004539765,0.000010545836,0.00008559792,0.00006063248,0.0000046336254,0.00011900129,0.1100415,0.8424,0.0173864,0.00088335417,0.028953923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019152714,0.000022303702,0.00003630681,0.0000064696424,0.000031208714,0.000008396584,0.0000696301,0.9581312,0.039892577,0.00043416195,0.00090409553,0.00027210312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054552354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016148168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8480897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000545462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013152381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8098112},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000503017","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.0cosi1","title":"Computational optical sensing and imaging: introduction to the feature issue","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Computer science; Feature (linguistics); Mahalanobis distance; Information retrieval; Optics; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.005241598979349144,"score_gpt":0.19625246050675313,"score_spread":0.19101086152740399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000503017","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08779502,0.00025053756,0.8540709,0.0323612,0.0010802195,0.00044594728,0.0000075576227,0.0005779969,0.023410615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9141056,0.000021506197,0.08371646,0.0008054021,0.0011068264,0.0000016323617,0.000017481272,0.000024083487,0.00020099961],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951005,0.000003833063,0.00009182155,0.00012215659,0.00012754799,0.00014456965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997214,0.000044299246,0.000007117659,0.00011062921,0.000031700867,0.000084822845],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055087738,0.00009021512,0.000080827056,0.000048468766,0.00012826434,0.00003766974,0.00004592752,0.000043136763,0.000008688277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023092527,0.00007524056,0.000012454992,0.00021408926,0.00006121581,0.000033849137,0.000026942631,0.00017388449,0.0001532711],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015467109,0.000027766373,0.00016135888,0.000037145834,0.00004257274,0.000009822708,0.0009367507,0.80275565,0.003955735,0.048768584,0.114312075,0.028977051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033359922,0.000015956257,0.0035421296,0.0000051834218,0.000028142636,0.00019441306,0.00023811878,0.8466231,0.0019372813,0.0010558403,0.14568892,0.00033729785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.202849e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.9371074e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8263106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019618587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059532745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3068221},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000555853","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.002297","title":"Model-based far-field alignment algorithm for Gaussian beamlike single-mode optical devices","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Exfo Electro-Optical Engineering (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Single-mode optical fiber; Gaussian beam; Gaussian; Optical power; Coupling (piping); Residual; Computer science; Optical fiber; Optical tweezers; Near and far field; Physics; Beam (structure); Algorithm; Laser; Materials science","score_opus":0.014880007114039548,"score_gpt":0.24908343019851734,"score_spread":0.23420342308447778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000555853","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00912678,0.00011684088,0.9264081,0.0000951856,0.00021560426,0.0004544828,0.000025615811,0.00032148825,0.0632359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6300684,0.00001232721,0.3688602,0.0007544606,0.00012141496,0.00006072847,0.00003077274,0.000055425287,0.000036292025],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982572,0.000002766153,0.00041572645,0.000313215,0.00028982823,0.00072123954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897337,0.00033571623,0.000039345225,0.00032673083,0.000041744177,0.00028308018],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002359613,0.0003051237,0.00030871137,0.00008124279,0.000094458475,0.000068540634,0.00027356215,0.00026136354,0.00001445307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000139713375,0.0002984037,0.000109860084,0.0001401735,0.00005888071,0.00006634282,0.00003981324,0.0002161397,0.00003357472],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015258834,0.00062234065,0.000024043367,0.0005073937,0.0003097242,0.000031641255,0.00040798518,0.35171664,0.04127343,0.26967716,0.0007699936,0.33450708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060263416,0.000090641195,0.00001582769,0.000019950223,0.000072429204,0.0000016996464,0.00009413961,0.8910737,0.1014177,0.0014682855,0.004762813,0.00038019425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000301365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000033247317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62094164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001205334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033620854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000932996","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.001873","title":"Sensitive acoustic vibration sensor using single-mode fiber tapers","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Acoustics; Optics; Fiber optic sensor; Vibration; Acoustic wave; Optical fiber; Fiber; Interferometry; Single-mode optical fiber; Distributed acoustic sensing; Physics","score_opus":0.026956934412115358,"score_gpt":0.22391894770517012,"score_spread":0.19696201329305477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000932996","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6158897,0.000015423293,0.3191789,0.000006009314,0.00033299567,0.0003617357,0.000015877726,0.00066655845,0.063532755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7328892,0.000006088428,0.2667387,0.00005928574,0.00010736405,0.0000059632544,0.0000108750055,0.00008981149,0.00009270397],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894816,0.000008756692,0.0002522451,0.00024224864,0.00016687103,0.00038174583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994176,0.00008070853,0.000049216265,0.00029417413,0.0000547078,0.000103588536],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000042760617,0.00025494184,0.00021486502,0.0000841108,0.00007136994,0.000022671631,0.00008099381,0.00015830304,0.00006108231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019496532,0.00028674805,0.000045630466,0.00018713776,0.000074792064,0.000120835815,0.000028835499,0.0002045654,0.00021514212],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016026985,0.000021848493,0.0000025271381,0.000022903421,0.000048747348,0.000015348622,0.0013432022,0.6487123,0.34808514,0.0006758762,0.000020548163,0.001035579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005219857,0.000042488755,0.000114635455,0.00003076511,0.00015831724,0.000046379697,0.0016529645,0.64277405,0.35327896,0.00044155694,0.00017715934,0.00076076266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005199912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038820062,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.116999455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001469437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012415692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000964008","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.002717","title":"Anomalous celestial polarization caused by forest fire smoke: why do some insects become visually disoriented under smoky skies?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sky; Polarization (electrochemistry); Skylight; Environmental science; Degree of polarization; Remote sensing; Smoke; Polarimetry; Physics; Astronomy; Meteorology; Geography; Optics; Ecology; Biology; Scattering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.005961865384202133,"score_gpt":0.21528382090919848,"score_spread":0.20932195552499636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000964008","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871277,0.000053234988,0.008802057,0.0001042088,0.0004745472,0.0008557436,0.000033765442,0.00020358872,0.002345127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980693,0.000010761729,0.00049415836,0.00077014806,0.00015527887,0.000035397312,0.00019992319,0.00008858999,0.00017646894],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99740726,0.000041736603,0.00049587834,0.0006074697,0.0006798007,0.0007678677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987556,0.00020328959,0.00023286488,0.0005144294,0.0000176127,0.0002762232],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047689927,0.00037406728,0.00031748405,0.000056078214,0.0002798051,0.00012269904,0.00040018224,0.00030313496,0.00014442521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051417257,0.00038392487,0.00006483978,0.0005342589,0.00020322086,0.00031365684,0.00023716954,0.00028961466,0.00032253776],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038730045,0.0020180147,0.7512481,0.00023684959,0.00022639254,0.0001382099,0.0020784212,0.005427485,0.1882261,0.028017182,0.009284358,0.0127115855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00420969,0.0007449012,0.94841444,0.000060299084,0.00014625533,0.00002585165,0.00037881074,0.020701468,0.01308803,0.0025926537,0.007660307,0.0019772686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010750992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00086378737,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19716637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045166773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001233248","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000c41","title":"Active metameric security devices using an electrochromic material","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Electrochromism; Computer science; Colored; Optics; Fabrication; Flexibility (engineering); Optoelectronics; Materials science; Physics; Electrode","score_opus":0.013272610099842994,"score_gpt":0.2599331174221368,"score_spread":0.24666050732229383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001233248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99655426,0.0000040193595,0.0007699549,0.000017110415,0.0012607211,0.0003279545,0.000113045724,0.0002230736,0.0007298875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95390373,0.0000024165747,0.045340545,0.00015386248,0.00048172625,0.000026702643,0.000041362146,0.00004532846,0.000004328561],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832904,0.00007305968,0.00038202488,0.00046021998,0.0002884935,0.00046715647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906385,0.00004261648,0.0002160719,0.00044379645,0.00007540141,0.00015824004],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041428555,0.00026109497,0.00039771362,0.00008438008,0.00018001364,0.0002622326,0.0003815093,0.00017543738,0.0015380268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015436286,0.0002490754,0.000052843978,0.00017344464,0.00018131285,0.0004392275,0.000064850086,0.00016884466,0.0002644449],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011969624,0.00008847784,0.0000034899772,0.000019508318,0.000012092617,0.000003837629,0.00021734677,0.00003385692,0.9931648,0.006210256,0.0000035780406,0.00012309362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003307507,0.000052439893,0.0003272399,0.0000031857876,0.000086625296,0.000031502525,0.00009749485,0.00019275949,0.99617404,0.002217277,0.00018185451,0.00030482953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006184847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000059533606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04457059,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040253402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009645147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999961},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001352983","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001169","title":"Control of reflection at an optical interface in the absence of total internal reflection for a retroreflective display application","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Retroreflector; Total internal reflection; Optics; Reflection (computer programming); Fresnel equations; Interference (communication); Light reflection; Materials science; Attenuation; Light intensity; Modulation (music); Evanescent wave; Physics; Refractive index; Laser; Channel (broadcasting); Computer science","score_opus":0.01486410510210652,"score_gpt":0.2709061720271187,"score_spread":0.2560420669250122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001352983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6296229,0.000028105589,0.36553836,0.000016150241,0.00009141409,0.00045977076,0.000005991064,0.000027982232,0.0042093582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950841,0.0000043594277,0.0046278685,0.000007185438,0.00007307697,0.00016194096,0.000009906384,0.000021627266,0.0000099390845],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989853,0.000021087533,0.00039922842,0.0001831673,0.00022132669,0.00018988705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994315,0.0001527694,0.00009037342,0.00020976273,0.000090349415,0.000025267072],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033669735,0.00013650757,0.00022336161,0.000064054664,0.000038632417,0.000010501194,0.00013046945,0.00010545039,0.0000026957077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028685208,0.000109755194,0.00004345852,0.00023430688,0.00008056727,0.00006966373,0.000013884447,0.00014057901,0.000001920088],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048343037,0.00015867043,0.00092795125,0.00009176555,0.000031925843,2.2699216e-7,0.00042902966,0.11801524,0.843439,0.03443281,0.00002141368,0.0019685398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003132416,0.0008566665,0.026327724,0.00010122186,0.00009948766,0.000011821442,0.00069316005,0.46163738,0.49766704,0.008871512,0.0001715084,0.0004300633],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005142749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013094659,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36546123,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016500927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007124085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44756868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001409498","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.008482","title":"Hybrid sampling approach for imaging Fourier-transform spectrometry","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Sampling (signal processing); Computer science; Detector; Spectrometer; Optics; Fourier transform; Channel (broadcasting); Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.012259040170910866,"score_gpt":0.23220056757097407,"score_spread":0.2199415274000632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001409498","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0052812384,0.000110824985,0.8831534,0.00002522882,0.00018923466,0.00030025424,0.000012418014,0.00037871362,0.110548735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.568197,0.000018245979,0.4312719,0.00010118571,0.00024127614,0.000010647297,0.000051664272,0.000055608485,0.00005243619],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881524,0.0000012901148,0.0002887577,0.00019414588,0.00017278417,0.00052780105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994742,0.00011409584,0.000020582833,0.00020486918,0.000030975163,0.00015523672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003299845,0.00018310109,0.0001846949,0.00019604222,0.000099199,0.000061816936,0.0001483936,0.00006595988,0.000012963902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002111285,0.00019928283,0.00007352383,0.000294999,0.000039511353,0.000075833144,0.000016075213,0.00021866366,0.000029460643],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014299137,0.0003909351,0.0005952025,0.0013030436,0.00035680959,0.000012257438,0.0005208288,0.10376752,0.07555397,0.5648844,0.002248445,0.2502236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018931368,0.000046689674,0.0004287477,0.00001748615,0.00013346487,0.000032458374,0.0006124236,0.86446154,0.09401066,0.017126312,0.019975556,0.0012615147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.066687e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.3587219e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.760694,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007330274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008689072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8126518},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001916848","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.000122","title":"One-dimensional to two-dimensional channel formatting with micro-optics for wavelength division multiplexing networks","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Multiplexing; Interfacing; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Insertion loss; Wavelength; Disk formatting; Diffraction efficiency; Channel (broadcasting); Arrayed waveguide grating; Diffraction grating; Grating; Physics; Channel spacing; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Computer science; Telecommunications; Computer hardware","score_opus":0.009795116110362389,"score_gpt":0.20823178918921423,"score_spread":0.19843667307885185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001916848","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6359798,0.00017901618,0.3531437,0.00013241597,0.0004400778,0.0014536594,0.00008378815,0.0006243891,0.007963196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.78801394,0.0000031795269,0.2110544,0.000291198,0.00027874456,0.00008693372,0.00015147084,0.00008526341,0.000034891807],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980784,0.0000057832667,0.00043491,0.00034368137,0.00035951674,0.0007777214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990196,0.0003320357,0.000064423875,0.00026025777,0.00011883439,0.00020485463],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023031337,0.0003401534,0.0003532818,0.000107752625,0.00023802952,0.00008373783,0.0002006106,0.00015454972,0.000005497094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012950268,0.00032201334,0.0000760631,0.00024281492,0.000048918308,0.00011429778,0.00012226417,0.00028254648,0.000034351622],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006559972,0.000063017396,0.000012562665,0.00006511425,0.00005070233,0.0000027479941,0.000062672065,0.9758176,0.009132345,0.012909505,0.00014542363,0.0016726807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012806873,0.00007800525,0.00025264785,0.000103707745,0.000042091997,0.000006017898,0.000043349075,0.9865479,0.009527751,0.0013082403,0.00031326944,0.0004963657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009661069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020488176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15203415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008727348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024148023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002107288","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.002402","title":"Planar waveguide-based silica–polymer hybrid variable optical attenuator and its associated polymers","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Planar; Materials science; Polymer; Optical attenuator; Waveguide; Attenuator (electronics); Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Attenuation; Optical fiber; Computer science; Physics; Multi-mode optical fiber; Composite material","score_opus":0.007247009719603005,"score_gpt":0.19559473345287817,"score_spread":0.18834772373327516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002107288","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70120794,0.0024505113,0.004934127,0.00069419533,0.00030286846,0.00057158014,0.00015043878,0.0010762317,0.28861213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99396473,0.00005517234,0.004653456,0.00079415116,0.000104144565,0.000033437365,0.00004856084,0.00006604621,0.0002803247],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853593,0.000009322827,0.00033421855,0.00028939097,0.00025799763,0.0005731438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992005,0.00020537051,0.000036452126,0.000227709,0.000031058556,0.0002989079],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015305997,0.00028017233,0.00032676905,0.00006530986,0.00009011598,0.000059886115,0.00018205223,0.0001718627,0.00015921328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003791288,0.00028210384,0.000047443635,0.00017716133,0.000069530506,0.000087369,0.000034569082,0.00028833453,0.00017902524],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015882435,0.0005714868,0.00013356445,0.0003548831,0.000881878,0.00007543472,0.00025139065,0.029580042,0.35595903,0.595219,0.0037119067,0.01310254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015983914,0.00005446263,0.0002907387,0.00004016442,0.00017305318,0.000010979106,0.000045152115,0.78379864,0.20575038,0.00033716307,0.0071292724,0.0007716122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000039462384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037952846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7542186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000090298796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044721106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999631},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002137118","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.006770","title":"Transmission loss of phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings in lossy materials: a theoretical and experimental investigation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Long-period fiber grating; Laser linewidth; Coupled mode theory; Fiber Bragg grating; Cladding (metalworking); Transmission loss; Lossy compression; PHOSFOS; Wavelength; Transmission (telecommunications); Optical fiber; Plastic optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Refractive index; Fiber optic sensor; Physics; Laser; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.007771252464038163,"score_gpt":0.2474027265386745,"score_spread":0.23963147407463634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002137118","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895798,0.00007009331,0.00840912,0.000015037805,0.000040786443,0.00023518567,0.0000053567037,0.00008112402,0.0015634911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9481887,0.000012829385,0.051679473,0.000021684891,0.000028311537,0.00000900099,0.000015748661,0.00003766345,0.000006559362],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991035,0.000008676034,0.00036958235,0.00015818434,0.00013767336,0.00022240261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963665,0.000102307284,0.000038838236,0.00012122326,0.0000133774,0.000087603206],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018992827,0.00015612901,0.00020499587,0.000081477214,0.000019639763,0.000012838849,0.00006119425,0.00012790185,0.00007250882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011393203,0.000157725,0.000015047265,0.00015300339,0.00023629649,0.000060993185,0.000015769234,0.00011616763,0.0000050905505],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000109054796,0.000056395187,0.000025665777,0.00006973273,0.000011019524,0.000010599884,0.002336886,0.0012399151,0.9499093,0.043641586,0.000005725299,0.0025840653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014325943,0.000051679577,0.00014910597,0.000044773875,0.000010034052,0.000008690321,0.00036060065,0.0058283973,0.98771507,0.0041782814,0.00004030031,0.00018048956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015194634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.2737784e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043270353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036948175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059738677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6431838},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002704692","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.004965","title":"High-resolution tunable mid-infrared spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in AgGaS_2","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Spectrometer; Materials science; Infrared; Rhodamine 6G; Laser linewidth; Laser; Crystal (programming language); Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.014090882765587348,"score_gpt":0.22922581204398543,"score_spread":0.21513492927839808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002704692","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90606207,0.000030642637,0.021027364,0.0004510261,0.000082640036,0.00029637956,0.000033924738,0.00019105454,0.07182491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9702892,0.000021130476,0.02806675,0.00031509885,0.00025951114,0.00027285833,0.000394624,0.000033235174,0.00034759674],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985972,0.0000075276284,0.00032053867,0.00042480745,0.00026431645,0.00038558166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991504,0.000044306173,0.00009593066,0.0005889463,0.000030984633,0.000089420835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008053857,0.00022804797,0.00020547773,0.00012292598,0.00013352891,0.000062168234,0.00021839893,0.00019085051,0.00046583952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020333386,0.00023831338,0.00005323462,0.00031178593,0.000052758067,0.00004743895,0.000023256274,0.00030441096,0.00012760473],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004646817,0.0004344101,0.000104187086,0.000029321822,0.000012892476,0.000006557637,0.00009966862,0.03516944,0.86611605,0.09752993,0.00013858621,0.00031250922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023105755,0.000072439536,0.0007504165,0.000032046068,0.00003546129,0.0000017621499,0.00005955707,0.02156728,0.93587327,0.038644984,0.00023993598,0.00041226042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000120545665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006450618,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07147731,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045128792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001046021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97181374},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003339950","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.005169","title":"Optimization of multiple-slot waveguides for biochemical sensing","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Refractive index; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.009967567768467807,"score_gpt":0.20746994741184566,"score_spread":0.19750237964337786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003339950","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.061861925,0.00003688866,0.91383606,0.000014701645,0.00010209392,0.00019581396,0.000007177087,0.00014120649,0.023804102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7321511,0.000013693145,0.26770476,0.00002829299,0.000052647294,0.000004733489,0.00001786455,0.000020827554,0.0000060781304],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994611,0.0000024619567,0.0001969437,0.000101970654,0.00007499915,0.00016249371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952996,0.00021941132,0.000025488192,0.00013716453,0.000039571198,0.00004843596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008741902,0.00009647301,0.00015512847,0.000027984173,0.00002273748,0.000010936323,0.000068929585,0.0000861138,0.0000037503723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007140862,0.00009521896,0.00003681351,0.00006712456,0.0000395832,0.000021953192,0.000017417864,0.000053333057,0.0000041835747],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018563353,0.000018041073,0.0000066917055,0.00021371557,0.00003488467,1.2764067e-7,0.000072291696,0.8357179,0.12462391,0.035506684,0.00013777954,0.0036493666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026702174,0.000011241909,0.000008989246,0.000011258733,0.000018089879,5.2426753e-7,0.00001909869,0.8084685,0.19015838,0.00043419207,0.0005087521,0.00009394918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.696007e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.8370625e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6702892,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014491199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004942198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38829163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004136033","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.006460","title":"High-accuracy differential image motion monitor measurements for the Thirty Meter Telescope site testing program","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Telescope; Optics; Calibration; Differential (mechanical device); Metre; Remote sensing; Computer science; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.03748400306729685,"score_gpt":0.2793226259158383,"score_spread":0.24183862284854143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004136033","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43063173,0.000008224466,0.5646308,0.00004088057,0.00032907588,0.001293766,0.00003498161,0.000064624124,0.0029659537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80903083,4.80457e-7,0.18982185,0.000018679953,0.0009332715,0.000049012844,0.00006505352,0.000038228703,0.00004259562],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986786,0.000010626401,0.00031579626,0.00027969357,0.00025771052,0.0004575775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886614,0.00035656476,0.00020448548,0.00027234218,0.00021966611,0.00008079191],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002841886,0.00023513348,0.00020241474,0.000033674645,0.00041540913,0.00016651943,0.00015045585,0.0000515178,0.00001541133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029047415,0.00017210584,0.00009607152,0.00012225095,0.00007464629,0.000088664856,0.00008104949,0.0001909443,0.000020729827],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015093057,0.00044830138,0.001864424,0.00002663921,0.00031000964,0.0000012618948,0.00026548968,0.0003730391,0.16358955,0.01712863,0.00013509566,0.8157066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010644291,0.0007200022,0.083431736,0.0002079178,0.00214919,0.0000042545817,0.0032006896,0.12045645,0.74697936,0.024878759,0.0040232837,0.0033040654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000050513092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035829105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81240255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035526777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017743014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7018272},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004145326","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.006666","title":"Relative Measurements of Second-Order Susceptibility with Reflective Second-Harmonic Generation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Polarizer; Materials science; Second-harmonic generation; Wavelength; Thin film; Azimuth; Spectrum analyzer; Methyl methacrylate; Optoelectronics; Polymer; Laser; Physics; Birefringence; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.038614842378269794,"score_gpt":0.2770496339589618,"score_spread":0.23843479158069203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004145326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84297264,0.0000136276185,0.009000244,0.000005563959,0.00005477771,0.00036393877,0.000040961695,0.000012802754,0.14753546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9715973,8.4581217e-7,0.027675893,0.00003791689,0.000091229274,0.00003583116,0.000059040503,0.000027448066,0.00047446808],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889946,0.00005777195,0.00027219838,0.0003115114,0.00022556841,0.00023348081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990098,0.00006167453,0.00021884784,0.00031301053,0.0003264527,0.0000702143],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002607125,0.00020011063,0.00025072694,0.000043551634,0.0001029487,0.00001918726,0.00008930971,0.00006253733,0.00090512156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000112054795,0.00017638967,0.00005201612,0.00024250631,0.00009110242,0.00014210377,0.000020172209,0.00024885678,0.00002747877],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020659344,0.000976893,0.02382131,0.000039419025,0.00092115125,0.0000011058622,0.0016105364,0.00012680347,0.8996385,0.07169928,0.000296953,0.0006614985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011357755,0.0001658937,0.0009307545,0.000006834274,0.00008133802,5.059938e-7,0.00042103458,0.00013148281,0.9916707,0.0045380765,0.00065814186,0.00025945297],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008428941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006367322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14706099,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006466042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001886759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99104464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004592177","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.001441","title":"Volume emission rate tomography from a satellite platform","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Satellite; Noise (video); Tomography; Remote sensing; Computer science; Optics; Volume (thermodynamics); Algorithm; Satellite tracking; Maximization; Physics; Geology; Mathematics; Computer vision; Mathematical optimization; Image (mathematics); Astronomy","score_opus":0.005493598305952176,"score_gpt":0.17592895528297173,"score_spread":0.17043535697701956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004592177","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8445117,0.000058301084,0.010802034,0.000026290636,0.0001032498,0.00018793011,0.0000033161525,0.00006662177,0.14424059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9211359,0.00020967261,0.07576439,0.00044526078,0.000024000157,0.000016738144,0.000018910987,0.000034356442,0.0023507734],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885017,0.000013174336,0.00020872339,0.00035626505,0.00022954232,0.00034212202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938333,0.000030223831,0.00007408157,0.00033215724,0.0000012486023,0.00017897064],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012772482,0.00020483372,0.00015474486,0.0000051125835,0.00013340282,0.000029278213,0.0001851448,0.00012233575,0.001707102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000064372252,0.00018980786,0.000063959276,0.00019938592,0.0001933214,0.00009847209,0.000112273825,0.00015516495,0.00096220203],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021511808,0.0009217542,0.61486113,0.000022843975,0.000177425,0.00007459653,0.0024789104,0.103350125,0.1365618,0.016703757,0.0031646232,0.121467955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029445766,0.000251382,0.35862032,0.000031182615,0.00021913604,0.000018590203,0.002456995,0.03069392,0.018896706,0.05131363,0.5318985,0.0026550866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000562636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000059559043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52873385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000114629904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004319189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004798529","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.006343","title":"Modeling of fiber-optic fluorescence probes for strongly absorbing samples","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Absorption (acoustics); Fluorescence; Optical fiber; Excitation; Fiber; Beam (structure); Fiber optic sensor; Attenuation coefficient; Physics","score_opus":0.02975242422537321,"score_gpt":0.24418166880240674,"score_spread":0.21442924457703352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004798529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8364491,0.00012753277,0.1525749,0.00002935083,0.000050124454,0.0002776238,0.00002410496,0.00012396742,0.010343328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8972675,0.000004813168,0.10229992,0.00000548044,0.00017358248,0.000018936293,0.000016970444,0.0000256373,0.00018716026],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990244,0.000002047553,0.00028520895,0.00015081062,0.00014378772,0.00039373798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941874,0.00016760355,0.000043748514,0.00019717314,0.00004957671,0.00012319087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010962903,0.00014588957,0.00022218718,0.000019937785,0.000042969845,0.000008792379,0.0001481478,0.00010961865,0.00004032526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011769764,0.00014052438,0.00008019234,0.00007418916,0.000048777012,0.00005596283,0.000043643835,0.00013869008,0.00001615491],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000063288746,0.00013846101,0.00005779228,0.00063519995,0.000091433154,4.230253e-7,0.0003860826,0.46731913,0.36814234,0.16233912,0.000027818793,0.0007989406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020518315,0.000008802803,0.0000031945538,0.000028407012,0.00005874444,0.0000011551223,0.00017353207,0.7809926,0.217919,0.0003551352,0.00008543932,0.00016874005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000034805516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.16809986e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31367353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027288963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011193586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5730418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005092773","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.006625","title":"Modified Fabry-Perot interferometric method for waveguide loss measurement","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Interferometry; Materials science; Laser; Waveguide; Broadband; Wavelength; Optical power; Semiconductor laser theory; Physics","score_opus":0.048712705719217146,"score_gpt":0.25590027664409853,"score_spread":0.20718757092488138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005092773","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01563429,0.00021573051,0.90190387,0.00003326014,0.00023937055,0.0004834209,0.000012048507,0.00028006098,0.081197955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8701786,0.00012231767,0.12919177,0.000115531446,0.000089272435,0.00016194583,0.000007589435,0.000049142094,0.00008383091],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986932,0.0000077661025,0.00033082635,0.00023429551,0.0003255417,0.00040835768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993039,0.00013098864,0.000030252144,0.00029672516,0.00009689148,0.00014124812],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003365671,0.00022122638,0.00030090884,0.00013491536,0.0000896002,0.000023316148,0.0002502198,0.00012930232,0.0000191073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006070625,0.00020933527,0.000092814655,0.00032874828,0.00004193544,0.0000476151,0.000044819113,0.00017596509,0.00006317535],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032734434,0.0005598189,0.0000566816,0.0014711568,0.0014070281,0.00006797063,0.0020672835,0.21811959,0.06162203,0.54603136,0.0061725792,0.16209713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011725348,0.00007925492,0.000111244895,0.00002174281,0.00008056573,0.000022446458,0.00006058512,0.9479476,0.039597057,0.0029779633,0.007414442,0.0005145129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004301321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023265547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8545443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014304844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002612369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85364443},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005216561","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.002581","title":"Automated, portable, low-cost bright-field and fluorescence microscope with autofocus and autoscanning capabilities","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microscope; Autofocus; Optics; Computer science; Optical microscope; Lens (geology); Microscopy; Digital microscope; Software; Materials science; Focus (optics); Physics; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.005123475156740904,"score_gpt":0.2162135789846124,"score_spread":0.2110901038278715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005216561","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89716685,0.0015443695,0.07849613,0.00016713316,0.00009358997,0.00085009297,0.000022217802,0.0042497306,0.017409906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8776342,0.000096531054,0.12196324,0.00005902258,0.000040720493,0.0001027623,0.000005693553,0.00003656689,0.00006124238],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927765,0.0000025592362,0.00014950412,0.0001546824,0.000080511534,0.00033506993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960285,0.000042102965,0.00003011476,0.0001923757,0.000024792573,0.000107770196],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008799001,0.0001671102,0.00014758714,0.0000412647,0.00013571288,0.000103850834,0.00008424594,0.000084398525,0.0000066579764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005836556,0.00014935508,0.0000086249265,0.00011777418,0.00010181045,0.00015448318,0.000045044544,0.00015848743,0.0000046712366],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012108023,0.00042341248,0.024044799,0.004980457,0.0003264427,0.000028430357,0.016996833,0.0037591727,0.55837554,0.16918534,0.025977714,0.1957808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011126004,0.0000848856,0.010982807,0.00044236693,0.00019775712,0.00021281737,0.0011601484,0.19023956,0.7759606,0.0017502259,0.015965952,0.0018902178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001937122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022240217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21758513,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021140831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001589497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60905236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005414233","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.006702","title":"Sputtered Si:H alloys for edge filters: application to thermophotovoltaics","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Thermophotovoltaic; Materials science; Optics; Refractive index; Interference filter; Sputtering; Optical filter; Absorption (acoustics); Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Thin film; Interference (communication); Filter (signal processing); Attenuation coefficient; Deposition (geology); Absorption edge; Infrared; Optical coating; Band gap; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.015852145469196718,"score_gpt":0.20541286579297707,"score_spread":0.18956072032378035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005414233","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17982072,0.00018654272,0.78635484,0.000594277,0.00036344738,0.0019019305,0.00005938983,0.0037319176,0.026986953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9723462,0.00004576778,0.026577389,0.000381741,0.0000889533,0.00039003135,0.000012298741,0.000043702657,0.00011393283],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943036,0.0000014782811,0.00014637229,0.00014303716,0.00007262503,0.0002061517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995632,0.000042705076,0.000020847676,0.00030275414,0.000020594829,0.000049906477],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000040557185,0.00012297726,0.00010974323,0.00006133265,0.00004392022,0.00003036441,0.0002186145,0.000104616294,0.000026218244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013941856,0.00013143581,0.000034042976,0.00014264409,0.00001559907,0.000025741108,0.000025094723,0.00007962564,0.0002548813],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034496312,0.000104542494,0.000020165942,0.00013787401,0.00011132712,0.000001429924,0.0018076882,0.1971671,0.4788314,0.057199813,0.04135758,0.22322659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006563707,0.000067140565,0.00013553906,0.000010068011,0.000030367239,0.0000019138854,0.00024974736,0.7341684,0.11146679,0.0038316175,0.14882822,0.00055382185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.1507707e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019204783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7925255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040878353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000018304685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5359796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005716885","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.005814","title":"Enhancement of the thermal lens signal induced by sample matrix absorption of the probe laser beam","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Laser; Lens (geology); Absorption (acoustics); Refractive index; Beam (structure); Photothermal spectroscopy; Signal beam; Sapphire; Laser beam quality; Absorption spectroscopy; Optoelectronics; Photothermal therapy; Laser beams","score_opus":0.011036423388244298,"score_gpt":0.19310688062976744,"score_spread":0.18207045724152315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005716885","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98850685,0.00006575235,0.008158535,0.000020516063,0.00007928995,0.00045465239,0.00012693532,0.000074662064,0.0025128182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988245,0.000028812205,0.001008016,0.000024136762,0.000023109285,0.00004108022,0.000003073138,0.000018869832,0.000028403452],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941796,0.000009472149,0.00019996753,0.00007698278,0.0001619902,0.0001335996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957013,0.000050056093,0.000071552335,0.00027424283,0.000019590423,0.000014449862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007628266,0.00010575923,0.00011245069,0.00001951209,0.000042027274,0.000005457384,0.00022052757,0.000082132174,0.00011700604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000032316304,0.00006856259,0.00007038573,0.00016125312,0.000055488836,0.000020149746,0.000036224093,0.00014449129,0.0000011328957],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051657994,0.00005599571,0.000056645855,0.00004356923,0.00003314725,2.3755733e-8,0.0003792576,0.0018626223,0.99545175,0.0008206285,0.00032581572,0.0009654015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013138016,0.000026005808,0.00043274046,0.000020456675,0.000033265922,2.3115298e-7,0.000032812968,0.0014183742,0.99706465,0.00046624415,0.00028729267,0.00008656268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001159438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015855979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01031766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014413587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004042199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27959013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005925721","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.005185","title":"Local-field enhancement in an optical force metallic nanotrap: application to single-molecule spectroscopy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Near-Field Optical Microscopy","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Paul University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optical force; Optics; Spectroscopy; Local field; Near-field scanning optical microscope; Raman scattering; Optical tweezers; Scattering; Particle (ecology); Raman spectroscopy; Field (mathematics); Image resolution; Optoelectronics; Optical microscope; Physics; Condensed matter physics","score_opus":0.005711438641318068,"score_gpt":0.2278362192689464,"score_spread":0.22212478062762833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005925721","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3945767,0.00003285938,0.5825095,0.00010036097,0.00006892114,0.0004627487,0.0000013765689,0.00015731926,0.022090184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89347476,0.000007730382,0.10573092,0.00037468667,0.00009759936,0.0001803944,0.000021181944,0.00005862422,0.000054098397],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836147,0.000007867106,0.00042057002,0.00039614565,0.00023302107,0.00058094825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992257,0.00008077524,0.000025668742,0.0004758248,0.000029788356,0.00016226305],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000107639935,0.00026841875,0.0002777609,0.00010280569,0.00004037194,0.00008062308,0.00027878676,0.00018236648,0.000043678636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009133534,0.00030403264,0.000045276858,0.0003669334,0.000044112123,0.00008168979,0.000055443303,0.0002739829,0.00022098217],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029006596,0.00016629162,0.000012642026,0.000026476764,0.000008544751,0.0000043409036,0.000041051593,0.01298668,0.9316257,0.0530647,0.00011737648,0.0019171853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000331215,0.00023117618,0.000050350744,0.00001197097,0.000018666866,0.0000016059062,0.000037664813,0.014966081,0.9807755,0.0026532006,0.0005811371,0.00034147815],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022793643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013722679,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49889806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018292175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016016167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999412},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006005627","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.004113","title":"Autocalibrating Stokes polarimeter for materials characterization","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Polarimeter; Optics; Calibration; Refractive index; Ellipsometry; Stray light; Materials science; Retarder; Stokes parameters; Polarimetry; Amplifier; Amplitude; Physics; Optoelectronics; Thin film","score_opus":0.012576381737837632,"score_gpt":0.21123442224355354,"score_spread":0.19865804050571592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006005627","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35627294,0.00003302745,0.63488466,0.000042955966,0.0010382964,0.00044800778,0.00007486442,0.0005476587,0.0066575864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9675328,0.00000649848,0.031394184,0.00018719096,0.00045999384,0.000034038094,0.0002364097,0.00004983043,0.00009903172],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993562,0.000004868537,0.00020425464,0.00007398219,0.000076319266,0.0002843704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997159,0.000040386687,0.000026737598,0.00011299005,0.000015907995,0.00008803323],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011603016,0.00011247898,0.0001270849,0.000055467277,0.000057910343,0.00006756984,0.00006200841,0.00010234945,0.000055534892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001830952,0.00011365557,0.00002203732,0.00011090565,0.000014539697,0.00019438099,0.000016520107,0.000056348686,0.000102092956],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005409482,0.000024246947,0.00017518195,0.000086203836,0.000022638482,4.3647844e-8,0.00015366286,0.0002743555,0.93298817,0.06423444,0.000094148025,0.0019415279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000516123,0.000027004513,0.0052407486,0.000013563953,0.000060246133,0.000002281904,0.00007272557,0.026980424,0.9524602,0.00045423923,0.013640139,0.00053225405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.579286e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.869513e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6112599,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018542007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000040470027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46347398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006041623","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000975","title":"Gain flattening coatings for improved spectral performance of asymmetric multiple quantum well lasers","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Lasing threshold; Optics; Optoelectronics; Flattening; Coating; Wavelength; Amplified spontaneous emission; Physics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.017843312321180166,"score_gpt":0.19713875688920593,"score_spread":0.17929544456802576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006041623","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98345244,0.00005602744,0.00444175,0.000004408829,0.00023063278,0.0003264979,0.00001590587,0.00013980763,0.011332554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9592252,0.000039760926,0.040508408,0.00003619444,0.00006752873,0.000029106108,0.000014782994,0.000047907914,0.000031106596],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999086,0.0000027107424,0.00030470185,0.00016978006,0.00008571443,0.00035108038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945486,0.00016192425,0.000065184606,0.00018903287,0.00004291096,0.00008608229],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012840287,0.00017550394,0.0002475515,0.00010232576,0.00004482216,0.000013687251,0.00017705292,0.00010030468,0.000020739508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031650357,0.00017158042,0.00006880924,0.00024001705,0.0000493132,0.0000790689,0.000024895708,0.00014333818,0.000019871715],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032820844,0.00018810682,0.005018119,0.0013194918,0.00023636514,0.0000028554243,0.0016098364,0.012297134,0.94439083,0.02708921,0.00088611635,0.0066337325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006608744,0.00011816768,0.0006473246,0.000017356235,0.000041079624,8.6048465e-7,0.00026202004,0.59000975,0.40764204,0.00017883582,0.00018936722,0.00023234134],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012729399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003790796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5777126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026486636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010140801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6996847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006248844","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000040","title":"Optical configuration and color-representation range of a variable-pitch dot matrix holographic printer","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Holography; Dot matrix; Grating; Holographic display; Pixel; Viewing angle; Dot pitch; Orientation (vector space); Physics; Materials science; Computer science; Liquid-crystal display; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.00850681133774277,"score_gpt":0.241329842112246,"score_spread":0.23282303077450323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006248844","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86619407,0.00011558081,0.10350733,0.00013427224,0.00005922791,0.00042532219,0.0000074905524,0.0007189939,0.028837733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85976446,0.00018098834,0.13989876,0.000019199313,0.000016208658,0.000043534143,0.0000075781,0.000022021673,0.000047246525],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992433,0.0000055399732,0.00025282172,0.00017870731,0.00011660677,0.00020301643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954045,0.000114366936,0.000026796894,0.00024105453,0.00003535744,0.00004196454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000070068265,0.00013816984,0.00020279687,0.000083066385,0.000027956023,0.000025709167,0.0001165337,0.00013623046,0.00005952981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031557465,0.00013859181,0.000023166085,0.00025183722,0.00022675305,0.000095001,0.00003131,0.00018594456,0.000022953816],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016202437,0.00012835204,0.0014959587,0.00024690139,0.00016036641,0.000014056129,0.0003079873,0.08345753,0.22120658,0.6339158,0.000203696,0.058700778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006916951,0.00045716038,0.022891697,0.00018059167,0.0005160804,0.00012079369,0.0011467522,0.47837317,0.3422723,0.14134268,0.0036185395,0.0021632714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000017656283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.88502e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49257308,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017404633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000049642013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56516105},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006653771","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.001424","title":"Radiometry in line-shape modeling of Fourier-transform spectrometers","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université Laval; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Radiometry; Radiance; Spectrometer; Irradiance; Fourier transform; Imaging spectrometer; Interferometry; Physics","score_opus":0.03041075071081184,"score_gpt":0.20959102994652196,"score_spread":0.17918027923571012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006653771","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23505677,0.00037845643,0.5581685,0.00011191633,0.000145458,0.0005092288,0.0000072447497,0.0006221089,0.20500036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9643558,0.0003420862,0.035181507,0.000030150002,0.000030089981,0.000013365306,0.0000030347828,0.000022360884,0.000021594475],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993899,0.0000020916223,0.0002346334,0.00008006528,0.00014539747,0.00014794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979895,0.00001122206,0.0000136552935,0.00012806803,0.000011197955,0.000036886526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000090880036,0.00009127843,0.00014022505,0.00022039992,0.000009495603,0.000009897568,0.0000802692,0.00006530883,0.00011144191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004419631,0.00010102205,0.000034420722,0.00031443097,0.000012046984,0.000051609968,0.000005988241,0.00011768157,0.000009809411],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029401148,0.00024883205,0.000089246154,0.00044723382,0.00011686192,0.00000985743,0.001731132,0.5444749,0.30381477,0.029847028,0.0011121037,0.11807867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024421277,0.000016312322,0.0000036874872,0.000012491631,0.000006972688,8.7930437e-7,0.000038808525,0.9537022,0.045102514,0.00049205165,0.00027360598,0.00010622727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013719217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034640423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.729299,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042593583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000028316242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41195595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006977454","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.000149","title":"Quantitative comparison of terahertz emission from (100) InAs surfaces and a GaAs large-aperture photoconductive switch at high fluences","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Terahertz radiation; Photoconductivity; Materials science; Optics; Femtosecond; Optoelectronics; Fluence; Photomixing; Laser; Excitation; Aperture (computer memory); Common emitter; Gallium arsenide; Far-infrared laser; Physics; Terahertz metamaterials","score_opus":0.015467081694177945,"score_gpt":0.2687122403580107,"score_spread":0.2532451586638328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006977454","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955452,0.0008685434,0.001343528,0.00025755263,0.000029921861,0.0003923789,0.00008137936,0.00021116591,0.0012702927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9771321,0.00010697915,0.022457788,0.000047794023,0.000022691635,0.00010619632,0.00004748393,0.000021990674,0.00005700386],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992199,0.000008032269,0.0002547795,0.00022549773,0.000104052546,0.00018775089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940616,0.00021290922,0.00007471155,0.00022325992,0.00003273726,0.000050215833],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004788704,0.00017838163,0.00028588812,0.00005023823,0.0001118099,0.000013866868,0.00015458302,0.00022138994,0.000047103633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013250368,0.00016128227,0.000023549272,0.00015198854,0.000121289915,0.000076510725,0.00006772951,0.00023337132,0.000029100325],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007630016,0.00020672452,0.004665701,0.00004230773,0.00017529458,0.0000011478946,0.005368976,0.0021897526,0.94664896,0.0240226,0.0018060268,0.014796196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014223265,0.00013549886,0.010256469,0.00007361454,0.00010466181,0.0000032294413,0.0050926413,0.11628431,0.79169434,0.006079672,0.06819818,0.00065504044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002624653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007921527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15495461,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003715425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007738411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65769},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007121943","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.004284","title":"Intensity invariant nonlinear correlation filtering in spatially disjoint noise","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Disjoint sets; Linear filter; Invariant (physics); Optics; Nonlinear system; Correlation; Noise (video); Filter (signal processing); Matched filter; Intensity (physics); Physics; Nonlinear filter; Bruit; Mathematics; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Artificial intelligence; Filter design; Acoustics; Image (mathematics); Computer vision; Geometry","score_opus":0.007856589320398535,"score_gpt":0.20696904135763838,"score_spread":0.19911245203723985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007121943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6777135,0.000007844414,0.31207696,0.00015467871,0.0005636106,0.00025775604,0.0000055290484,0.0011565615,0.00806352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.696436,0.000011497125,0.30342513,0.000028125594,0.000042173317,0.000014305829,0.000009745569,0.000027319487,0.0000057170705],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992125,0.000001908875,0.00024344315,0.00017751743,0.0001019449,0.0002626556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994907,0.000060866165,0.000027829868,0.00035031282,0.00003077167,0.000039551906],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000091082926,0.00015743282,0.00018297335,0.00009729057,0.000029024037,0.000031875836,0.00018237616,0.00014628813,0.000013306621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015204647,0.0001656046,0.000022472683,0.00018111698,0.000089943416,0.000099745725,0.0001349775,0.00070905266,0.00008553552],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030672374,0.000078782956,0.0012837561,0.00006357397,0.000020696534,0.00004790154,0.0002651681,0.3490161,0.5594225,0.073285356,0.00006911415,0.016416378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035757516,0.00001408136,0.0035256695,0.000021348018,0.000010156889,0.00001005074,0.000059858427,0.9401206,0.04031588,0.01492246,0.00031177452,0.00033057338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006464347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000064192245,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5911045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004604795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009141154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6753159},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007263233","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001555","title":"Toward perfect antireflection coatings 3 Experimental results obtained with the use of Reststrahlen materials","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Optics; Ellipsometry; Coating; Optical coating; Reflectivity; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Range (aeronautics); Thin film; Composite material; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.03870456421982728,"score_gpt":0.2539961668738087,"score_spread":0.21529160265398145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007263233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957809,0.000007307478,0.00041235375,0.00037044348,0.00007854258,0.00035971208,0.000040400082,0.00007993797,0.0028704142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97409755,0.000001367574,0.025294092,0.00009731542,0.00012877096,0.00003416362,0.000024945757,0.000024901738,0.00029691652],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985892,0.000044321645,0.00042774918,0.00030431617,0.0003414146,0.0002929949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905396,0.00021838259,0.00030956525,0.0002795867,0.000099559744,0.00003896301],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038777047,0.00018536416,0.00024447308,0.000031018244,0.00018567701,0.00022142255,0.00018096462,0.000076974844,0.000040190094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000587275,0.00011564122,0.00003079845,0.00017353013,0.00017327639,0.0001357965,0.00007745109,0.00008673886,0.000023514154],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033272314,0.00007274759,0.000018727404,0.000019714595,0.000003252931,0.0000022773283,0.00042089916,0.00033768738,0.9880921,0.009823951,0.00083512644,0.000040770243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063810224,0.00031959938,0.00023781913,0.000022273502,0.000023143126,0.0000069242287,0.00030227407,0.00010929621,0.9975719,0.0001345282,0.00046848864,0.0001656858],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004543878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027568063,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02488174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004976773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032201642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4715712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007622904","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.001168","title":"Interphase in plasma-deposited films on plastics: effect on the spectral properties of optical filters","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Interphase; Materials science; Optics; Refractive index; Optical filter; Achromatic lens; Anti-reflective coating; Chemical vapor deposition; In situ; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Layer (electronics); Chemistry","score_opus":0.011461842075179383,"score_gpt":0.2146389234130203,"score_spread":0.2031770813378409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007622904","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97732824,0.000003294307,0.00001653941,0.00017056736,0.000076515695,0.00037870315,0.000009227931,0.000040870418,0.02197602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971068,0.0000021916007,0.00237143,0.00028482164,0.000042012824,0.000044890403,0.0000025902923,0.000021013508,0.0001242384],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863577,0.000044629414,0.00036660032,0.00028748732,0.00031774075,0.00034774787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895924,0.0006074811,0.000068488975,0.00027280135,0.000020231735,0.000071779206],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003180357,0.00020960324,0.0002754376,0.00005244622,0.00007955936,0.00008465124,0.00028967732,0.000085730244,0.00038957922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019790864,0.00012364151,0.000053730702,0.00015357458,0.00024692295,0.000038250713,0.00004438941,0.00027098652,0.00037818344],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011428753,0.00024338541,0.00003427477,0.00004770275,0.000008235527,0.000012162555,0.0004948607,0.0029456187,0.9664123,0.027439857,0.00014431731,0.0010744152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00065431336,0.001230594,0.000115702285,0.00016970956,0.0000162144,0.0000029488476,0.00008989338,0.0073527247,0.9900535,0.00011843894,0.000027214772,0.00016874775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001175134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006814533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027321419,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029350658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018003248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50419545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008013719","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.005712","title":"Spectral airglow temperature imager (SATI): a ground-based instrument for the monitoring of mesosphere temperature","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Airglow; Mesosphere; Temperature measurement; Detector; Optics; Rotational temperature; Remote sensing; Spectrometer; Atmospheric temperature; Physics; Azimuth; Mesopause; Noise (video); Spectral line; Sky; Field of view; Stratosphere; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.009784020787731692,"score_gpt":0.20750940588510217,"score_spread":0.19772538509737048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008013719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99534863,0.0005280786,0.0003098279,0.00062497996,0.00037622612,0.000561409,0.000063974374,0.000048087677,0.0021387849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94190675,0.00008203218,0.05731693,0.00023272775,0.00029460553,0.000013045353,0.00004746521,0.000010787877,0.00009566917],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988654,0.000009382474,0.0002506419,0.00024083446,0.00027588956,0.0003578199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993488,0.0001314417,0.00010268279,0.0002904674,0.00004681758,0.00007974331],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001553761,0.0002080903,0.00022007836,0.0000069216017,0.0002630569,0.000097535616,0.0002753622,0.00013190655,0.0001683541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010528586,0.00013517299,0.00010479468,0.00023109288,0.000108662796,0.00008689468,0.000010385457,0.00023648319,0.000023735802],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014704503,0.000503689,0.16215181,0.0007323286,0.0007352943,0.000059171394,0.003723428,0.6973629,0.060412567,0.021097446,0.0014137974,0.05033711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.014677986,0.002219647,0.6160586,0.00042566005,0.0009279512,0.00005814287,0.023258176,0.013126529,0.30443263,0.016050113,0.005805497,0.0029591073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017565738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009239804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68423635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014736361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012315423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55121946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008162187","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.003892","title":"Long-range surface plasmon polariton waveguides embedded in fluorinated polymer","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Communications Research Centre Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Cladding (metalworking); Materials science; Surface plasmon polariton; Optics; Surface plasmon; Attenuation; Polariton; Insertion loss; Fabrication; Waveguide; Optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Refractive index; Plasmon; Composite material","score_opus":0.01752724061283207,"score_gpt":0.22643332612064515,"score_spread":0.2089060855078131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008162187","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97246563,0.0007029851,0.0002986358,0.00004466515,0.00018867696,0.0002835204,0.000020242698,0.00035438692,0.02564127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99299425,0.00066213513,0.0052112597,0.000028088683,0.000014261618,0.000018124616,0.00003268717,0.000078953635,0.0009602285],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980755,0.000021790096,0.00038725344,0.00030904874,0.0004329794,0.00077345007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920094,0.00017055463,0.00002775924,0.00037494558,0.00003914244,0.00018667278],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020482474,0.00030688822,0.0003655484,0.00015716713,0.00010342155,0.000034516812,0.0003129308,0.00027972055,0.0000801348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020778229,0.00032677755,0.000059821425,0.0005306319,0.00011042084,0.000116062394,0.00007796018,0.0006008156,0.00034784398],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004642591,0.00068778376,0.10111017,0.00049958023,0.0004404157,0.0019742867,0.003920489,0.66059464,0.20938744,0.009392113,0.009785431,0.0017434173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003461026,0.0000936884,0.029328058,0.00006822782,0.000031372496,0.00011492644,0.00052106753,0.5568505,0.4064453,0.00014284241,0.0014405743,0.0015024439],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007773939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006671433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19705786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014284841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005947498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008749287","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.003518","title":"Imaging diffractometer with holographic encoding enhancements for laser sensing and characterization","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Dynamics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Holography; Optics; Cardinal point; Laser; Diffractometer; Holographic display; Physics; Encoding (memory); Wavelength; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.008762527947249832,"score_gpt":0.24746244030717604,"score_spread":0.23869991235992621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008749287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70191216,0.0000017367416,0.29582226,0.000011806943,0.000034586028,0.00018344155,0.000014785197,0.000012765762,0.0020064842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98246145,0.000003534145,0.017009385,0.00011376359,0.00021223282,0.000007188067,0.00013251454,0.00002294128,0.00003699434],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936587,0.0000034273044,0.00013359822,0.00018233187,0.000078899626,0.000235894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961156,0.00008392494,0.00009734925,0.00010168551,0.000052265066,0.00005320958],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013842578,0.00012236852,0.00011906385,0.000071565504,0.000115351344,0.000048705555,0.000036254136,0.0000227491,0.000006209835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000017201871,0.000107880995,0.00002199461,0.00010731228,0.000043458647,0.0000958324,0.000023318438,0.0000880224,0.00000211949],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017726216,0.00011420991,0.040120527,0.000021988835,0.000109135966,0.000003065643,0.000346797,0.0000022942916,0.90259117,0.002582988,0.0000043922314,0.053926155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026396925,0.0001221558,0.031353462,0.00005588825,0.00019258884,0.000004154006,0.0010155692,0.005838855,0.95299655,0.0019233763,0.003133315,0.00072438415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000032453493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010137945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28054932,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008724199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000091472575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43992594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009084733","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000721","title":"Field-programmable logic devices with optical input–output","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Crossbar switch; Optical switch; Optical computing; Programmable logic device; Optical engineering; Computer science; Logic gate; Optical transistor; Optical cross-connect; Optical performance monitoring; Computer hardware; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Optics; Physics; Optical fiber; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transistor; Wavelength-division multiplexing","score_opus":0.00963022340407157,"score_gpt":0.20041282210487804,"score_spread":0.19078259870080647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009084733","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7127069,0.00023325968,0.001280935,0.00012288417,0.00009421564,0.00022638914,0.0000027940753,0.0005243885,0.2848082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9697821,0.00011543376,0.028812002,0.0006590182,0.00014614717,0.00003633967,0.000010869111,0.00004673143,0.00039131747],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891263,0.000003911893,0.00020613163,0.0002358044,0.00019408778,0.00044740285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993994,0.00010595529,0.000014832077,0.0002887986,0.000024075562,0.00016689849],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059495113,0.00022952659,0.00023471931,0.000036310565,0.00006309561,0.00011113594,0.00021700223,0.00015287581,0.0005270506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048935185,0.00018178711,0.000039747967,0.00021541314,0.00006413226,0.000093460454,0.000020514097,0.00025189738,0.00044219723],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006248918,0.0006177638,0.0020395077,0.0009822657,0.0009310559,0.00037328858,0.00077749626,0.146911,0.009332799,0.29070222,0.00757587,0.5391318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0077524004,0.002829492,0.004298341,0.0004130435,0.0010499089,0.00025065683,0.0018837575,0.22616827,0.13195348,0.016252425,0.6000726,0.007075617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000058390483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016638001,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59249675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022508559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000143617235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7413063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009617466","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007945","title":"New technique for retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles from Rayleigh-scatter lidar measurements using nonlinear inversion","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lidar; Radiosonde; Rayleigh scattering; Remote sensing; Thermosphere; Environmental science; Atmospheric temperature; Altitude (triangle); Backscatter (email); Optics; Atmospheric optics; Inversion (geology); Monte Carlo method; Meteorology; Geology; Physics; Ionosphere; Computer science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.020718326554005104,"score_gpt":0.23714258180619846,"score_spread":0.21642425525219336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009617466","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93331397,0.0000593383,0.06399193,0.000042355645,0.00016373112,0.0008768184,0.000018303243,0.000033001983,0.0015005454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4994174,0.0000033106473,0.5001458,0.00011774413,0.00015313794,0.000010907407,0.000015376721,0.0000243526,0.00011198653],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987751,0.0000135575365,0.00025753307,0.00024999495,0.00036545607,0.0003383585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993567,0.000029892459,0.00015868383,0.0002840548,0.000016020878,0.00015466005],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001845217,0.00019544216,0.00022194897,7.534257e-7,0.00010827159,0.00001602099,0.00022300165,0.00020772293,0.00044744715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000117479,0.00017094151,0.00007074221,0.00022093148,0.00008553073,0.0001251742,0.00015766663,0.00013607771,0.00003700035],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009143618,0.00008602238,0.02486396,0.000014757357,0.00002334945,1.8813081e-7,0.00023407555,0.00023065122,0.973168,0.000059095528,0.0007668594,0.0004615818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089565886,0.000097907214,0.0064325035,0.000032158052,0.00012862765,0.0000015370343,0.00034894972,0.0017735856,0.9872246,0.00032354795,0.0022996347,0.00044134058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009267106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002510221,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43615386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013345963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029528575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69707924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009748982","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.004968","title":"Sample holder and methodology for measuring the reflectance and transmittance of narrow-leaf samples","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Transmittance; Reflectivity; Optics; Sample (material); Materials science; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.1381571167444172,"score_gpt":0.3272468768512647,"score_spread":0.1890897601068475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009748982","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08441501,0.0014711899,0.9128534,0.000022251836,0.000099297555,0.00023833911,0.000004599162,0.000060594124,0.00083530694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.48389295,0.00011606616,0.5158826,0.00002643818,0.000042264015,0.000016913187,5.340166e-7,0.000016083488,0.0000061445003],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935603,0.000017580242,0.00020241362,0.00013664388,0.000089731824,0.00019762217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985065,0.0012428018,0.000037950987,0.00013545359,0.000038812635,0.000038466216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011660954,0.000109464265,0.00018261057,0.000040589493,0.00008146536,0.000007721408,0.000061332306,0.00006645359,0.0000015256455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013256604,0.00009121901,0.000023478577,0.00010595996,0.000087235916,0.000032077045,0.000008205565,0.00010552831,1.0503616e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015505147,0.000008649552,0.0002049519,0.00027337848,0.000054394033,2.585278e-7,0.001220102,0.0054471525,0.86772996,0.039895155,0.000016441063,0.08499449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011183001,0.00007638126,0.002068418,0.00002191607,0.0000807882,0.000009094732,0.0007622069,0.0038856617,0.9349593,0.049187616,0.007504718,0.00032563176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013633421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025176074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39947793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010078298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004251534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3719803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010646786","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.005985","title":"Time-domain geometrical localization of point-like fluorescence inclusions in turbid media with early photon arrival times","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Imaging phantom; Optics; Monte Carlo method; Photon; Physics; Fluorescence; Detector; Photon counting; Laser; Point source; Point spread function; Ultrashort pulse; Materials science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.005425064304615804,"score_gpt":0.23537169833344082,"score_spread":0.229946634028825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010646786","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9495638,0.00004099394,0.028838575,0.0006036295,0.000031408228,0.0010756939,0.000006469273,0.00023043668,0.019609014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8887574,0.00002649075,0.11077459,0.00019327363,0.000035882706,0.000042477626,0.000029782324,0.000030771644,0.00010930499],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99867463,0.000018738001,0.0003351634,0.00025822193,0.0004100485,0.0003031964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991536,0.00015786201,0.000079050085,0.0003187303,0.00012523413,0.00016550432],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017275459,0.00017143783,0.0003701333,0.00030641558,0.000043391992,0.00002151021,0.00012938504,0.00012749572,0.00019097976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010405463,0.00013262357,0.00003685978,0.000798879,0.00031638844,0.000077702694,0.00009737069,0.00029348294,0.00009018103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001648687,0.006450505,0.08232779,0.00070334616,0.00031992566,0.00022350745,0.008495565,0.00042666995,0.81824607,0.05520777,0.015241191,0.010708968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013421871,0.0044177314,0.059995756,0.001825187,0.00050339533,0.00015419864,0.0019479373,0.13885246,0.7305516,0.04514304,0.0009939142,0.0021928903],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000081667495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026145242,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13842578,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007715785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006756405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5408232},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011067945","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.006135","title":"Recognition of unsegmented targets invariant under transformations of intensity","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Invariant (physics); Optics; Gaussian noise; Linear filter; Disjoint sets; Noise (video); Intensity (physics); Matched filter; Clutter; Filter (signal processing); Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Computer vision; Mathematical analysis; Radar; Image (mathematics); Telecommunications","score_opus":0.024894429763069943,"score_gpt":0.20760627676199253,"score_spread":0.1827118469989226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011067945","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09960931,0.00013042812,0.88013256,0.00017551749,0.000086560925,0.00026563453,0.00003623923,0.00059785874,0.018965911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.880928,0.00019474601,0.11881419,0.000019878711,0.00000436766,0.000008706648,0.000012686341,0.0000131174465,0.000004313545],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994695,0.0000020861416,0.00024845457,0.00006732761,0.00008568655,0.00012691184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967325,0.0000424142,0.000035972258,0.00016379102,0.000062719,0.000021867807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000036727997,0.00008682958,0.00016046908,0.00007678742,0.000016712584,0.0000034882985,0.000090071226,0.000068931666,0.000029579915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024292744,0.00008985642,0.000027276144,0.00018961402,0.00010409839,0.00007397095,0.000017805318,0.00012824558,0.00002083133],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005244012,0.0005578854,0.000054079388,0.0007985286,0.00041980372,0.0000061097994,0.001990025,0.22337861,0.5399308,0.14977375,0.0017929102,0.08124502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006763493,0.00004771082,0.00019845513,0.000055750304,0.00007099586,0.0000059230565,0.0007279466,0.23163371,0.7098127,0.056375872,0.00010835195,0.00028621752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.404918e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.8495585e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78131866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002387701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000018842496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36642385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011237990","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.000153","title":"Depolarization of light in turbid media: a scattering event resolved Monte Carlo study","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Optics; Scattering; Physics; Depolarization; Polarization (electrochemistry); Photon; Light scattering; Anisotropy; Birefringence; Linear polarization; Ray; Mueller calculus; Polarimetry; Laser; Chemistry","score_opus":0.006116943114440152,"score_gpt":0.2083068912935384,"score_spread":0.20218994817909824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011237990","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914439,0.00003227349,0.004647527,0.000033529243,0.00036903864,0.00029718285,0.0000038353196,0.00010734247,0.0030653751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966832,0.000009882673,0.0031511406,0.00001855268,0.00007096056,0.000015845693,0.000005263861,0.00003458936,0.000010592697],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999134,0.000008194307,0.00034348966,0.00013833898,0.00018465046,0.00019132654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956626,0.00004950885,0.000033267523,0.0002487302,0.000028215905,0.00007400019],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015276374,0.00012598306,0.00019028818,0.0001743222,0.00002360571,0.000020761465,0.00013471354,0.000119474265,0.000012383388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039650844,0.00013151023,0.000025435602,0.00040726087,0.000027507343,0.000056610894,0.00004337782,0.00031918782,0.000020464948],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003967776,0.0007911626,0.04687034,0.00021620204,0.00010662847,0.000016103653,0.005583913,0.09007356,0.8407067,0.010378827,0.00007487263,0.0051420145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0074952864,0.00029295462,0.28053045,0.00014333377,0.00026560473,0.000011438114,0.0046879095,0.39926645,0.30166233,0.00196682,0.0014248217,0.0022525943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015553693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001922113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5390444,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002530608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012174291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53628314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011707165","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000733","title":"Design, implementation, and characterization of a kinematically aligned, cascaded spot- array generator for a modulator-based free-space optical interconnect","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Interconnection; Optics; Generator (circuit theory); Free-space optical communication; Free space; Physics; Modular design; Spatial light modulator; Characterization (materials science); Optical interconnect; Optical communication; Computer science; Power (physics); Telecommunications","score_opus":0.012406543721956398,"score_gpt":0.22532642435321246,"score_spread":0.21291988063125605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011707165","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7592456,0.000021355605,0.23952836,0.00016222612,0.00005064556,0.00062358973,0.000050686256,0.00008685269,0.00023073227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8805888,0.000026841793,0.11882527,0.00021235508,0.0000765115,0.00012565682,0.00008459083,0.000048826685,0.0000111281915],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898106,0.000014231134,0.00039464046,0.0002130587,0.00014197803,0.00025503265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993335,0.00019492327,0.000044832504,0.00024176425,0.00006435892,0.00012064347],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016427836,0.00020244114,0.000294059,0.00006052973,0.000048530666,0.000051377745,0.00013347944,0.00011322795,0.00014733039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017330656,0.0001948956,0.00004481992,0.00012871982,0.000056287983,0.000084304695,0.000011273688,0.00006422167,0.000005720297],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059279366,0.000031667212,0.00000840739,0.00019113379,0.00005880983,8.372591e-7,0.00015228671,0.0042186757,0.9823076,0.011043347,0.0000831528,0.0018448152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014155519,0.00010910393,0.00012872308,0.000029367417,0.00009635331,0.0000022572772,0.00014471401,0.12881699,0.8678915,0.0005771947,0.00050142076,0.00028685582],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000021148683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002822866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12459831,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024778672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022627273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7947612},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012795114","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.005304","title":"Simple approach to determining the minimum measurable stress length and stress measurement accuracy in distributed Brillouin sensing","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Laser linewidth; Brillouin scattering; Brillouin zone; Stress (linguistics); Rayleigh scattering; Physics; Length measurement; Frequency shift; Materials science; Computational physics; Optical fiber; Laser","score_opus":0.02471139604250602,"score_gpt":0.2281978549331179,"score_spread":0.20348645889061187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012795114","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95657396,0.00015587117,0.037185833,0.00007555293,0.00008006346,0.0008560089,0.000093376875,0.0002458565,0.004733452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97425836,0.000026977592,0.025393054,0.00006569812,0.000108738204,0.000024057164,0.00004516315,0.00007086348,0.0000071085806],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99823916,0.000022315638,0.000399293,0.00034375011,0.00042325392,0.00057223724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910027,0.00018841909,0.000055699,0.000428818,0.000081659164,0.0001451216],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028845159,0.00030671703,0.00030163414,0.00008038205,0.00011650872,0.00009683817,0.00020421474,0.00010503627,0.000001699464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016579172,0.00027739222,0.00003037068,0.0003034409,0.000043477638,0.000115370174,0.000091137226,0.00030771006,0.000010597171],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020886284,0.0000665513,0.0008511054,0.000077961595,0.000053119507,0.0000033608155,0.0016687744,0.9630036,0.0043328814,0.00030151868,0.00020656676,0.029413708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002588336,0.000044320852,0.014383058,0.00014420901,0.00011144979,0.00001668827,0.007055143,0.9227114,0.046258748,0.00019540798,0.005024871,0.0014663825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008868769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000102133185,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041925866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025032903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001721661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999678},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013666138","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.005887","title":"Graded-index fiber lens proposed for ultrasmall probes used in biomedical imaging","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Optical coherence tomography; Gradient-index optics; Lens (geology); Materials science; Image quality; Optical fiber; Refractive index; Focal length; Fiber; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.012695027987897711,"score_gpt":0.23716858371963326,"score_spread":0.22447355573173555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013666138","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6478846,0.00009164065,0.3175745,0.00042342124,0.00021561801,0.0040458813,0.000038484206,0.0014048177,0.028321022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9539405,0.0000070619217,0.045566615,0.00004501774,0.00009541421,0.00022169574,0.000035199446,0.000060306415,0.000028207949],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985087,0.0000039735487,0.00039984574,0.00027395796,0.00021543918,0.00059807487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992521,0.00024810026,0.000031921456,0.00028959988,0.000039618724,0.00013866051],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003126628,0.00021100094,0.00021286763,0.0002342912,0.000055522814,0.000039862298,0.00023577157,0.00014077299,0.000021143636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023476006,0.00021654445,0.0000672477,0.00061708956,0.00014695886,0.00007453546,0.000022969738,0.00028054748,0.000050728642],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022996716,0.002014005,0.023048839,0.0014657953,0.00032025817,0.00005817583,0.0027598052,0.015838992,0.45192653,0.39540774,0.0026616347,0.10426825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017116569,0.00045432508,0.07134515,0.00038251904,0.00044604458,0.00006618044,0.0033609737,0.38601658,0.34961334,0.08719549,0.07743014,0.006572673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004012204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026869999,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3701776,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006922723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000252978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88304263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014548822","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.003323","title":"Bulk electro-optic deflector-based switches","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Deflection (physics); Optics; Deflection angle; Materials science; Insertion loss; Figure of merit; Physics","score_opus":0.008494248902381795,"score_gpt":0.21525495538756034,"score_spread":0.20676070648517855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014548822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67589515,0.00039948817,0.061468493,0.000045613957,0.00024032008,0.00025845968,0.0000031261816,0.0008346625,0.2608547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98240477,0.000022104989,0.017134706,0.00020154775,0.0001131581,0.000015237423,0.00001014445,0.00005151606,0.000046818757],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988221,0.0000020020734,0.00024072742,0.00017762311,0.00019353713,0.0005640306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993835,0.00015672782,0.000021751312,0.00025669415,0.000024068144,0.00015723697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018880313,0.00020178115,0.00019126409,0.000075518896,0.00005394272,0.000036737096,0.00018926039,0.00013891362,0.00004992798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001284146,0.00019932466,0.00005538729,0.0002506574,0.00006699624,0.00003655089,0.000017465358,0.00025462522,0.00026921518],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011582016,0.00019140751,0.00021129077,0.00030320967,0.00026043644,0.000067394634,0.00023769189,0.04730429,0.3901376,0.55023926,0.0006574573,0.010274117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011245449,0.000113668604,0.002010165,0.000025851376,0.00012396825,0.000012114925,0.00014090858,0.17380093,0.8074779,0.0034524868,0.010724072,0.0009934267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000048993384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001728399,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5467868,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008483664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027340595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81282234},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014551106","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.004483","title":"Crosstalk quantification, analysis, and trends in CMOS image sensors","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Crosstalk; Pixel; CMOS; Image sensor; Materials science; Optics; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.005047413667020165,"score_gpt":0.2244874382071876,"score_spread":0.21944002454016745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014551106","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869463,0.000018077377,0.0012652338,0.00006264291,0.00008979437,0.000044863336,0.000009858821,0.00015940129,0.011403869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919526,0.00002099901,0.0077128587,0.000015461937,0.00003970604,0.0000064773135,0.000032086744,0.000023419041,0.00019638805],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936,0.0000033240103,0.00018599576,0.00017318717,0.00008537577,0.00019208375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995979,0.000030426823,0.000020298452,0.00027622524,0.000018124496,0.000057029927],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000095272735,0.00012182762,0.00016277675,0.00027922602,0.000037700665,0.00008190489,0.000075165786,0.00006909954,0.000045078115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008049117,0.0001294912,0.000034420224,0.000730411,0.000079582125,0.00004811442,0.000014895484,0.00022760766,0.000023597131],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014259972,0.000091757334,0.011230129,0.000058375674,0.0003034769,0.00002274414,0.001954931,0.026132593,0.9000929,0.022107288,0.0008991546,0.037092373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013736397,0.000013384749,0.39413846,0.000007827343,0.00048369862,0.000020702633,0.00077514286,0.4736691,0.11890385,0.0010396356,0.008349599,0.0012249566],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016430016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017064354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7811891,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009795883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000027962028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5280498},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014947925","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.003351","title":"Optical and tribomechanical stability of optically variable interference security devices prepared by dual ion beam sputtering","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ion-surface interactions and analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Sputtering; Humidity; Substrate (aquarium); Polycarbonate; Optics; Optoelectronics; Interference (communication); Microstructure; Ion beam; Dielectric; Beam (structure); Composite material; Thin film; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0128248607315263,"score_gpt":0.2044548332540949,"score_spread":0.19162997252256858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014947925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94868606,0.000036244866,0.043552637,0.000007908738,0.0000959876,0.00012265325,0.000028419272,0.00009901048,0.00737105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97971547,0.000039786606,0.020162718,0.000007934325,0.000023150733,0.000015012981,0.000012511257,0.000018646606,0.000004792374],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898565,0.000010529823,0.00039651233,0.00024053956,0.00013274934,0.00023399842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999422,0.00010909955,0.00004718799,0.00024772546,0.00006531656,0.0001086772],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020635595,0.00016692912,0.00029255063,0.00004381865,0.000041635798,0.00003499075,0.00012219837,0.0001245612,0.00015067808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031369553,0.00016464954,0.000044842778,0.00015398809,0.000072402,0.00011489203,0.000106844855,0.00021776788,0.000007527929],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024333785,0.0007464686,0.0010808317,0.0006641345,0.00054943224,0.0000070042242,0.0027905975,0.001880988,0.9603424,0.029115759,0.00017550118,0.002403531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073700055,0.00027727112,0.00053058076,0.0000927524,0.000337769,0.000018747845,0.0017116927,0.15912704,0.83322304,0.00298327,0.00024712065,0.00071370334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021452388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009715043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15724605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038381524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012937825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6714213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015051162","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006586","title":"F_2-laser-machined submicrometer gratings in thin dielectric films for resonant grating waveguide applications","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Grating; Optics; Laser; Waveguide; Optoelectronics; Guided-mode resonance; Diffraction grating; Dielectric; Reflection (computer programming)","score_opus":0.008517726624669658,"score_gpt":0.2334533615502348,"score_spread":0.22493563492556515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015051162","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9291411,0.00010401488,0.049560867,0.0004310896,0.00011472196,0.0020795623,0.00012308467,0.00024987664,0.018195702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7714329,0.0000041192925,0.22671343,0.0002763145,0.00015722746,0.0007801086,0.00007827234,0.000048571834,0.0005090759],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975857,0.000026820859,0.0008090144,0.000593488,0.0002902424,0.0006947088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986245,0.0005290076,0.0002784633,0.00035840838,0.00011872616,0.00009091957],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077074085,0.000297614,0.00037251762,0.00014421895,0.00035294943,0.00023656657,0.00035923117,0.0001551605,0.000040874755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017191179,0.0002615503,0.00009086482,0.00059243076,0.000097870485,0.000120517834,0.00008563319,0.00024040238,0.000055175304],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031442905,0.00013513597,0.00014706294,0.000056892422,0.0000028313073,0.0000014855974,0.00014877948,0.00035642588,0.8875386,0.10948997,0.00062996196,0.0014614003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020677354,0.0002928987,0.0009538601,0.00006570249,0.00007143699,0.00001056829,0.00033829964,0.056513995,0.8806228,0.051692713,0.0062378547,0.0011321175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001753359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020689583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17715257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006490473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005902958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998367},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015498240","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.004429","title":"The Hertz/VPM polarimeter: design and first light observations","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Polarimeter; Polarization (electrochemistry); Polarimetry; Telescope; Observatory; Waveplate; Solar telescope; Stray light","score_opus":0.0246958222828449,"score_gpt":0.18394227071264696,"score_spread":0.15924644842980207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015498240","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11917255,0.002502804,0.8102866,0.003136265,0.00087401416,0.0010497408,0.000010651317,0.0012914208,0.061676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9457561,0.00094694353,0.052401192,0.00023014042,0.00008965709,0.000017223761,0.0000056411222,0.0000398742,0.00051327166],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945456,0.0000059669796,0.00014912915,0.000093965005,0.00010336282,0.00019300003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950314,0.00019310828,0.00001332502,0.00018727049,0.000020688207,0.000082466366],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007877216,0.0001041141,0.00008748659,0.00003199108,0.00038173902,0.000051260733,0.00010657162,0.000077259785,0.000005455843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002688069,0.0000826363,0.000018624238,0.0002238435,0.00006392003,0.00005315971,0.00002620866,0.00013857917,0.00008243875],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006804408,0.00027924424,0.006659318,0.00021871358,0.000543049,0.000031410895,0.0036058303,0.15671587,0.038492724,0.72498137,0.055205632,0.013198788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016593732,0.00012912793,0.032259285,0.00002892834,0.0001334875,0.000065732835,0.00032855239,0.46760044,0.023876816,0.007919738,0.46456197,0.0014365456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015423609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021268759,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8265835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017477465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009212008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3369811},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015841911","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.004658","title":"Nonlinear filter for pattern recognition invariant to illumination and to out-of-plane rotations","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Invariant (physics); Artificial intelligence; Filter (signal processing); Nonlinear system; Optics; Computer vision; Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition; Computer science; Mathematics; Pattern recognition (psychology); Physics; Feature extraction","score_opus":0.024277062906390732,"score_gpt":0.2497441176124353,"score_spread":0.22546705470604458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015841911","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.073283434,0.0000067313663,0.9243411,0.00018020892,0.00009740461,0.0005078551,0.000062638785,0.00019341127,0.0013272458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.37837058,0.000008135491,0.621329,0.00009667359,0.000014679214,0.00011909202,0.000031613425,0.00001964356,0.000010593371],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995417,0.0000021718663,0.00014672308,0.00011729286,0.000055219538,0.00013690173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996641,0.00009810536,0.000016091057,0.00012540062,0.000051679875,0.000044567973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057704623,0.000085686304,0.0001017725,0.000079916725,0.000023791981,0.000014452103,0.000052118743,0.000051108418,0.000004221427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001726386,0.00009291895,0.000010494893,0.00010013374,0.000021050817,0.000040089657,0.000018266044,0.0000589034,0.000028053328],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004170179,0.00016967047,0.00013225908,0.00047876892,0.000112117836,0.000005062554,0.0026162588,0.054433808,0.19346805,0.02987926,0.0016143147,0.7170487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018936121,0.00044814002,0.00055813213,0.0001581939,0.00014713813,0.000009385292,0.001684643,0.12503396,0.80214375,0.049563818,0.016998637,0.0013606035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.869913e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000062654303,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7156881,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019944579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000035352884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37891248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015934546","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000704","title":"Experimental and numerical analyses of misalignment tolerances in free-space optical interconnects","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Free space; Ray tracing (physics); Light beam; Physics; Beam (structure); Free-space optical communication; Gaussian beam; Gaussian; Optical axis; Geometrical optics; Optical communication","score_opus":0.016773610757935875,"score_gpt":0.2588598853442072,"score_spread":0.2420862745862713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015934546","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97874814,0.0019851788,0.00031636,0.00006012289,0.00006735327,0.000091695256,0.0000038745784,0.000044235385,0.018683046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99268496,0.00011381891,0.0070588547,0.000048700273,0.000035274617,0.00001314634,0.0000023556543,0.00001672434,0.000026168851],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929816,0.000005773919,0.0002210328,0.00015433834,0.0001208904,0.00019982731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965566,0.00007929319,0.000012574197,0.00016117944,0.0000059620284,0.00008535266],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000042968484,0.0001340385,0.00024277702,0.000041763273,0.000011535707,0.000019577814,0.00011428222,0.00007075113,0.00019329457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060862794,0.00012593504,0.00002892659,0.00012299226,0.00008346839,0.00006014338,0.000027731425,0.00009980883,0.000010430499],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000112759844,0.00037608808,0.00034125213,0.00018791444,0.00014944513,0.000035951016,0.0017588472,0.036596928,0.9159869,0.032707125,0.00061100104,0.011135797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009028476,0.000090589805,0.00052289356,0.00005458208,0.000029582132,0.0000063752177,0.001100791,0.041663375,0.95396996,0.0006046203,0.0007494588,0.00030491102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002003117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021435453,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037983082,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024544004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000042124557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5135482},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016138306","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.005105","title":"Strain measurement in a concrete beam by use of the Brillouin-scattering-based distributed fiber sensor with single-mode fibers embedded in glass fiber reinforced polymer rods and bonded to steel reinforcing bars","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Rod; Composite material; Fibre-reinforced plastic; Optical fiber; Fiber; Beam (structure); Glass fiber; Strain (injury); Optics; Core (optical fiber); Fiber optic sensor","score_opus":0.01786546669146255,"score_gpt":0.1999693004982483,"score_spread":0.18210383380678574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016138306","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928183,0.000055414028,0.004493164,0.00017177855,0.000053642936,0.0011882492,0.00020004692,0.00013671644,0.0008827077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838207,0.000005077542,0.015345236,0.00019357863,0.000015393072,0.00006654268,0.000037388018,0.000115787654,0.00040029924],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976184,0.000026854,0.00071079563,0.0004148707,0.00056194613,0.0006671706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99877137,0.00018784724,0.00014118094,0.0006475486,0.00007394664,0.00017810435],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016959595,0.00046073063,0.00053290516,0.00016676147,0.000050924427,0.00006154688,0.00020318855,0.00019127617,0.000033432967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006648577,0.00041711444,0.00005995144,0.00064352824,0.00015421871,0.00014344984,0.00006914311,0.00035931054,0.000008201149],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010523742,0.00000869155,0.000057153775,0.00007527393,0.000048487815,0.0000072171338,0.0006760306,0.75782526,0.24050623,0.0000626975,0.00014780316,0.00047993657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0067061726,0.00027688142,0.0007286783,0.00066879514,0.00012218885,0.000025767944,0.0008160691,0.4330174,0.55443853,0.000006593557,0.0016078427,0.0015851078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004770024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046005156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32480785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038060176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025398256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016297165","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.004329","title":"Distributed modal command for a two-deformable-mirror adaptive optics system","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Deformable mirror; Adaptive optics; Optics; Modal; Physics; Spatial frequency; Modal analysis; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Vibration; Acoustics; Artificial intelligence; Materials science","score_opus":0.017059351622769968,"score_gpt":0.24945611936131276,"score_spread":0.2323967677385428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016297165","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.063941866,0.000014590638,0.8781962,0.00004107094,0.00023496736,0.00093090785,0.00042416345,0.00009574527,0.056120522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.906958,5.3644885e-7,0.09195087,0.000042578336,0.00040068038,0.000033479482,0.00035666843,0.000063217754,0.00019400599],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980734,0.000010554401,0.00051999366,0.00037294367,0.00024777526,0.0007753606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986801,0.00022097312,0.00026130045,0.00037761757,0.00023242585,0.00022756288],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041412993,0.00036218044,0.00043997975,0.000072023315,0.00040496027,0.00009350372,0.00020841605,0.00009628277,0.000006807276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004070021,0.00034975534,0.00016089744,0.00018401703,0.000112969145,0.00009554406,0.00011574678,0.00025696823,0.00003273823],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002633678,0.00012205534,0.00014539137,0.000030830095,0.00020126233,0.00000522625,0.00019728855,0.0029092978,0.001281314,0.9924297,0.000113232054,0.0023010739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011518619,0.00056314445,0.0007584118,0.00023120665,0.0007815521,0.000019151958,0.023056233,0.8991877,0.02520828,0.030934785,0.005276411,0.0024645473],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058451766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011332433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96149486,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012950553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060781935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016712945","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.006787","title":"Sensitivity of a three-mirror cavity to thermal and nonlinear lensing: Gaussian-beam analysis","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Physics; Lens (geology); Laser beam quality; Laser; Beam (structure); Materials science","score_opus":0.010342600520685185,"score_gpt":0.238030270826098,"score_spread":0.22768767030541281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016712945","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98287153,0.0000062714653,0.013138866,0.00011714433,0.000009009215,0.000188985,0.00009946802,0.000059449932,0.003509261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9532651,5.673827e-7,0.04655864,0.000039053168,0.000025202758,0.000011792881,0.00001967141,0.000015148371,0.000064861764],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991842,0.000012004226,0.00018044183,0.0002653202,0.00013154239,0.0002265029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940956,0.000062395324,0.00007262763,0.00037046502,0.000027648673,0.000057284327],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000113734204,0.00015397408,0.00031966958,0.0000831287,0.00009846131,0.0000148639365,0.00008873876,0.000044853747,0.000039748473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023610833,0.00015111118,0.00007260782,0.00046947648,0.00010948142,0.000035907047,0.00011379334,0.00017425818,0.000012625231],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039526264,0.0009890741,0.13556013,0.00004463011,0.0022788998,0.000018739811,0.0013528981,0.08312651,0.21570064,0.03971414,0.00006330427,0.52075577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032495277,0.00045946267,0.28401232,0.000046808298,0.0034241816,0.000008076713,0.0034505236,0.10596189,0.57081246,0.022646612,0.003052158,0.0028759744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016841253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050043407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5178798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012798485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016996815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6162135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017436424","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001968","title":"Partially light-controlled imager based on liquid crystal plate and image intensifier for aurora and airglow measurement","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Image intensifier; Optics; Physics; Airglow; Optical transfer function; Pixel; Detector; Charge-coupled device; Transmittance; Dynamic range","score_opus":0.011780869616186343,"score_gpt":0.19952045934719292,"score_spread":0.18773958973100657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017436424","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91751206,0.00069075014,0.05498556,0.001262877,0.0010412439,0.002259239,0.000036754063,0.0006905836,0.021520957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880124,0.000012733222,0.011245178,0.0003147478,0.00023287645,0.000081149235,0.0000049265323,0.0000585247,0.00003750784],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901026,0.000008717172,0.00021969895,0.00017645414,0.00018960501,0.00039524506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994733,0.00007986031,0.00003256351,0.00018793407,0.00007397701,0.00015237645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033501931,0.00022493275,0.0002924475,0.000060453673,0.00007112564,0.00007019771,0.000051921736,0.00006966815,0.000007191957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005345351,0.00020096119,0.000051370385,0.00004676611,0.00004550465,0.000078293946,0.000020190475,0.00012917859,0.000010469575],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023669282,0.00018197973,0.000077525714,0.0002965603,0.00025516519,0.000009066827,0.0013465142,0.0046795434,0.98147464,0.0026952755,0.003562365,0.0030544482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.029229945,0.00069036375,0.0012328053,0.0001970514,0.00081087585,0.000026358939,0.00068713905,0.51707715,0.41264936,0.0004914853,0.034678016,0.0022294263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.8348484e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014921886,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56882524,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046477955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001577121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.819496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017872915","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.004413","title":"Time-domain optical reflectometry measurements using a frequency comb interferometer","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Reflectometry; Optics; Interferometry; Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; Optical fiber; Time domain; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.026917589821648564,"score_gpt":0.28213487428262174,"score_spread":0.2552172844609732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017872915","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.899178,0.000004900823,0.05496024,0.000042430238,0.00015775111,0.00022507319,0.000012376016,0.00017718732,0.04524204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.70861095,1.391164e-7,0.29114735,0.00003110178,0.00009903308,0.000021276517,0.000012408563,0.000033717817,0.00004403575],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987258,0.000008616166,0.00027615923,0.00033170226,0.00023996478,0.00041779433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991347,0.00005623564,0.00010009997,0.0005563812,0.000063308216,0.00008926323],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014535077,0.0002386599,0.0002603634,0.0001328717,0.000109776905,0.000054540633,0.0003789853,0.00013071904,0.00027469883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000116787305,0.0002309546,0.00006954833,0.00032487494,0.00023079454,0.00010278258,0.00020094951,0.0006333244,0.0002446106],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013367959,0.00014673134,0.0021625166,0.0000065804193,0.000094969604,0.000001916767,0.000055349163,0.000042025993,0.91432893,0.07935401,0.000049284452,0.0037443368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019131874,0.00014189075,0.0005379465,0.000037831916,0.00014215926,0.000007841057,0.0006969485,0.0010740315,0.76461536,0.22895077,0.0006944035,0.0011876583],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000040200252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011957073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2361871,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003837323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033265434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94180554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018159744","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.004140","title":"Optical filters with prescribed optical thickness and refined refractive indices","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Refractive index; Optical filter; Narrowband; Materials science; Filter (signal processing); Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Computer science; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.010093117139234935,"score_gpt":0.19428056127308127,"score_spread":0.18418744413384633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018159744","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7781079,0.00023511352,0.0055598547,0.0001501892,0.000094287556,0.00032916342,0.000010091224,0.00039938698,0.21511406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9616004,0.00022935023,0.037729047,0.00017048088,0.0000697911,0.00005431187,0.000013473711,0.00005133579,0.00008175932],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987069,0.000007929113,0.0002371355,0.0003125902,0.0002985972,0.0004368572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991557,0.0002504934,0.000031160205,0.0002727377,0.000040298564,0.00024963333],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009236206,0.00027255638,0.0003280022,0.0000627424,0.00012475844,0.000048762166,0.00017682031,0.0001970503,0.000022747536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026494656,0.00022074439,0.00002914454,0.0001833313,0.0003784076,0.00015495763,0.00007291506,0.0004479092,0.000048965307],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0028066905,0.0010804267,0.0019283202,0.0015155508,0.0023103915,0.0016951317,0.011555965,0.032003824,0.083321534,0.8308046,0.0033139219,0.02766364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.023587052,0.0029811945,0.15034935,0.00085407397,0.0020908122,0.0032103325,0.0067760986,0.41547972,0.31759882,0.009288163,0.056522768,0.011261627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037317507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000073988554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82151645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041299016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035066812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9001695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018461832","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.005357","title":"Modulation of retroreflection by controlled frustration of total internal reflection","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Retroreflector; Total internal reflection; Optics; Legibility; Reflection (computer programming); Modulation (music); Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Acoustics; Laser","score_opus":0.015780020318945414,"score_gpt":0.21997812592008395,"score_spread":0.20419810560113855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018461832","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6112163,0.00009217712,0.3668711,0.000010517507,0.00024181083,0.0002294353,0.0000040628324,0.00006803135,0.02126654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973956,0.00008350932,0.0022398732,0.0000031954069,0.00004708495,0.000010884399,0.0000096755675,0.000013555723,0.0001966396],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934995,0.0000070872447,0.00032624856,0.0000865543,0.00014232296,0.000087843444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997133,0.000017780565,0.00008610419,0.00010991436,0.000051245606,0.000021681424],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000074065574,0.0000838522,0.00017553013,0.000060887676,0.000018573377,0.00000902166,0.000040427374,0.0000842005,0.00007317268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010426247,0.000084367464,0.000041421314,0.000119455246,0.000019624764,0.000060511382,0.0000052742453,0.00009028654,0.000005929542],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006332691,0.000050505005,0.00004219078,0.000039765277,0.0000536729,1.4860495e-7,0.00021524323,0.16652612,0.81407386,0.004269018,0.0005043737,0.014161805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005759506,0.00008019677,0.0001357302,0.000011992028,0.000020192789,0.0000021381143,0.00003084209,0.68828964,0.31027514,0.00045462858,0.000036209985,0.00008734371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009351198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029377725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5217635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036015208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000019356835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3440405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018760755","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006998","title":"Hybrid imaging using linear retroreflectors","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Retroreflector; Optics; Beam splitter; Bidirectional reflectance distribution function; Plane (geometry); Transverse plane; Computer science; Perpendicular; Ghost imaging; Materials science; Reflectivity; Physics; Laser","score_opus":0.008566461167078961,"score_gpt":0.21810473221692897,"score_spread":0.20953827104985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018760755","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7876674,0.00024410771,0.024378764,0.000014452314,0.00024401043,0.00010919705,0.000006716144,0.0004637128,0.18687166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9722937,0.000013660352,0.027318517,0.00006831979,0.00021430262,0.0000041473604,0.000012464315,0.000043559983,0.00003137639],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992525,0.0000024768374,0.00018144424,0.00013514215,0.00012522643,0.00030322073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997108,0.000028094335,0.000017887958,0.00017243583,0.000016374028,0.00005439818],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005424265,0.00014128804,0.00013689621,0.000046534442,0.00005333645,0.000032310494,0.00011026475,0.000028323788,0.000024263385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000033292126,0.0001436275,0.000037559752,0.00010817445,0.000039448478,0.000053539137,0.000027357246,0.0001523293,0.00006962476],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020842868,0.000099023535,0.0012755586,0.00023745646,0.00009771662,0.00013507747,0.0000955434,0.5242273,0.27373204,0.19447975,0.0019805972,0.0036190797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020516201,0.0000037117072,0.000247986,0.000010770436,0.000030106068,0.000013392272,0.000016768514,0.92872626,0.063206,0.0029813305,0.0042867432,0.0002717525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015190849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020759405,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40449896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006138014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010511823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.585696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018828594","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.008964","title":"Adaptive optics sky coverage modeling for extremely large telescopes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Strehl ratio; Adaptive optics; Optics; Laser guide star; Physics; Telescope; Deformable mirror; Guide star; Wavefront; Optical telescope; Noise (video); Wavefront sensor; Sky; Remote sensing; Computer science; Astronomy","score_opus":0.017954230001654255,"score_gpt":0.23060601381240642,"score_spread":0.21265178381075217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018828594","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04548775,0.000046491117,0.86953044,0.00003373131,0.0001245647,0.0005569493,0.00017763743,0.00005382211,0.08398863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85774195,0.000003957627,0.1403488,0.00006137687,0.00085602334,0.00003488765,0.00017809251,0.00007283154,0.0007020734],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982994,0.000010105029,0.00040703805,0.0004261747,0.00021735312,0.00063990644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991641,0.0001081291,0.00015530021,0.00030481874,0.0001738509,0.00009378784],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016667154,0.0003344335,0.00036023074,0.00006288994,0.00034650211,0.00011532849,0.0001667647,0.00009050844,0.000025621695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003635334,0.00034219,0.00015604857,0.00011614398,0.000046706988,0.000104017796,0.00009783436,0.00020555579,0.000034574387],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000061176455,0.00020534692,0.00009299528,0.000009971314,0.00007580566,0.0000018538339,0.0000813937,0.088513285,0.0014316738,0.90584356,0.00030028127,0.0033826742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017892829,0.00007574917,0.000033216562,0.000028749055,0.00013075152,7.450877e-7,0.0007832547,0.85573685,0.0024250778,0.13399053,0.0043394547,0.0006663402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000051251707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000096132,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8122542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042682255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006488114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018928192","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.002857","title":"Task-specific sensing-introduction","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Computer science; Task (project management); Mahalanobis distance; Information retrieval; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.01245116801971707,"score_gpt":0.19165738458289283,"score_spread":0.17920621656317576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018928192","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.030381264,0.000121229736,0.93315226,0.0019277956,0.0014467498,0.0002484334,5.0153295e-7,0.0009409313,0.03178081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92475307,0.000007002783,0.07388942,0.00008210785,0.0008043057,0.0000037635227,0.000004090141,0.000009097836,0.00044712378],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906135,0.000012043736,0.0001798782,0.00032140134,0.00019969395,0.00022562702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992422,0.00001381531,0.00006929444,0.0005997024,0.0000510081,0.000023977558],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018004252,0.000104322666,0.00011055806,0.00008438232,0.00011512879,0.00005679575,0.000283683,0.00010453759,0.000002840949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000045821953,0.000103995844,0.000027191762,0.00027402284,0.00004962489,0.000069572605,0.00002154958,0.00012332892,0.00026219507],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022135982,0.000027297225,0.000023425024,0.0000032495368,0.0000056018716,0.000004968216,0.000027205904,0.0001918767,0.17357406,0.803776,0.016681703,0.00568238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008134829,0.000054663484,0.0009444541,0.000008263578,0.000015584075,0.00013891103,0.00008315028,0.0070055574,0.5116248,0.039727286,0.43900353,0.0005803043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000052422515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026437679,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8943718,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003684835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009803655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42408276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018983719","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.002907","title":"Photobleaching of a solid photochromic medium by a Gaussian laser beam","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Photochromism; Materials science; Transmittance; Photobleaching; Laser; Gaussian; Physics; Fluorescence","score_opus":0.00953885625478946,"score_gpt":0.21895570972684114,"score_spread":0.2094168534720517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018983719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8164949,0.00041549318,0.00021645678,0.00013182925,0.000040291732,0.00020721233,0.00018464137,0.0001533643,0.18215585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99774975,0.0002637054,0.00028858442,0.00011130209,0.00009246473,0.00013737762,0.000041576775,0.000039757273,0.0012754772],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856615,0.0000036162244,0.00036753097,0.00033062504,0.00026079803,0.00047128426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930936,0.000065959255,0.00009459719,0.00038636485,0.000027326103,0.00011636547],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007404434,0.0002704481,0.0003798603,0.000024639381,0.0001279415,0.000015410315,0.00031081116,0.00017014617,0.00104536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000144626765,0.00027342196,0.00009818112,0.000113932845,0.00014132581,0.00003824084,0.000051593906,0.0003761796,0.000036859823],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038719205,0.0002247247,0.000020353535,0.00021951602,0.00014103674,0.000004178961,0.0006569728,0.00002283043,0.99340236,0.000061231105,0.00502776,0.00018033938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00084845076,0.000023185088,0.00000278053,0.000037971597,0.00007283129,0.0000085556585,0.0002800671,0.00026504227,0.9953533,0.00015961798,0.0026680666,0.00028017277],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000138515325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040525297,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1812549,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048406437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019000501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019028605","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.002369","title":"Systematic errors inherent in the current modeling of the reflected downward flux term used by remote sensing models","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Radiance; Zenith; Radiative transfer; Optics; Radiative flux; Physics; Atmospheric radiative transfer codes; Transmittance; Irradiance; Computational physics; Remote sensing; Geology","score_opus":0.016824234180551467,"score_gpt":0.22653070128307015,"score_spread":0.2097064671025187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019028605","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.816476,0.00006537454,0.17983577,0.00007705177,0.00006842862,0.0008374406,0.0000018878582,0.000020074125,0.0026179599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838465,0.000037237605,0.01594837,0.000098850905,0.000008531809,0.0000059409135,0.0000047727217,0.000023129533,0.000026672293],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983855,0.000055452238,0.00047588936,0.00026264388,0.0005257352,0.00029479704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921983,0.000028284261,0.00017833141,0.00052480097,0.000002812025,0.000045917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002764885,0.00020699005,0.00025363817,0.0000059304944,0.000114579634,0.000020240674,0.00043259026,0.000071414914,0.0000065391073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000863208,0.00012664824,0.00007330524,0.00028013324,0.00017836031,0.0000656176,0.0002210121,0.0002986418,0.000017577491],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006250217,0.000058781185,0.000047866302,0.00015675923,0.0000069921257,8.792941e-7,0.0023182086,0.99283123,0.0029040824,0.00020560317,0.000005378672,0.0014579942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004397312,0.000017440976,0.00012988175,0.00035578824,0.00005425572,0.000005471431,0.0010742595,0.9912426,0.00020522122,0.0062798257,0.0000045381853,0.00019099345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001889178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006835219,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16737048,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038794306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012162822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51645654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019257443","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.003545","title":"Wavelength tuning in optically mode-locked semiconductor fiber ring lasers with linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; Optoelectronics; Lasing threshold; Fiber laser; Optical amplifier; Ring laser; Laser; Semiconductor laser theory; Wavelength; Semiconductor; Physics","score_opus":0.007834388791661229,"score_gpt":0.22895856096276956,"score_spread":0.22112417217110833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019257443","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9733129,0.0000070545866,0.003226301,0.00022269906,0.000019394094,0.00039429977,0.000021714077,0.0002633051,0.022532327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.78989846,0.0000019023526,0.20849808,0.000057127592,0.00015712106,0.000078500496,0.00004008169,0.000068352565,0.0012003757],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982096,0.000010807149,0.0004074172,0.0005091179,0.00023303925,0.00063002575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990543,0.00011985353,0.0001626982,0.00049610314,0.00006207599,0.000104933286],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008908691,0.00037589282,0.0003776583,0.00012171351,0.0001222107,0.00008401686,0.0003387041,0.00013895215,0.00016711102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012180007,0.00034491593,0.000053354204,0.0003354227,0.00015160086,0.00027581505,0.00017275325,0.0007132415,0.00015143966],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005066267,0.0012124241,0.0059616514,0.0001424082,0.00063626247,0.00005406796,0.005981904,0.1485462,0.08982621,0.18955348,0.00045951406,0.55711925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016689356,0.000610409,0.0019778344,0.0006664154,0.00041264415,0.000023978846,0.010313467,0.32227635,0.60552937,0.021618146,0.013507965,0.006374047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029769437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018101842,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5507452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007537894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006440863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019586998","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.003724","title":"Reprogrammable optical phase array","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; CMOS; Optoelectronics; Optical switch; Phase (matter); Diffraction efficiency; Fabrication; Diffraction; Phase modulation; Phase noise; Physics","score_opus":0.010744542636118366,"score_gpt":0.249969199033704,"score_spread":0.2392246563975856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019586998","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13184363,0.0001520563,0.14932048,0.000023479326,0.0002470402,0.000206303,0.0000026910748,0.0006420476,0.71756226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.940757,0.000040927982,0.058774732,0.00009721243,0.00014852184,0.000014050546,0.000010418955,0.000037364793,0.0001197991],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890256,0.0000014910057,0.00024900844,0.00018407631,0.00017007535,0.0004927862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937516,0.00008645944,0.000015063254,0.00029836615,0.00001979859,0.0002051344],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002730174,0.0001526166,0.0001712044,0.000041633455,0.00004665027,0.000042097,0.00015457843,0.000121050565,0.000055163597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014185691,0.00014734927,0.00004581494,0.00018810063,0.00006865233,0.0000489036,0.000021090378,0.00022649407,0.00032535024],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012511203,0.00047194283,0.000037214893,0.00017127182,0.00017933965,0.00011637771,0.00034616844,0.0045531113,0.18964836,0.6651674,0.0007647819,0.13841893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037438336,0.00021831987,0.00027490867,0.000033027118,0.00014463255,0.000042381584,0.00053276564,0.057237845,0.74099565,0.008892981,0.18658553,0.0012981361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.745684e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000033555887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80891335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038748938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009497855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60087293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019974648","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.001630","title":"Inversion of water cloud lidar signals based on accumulated depolarization ratio","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Molar absorptivity; Depolarization ratio; Optics; Depolarization; Inversion (geology); Scattering; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Remote sensing; Materials science; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.007116151472130181,"score_gpt":0.20566877170541967,"score_spread":0.19855262023328948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019974648","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96945494,4.8556853e-7,0.016775902,0.000094052215,0.00012315164,0.00018030184,0.0000018143372,0.000030073788,0.013339248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914697,0.0000011942492,0.007879013,0.00042575668,0.00003927672,0.00000536206,0.00002650293,0.00001534244,0.00013788296],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921066,0.000010896284,0.0001770035,0.00018124093,0.00025057886,0.00016961503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959123,0.000029990135,0.0000654366,0.00024082596,0.000008302268,0.000064224376],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012063418,0.00010797698,0.00010674101,0.0000019000853,0.00008724255,0.0000156663,0.00014605366,0.00012470417,0.0015688107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000085295305,0.000080915226,0.000030467569,0.00011439566,0.00010045388,0.000044624005,0.00006971145,0.00014630576,0.00031469183],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035130506,0.0000885368,0.0051145074,0.0000043875402,0.000003900453,9.135503e-7,0.00015583131,0.047556184,0.94505423,0.00074692623,0.00019504603,0.0010443928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005276077,0.00009475824,0.0035678789,0.0000041033227,0.000020760497,3.131017e-7,0.000038449485,0.16319302,0.8308666,0.0005308624,0.0009646395,0.00019101918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030041978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000092331165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.115636826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002127169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000074461614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993439},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020062575","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.004937","title":"Aircraft-protection radar for use with atmospheric lidars","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Radar; Remote sensing; Environmental science; 3D radar; Radar lock-on; Radar engineering details; Radar imaging; Aerospace engineering; Meteorology; Optics; Geology; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.011344845954417607,"score_gpt":0.19380659198354525,"score_spread":0.18246174602912762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020062575","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7108231,0.000020487169,0.28296068,0.00007377675,0.00016686929,0.00061583915,0.000013688255,0.00053366006,0.004791868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7050636,0.000020558731,0.29427692,0.00006292014,0.00020875543,0.00009842692,0.0000114242,0.000054104916,0.00020328688],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934214,0.0000028097709,0.00012968866,0.00015430633,0.00010284715,0.00026820743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996502,0.000043731176,0.000022145672,0.0001969824,0.000020888247,0.00006606834],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004816984,0.00016053751,0.00013463631,0.000009816169,0.00008124794,0.000054674943,0.00007829698,0.00010616934,0.00002176006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000044421217,0.0001480794,0.000030952076,0.00014635791,0.000018304972,0.00012742543,0.000008070715,0.00016386161,0.000078455414],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003742163,0.00013749635,0.000051605915,0.00020481703,0.00026277313,0.000007769713,0.00054577406,0.75321174,0.16438226,0.016071888,0.0027168184,0.06203285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019116115,0.00027344297,0.00019673884,0.000027030179,0.000106751955,0.000021887909,0.000098066645,0.37238434,0.496443,0.0004235568,0.12734565,0.00076793274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000044195817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038961072,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3808274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080555066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015778032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6038503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020137917","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.004631","title":"Design and characterization of a versatile reference instrument for rapid, reproducible specular gloss measurements","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Color Science and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Gloss (optics); Specular reflection; Optics; Materials science; Standardization; Reproducibility; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Physics; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.05996798067393146,"score_gpt":0.26252014263009726,"score_spread":0.2025521619561658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020137917","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75032324,0.000005390377,0.24509741,0.00023122731,0.000018601075,0.00082730385,0.000018860697,0.000012384459,0.0034656029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95033216,0.000004802993,0.049339097,0.000024141587,0.000059748098,0.000144701,0.00004038426,0.000005178667,0.00004978241],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943346,0.000004809061,0.00014438314,0.00020796609,0.000100494406,0.0001088837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995978,0.000014770756,0.00008891377,0.00021441172,0.000052176943,0.00003194414],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018673578,0.000064898544,0.0000876281,0.000021762204,0.000074801756,0.000021322203,0.00008451066,0.000016420774,0.000029795432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000017889249,0.00006449057,0.000014462903,0.00009702504,0.000032872074,0.000062167375,0.000026384407,0.000027653472,0.0000066752805],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003310745,0.00017406934,0.000683334,0.000013430322,0.000033127024,1.3129052e-8,0.0004140029,0.00050511525,0.80852896,0.082305655,0.000054298274,0.10725488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010006881,0.00009446813,0.0020861414,0.000013737742,0.000058876103,1.7684643e-7,0.00019807601,0.0099550765,0.97183436,0.004444823,0.010089612,0.00022393654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003191325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.2771951e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20000896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012093166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031728625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2629849},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020868955","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.005652","title":"Variability of observed low-altitude astronomical refraction (LAAR) from different geographic locations: progress toward a global map of LAAR variability","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sunset; Refraction; Altitude (triangle); Latitude; Standard deviation; Geology; Geodesy; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Physics; Astronomy; Optics","score_opus":0.01918054540654628,"score_gpt":0.23985585755198857,"score_spread":0.22067531214544228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020868955","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820363,0.000012168445,0.015771063,0.00036005158,0.00010606204,0.0007178609,0.00019242833,0.000054120956,0.0007499611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9579103,0.000010515263,0.04178339,0.000028694822,0.000057312383,0.000090667774,0.00010264949,0.00001239092,0.000004071121],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99762124,0.00014613384,0.0008384926,0.0006380717,0.00041116154,0.00034491328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982926,0.00029853385,0.00032592044,0.00088993437,0.00003782588,0.00015513413],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008764395,0.00025457086,0.00045470218,0.000022291284,0.00007269844,0.000022078972,0.00041071806,0.00023158095,0.00064118294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006504311,0.00024253223,0.00014619928,0.00016866786,0.0006601817,0.00016472611,0.0003585528,0.00021585113,0.000049230424],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036791782,0.00446788,0.9306381,0.00020543582,0.000115501,2.2050124e-7,0.00035267323,0.03156742,0.010614707,0.0173574,0.00003235137,0.0042803925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009822786,0.00009110959,0.93754303,0.000029637524,0.00016241426,4.014601e-7,0.00010635238,0.03741872,0.003606722,0.01953466,0.00019758464,0.00032709906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038621188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019966248,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026012326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004569869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003898718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9890177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021688092","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.004121","title":"Active optical system for variable view imaging of micro objects with emphasis on kinematic analysis","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Workspace; Kinematics; Computer science; Tracing; Computer vision; Ray tracing (physics); Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Forward kinematics; Prism; Optics; Machine vision; Inverse kinematics; Robot; Physics","score_opus":0.01180503146404866,"score_gpt":0.2474784134221291,"score_spread":0.23567338195808044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021688092","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0039202697,0.000035516096,0.98710304,0.000060110786,0.000040911837,0.00034114867,0.0000043044074,0.00009023588,0.008404477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.48921484,0.0000063556095,0.51060027,0.000110776695,0.000012054135,0.000023396078,0.000002757128,0.000009697034,0.000019853826],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875826,0.000014695999,0.00029623037,0.00037900617,0.0002680505,0.00028377512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987585,0.00028022873,0.00017595157,0.00054903055,0.00014803476,0.0000882374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014679173,0.00017405486,0.00043712874,0.00020079933,0.00014891301,0.000039045335,0.00040121994,0.00002902846,0.0000024183016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024464245,0.00013977001,0.0000874838,0.0010362874,0.00007202621,0.00016169056,0.00009142683,0.000090194546,0.000008106915],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037954075,0.0008936218,0.0004039269,0.0013706662,0.0014842298,0.00009506502,0.003991409,0.066822715,0.070179336,0.7679283,0.00018241606,0.08626876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023009477,0.00022487398,0.00066707603,0.00033907493,0.0006702898,0.000096445,0.0009878388,0.86029017,0.13236204,0.001029963,0.00034446968,0.00068678893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000024115684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.7991688e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79346746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006357881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000068739806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56996554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022478216","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.001112","title":"Application of a mid-infrared fiber bundle in remote measurement of gas concentrations in a chemical vapor deposition chamber","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Chemical vapor deposition; Infrared; Optical fiber; Deposition (geology); Bundle; Fiber; Optoelectronics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Physics; Composite material; Environmental chemistry","score_opus":0.01016557991435091,"score_gpt":0.23711508978456025,"score_spread":0.22694950987020934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022478216","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92467904,0.000058687314,0.001813922,0.00007623482,0.000005037547,0.00037499814,0.000024048852,0.00003160693,0.072936416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936485,0.000036796202,0.005907791,0.000021696645,0.000027901568,0.00014094099,0.00011508083,0.000015914648,0.00008537818],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879754,0.000007255858,0.0005077252,0.00023801722,0.0002583086,0.0001911403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993555,0.000039530012,0.0001299581,0.0003617181,0.000065602544,0.000047713427],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000116539886,0.00012398236,0.00021312512,0.000046202393,0.000021683576,0.00000671079,0.000109285895,0.00013905276,0.0004949597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009884685,0.00014390724,0.00003862225,0.00029460853,0.000070697824,0.00003258217,0.000014977004,0.00015179686,0.000026076406],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011416794,0.0005548501,0.00026117548,0.0000832966,0.000015645996,6.0991454e-7,0.0003493557,0.0010905187,0.9903165,0.0022450183,0.00003340702,0.0049354467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001083439,0.000013187142,0.00044154303,0.000048463786,0.00002934273,0.0000030535396,0.000099368466,0.011954504,0.9839312,0.0017402731,0.0005129313,0.00014272377],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017195928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007199892,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07285104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015506557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000064821026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5868367},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022577624","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.001669","title":"Conversion of the Nikon C1 confocal laser-scanning head for multiphoton excitation on an upright microscope","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Parks Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Microscope; Confocal; Fluorescence; Laser; Two-photon excitation microscopy; Microscopy; Photon counting; Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy; Confocal microscopy; Machining; Excitation; Laser scanning; Optoelectronics; Photon; Physics","score_opus":0.010335389540217713,"score_gpt":0.28916195241002496,"score_spread":0.2788265628698072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022577624","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9207054,0.000022291975,0.07790032,0.000054973953,0.00009732107,0.00070037023,0.0000341978,0.000023276343,0.00046187092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.895139,0.000023186283,0.10425008,0.00029953703,0.00004701128,0.00004463523,0.000115640716,0.000025901752,0.000055041335],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927944,0.000011063265,0.00017794746,0.0002598348,0.00009309334,0.00017863813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941355,0.000013724835,0.000116917916,0.0003359811,0.00007912795,0.000040682797],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000913744,0.00013661728,0.00011830863,0.000023169163,0.000100106816,0.000011050617,0.0002026648,0.00015674009,0.0000013822948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024542042,0.00011255087,0.00005500137,0.000057793983,0.00015064998,0.000004632746,0.00005450581,0.0000861872,0.0000022292588],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023189395,0.00007728678,0.00006534737,0.000027197204,0.000007940342,1.8163753e-7,0.00008736216,0.00076461234,0.99661,0.0016682419,0.00008470149,0.00037523767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000914684,0.00036650477,0.00016162984,0.000035809593,0.000011515584,0.0000010805499,0.000106816056,0.00010806429,0.9948292,0.0005169244,0.0028137811,0.00013398686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010164987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000991318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026349759,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037309477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057368918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45896915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022817258","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006525","title":"Array illuminator with arbitrary fan-out","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Talbot effect; Physics; Plane (geometry); Computer science; Topology (electrical circuits); Diffraction; Mathematics","score_opus":0.004251272508896603,"score_gpt":0.1681702710318336,"score_spread":0.163918998522937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022817258","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.030807955,0.00011747006,0.5608493,0.00001937883,0.00014662041,0.0003466918,0.0000069241114,0.00072547205,0.40698016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88784206,0.000005547154,0.11137442,0.000039818067,0.00019923564,0.000060414153,0.0000119200995,0.0000835894,0.00038300068],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899286,0.0000045765587,0.00022517022,0.000200548,0.00020778236,0.00036904836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994898,0.00006679479,0.000027635979,0.00030187189,0.000022851556,0.00009105511],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000052857748,0.00022005892,0.00022185112,0.000041726875,0.000045271358,0.000031686963,0.00014487535,0.00010379879,0.000021493259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000032566647,0.0001937885,0.000030241803,0.00014871107,0.00007107939,0.000069106325,0.000010928206,0.00019080848,0.0003020614],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006924765,0.00015958444,0.00038285612,0.00039933177,0.00015864125,0.00012284302,0.00033553987,0.07827229,0.33785108,0.57608676,0.002728146,0.0034336748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035016073,0.00026308978,0.002036394,0.00017836709,0.00022122405,0.0000916167,0.0006034395,0.009854022,0.88809997,0.03599983,0.055738088,0.0034123794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000017301053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006088415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8570341,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000064662294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012047099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79024655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023278869","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.000083","title":"Performance of two-stage discrete fiber Raman amplifiers with and without all-optical gain clamping","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Optical amplifier; Amplifier; Clamping; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Optical fiber; Fiber; Optoelectronics; Fiber optic sensor; Physics; Computer science; Laser","score_opus":0.009837444655380346,"score_gpt":0.22555423179849263,"score_spread":0.2157167871431123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023278869","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96428,0.0000582221,0.008439042,0.00006723186,0.000017221724,0.0002295238,0.0000032117039,0.00043913347,0.026466392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8387303,0.000104706574,0.16091633,0.000035097844,0.000048004287,0.000019447398,0.000004628874,0.000045741865,0.0000957443],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989599,0.000003511719,0.00024652213,0.00020884332,0.00017762723,0.0004035709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946696,0.00006204029,0.000036428228,0.00032660543,0.000019284107,0.000088677494],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000109373424,0.00021938112,0.00027257056,0.00006110133,0.00004084573,0.000032660508,0.00016585342,0.0001309125,0.000015292399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008482702,0.00018793976,0.000022014834,0.00014746873,0.00029809313,0.00009513454,0.000086990774,0.0003216749,0.000022440134],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001233091,0.000037104855,0.00382438,0.0003004456,0.00020860386,0.000003815915,0.00028528544,0.81769586,0.0074457354,0.14425758,0.00011469701,0.025703201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016286906,0.00020461768,0.00083132356,0.00011001576,0.0001235021,0.000014987869,0.00028988504,0.97044164,0.022436928,0.00030176397,0.0028563475,0.0007602942],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.0992e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000050316553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1527458,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003982641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007880181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7663961},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023473604","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.000b99","title":"Pathogen identification with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: the effect of bacterial and biofluid specimen contamination","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Contamination; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Escherichia coli; Microbiology; Bacteria; Staphylococcus; Pathogen; Biology; Spectroscopy; Staphylococcus aureus; Ecology","score_opus":0.00478980921706265,"score_gpt":0.19729725551955138,"score_spread":0.19250744630248873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023473604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949536,0.000035084,0.00063179893,0.000020161991,0.00028871858,0.0004797231,0.000031375053,0.000086791115,0.0034727931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998958,0.00003450275,0.0005393597,0.0000069477155,0.00028058552,0.00004626261,0.00008157568,0.000034565157,0.000018193234],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916077,0.000033855118,0.00022013218,0.00013959098,0.00017151238,0.00027415177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939996,0.0001602487,0.00007488924,0.0002720734,0.000020025569,0.00007278622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035350653,0.00019317164,0.00021231393,0.00005039938,0.00007977678,0.00004878712,0.00011495644,0.00010592829,0.00003290151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011082725,0.00013293175,0.000024858697,0.00015075778,0.000050741324,0.00013474868,0.000022272226,0.00015230257,0.000033398668],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009636116,0.000017085009,0.00052830786,0.00005409565,0.000053787953,5.879242e-7,0.00040666832,0.00005105082,0.99589205,0.001402321,0.000059179558,0.0014384986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006632764,0.00018312351,0.0066143987,0.000010943288,0.000105519466,0.000008424211,0.00005575083,0.00062751083,0.99121296,0.000030662468,0.00032473056,0.00016268619],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004405235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008010032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006086091,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004769482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009143905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5420799},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023497707","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.005691","title":"Intrinsic properties of the optical coupling between axisymmetric Gaussian beams","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Gaussian; Rotational symmetry; Physics; Coupling (piping); Basis (linear algebra); Optical fiber; Gaussian beam; Transverse plane; Computational physics; Beam (structure); Materials science; Mechanics; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.014768289878528771,"score_gpt":0.19892324206164078,"score_spread":0.184154952183112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023497707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9590182,0.00038009623,0.0028031494,0.000107432075,0.00017039849,0.00029097198,0.0000043807804,0.00015318661,0.037072204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99634355,0.000056871464,0.00340833,0.000033038832,0.00010188559,0.000015570782,0.0000019117726,0.000027814809,0.0000109948305],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901503,0.0000021036142,0.00029882768,0.00013965578,0.0002466824,0.0002976806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995015,0.000045941804,0.00003413099,0.00030022985,0.0000302038,0.00008794334],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010426554,0.00016105828,0.00024586447,0.00006363573,0.00006396659,0.000027113192,0.00031414328,0.00011990987,0.0000041609496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032215503,0.000109407796,0.000066183246,0.00047874125,0.00015153644,0.000045335622,0.00009361456,0.00028145075,0.000040698862],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002272508,0.00014060177,0.0008180466,0.0006467928,0.00029609486,0.000004971821,0.00071205467,0.27030775,0.038373213,0.6786699,0.000019647076,0.009988186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016507718,0.000094488045,0.015537353,0.0002873995,0.00028027303,0.000007814569,0.0004933217,0.019553283,0.953179,0.0070593962,0.0010394626,0.00081741787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000064255446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023598775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9148058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070555114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003730455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44615206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023878987","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.004638","title":"Deconvolution of axisymmetric flame properties using Tikhonov regularization","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Numerical methods in inverse problems","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":183,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Tikhonov regularization; Deconvolution; Regularization (linguistics); Blind deconvolution; Inverse problem; Rotational symmetry; Optics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Algorithm; Applied mathematics; Physics; Computer science; Geometry; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.09078927437639095,"score_gpt":0.30267072881689955,"score_spread":0.2118814544405086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023878987","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21858346,0.000074462165,0.7601801,0.00002483446,0.00019071547,0.0004966123,0.0000030998228,0.00012029974,0.020326372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.434278,0.0000049091273,0.5653885,0.00001256166,0.0000734319,0.000011977743,0.0000032018422,0.000028359114,0.00019904942],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873316,0.000047319518,0.00051495875,0.00020538157,0.00027051172,0.00022869345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900645,0.00019119219,0.0003140222,0.00032596575,0.00012924655,0.000033120657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004201498,0.00014987228,0.00028139446,0.00017555292,0.000071212315,0.000020706904,0.00014858821,0.00013508848,0.000016707443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002813246,0.00013856571,0.00005487472,0.00066142826,0.00012988987,0.0000715823,0.00007472277,0.00011808151,0.000012877821],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020741962,0.00015261708,0.00015122906,0.00023419788,0.000027059816,5.8822394e-7,0.00009877105,0.0017624177,0.1673244,0.8277808,0.00010452809,0.0023426716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037492893,0.000031475945,0.000060750226,0.000046572903,0.00009559797,0.0000047167937,0.00008736684,0.038007416,0.20855637,0.75231797,0.00018723588,0.00022959092],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032374726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014761098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21569453,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010360306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041022584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56505454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024805048","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.004730","title":"Dual-spatial integration for longitudinal localization of inclusions in turbid media","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Scattering; Detector; Mammography; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.015931261532324825,"score_gpt":0.30443901761349623,"score_spread":0.2885077560811714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024805048","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3072562,0.00005052946,0.6679176,0.00075737026,0.00007682017,0.0010425387,0.000019635094,0.00016475639,0.022714514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95009136,0.00007073809,0.049386047,0.00012522808,0.00008813518,0.000043529544,0.00011134166,0.000014804293,0.00006881978],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992939,0.0000063037987,0.00026506928,0.00014931969,0.00014584127,0.00013952772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996126,0.00008305509,0.000037437716,0.00014881506,0.00006861699,0.000049459817],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013266668,0.00008930765,0.00020559017,0.000088264365,0.000033658558,0.0000076592105,0.000037046153,0.000087276065,0.0000906711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000081445585,0.00007806381,0.000035325127,0.00016761031,0.00007514462,0.0000284103,0.000016110107,0.000117701326,0.000005352395],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0032841905,0.004064351,0.026037164,0.00069468655,0.00014842057,0.000042292104,0.006827767,0.0027188424,0.22467126,0.2603555,0.005359046,0.46579647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065103965,0.0014398281,0.026942212,0.00061232666,0.00042345695,0.00003638809,0.00052686373,0.30834362,0.6097022,0.041902546,0.0028437593,0.0007163586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049221893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053315023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64283514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004885601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040121085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31833497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024829062","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.002840","title":"Inclusion characterization in a scattering slab with time-resolved transmittance measurements: perturbation analysis","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Scattering; Transmittance; Slab; Materials science; Diffusion equation; Perturbation (astronomy); Light scattering; Forward scatter; Time domain; Attenuation coefficient; Physics; Computational physics","score_opus":0.005615713134851105,"score_gpt":0.1776129191775965,"score_spread":0.1719972060427454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024829062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.797447,0.000030994845,0.19372839,0.000035978795,0.00001936345,0.00022355479,0.000010417736,0.00016785071,0.008336446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953611,0.00004688456,0.0041567045,0.000085310916,0.000026724376,0.000033709548,0.0001307389,0.00002906894,0.00012975962],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991769,0.00000778319,0.00020644242,0.00017280596,0.00021777216,0.00021827285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974036,0.000017678343,0.000023292425,0.00016035313,0.000019892115,0.00003842051],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000121932324,0.00014680269,0.00018759891,0.0001393372,0.000084226565,0.00003089331,0.00009920757,0.00005062896,0.00015818473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022579864,0.00014353088,0.000027088947,0.0006511236,0.00001914899,0.00012107696,0.000011768225,0.000110506524,0.00002275059],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045959678,0.00003675167,0.0005257572,0.000038698177,0.00012274053,0.000002700244,0.0017680984,0.26071775,0.71005607,0.000024455992,0.0000035220917,0.02665749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010117961,0.00001666748,0.010482419,0.00007376447,0.00030163545,0.0000025403692,0.000046199264,0.9644266,0.022744613,0.00005296223,0.00042615656,0.00041464187],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004094302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009729244,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7037089,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010822585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010880108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.585302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025074732","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.002888","title":"Lau array illuminator","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Grating; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Talbot effect; Amplitude; Physics; Spatial coherence; Coherence theory; Spatial frequency; Diffraction grating; Coherence length; Laser","score_opus":0.006205470722188611,"score_gpt":0.18697685836116226,"score_spread":0.18077138763897366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025074732","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04122352,0.00012836255,0.7384039,0.000056956906,0.00039898316,0.00036692928,0.0000055071846,0.0010208632,0.21839494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90714747,0.000014748454,0.09249838,0.000052463827,0.000117944,0.000037340884,0.000003403408,0.000053258405,0.000075003],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923027,0.000002260918,0.00018111756,0.00014337288,0.00014624659,0.00029674303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995621,0.000034692628,0.000015700649,0.0002554955,0.000017049635,0.00011499403],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055264474,0.0001506255,0.00016134181,0.000031852393,0.000037354,0.000020016834,0.0001388626,0.000094042494,0.000020638112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011610802,0.00015213428,0.00003203274,0.00014985005,0.000042995627,0.000049515613,0.000012839718,0.00014352288,0.0007591383],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000070134097,0.000042285268,0.000011971406,0.00010747601,0.00004901427,0.000021036367,0.00030601092,0.2900825,0.12951107,0.57650834,0.00019129588,0.0031619468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044972147,0.00016697458,0.0005163574,0.00015337383,0.000127958,0.00007146177,0.0009530704,0.004972228,0.79724264,0.13204369,0.05648602,0.0027690358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.498652e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012935238,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86592394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012053617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011091971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97574407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025537480","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.006827","title":"Tunable ring laser using a tapered single mode fiber tip","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Laser linewidth; Optics; Fiber laser; Laser; Band-pass filter; Optical amplifier; Ring laser; Tunable laser; Bandwidth (computing); Optoelectronics; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.017015923372741215,"score_gpt":0.22739927237163587,"score_spread":0.21038334899889466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025537480","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83373564,0.000094118375,0.033768136,0.00002995966,0.00018906927,0.00031165857,0.00000765678,0.0008787615,0.13098499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8085611,0.000010019839,0.19061595,0.000103736194,0.00015030721,0.000005645978,0.000007669987,0.00007462559,0.00047097262],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988424,0.000003964268,0.00025079268,0.00023352957,0.00017763372,0.0004916376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994056,0.000046380763,0.000033546654,0.00037331757,0.000028346733,0.0001127822],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004346081,0.00024333777,0.00023495198,0.000076519376,0.000075034885,0.00004741609,0.00014350675,0.00013355797,0.00005861219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012516441,0.00027779705,0.000047802736,0.00022731908,0.00002809857,0.00011905628,0.000026483443,0.00021786349,0.0001842953],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000784327,0.000033790628,0.0000020614398,0.00001533283,0.0000200723,0.0000105358595,0.0001657729,0.863321,0.13174526,0.0011968389,0.00009989187,0.0033815873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088832557,0.000041511445,0.000056706423,0.000044455763,0.000068724796,0.0000300607,0.00018670378,0.8502069,0.13935626,0.0034192323,0.0048914296,0.0008096669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000021549515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011039505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15684782,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015623022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001018784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999674},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025658131","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.005382","title":"Calibration method using a single retarder to simultaneously measure polarization and fully characterize a polarimeter over a broad range of wavelengths","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Polarizer; Polarimeter; Waveplate; Polarimetry; Polarization (electrochemistry); Retarder; Wavelength; Stokes parameters; Materials science; Calibration; Physics; Birefringence; Scattering; Laser","score_opus":0.029340687860286818,"score_gpt":0.22889859978641278,"score_spread":0.19955791192612596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025658131","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41557685,0.00004906576,0.58156836,0.000016296339,0.000111283574,0.00035683668,0.000030684292,0.0001361747,0.0021544297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80451834,0.000004439467,0.1951627,0.00016817448,0.00004773734,0.000003505517,0.000015644087,0.00005144857,0.000028027049],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989627,0.000027558499,0.00034604158,0.00021211185,0.00021033562,0.00024126496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999436,0.000064204796,0.000060281385,0.0002107026,0.000082638806,0.00014616417],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016773671,0.00019762584,0.00026636914,0.00018548418,0.000049748636,0.000043888358,0.000086822576,0.0002026824,0.00004926802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000079963094,0.00020693091,0.000039098188,0.00040794714,0.000031022308,0.00015722994,0.00004235491,0.00015584903,0.000008045254],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011137218,0.00011451258,0.0011457138,0.00015816116,0.000109101326,0.0000034924983,0.0024720884,0.0016726747,0.98226184,0.0040327716,0.000012722661,0.007905549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001828113,0.0002778238,0.014336364,0.000106751235,0.00036832638,0.00003301408,0.00032303378,0.840309,0.1400315,0.00068988855,0.000509067,0.0011870752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035170742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000062636122,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8422303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039899795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016210586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84383976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027236797","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.004368","title":"Effect of encoder–decoder mismatch due to wavelength and time misalignments on the performance of two-dimensional wavelength–time optical code-division multiple access systems","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"graph theory and CDMA systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Wavelength; Encoder; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Computer science; Code (set theory); Division (mathematics); Optoelectronics; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.006793715217047603,"score_gpt":0.2198129741104752,"score_spread":0.2130192588934276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027236797","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963085,0.000050260216,0.00023012926,0.000024674224,0.00015325268,0.0008829218,0.000036885816,0.00007866853,0.0022346936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989798,0.000007096458,0.00069739064,0.000026391268,0.00006559267,0.00007398333,0.000012226088,0.000054645894,0.0000828398],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99829036,0.00008611815,0.0005520307,0.00027830785,0.00044627703,0.00034688946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99813694,0.0011309651,0.0001012445,0.0004413854,0.000051217332,0.0001382433],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009259482,0.00031816086,0.00056311284,0.00009912226,0.000093936666,0.000039602106,0.00034628942,0.00013976441,0.000025768057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036112786,0.00022874678,0.00006842784,0.00017786594,0.00008466137,0.00008789884,0.00011775041,0.00020036827,0.00014241898],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051476614,0.00022521963,0.00045496057,0.0013031027,0.00035103923,0.0000050518465,0.0008807033,0.779978,0.19749469,0.007602,0.0007877962,0.010402685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009562152,0.00027140632,0.00019218789,0.00022436793,0.0000483795,0.000014148751,0.00002329359,0.78346163,0.21447186,0.000025033489,0.000063145984,0.00024836068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003634389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.0274573e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016977165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004140206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011092804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9328023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027249617","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.004497","title":"Confined diffusion in tubular structures analyzed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on a mirror","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cegep de Saint Jerome","funders":"","keywords":"Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; Optics; Diffusion; Photon diffusion; Materials science; Spectroscopy; Range (aeronautics); Fluorescence; Physics; Molecular physics","score_opus":0.0035733351261708814,"score_gpt":0.23778746307357157,"score_spread":0.23421412794740068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027249617","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95107186,0.00013915745,0.045410074,0.00005648547,0.0000811671,0.00057630276,0.000033842873,0.00006845691,0.002562666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90039515,0.000087825785,0.09864989,0.0001157692,0.000071256276,0.00003864384,0.0004562113,0.00003570989,0.00014952855],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876744,0.000021243342,0.00028036608,0.00045498158,0.00016487387,0.00031107408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994763,0.000013914739,0.00011001241,0.00031931128,0.00003505872,0.00004539122],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007733975,0.00023335384,0.00018954332,0.00007339146,0.00006639758,0.000026218251,0.00019997192,0.00023213758,0.000013813853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023511957,0.00023276912,0.00004296053,0.00015601734,0.00011408334,0.0000036161869,0.00006272034,0.00018447544,0.000007971577],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015149597,0.000089037305,0.0011096082,0.0000066028074,0.0000047588433,0.0000037954144,0.000011035538,0.00012811345,0.9939295,0.003080905,0.0013162461,0.00016887716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068116945,0.00015890603,0.0033203547,0.000014057611,0.000008818957,0.0000026845069,0.000018053906,0.00047263532,0.99230784,0.001645838,0.0011118711,0.0002577781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005909321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021719869,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.053239815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046731046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002573436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9492049},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027733757","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.007334","title":"Viewing angle enhancement for two- and three-dimensional holographic displays with random superresolution phase masks","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. John’s Health Sciences Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Holography; Viewing angle; Pixel; Optics; Holographic display; Computer science; Bandwidth (computing); Image quality; Miniaturization; Stereo display; Liquid-crystal display; Phase (matter); Spatial light modulator; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Physics; Image (mathematics); Materials science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.009805341241541624,"score_gpt":0.23509288152884747,"score_spread":0.22528754028730585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027733757","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35759065,0.0005257289,0.64034617,0.00004170534,0.000060132967,0.00044145845,0.00001044206,0.00041094047,0.00057280203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7965146,0.000016806938,0.20315029,0.000020372956,0.00004674598,0.00017609482,0.00003692078,0.000031695377,0.000006526544],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991471,0.0000023468622,0.00018374925,0.00022382679,0.000115429044,0.00032750666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995939,0.00010757536,0.000025400821,0.00019524172,0.00004161062,0.000036231413],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000082001534,0.0001892396,0.00020647651,0.000075404765,0.000098780736,0.000027649347,0.000083843974,0.00006701624,0.0000023959485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015349888,0.00016368502,0.000028501452,0.00014629627,0.00017562517,0.000079926365,0.000041173786,0.0001372883,0.0000027332476],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010396132,0.0006363936,0.0007822844,0.00040097872,0.0003191922,0.000033848606,0.000107675274,0.39943975,0.39430106,0.1592535,0.0013768504,0.042308874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02100101,0.00042148615,0.00036258303,0.00011530396,0.0002909129,0.000023448001,0.00006397451,0.8233746,0.108049035,0.042262364,0.0029272859,0.0011079872],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000030524739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010911672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43892393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003111702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005060049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6674881},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027865491","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.00c219","title":"OpenFilters: open-source software for the design, optimization, and synthesis of optical filters","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":245,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Software; Reflection (computer programming); Optics; Python (programming language); Physics","score_opus":0.0252141310522934,"score_gpt":0.2217825167348054,"score_spread":0.196568385682512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027865491","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.002354489,0.00020644367,0.9924444,0.00007852493,0.000057722635,0.00078748283,0.00001600892,0.00009465773,0.0039603016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4684871,0.00054007024,0.5304431,0.00013068941,0.000031789696,0.00025482848,0.000005757088,0.00005105778,0.000055633842],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992361,0.0000082263905,0.00024428454,0.00016765532,0.000117104195,0.0002266048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99808586,0.0014779789,0.00003573344,0.0002628374,0.000055920744,0.00008168117],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018208384,0.00015503983,0.00024811458,0.000028221784,0.00014883825,0.000055655215,0.0004262299,0.00008460731,0.000023068005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014945345,0.000117424046,0.000032494696,0.00013731443,0.0001912039,0.00009540747,0.00012955077,0.000089117595,0.0000044588605],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005809039,0.000047050435,0.00001714355,0.00011022608,0.0001401068,0.0000017284882,0.00030828008,0.98388374,0.00047073935,0.008579627,0.001014283,0.005368981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007584868,0.000059158046,0.000110644636,0.0000395479,0.00014643757,0.000019243027,0.00029059968,0.96438706,0.031156387,0.00024710485,0.0024578404,0.00032751536],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003197161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.1745274e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4661326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016782085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026967396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47884136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027885531","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.003962","title":"Depth resolution and multiexponential lifetime analyses of reflectance-based time-domain fluorescence data","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lawson Health Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Fluorophore; Autofluorescence; Fluorescence; Optics; Materials science; Resolution (logic); Time domain; Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy; Biological system; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.08707213753912103,"score_gpt":0.35855153737405654,"score_spread":0.2714793998349355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027885531","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5938439,0.0006934082,0.29315194,0.0005259383,0.000105960855,0.0015568794,0.000094211384,0.00084116164,0.10918661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5662453,0.000036783924,0.43352002,0.000062427884,0.00003162266,0.0000054771326,0.0000532817,0.00001395619,0.000031096322],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989541,0.00002093604,0.00027292545,0.00032101187,0.00021594865,0.0002150382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989809,0.00005207656,0.00009164325,0.00070338766,0.0000624498,0.00010956454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023582898,0.00013661313,0.00029707127,0.000094702686,0.00004538743,0.000010643714,0.00017609332,0.00008708184,0.000034544602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000075014636,0.00011947947,0.00003058477,0.00016595678,0.00028781628,0.000052745072,0.00010439026,0.00016356698,0.000012986968],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047969696,0.00030268644,0.0008864535,0.0000760439,0.000059418788,0.000011099103,0.0001069871,0.0000025335034,0.993955,0.0022415004,0.00061496,0.0012636246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016991001,0.0005196312,0.0045394176,0.00016064821,0.00044655727,0.000013125544,0.000057311216,0.06842351,0.92224413,0.0014598446,0.00014758336,0.00028913456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034211025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021562591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14036807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021927926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058636302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48722312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028243480","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.001215","title":"High-resolution refractive index anisotropy measurement in optical fibers through phase retardation modulation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Birefringence; Refractive index; Phase modulation; Anisotropy; Optical fiber; Polarization (electrochemistry); Modulation (music); Phase (matter); Phase noise; Physics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.028576938590864884,"score_gpt":0.31511964968376077,"score_spread":0.28654271109289586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028243480","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7706214,0.000053303167,0.22304627,0.00027290627,0.00005680299,0.00036783918,0.0000073579135,0.000036064248,0.0055380473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9609579,0.0003731194,0.03799384,0.00014906687,0.00016241585,0.00006994773,0.00022945963,0.000017104816,0.000047140227],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99849766,0.000024003532,0.00026129882,0.00036587764,0.00055139913,0.00029973328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994533,0.000013916795,0.00006167419,0.00027604683,0.00011160203,0.00008342844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022711573,0.00014199092,0.00014546461,0.000042682957,0.00007755158,0.000010139893,0.00015352739,0.00027417755,0.000021161226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001322453,0.00013738907,0.00004148809,0.00018247848,0.00021082613,0.000007810125,0.00009387542,0.00023406121,0.000009498748],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00054286036,0.0003515663,0.00009532276,0.00000969168,0.000023783425,0.0000061119854,0.000043527507,0.00020362147,0.99026775,0.00534762,0.0014170603,0.001691101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017855101,0.00040658092,0.0011182621,0.000012758222,0.000009314018,0.0000073287324,0.000035866993,0.0025748208,0.98400736,0.00540808,0.00440994,0.0002241983],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029407256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003829442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1903365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018623174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008422477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56025636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028521173","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.000861","title":"Common characteristics shared by different differential phase contrast imaging methods","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Phase-contrast imaging; Phase imaging; Optics; Contrast (vision); Differential (mechanical device); Phase (matter); Differential phase; Refraction; Phase contrast microscopy; Computer science; Physics; Microscopy","score_opus":0.008729964776891969,"score_gpt":0.3150524038328186,"score_spread":0.3063224390559266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028521173","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.086865135,0.000009736677,0.90735,0.00011364092,0.00016926903,0.0003125076,0.00018907513,0.00025741872,0.0047332095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.918186,0.0000026168836,0.08048568,0.00015644217,0.0003425666,0.000097451695,0.00060081884,0.00006834849,0.000060083927],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985142,0.000066394256,0.00041314945,0.00037840666,0.00017182805,0.0004560252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884653,0.00020437827,0.00023837335,0.0005058024,0.000051192197,0.00015372044],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013673322,0.00035779108,0.00050393736,0.000050039493,0.00015966954,0.00014844722,0.00034395698,0.000043824533,0.00017124455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010290047,0.0003404877,0.0000949363,0.00006942014,0.00011537345,0.00008845264,0.00016764954,0.00034044098,0.000018016302],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007453711,0.0008823452,0.0049985917,0.0000277672,0.00010548091,0.0000010548516,0.00017287134,0.0000033041356,0.35263368,0.11283748,0.0026938303,0.5255691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010305043,0.0002246302,0.0036898067,0.0001279805,0.00059902854,0.0000038440903,0.00031088016,0.1129676,0.70647174,0.115278564,0.047149654,0.0028712049],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009157735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.6963075e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8313209,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034312634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010944633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028601694","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.0000a1","title":"J A Dobrowolski (1931–2013): in memoriam","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Iridian Spectral Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"George (robot); Art history; Library science; Art; Computer science","score_opus":0.008486625679344566,"score_gpt":0.21468919876938375,"score_spread":0.20620257309003917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028601694","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9364337,0.000014785574,0.00036767364,0.00054103753,0.0003998012,0.00037442445,0.0000026305609,0.00008679598,0.06177915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9524168,0.0000058301553,0.04636362,0.00046589182,0.0002330038,0.00011103454,0.0000029498774,0.000019465417,0.00038143137],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987803,0.000013463758,0.00030867974,0.00028290923,0.00022157881,0.00039308576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994283,0.00010822409,0.00007669121,0.0002229286,0.000054217413,0.00010967902],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025644028,0.00014474014,0.00020217206,0.00004405404,0.000069049296,0.00016881333,0.00022261306,0.00009392218,0.00085982506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000685595,0.00012278878,0.000028359185,0.00018298584,0.0000856764,0.00014237495,0.0001194925,0.00015062442,0.0037576782],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013557961,0.00014046271,0.00035617632,0.00003877096,0.0000031759205,0.000005210686,0.00050696655,0.000097159136,0.866434,0.12118231,0.008316592,0.002905636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0059364927,0.00065458746,0.019000392,0.00019090902,0.00008580153,0.000030289168,0.0033092438,0.023331197,0.6573703,0.25473827,0.03190688,0.0034456288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017942232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041027048,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20906368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002858326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002288281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99701804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028709682","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.000546","title":"Hyperspectral absorption coefficient of “pure” seawater in the range of 350–550  nm inverted from remote sensing reflectance","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Dalhousie University","funders":"Institut national des sciences de l'Univers; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Hyperspectral imaging; Seawater; Remote sensing; Ocean color; Absorption (acoustics); Attenuation coefficient; Materials science; Optics; Reflectivity; Molar absorptivity; Range (aeronautics); Environmental science; Absorption spectroscopy; Geology; Physics; Oceanography; Satellite","score_opus":0.025862953144098977,"score_gpt":0.2157827247502795,"score_spread":0.1899197716061805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028709682","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96541435,0.000085639156,0.00083203625,0.00007849618,0.00010430811,0.00018508296,0.000020061829,0.000010636879,0.033269398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99716294,0.000016446813,0.0025666957,0.00011229561,0.000058476126,1.2178377e-7,0.00005050283,0.0000031125194,0.00002941056],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991003,0.00004922515,0.00025823739,0.00014620238,0.00027930798,0.00016671358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995209,0.0000740167,0.000106265514,0.00020923719,0.00004532738,0.000044269935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035383456,0.00009152625,0.00018447175,0.0000480532,0.000021884785,0.000015295775,0.00015124318,0.00005815001,0.000032518627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015660205,0.00006381816,0.000028981976,0.00023584419,0.000048084057,0.00003438093,0.000012918219,0.00010990843,0.000027894364],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003972963,0.0005910506,0.16491035,0.00069694646,0.00039014372,0.00023494303,0.07907593,0.10655373,0.055968244,0.008536783,0.0041112616,0.57495767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021966796,0.00034069413,0.041960493,0.00009182296,0.00006963237,0.000020973212,0.00856646,0.93048567,0.0067515983,0.007843715,0.001228563,0.00044370402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00775042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01290533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82393193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006053891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033685817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988571},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029726154","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007591","title":"Experimental study of the influence of refraction on underwater three-dimensional reconstruction using the SVP camera model","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National University of Defense Technology; China Scholarship Council; Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate; University of Alberta","keywords":"Optics; Refraction; Underwater; Refractive index; Materials science; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.06402443158637719,"score_gpt":0.2912669532714289,"score_spread":0.22724252168505168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029726154","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804861,0.0000062989884,0.01819085,0.000035718185,0.00011498267,0.00031488755,3.619813e-7,0.00002415704,0.00082666933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98529434,4.6400328e-7,0.01459906,0.000063499756,0.00002020619,0.000013705934,1.03791486e-7,0.000005020345,0.0000036107463],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991291,0.000028266268,0.00023111221,0.00013028638,0.00034244297,0.00013876804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993164,0.000037461497,0.00014956802,0.0003976555,0.00007476697,0.000024130708],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023702491,0.00009443663,0.00010600333,0.00003358842,0.00010222586,0.000018492312,0.00035286442,0.000042641863,0.000002572539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007782607,0.00005353207,0.000030574633,0.00012872064,0.00009839046,0.00023320256,0.00016180385,0.00014113574,0.0000015839522],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054670578,0.0011276527,0.0022623446,0.000007355447,0.000039047594,6.784032e-8,0.0018500899,0.046087205,0.87810296,0.0689696,0.000013395775,0.0014855895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025506082,0.00035687903,0.0024783614,0.000042502623,0.000023780032,0.0000047302483,0.0005268633,0.15140148,0.8420425,0.002734665,0.0000017808698,0.00013139684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026702663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029539897,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10531427,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051001945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022436005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21829744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029948894","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.004903","title":"Modal dynamics of magnetic-liquid deformable mirrors","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Deformable mirror; Modal; Transfer function; Dynamics (music); Optics; Computer science; Modal analysis; Physics; Experimental data; Control theory (sociology); Adaptive optics; Acoustics; Control (management); Vibration; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.0050036543193681775,"score_gpt":0.20223214225013025,"score_spread":0.1972284879307621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029948894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76456714,0.0000047462436,0.07563933,0.000056932375,0.0001121301,0.00013764751,0.00004244774,0.000029719995,0.15940991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98454785,0.000001926833,0.014818072,0.000026865073,0.000054412267,0.000013074996,0.000100157085,0.00002612859,0.00041150663],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991764,0.000009644727,0.00022565822,0.00015973425,0.00015129427,0.00027728162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994161,0.00005466607,0.00009618836,0.00030456315,0.00004751407,0.00008097272],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011547585,0.0001538417,0.00022033886,0.00004476485,0.00006544249,0.000020561492,0.00019003963,0.0000612009,0.00008944396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000032894459,0.00015152426,0.00007761677,0.00011975326,0.00006888658,0.00004467774,0.00007117331,0.00014843221,0.00006034139],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005183873,0.000102396465,0.003871656,0.000020561927,0.000034004544,1.6662827e-7,0.00015900434,0.0047072875,0.0013436322,0.9858421,0.000035815534,0.0038315407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012452004,0.00029783946,0.0007862578,0.000013025961,0.00010451652,0.00000124738,0.0010245708,0.9597597,0.005997727,0.02862202,0.0016566383,0.0004912492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007767699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002421346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9572201,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018568539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027968317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.617898},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030533103","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003307","title":"Full vectorial modal analysis of specialty fibers and their Bragg grating characterization","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Genia Photonics (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fiber Bragg grating; Modal; Optical fiber; Concentric; Refractive index; Graded-index fiber; Photonic-crystal fiber; Grating; Refractive index profile; Materials science; Physics; Fiber optic sensor; Mathematics","score_opus":0.004531671800746987,"score_gpt":0.1802326521770937,"score_spread":0.1757009803763467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030533103","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9292658,0.000013817834,0.0675924,0.000005386194,0.00021129675,0.00011333904,0.000053750435,0.0001058251,0.0026384196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989551,0.000017333063,0.009818098,0.0000057992456,0.00038369786,0.000005574091,0.00017138694,0.000030306384,0.000016805252],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930495,0.000004877918,0.00027014798,0.00014877114,0.000103131206,0.00016814383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962974,0.00007103961,0.000070939364,0.00016641742,0.00002800247,0.000033854205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005146883,0.00014632604,0.0002711195,0.00013660251,0.000035221867,0.000019524245,0.00005967274,0.00008458289,0.000011137915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000075712182,0.00014752218,0.00004807336,0.00046541917,0.000039901224,0.00005604742,0.000018499602,0.00009014495,0.0000016270416],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003771364,0.000023400493,0.0004283537,0.000037463687,0.0003487054,0.0000012244391,0.0006989274,0.3889295,0.59262097,0.013323912,0.00001411335,0.003535739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00084236736,0.000048476482,0.02064227,0.0000134287575,0.0005600695,0.000002523495,0.00030052676,0.88929904,0.085572064,0.0015735497,0.00054082426,0.00060487806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000052118694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025725341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5070489,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003468329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000052032906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.601578},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033412141","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001681","title":"Nd:Li<sub>6</sub>Y(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> crystal waveguide properties at wavelengths of 633 and 1539 nm produced by oxygen or silicon ion implantation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Waveguide; Ion implantation; Ion; Optics; Photoluminescence; Silicon; Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Crystal (programming language); Raman spectroscopy; Luminescence; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.013157638185470588,"score_gpt":0.19952373316247132,"score_spread":0.18636609497700074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033412141","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950639,0.0007740984,0.0004996984,0.000083702216,0.0003677287,0.001440522,0.00015751597,0.0012288496,0.00038399207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964522,0.0017616452,0.0007867402,0.000047838374,0.00021641521,0.00030169624,0.0001856785,0.00023641257,0.000011338332],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964965,0.000046938712,0.0009813545,0.00070161367,0.00056021137,0.0012133786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821347,0.00022707145,0.00029405105,0.00086201954,0.0001570049,0.00024638817],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039877338,0.00077936385,0.00077995186,0.00030455,0.00022194069,0.000094767565,0.000400315,0.0005727588,0.0000029749995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021533613,0.00071687566,0.00010749956,0.0004928047,0.00026350038,0.0004584598,0.0003425235,0.00052205735,0.00008320261],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023656456,0.00012527997,0.00016438469,0.00066113175,0.0001841991,0.000008161528,0.0013401263,0.0009005381,0.9803159,0.00043363497,0.001345019,0.0142850485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011130712,0.00015788856,0.00088426546,0.00009664716,0.00015924365,0.00006643222,0.0008526512,0.0050219004,0.9903671,0.0001534,0.00023218644,0.00089519063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009570345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045912286,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013389858,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033533946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000070805734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995282},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033469490","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.006466","title":"Miniature high-sensitivity high-temperature fiber sensor with a dispersion compensation fiber-based interferometer","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Fusion splicing; Interferometry; Fiber optic sensor; Sensitivity (control systems); Dispersion-shifted fiber; Graded-index fiber; Single-mode optical fiber; Interference (communication); Optical fiber; Dispersion (optics); Fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Photonic-crystal fiber; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Physics; Electronic engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.005399196608226541,"score_gpt":0.1907269339008059,"score_spread":0.18532773729257934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033469490","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934318,0.000022759163,0.003247234,0.00036200476,0.00017355838,0.0004905601,0.00004635133,0.0005990153,0.0016267343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88424945,0.0000062596228,0.11468034,0.00033023625,0.00016767933,0.00001137516,0.00018053578,0.00008556081,0.00028854908],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99845976,0.000026660377,0.00028016104,0.00043010007,0.00033805918,0.00046525768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895334,0.00018426619,0.00007111172,0.00055039895,0.00009060318,0.00015030036],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008737259,0.00045870736,0.00042433923,0.0001382798,0.000097265045,0.000072695424,0.00011975247,0.0003311463,0.000104105646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001388264,0.00040356608,0.000066413886,0.0003642219,0.00007249746,0.00012677215,0.000020089961,0.0005804747,0.00023664997],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051669846,0.0001982176,0.000022049959,0.00012333883,0.00015654131,0.00016379057,0.00045443315,0.65427595,0.33278525,0.0024045964,0.0015211066,0.007378048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013869734,0.0019298391,0.024036823,0.0007861278,0.00086102664,0.00027344405,0.0006977207,0.10561769,0.8339549,0.0014250708,0.010270023,0.006277652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000027302913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000063831817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54865825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015325565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001709618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033737527","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.003145","title":"Estimating optical absorption, scattering, and Grueneisen distributions with multiple-illumination photoacoustic tomography","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Optics; Scattering; Photoacoustic tomography; Absorption (acoustics); Optical tomography; Diffuse optical imaging; Materials science; Tomography; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine; Resolution (logic); Attenuation coefficient; Photoacoustic effect; Photoacoustic spectroscopy; Physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.008147872576054998,"score_gpt":0.18745081421196064,"score_spread":0.17930294163590563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033737527","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43630502,0.000024821706,0.5569726,0.0000060908324,0.000090854985,0.0001971432,0.000024183835,0.0002922019,0.006087047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85998887,0.000009899731,0.13978979,0.00002066517,0.000050285285,0.00006294972,0.00003496578,0.000036576672,0.0000059814706],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991058,0.0000039207193,0.00020754186,0.00021473914,0.00013964206,0.00032834636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952334,0.000080504455,0.00003639071,0.00019167423,0.00004551985,0.00012256645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000899473,0.00020240142,0.00016328967,0.00008634443,0.00013518149,0.000046844874,0.00009480012,0.000069919835,0.000018751656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025722013,0.00019518501,0.000024930343,0.000195556,0.00018421818,0.00010227335,0.000027875663,0.00018076978,0.000009529829],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002956282,0.00097541645,0.040185224,0.0024489672,0.0012650712,0.00018245941,0.014613312,0.21497351,0.60205066,0.06417447,0.0008340296,0.058001276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008844181,0.000048220034,0.02177749,0.00008877239,0.00020100079,0.00010112608,0.00052602426,0.9547621,0.02014778,0.0008550656,0.000039904695,0.00056808785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010868938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004810567,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7397886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041274892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012865933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79594135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034109168","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.004785","title":"Monte Carlo approach to identification of the composition of stratospheric aerosols from infrared solar occultation measurements","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Occultation; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Monte Carlo method; Aerosol; Satellite; Stratosphere; Spectrometer; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Optics; Physics; Geology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.020945914876169574,"score_gpt":0.21081657662147013,"score_spread":0.18987066174530057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034109168","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881717,0.000054574884,0.0046579125,0.000023912546,0.000058271875,0.00034278375,0.000082026454,0.000013275719,0.006595518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9773047,0.000009567718,0.022465747,0.00008004989,0.000033390566,0.0000039230986,0.000067629575,0.0000033350807,0.000031687578],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990279,0.000025529538,0.0003491287,0.00015021142,0.00033006497,0.000117182564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942255,0.000025429794,0.0002249776,0.00021495865,0.00007092636,0.000041185147],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001462229,0.000087792534,0.00013514662,0.0000049494147,0.00007277579,0.0000233987,0.00019489779,0.00005242766,0.00004450911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000077230625,0.00006871703,0.00003836349,0.00023021574,0.00004063338,0.000097974735,0.000010731855,0.000058193087,0.000030196148],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013713326,0.00022518255,0.08113974,0.00005826045,0.000109933615,1.1268317e-7,0.0034081575,0.76248175,0.13045603,0.00027212276,0.0003225423,0.021389008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007590274,0.00007365283,0.7717378,0.00002889605,0.00014581686,7.179697e-7,0.0020032986,0.11204189,0.11247738,0.0003137518,0.00012537827,0.00029239673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023493668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007844877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6905981,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000065862187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023149298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2802199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035119061","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.005085","title":"Comparison of optically derived particle size distributions: scattering over the full angular range versus diffraction at near forward angles","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Office of Naval Research","keywords":"Optics; Forward scatter; Diffraction; Range (aeronautics); Scattering; Ptychography; Mie scattering; Light scattering; Physics; Particle size; Angular diameter; Materials science; Fresnel diffraction","score_opus":0.02160966903156891,"score_gpt":0.24666974500023406,"score_spread":0.22506007596866515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035119061","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99536824,0.00023492644,0.0005873185,0.00008909499,0.00025038654,0.00020428647,0.000051585816,0.000028012277,0.0031861584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987461,0.000018047122,0.0009818889,0.000027385579,0.00012532441,0.0000059900644,0.00006878592,0.0000045760917,0.000021924561],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904656,0.000028873486,0.00025543565,0.00012370027,0.00022082416,0.0003246253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991611,0.0003628013,0.00011321358,0.00022467019,0.000025430827,0.00011275276],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019521793,0.000115007984,0.00018372061,0.000008897879,0.00023653373,0.000050576935,0.00013903197,0.000057135057,0.0005853169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000471235,0.00008396583,0.000057527828,0.0001291844,0.000109370136,0.00012639869,0.000051174786,0.00009628094,0.00014198529],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008757183,0.00018522638,0.96518326,0.00008962489,0.00012187462,0.0000017451408,0.0009978116,0.00226902,0.010695684,0.0020790878,0.0003811332,0.017119825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092539535,0.00016961576,0.9517809,0.000010303832,0.00011228007,0.000005204994,0.0010203765,0.036231976,0.0047348947,0.00006882471,0.0047055995,0.00023459706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002691871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008685016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033962958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011589798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012437278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.640881},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035292477","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.006578","title":"Surface heating by optical beams and application to mid-infrared imaging","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Infrared; Materials science; Thermal diffusivity; Image resolution; Context (archaeology); Diffusion; Vanadium dioxide; Gaussian beam; Beam (structure); Thermal; Physics; Thin film; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.004925528451521702,"score_gpt":0.21976659599357132,"score_spread":0.21484106754204962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035292477","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4379909,0.00039506747,0.53801346,0.00013409878,0.00015378838,0.00047493153,0.000011157315,0.001694709,0.021131879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8008779,0.000011940795,0.19882646,0.00009508729,0.00007863424,0.000036685167,0.000015238555,0.000043226384,0.000014797333],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927425,0.0000034086836,0.0001683964,0.00013950242,0.00010399169,0.00031042213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996026,0.00003170215,0.000018566763,0.0001830843,0.000017377612,0.00014663598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015056781,0.00014186994,0.0001305374,0.000023344115,0.00006100957,0.000081037055,0.00010248715,0.00006136867,0.0000036774068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000105780855,0.0001533954,0.000009527772,0.00010204807,0.00002362722,0.000118788754,0.000072411356,0.00009131954,0.00003100148],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010042165,0.00003445102,0.00053182314,0.0002066019,0.000014497256,3.635559e-7,0.0006860134,0.005034052,0.97307694,0.0048351553,0.0038487157,0.011721358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002270307,0.000012044836,0.00019241788,0.00003088865,0.000028974868,0.000007390307,0.0001466977,0.04627423,0.9429988,0.0023881297,0.007173291,0.0005200631],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000048164784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.229302e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36288702,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048456386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003966558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62552834},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036062819","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.003140","title":"High-velocity-flow imaging with real-time Doppler optical coherence tomography","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Optical coherence tomography; Optics; Doppler effect; Flow velocity; Laminar flow; Physics; Aliasing; Tomography; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Turbulence; Group velocity; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Computer science; Filter (signal processing)","score_opus":0.00436115006264245,"score_gpt":0.19434756015895316,"score_spread":0.1899864100963107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036062819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6765003,0.00002719546,0.04297404,0.00034151814,0.00034959492,0.0014682272,0.000088800385,0.003228382,0.2750219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.68947124,0.000014163083,0.3099409,0.00004441373,0.0001271403,0.00024931255,0.00004480925,0.00007862202,0.000029393083],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981013,0.0000073271904,0.00035666677,0.00046375924,0.00039290433,0.0006780501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844825,0.00019127899,0.000050175553,0.0008429011,0.00012020362,0.00034715945],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016630636,0.00040085614,0.000345084,0.00018143468,0.00015653414,0.00015635266,0.0004979899,0.00018605129,0.00031742128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011202387,0.0003761452,0.00008550768,0.00093627913,0.00044820807,0.00013838113,0.000072353694,0.00081046205,0.00043164482],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068768684,0.00032994902,0.0022941893,0.00012326411,0.00028247508,0.000036928395,0.00023287133,0.014505319,0.38543776,0.5649312,0.00316366,0.02859357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008738979,0.00055955566,0.08195577,0.00023058831,0.0014869526,0.0004309528,0.0007319622,0.58688706,0.22732995,0.06682063,0.013803507,0.0110240625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001609915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028884344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57238173,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002500371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046302765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036581958","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.002325","title":"Volume relaxation in polymers and its effect on waveguide applications","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Polymer; Refractive index; Materials science; Waveguide; Relaxation (psychology); Glass transition; Volume (thermodynamics); Optics; Polymer chemistry; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.005090477932621565,"score_gpt":0.20572528381241342,"score_spread":0.20063480587979185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036581958","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80760187,0.00042436653,0.0036882001,0.00010517911,0.000067087596,0.00064647227,0.000005656226,0.00022788398,0.1872333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988245,0.00009408128,0.00078756997,0.00007045043,0.00002838199,0.000121122284,0.000009026184,0.000019087835,0.00004578248],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99950165,0.0000030268316,0.00012857522,0.00012698027,0.0000805708,0.00015919887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997622,0.000048130532,0.000014264633,0.00011176514,0.000005684171,0.000057959125],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006811483,0.00010119967,0.000107300046,0.000054163273,0.00002931654,0.000015321522,0.000059238217,0.00007741441,0.0000074472673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007789292,0.000099965306,0.000013783284,0.00014325076,0.000017878547,0.000035245957,0.000013189428,0.00013283074,0.00013700212],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034949255,0.000086773216,0.000121192235,0.0002584037,0.00004689288,0.000007739532,0.00041398188,0.1831624,0.02660604,0.7605354,0.000025523983,0.028700702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007815477,0.00065646606,0.020895256,0.00027189014,0.00018350634,0.00002364804,0.00033439015,0.67403805,0.2540179,0.021809708,0.017804371,0.0021493535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004057022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006610251,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73872566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006307344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000073753718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4076467},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036658862","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.006784","title":"Fiber optic pressure sensing with conforming elastomers","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Optics; Elastomer; Fiber Bragg grating; Poisson's ratio; Fiber optic sensor; Optical fiber; Transmission (telecommunications); Elastic modulus; Modulus; Pressure sensor; Fiber; Composite material; Optoelectronics; Poisson distribution; Physics","score_opus":0.004201683944118334,"score_gpt":0.18911774173589946,"score_spread":0.18491605779178114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036658862","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8228707,0.000038635062,0.012797407,0.000024761606,0.00045972742,0.00042398318,0.0000069776306,0.0009079102,0.16246991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7283651,0.0000047295734,0.27077776,0.000029942972,0.00012381158,0.000006438574,0.000006423747,0.000101037134,0.00058470975],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989477,0.000002142271,0.00020043863,0.00020986347,0.00020860735,0.000431256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992775,0.00009632596,0.00004052859,0.00040623333,0.000045842557,0.00013358696],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000062666775,0.00025283007,0.00021727862,0.00007357623,0.00007644637,0.000044357057,0.00012832762,0.0001540943,0.00007339101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001279557,0.00023924297,0.000029152832,0.00018023411,0.00010973465,0.00010587195,0.000029642539,0.00056553417,0.0002082314],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052886404,0.000023310615,0.0000315426,0.00018685986,0.00033845945,0.000067155735,0.0013047977,0.8437457,0.09808356,0.022793107,0.00028481788,0.033087786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034005204,0.00014033836,0.0003388268,0.00011711124,0.0006127607,0.00072328607,0.0018139071,0.7024965,0.12204768,0.0008570728,0.16440108,0.0030508619],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000012334714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005431112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25798038,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018533525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016943633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97560453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036721283","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.004883","title":"Predictive analog-to-digital converter for Fourier-transform spectrometers","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Converters; Computer science; Dynamic range; Fourier transform; Spectrometer; Noise (video); Electronic engineering; Optics; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Power (physics); Engineering; Computer vision","score_opus":0.005593803149646385,"score_gpt":0.22201848522521186,"score_spread":0.21642468207556548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036721283","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1634742,0.0000015062853,0.70215946,0.0005338729,0.0003563745,0.0010237908,0.00033443936,0.00006713741,0.13204919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97845984,2.5443e-7,0.02045775,0.00020653765,0.0003706367,0.0001236594,0.000052459243,0.000024696645,0.00030416658],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989958,0.0000017096856,0.00019265643,0.0002698733,0.00016437503,0.00037562728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926144,0.00014780935,0.00003208737,0.00020715586,0.00004901897,0.00030249648],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000073237126,0.00016376063,0.00019747677,0.000040338524,0.00007476618,0.000079791644,0.00019318375,0.000067963316,0.00026393446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000136362305,0.00013845146,0.00012110835,0.00011409187,0.000053818952,0.000063788146,0.000040556344,0.00024135482,0.00013414983],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012053325,0.000106024956,0.00014003896,0.0000074906784,0.0000882092,4.8255436e-7,0.0000707842,0.0000052445716,0.0036549969,0.92188513,0.00045111447,0.07346994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036524595,0.0013400887,0.0005240035,0.00001781811,0.00024523793,0.0000017458378,0.0006932805,0.03184317,0.06191383,0.7874977,0.11092301,0.001347636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000025801473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013649604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81498563,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009673748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032785934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56458867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036948253","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001319","title":"Alfred Josef Thelen--on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Ninth; Honor; Optics; Art history; Art; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.010222772249276302,"score_gpt":0.20814974725632385,"score_spread":0.19792697500704753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036948253","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95448935,0.000022035545,0.00034268547,0.0005506365,0.00011499458,0.0002437725,0.000022179294,0.000056595058,0.044157762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99162805,0.0000051635284,0.0074851085,0.00026934384,0.00011802209,0.000018927274,0.000007568254,0.000020147905,0.00044767],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877053,0.000027757766,0.0003415205,0.00023412472,0.000350393,0.00027567495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990893,0.0002491284,0.00018956221,0.000365584,0.00006438084,0.000042044547],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045662947,0.00015245043,0.00019347246,0.000031012147,0.00015674537,0.000058265272,0.00029062974,0.0000770074,0.00021275775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000069604896,0.00009378581,0.000057653044,0.00016621554,0.00014725719,0.000036558376,0.000092186456,0.00012490325,0.00025010103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016703083,0.000083891086,0.000037037786,0.000012892626,0.0000022275694,9.460905e-7,0.00014312584,0.00017151788,0.62411314,0.37381268,0.0011023802,0.00050343206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055415236,0.00023687458,0.0018140516,0.000047402526,0.000036046353,0.0000030620872,0.00031437684,0.0010779552,0.95625234,0.03331046,0.0060151964,0.00033808654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006027345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000136206645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3405022,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019466666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023087516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38244742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037167477","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.005670","title":"Increasing the range of unambiguity in step-height measurement with multiple-wavelength interferometry—application to absolute long gauge block measurement","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Interferometry; Optics; Wavelength; Calibration; Physics; Measurement uncertainty; Interference (communication); Context (archaeology); Length measurement; Range (aeronautics); Materials science; Telecommunications; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.021705779296056247,"score_gpt":0.21817210432779519,"score_spread":0.19646632503173894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2037167477","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5745241,0.00042447113,0.4142377,0.00004882534,0.0000877526,0.00189691,0.0000056518975,0.00026036968,0.008514211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96735734,0.000059728027,0.03214364,0.00005501004,0.000023734925,0.00030078614,0.0000023874352,0.000053899606,0.0000034943234],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979484,0.000065882436,0.00048651508,0.00030013287,0.00077426346,0.00042480908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892753,0.000068391324,0.00010703712,0.0005349802,0.0002630327,0.00009901504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021312353,0.0002955177,0.00035846495,0.00022509493,0.00006796559,0.000016076361,0.00025930142,0.000115254625,0.0000037820207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015668845,0.00023412517,0.000045758497,0.00058473356,0.00006377409,0.00005671004,0.000037691694,0.00030216077,0.0000056777412],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014704298,0.0011956342,0.063177265,0.000737409,0.0009818557,0.000015907108,0.0018410864,0.047453288,0.80745906,0.027355112,0.00046461125,0.047848362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007830949,0.0007118979,0.13938734,0.00071289326,0.00047155505,0.000041734496,0.00081295817,0.009558943,0.8278212,0.0013193216,0.00924308,0.0020881519],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033866527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00072599866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39283323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051395514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041813284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9547347},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037923774","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.006773","title":"A calibration-independent laser-induced incandescence technique for soot measurement by detecting absolute light intensity","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":264,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Soot; Incandescence; Materials science; Calibration; Optics; Pyrometer; Radiance; Volume fraction; Diffusion flame; Volume (thermodynamics); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Temperature measurement; Chemistry; Combustion; Physics","score_opus":0.020304108189198068,"score_gpt":0.20888028384875212,"score_spread":0.18857617565955406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2037923774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8369516,0.00011548253,0.14625184,0.0013382365,0.00028530194,0.0021567945,0.00010661915,0.00030555812,0.012488563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98018265,0.0000067987535,0.01915026,0.00029785009,0.00019696787,0.000029896664,0.000041323474,0.000007089755,0.00008715009],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987747,0.00000870331,0.0002622832,0.00030767554,0.00032086566,0.00032573956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994146,0.00005419362,0.000115868475,0.00019957137,0.00008038114,0.00013537107],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003996404,0.0001730934,0.0001761755,0.000005236262,0.00025450106,0.00006932613,0.0002020203,0.00013105616,0.000111292284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004694719,0.00015945714,0.000049257073,0.00011069603,0.000027321632,0.00010532073,0.000019296265,0.00018883838,0.000021731807],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017110574,0.00007860078,0.001488286,0.000065416745,0.00005175115,0.0000037169416,0.00024233719,0.0018450907,0.9672602,0.000074214506,0.0020921512,0.026627162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037714394,0.000063948355,0.00034600563,0.000020338772,0.000023141029,0.000009671859,0.00015947963,0.014314617,0.98199314,0.00022212742,0.0021706002,0.00029977353],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000784249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036387672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14323106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028384853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007136923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65024734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038305315","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.005565","title":"Multiple-scattering-based lidar retrieval: method and results of cloud probings","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Scattering; Lidar; Optics; Mie scattering; Forward scatter; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Remote sensing; Light scattering; Wavelength; Computational physics; Physics; Scattering theory; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.009440253763355017,"score_gpt":0.2322239649083276,"score_spread":0.22278371114497258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038305315","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9385678,0.000021225213,0.046395134,0.000581688,0.000048975144,0.000348482,0.000011459597,0.000060343886,0.01396485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.74868745,0.00000761306,0.2507594,0.00028310766,0.00004788947,0.00000540735,0.0000037700568,0.000016483591,0.00018885806],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988932,0.00001469873,0.00033532982,0.0003031833,0.00022585876,0.00022770476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931705,0.00014209721,0.00016262199,0.00027846987,0.0000070011524,0.00009276589],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036750242,0.000142255,0.0001796987,0.0000016381503,0.00006814934,0.000015504145,0.0001617972,0.00008970995,0.00008839123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005656896,0.00012950596,0.00003313246,0.00016115028,0.00019642411,0.000040837193,0.00014678844,0.00011378666,0.00005270198],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001764459,0.0006976376,0.01889066,0.00012083597,0.00007144715,0.000009262749,0.0040441817,0.14410481,0.72699606,0.0024182126,0.0040760185,0.096806385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011066723,0.0007156518,0.032445252,0.00010051123,0.0001935447,0.000022144695,0.0006542791,0.22024114,0.6307596,0.0012810853,0.10075926,0.001760781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038941012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000138149935,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20436427,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005066111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009088337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52811},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038720759","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.008745","title":"Motion compensated frequency modulated continuous wave 3D coherent imaging ladar with scannerless architecture","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Sensitivity (control systems); Spatial frequency; Image resolution; Extremely high frequency; Lidar; Physics; Computer science; Computer vision","score_opus":0.0081078982639827,"score_gpt":0.2068775617393072,"score_spread":0.1987696634753245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038720759","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64819854,0.000040334045,0.33736205,0.00018883443,0.00009887354,0.00044987112,0.000021146616,0.00043477153,0.013205588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.859999,7.023625e-7,0.1396699,0.000036875164,0.00012168559,0.000017320102,0.00008101494,0.0000444111,0.000029077059],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986818,0.000015745754,0.00022883705,0.0002842554,0.00019523126,0.0005941324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919766,0.000054661734,0.00013924348,0.00040348037,0.00008881948,0.00011613644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006761478,0.00028401543,0.00029724312,0.000058357284,0.00014255037,0.00004833128,0.00014267974,0.0000691069,0.000032764372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000061064907,0.00023021163,0.000039261915,0.00022890636,0.00021860137,0.000090807094,0.000091008646,0.000389121,0.000031100455],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000112145724,0.00069248956,0.03388781,0.000034124572,0.00033094344,0.000019154464,0.0006787402,0.014907532,0.065904744,0.5722177,0.00009224948,0.31112233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015577432,0.0006047729,0.0555182,0.0006738337,0.0014768032,0.00017595544,0.009173181,0.11904326,0.35140708,0.4319567,0.005575423,0.008817348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039544284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002492552,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30230498,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005405363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015645239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9387758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038782544","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.007005","title":"Refractive effects in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Paul University","funders":"","keywords":"Refractive index; Optics; Raman scattering; SIGNAL (programming language); Materials science; Raman spectroscopy; Microscopy; Refractometry; Polystyrene; Forward scatter; Scattering; Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy; Physics","score_opus":0.004669009358832546,"score_gpt":0.28612264333540555,"score_spread":0.281453633976573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038782544","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97904605,0.00019218973,0.0040888907,0.00010421141,0.000054209424,0.00029143857,0.0000047675203,0.000030773444,0.016187489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98814315,0.00011224813,0.010887876,0.00019175922,0.00019523656,0.00009342958,0.00009549579,0.000023997633,0.00025678615],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891007,0.000015277872,0.00018802885,0.00033582564,0.00017923808,0.0003715452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995679,0.000031519026,0.00004210881,0.00026401883,0.00002460508,0.00006980393],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000116184085,0.00015208349,0.00016065207,0.000048356458,0.000041589905,0.000026366952,0.00022886936,0.00020408187,0.000015983722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027920983,0.00014139384,0.0000426961,0.00013154426,0.00019185245,0.0000018797022,0.00017968453,0.0002133398,0.000018440594],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005235876,0.00013596438,0.0011281488,0.000038138573,0.000009192766,0.000007201558,0.000005176337,0.000005207076,0.9946735,0.0010457662,0.002267853,0.0006315114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043515477,0.00009732867,0.0019949507,0.000022980137,0.000004937807,0.0000029004802,0.000010997752,0.000032673088,0.98756385,0.0015488388,0.008117063,0.00016831937],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029290144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000074777554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015930703,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004643514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028609556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5765874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038806375","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.002101","title":"Information content of point radiance measurements in turbid media: implications for interstitial optical property quantification","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research","funders":"","keywords":"Radiance; Uniqueness; Optics; Property (philosophy); Point (geometry); Physics; Computer science; Remote sensing; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.06698769682424247,"score_gpt":0.30767072856723393,"score_spread":0.24068303174299147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038806375","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26008183,0.00007192551,0.6943396,0.009008003,0.00018339488,0.0037136376,0.00006237869,0.00024585705,0.032293387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9234837,0.000012369052,0.07589496,0.00015454995,0.000050242747,0.00020778381,0.0001612337,0.00000992072,0.000025234347],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908304,0.0000056247773,0.00047075472,0.00011493156,0.000148552,0.00017708549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993531,0.0000575205,0.00009779697,0.00021618446,0.00022336873,0.000052017363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023927754,0.00009885014,0.00021721696,0.0001096656,0.000027034172,0.0000192426,0.0000744672,0.00007638431,0.0000030419985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015894635,0.00007492444,0.0000459785,0.00013103754,0.0001076191,0.00010776123,0.000014858442,0.000110522735,0.0000061520423],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004448787,0.0007298648,0.007976569,0.00027602288,0.000034246434,2.7813442e-7,0.00038328173,0.000071775634,0.71836525,0.25998655,0.001921222,0.009810055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044827485,0.00048182692,0.13434243,0.00027027915,0.00015654514,0.000016071965,0.000473306,0.00478743,0.84202105,0.011535237,0.0010358408,0.00039721042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044913613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012303592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6634019,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011736052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005965369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30553302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038978596","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.000b40","title":"Fabrication and modeling of multimode fiber lenses","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universität Potsdam; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Multi-mode optical fiber; Fiber; Lens (geology); Fabrication; Optical fiber; Hard-clad silica optical fiber; Polishing; Silica fiber; Core (optical fiber); Dispersion-shifted fiber; Graded-index fiber; RADIUS; Sapphire; Plastic optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Fiber laser; Fiber optic sensor; Laser; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.012214826765861515,"score_gpt":0.22103814609466588,"score_spread":0.20882331932880435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038978596","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9369215,0.000022709597,0.023420772,0.00003838222,0.000024152641,0.00020862021,0.0000066274974,0.000015426753,0.039341815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97229505,0.0000028563718,0.027263472,0.000012663984,0.00006223047,0.000027221407,0.000013690736,0.000012239084,0.0003105665],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99955165,0.0000032288515,0.00014626716,0.00010993745,0.00007798011,0.00011096204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968153,0.000023276836,0.00005238099,0.00014184136,0.00006506651,0.000035886558],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000027404938,0.00007950713,0.00010021264,0.000022148333,0.000032032447,0.000021844324,0.000056167017,0.000022870026,0.00014412518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000019045435,0.00007594352,0.000021346259,0.000044117955,0.000034543908,0.00006066808,0.00005207143,0.000054202606,0.00007742858],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021067415,0.0006713328,0.008428161,0.00016316133,0.00029505783,3.3531617e-7,0.0024855572,0.06685816,0.06310637,0.69187886,0.0007746145,0.16531733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069279457,0.000044977027,0.0009376655,0.000018418632,0.00006837017,3.9027867e-7,0.0013702646,0.9150435,0.018987125,0.062210727,0.00024882195,0.00037697563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008379108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.5611921e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8481853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000051235975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007765344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3096887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039098174","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004297","title":"Differential Brillouin gain for improving the temperature accuracy and spatial resolution in a long-distance distributed fiber sensor","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Brillouin zone; Optics; Brillouin scattering; Image resolution; Pulse (music); Narrowband; Optical fiber; Materials science; Physics; Time domain; Fiber optic sensor; Detector","score_opus":0.0062134259628757625,"score_gpt":0.2151861630756688,"score_spread":0.20897273711279302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039098174","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69885516,0.00016832554,0.2992076,0.00018909536,0.00014212167,0.00097376923,0.00011250281,0.00019071494,0.00016072132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99106765,0.000029925513,0.008427127,0.00005193705,0.00019065864,0.000041202144,0.00010382413,0.000036340087,0.000051337494],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998958,0.00001050216,0.00026628433,0.00025588064,0.00012826484,0.00038109976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937224,0.00021479224,0.000050802697,0.0002736357,0.000030904957,0.000057590943],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007050832,0.00022377982,0.00020996926,0.000039979885,0.00009930028,0.00006936907,0.00011370704,0.00015537736,0.000005518557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008839163,0.00019089392,0.00003731324,0.00015009743,0.00005023298,0.000065325825,0.000023871478,0.00029016455,0.000003232396],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00070347433,0.00014178501,0.00015202338,0.0003672146,0.000088900175,0.000036187485,0.0015978217,0.5829462,0.29323038,0.009986761,0.00070833886,0.110040925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003503827,0.00011002939,0.018895915,0.00007614492,0.000093607625,0.000027793076,0.00036013583,0.94398576,0.029166846,0.0014596469,0.0013602945,0.00096001854],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008007836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004342847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36103958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009488647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010112939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7784428},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039123430","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.006855","title":"Design of a flat field concave-grating-based micro-Raman spectrometer for environmental applications","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Grating; Optics; Spectrometer; Spectral resolution; Raman spectroscopy; Blazed grating; Materials science; Diffraction grating; Wavelength; Stray light; Ray tracing (physics); Computer science; Physics; Spectral line","score_opus":0.011686265759652639,"score_gpt":0.21183515792233265,"score_spread":0.20014889216268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039123430","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.046904515,0.00023472539,0.94357336,0.000017936469,0.000065255335,0.0008958122,0.000041688658,0.00009118581,0.008175523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85374904,0.000014781852,0.14573437,0.00011012738,0.00006625077,0.0002537586,0.000024763613,0.000023779561,0.000023136348],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993849,0.0000036865022,0.00018452147,0.00009460774,0.0000757187,0.0002565751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943644,0.00027245257,0.000032060543,0.00017876731,0.000004884934,0.00007538137],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008371097,0.00011895297,0.00015104748,0.00003088845,0.000036069778,0.000010105465,0.00010833429,0.00008455987,0.00004770164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003821084,0.00011800119,0.00004594197,0.000051744988,0.000035900866,0.00003247435,0.000014478298,0.00008417469,0.0000264615],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034899236,0.000121086974,0.00012886425,0.00018021114,0.00009613851,2.2547918e-7,0.00023414538,0.007753334,0.97131914,0.015539447,0.00025486352,0.004337617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061122887,0.00009088844,0.00010417692,0.000008280473,0.000088427405,0.0000012458137,0.00011095609,0.11550653,0.8783057,0.0004642047,0.0044336827,0.00027468702],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.9957934e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9356823e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80684453,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003126967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000071044838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48119488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039167808","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000417","title":"Stabilization of a fiber-optic two-arm interferometer for ultra-short pulse signal processing applications","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Differentiator; Optics; Interferometry; Ultrashort pulse; Dither; Astronomical interferometer; Michelson interferometer; Physics; Pulse (music); Computer science; Laser; Detector; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.020575316708594464,"score_gpt":0.26639818792456454,"score_spread":0.24582287121597007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039167808","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21266262,0.000020680209,0.778676,0.00001547227,0.000010640865,0.00090903504,0.000052805917,0.00011168156,0.007541062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88192916,0.0000019627698,0.1170817,0.000007918573,0.0000630943,0.0007158505,0.00009326469,0.000030935982,0.00007611738],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990691,0.0000038184917,0.00031561003,0.0002598793,0.000115616465,0.00023600843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993504,0.00008624532,0.0001256133,0.00026695794,0.00013198495,0.00003878408],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000043008495,0.00016163648,0.00021543099,0.000076947785,0.00012911789,0.000014194211,0.00019834198,0.000052384185,0.000050991894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000031901177,0.00016205308,0.00006230523,0.00025921033,0.00017015218,0.00009938073,0.000039600567,0.00012035013,0.000009914465],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020110501,0.001970103,0.005911356,0.00046113334,0.00027683107,0.0000013310245,0.0014915119,0.020351037,0.15964256,0.21530184,0.0001898916,0.5942013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002226317,0.0003891358,0.00029902192,0.000074808566,0.0002599167,0.0000071186755,0.002756747,0.014247179,0.9128354,0.06276805,0.0030458514,0.0010904652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002311845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.4607494e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75319284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026276379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045381024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66083324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039582857","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.009182","title":"Monolithic integration of microfluidic channels, liquid-core waveguides, and silica waveguides on silicon","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Communications Research Centre Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Cladding (metalworking); Microchannel; Waveguide; Optoelectronics; Photolithography; Refractive index; Fabrication; Layer (electronics); Microfluidics; Wafer; Lithography; Chemical vapor deposition; Optics; Silicon; Optofluidics; Photonics; Nanotechnology; Composite material","score_opus":0.013646272278644992,"score_gpt":0.21661592529712093,"score_spread":0.20296965301847594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039582857","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9509331,0.0017336083,0.0009872857,0.000050386087,0.0001339163,0.00025851294,0.000014755982,0.00018172312,0.045706693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977169,0.00070225104,0.0012077662,0.00008698943,0.00010900403,0.000026196805,0.000035727,0.000038879403,0.00007626555],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897283,0.0000061461337,0.00038218033,0.00021726442,0.00015343596,0.00026814576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994798,0.000109201705,0.00004727598,0.0002496284,0.000042331932,0.00007181724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012229777,0.00022252265,0.00026978055,0.00009057882,0.000045706784,0.000027868131,0.0001253283,0.00017692303,0.000011186654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018123137,0.00020309078,0.00004448693,0.0001459196,0.00010079542,0.000050814004,0.00003468275,0.0001906062,0.00002275275],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000595471,0.00006635484,0.000010916346,0.00015625915,0.00003481318,0.0000032908777,0.00020562418,0.0035662663,0.75911003,0.23335245,0.0007515233,0.0026829191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048344352,0.00019919952,0.0005407973,0.00007780843,0.00005804435,0.0000064672413,0.00016734643,0.09226722,0.89681107,0.0057199467,0.003279394,0.00038923067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004455402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009410351,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22763251,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044190503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014277836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82818013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039732721","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.002564","title":"Frequency domain photothermoacoustic signal amplitude dependence on the optical properties of water: turbid polyvinyl chloride-plastisol system","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McMaster University; McMaster University Medical Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Amplitude; Attenuation coefficient; Laser; Absorption (acoustics); Fluence; SIGNAL (programming language); Photoacoustic effect; Attenuation; Physics","score_opus":0.012678647015588317,"score_gpt":0.17061442251267434,"score_spread":0.157935775497086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039732721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9329883,0.00011243387,0.04727005,0.000024549641,0.00023183014,0.00049615576,0.000017175124,0.0003006074,0.018558897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970307,0.000031739368,0.0025578784,0.000046293215,0.00012445055,0.000107233114,0.0000030497092,0.00006866086,0.000030013129],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983222,0.00001570681,0.000418257,0.00025514018,0.0004348077,0.00055389485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992238,0.00017672117,0.000046334375,0.00040569555,0.00004646866,0.00010094259],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019699906,0.00030617818,0.0003342471,0.00006372671,0.0001890571,0.0000323094,0.00036149763,0.000113790506,0.000042945172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018748755,0.00019075637,0.000072757,0.00011637595,0.00026040687,0.00005465262,0.00004396441,0.00037927448,0.00009634494],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046134268,0.00004753928,0.0000209906,0.0002465039,0.000085742686,0.000044370292,0.0011671503,0.018581381,0.96168524,0.01796071,0.00003624433,0.00007802242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004722246,0.000055584012,0.00011537522,0.00021432589,0.00007117888,0.00021235927,0.0011943931,0.035322063,0.96140546,0.00049459864,0.00001523562,0.00042719042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023409119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015952057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06404238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013182213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005107824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7778819},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040464523","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.000586","title":"Optical wave propagation in epitaxial Nd:Y_2O_3 planar waveguides","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Refractive index; Cladding (metalworking); Sapphire; Planar; Surface roughness; Dispersion (optics); Yttrium; Neodymium; Optoelectronics; Laser; Oxide; Physics","score_opus":0.01046999115976684,"score_gpt":0.2038518261623056,"score_spread":0.19338183500253875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040464523","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9568081,0.000013924975,0.0048908493,0.00014652443,0.00036278783,0.0003414487,0.000007863133,0.0010147099,0.036413815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9513946,0.00001870506,0.04832378,0.000020803793,0.00009460835,0.00006649047,0.000018670618,0.000042558135,0.000019780924],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990324,0.0000030876479,0.0002655091,0.00018924079,0.00015789646,0.00035186586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994929,0.00007852957,0.000022539274,0.0003325376,0.000020797681,0.0000527263],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011974352,0.00017634167,0.00018316702,0.00013090359,0.0000310928,0.000038731258,0.00018343536,0.00025357213,0.000015110702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007408927,0.00017820657,0.000024432578,0.00020529171,0.000103227,0.0000685983,0.000039385952,0.00054122106,0.00010250213],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003740836,0.00010565772,0.00060805405,0.0001368688,0.000053366635,0.00010979756,0.00069529697,0.010861733,0.33875352,0.615761,0.0010576878,0.03181962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018575998,0.00010177249,0.013996174,0.000038460425,0.00004706166,0.000056798166,0.0010803724,0.20663995,0.7100433,0.059692357,0.0050801584,0.0013659898],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033241963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000070917675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55606866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047592566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015021027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72670525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040516646","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.002098","title":"Reinforced direct bonding of optical materials by femtosecond laser welding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Femtosecond; Welding; Direct bonding; Laser; Composite material; Laser beam welding; Joint (building); Bond strength; Optics; Optoelectronics; Structural engineering; Adhesive; Silicon","score_opus":0.008642498547149593,"score_gpt":0.2146517709674013,"score_spread":0.2060092724202517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040516646","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9335219,0.00006523604,0.0035598879,0.0000117788995,0.00044271088,0.0002012536,0.000037039194,0.00080634176,0.0613538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9797813,0.000018828949,0.0197087,0.000027600625,0.00015441857,0.000031365194,0.000033242068,0.00006913712,0.00017537271],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897754,0.000006577186,0.00036038342,0.000114640374,0.000143853,0.0003970026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995319,0.000053058287,0.00006293066,0.0002344774,0.000019011053,0.00009858649],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002772035,0.00018997544,0.00030369335,0.000059867198,0.000040480565,0.00005937503,0.00017124302,0.00015187774,0.00012047718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023055445,0.00018947723,0.000026849837,0.000104211176,0.00004092815,0.00018973959,0.000075296666,0.00009069505,0.000036104953],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000123870295,0.000010232633,0.000012628706,0.0002141774,0.00002629201,4.5951495e-7,0.00012705308,0.0003231404,0.98191416,0.014483118,0.0027066667,0.00016970649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001478709,0.000011602637,0.000012628257,0.000032004093,0.000025421572,0.0000020628227,0.000027685152,0.00015231244,0.99733514,0.00021974527,0.0018131541,0.00022038052],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000024080791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.932347e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.061178427,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045756133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000064636797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77266574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041001963","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.000765","title":"Continued analysis of optical frequency-modulated continuous-wave interference","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Semtech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Interference (communication); Optics; Continuous wave; Wavelength; SIGNAL (programming language); Physics; Telecommunications; Computer science; Laser","score_opus":0.015751150419195285,"score_gpt":0.2341969408613768,"score_spread":0.21844579044218151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041001963","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7671168,0.00033305766,0.13522166,0.0000430343,0.0001081798,0.00038460814,0.00003397554,0.00042330567,0.096335374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95808876,0.00004963821,0.041650023,0.000020259695,0.000024469002,0.000030951443,0.000038800077,0.00002855196,0.0000685735],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886256,0.000013405472,0.0005672912,0.00017035884,0.00015916467,0.0002271966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987654,0.00016153329,0.00010059214,0.00079315307,0.000101801976,0.00007753925],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014506493,0.00016908611,0.0004949842,0.00018347606,0.000024709227,0.000018151231,0.00030088078,0.000112044276,0.00008741992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026672142,0.00018125305,0.00009837885,0.0006768187,0.00008516473,0.000055890545,0.000065943095,0.00020944608,0.000035231857],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037532354,0.00016496342,0.00084134366,0.00007623162,0.00319794,0.000004607482,0.0025022326,0.38289726,0.4669481,0.117723644,0.00015070035,0.025455462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087544677,0.000033843655,0.0030421175,0.00004052596,0.0007692968,0.000005067691,0.00046912846,0.8987529,0.092613995,0.0006011209,0.0022252914,0.00057126326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000051944526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000042975422,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51585567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008221642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013515008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73912853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041047268","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.001240","title":"Retrieving composition and sizes of oceanic particle subpopulations from the volume scattering function","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Scattering; Forward scatter; Light scattering; Volume (thermodynamics); Particle (ecology); Function (biology); Composition (language); Mie scattering; Refractive index; Materials science; Physics; Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.011626964452581436,"score_gpt":0.1742711872637585,"score_spread":0.16264422281117707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041047268","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817478,0.000022731561,0.01607885,0.000030597872,0.00003094593,0.0000961206,0.0000017652876,0.000016163423,0.001975016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98836964,0.00002591578,0.0114487745,0.000092070826,0.000013427691,0.0000037100087,0.0000050841177,0.000008658379,0.00003272277],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995336,0.00000903008,0.0001297102,0.00012630424,0.00010143116,0.00009992167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997328,0.000026073978,0.00006241899,0.00014543608,0.0000012411356,0.0000320518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000062692765,0.00006633093,0.00006679053,0.0000010893953,0.00011223411,0.000008750663,0.00007318723,0.000032088483,0.00028882327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002168693,0.000054738703,0.0000156537,0.000070283575,0.00019129484,0.00007422808,0.00011391968,0.00005412883,0.000037265163],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046660414,0.00007301662,0.9218156,0.000003502227,0.00001968674,4.617056e-7,0.0012387258,0.0075006457,0.061372217,0.0017279838,0.000035196976,0.006166324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012650124,0.000025151929,0.9708762,0.0000037434918,0.000040759962,8.000465e-7,0.00039250526,0.026037408,0.0012313072,0.0011395928,0.00004882253,0.00007721909],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016191915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000101149035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060140908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033485587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":9.278269e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3162412},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041334995","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003022","title":"Application of integrated sensing and processing decision trees for target detection and localization on digital mirror array imagery","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Hyperspectral imaging; Computer science; Hadamard transform; Computer vision; Data cube; Artificial intelligence; Image processing; Remote sensing; Digital image processing; Set (abstract data type); Suite; Data set; Data processing; Pattern recognition (psychology); Optics; Data mining; Geology; Image (mathematics); Physics","score_opus":0.00651941891569049,"score_gpt":0.206025895745138,"score_spread":0.1995064768294475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041334995","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21758817,0.000036702564,0.7815634,0.000006518857,0.000029311135,0.00028788584,0.0000072693942,0.00011397264,0.00036675352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9077675,0.000007868419,0.09206071,0.0000057443785,0.00002974762,0.000005630786,0.000080478065,0.00003725373,0.000005101591],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993185,0.0000037621492,0.0002642948,0.00019530194,0.000102137456,0.00011605245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995686,0.000096980446,0.00008669404,0.000120527235,0.00010081438,0.000026380147],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000853396,0.00013473399,0.00014126045,0.00011314773,0.00007265284,0.000101378944,0.000025249023,0.0000932241,1.2528756e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004139981,0.00013649497,0.000016118353,0.00018010488,0.0000629749,0.00013087133,0.0000059383965,0.000064819316,9.995689e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041690404,0.000015047445,0.00008580228,0.00008352446,0.0000046713294,1.2832368e-7,0.000049336813,0.0131015815,0.5901436,0.0000908892,0.000009560103,0.39637414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024548403,0.000019443723,0.0015392272,0.00003686974,0.00001520859,0.000003835059,0.000070997325,0.7752099,0.22075291,0.0017124616,0.00027551525,0.00011815208],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000075421817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011910006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7621083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053652097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008161201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55661035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041470284","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.004235","title":"Standoff determination of the particle size and concentration of small optical depth clouds based on double-scattering measurements: validation with calibrated target plates and limitations for daytime and nighttime measurements","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Daytime; Remote sensing; Scattering; Light scattering; Laser; Environmental science; Materials science; Physics; Geology; Atmospheric sciences","score_opus":0.05232142176082879,"score_gpt":0.22455812735362768,"score_spread":0.17223670559279888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041470284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97762597,0.000008912153,0.020807663,0.000079258105,0.000011374907,0.00053732493,0.0000037990135,0.000008758555,0.00091695116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95517355,0.0000069519,0.04470911,0.000046584664,0.000004829867,0.000032600667,0.000005298975,0.000010094828,0.00001097165],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992462,0.000018036682,0.00020065613,0.0001716687,0.00024230673,0.000121137076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995482,0.00013901234,0.00012675158,0.000104534396,0.00003051404,0.000051017803],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016654114,0.00010133021,0.00012231863,0.000001122091,0.00013317546,0.000016381653,0.00004997552,0.000043065746,0.0000075487533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003294204,0.0000742748,0.000012073528,0.00009143773,0.0002567409,0.00007650863,0.000027238986,0.0000364551,3.0166316e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010599017,0.00031052646,0.40467665,0.00008142403,0.00005033383,5.51555e-7,0.0016024199,0.02910858,0.55915385,0.0007813236,0.00001236077,0.0031620509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004368627,0.00039509006,0.2292631,0.000035585676,0.00011187557,0.0000027980527,0.00015602606,0.12198772,0.64330226,0.00016387178,0.000012690424,0.00020035969],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009668466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002368994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17541355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030982646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001853678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30288386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041784588","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000026","title":"Optical levitation particle delivery system for a dual beam fiber optic trap","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Levitation; Optical tweezers; Optics; Radiation pressure; Optical fiber; Trap (plumbing); Optical force; Beam (structure); Laser; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Trapping; Fiber optic sensor; Physics","score_opus":0.00982308354162497,"score_gpt":0.21907345412063556,"score_spread":0.20925037057901058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041784588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95479333,0.00002686792,0.002698066,0.00008613983,0.00010828645,0.00067353284,0.00006111709,0.000102194426,0.04145047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97456825,0.0000013331887,0.022514222,0.000035595283,0.00042189247,0.0002407557,0.000098154414,0.00004944341,0.0020703452],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986247,0.000010377598,0.00036220296,0.00031687497,0.00022614072,0.0004597033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928355,0.00014206638,0.00006554733,0.00029114948,0.000067325964,0.0001503598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014387108,0.00022392106,0.00024713605,0.000027271433,0.00016595316,0.00010752401,0.0001353168,0.00007227231,0.00046352143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029598493,0.00022643233,0.00013444154,0.00013940953,0.00007977096,0.00011359233,0.00003251001,0.00012768681,0.00077793456],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022972387,0.0006981815,0.00016580528,0.00018061353,0.00031498575,0.0000098938,0.0007153539,0.009740762,0.009421613,0.8947782,0.0008695951,0.08287528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.028901212,0.0030831862,0.0036049078,0.0005236034,0.003962197,0.000103348444,0.02268788,0.26443636,0.5587436,0.049448278,0.056241103,0.00826434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000062381087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.0437067e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84532994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005570903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040235936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041982444","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.003092","title":"Design of a robust thin-film interference filter for erbium-doped fiber amplifier gain equalization","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Materials science; Multiplexing; Optical filter; Optical fiber; Computer science; Interference filter; Electronic engineering; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Telecommunications; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.06036117755280531,"score_gpt":0.23333197559773616,"score_spread":0.17297079804493085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041982444","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020860711,0.00020283871,0.9594706,0.000027311413,0.0002277716,0.0006620079,0.000027638018,0.00018805738,0.018333035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92563033,0.00006799687,0.0733559,0.00012252442,0.00008095053,0.00007742757,0.000025032636,0.00005264238,0.00058721256],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999181,0.000009564915,0.00029137355,0.00017027163,0.000108952954,0.00023888775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937063,0.0002390373,0.00004615299,0.00022285493,0.00005909986,0.000062226434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001084107,0.00016349026,0.00021115234,0.000052793446,0.00003088364,0.000037957987,0.00016811753,0.00011574045,0.0005071529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031005435,0.00015308855,0.000042643183,0.00013249386,0.000037888087,0.0000755677,0.000026081381,0.00009801087,0.00008205279],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029654218,0.0000589809,0.0000061386395,0.00024812022,0.00007722218,0.000001061899,0.0008162611,0.93273735,0.04306053,0.014871236,0.006493429,0.0015999994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041058206,0.000048299255,0.0000061684323,0.000035271507,0.000042462718,8.7326094e-7,0.00009933304,0.946871,0.05055898,0.0007935834,0.00090034114,0.00023312749],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014851278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.133039e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9047696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024104836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004600316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.624277},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042106408","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.000978","title":"Design of a difference-frequency infrared laser spectrometer for absorption line-shape studies","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Spectrometer; Optics; Laser; Infrared; Voigt profile; Absorption (acoustics); Materials science; Line (geometry); Imaging spectrometer; Absorption spectroscopy; Infrared spectroscopy; Physics; Spectral line","score_opus":0.04775429305359277,"score_gpt":0.30699526866704346,"score_spread":0.2592409756134507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042106408","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.612911,0.00026828222,0.36304635,0.00006324785,0.00007350179,0.00067260856,0.000057035744,0.00017312713,0.02273488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9105574,0.00013301217,0.08781496,0.000071324925,0.00020499143,0.00025864592,0.000052756706,0.00003221087,0.0008747227],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885345,0.00000352846,0.0004032091,0.0002644264,0.00016247387,0.00031290995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988119,0.00044826133,0.00017250857,0.00037871694,0.00012545621,0.000063167994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000209976,0.00018404801,0.00026971663,0.00006887347,0.00008803885,0.00001452809,0.00020215221,0.00013528312,0.00016088507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054002285,0.0001735064,0.000067925415,0.00017438299,0.00010288045,0.00003048463,0.00003710134,0.00013789503,0.00001784345],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015634428,0.00017545249,0.0000756839,0.00016096441,0.00014323246,9.58984e-7,0.00044191958,0.000103293234,0.9733001,0.023565166,0.00019484614,0.0016820269],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008708966,0.000096955264,0.00019459399,0.000027077293,0.00012862538,0.0000017187426,0.0006456875,0.0023293388,0.9466547,0.04858035,0.00021537807,0.00025472004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015755855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036200963,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2976464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000748228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035425142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70753855},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042276031","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.000342","title":"Comparison of modeled and observed astronomical refraction of the setting Sun","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Observatory; Radiosonde; Refraction; Sunset; Atmospheric refraction; Ray tracing (physics); Atmospheric optics; Optics; Photogrammetry; Geology; Geodesy; Meteorology; Physics; Remote sensing; Astronomy","score_opus":0.0351759224442617,"score_gpt":0.26042727232171964,"score_spread":0.22525134987745793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042276031","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94152015,0.000066612214,0.05505106,0.0000047544663,0.000037557515,0.000102663056,7.5086433e-7,0.000039762373,0.0031767082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.943143,0.000008099853,0.056820907,0.0000024640874,0.000005910829,0.0000058722226,9.1320703e-7,0.000008149582,0.0000046903633],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996541,0.0000077999985,0.0001584506,0.000051918865,0.000050806244,0.000076915465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997872,0.000027856544,0.000051718675,0.00010470005,0.0000155717,0.000012928438],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010212386,0.000054971206,0.0001282704,0.000016223774,0.000016921604,0.0000014740853,0.00004037586,0.0000507264,0.0000014401511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001466489,0.000046354584,0.000017054388,0.000040807794,0.00003278156,0.000019407842,0.000009598264,0.00009788553,1.5948814e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022079132,0.00004704242,0.0385927,0.00007065192,0.00004694183,2.7578931e-8,0.00016256099,0.14778735,0.78416073,0.026118066,0.000059453916,0.0029323718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003005843,0.000022999391,0.0046147862,0.000010457371,0.000034967066,2.7180937e-7,0.00013135832,0.03832079,0.9550033,0.0011878349,0.00029770163,0.00007493752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.6847205e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.772039e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17084254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014970106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004634445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18902852},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042563854","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.001977","title":"Finite-difference time-domain solution of light scattering by an infinite dielectric column immersed in an absorbing medium","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ViTRAK Systems (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Finite-difference time-domain method; Perfectly matched layer; Scattering; Optics; Absorption (acoustics); Materials science; Light scattering; Dielectric; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Wavelength; Physics; Computational physics; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.010399423127954851,"score_gpt":0.24115350340741148,"score_spread":0.23075408027945662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042563854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93776673,0.00011148331,0.056564394,0.000094340794,0.000057083063,0.00023197223,0.000003867529,0.00016524694,0.005004864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9578547,0.000031462623,0.041831046,0.00009798131,0.00006355779,0.000022906528,0.000028035725,0.0000386122,0.00003170312],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988188,0.0000475252,0.0003932525,0.00020468097,0.00017516325,0.00036058103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936306,0.00020089452,0.00006152607,0.00023182225,0.00002588242,0.00011683046],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024042532,0.0001762709,0.00026201102,0.00016597038,0.000039814913,0.00002437664,0.00017132788,0.00013124406,0.00006669721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025207119,0.00020349058,0.00002647571,0.000488783,0.00003326428,0.00009398174,0.000020964355,0.00022383966,0.000020066447],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023690978,0.00009520218,0.00011054409,0.000021862386,0.000008638343,6.001547e-7,0.00042465315,0.034201764,0.93630916,0.00023540933,0.000030719897,0.028537728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007403724,0.00020346987,0.0032879869,0.000017024287,0.000014546351,0.0000010670342,0.00004933526,0.85505474,0.13969286,0.00027249433,0.00034539707,0.00032067896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000067139586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012215325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.820853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000075292155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016778164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8298105},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043121406","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000303","title":"Demonstration of a Fresnel axicon","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University; Algonquin College","funders":"","keywords":"Axicon; Optics; Fresnel diffraction; Bessel beam; Diffraction; Fresnel lens; Strehl ratio; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Interference (communication); Ptychography; Physics; Fresnel zone; Bessel function; Materials science; Wavefront; Laser; Lens (geology); Computer science; Laser beams; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.017147441188528987,"score_gpt":0.20371317994854848,"score_spread":0.1865657387600195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043121406","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4375126,0.0000069978773,0.0138278855,0.000007261224,0.00006711527,0.0001262581,0.000011972367,0.000018208553,0.5484217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98167056,8.3677924e-7,0.017968912,0.000011225913,0.00006977863,0.000011973989,0.000014562966,0.00001216927,0.0002399786],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949133,0.000004134753,0.00017746455,0.00010379711,0.00009580636,0.00012747935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964476,0.0000134439115,0.000087491564,0.00018210197,0.000032848337,0.000039343224],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049289916,0.00008549727,0.00010639437,0.00002668932,0.000021165395,0.0000076252363,0.00010236265,0.000029769959,0.00022026515],"category_scores_gemma":[8.488299e-7,0.00008467245,0.000042037893,0.00007367766,0.000060391034,0.000039254344,0.000038692684,0.000069236645,0.00005966387],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008546686,0.000160608,0.005117567,0.000008329475,0.000037771293,3.8022893e-7,0.0004931215,0.000013443134,0.009020119,0.9817654,0.00007116398,0.0033035683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014117659,0.00022836837,0.008139543,0.000027056249,0.00018339217,0.000001461286,0.0034949244,0.0015865222,0.7105465,0.27302992,0.00067430787,0.00067621924],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023476512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.846328e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70873547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005500835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001933079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34528422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043374446","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000157","title":"High-rate automated deposition system for the manufacture of complex multilayer coatings","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Sputter deposition; Deposition (geology); Materials science; Substrate (aquarium); Cavity magnetron; Thin film; Optics; Optical coating; Sputtering; Physical vapor deposition; Optoelectronics; Coating; Nanotechnology; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.014329608001040531,"score_gpt":0.2414992230587796,"score_spread":0.22716961505773908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043374446","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99076784,0.000009669546,0.0056134816,0.00020241321,0.00011960579,0.0007454835,0.00008934738,0.0003528646,0.002099316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9293409,0.0000021079272,0.07012556,0.000215845,0.00007697382,0.000079223195,0.000029516312,0.000022479473,0.000107399865],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988809,0.00002280529,0.0004017515,0.0002308824,0.00019353993,0.00027009269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900496,0.00039499477,0.00019388647,0.00025457962,0.00009937019,0.0000521881],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035737964,0.00016103378,0.00025053028,0.000017513645,0.00027604244,0.0000973241,0.00024113267,0.00009632551,0.00016261186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024603281,0.000106997475,0.00005530285,0.00009476274,0.000109601606,0.000051895353,0.000034095607,0.00008100625,0.00009614215],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000084590494,0.000034412766,0.0000030889764,0.0001446961,0.000008939327,6.982565e-7,0.0002453121,0.005340997,0.97094923,0.021096664,0.00057067175,0.0015207074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007861454,0.0001025912,0.00057475636,0.00004683848,0.00008907238,0.000005027855,0.0003555939,0.10622685,0.8908621,0.00030954738,0.0004313406,0.00021015956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006413194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006564412,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.100885846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000270821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014956204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43632305},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043954389","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.001811","title":"Strain mapping by measurement of the degree of polarization of photoluminescence","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Photoluminescence; Strain (injury); Degree of polarization; Optics; Luminescence; Polarization (electrochemistry); Shear (geology); Shear stress; Degree (music); Composite material; Optoelectronics; Physics; Chemistry; Acoustics","score_opus":0.03175056373815818,"score_gpt":0.21818801892247705,"score_spread":0.18643745518431887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043954389","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920787,0.0000493171,0.005583375,0.000017973938,0.000052757918,0.00016489558,0.00007046622,0.000003159203,0.0019793408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99848545,9.965532e-7,0.0014589416,0.000009993325,0.000021437427,0.000002455609,0.000010331683,0.000006230393,0.0000041417456],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935937,0.0000054434277,0.00024120705,0.00008452013,0.00022506616,0.00008441657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945056,0.000010275737,0.00025639444,0.00018076831,0.000085525084,0.000016466305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000762017,0.000073426716,0.00013755728,0.000016391614,0.000024649446,0.0000038405287,0.00015418451,0.000024512561,0.000016650776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035067997,0.00005536252,0.00004705795,0.00013085945,0.00006778159,0.000020550253,0.000029763632,0.000051776904,2.624992e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003375079,0.00003915591,0.0049186596,0.00003710871,0.000029474062,9.995785e-9,0.00021543048,0.00015683523,0.92914516,0.06481352,0.000009743256,0.0006315272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039935153,0.000013900558,0.006324176,0.00004942921,0.000026044763,1.05687135e-7,0.00082266534,0.000059260667,0.98633146,0.005859317,0.000041680396,0.00007259416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017286104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027317626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0589542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009728185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004876857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22576182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044087706","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.005343","title":"Enhanced birefringence in vacuum evaporated silicon thin films","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Birefringence; Materials science; Optics; Anisotropy; Tilt (camera); Thin film; Silicon; Wavelength; Ellipsometry; Substrate (aquarium); Refractive index; Scanning electron microscope; Nanometre; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.012453849445013942,"score_gpt":0.24170720132379225,"score_spread":0.22925335187877832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044087706","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98556316,0.0000189954,0.0012939713,0.00014475163,0.0001385463,0.0002496668,0.0000052437163,0.00012705973,0.0124585815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96798307,0.0000078330095,0.031511802,0.00029925178,0.000039193415,0.000039921953,0.0000058791,0.000020939196,0.0000921277],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985519,0.0000123004975,0.0003745779,0.00038336377,0.00026108825,0.00041673623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993846,0.00006619417,0.00011549002,0.00027466353,0.00005904963,0.000099998826],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033900014,0.0001801186,0.00022735826,0.000054322212,0.00009472862,0.00010481517,0.00027982093,0.00011693739,0.00015122438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008466026,0.00016176808,0.000028415665,0.00036648763,0.00009745346,0.000117435426,0.00010571824,0.00019137708,0.0006191169],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018191533,0.00006820187,0.000015457617,0.0000158958,0.0000012928773,0.000005798648,0.00054667686,0.0032449928,0.9432186,0.052668583,0.000012915275,0.00018338926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006271135,0.000073765645,0.00035085724,0.00003566259,0.000006389012,0.000001419955,0.0002619427,0.00076803105,0.9868983,0.010697688,0.00003094061,0.0002479129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055525208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044286837,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04367967,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053890024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007394037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7957701},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044149120","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.001583","title":"Distributed Brillouin scattering sensor for discrimination of wall-thinning defects in steel pipe under internal pressure","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Brillouin scattering; Internal pressure; Scattering; Brillouin zone; Optical fiber; Pressure sensor; Orientation (vector space); Light scattering; Composite material; Geometry; Physics","score_opus":0.012484835964375105,"score_gpt":0.23340228921295814,"score_spread":0.22091745324858303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044149120","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5284167,0.00005519997,0.47018248,0.000046558725,0.000114183385,0.00032678185,0.00002912931,0.000112262984,0.0007167466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9541962,0.000013989049,0.045552533,0.000030646745,0.000039549537,0.0000359876,0.000048550395,0.000059846574,0.000022702767],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903834,0.0000044843714,0.00032534925,0.00019373283,0.00014414953,0.000293921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954295,0.000102121194,0.00006711139,0.00019864646,0.00003970166,0.000049486825],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008303528,0.00017877288,0.00022572493,0.00009501692,0.000026822174,0.000019471978,0.00012532769,0.00010869493,0.0000033708982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031041596,0.00020372604,0.000048492842,0.00015476285,0.000043297914,0.00008808469,0.000036798414,0.00016552208,0.0000034032846],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024773952,0.00002302604,0.000078287,0.00022831814,0.000038575086,0.0000021487501,0.0005926609,0.8430116,0.14925772,0.006300432,0.000009210841,0.0004332377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006537169,0.00014092303,0.013100253,0.00074699364,0.00026311952,0.00003545069,0.0026960454,0.26236624,0.7012925,0.010821746,0.00072599266,0.0012735636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009358811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021875838,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5806454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001175775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011307207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8307707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044183511","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.002944","title":"Optical limiting studies in a carbon-black suspension for subnanosecond and subpicosecond laser pulses","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bombardier Recreational Products (Canada); Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Optics; Suspension (topology); Sapphire; Pulse (music); Carbon black; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.04586669512526913,"score_gpt":0.25487728532348,"score_spread":0.20901059019821083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044183511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902549,0.0008603711,0.00003757497,0.00007482994,0.0002011478,0.0004082966,0.00001079979,0.00011366334,0.008038441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886816,0.00091266417,0.009981014,0.00005352801,0.00017056426,0.00007695392,0.000004099359,0.00005542771,0.000064120475],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988779,0.0000070554865,0.00034844293,0.00024785622,0.00009523513,0.0004235145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919736,0.00050670863,0.000025592657,0.00015313028,0.00004616076,0.00007106598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013874128,0.00023212266,0.00041750088,0.00007473155,0.000045904857,0.000042440173,0.00007307078,0.00010615139,0.000013907214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014952745,0.0002248808,0.000029021154,0.00010201639,0.00018884364,0.00004796074,0.000095451825,0.00013162398,0.000015789348],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049050705,0.001330756,0.007704306,0.012646586,0.0022456232,0.0004519873,0.021899354,0.033016305,0.71623176,0.16788091,0.0052588386,0.03084304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009831641,0.0006285416,0.005041976,0.0005378893,0.00045052398,0.00006282065,0.010197139,0.40354788,0.54949135,0.01447556,0.0022795508,0.0034551255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000010721033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041294978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3705316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005081359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000030046892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9170373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044208360","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000411","title":"Optical remote sensing inside an inhomogeneous axisymmetric medium: the absorption field measurement","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Refractive index; Physics; Maxima and minima; Rotational symmetry; Imaging phantom; Monotonic function; Refraction; Absorption (acoustics); Field (mathematics); Mathematical analysis; Mathematics","score_opus":0.014590150381254711,"score_gpt":0.20695890831602543,"score_spread":0.1923687579347707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044208360","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5571604,0.00034086176,0.32457137,0.00033241665,0.00052069715,0.0005060017,0.0000034858629,0.0006772802,0.11588754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812125,0.00018343634,0.017784666,0.000474436,0.00026216413,0.0000017711163,0.000005215125,0.000043705902,0.000032124673],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871826,0.0000141397295,0.00025722408,0.00019821622,0.00043186982,0.00038030412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930984,0.00012992976,0.000021169843,0.00037855547,0.000046263096,0.000114250666],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036011494,0.00019256923,0.00016584665,0.00006791402,0.00012729388,0.00006847283,0.00017260498,0.00010825205,0.000067784975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005336529,0.0001601873,0.00004229472,0.00028225483,0.00004374674,0.000054357613,0.000017914927,0.00033878378,0.00008859704],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027438447,0.000025537092,0.0000029290509,0.000035159883,0.00006898431,0.000032115306,0.00052797695,0.08375755,0.05279936,0.00046350612,0.00052502955,0.8617344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006354999,0.000065795706,0.00037355197,0.000044683693,0.00015212658,0.00018662825,0.00031618486,0.90752244,0.083905965,0.0019417251,0.0042825867,0.0005728077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028871558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019396706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8611616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012003263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033037053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6532248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044741762","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.004898","title":"Cryogenic fluid level sensors multiplexed by frequency-shifted interferometry","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; Optics; Interferometry; Liquid nitrogen; Attenuation; Fiber optic sensor; Absorption (acoustics); Astronomical interferometer; Optical fiber; Multiplexing; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Electronic engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.012087063811281868,"score_gpt":0.21370993944763153,"score_spread":0.20162287563634967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044741762","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97347265,0.000082400096,0.0107167205,0.000034200355,0.00094953127,0.0003573941,0.000101872596,0.00096244866,0.013322763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.840561,0.000031879208,0.15863493,0.00006851384,0.00014371503,0.000036685153,0.000061609346,0.0001586248,0.00030305213],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982679,0.000008229037,0.00044896393,0.00038591836,0.0002703274,0.0006186977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99873155,0.00018927226,0.00005594185,0.00073563826,0.000058740286,0.00022883428],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000114423856,0.00040634867,0.00035086204,0.00015854137,0.0000777703,0.000048642436,0.0003872167,0.0003563498,0.00018207524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009449567,0.00044659022,0.00008679388,0.0004188089,0.00013536698,0.000104647894,0.00006761725,0.00083444454,0.00050453463],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001040417,0.000032557113,0.00006258298,0.000026308722,0.000082957755,0.000007867924,0.00020772415,0.0039622094,0.989396,0.0034942839,0.0011541939,0.0015629488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023789424,0.00007176176,0.0011418551,0.000024703986,0.000119469674,0.00006686074,0.00051938556,0.05816812,0.9262731,0.0030000955,0.0062615764,0.0019740975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000058159135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014177605,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14791821,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007655984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016315484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044882801","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.002465","title":"Design and implementation of a modulator-based free-space optical backplane for multiprocessor applications","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Backplane; Multiprocessing; Optical interconnect; Interconnection; Very-large-scale integration; Transceiver; Multiplexing; Chip; Computer hardware; Embedded system; Parallel computing; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.013713443592847905,"score_gpt":0.24383403914531987,"score_spread":0.23012059555247197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044882801","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14250869,0.00014872043,0.8552861,0.000030961302,0.000035000015,0.0011044146,0.000036780468,0.00008881693,0.00076048804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6926073,0.00001516723,0.30703923,0.000023116001,0.0000146280645,0.00025774326,0.000017533659,0.000022039654,0.000003255759],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993673,0.0000056714603,0.00019972655,0.00015230334,0.00009115978,0.00018386287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936855,0.0002865053,0.000032504056,0.00018661343,0.000046188397,0.000079620695],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000131021,0.00012315196,0.00015802581,0.00004071574,0.000044662393,0.000020052974,0.00008522238,0.00007448752,0.000014064431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017208582,0.00012393929,0.000022071246,0.000105284314,0.00004335748,0.000036690228,0.000008079211,0.00006621047,0.00000281899],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005405723,0.00012786376,0.00025295903,0.001075253,0.00014166461,7.097987e-7,0.00027292478,0.16317515,0.36035803,0.46831852,0.00048058803,0.0057422677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024753679,0.0000900839,0.00016503333,0.0000126918685,0.000118817545,0.0000016995906,0.00064902956,0.20536323,0.7833389,0.0052502076,0.0021678766,0.00036706706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014917912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027152423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5500986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016946353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002143757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5054097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045357501","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001459","title":"Passive long-range surface plasmon-polariton devices in Cytop","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Surface plasmon polariton; Surface plasmon; Materials science; Astronomical interferometer; Optics; Optoelectronics; Fabrication; Plasmon; Refractive index; Polariton; Range (aeronautics); Biosensor; Interferometry; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.015102649886700473,"score_gpt":0.2368633685187517,"score_spread":0.2217607186320512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045357501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97724015,0.000758254,0.00064956816,0.00006026484,0.00027192867,0.00026972409,0.000020181878,0.0001941929,0.020535728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916006,0.00029426464,0.0077903974,0.000035534693,0.000028974846,0.000024449828,0.000020288917,0.00005483295,0.00015071276],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983346,0.000018125958,0.00026879483,0.00018567959,0.00033447542,0.00085835747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992093,0.00024383517,0.000027462478,0.00027367962,0.00002470898,0.00022103282],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026721097,0.0002406103,0.0002781695,0.000092567876,0.0000584716,0.000050108887,0.0002625506,0.0002231775,0.000060789655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018715937,0.00024584003,0.00004286822,0.0003232911,0.00005174914,0.00019545111,0.00007911734,0.00052530336,0.0005194811],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013645105,0.00050629926,0.53547114,0.0006601135,0.0002986618,0.00012948252,0.0028092766,0.41282806,0.0148203755,0.02449636,0.0038614993,0.003982277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005541335,0.00013572969,0.39160356,0.00022528614,0.0001437708,0.00006456202,0.0031410307,0.4280819,0.13678864,0.00081725727,0.029581366,0.0038755666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027764998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011826954,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1438676,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013523186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027217935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045564518","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.006324","title":"Measurement of the optical properties of a two-layer model of the human head using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lawson Health Research Institute; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Spectroscopy; Absorption (acoustics); Broadband; Attenuation coefficient; Infrared; Scattering; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Layer (electronics); Detector; Absorption spectroscopy; Chromophore; Spectral line; Physics","score_opus":0.058432624942707845,"score_gpt":0.31861729479382733,"score_spread":0.2601846698511195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045564518","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824367,0.00004034963,0.003388854,0.00023745769,0.000063389736,0.00061586,0.000003612923,0.000034210312,0.013179577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92487836,0.0000032687542,0.07489816,0.000073021496,0.00004002885,0.000011264649,2.8353958e-7,0.000027083559,0.000068508925],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998385,0.000017619046,0.00047410262,0.000189265,0.0006831178,0.0002509075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99868095,0.000013330784,0.0001848359,0.00078319415,0.00027246933,0.00006520151],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035747155,0.00017254928,0.00041977694,0.000033945835,0.0001083266,0.00001679657,0.00026181235,0.00010012411,0.0000075407524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000086679174,0.000095329495,0.00015034992,0.00017062604,0.0008773611,0.000027293767,0.00014344178,0.00048601028,4.611464e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005430668,0.0002655389,0.0015618107,0.0001384181,0.000045929966,1.605948e-7,0.00020540753,0.0002650746,0.97491455,0.022487564,0.000029635361,0.00003158485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006762772,0.000088070046,0.000976412,0.0002309028,0.00020965682,0.000004787714,0.0000382697,0.02584724,0.96901715,0.0028089124,0.000007801147,0.0000945094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044395685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011189556,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07150931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049496306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025028552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3887424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045720362","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.005020","title":"System optimization of a long-range Brillouin-loss-based distributed fiber sensor","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Brillouin scattering; Optical fiber; Range (aeronautics); Fiber optic sensor; Materials science; Fiber; Physics","score_opus":0.005857490575877322,"score_gpt":0.2029618887631199,"score_spread":0.1971043981872426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045720362","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3988925,0.000028338776,0.59011334,0.000025658974,0.0005281039,0.00060890446,0.00018214024,0.0009400205,0.008681008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83773464,0.0000044746103,0.16185421,0.000011113364,0.00010022765,0.000027076856,0.00012969125,0.00008826342,0.00005028696],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988155,0.000007013146,0.00039218462,0.0002224511,0.0002387877,0.00032406521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902886,0.00013175893,0.00009367355,0.0005195732,0.00011191195,0.00011419564],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008727285,0.0002464806,0.00031831727,0.00008570943,0.00004484847,0.000021828253,0.00016624227,0.00022459467,0.00006954626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003089499,0.00026619562,0.000068103225,0.00031079972,0.000096730975,0.000053458803,0.00002335699,0.00028192694,0.00007870241],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019039864,0.000022419681,0.00020041793,0.00021292189,0.000036678088,0.000014047591,0.000041457984,0.9928629,0.0046048844,0.0015603593,0.000042469466,0.00038241298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011727121,0.000024055194,0.00061854115,0.00004845144,0.00009561525,0.000029475632,0.000099673285,0.968758,0.028006125,0.000017233093,0.0006422682,0.00048788197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000022639335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029717053,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43884218,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006721089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001880449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045750652","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.004235","title":"Wide-field Fizeau imaging telescope: experimental results","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Dynamics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Telescope; Optical telescope; Fizeau interferometer; Physics; Interferometry; Astronomical interferometer","score_opus":0.0069482519233202665,"score_gpt":0.22619467752218503,"score_spread":0.21924642559886476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045750652","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22892359,0.00007822591,0.041141074,0.0003298659,0.00022373795,0.00028186323,0.0000294391,0.00007724801,0.728915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98060954,6.790345e-7,0.017708749,0.00016161348,0.0005371328,0.000007578904,0.000069433976,0.000032845248,0.0008724359],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989105,0.000007493921,0.00029008967,0.0002948188,0.00015897016,0.00033811704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994276,0.00010521075,0.0001069683,0.00026181887,0.00003646886,0.00006194446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000078195815,0.00019589879,0.00017611701,0.000037343776,0.00017098465,0.00008877725,0.00011389245,0.000032011998,0.000054107295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000032348225,0.00019808263,0.000066649976,0.00008323439,0.00005118456,0.00006701896,0.00008674448,0.00015749689,0.000089427966],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001945774,0.0005425542,0.0053612143,0.0000074731356,0.0000782906,0.000033282577,0.00040655257,0.0018516822,0.07025339,0.87813896,0.030031804,0.013100239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065187085,0.00016038665,0.0026591164,0.000086395565,0.00012618928,0.000008154951,0.006134216,0.01944754,0.8642,0.04656982,0.051960338,0.002129155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002063512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023851119,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83156914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025885452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025264435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8077575},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046061247","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.006806","title":"Single-mode operation of a broad-area semiconductor laser with an anamorphic external cavity: experimental and numerical results","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Laser; Semiconductor laser theory; Longitudinal mode; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Materials science; Beam divergence; Laser beam quality; Injection seeder; Beam (structure); Semiconductor; Physics; Optoelectronics; Laser beams","score_opus":0.015081634375311436,"score_gpt":0.2275923173970888,"score_spread":0.21251068302177736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046061247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99571174,0.00016855261,0.00031079433,0.000009115483,0.0000406391,0.00015881471,0.000038596143,0.00009401188,0.003467756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905422,0.000026422833,0.009167008,0.000059910326,0.00007304234,0.000013824271,0.000043001208,0.00003733246,0.00003730157],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990933,0.000009807471,0.00025376028,0.00025155538,0.00017485823,0.00021674197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953985,0.000032617034,0.000029221974,0.0002278348,0.000021684938,0.00014879339],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004673134,0.00019317669,0.0002287908,0.00003849227,0.000043267744,0.000059237227,0.000100987076,0.00009433681,0.000106817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000030318913,0.00016681655,0.000020362588,0.000098250806,0.000087635526,0.00019264722,0.000015556912,0.00013465784,0.000008655705],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038389207,0.00019333878,0.00010276586,0.00003215596,0.000041833133,0.000014099728,0.0006863382,0.018246882,0.9740119,0.0004209454,0.00004558013,0.005820277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016014426,0.0006949959,0.00041291834,0.000054306875,0.00005690115,0.000041327097,0.00049509335,0.14788926,0.8477505,0.00008919412,0.00040714606,0.0005069317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040751427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000972275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12964238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003158676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011467634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68025815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046771587","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.00c124","title":"Estimation of the average residual reflectance of broadband antireflection coatings","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Refractive index; Optics; Residual; Materials science; Broadband; Coating; Reflectivity; Optoelectronics; Mathematics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.012087280802987535,"score_gpt":0.2665509933449568,"score_spread":0.25446371254196926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046771587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9703615,0.000010621725,0.011243527,0.00004911832,0.00011754803,0.0001720582,0.00000439638,0.000025142694,0.018016111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9625466,0.000002443319,0.037235368,0.000059810656,0.000040537463,0.000002623091,0.0000016722875,0.000010066887,0.00010086206],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889266,0.000015057596,0.00042513086,0.00015872666,0.0003224368,0.00018601112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991172,0.00017040841,0.0003640517,0.00022079152,0.00009758628,0.000029984722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007133904,0.000092925584,0.00016432977,0.00003119158,0.00011394422,0.000020687958,0.00017304528,0.000073014875,0.000019481291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019501318,0.00006873112,0.000033093598,0.0002792211,0.00016578057,0.00006204066,0.000062824,0.00010147511,0.000007809012],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040039235,0.000031424577,0.00016093544,0.000049353806,0.0000016759635,2.0539048e-7,0.00043595384,0.0011914304,0.9634983,0.03310509,0.000043520864,0.0014420877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021193747,0.00006896708,0.0013521812,0.000037277587,0.000014086946,0.0000025425784,0.00007823914,0.0013472141,0.9934525,0.0033334286,0.00002324874,0.00007838755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017599326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016456032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029954208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020829037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029775325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28027737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046835822","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.000930","title":"Optical selection, manipulation, trapping, and activation of a microgear structure for applications in micro-optical–electromechanical systems","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Optical tweezers; Laser; Torque; Optoelectronics; Micrometer; Physics","score_opus":0.00825365984977953,"score_gpt":0.22863867437654883,"score_spread":0.2203850145267693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046835822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7246858,0.000022602906,0.2732689,0.00007051953,0.000028863658,0.0010302205,0.000023548224,0.000022978234,0.0008465579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97931135,0.0000045423885,0.020168576,0.000010745872,0.0001232527,0.00017527671,0.00012457605,0.000029495652,0.000052163017],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988776,0.000009349714,0.0004141451,0.00028979,0.00013141813,0.00027774178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940425,0.0001243196,0.00013111666,0.00016298683,0.000105541185,0.000071789495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000098378616,0.00017733633,0.00026502783,0.00010413552,0.00008735483,0.0000490006,0.00010438652,0.000112942434,0.00001578064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000070498936,0.00018314917,0.000047848607,0.00032269635,0.00006018761,0.00006695665,0.000033396544,0.0001678594,0.0000015922083],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003452456,0.0001673472,0.0044712685,0.00006818733,0.00005624937,8.1982904e-8,0.000096483214,0.00070731784,0.24496996,0.74838626,0.00002054485,0.001021764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0059849136,0.00059508596,0.010052156,0.00014138626,0.00043455264,0.000036476726,0.004110126,0.05489235,0.6966375,0.22023232,0.0051714955,0.0017116392],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016553488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002944483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52815396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047507856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003922762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7468606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047467297","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.002368","title":"Modified Ångström exponent for the characterization of submicrometer aerosols","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":270,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Angstrom exponent; Physics; Exponent; Optics; Angstrom; RADIUS; Effective radius; Computational physics; Wavelength; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.014568211684730303,"score_gpt":0.21074611837943827,"score_spread":0.19617790669470797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047467297","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.909535,0.000004664838,0.08593146,0.00016983278,0.000071353286,0.00043603414,0.0000068196655,0.000016221798,0.0038286436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945234,0.0000645507,0.0042472566,0.00023375367,0.000046957837,0.00009937574,0.000015944393,0.000015827129,0.0007529495],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993042,0.0000047619446,0.0001905683,0.00015899258,0.00015185874,0.00018966282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995606,0.00005020429,0.000105744926,0.00023937003,0.000007126727,0.000036943013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010506452,0.0000985304,0.000111778434,7.507939e-7,0.00009935481,0.00001643489,0.00019958695,0.00005383245,0.00030281508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000053298622,0.00006968275,0.000046825295,0.0001229782,0.000116403346,0.000040434872,0.00008239882,0.000048176895,0.00004714421],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008368297,0.00010851524,0.0034258843,0.000008131582,0.000022361888,5.452418e-7,0.00038630833,0.0021275003,0.97737193,0.0035250268,0.00023329898,0.012706836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005104938,0.0006506612,0.51039386,0.00003500687,0.0004035443,0.000023759798,0.0013413966,0.070187,0.3395039,0.004257296,0.06624687,0.0018517218],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014580315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029646528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.637868,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029703115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003923721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33156127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047534274","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.005552","title":"512-channel vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser based free-space optical link","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Optical interconnect; Free-space optical communication; Free space; Laser; Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; Materials science; Interconnection; Channel (broadcasting); Optoelectronics; Printed circuit board; Physics; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.017673564492543512,"score_gpt":0.19656107165692496,"score_spread":0.17888750716438145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047534274","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8854083,0.0004891118,0.009158032,0.001241975,0.0007656447,0.00044735166,0.00003525741,0.001220181,0.101234145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97892964,0.0000680465,0.020000191,0.0004113104,0.00031481657,0.000017215474,0.000014379064,0.00010363139,0.00014075797],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980594,0.000018248566,0.0004008916,0.00040208272,0.0003730273,0.0007463418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99828947,0.00053792377,0.000025353325,0.0006988615,0.000059399863,0.0003890055],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021369418,0.00037891147,0.0003972755,0.000056473058,0.00013753909,0.00011618069,0.0003962232,0.00033332861,0.00035083925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015697305,0.00037568522,0.00012011558,0.00031157385,0.0001331464,0.00011446641,0.00010718079,0.0006865019,0.0006054591],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000094199175,0.0007133492,0.0006051342,0.0009041481,0.00047898878,0.00021778139,0.0009207022,0.7422001,0.15492056,0.06678794,0.025780153,0.0063769813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010540958,0.000045580462,0.00015471243,0.00004238096,0.00009815931,0.0000033674576,0.00010679947,0.88761705,0.10568048,0.0007223409,0.0037855683,0.0006894451],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000460068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005785562,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.145417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008342383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010887552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047570085","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.003967","title":"Approach to nonparametric cooperative multiband segmentation with adaptive threshold","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Segmentation; Nonparametric statistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Homogeneity (statistics); Image segmentation; Scale-space segmentation; Computer vision; Pattern recognition (psychology); Segmentation-based object categorization; Image resolution; Mathematics; Statistics; Machine learning","score_opus":0.01856026190975653,"score_gpt":0.22204670565249762,"score_spread":0.2034864437427411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047570085","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13227585,0.000023503053,0.7757206,0.000039339815,0.000048115722,0.0008182708,0.0000038470157,0.00028484466,0.09078562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7508968,0.0000066440025,0.24884002,0.00009620806,0.0000376034,0.0000132341775,0.000023326891,0.000024685856,0.00006147992],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992123,0.000005891815,0.00015896933,0.00022828758,0.00019020685,0.0002043164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995377,0.00003283992,0.000029178202,0.00023627472,0.00007919693,0.000084827014],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006554963,0.00017595696,0.00015564734,0.00013717392,0.000058089612,0.00007202971,0.00008819672,0.0000674351,0.0000013816461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009823736,0.00015914714,0.000014877861,0.0006438673,0.000028394088,0.00008741621,0.00000771223,0.0001500323,0.00005747851],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006512062,0.000097864075,0.0000128272395,0.000012365998,0.000042773674,0.0000023722494,0.0012832197,0.88455415,0.08938318,0.0056460286,0.00054919807,0.018350916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008649346,0.00020924046,0.0025760797,0.000016896,0.000046956025,0.000008604466,0.0007081933,0.90203065,0.09284303,0.00011711263,0.00012704724,0.00045122876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000010128394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010471211,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61862093,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118126554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013621358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6489832},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047919609","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.006719","title":"Sensitive absorption spectroscopy by use of an asymmetric multiple-quantum-well diode laser in an external cavity","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Materials science; Optics; Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy; Optoelectronics; Spectroscopy; Tunable laser; Diode; Wavelength; Absorption (acoustics); Semiconductor laser theory; Optical cavity; Absorption spectroscopy; Physics","score_opus":0.016501746950897865,"score_gpt":0.2646188881220203,"score_spread":0.2481171411711224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047919609","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868578,0.000014746034,0.008750507,0.000018704271,0.000025968407,0.00020412428,0.00013459999,0.00008829221,0.0039053028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900831,0.00009430346,0.009076227,0.0000846065,0.00011883067,0.000050011844,0.00031550575,0.000044797973,0.00013260907],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840736,0.000024264424,0.000404054,0.00048463262,0.0002788257,0.00040084295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874014,0.0001941708,0.00018190507,0.0006365775,0.00006918934,0.00017803264],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013881142,0.00025120936,0.00029693995,0.0001314435,0.00008315232,0.000061373255,0.00021887275,0.00020656304,0.00011462329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028334083,0.00027609192,0.000055773442,0.00047231643,0.00010412153,0.00025193777,0.000046199002,0.00036289243,0.000044639182],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028526457,0.0009472389,0.009825875,0.00002098832,0.000016044485,0.000015590245,0.00018080106,0.0010927065,0.9847792,0.0021343282,0.000065650784,0.00063631724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010135006,0.000068075366,0.0066894344,0.000015183314,0.000040015926,0.000010465898,0.00026392707,0.044585675,0.94608784,0.0006091405,0.00031514931,0.0003015669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003844723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002928463,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04349297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014834983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033235814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999691},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048020748","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.00c251","title":"Optical modeling of organic solar cells based on CuPc and C_60","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cegep de Saint Jerome","funders":"","keywords":"PEDOT:PSS; Materials science; Organic solar cell; Exciton; Current density; Short circuit; Optoelectronics; Diffusion; Heterojunction; Phthalocyanine; Organic semiconductor; Quantum efficiency; Layer (electronics); Optics; Nanotechnology; Voltage; Condensed matter physics; Polymer; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.007517224661818163,"score_gpt":0.17050356074123374,"score_spread":0.16298633607941557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048020748","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9460358,0.00012829454,0.04452122,0.000016141987,0.00008223404,0.0001649538,0.000005507539,0.00012198067,0.008923891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941735,0.00045500367,0.0052115344,0.00005621894,0.000038232047,0.0000032479459,0.0000042420515,0.000049132315,0.000008868925],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993089,0.0000028471854,0.00018365248,0.00013245862,0.0001417616,0.00023038275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996245,0.000052369684,0.000016622444,0.00021102706,0.000021904332,0.00007357854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007113783,0.00013720115,0.00017960128,0.000048091195,0.000046995592,0.000008336409,0.00008858577,0.000103208054,0.000022408214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055352807,0.00014211716,0.000025560472,0.00012867834,0.000031100048,0.00001644385,0.00002012734,0.00022261393,0.00001570543],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001378683,0.000053623568,0.000020962443,0.00007595987,0.000025521187,0.0000056521258,0.00013355899,0.35916018,0.6374017,0.0028527684,0.0000931512,0.00016310833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021216988,0.000038453367,0.0000032677233,0.0000055350497,0.000012950065,0.0000023639132,0.000007930918,0.59215933,0.40716428,0.00019569356,0.00009105431,0.00010699311],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013011678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018408654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23299913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029908037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003677393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.579537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048272851","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.002290","title":"Multiple path interference and differential modal delay reduction using spatial filters in a 4F system","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interference (communication); Reduction (mathematics); Spatial filter; Modal; Path (computing); Spatial frequency; Noise reduction; Materials science; Physics; Computer science; Acoustics; Telecommunications; Mathematics","score_opus":0.017039010181966456,"score_gpt":0.198594991656404,"score_spread":0.18155598147443755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048272851","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9151124,0.000025236992,0.08331572,0.0000027338053,0.00066746166,0.00017624623,0.000006360559,0.00016588635,0.0005279778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933262,0.00002967276,0.006375549,0.000001531195,0.00019447687,0.000025391866,0.000007960876,0.000031020627,0.00000822658],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923635,0.000010934857,0.00024170302,0.00018749571,0.000112452726,0.00021106526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997176,0.000018582637,0.000034816505,0.0001511055,0.000015785845,0.00006211365],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000036300673,0.00015412712,0.00017402886,0.00010854465,0.000065829656,0.000020881867,0.00007515583,0.00009760556,0.000005060038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060607713,0.00017126519,0.000021803677,0.000106537984,0.000065698914,0.00006855604,0.00003951796,0.00018872794,0.00000685163],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001640433,0.00010339914,0.0023982064,0.0004114711,0.00010665385,0.000058882604,0.004764284,0.47734186,0.50722003,0.001965729,0.00012179772,0.005343636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008262924,0.000020776779,0.0019495544,0.000067611,0.000019382232,0.0002978323,0.0006189865,0.98092484,0.014944148,0.000027891518,0.000018310157,0.00028434827],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000072939954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000764005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.503583,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016263487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013234817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6983991},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048683220","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.000239","title":"Optical design of a variable view imaging system with the combination of a telecentric scanner and double wedge prisms","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Computer science; Kinematics; Scanner; Field of view; Wedge (geometry); Systems design; Process (computing); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.006172238840580911,"score_gpt":0.19795799541374523,"score_spread":0.19178575657316432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048683220","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.014287156,0.00014234101,0.97966224,0.000053609965,0.000015695745,0.00047077256,0.0000014708404,0.00013329464,0.0052334466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8198459,0.000013382501,0.18001656,0.0000075978314,0.000009046806,0.00008128111,0.0000014688512,0.000016640046,0.000008108291],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99956155,0.0000031678062,0.00014680492,0.00008406385,0.000091622125,0.000112784706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999621,0.000047361857,0.00005206864,0.00017711335,0.00007753063,0.00002496205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001929917,0.00008157948,0.00012509275,0.000035608766,0.00004979321,0.00002591583,0.00011349329,0.000038789556,0.0000017255579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000025542788,0.000057924593,0.000008339136,0.00023841904,0.00008837258,0.00003761315,0.00002457742,0.00013499423,8.877818e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028140455,0.00008566165,0.000031359512,0.0008380145,0.000034494755,7.8935466e-7,0.00022084784,0.0061057783,0.25278226,0.730999,0.0003088252,0.008564846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012365176,0.000039911964,0.00009789098,0.00014620088,0.00016318103,0.0000521964,0.0002062638,0.709064,0.28588283,0.0018431129,0.0009793695,0.0002885142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000038880057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.7670376e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80555874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011071734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021581815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23620965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049490929","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.004282","title":"Modeling the turbulent trailing ship wake in the infrared","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Wake; Radiance; Zenith; Turbulence; Infrared; Physics; Surface roughness; Optics; Geology; Meteorology; Mechanics","score_opus":0.018287493779736385,"score_gpt":0.1980054218886354,"score_spread":0.17971792810889903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2049490929","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9131551,0.00010405009,0.0013540557,0.0009829089,0.00013061412,0.00019272362,0.0000016953376,0.000022785198,0.0840561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957082,0.000028680215,0.0027602876,0.0012409944,0.00020150129,2.7177618e-8,0.000014988649,0.0000036943602,0.000041570358],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991792,0.000046502806,0.0001744933,0.0001438103,0.00020290038,0.00025310914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994907,0.00020778835,0.00002852144,0.00022845026,0.0000100640655,0.00003451861],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006452256,0.00009880863,0.00009627572,0.000026571519,0.00019241468,0.000099574645,0.0002557015,0.00005355402,0.00001752619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019473502,0.00004923142,0.00003480016,0.00014387665,0.00004968687,0.000031879496,0.000007757358,0.00024186083,0.00004377219],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011998341,0.00000797524,0.00027641666,0.00000887657,0.000005980428,0.000003985938,0.0025428408,0.94383585,0.000017280274,0.0043210913,0.000055099037,0.048912577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012715596,0.000014388403,0.0021455497,0.000008019605,0.0000084661515,0.000009506758,0.0014520232,0.9871349,0.000012755959,0.008125178,0.00087156246,0.00009051779],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010426458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002159797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.084014535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000014453334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013051698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2007599},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049782204","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.001062","title":"Electrochemical threshold conditions during electro-optical switching of ionic electrophoretic optical devices","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Electrochemistry; Electrode; Ion; Ionic bonding; Optoelectronics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry","score_opus":0.003465474101787347,"score_gpt":0.19798730568783737,"score_spread":0.19452183158605002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2049782204","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.982074,0.0013427449,0.0070632943,0.00022401162,0.00003657924,0.0002106341,0.0000013971746,0.0011327845,0.007914555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991763,0.0005428854,0.007422843,0.00008196731,0.00008737196,0.000025261103,0.000015687934,0.000050475253,0.000010527459],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99802434,0.0000053330346,0.00047905368,0.00033027236,0.0002525299,0.00090846495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930704,0.0000776524,0.000057525674,0.00040088946,0.000048455244,0.00010842026],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011209694,0.00032870084,0.0004127401,0.0001805441,0.00012375906,0.000042066116,0.00038037973,0.00031064902,0.0000107289625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004054129,0.00034220365,0.00010949151,0.00044350815,0.00008673406,0.00006176449,0.000039223458,0.0008622249,0.000021410462],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021418802,0.000055999557,0.000016111173,0.00004138702,0.00005364073,0.000005650599,0.000033512842,0.00011055378,0.85711545,0.14174466,0.00008897004,0.0007126437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039554073,0.00018268387,0.0004012344,0.000033640645,0.00007763285,0.00007454694,0.00004450522,0.00077785575,0.9874018,0.0102138845,0.00004546276,0.00035124566],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.856122e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.102497e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13153078,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015093565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048952003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050363699","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.002735","title":"Recording the sound of musical instruments with FBGs: the photonic pickup","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Guitar; Acoustics; Pickup; Transducer; Materials science; Vibration; Acoustic attenuation; Piezoelectricity; Optics; Attenuation; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.009421481051892873,"score_gpt":0.20662568997187325,"score_spread":0.1972042089199804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050363699","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97252756,0.000032163975,0.006181342,0.0001390754,0.00011980775,0.00031408612,0.0000019920692,0.00011149929,0.020572491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862313,0.000033049047,0.013422711,0.0001672976,0.00006429636,0.000013405613,0.0000018277927,0.000028754414,0.000037316153],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923307,0.0000060169436,0.00019243984,0.00012858592,0.0001909368,0.00024893484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993529,0.00011463174,0.000047358797,0.00042961555,0.000019838339,0.000035712874],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008656828,0.00015077635,0.00015508133,0.000023755754,0.000081006176,0.000022154083,0.000250434,0.00005554881,0.000012205346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010340282,0.000086618944,0.000031426058,0.00020867631,0.00010404673,0.000039553626,0.000023241886,0.00025960244,0.000016992353],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025817766,0.00021499651,0.0005109641,0.00011139392,0.00062866806,0.000018253397,0.01008747,0.5957656,0.049286842,0.19771653,0.0009221742,0.14447895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013389277,0.0020967678,0.024043584,0.00052039075,0.0014881911,0.00046104164,0.020152166,0.4971764,0.22968754,0.16661988,0.038930904,0.0054338253],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000020414109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000500834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1804007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044765064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010422275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3532218},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050588556","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.000218","title":"Visualization of phase objects by use of a differentiation filter","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Visualization; Filter (signal processing); Computer science; Image processing; Optics; Computer vision; Phase (matter); Artificial intelligence; Image (mathematics); Computer graphics (images); Physics","score_opus":0.04567353469063712,"score_gpt":0.28658554741924347,"score_spread":0.24091201272860635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050588556","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11958305,0.000010134315,0.87360805,0.000009219481,0.000049827282,0.00017334911,0.000002766342,0.000057906807,0.0065056873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9581676,0.000013829451,0.04173231,0.000031544227,0.000003863741,0.000009493106,0.0000072651173,0.0000052095547,0.000028891656],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999275,0.000022627026,0.00024769764,0.00013731632,0.00021038702,0.00010697118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943495,0.000047413592,0.00012849373,0.00024182329,0.00011618929,0.000031120973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000106559455,0.00008046312,0.00013268567,0.000059498554,0.000016694776,0.000034511908,0.00017597032,0.000051435625,0.000016004738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006225365,0.000072951276,0.000027706574,0.00018931902,0.000032498767,0.000192896,0.000033742097,0.00003674377,0.0000024588826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000069668317,0.00030506583,0.00013026597,0.000019308312,0.000010313475,7.255985e-8,0.00017186269,0.0000034825105,0.44836158,0.5488767,0.00033240422,0.0017819405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035282818,0.00021091323,0.000059226637,0.00001842054,0.000011026067,2.0094163e-7,0.0000099429135,0.0060025766,0.9894098,0.0036756063,0.00015898967,0.00009045887],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000017464272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.3420536e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83858454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011818806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001569973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29748666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050655240","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.000097","title":"Single-material inhomogeneous optical filters based on microstructural gradients in plasma-deposited silicon nitride","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Silicon nitride; Microstructure; Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Chemical vapor deposition; Optics; Microwave; Amorphous solid; Optoelectronics; Thin film; Silicon; Plasma; Nitride; Deposition (geology); Composite material; Nanotechnology; Layer (electronics)","score_opus":0.008484089722400188,"score_gpt":0.17986080665973622,"score_spread":0.17137671693733603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050655240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951484,0.000006800951,0.000591981,0.000017346143,0.0013608782,0.00027100032,0.000037578644,0.00021437822,0.0023516184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98971367,0.0000039360707,0.009855228,0.00013402214,0.00009214232,0.000030149513,0.000097349395,0.000060618062,0.000012858352],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987259,0.000008677946,0.00034189527,0.00026231055,0.00022125566,0.00043997687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952734,0.000028921284,0.00003252454,0.00026331714,0.000015718888,0.00013220542],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007141808,0.00028480575,0.00027332443,0.00014600407,0.00004679577,0.00006644689,0.00019502004,0.00018425967,0.000023166403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001922349,0.0002840864,0.000059099348,0.00021992804,0.000037778434,0.000038430095,0.00003772528,0.00025502648,0.000067909255],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018515898,0.000106022904,0.000015967975,0.000060523314,0.000023735687,0.00009984571,0.000104392486,0.17139731,0.82187104,0.0048594447,0.00002208431,0.0012544536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017724226,0.00012689411,0.00007359781,0.000037862166,0.000021940845,0.000024779303,0.000016400494,0.057430454,0.939079,0.0009427617,0.00011198094,0.00036191902],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009078339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013205251,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11720793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018170266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016869273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050871953","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.000483","title":"Spectral Fraunhofer regime: time-to-frequency conversion by the action of a single time lens on an optical pulse","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Lens (geology); Time domain; Waveform; Physics; Pulse (music); Pulse shaping; Amplitude; Frequency domain; Frequency-resolved optical gating; Bandwidth-limited pulse; Ultrashort pulse; Computer science; Laser; Voltage","score_opus":0.012052435237780247,"score_gpt":0.23182052669119008,"score_spread":0.21976809145340984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050871953","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9292496,0.0000064760825,0.016359875,0.0010840932,0.000049780603,0.0005005894,0.000047550708,0.00017655882,0.052525483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98367465,0.0000010416371,0.015578596,0.000101945734,0.00008109894,0.000019154973,0.000052111896,0.000029286784,0.00046214752],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990875,0.000008707429,0.00018488185,0.00026337866,0.00018016552,0.00027534144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992824,0.00005180849,0.00008724418,0.0004843666,0.00003595859,0.000058227186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000061397965,0.00017391074,0.0001834257,0.000043647095,0.00009463993,0.000021684253,0.0002655544,0.00009121521,0.00018937519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000066170564,0.00014035674,0.0000501521,0.0001763882,0.00014924922,0.00010765603,0.000063679625,0.000259283,0.00067024434],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010996858,0.0006645776,0.000036742622,0.00000793267,0.00005723154,0.0000016823554,0.00018322778,0.0033992848,0.84025985,0.14279021,0.001034655,0.0114546325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077613257,0.000503557,0.00007353087,0.000019494844,0.000045144916,0.0000011822061,0.00034298995,0.00019486956,0.96659327,0.030223664,0.0009511839,0.0002749614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012469316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.0478892e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12633345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007977303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027321837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8614859},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051601271","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.006595","title":"Dynamic Spectroscopic Measurements of the Temperature and Pressure Cycles in a MOPITT Pressure Modulator Cell","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Radiometry; Materials science; Optics; Troposphere; Temperature measurement; Environmental science; Temporal resolution; Pressure measurement; Atmospheric pressure; Remote sensing; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.006920992100522474,"score_gpt":0.22390903339249418,"score_spread":0.21698804129197172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051601271","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96393865,0.0012307526,0.000031841075,0.000058719343,0.000035008292,0.00031681577,0.000029610832,0.000030671403,0.03432791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99724364,0.000043964024,0.001504323,0.000035367644,0.000015145322,0.00007672076,0.0000059937765,0.000024367791,0.0010504525],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899745,0.000015290445,0.00023168155,0.00029563275,0.00022935952,0.00023059521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923766,0.000030725452,0.00010396805,0.00054741564,0.000029053208,0.00005118074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008843696,0.00017794092,0.00019948538,0.000026423617,0.000088424815,0.000026980679,0.00023689968,0.00017360927,0.00010511075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015763624,0.0001444712,0.00003852562,0.00016738093,0.0000856277,0.00003064942,0.000049895134,0.00030595914,0.000002978247],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013513757,0.00016992805,0.011617976,0.00025705787,0.00004840949,2.8433502e-7,0.00025519903,0.001282068,0.9793822,0.0068832226,0.00007317331,0.000016932194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007978542,0.00000822411,0.006892834,0.000038167356,0.0001294316,0.0000015481613,0.00017732651,0.0009542879,0.987841,0.0019328898,0.0010433898,0.00018306448],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000086018135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023174745,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033304997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023553572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054280794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5891365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051756984","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.006990","title":"Light scattering and absorption by fractal-like carbonaceous chain aggregates: comparison of theories and experiment","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mie scattering; Rayleigh scattering; Scattering; Optics; Materials science; Light scattering; Attenuation coefficient; Absorption (acoustics); Physics; Refractive index; Soot; Molecular physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007160584718846694,"score_gpt":0.22041719263250611,"score_spread":0.2132566079136594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051756984","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912269,0.0023928725,0.0006143309,0.00003949289,0.00004696105,0.00008910034,0.000006933347,0.000017944752,0.005565468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997641,0.000113579496,0.0020913545,0.00004472836,0.000039030307,8.147945e-7,0.000022753855,0.0000032173816,0.00004348413],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938166,0.0000042560278,0.00017990421,0.00015721783,0.00011310148,0.00016387284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964976,0.000083102976,0.00008994347,0.00008995519,0.0000087995995,0.000078420206],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000133359,0.00010666743,0.0001543711,0.000003863634,0.000075676224,0.00002604975,0.000054744254,0.000063901345,0.00004599947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003858733,0.00009393674,0.000011306151,0.000051315503,0.000107657026,0.00003723697,0.000014808411,0.000072992174,0.000002624399],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032499825,0.00013555889,0.21203853,0.00024511546,0.00008658165,0.000012220488,0.00958565,0.00064487354,0.6979698,0.0022339013,0.00024749056,0.07647529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091380154,0.00023619259,0.022666326,0.00007237289,0.000047272286,0.00002413228,0.010447927,0.0054408726,0.953994,0.0014567921,0.0040563485,0.0006439572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006856885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026701982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2560242,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002521027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005368875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3830629},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051864937","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.001595","title":"Nanoengineered liquid mirrors shaped by thermal fields","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Deformable mirror; Materials science; Laser; Thermal; Simplicity; Curved mirror; Laser beams; Adaptive optics; Physics","score_opus":0.010773316929213992,"score_gpt":0.2210219901719842,"score_spread":0.21024867324277022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051864937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76754636,0.00006574882,0.09984272,0.00054935575,0.00013806649,0.0002632855,0.0000387515,0.00008312032,0.1314726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848505,0.0000024020221,0.01351895,0.00021831134,0.00034346303,0.0000084466055,0.00005759812,0.000035082252,0.00096523535],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991243,0.000006014086,0.00019970722,0.00021346849,0.00013154624,0.00032496185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995548,0.000037413618,0.00006257968,0.0002146485,0.00003317758,0.00009738354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055908095,0.00018958157,0.00017627678,0.000025988316,0.00010357979,0.000036395348,0.00012899183,0.0000683476,0.00025164033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001301167,0.00018460234,0.000068959205,0.000070315764,0.000038172017,0.00005589521,0.00005250451,0.00018326074,0.00015092494],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002490876,0.0006989004,0.00040205897,0.000019099054,0.00048289026,0.000005154529,0.0017643084,0.009650102,0.37055448,0.56703657,0.00939142,0.03974596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007424708,0.00072557526,0.0006404631,0.00008117177,0.00045750666,0.000004997144,0.0030504104,0.36416242,0.37411326,0.0075681284,0.2372323,0.004539066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016078642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015344527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55946845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016903716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001988575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75278646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052305993","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.006905","title":"Silicon-based surface plasmon resonance sensing with two surface plasmon polariton modes","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Surface plasmon polariton; Surface plasmon resonance; Surface plasmon; Plasmon; Optics; Refractive index; Silicon; Optoelectronics; Polariton; Dielectric; Localized surface plasmon; Resonance (particle physics); Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle; Physics","score_opus":0.0120577799966615,"score_gpt":0.2199831334625021,"score_spread":0.2079253534658406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052305993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96050227,0.0005008446,0.0077049183,0.0000570301,0.00014240378,0.0004966496,0.0000470692,0.00057413394,0.029974664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89415383,0.00011382021,0.10520879,0.00005555984,0.000008958307,0.000005783537,0.000027532815,0.0001546365,0.00027106088],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99698484,0.00006661845,0.0004324572,0.0006003497,0.0007555544,0.0011601846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998194,0.00061620295,0.00006969992,0.00069326727,0.000108780376,0.0003180807],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048660184,0.0005703154,0.00054917904,0.00009261476,0.00025052918,0.00016299043,0.0003126775,0.00028516736,0.000027910799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045461595,0.00055898435,0.00007922928,0.00058700284,0.00018952573,0.0001490259,0.00004132202,0.00087008195,0.0001445169],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012337313,0.000050808114,0.0015114363,0.00008032124,0.00005752068,0.0000525112,0.0000892969,0.941482,0.052080177,0.0038899826,0.0003294058,0.00025318266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014633088,0.000055183024,0.0001003763,0.000056395827,0.000027440174,0.0000149236,0.00022743706,0.6899403,0.3050696,0.000098420795,0.0023449229,0.0006016937],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006823394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000120454715,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25298944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023195002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019956238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052440066","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.000821","title":"Digital holography--coherent optics of the 21st century: introduction","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Holography; Optics; Computer science; Digital holography; Physics; Telecommunications; Computer graphics (images); World Wide Web","score_opus":0.0034214573829109514,"score_gpt":0.18960872841631413,"score_spread":0.18618727103340318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052440066","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55897456,0.000045600103,0.0008568845,0.00009274178,0.00046959813,0.00030301992,0.00014388919,0.000038357313,0.43907535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983451,0.000005831475,0.00071199564,0.000015261809,0.0005153226,0.00001473074,0.000106233885,0.000016730164,0.00026883703],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991892,0.0000054729776,0.00024179165,0.0002043947,0.00012866674,0.00023049749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994189,0.000018336554,0.00014419624,0.00034208252,0.00004590625,0.00003059241],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003785908,0.00015398789,0.00015563103,0.000047382196,0.00008009695,0.00007629096,0.00021512379,0.000047129917,0.000021689351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000011675693,0.00011648044,0.00016850227,0.00032692388,0.00024214397,0.000092745875,0.000086059335,0.00013599364,0.0000138291325],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001706701,0.00045596866,0.011895939,0.000010842149,0.00006043778,1.6212404e-7,0.000030364454,0.00020088974,0.007815565,0.95734,0.0010712071,0.021101538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044605667,0.00043784518,0.050285183,0.00007448435,0.00052649324,0.000009881811,0.0068427837,0.00008210034,0.42709768,0.25792226,0.25009623,0.0021644768],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007449606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.518232e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69941777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000060741754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015660424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47499347},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053352255","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.006448","title":"Transmission and fluorescence angular domain optical projection tomography of turbid media","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; Lawson Health Research Institute; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Collimated light; Collimator; Physics; Angular resolution (graph drawing); Projection (relational algebra); Photon; Computer science","score_opus":0.006768785812724557,"score_gpt":0.25986075832699146,"score_spread":0.2530919725142669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053352255","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89260805,0.00044879448,0.07069161,0.0018748526,0.000050358514,0.00086358417,0.0000036347617,0.00040198752,0.033057105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.68161064,0.00014406533,0.31805617,0.00011603684,0.00004336554,0.000005064232,0.0000065810063,0.000008668411,0.000009418695],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991278,0.000007988994,0.00021616681,0.00021558958,0.00023474294,0.0001977358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955034,0.00003861275,0.00003530803,0.00018396118,0.00004880767,0.00014297008],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014876011,0.00012815124,0.0002565138,0.0001162213,0.000036037793,0.000013511694,0.000050740226,0.00011431576,0.000007605735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021511654,0.00010388103,0.00005363881,0.00023182273,0.00017791927,0.000032922042,0.000010376525,0.00021054523,0.0000011703921],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021281396,0.0003236413,0.0004883897,0.000087012624,0.000018918634,0.000014985884,0.0004428208,4.702838e-7,0.8720774,0.056986142,0.00015930187,0.06918807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013871446,0.0011720542,0.024845589,0.00022270958,0.00019209935,0.00008092541,0.0002267589,0.0010020883,0.94498795,0.025020875,0.0005677975,0.0002940238],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001957076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.17379635e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24736457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014333259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024504454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42361453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053612443","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.002235","title":"Monte Carlo diffusion hybrid model for photon migration in a two-layer turbid medium in the frequency domain","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University Medical Centre; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program; Juravinski Cancer Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Optics; Diffusion; Attenuation coefficient; Photon diffusion; Amplitude; Photon transport in biological tissue; Beam (structure); Photon; Physics; Phase (matter); Materials science; Computational physics; Dynamic Monte Carlo method; Direct simulation Monte Carlo; Light source","score_opus":0.015475103810274286,"score_gpt":0.3009539690067302,"score_spread":0.28547886519645593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053612443","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97683537,0.00005679859,0.0049055084,0.0016548636,0.000027042586,0.0012127318,0.000009304555,0.00008482664,0.015213555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92302257,0.00012877073,0.07507528,0.0011371889,0.00009068664,0.0003319071,0.00002184217,0.000025550993,0.00016619405],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884695,0.000018912739,0.00031531393,0.00026369165,0.00023857463,0.00031653314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994663,0.000080004575,0.000035925703,0.00032431106,0.000035710178,0.00005774465],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035222515,0.00016782858,0.00025808418,0.00009543859,0.000046302437,0.000028910647,0.00013064318,0.00006409045,0.000017122627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035689023,0.000120449105,0.000058251644,0.00016245194,0.000062085914,0.000037854305,0.00001296016,0.0003157172,0.0000065388704],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024904422,0.0046548923,0.013679488,0.0004984534,0.00009078163,0.00022842515,0.020765025,0.006242889,0.8249417,0.10581885,0.009223846,0.011365221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005116687,0.0003456442,0.0020506748,0.00017475577,0.00010469254,0.000027254482,0.00055187603,0.8760076,0.03775098,0.07649164,0.0009119042,0.0004662636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023774205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029117553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86976475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010106137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051797884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4911772},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053772622","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.002643","title":"Time-division multiplexing of large serial fiber-optic Bragg grating sensor arrays","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber Bragg grating; Multiplexing; Optics; Fiber optic sensor; Materials science; Time-division multiplexing; Optical fiber; Bandwidth (computing); Grating; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.009206486027601135,"score_gpt":0.2240682119317218,"score_spread":0.21486172590412067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053772622","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94081795,0.000043879256,0.03983719,0.000014018991,0.0002789669,0.0003925775,0.000041108524,0.0005739752,0.018000325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.798811,0.000024337998,0.2003541,0.000022446851,0.00022986117,0.0000144784235,0.00004433823,0.000126632,0.00037278768],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99830985,0.000013410202,0.0005180599,0.00029150478,0.0002913168,0.00057586754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990255,0.00023964782,0.00010932451,0.00044170523,0.00006081572,0.00012300152],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001693528,0.000313645,0.00040047066,0.000109052206,0.000098201286,0.000026649135,0.00019119395,0.00018765476,0.00017565739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000729836,0.00034377174,0.00008580931,0.00032313765,0.00006579654,0.000112904214,0.00007209425,0.00028746357,0.00030439717],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003018794,0.000049703405,0.00004662236,0.00007523187,0.00005895075,0.00002206611,0.0006810972,0.8102135,0.18460977,0.0014758931,0.000094467265,0.0026424788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002130766,0.00007097015,0.00019223244,0.000100821446,0.000055458062,0.000040347826,0.0007706325,0.92880595,0.064008206,0.00041228492,0.0025884248,0.000823886],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015949287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019158292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16051692,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006767507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012079816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053950277","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.005996","title":"Experimental investigation of the intrinsic properties of the optical coupling between axisymmetric Gaussian beams","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Rotational symmetry; Gaussian; Coupling (piping); Physics; Optical fiber; Work (physics); Materials science; Mechanics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.020643663256148862,"score_gpt":0.2090967575675436,"score_spread":0.18845309431139473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053950277","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908542,0.00029905487,0.005012204,0.000084127794,0.00012320504,0.00054938183,0.0000030763088,0.00006746207,0.0030072648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911047,0.0000039989523,0.008661244,0.000017388262,0.00013645447,0.000029843026,0.0000010016491,0.000030391777,0.000014956128],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988599,0.00001099603,0.00044989827,0.00013152554,0.00033427152,0.0002134234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935323,0.00008148093,0.00009412628,0.00037498676,0.00003466194,0.00006150078],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014378493,0.0001569639,0.00024251107,0.000048942336,0.00006462913,0.000013281926,0.0003402293,0.00010395392,0.0000030853678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004231132,0.00009605825,0.00006766161,0.0005018396,0.00024484098,0.00006470019,0.0001083248,0.00020675929,0.000009062764],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012494818,0.000045208115,0.0022775924,0.00020805585,0.00008734639,1.7083687e-7,0.0008864086,0.22127049,0.7175926,0.054748267,0.000026573214,0.0028447907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023887018,0.00001848501,0.0034261453,0.00007340554,0.00003441021,0.0000011206388,0.00020835486,0.010842083,0.9848182,0.00016010094,0.000049706494,0.0001290701],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002061751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.577042e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26722565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113874776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024445606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39171416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054199469","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.003773","title":"Optical temperature sensor and thermal expansion measurement using a femtosecond micromachined grating in 6H-SiC","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Dynamics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Femtosecond; Grating; Thermal expansion; Diffraction grating; Thermal; Optoelectronics; Temperature measurement; Laser; Physics","score_opus":0.020624722370998622,"score_gpt":0.21107668653677958,"score_spread":0.19045196416578095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054199469","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964222,0.0002722822,0.0014028283,0.000015852787,0.000107292304,0.00030926729,0.0000043108685,0.00015601444,0.0013099778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9056995,0.0000387931,0.09403467,0.000048249563,0.00008171097,0.000011636076,0.000004460441,0.00007100933,0.000009948839],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986928,0.000013763717,0.00033312847,0.00028839882,0.0002689868,0.00040290752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995194,0.000060575712,0.00003446093,0.0002382742,0.00003911168,0.000108145316],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014111605,0.00028455016,0.0002985704,0.0001010617,0.00011621283,0.000028413,0.000085450236,0.00017739281,0.000006861566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029039806,0.00028504885,0.000032597844,0.00019578713,0.000081758786,0.00008369547,0.00004347751,0.00043307262,0.000006094917],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018832612,0.000024768313,0.00019418863,0.00004158056,0.000022196054,0.000056005127,0.0010201796,0.07479302,0.9227116,0.000299894,0.000007121395,0.0008106027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005469257,0.00011723126,0.015188052,0.00025893174,0.00010676757,0.0006688152,0.0022827939,0.41387695,0.55950105,0.00028860162,0.00013046985,0.002111087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003631397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009920746,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36321056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014019095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025465893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054232931","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.004072","title":"Ultrafast web inspection with hybrid dispersion laser scanner","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Burroughs Wellcome Fund","keywords":"Scanner; Optics; Ultrashort pulse; Laser; Dispersion (optics); Wafer; Laser scanning; Materials science; Pixel; Frame rate; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.005168067574940878,"score_gpt":0.16318089405186975,"score_spread":0.15801282647692888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054232931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9599766,0.0000068303916,0.0037166155,0.000016910242,0.00045121484,0.00034915734,0.0000039229135,0.000547656,0.034931082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99904484,0.000012341393,0.00026198706,0.000022535898,0.00033920674,0.00005634103,0.000009021897,0.000040209674,0.00021350903],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993244,0.000006077366,0.00016111974,0.00014514994,0.00016809422,0.00019515294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999655,0.000017984208,0.000028032957,0.00017897262,0.000043419277,0.000076555814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059855363,0.00014143459,0.00013334493,0.00007728858,0.000095401345,0.00007634718,0.000053458305,0.00008491392,0.00007737637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000033562935,0.00011204734,0.000029178642,0.0001801236,0.00002226748,0.000116587435,0.000009651432,0.00017909825,0.0006526252],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024316691,0.00023402969,0.0018022975,0.00027630012,0.00038031663,0.000028689221,0.0007999044,0.33539093,0.5382933,0.004444483,0.059331764,0.05877482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041564554,0.00045469488,0.0034962827,0.0001458782,0.00010488121,0.0001442931,0.001714284,0.22634847,0.7260342,0.00021695333,0.035654515,0.0015290477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031372732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009139817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18774092,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006678149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009390758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8388395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054392892","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.003122","title":"Optical influence of ship wakes","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Radiance; Ocean color; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Reflectivity; Submarine pipeline; Absorption (acoustics); Satellite; Underwater; Plume; Optics; Reflection (computer programming); Geology; Wake; Meteorology; Oceanography; Physics","score_opus":0.008590325132094524,"score_gpt":0.18538412004917898,"score_spread":0.17679379491708447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054392892","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78067297,0.000021668726,0.00016674139,0.00004775721,0.000043723194,0.0000771629,0.000008936615,0.000020407704,0.21894063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99678767,0.000013697525,0.0029693628,0.000097394266,0.000046469384,8.654111e-7,0.00001663299,0.0000021823748,0.00006573877],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933267,0.0000040411533,0.00018612192,0.00012523893,0.00017493233,0.00017698211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996506,0.000043032433,0.00004618279,0.00015475748,0.000024137873,0.000081282065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010206843,0.00007935986,0.00012958,0.000029223678,0.000036679794,0.000018265642,0.00015868619,0.00005048086,0.00013656565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016225731,0.00006617203,0.000025992818,0.0001308703,0.00006327223,0.000054398006,0.000014539052,0.00008118172,0.00023699568],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013295336,0.000121746045,0.12759902,0.00025376328,0.000062534375,0.000042976495,0.00054909504,0.34980452,0.0021079383,0.46029052,0.00009287283,0.058942076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025347252,0.00080336136,0.83519495,0.00011000151,0.000097241726,0.00007739919,0.0011053425,0.004684361,0.01957681,0.12876433,0.005870029,0.0011814727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00052144635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007536081,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7075959,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000018479383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004209813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3046179},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054399986","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.000304","title":"Constrained quadratic correlation filters for target detection","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Linear filter; Synthetic aperture radar; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Metric (unit); Quadratic equation; Quadratic function; Invariant (physics); Filter (signal processing); Automatic target recognition; Computer vision; Algorithm; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0068043703463920215,"score_gpt":0.211320501934354,"score_spread":0.20451613158796197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054399986","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10437489,0.000004096315,0.8856164,0.00023854362,0.00014699521,0.0004154396,0.000025384335,0.00015216824,0.009026043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91413134,4.551297e-7,0.08547814,0.000037558213,0.00011199948,0.00010488172,0.00004181779,0.000013827563,0.00007994799],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993402,0.0000022021957,0.00018167043,0.00017535214,0.00007986198,0.0002207125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996425,0.000068041525,0.000069667745,0.00014334031,0.00003547016,0.00004100951],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000053080967,0.00012790927,0.00013835313,0.00003752253,0.00012544525,0.000037542948,0.00008915674,0.000071124705,0.00003557097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011708175,0.000118364114,0.000060603896,0.00009921245,0.00010123536,0.000055059554,0.000022879129,0.00012017507,0.0000458492],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028320497,0.00012320699,0.00009640027,0.000018544415,0.00005145479,4.1995165e-7,0.000109163586,0.021635756,0.025492236,0.9265646,0.00004204415,0.025837895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032963967,0.0002971106,0.00020813169,0.000024861345,0.00012393584,0.000001880886,0.002680928,0.030243484,0.16296196,0.79835683,0.001189868,0.00061458885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006915197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.917472e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80975646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026838907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030321988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48267484},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054941965","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.003372","title":"Disease pattern recognition in infrared spectra of human sera with diabetes mellitus as an example","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Institute for Biodiagnostics","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Diabetes mellitus; Disease; Infrared; Medicine; Physics; Internal medicine; Endocrinology","score_opus":0.014705134969565577,"score_gpt":0.2793761543252854,"score_spread":0.2646710193557198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054941965","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880724,0.000062776926,0.00016687183,0.00002837025,0.0000046621712,0.00019307456,0.000017816714,0.000018906523,0.011435142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963236,0.00021988092,0.0023794828,0.00018291835,0.000079640246,0.00006753328,0.0005581605,0.000020610732,0.00016816273],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990251,0.00001748447,0.00018846535,0.00030009096,0.00020189147,0.00026695698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994324,0.0000121951925,0.000033706536,0.0003226367,0.00003146039,0.00016761724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010492836,0.000120671786,0.00013529128,0.000036964007,0.000028838504,0.000013806198,0.00018890497,0.00011510079,0.0003791848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000988973,0.00010515408,0.000028048456,0.000120953664,0.0001805622,0.0000034938719,0.0000398295,0.00013164521,0.000009548676],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030055284,0.00051345496,0.0024440908,0.00007387744,0.00002719404,0.000009523016,0.000058762314,0.0000027763683,0.9607368,0.000257593,0.00018955226,0.035385787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005505483,0.0006600631,0.0018173221,0.000032762706,0.000012404018,6.3253276e-7,0.000030122857,0.000045852255,0.9856426,0.0096432315,0.0013664053,0.00019805717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036705296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014311938,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03518773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014769566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003854778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4288059},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054999033","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.007052","title":"Talbot imaging and unification","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Talbot effect; Superimposition; Point spread function; Ptychography; Physics; Ghost imaging; Image processing; Spatial frequency; Replicate; Computer science; Object (grammar); Diffraction; Unification; Wavefront; Computer vision; Image (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","score_opus":0.006567079065403562,"score_gpt":0.2028814481097332,"score_spread":0.1963143690443296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054999033","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1153337,0.0009842196,0.6781789,0.00025027446,0.00020776012,0.00029766627,0.0000026969196,0.0032533247,0.20149145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8228752,0.000103589824,0.17693478,0.000025918722,0.0000067710325,0.000012082559,0.0000014468685,0.000020315427,0.000019877467],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995883,0.0000018029187,0.00009075135,0.00010883065,0.000050589155,0.00015973845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997241,0.000034730852,0.000010099082,0.00018900356,0.000011603169,0.00003045985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000042033516,0.0000888513,0.00007228297,0.000039188213,0.00003296177,0.00002571818,0.00006384481,0.000033611454,0.0000034464233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040094674,0.0000947028,0.0000074648565,0.00010763273,0.000084244144,0.000058244386,0.000018537448,0.00011575061,0.000023959292],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.486399e-7,0.000008575793,0.00022920169,0.000023900011,0.000008453055,0.0000025752179,0.00004212165,0.0060507506,0.04113291,0.92865646,0.00017628579,0.023668023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012920486,0.000023203294,0.0023881095,0.000036717756,0.00008307784,0.0000802449,0.0019325251,0.22443914,0.34135866,0.37368652,0.05308609,0.0015936714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.3579874e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.2656048e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7075415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021756538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000026075286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3861868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055241533","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004130","title":"Comparison of the relationships between lidar integrated backscattered light and accumulated depolarization ratios for linear and circular polarization for water droplets, fog oil, and dust","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Scattering; Polarization (electrochemistry); Monte Carlo method; Circular polarization; Mie scattering; Linear polarization; Light scattering; Depolarization ratio; Materials science; Depolarization; Physics; Laser; Chemistry","score_opus":0.024506905520199334,"score_gpt":0.2591526247639945,"score_spread":0.23464571924379515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055241533","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9247491,0.000034563967,0.07392389,0.0006971953,0.000018750516,0.0004217995,0.000013379134,0.000017427283,0.00012390787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848439,0.000010846854,0.0148171475,0.000080018406,0.00002553837,0.00001588222,0.00011888139,0.000014923794,0.000072879324],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992129,0.000024249537,0.00028285166,0.00021949927,0.000106820444,0.0001536633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995977,0.00006778998,0.000115776194,0.0001416017,0.000022204014,0.00005487482],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016044657,0.00012834725,0.00018339265,0.0000033414688,0.00031998,0.00004180896,0.000075936245,0.00015461491,0.0000069618773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032146265,0.00008931006,0.00002142278,0.00011779813,0.000081706356,0.000090969486,0.00005181178,0.0001083466,0.0000010993517],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006177823,0.000089375215,0.5538582,0.000065605396,0.000042700336,8.809181e-8,0.0025352999,0.0013698484,0.42661878,0.0015333581,0.00008984343,0.013735093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031772894,0.00041068636,0.6259748,0.00005389157,0.00048814656,0.000003780801,0.0010995404,0.15687388,0.20454948,0.003825908,0.0028692328,0.0006733655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011318009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009393702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22206931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022765082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006460585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36419585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055432559","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.002047","title":"Electromagnetically induced transparency and optical switching in a rubidium cascade system","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Electromagnetically induced transparency; Rubidium; Cascade; Laser; Optics; Materials science; Excited state; Atomic physics; Wavelength; Beam (structure); Optical switch; Coupling (piping); Optoelectronics; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.00883031743722588,"score_gpt":0.23208612424020716,"score_spread":0.2232558068029813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055432559","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8986615,0.0000126087425,0.009706134,0.00020254993,0.00008060844,0.00019883977,0.0000030454755,0.0000344814,0.09110026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969068,0.00000784863,0.0027478691,0.000041493306,0.00016596637,0.000045515677,0.000008472378,0.000024850273,0.00005118652],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988506,0.000010967318,0.00034555935,0.0002777968,0.00012548734,0.00038960582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995427,0.00008171588,0.00005372217,0.00017777781,0.000024741743,0.000119346485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011603294,0.00018141278,0.00023768298,0.00007919171,0.0000980354,0.00007929227,0.00011519794,0.00007465577,0.00003667609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029319065,0.00017974235,0.000044252847,0.00017054752,0.000024870465,0.000057882935,0.000031408497,0.00040476362,0.00003375427],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003019855,0.00013497502,0.000998601,0.000019659445,0.000031776293,0.00001655452,0.0003282177,0.000048888884,0.10741058,0.8841182,0.000010401931,0.0068519637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.024179615,0.0024842906,0.066008575,0.0014565926,0.0014356825,0.0007236675,0.035826392,0.4114251,0.30095473,0.13969028,0.0070438157,0.008771245],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000074620955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017346883,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7444279,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039899147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004803351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73296803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055523933","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.006170","title":"Optical design of a line-focused forward-viewing scanner for optical coherence tomography","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Achromatic lens; Strehl ratio; Scanner; Lens (geology); Zemax; Optical coherence tomography; Vignetting; Field of view; Apodization; Gradient-index optics; Focal length; Physics; Adaptive optics; Computer science; Refractive index","score_opus":0.022004073227856327,"score_gpt":0.24301986485168983,"score_spread":0.2210157916238335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055523933","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10471411,0.00007373442,0.8795795,0.00009260077,0.00027481248,0.0020179674,0.00005131365,0.0005472968,0.012648659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5997022,0.000011693411,0.3994591,0.000022888662,0.00010270439,0.0006182045,0.000012610807,0.00006113151,0.000009517564],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979614,0.000007621915,0.00063638494,0.00040695936,0.00033312154,0.0006545074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793744,0.0007511168,0.00007389227,0.0007137383,0.00020670783,0.00031708277],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039029616,0.00036089504,0.00048763413,0.00021524636,0.000102416365,0.000067901514,0.00055294205,0.00035465334,0.00004525302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001120921,0.00036218646,0.00022192311,0.0007916097,0.00038985038,0.00010311787,0.00006461439,0.00057593104,0.000036424757],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010815595,0.00042725823,0.0001369537,0.00034539934,0.0002670481,0.0000024582237,0.00023131276,0.033876535,0.45264244,0.4809049,0.00060911383,0.03044843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003984044,0.0009121341,0.001033568,0.0001336791,0.00085611857,0.000021498128,0.00022629701,0.40553287,0.5274602,0.05256381,0.004688762,0.0025870015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000012941748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000409139,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49498805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018566185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054786924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055604971","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.007031","title":"Silver-coated hollow-glass waveguide for applications at 800 nm","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Femtosecond; Sapphire; Waveguide; Optical fiber; Laser; Coating; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.018070304590984413,"score_gpt":0.25084010375902505,"score_spread":0.23276979916804064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055604971","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08906336,0.000030163126,0.37323412,0.0019525035,0.00022996316,0.0034237364,0.00097258185,0.00033495415,0.5307586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742336,0.0000047961908,0.008252278,0.00030855308,0.00045805244,0.003018617,0.0004019964,0.000049801667,0.013272285],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988743,0.0000054651236,0.00032530303,0.00035108748,0.00011894429,0.00032489156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898654,0.00012847877,0.00013439383,0.00053800317,0.00009355479,0.00011900144],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004981751,0.00020178419,0.00018892375,0.00005131704,0.00043972064,0.00007917144,0.00024378748,0.00005682757,0.0013409597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016055058,0.00020149014,0.00013385531,0.00022064423,0.000056566812,0.00006954102,0.000079372134,0.00012681769,0.0016626617],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028311555,0.001291997,0.00066300033,0.000041602343,0.00030169738,4.508421e-7,0.00032650612,0.0007649502,0.06328947,0.78395075,0.12488939,0.02445187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010335188,0.000025156314,0.000107390966,0.000008273162,0.00013369859,0.0000018656613,0.0002460858,0.012736207,0.05106193,0.0088422885,0.92532504,0.00047852693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019527806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053847184,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8851703,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055934303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012311508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999572},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055657996","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006192","title":"Field localization in very small aperture lasers studied by apertureless near-field microscopy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Near-Field Optical Microscopy","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Aperture (computer memory); Near-field scanning optical microscope; Surface plasmon polariton; Materials science; Near and far field; Microscopy; Laser; Surface plasmon; Beam divergence; Near-field optics; Optical microscope; Plasmon; Physics; Laser beams; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.0034657352409062517,"score_gpt":0.1952467601270116,"score_spread":0.19178102488610532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055657996","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7082909,0.0018850635,0.21071897,0.0018522433,0.001286153,0.0014517036,0.000042937707,0.0010507541,0.07342132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9834612,0.0001797532,0.012007386,0.0038071675,0.00013639907,0.000060498984,0.00007855987,0.000090723166,0.00017832221],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986151,0.000012043589,0.0003835677,0.00032245828,0.00015768361,0.000509158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989849,0.0005366032,0.000034468503,0.00033186664,0.000029418747,0.00008279302],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008029266,0.00031010289,0.00032371673,0.000058335903,0.000084242805,0.00011106513,0.00024687656,0.00041901704,0.00005009644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057778187,0.0003275586,0.000055964094,0.0003203468,0.000048005197,0.000059353657,0.00006150756,0.0005087587,0.00007757221],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003715154,0.00053583446,0.0035362716,0.0005816017,0.00015029301,0.000072657895,0.0006242766,0.07799142,0.6876365,0.014341566,0.20965588,0.004502227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032980577,0.00030315988,0.00027400817,0.00016381778,0.000093718445,0.0000075131143,0.00036684642,0.14352165,0.73848337,0.0015816205,0.11006638,0.0018398322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009993372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001977582,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27517033,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000086466694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022372566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055703210","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.003856","title":"Temperature control of water-based substances by CO<sub>2</sub> laser for medical applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Materials science; Temperature control; Optics; Thermal conduction; Beam (structure); Thermal; Laser beams; Temperature measurement; Optoelectronics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.004252761719629409,"score_gpt":0.20430489396716783,"score_spread":0.20005213224753843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055703210","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84328264,0.00009956555,0.14987068,0.0011036642,0.000029426257,0.0010294298,0.00018685617,0.00017226208,0.0042254752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981363,0.000010263531,0.00069473725,0.00030260455,0.000113136855,0.00037960333,0.00023554024,0.000026742919,0.000101095065],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988908,0.0000042927495,0.0003219329,0.00021805993,0.0002652079,0.00029969186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911624,0.0003115099,0.000046023277,0.00022795172,0.00009685345,0.00020141261],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008923264,0.00016472896,0.00027401018,0.000016142447,0.000053064367,0.000017238357,0.0002048749,0.0002794554,0.00011102264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048350616,0.00012629884,0.00008752786,0.000076073375,0.00012678959,0.000026596488,0.000010753345,0.00022095453,0.000058579048],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024787858,0.000088232584,0.000009305648,0.00012509116,0.000042781317,3.6141088e-7,0.00001321903,0.0009289979,0.99426585,0.0028216906,0.001415173,0.0002645049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009198757,0.000012376387,0.0000012748238,0.000010350915,0.000041020037,4.5906688e-7,0.00003683058,0.022224305,0.97447616,0.00044207327,0.0016696736,0.00016562357],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000011210166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.629412e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15485363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019967727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022181783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5150317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056054747","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.005664","title":"High power handling shape memory alloy optical fiber connector","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Fusion splicing; Materials science; Optical fiber; Plastic-clad silica fiber; Cable gland; Optics; Photonic-crystal fiber; Fiber laser; Fiber; Hard-clad silica optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Plastic optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Composite material; Computer science; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.006909402108798229,"score_gpt":0.20335353112245666,"score_spread":0.19644412901365843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056054747","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9458602,0.000071783536,0.004227865,0.00018785108,0.00039476584,0.0002980854,0.000008523358,0.0030472947,0.045903616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9099735,0.00001167616,0.089425646,0.00025541053,0.00016664053,0.000014412236,0.000012501435,0.00005162053,0.0000885908],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905646,0.0000040806763,0.00024241679,0.0002021823,0.00016475268,0.00033009594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952716,0.00004161182,0.000025618827,0.00027504636,0.000033103475,0.000097454256],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010711106,0.00021441365,0.000235096,0.00004971174,0.00005497262,0.000113411625,0.00021484804,0.000170681,0.0002747044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018085046,0.00021229748,0.00003483588,0.000096794705,0.00003293818,0.00008589979,0.00003830774,0.00018119666,0.00022039076],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011604005,0.0001911209,0.0000037111765,0.00022459592,0.00012551108,0.000080664904,0.0005495278,0.03178738,0.80090183,0.1301086,0.011380679,0.024530321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011491932,0.00018933034,0.00026229798,0.000107363994,0.0000927851,0.000022256225,0.00005703864,0.033346646,0.9423029,0.0152370855,0.0058947727,0.0013383471],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000010008943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.6993285e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14140104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048661368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000136780845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.865724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056081946","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.005302","title":"Off-axis cavity enhanced spectroscopy based on a pulsed quantum cascade laser for sensitive detection of ammonia and ethylene","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum cascade laser; Optics; Materials science; Laser; Cascade; Demodulation; Spectroscopy; Optical path; Optical cavity; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.006272954137182327,"score_gpt":0.2477526251718368,"score_spread":0.24147967103465448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056081946","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9705688,0.0000054495586,0.024631338,0.00009535387,0.000064634674,0.00037075713,0.00014456532,0.00008116502,0.004037985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917274,0.00001331176,0.007630536,0.00010167144,0.00014147458,0.00022991675,0.000057322628,0.00003948918,0.000058878188],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886686,0.000007445035,0.00025895576,0.00040584855,0.00016991243,0.00029095815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883664,0.00034253637,0.0001599658,0.00046352058,0.00009004043,0.00010729326],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014282887,0.00021948616,0.00027015342,0.00005739537,0.00015909207,0.000023830557,0.00010587624,0.0002566879,0.000032072727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058269412,0.00022770821,0.00007193881,0.00013819494,0.0001444206,0.000029579222,0.000023230716,0.00040778256,0.000007956679],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044670296,0.00016590167,0.000014751587,0.00007115039,0.00002549438,6.2348346e-7,0.00012008638,0.000120013785,0.99553734,0.00219631,0.000014112538,0.0012874978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011474296,0.00009728198,0.00027836754,0.0000117856,0.000072421026,0.0000017885031,0.00013084245,0.026257446,0.97061425,0.00088088785,0.00029159203,0.00021592235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004832501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029245444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026137432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048361904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056193636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9285671},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056418471","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.007235","title":"Wavelength dependence and figures of merit of ultrafast third-order optical nonlinearity of a conjugated 3,3′-bipyridine derivative","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Figure of merit; Materials science; Optics; Wavelength; Refractive index; Absorption (acoustics); Nonlinear optics; Attenuation coefficient; Conjugated system; Z-scan technique; Optoelectronics; Laser; Physics; Polymer","score_opus":0.01047175576922583,"score_gpt":0.21824005500780252,"score_spread":0.2077682992385767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056418471","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873656,0.0001321865,0.0025154483,0.000016511445,0.00007522479,0.00026287878,0.00008671727,0.00005411172,0.009491332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90221083,0.00033300708,0.09737403,0.000008325023,0.000021031008,0.0000098738265,0.000006928625,0.000029063209,0.0000069128337],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987591,0.000018799572,0.0005627054,0.00018456533,0.00022685186,0.0002480148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990536,0.0003177285,0.000104050225,0.00022617572,0.0002261826,0.00007228988],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019290298,0.00021773596,0.0005985742,0.000056637844,0.000027052734,0.00000774516,0.00012085982,0.00012886056,0.00002886899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035624078,0.00020326002,0.000037897527,0.00023184835,0.00040850267,0.000041866737,0.0000579299,0.00015731074,0.0000028177467],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000957341,0.00023460313,0.00036664773,0.0010340576,0.0003095238,0.0000037382854,0.00062893715,0.0026498428,0.89899445,0.09502866,0.000018792703,0.000635024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069752976,0.000115301766,0.00097151013,0.000063958054,0.00008084269,0.000005914478,0.00036615215,0.007775655,0.98878986,0.0008581255,0.000051702045,0.00022346723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000867518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007448166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09485858,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012532737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030804127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8288703},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056436111","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.005391","title":"Picosecond-pulse wavelength conversion based on cascaded second-harmonic generation-difference frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Lithium niobate; Picosecond; Materials science; Energy conversion efficiency; Waveguide; Wavelength; Lasing threshold; Second-harmonic generation; Quasi-phase-matching; Optoelectronics; Laser; Physics","score_opus":0.013135733273095513,"score_gpt":0.22150155861093407,"score_spread":0.20836582533783857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056436111","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97059035,0.000018546354,0.018879082,0.00027597,0.00012665092,0.00054099027,0.00008343891,0.00014177679,0.009343163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97217643,0.000003877306,0.025885206,0.00033289153,0.00032066033,0.00015476721,0.0006654893,0.000043575303,0.0004171291],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808496,0.00003808473,0.0005481857,0.0005881517,0.0002612384,0.00047936532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990418,0.000067057634,0.00020250192,0.0005397313,0.000079224155,0.00006968768],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012623053,0.00036500033,0.0003376807,0.00018436363,0.0001977038,0.00010427819,0.00028065027,0.00020090099,0.000356059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010554287,0.00036693367,0.000081339684,0.00027232812,0.00012287196,0.00011528044,0.000065985994,0.0004922459,0.00007290457],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059144775,0.0006306694,0.002551862,0.00004214447,0.000042000658,0.000021993126,0.00020896827,0.009977923,0.81193906,0.16342488,0.0008094941,0.010291884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028195444,0.00013826267,0.0025535817,0.000024009643,0.000034272216,0.0000011643245,0.00017802625,0.30151445,0.6818031,0.009811841,0.0003562116,0.00076554454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015180904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010976955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2915365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001688873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015903864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056807004","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.002822","title":"Virtual camera calibration using optical design software","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Calibration; Computer science; Software; Process (computing); Optics; Lens (geology); Camera resectioning; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Physics","score_opus":0.05193494749280031,"score_gpt":0.25864925901479446,"score_spread":0.20671431152199415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056807004","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0043246094,0.0000042344413,0.9880828,0.0001248127,0.00013512609,0.00019687592,2.9238714e-7,0.00045218118,0.0066790585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5251982,0.0000015310711,0.47446835,0.00023649569,0.000062755134,0.000009897106,9.821589e-7,0.000008480875,0.000013292476],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877036,0.000040868315,0.00024188656,0.0003193274,0.00032885827,0.00029870708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916476,0.00015970705,0.0000573271,0.00042304047,0.000076638345,0.000118501004],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039665337,0.00016135561,0.00017118569,0.00006713314,0.000108993925,0.00023629637,0.0005788118,0.00011328943,0.000011344047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000114934264,0.00014766931,0.00003758254,0.0001905012,0.000074958916,0.000310891,0.00017349063,0.00017111936,0.000039886578],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009493529,0.000055365923,0.00003150999,0.0000050105778,0.000009012348,0.0000010346236,0.00010064572,0.0011011609,0.037619513,0.9390691,0.00019485288,0.021803312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026810856,0.00043345423,0.000055742814,0.000027372518,0.00001987743,0.0000056093686,0.000022667142,0.7634691,0.208004,0.027072996,0.00020288973,0.000418165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000022026388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.8553188e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91199607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045512475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004944599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.602178},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057500293","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.000403","title":"Target detection and recognition improvements by use of spatiotemporal fusion","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Clutter; Artificial intelligence; Thresholding; Computer science; Pixel; Noise (video); Computer vision; Constant false alarm rate; Gaussian noise; Sensor fusion; Pattern recognition (psychology); Object detection; False alarm; Radar; Image (mathematics); Telecommunications","score_opus":0.029931936963453486,"score_gpt":0.2221861161029369,"score_spread":0.19225417913948342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057500293","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7929467,0.000026224989,0.20619518,0.0000047084764,0.00019279482,0.00017604422,0.000022537053,0.00016560647,0.0002701877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7075055,0.00007698952,0.2923031,0.000017427437,0.000024488341,0.00001800445,0.000025987627,0.000020041321,0.000008448484],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994794,0.000010108025,0.00017460408,0.000113684706,0.0000980069,0.00012416502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973613,0.000042686483,0.00005190296,0.00010339098,0.000035306144,0.00003056592],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011684912,0.00010445251,0.00011654477,0.00007099139,0.000040057144,0.0000190642,0.00003128619,0.00011367663,0.000008080038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004123605,0.00011442064,0.000017702512,0.00010797586,0.000030193214,0.00012843349,0.000020965972,0.00011421544,0.0000065295408],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021763133,0.000012489192,0.000025827636,0.000049152724,0.000017372011,3.729351e-7,0.00009768853,0.009696367,0.954219,0.000054333166,0.000027765413,0.035777893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041269662,0.000060129536,0.0002425961,0.0000073327733,0.000011871312,0.0000016012784,0.00005926566,0.0030678732,0.9900788,0.0057148696,0.00021438462,0.00012859951],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016402477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025944908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.086107925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004920315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005054113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46659383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057742540","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.005147","title":"Optimized reflective wide-angle Michelson phase-stepping interferometer","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Michelson interferometer; Phase (matter); Refractive index; Total internal reflection; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.015480379329242618,"score_gpt":0.23815131795161293,"score_spread":0.2226709386223703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057742540","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26396358,0.00029592816,0.069015935,0.0003482029,0.00014795922,0.0008027564,0.000022371585,0.00092168676,0.6644816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93973345,0.00015632498,0.056918733,0.00039839133,0.0001380263,0.00019974637,0.000027238912,0.0000757473,0.002352331],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897873,0.000007925295,0.0002974283,0.00024136258,0.00012254056,0.00035198778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994138,0.000081469814,0.000020252965,0.00034092402,0.000026462661,0.00011711295],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007531752,0.0002104404,0.00024096435,0.00005084622,0.000088363784,0.00006388372,0.00020588035,0.000111759386,0.0014533476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009460091,0.00019877437,0.00006465192,0.00021368304,0.000058628746,0.00006903741,0.000031770738,0.00024999303,0.00064822775],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006048239,0.000828229,0.000006589627,0.0002903759,0.0005752641,0.000015228759,0.0025087781,0.27531698,0.18304987,0.032372046,0.016248578,0.48818323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0060577197,0.0004498541,0.00004007091,0.00008128418,0.00025013526,0.000014862611,0.00045864232,0.6440705,0.07631238,0.004412126,0.26612625,0.0017261788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004010197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010166519,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67576987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006402646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007685719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99945945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059840661","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.004674","title":"Fast line-shape correction procedure for imaging Fourier-transform spectrometers","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ABB (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Pixel; Spectrometer; Fourier transform; Imaging spectrometer; Spectral imaging; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Fast Fourier transform; Spectral line shape; Computation; Line (geometry); Monochromatic color; Physics; Computer science; Infrared; Algorithm; Spectral line; Mathematics","score_opus":0.006638193386013609,"score_gpt":0.21895349788502455,"score_spread":0.21231530449901095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2059840661","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016146308,0.000054741053,0.93244785,0.00011256987,0.0009990924,0.00045913548,0.000008020468,0.00052087236,0.049251426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94846594,0.000029002793,0.050493088,0.00020023316,0.00038633682,0.000020423904,0.000040919585,0.00006989285,0.00029414042],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990842,0.0000010167664,0.00023697437,0.0001566722,0.00013681951,0.00038433386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962157,0.0000742461,0.000021873118,0.0001226189,0.000039597897,0.000120073164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016051873,0.00015882948,0.00013867035,0.0001501913,0.00008292497,0.000047657282,0.00008906325,0.000091453905,0.000020356007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024310586,0.00016996922,0.00005680226,0.0003434299,0.00002969623,0.000081495105,0.000008276891,0.00018999369,0.000049098497],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028058776,0.00029333745,0.00069605233,0.0010135941,0.00027033652,0.000012101584,0.0014789754,0.07247388,0.1142662,0.050000846,0.008140747,0.75107336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007948328,0.00005920548,0.00029898487,0.000019547757,0.00006020519,0.000012687543,0.0005300011,0.93576044,0.052985013,0.0013678108,0.007653559,0.00045772627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.1300634e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000041485146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93231964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007559592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011135384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6931144},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060165924","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.002033","title":"Spectrally programmable light engine for in vitro or in vivo molecular imaging and spectroscopy","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","field":"Medicine","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Occupational Cancer Research Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Multispectral image; Hyperspectral imaging; Materials science; Spectroscopy; Imaging spectroscopy; Microscopy; Spectral imaging; Wavelength; Optical coherence tomography; Optoelectronics; Physics; Remote sensing","score_opus":0.0068024226617068384,"score_gpt":0.25341330794332134,"score_spread":0.2466108852816145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060165924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.970741,0.0005250969,0.016764631,0.0022451978,0.000062196596,0.0014160934,0.0000033130875,0.00012199114,0.008120481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8728766,0.000035916022,0.12644203,0.00026499503,0.00012829751,0.00012860718,0.0000039405854,0.000022624217,0.00009699826],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992043,0.0000039222364,0.00017930093,0.0002279455,0.00009919429,0.0002853821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974895,0.000027785934,0.00003064494,0.000118005075,0.000018003226,0.0000566286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013320745,0.00011759115,0.0002059224,0.00013713112,0.000022005857,0.000024609857,0.00003423679,0.00004801477,0.00000847342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020684161,0.00010716245,0.000026098025,0.0002354803,0.000019171182,0.00003610661,0.000017369835,0.000152532,0.0000016133788],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.007785904,0.00014083918,0.00033376482,0.000093608374,0.000015847101,0.000052246152,0.00025571403,0.0002680549,0.95779043,0.000573847,0.000111073896,0.03257865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031490347,0.00046871224,0.00026864235,0.000037419595,0.000030095636,0.00004237479,0.00009456236,0.02084942,0.9691988,0.00024578857,0.00546203,0.00015307414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020368178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011792522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1096774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012800701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004699676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43699577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060285671","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.006307","title":"Multiple-scattering lidar retrieval method: tests on Monte Carlo simulations and comparisons with in situ measurements","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Monte Carlo method; Remote sensing; Scattering; Environmental science; Aerosol; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Mie scattering; Molar absorptivity; Wavelength; Meteorology; Optics; Computational physics; Light scattering; Physics; Statistics; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03930960218440544,"score_gpt":0.2544976234076426,"score_spread":0.21518802122323716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060285671","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867577,0.000018994326,0.003550708,0.00009629211,0.000018595869,0.00025396282,0.0000027011913,0.000028619812,0.009272438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9365337,0.000005217308,0.06315667,0.00016152175,0.00001408356,0.0000072313424,0.0000011306689,0.000017802964,0.00010263613],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990094,0.00001764101,0.00016728598,0.00028136035,0.0002878604,0.00023648121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951977,0.00012231462,0.0000584741,0.00020508331,0.0000049145797,0.000089443805],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000106514155,0.00014844484,0.00016084754,0.0000029316438,0.00014173055,0.000028900025,0.00010282286,0.00005691765,0.00009133224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002209155,0.00013015544,0.000014046436,0.00020725015,0.0000887587,0.000050479433,0.00008211788,0.00014999822,0.000047182006],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010951857,0.0002976246,0.531881,0.000008340958,0.000025898546,0.000008885839,0.0018400546,0.4238437,0.03743641,0.000057735506,0.00021130426,0.004279545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028314434,0.00034532172,0.500291,0.000054500913,0.00006403943,0.0000067392525,0.0007004615,0.48648986,0.007564614,0.000051331655,0.00087788736,0.0007227787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000068252986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004386586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062646165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000095033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000023054633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5307585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060403319","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.005076","title":"High fidelity sky coverage analysis via time domain adaptive optics simulations","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Wavefront; Adaptive optics; Computer science; Optics; Residual; Tilt (camera); Guide star; Deformable mirror; Wavefront sensor; Pixel; Point spread function; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008219908636389831,"score_gpt":0.22677686911024872,"score_spread":0.2185569604738589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060403319","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24939278,0.000007705458,0.7149448,0.0001236852,0.00005266135,0.00030973367,0.00018037253,0.000059905135,0.034928404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91240853,0.000001521022,0.08629756,0.00017200231,0.00032132718,0.000003034537,0.00037747755,0.000026186837,0.00039235252],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982931,0.000030432315,0.0004666524,0.0004503321,0.0003024151,0.00045707086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987467,0.00015670231,0.00023266033,0.00052553345,0.00016488663,0.0001735415],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014819547,0.00033584042,0.000521406,0.00014657527,0.0003143571,0.0001025503,0.00018005758,0.00009963439,0.00024849945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000420601,0.00034669513,0.00023511602,0.0006277693,0.000078895966,0.00010922119,0.00006868333,0.0002746949,0.00014902576],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056756882,0.00031916564,0.00039153005,0.0000017008955,0.000945414,0.0000055873397,0.00021199035,0.35338047,0.0048562763,0.63408655,0.00012353974,0.0056210253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016935474,0.00020935653,0.008140729,0.000013108647,0.0018527894,8.5369527e-7,0.0002822073,0.59167755,0.0019529079,0.3922592,0.0006279063,0.0012898677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037655238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037164727,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6630158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066318644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004533571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060563972","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.000248","title":"Fully referenced single-comb interferometry using optical sampling by laser-cavity tuning","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Laser; Bandwidth (computing); Fiber laser; Sampling (signal processing); Materials science; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Detector","score_opus":0.03468258539480001,"score_gpt":0.25980384953653846,"score_spread":0.22512126414173844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060563972","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.676644,0.000010259791,0.31527004,0.000054544413,0.00008285096,0.00020844417,0.00001649896,0.00020385458,0.0075094784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.823791,9.86665e-7,0.17589922,0.000037441194,0.00008082608,0.000038434755,0.000047029356,0.000043119522,0.00006193955],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846023,0.000010747122,0.0003588125,0.00042671713,0.000189587,0.0005538927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894017,0.00020706949,0.00015088067,0.00050061115,0.0000820417,0.00011925349],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007628012,0.0003034455,0.00033608495,0.00009637968,0.00016991243,0.00015628112,0.0003911448,0.00014522886,0.00015936777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026522677,0.0003054534,0.000066392786,0.00031061025,0.00016996935,0.00022552746,0.00035565472,0.0005385618,0.00010951512],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023576842,0.00035330153,0.0023675964,0.000027657667,0.00012809977,0.0000013328015,0.00013885665,0.001652857,0.8712962,0.05613826,0.0003186413,0.067553595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002028548,0.00026998323,0.0006540053,0.00015980822,0.00018239809,0.000005246706,0.005686769,0.016848201,0.86512995,0.104945846,0.0019346764,0.002154587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034038017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.539431e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14714697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008626075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024233379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993974},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060907683","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.000c43","title":"Performance quantification of a millimeter-wavelength imaging system based on inexpensive glow-discharge-detector focal-plane array","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Office of Naval Research","keywords":"Optics; Optical transfer function; Cardinal point; Image quality; Detector; Point spread function; Image sensor; Pixel; Oversampling; Dot pitch; Digital micromirror device; Extremely high frequency; Materials science; Noise (video); Physics; Millimeter; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.00794106722222451,"score_gpt":0.18729414814180298,"score_spread":0.17935308091957847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060907683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92346144,0.00003733149,0.068086945,0.00017362453,0.0001476758,0.0008339544,0.000030039435,0.0008198592,0.006409107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884038,0.000010603175,0.01108782,0.00004139255,0.000034426335,0.00033717928,0.00003583585,0.000038769995,0.0000101566075],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915093,0.0000066121593,0.00029593843,0.00020110166,0.00012146192,0.00022392422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992266,0.0000911182,0.00008009529,0.0004920479,0.00006312488,0.000046997284],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000063654166,0.00017801144,0.00020129929,0.00012331546,0.00007545332,0.000020072672,0.00019673936,0.000110685934,0.00002293556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009067611,0.00017361419,0.000035235455,0.00020001567,0.00006451488,0.00006146941,0.000012217232,0.00019242917,0.00027738838],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017266799,0.000080954684,0.00051709724,0.0003934964,0.000047764584,7.2100687e-7,0.00015418018,0.008167258,0.943454,0.0072633335,0.00058029924,0.03932359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026888752,0.000030984032,0.002100118,0.00007586916,0.000023708819,0.0000034254049,0.00020489596,0.55543804,0.44102398,0.00003452814,0.0005662875,0.00022930671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005854448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.1783437e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5472708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005005478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009935478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7079781},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060963981","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.005706","title":"Masking mechanisms applied to thin-film coatings for the manufacturing of linear variable filters for two-dimensional array detectors","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cegep de Saint Jerome","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Masking (illustration); Detector; Perpendicular; Materials science; Wavelength; Rotation (mathematics); Interference (communication); Translation (biology); Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.01889658950034614,"score_gpt":0.2382923561908222,"score_spread":0.21939576669047606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060963981","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3529269,0.000004847107,0.6437566,0.0001293159,0.00027677245,0.0015257004,0.000067942776,0.00008278334,0.0012291287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5445996,3.2903148e-7,0.45441434,0.0005036901,0.00010846925,0.00024804194,0.000008896406,0.000033851975,0.00008280767],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811655,0.000009490328,0.0005138997,0.0004416138,0.0003824892,0.00053598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978483,0.0012869128,0.00026830038,0.00034331874,0.00012778385,0.00012540625],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007625562,0.00025902645,0.00036981725,0.00005321349,0.0007045873,0.00005636292,0.00041422332,0.00010140728,0.000052422736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017618336,0.00019346712,0.00009744731,0.00012970131,0.00010887988,0.000056171837,0.00013727002,0.00013724084,0.00002256205],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012698142,0.000028134922,7.090833e-7,0.000057331858,0.0000115632265,2.7170057e-7,0.00054260733,0.12135417,0.8371052,0.040497854,0.00015541712,0.00011972974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073933636,0.00014196549,0.000005443457,0.00002370486,0.000050999995,0.0000037128887,0.00026783795,0.022455197,0.9677594,0.007941051,0.00035433067,0.00025707466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023127432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038037015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19167267,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003620688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006219688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78893596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061020935","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.005399","title":"Design, implementation, and characterization of a folded spot-array generator for a modulator-based free-space optical interconnect","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Spatial light modulator; Generator (circuit theory); Free space; Interconnection; Free-space optical communication; Modulation (music); Physics; Optical modulator; Optical communication; Computer science; Phase modulation; Telecommunications; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.015871762888358433,"score_gpt":0.22801908879386174,"score_spread":0.2121473259055033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061020935","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6370926,0.000030256002,0.36212566,0.000025463802,0.000088550856,0.00041427,0.000027297303,0.000052863714,0.0001430548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8865547,0.00001610775,0.11314079,0.00006989694,0.0000360502,0.00009364984,0.000045348348,0.000038392074,0.000005033313],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992275,0.000014078524,0.00027008876,0.00017817698,0.00009847155,0.00021165641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994486,0.00015471262,0.00004569477,0.00019805165,0.00006295256,0.000090015055],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001712182,0.00016110542,0.00021560135,0.000060809063,0.00004294892,0.00003753316,0.000086291104,0.00008770866,0.000028716935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029558149,0.00016090155,0.000034597408,0.00011431842,0.000036723584,0.000067808214,0.000008975935,0.00006687225,0.0000016358596],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019343148,0.000019971423,0.000039257666,0.00010027749,0.000041194722,3.3067403e-7,0.000089879264,0.0016434881,0.9579468,0.03965688,0.000042057032,0.0004005643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001169682,0.000070480244,0.00013059625,0.00001155927,0.00005544617,9.483765e-7,0.00019345428,0.028024377,0.9689765,0.00061902887,0.00054439594,0.00020356197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.3806293e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023696027,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24946214,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002443399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025531373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65613747},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061248183","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.001198","title":"Experimental assessment of the matched filter for laser guide star wavefront sensing","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Wavefront; Adaptive optics; Laser guide star; Wavefront sensor; Optics; Guide star; Laser; Deformable mirror; Physics; Filter (signal processing); Star (game theory); Computer science; Computer vision","score_opus":0.015314996233563428,"score_gpt":0.27596243311563257,"score_spread":0.26064743688206915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061248183","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7369666,0.000013852707,0.17694461,0.00034211596,0.0002106741,0.000957607,0.000052362502,0.00002526779,0.084486894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8589175,2.7154755e-7,0.14024396,0.00016282377,0.00017502454,0.0000035278529,0.0000201538,0.00001871219,0.00045806367],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990741,0.000011131274,0.00029011897,0.00020014927,0.00017027397,0.00025422327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936455,0.00004952139,0.00015821244,0.0003116285,0.00006803597,0.00004805407],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010674887,0.00017011311,0.00022773912,0.000019354587,0.00013900823,0.00003181926,0.00011566229,0.00003701641,0.000023805014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016570934,0.00013063393,0.00012747715,0.00005178888,0.000053051113,0.00003433272,0.000059106034,0.000101308775,0.000002301129],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000070862756,0.00055798126,0.00040986674,0.000017038994,0.00023881221,0.0000014549305,0.0011369942,0.0037791391,0.49842554,0.4797796,0.0037772954,0.0118054375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002521071,0.0002259852,0.004273545,0.0000638842,0.00016538515,0.0000013637411,0.005009999,0.08888821,0.86986053,0.02178862,0.0065058703,0.00069553364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012757293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.53064e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45799097,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000450262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049477974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5327097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061304843","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.004969","title":"Characterization and correction of spectral distortions induced by microvibrations onboard the GOSAT Fourier transform spectrometer","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ABB (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Sampling (signal processing); Spectrometer; Fourier transform; Satellite; Remote sensing; Amplitude; Physics; Detector; Geology","score_opus":0.003681620286984764,"score_gpt":0.1654309157981616,"score_spread":0.16174929551117684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061304843","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9467945,0.000002635784,0.048226204,0.00034902606,0.000086489854,0.00035771652,0.00000493988,0.000016304699,0.004162146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882385,0.00005151601,0.01059434,0.0001356311,0.00002120282,0.00004521093,0.00003922458,0.000014352391,0.0008600263],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938554,0.000008239689,0.00017142574,0.00015330837,0.00013319409,0.00014828684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997107,0.00001855903,0.00007221521,0.00014545151,0.0000020658308,0.00005100508],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000040473933,0.00010586391,0.000091125374,0.0000043949517,0.00013783445,0.000025524605,0.000083828076,0.00005702353,0.00042212912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021781004,0.0000826029,0.000027487165,0.000110899215,0.00019331333,0.00015409311,0.000035893892,0.00010352603,0.000047999038],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006655993,0.000077806064,0.0020821434,0.00000247661,0.000013732888,7.310619e-8,0.00056114903,0.00097189104,0.97339064,0.0002781641,0.00019131921,0.022423932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013367216,0.00051079784,0.6218413,0.000013666265,0.00025760534,0.000021741407,0.002296839,0.20167705,0.16077271,0.0022107542,0.007948731,0.001112093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010945389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002142084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81261796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009037094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000029603755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46220177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061360212","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.002198","title":"Musical instrument recordings made with a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity: photonic guitar pickup","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"QPS Photronics (Canada); Queen's University","funders":"Queen's University; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Optics; Optical fiber; Pickup; Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Transducer; Fiber optic sensor; Instrumentation (computer programming); Acoustics; Materials science; Guitar; Laser; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.007674388986306551,"score_gpt":0.19613324601902796,"score_spread":0.18845885703272142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061360212","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.955534,0.000008290096,0.0058371047,0.00008390041,0.00040514057,0.00048065284,0.000010009383,0.0005202313,0.037120707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8408086,0.000013650181,0.1582053,0.000133136,0.00017299241,0.000094349845,0.000012615778,0.00012263622,0.0004367756],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984545,0.000004197616,0.0002912737,0.00038235702,0.00029252106,0.000575153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989823,0.00006919833,0.00004929033,0.000650906,0.000039656414,0.00020865528],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008964545,0.00035120413,0.00031999493,0.00007903899,0.00008442167,0.000051415693,0.0002601662,0.0002261858,0.0002914508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017862954,0.00033038083,0.000053242937,0.00023207182,0.00012563837,0.00009449466,0.00007554127,0.0008348276,0.00040557425],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003241544,0.00042140763,0.00054615637,0.00040591013,0.00077327824,0.00023124758,0.004450908,0.06235266,0.43387568,0.053926192,0.0031211018,0.43957132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012345593,0.00097180664,0.002533487,0.00027324658,0.0008579764,0.0009560695,0.0026403347,0.26650733,0.25394925,0.009315284,0.4413992,0.008250454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000111000145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034629244,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43827808,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010833267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029389963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999148},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061829012","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000f16","title":"Lava lamp optics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Ellipse; Conic section; Cross section (physics); Materials science; Rotation (mathematics); Lens (geology); Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.013490045208361105,"score_gpt":0.1751197951461914,"score_spread":0.16162974993783027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061829012","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4288752,0.0012978546,0.023153814,0.000089656736,0.00042800384,0.00026433342,0.00000673691,0.0059879026,0.5398965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9597177,0.00057705125,0.039339118,0.0000441128,0.00006317791,0.000017112581,0.000003934884,0.000043337222,0.00019443879],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999397,0.0000016974385,0.00013264274,0.00011309886,0.000064267246,0.00029133572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963814,0.000017415301,0.000015123995,0.00028071977,0.000014269961,0.000034342476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005974625,0.00012847592,0.000115991345,0.000052699954,0.000037194113,0.000012798972,0.00020000481,0.00013398564,0.000017418184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009703324,0.00013045965,0.00002544218,0.00012338498,0.00004931332,0.000022585831,0.000040703104,0.00020763422,0.00015708702],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010412972,0.000048335958,0.00010673013,0.00008694794,0.0001237842,0.000022483513,0.0011633376,0.00017542376,0.4926915,0.41435415,0.009100281,0.08211664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019910655,0.0000345903,0.0000921891,0.0000082113065,0.000024680297,0.0000096712965,0.00021942054,0.00031596405,0.9809742,0.008024476,0.009816918,0.0002805691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002024575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.305733e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53970206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021561746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007758156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53199905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063120493","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.002582","title":"Measurement method of Stokes parameters using a quarter-wave plate with phase difference errors","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Polarizer; Waveplate; Wavelength; Monochromatic color; Azimuth; Stokes parameters; Quarter (Canadian coin); Phase (matter); Physics; Scattering","score_opus":0.08549773885175012,"score_gpt":0.25932702471102775,"score_spread":0.17382928585927765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063120493","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28379786,0.000022215001,0.71306854,0.0000029761507,0.000056226603,0.00013340183,0.000004532566,0.00007847972,0.002835738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6827809,0.0000043993196,0.31716064,0.000018425837,0.000006622564,0.000004464595,0.0000014230499,0.000020603875,0.000002487403],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911356,0.00001305383,0.0002541918,0.00013641575,0.0002639043,0.00021885746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955887,0.000026766245,0.00005459713,0.00020627979,0.00005249093,0.00010100087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016209837,0.00015981952,0.00022759575,0.00009773627,0.000030358615,0.000012188725,0.00008446506,0.00007047013,0.000012686627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001067653,0.00013812406,0.000031008352,0.00022388398,0.000054407228,0.00004060822,0.000014116068,0.00013324794,0.0000068224717],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00067301793,0.0016317792,0.00088704657,0.0011419745,0.0014341016,0.0000399554,0.013328593,0.18155892,0.71910167,0.041971408,0.000069123314,0.038162414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002612189,0.00040941723,0.00081747054,0.000118236865,0.00030682643,0.000015039582,0.00140275,0.6845254,0.30790335,0.0011437989,0.000030324467,0.0007152402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008729306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031214554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50296646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040653293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015424743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5632536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064531864","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.006179","title":"Shooting slurries with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: sampling is the name of the game","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hudbay Minerals (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Sampling (signal processing); Repeatability; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Materials science; Spectroscopy; Reproducibility; Environmental science; Laser; Mineralogy; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optics; Composite material; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Chromatography","score_opus":0.011992430406071675,"score_gpt":0.21114433767658428,"score_spread":0.1991519072705126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064531864","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9631293,0.000038074628,0.0021022474,0.00015802932,0.00026982505,0.00036716985,0.000018379149,0.00015123378,0.033765756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99281657,0.000029431762,0.0067286366,0.00017060073,0.000089050336,0.00002693311,0.0000031948284,0.000066985966,0.00006859473],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864507,0.000026194712,0.00030616947,0.00023287415,0.00031449416,0.00047517678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892527,0.00022527043,0.0000978587,0.0006426272,0.000040236875,0.00006876526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022915714,0.0002938678,0.00027841708,0.00003710058,0.00021127696,0.000075708405,0.00037803687,0.0001283079,0.00007927691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003384626,0.0001759208,0.0000823586,0.0003874678,0.0001085219,0.00006427853,0.000043433083,0.0005299955,0.000035510642],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007972952,0.00012691667,0.0016412287,0.00027326713,0.0005105279,0.000007212675,0.0060947193,0.06935053,0.79022247,0.12968086,0.0006359756,0.0013765604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038848768,0.000049000057,0.00035580265,0.000052635394,0.000087202265,0.000020089783,0.00065204996,0.0032997844,0.9905222,0.0016351428,0.002637011,0.00030057263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010839812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036155416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20029975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006177615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006713848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71738416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064532873","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000099","title":"Distributed Brillouin sensor system based on offset locking of two distributed feedback lasers","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Offset (computer science); Frequency offset; Lock-in amplifier; Laser; Brillouin zone; Amplifier; Materials science; Brillouin scattering; PID controller; Computer science; Physics; Bandwidth (computing); Telecommunications; Temperature control; Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score_opus":0.011490096335406985,"score_gpt":0.20751677919902817,"score_spread":0.19602668286362118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064532873","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74448454,0.000025259502,0.24699855,0.000032689808,0.00035782755,0.00058330374,0.0012408209,0.0010300227,0.005246975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98078436,0.00001048204,0.018344449,0.000029326186,0.00008494787,0.0000208225,0.0006086422,0.000099459096,0.000017531122],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99821043,0.000018855482,0.00054257904,0.00032162346,0.00040164075,0.00050489424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998718,0.00026610208,0.00012934672,0.00062667794,0.00009350393,0.0001663351],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009404681,0.00036686505,0.0005030062,0.000111383706,0.000104946965,0.000014192443,0.00021545913,0.00016036509,0.000010451361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003827797,0.0003960428,0.00010585788,0.0005353746,0.0001318155,0.000045201934,0.000033138407,0.00029017404,0.00008319078],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053259962,0.00004398224,0.0003582253,0.0001616103,0.00005855629,0.000053572647,0.00006419099,0.99078524,0.0056635668,0.0021198706,0.00047453507,0.00016340267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002739441,0.00007126714,0.0011665865,0.00017053133,0.00008693857,0.0000472628,0.00050529814,0.9313871,0.06185498,0.000035895016,0.001202427,0.0007322188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005977935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002356284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23629978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029702578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002938302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065251914","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.004723","title":"High resolution Talbot self-imaging applied to structural characterization of self-assembled monolayers of microspheres","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Talbot effect; Characterization (materials science); Holography; Materials science; Microscopy; Monolayer; Resolution (logic); Image resolution; Moiré pattern; Physics; Diffraction; Nanotechnology; Computer science","score_opus":0.0044805578048696245,"score_gpt":0.20064869377714964,"score_spread":0.19616813597228003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2065251914","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.988052,0.0000067275764,0.0052076164,0.000009189653,0.00009255975,0.00037536427,0.000049846378,0.00006624234,0.0061404416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795743,0.0000050375465,0.020155717,0.000028463584,0.00006587095,0.000025011912,0.00010747601,0.00002483625,0.000013291599],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990001,0.000007469251,0.0003649824,0.00024325112,0.00013080705,0.00025341616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993571,0.000019366822,0.00023960792,0.00024160348,0.00007502992,0.00006727868],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004669863,0.00018718683,0.0002893925,0.000073720286,0.00009426363,0.00002033601,0.00017186196,0.000046982623,0.000015433914],"category_scores_gemma":[6.4714766e-7,0.00019459658,0.00007694265,0.00030427382,0.00003593885,0.00010222592,0.00006880762,0.00008686203,0.000009559502],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007046973,0.0001291275,0.005667753,0.000030332827,0.000083068364,4.162677e-7,0.0007114841,0.00024867477,0.9469519,0.04457124,0.00003531532,0.0015001867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008530598,0.0000486788,0.02761983,0.000015494526,0.000058302045,0.0000012519928,0.0002727194,0.00018658486,0.96931595,0.0011722498,0.00017604051,0.00027984456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030437937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.651748e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04339899,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018969373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042372852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79354185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065617781","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001098","title":"Nonlinearity of high-power optical fiber power meters at 1480 nm","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"OZ Optics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Superposition principle; Power (physics); Nonlinear system; Optical fiber; Calibration; Optical power; Physics; Materials science; Laser","score_opus":0.0883484663662606,"score_gpt":0.33910548986532674,"score_spread":0.25075702349906615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2065617781","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.866779,0.000021984855,0.0036246632,0.0003910528,0.0006881246,0.0003044506,0.000020478934,0.00003336888,0.12813684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9704446,7.618959e-7,0.022177681,0.000104382925,0.0000715381,0.000009583687,0.000029809236,0.0000129343825,0.007148668],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9950791,0.00006672577,0.00087134633,0.00057033455,0.003070382,0.00034211623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974788,0.00071395567,0.0002983536,0.0008099264,0.0005904391,0.000108565444],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0041881115,0.00018038742,0.000349118,0.00019544321,0.00015294737,0.00015182658,0.0005832635,0.00013999203,0.0035335287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068050873,0.00013652236,0.00013346995,0.0006837474,0.00026675055,0.00011537477,0.00018728916,0.00012685324,0.0014395678],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009939923,0.0018459146,0.006879346,0.000026959895,0.00019900464,0.000017754965,0.0015211477,0.029345034,0.211914,0.44731,0.27250284,0.027443986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008599513,0.0006758191,0.14129402,0.0000559403,0.00047157012,0.00001685564,0.0019650818,0.027922738,0.37183958,0.2768835,0.16772307,0.0025522888],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002757927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053658197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17042649,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008852821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077003126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993379},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066475355","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.000610","title":"Application of the Hough transform for the automatic determination of soot aggregate morphology","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Aggregate (composite); Hough transform; Image processing; Materials science; Optics; Particle (ecology); Resolution (logic); Computer science; Soot; Digital image processing; Laptop; Image (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Nanotechnology; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.009987929108777495,"score_gpt":0.24576706550470617,"score_spread":0.23577913639592868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066475355","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0051347874,0.00004007392,0.9930838,0.0002195745,0.000098943114,0.00067449396,0.0000020162558,0.00006223341,0.0006841314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92712486,0.000011989488,0.07250943,0.00009562111,0.000030477166,0.00020222148,6.763645e-7,0.00000603904,0.000018702238],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943763,0.0000124673015,0.00021093663,0.000085396765,0.00011964402,0.00013391818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991507,0.00016123468,0.00018937052,0.00042138877,0.000063318825,0.000014001468],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031976833,0.00006665298,0.00009615207,0.000034776698,0.00008370553,0.0000101023825,0.00048139552,0.000055650624,8.7182957e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015378759,0.00004083038,0.00006063183,0.00020315227,0.00007954088,0.00010843799,0.000048625545,0.000057783753,0.0000017167032],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003892329,0.000055374396,0.000009565236,0.000048427388,0.000008130101,1.929147e-8,0.0008420266,0.000009916977,0.021426002,0.029148445,0.000032029726,0.9484162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001482075,0.00003086404,0.0005157834,0.0000043090995,0.000022589844,0.0000048149814,0.000038947124,0.032507647,0.95704144,0.009239419,0.0003949128,0.00005107026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000058131304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017136133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9483651,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016100545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016829728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16650145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066537948","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.005042","title":"Ultrafast transient responses of optical wireless communication detectors","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Kelowna General Hospital; University of British Columbia; Interior Health","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Optics; Photoconductivity; Photoexcitation; Detector; Photodetection; Transient response; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Impulse response; Optical power; Photodetector; Transient (computer programming); Physics; Laser; Excitation","score_opus":0.009056561233205005,"score_gpt":0.20544451193498495,"score_spread":0.19638795070177995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066537948","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9505318,0.00006781053,0.0029963455,0.0000387684,0.000043378674,0.00021840211,0.000004804293,0.00013415367,0.045964547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99372745,0.00016923384,0.0059581185,0.000028268281,0.000012327768,0.000050854982,0.000006485719,0.000024738963,0.000022525692],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992816,0.000010545736,0.0002612693,0.00009804305,0.0001440357,0.00020454371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992846,0.00022828078,0.000023359262,0.00033311933,0.000040626433,0.0000899622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000087041735,0.00012185995,0.0001842802,0.00004350945,0.00003323306,0.000021833872,0.00022304144,0.000096660595,0.00006106359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011369813,0.00011402182,0.000041436186,0.00012897942,0.00012450115,0.000061000883,0.000022135733,0.00016402293,0.00008997272],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007078582,0.00018811754,0.00014261578,0.00032065585,0.00015511437,0.0000020003913,0.0014477369,0.011453355,0.83373827,0.13365513,0.00013702607,0.018689191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066933944,0.00006988838,0.0120459385,0.00005880063,0.00006710283,0.0000052111645,0.0007625943,0.12107491,0.862973,0.0011276801,0.0006982279,0.00044735888],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008410138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005763769,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13252746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002403266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000113884325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4649675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066779410","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000694","title":"Diffuse-light two-dimensional line-of-sight attenuation for soot concentration measurements","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Attenuation; Materials science; Stray light; Collimated light; Detector; Physics; Laser","score_opus":0.031814030437247544,"score_gpt":0.23177392769452418,"score_spread":0.19995989725727664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066779410","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8216187,0.00008737129,0.1678846,0.00010876729,0.0007425097,0.00076809677,0.000026196283,0.00026468057,0.008499122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901956,0.000015577281,0.009407318,0.000042004227,0.00010308503,0.00003269081,0.00011373065,0.00002494757,0.00006506735],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928457,0.0000043829787,0.00024887017,0.000109986366,0.00020612749,0.00014609625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962413,0.000040148174,0.00004800328,0.00013442608,0.00010621244,0.000047054975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007368736,0.000112670576,0.0001334276,0.000034184755,0.00006784474,0.0000075029484,0.00006627287,0.000064306325,0.000012202324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013135105,0.00011874358,0.000042329528,0.00009041194,0.000026286263,0.00004122838,0.000014212569,0.00006940016,0.000015462589],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006776316,0.00017048861,0.00040015095,0.0000901464,0.00009729532,0.0000012583655,0.00048108786,0.5899122,0.38350964,0.0200312,0.0013566499,0.0038821327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025334174,0.000037452523,0.0004792418,0.000016444877,0.00004809738,0.0000041438184,0.0000180497,0.89770013,0.0973638,0.00077026314,0.00076697837,0.00026195386],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.9395813e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003153656,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30778795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005246781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021355261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48422226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067471025","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001563","title":"Biaxial thin-film coated-plate polarizing beam splitters","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology","keywords":"Beam splitter; Optics; Birefringence; Materials science; Beam (structure); Fabrication; Light beam; Thin film; Optoelectronics; Physics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.008995134109686921,"score_gpt":0.21543309486926446,"score_spread":0.20643796075957754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067471025","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94861037,0.000019349323,0.0017294266,0.00025600972,0.00031231725,0.00021682498,0.000021240992,0.00024585624,0.048588615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9600977,0.0000020194718,0.038296275,0.0006374816,0.0003529341,0.0000141270675,0.000029758728,0.000037550762,0.000532204],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982595,0.000013705021,0.00041785883,0.0003975235,0.0003605396,0.00055090734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925405,0.00011819087,0.00015527097,0.00030161274,0.00006219638,0.00010869151],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003728444,0.00022908875,0.00025449615,0.000052687516,0.00028740676,0.0003087183,0.0002919742,0.00014261252,0.00014217482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039026072,0.00020752382,0.000059818336,0.00019227974,0.00015524605,0.00012515661,0.00014371536,0.00022007785,0.000773121],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020051844,0.000050898296,0.00015808617,0.000018072133,0.0000034936886,0.000007768123,0.00011243722,0.0009585847,0.90044564,0.09714676,0.0009814291,0.000096762575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009993019,0.00011855025,0.0011377162,0.00003649716,0.00006731961,0.000014923609,0.0002549402,0.0043728617,0.9739787,0.013097117,0.005131509,0.00079059287],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018728235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001621361,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08404964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040054758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035373585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9937164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067874505","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001266","title":"Modal analysis and device considerations of thin high index dielectric overlay slab waveguides","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Overlay; Optics; Slab; Refractive index; Materials science; Waveguide; Dielectric; Modal; Modal analysis; Layer (electronics); Optoelectronics; Computer science; Physics; Finite element method; Engineering; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.009039168169419578,"score_gpt":0.21368907148491093,"score_spread":0.20464990331549135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067874505","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9382611,0.00080524414,0.013629833,0.0000332937,0.00007564537,0.00014400811,0.000016206714,0.00011116158,0.04692353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907586,0.00012432697,0.008946101,0.000076218304,0.0000403375,0.000011501937,0.000008949203,0.000014739932,0.000019212122],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929416,0.0000068063478,0.00023077766,0.0000997498,0.00012803203,0.00024049488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994537,0.00021731616,0.00003400208,0.00016523605,0.00003144704,0.00009827059],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000111335394,0.00012221173,0.00024896694,0.00012256579,0.00004748696,0.00002327511,0.000053114843,0.000092484086,0.000052526364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024795054,0.00011456705,0.000040049024,0.0004156018,0.00004742172,0.00009025514,0.000029499808,0.00012329603,0.000009266643],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012120073,0.00010335158,0.006621075,0.0001557947,0.0014678391,0.0000021964686,0.0009459747,0.057188157,0.015722767,0.91631085,0.00015743346,0.001312428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005795298,0.000029931485,0.0935237,0.000010624543,0.0013102742,0.0000060155153,0.00020487348,0.8410356,0.054368015,0.0079542985,0.00044515633,0.00053198007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034520894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003496449,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90835655,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021338967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012484534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46719086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068092650","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.002294","title":"Compact hybrid TM-pass polarizer for silicon-on-insulator platform","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Polarizer; Optics; Silicon on insulator; Extinction ratio; Materials science; Silicon; Finite-difference time-domain method; Refractive index; Waveguide; Optoelectronics; Physics; Birefringence; Wavelength","score_opus":0.027390673304308152,"score_gpt":0.21872456116448913,"score_spread":0.19133388786018096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068092650","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66887194,0.00008285962,0.006355813,0.000020216588,0.00045854098,0.000652953,0.00010131402,0.0005276074,0.32292873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99422914,0.000018525256,0.005227706,0.00023057454,0.00010343219,0.000034724806,0.000023238383,0.00006054676,0.00007212768],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903417,0.0000015661144,0.00022939254,0.00018688879,0.00013300372,0.00041498186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936324,0.00011453999,0.000028050177,0.00030383762,0.00002350777,0.00016681358],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000082346894,0.00021994516,0.00025160832,0.00004957679,0.000066180146,0.000030357382,0.00021644997,0.00009838017,0.00007493721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011312729,0.00020106828,0.00008238916,0.00007190861,0.00004621859,0.000071045004,0.000021581156,0.00018727734,0.00025422132],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029307598,0.00032258208,0.00021829679,0.00036328557,0.00048621857,0.000023739063,0.0008665418,0.0036715146,0.023052378,0.9634462,0.0025723982,0.0046837633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00460037,0.0005101591,0.009014269,0.000084264,0.00028665946,0.00002912065,0.00043494813,0.43121305,0.4639392,0.040073525,0.047549374,0.0022650752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005715232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018581051,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9233727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005055835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016113403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81993264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068130108","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007368","title":"Tapered-fiber-based refractive index sensor at an air/solution interface","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Refractive index; Materials science; Optics; Cladding (metalworking); Cladding mode; Interferometry; Graded-index fiber; Optical fiber; Attenuation; Normalized frequency (unit); Step-index profile; Fiber optic sensor; Microfiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.013622884502225477,"score_gpt":0.24321238695813158,"score_spread":0.2295895024559061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068130108","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8547937,0.0001233337,0.10785859,0.000043233045,0.0004782403,0.00042406976,0.000019540677,0.0008620663,0.035397187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94760936,0.000009151096,0.05144774,0.00008578765,0.00023065651,0.000035383076,0.000031935513,0.00011863663,0.00043135122],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986287,0.000017211894,0.00026452233,0.00024810297,0.00022826885,0.000613195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990151,0.00012392542,0.000064515036,0.000509915,0.000044130185,0.00024242156],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011163971,0.00029892346,0.00023944161,0.00008775762,0.00009449931,0.000015549029,0.0001513381,0.00022512015,0.00011999362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020805082,0.00032904034,0.000046918318,0.00018874301,0.00007441742,0.00024721914,0.000052875945,0.0003415012,0.0008689944],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017110659,0.00018964996,0.0004548667,0.000072766015,0.00011029944,0.0000055409355,0.0014183007,0.8547582,0.13297755,0.0014171088,0.00073444203,0.0076901554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027100598,0.00017006659,0.005865239,0.000047550322,0.00018468263,0.00005416905,0.001704146,0.43947458,0.48255605,0.0002615076,0.06477134,0.0022006237],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000034413563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000045107863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41528365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035904307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011707738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068223327","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.003291","title":"Expansion of field of view in digital in-line holography with a programmable point source","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Holography; Optics; Digital holography; Digital micromirror device; Computer science; Line (geometry); Point source; Point (geometry); Reference beam; Physics","score_opus":0.004722268711399017,"score_gpt":0.22663035201581958,"score_spread":0.22190808330442055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068223327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97119164,0.00004244552,0.00612852,0.000023344355,0.00000805542,0.00026252802,0.000010554101,0.000008987428,0.022323934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99699795,0.000004737191,0.0028947578,0.000034769775,0.000009125624,0.000011944483,0.000024226776,0.0000066845805,0.000015830115],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934465,0.0000027158928,0.000253474,0.00014524323,0.00007188733,0.0001820345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966085,0.000028320273,0.00009684237,0.00016166992,0.000024253117,0.000028047043],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000522924,0.000108564556,0.00023579253,0.000118601034,0.000008576691,0.00001614995,0.000097558666,0.00003772476,0.0000047773233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000012805352,0.0000908637,0.00005827813,0.0004491694,0.00006519997,0.000089151355,0.00002144808,0.000103342405,9.309246e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007753152,0.003620984,0.13776587,0.00013875646,0.000083233266,0.000009998035,0.001127117,0.0012405877,0.015114039,0.13603975,0.00006016556,0.7040242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016693488,0.011198451,0.04030596,0.0017371229,0.00016814569,0.000009781608,0.0076288683,0.00041853095,0.63967437,0.27691454,0.002953597,0.0022971523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001636066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020847694,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70172703,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000022627491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017149492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3705314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068259205","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006839","title":"Information content of data measured with a multiple-field-of-view lidar","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Depth sounding; Remote sensing; Scattering; Optics; Range (aeronautics); Computer science; Physics; Geology; Materials science","score_opus":0.02396083505879136,"score_gpt":0.22197298481552408,"score_spread":0.1980121497567327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068259205","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9078541,0.000037726408,0.047338482,0.00006546778,0.000024701145,0.00034309152,0.000019170046,0.000020572768,0.0442967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96511674,0.000013537801,0.034700777,0.000080158134,0.000009445704,0.0000065366708,0.000029845092,0.0000049611613,0.00003799482],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999289,0.0000045875527,0.00024733946,0.00008620413,0.00026375853,0.00010913495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993842,0.00003442339,0.00016225477,0.0003799111,0.000012681612,0.000026527377],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000111790985,0.00007766612,0.00013355145,9.229665e-7,0.00002662332,0.00000727044,0.00025661578,0.000041905194,0.00008447636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012146983,0.000058968733,0.00001407855,0.000114855255,0.00008756864,0.00017263659,0.00014928976,0.000049025093,0.000031588686],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009579974,0.0012130942,0.4941049,0.0004555461,0.00020123723,0.000005272496,0.0029297688,0.02575205,0.15140398,0.033172898,0.00705402,0.28274924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010362915,0.0014656433,0.7021881,0.00025776649,0.00050963584,0.000022996066,0.0064426837,0.041828487,0.16151567,0.0016116817,0.071811974,0.0019824645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046239438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000088369416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2807668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016146954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010323739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24046752},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068503422","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.003039","title":"Topical Meeting on Optical Interference Coatings (OIC’2001): manufacturing problem","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Transmittance; Materials science; Optical coating; Sputter deposition; Sputtering; Interference (communication); Coating; Physical vapor deposition; Deposition (geology); Interference filter; Evaporation; Electron beam physical vapor deposition; Thin film; Ion beam; Optical filter; Beam (structure); Optoelectronics; Chemical vapor deposition; Physics; Computer science; Composite material; Wavelength; Nanotechnology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.030551305776184992,"score_gpt":0.2132821329141759,"score_spread":0.18273082713799088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068503422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5922012,0.000056929977,0.0076189446,0.00016972807,0.0003183198,0.00033354526,0.0000023498737,0.000521742,0.39877728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9685515,0.00004533491,0.030943938,0.00011946486,0.0001331244,0.00004000639,0.0000022586578,0.000049043174,0.00011528305],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99849683,0.000008847079,0.0003318304,0.00027882555,0.00032516796,0.0005584699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993647,0.00013845756,0.0000292792,0.00026300488,0.000023698816,0.00018089561],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014002468,0.0002578605,0.00025209086,0.000046160494,0.000086374275,0.00008539397,0.00022774527,0.00014574197,0.00017527021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037932874,0.00024318202,0.000051811676,0.00008816642,0.000047210076,0.0000582001,0.00006612789,0.00041506314,0.0004023388],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015741591,0.0012112393,0.0014653911,0.0013226375,0.00044357844,0.00014901742,0.0028460822,0.2868361,0.10954326,0.18867414,0.0066033634,0.40074778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029670103,0.0005072253,0.0017790688,0.00073614187,0.00015615195,0.000024773668,0.0006106496,0.23363283,0.74221855,0.004369842,0.010399903,0.0025978682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000017073218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025229788,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6326753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000091731454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003316696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9916675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068760818","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.003910","title":"Approximation of normalized point source sensitivity using power spectral density and slopes of wavefront aberration","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Wavefront; Optics; Spectral density; Physics; Sensitivity (control systems); Metric (unit); Approximation error; Root mean square; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Statistics","score_opus":0.009382592808770565,"score_gpt":0.20925802961211548,"score_spread":0.1998754368033449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068760818","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67931837,0.0000037955074,0.31684354,0.000015428785,0.000023207152,0.0002198185,0.0000038759067,0.0000063670254,0.0035656272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91487443,9.599844e-7,0.08501243,0.0000088916095,0.00004551058,0.0000015613781,0.000014629246,0.000014365376,0.000027243344],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992021,0.000025275964,0.00029521872,0.00016814058,0.0001393819,0.0001699175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932635,0.000050516253,0.00026359025,0.00015995385,0.00014822402,0.000051383246],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016459584,0.00014167327,0.00027756422,0.000043464166,0.000073157615,0.000025207726,0.000028998511,0.00004597232,0.000026810101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004911465,0.00013755393,0.000049755992,0.00006277946,0.000106645406,0.00012850025,0.000059859216,0.00009117355,0.0000031978989],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052166182,0.00018542848,0.005422148,0.00004407946,0.00013898984,5.749493e-7,0.0021042603,0.004396985,0.82206225,0.1598464,0.00001851444,0.0057282303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015524684,0.00010400946,0.026832119,0.00006413274,0.00018465478,0.0000064695355,0.0048217853,0.4450574,0.49984393,0.020913385,0.000029664649,0.00058997824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030181627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000045271568,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44066042,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017506225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021782753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56092864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068816620","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006142","title":"Long-period grating refractive index sensor with a modified cladding structure for large operational range and high sensitivity","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Cladding (metalworking); Refractive index; Materials science; Cladding mode; Optics; Step-index profile; Normalized frequency (unit); Long-period fiber grating; Grating; Optoelectronics; Fiber optic sensor; Optical fiber; Graded-index fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.0055539282718259884,"score_gpt":0.2045765477446189,"score_spread":0.1990226194727929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068816620","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6376309,0.000015045895,0.36103076,0.000025653833,0.000051079573,0.00043409757,0.00019925696,0.00014304479,0.00047017384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88316935,0.0000022126565,0.116308175,0.000044373544,0.00021503956,0.00003971743,0.00010781409,0.00007373664,0.000039578106],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989303,0.000010714831,0.00020861284,0.00030311124,0.00018138663,0.0003659173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943125,0.00018377259,0.00005631437,0.00018082773,0.000087106455,0.000060713297],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000083384555,0.00026906875,0.0002731894,0.00006307985,0.00019149695,0.000075328295,0.00004101002,0.00016068386,0.0000047016088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017448943,0.00025446207,0.000023737326,0.00013205655,0.000046258843,0.00013729259,0.000023598584,0.00026649656,0.000001104438],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001883248,0.0000297885,0.0011022115,0.00010292253,0.000119262535,0.000040922205,0.00058615993,0.9168504,0.03619828,0.04392677,0.000047721507,0.0008072253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038705566,0.000058920472,0.011666308,0.000038470484,0.000096643445,0.00012728364,0.0008359265,0.96346116,0.017322296,0.0015329991,0.00013415978,0.00085524766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008823946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010189296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24553846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008346307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001656535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069015894","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.004686","title":"Impact of interferometer optical path difference speed profile on the Fourier-transform-spectrometry-derived spectrum of a telecommunications signal","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Synchronous optical networking; Optics; SIGNAL (programming language); Header; Interferometry; Computer science; Passband; Telecommunications; Modulation (music); Physics; Fourier transform; Optical Carrier transmission rates; Acoustics; Band-pass filter; Computer network; Optical fiber","score_opus":0.01079784364173497,"score_gpt":0.22314850548086593,"score_spread":0.21235066183913096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069015894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90490407,0.000042783005,0.011310117,0.000076022705,0.000023456798,0.00036390478,0.000050644492,0.00006879063,0.08316022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98729515,0.00004994461,0.012513815,0.000010804951,0.000030649357,0.000023743065,0.000020019836,0.000031006533,0.000024840729],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998866,0.000014902958,0.00041125674,0.00014476689,0.0002348148,0.00032824549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989222,0.00038343904,0.000065542394,0.0005307573,0.000034022,0.000063995336],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012218171,0.00021501417,0.00033583379,0.00009871234,0.00004684805,0.000023572893,0.0004461103,0.00009894087,0.00021902267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001365421,0.00014510783,0.00015863543,0.00033601734,0.00019314056,0.000032629516,0.000051842042,0.00034762954,0.000022110193],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013144102,0.0006129434,0.00033413438,0.00012139023,0.00035052575,0.0000024051797,0.0002970474,0.0064974288,0.75086784,0.23904182,0.00010009778,0.0016429293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00095150224,0.0009468012,0.05304687,0.000104944884,0.00014344636,0.0000073157407,0.00016295965,0.17700301,0.75432783,0.012732982,0.000028116458,0.00054419326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021989603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009680446,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22630884,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007128022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031340827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59173256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069321374","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.000495","title":"Optical characterization of porous silicon and crystalline silicon by the Kramers-Kronig method","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Porous silicon; Materials science; Refractive index; Optics; Silicon; Crystalline silicon; Kramers–Kronig relations; Absorption (acoustics); Attenuation coefficient; Spectral line; Molar absorptivity; Scattering; Light scattering; Spectrometer; Photon energy; Optoelectronics; Photon; Physics","score_opus":0.008082810833111836,"score_gpt":0.24808414306912013,"score_spread":0.2400013322360083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069321374","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99118316,0.000063553845,0.0072306576,0.00013428752,0.00012769701,0.0003412549,0.000038372054,0.000035211266,0.0008458066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995748,0.000038002847,0.0036055625,0.0003454926,0.00008152895,0.000008132744,0.000035116733,0.000019798783,0.0001184019],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870765,0.000027760005,0.00039911803,0.00029953333,0.00025654153,0.0003094199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904495,0.0002793525,0.00019167236,0.0003227079,0.00006432199,0.00009697467],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067295943,0.00017211045,0.0002515173,0.000033650336,0.0001026451,0.000057759436,0.00024135453,0.000113175,0.00008704575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050136467,0.00012645533,0.00002954178,0.00015615104,0.0002583254,0.00006207032,0.00008942449,0.00012919969,0.0000062817476],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007778094,0.000033578614,0.0001174687,0.000027730413,0.000005842474,0.000001806801,0.00021336992,0.000010311061,0.98710513,0.008329411,0.00002980679,0.004047738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032784286,0.0000639536,0.002614332,0.000006919082,0.00002756028,0.000028908433,0.00015722972,0.00051091926,0.9949866,0.00022989539,0.0008894404,0.00015641657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033725188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000072475978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008099516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016960194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025564545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5156698},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069544653","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.001541","title":"Implementation of a compact, four-stage, scalable optical interconnect for photonic backplane applications","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Backplane; Optical interconnect; Interconnection; Photonics; Optics; Scalability; Computer science; Photonic integrated circuit; Optical communication; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Telecommunications; Physics; Computer hardware","score_opus":0.030753203222143487,"score_gpt":0.2615454666553251,"score_spread":0.2307922634331816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069544653","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8449804,0.00071792636,0.0705099,0.00018130154,0.00031280788,0.0030613607,0.00039825478,0.0005118317,0.07932619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833847,0.00008357619,0.016073005,0.000048068345,0.000064429776,0.00015558582,0.00005526844,0.000036481782,0.00009888282],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991406,0.0000031130428,0.00031177825,0.00016280281,0.00011020359,0.00027150873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994096,0.00018456107,0.000043295797,0.00022517529,0.000043675278,0.0000936598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006759701,0.0001468767,0.00022680417,0.000058098864,0.000041606552,0.00003063844,0.00015188394,0.00007417968,0.00041839096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000051150396,0.00014811842,0.00006109035,0.00014779637,0.000048507416,0.000062274325,0.000016572421,0.00009738108,0.00010221264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008407024,0.0005587411,0.00064202707,0.0025167605,0.00088545185,0.0000072183802,0.001437782,0.030756589,0.42160204,0.46346825,0.012683345,0.065357715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032163605,0.0002511645,0.00024592187,0.00004530229,0.0002701247,0.000013329673,0.0033631346,0.32808936,0.6097225,0.0018301378,0.05204837,0.0009043199],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065721924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021717142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46163812,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040608516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000062966565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60400933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071121155","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.002214","title":"Polarization dynamics in optical ground wire network","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Physics; Faraday cage; Polarization (electrochemistry); Electrical conductor; Magnetic field","score_opus":0.005018600136768739,"score_gpt":0.19041886899325086,"score_spread":0.18540026885648211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071121155","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7181816,0.00019360929,0.09924731,0.00067249674,0.00042517929,0.0005675113,0.000003882068,0.0027038087,0.17800458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91750395,0.000067488276,0.08214417,0.000081112565,0.00011985293,0.000008135338,0.000026307567,0.0000287757,0.000020225785],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898237,0.0000036849062,0.0002522734,0.00017147911,0.00013485516,0.00045531616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958414,0.00005998339,0.000016684038,0.00027001055,0.000013682825,0.000055478788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009463322,0.00017408846,0.0001968623,0.000065172964,0.00003671919,0.000049150534,0.0002019384,0.00027801975,0.0000045271036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018774695,0.00019096899,0.000025397052,0.0005336276,0.00005594039,0.000071532755,0.000038979735,0.0003839898,0.0000388572],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005155861,0.000023439705,0.00042647144,0.00000759387,0.0000066960747,0.0000055790006,0.000010888401,0.21833676,0.000154896,0.7606466,0.00009519655,0.020280736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002998366,0.000047992526,0.013061499,0.000021323114,0.000014660774,0.0000043316772,0.00009520479,0.9299026,0.00008644089,0.055976924,0.00015284735,0.0003363495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.8625146e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024223336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71156585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021357309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000068015347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7787489},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071776737","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001701","title":"Optimal signal processing of nonlinearity in swept-source and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Fourier transform; Optical coherence tomography; Convolution (computer science); Frequency domain; Bessel function; Signal processing; Computer science; Algorithm; Physics; Mathematics; Digital signal processing; Mathematical analysis; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.01016731292029542,"score_gpt":0.22554958201699382,"score_spread":0.21538226909669841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071776737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92880577,0.00042506153,0.05719102,0.0000246786,0.000021139209,0.00040659134,0.000011432188,0.00017061798,0.012943691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8210922,0.000018264309,0.17869857,0.000014705943,0.00006590173,0.000068811736,0.0000072384623,0.000030844334,0.0000034926504],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985851,0.000011292165,0.00040272105,0.0002226296,0.00023397843,0.0005442969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993396,0.00012169455,0.000049920487,0.00022637322,0.000038537783,0.00022391327],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026190092,0.00023245405,0.00030315536,0.00017772517,0.000050581188,0.000037324084,0.0001954352,0.00016638993,0.000031567317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007514032,0.00024781717,0.000053866464,0.00077829545,0.00031518767,0.0001524642,0.00006130977,0.00040439988,0.000011296429],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026132434,0.0030655747,0.17802466,0.002078288,0.00032538286,0.00001414632,0.008095975,0.10799455,0.29840967,0.2574474,0.00021876865,0.14406426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0061368574,0.00061528623,0.36685488,0.0005283449,0.00051081605,0.00011757141,0.006299867,0.4072559,0.18966925,0.013489982,0.0033441803,0.005177083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000041337544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000054023126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29926136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026733722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019422258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071852481","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006640","title":"Characterization of high refractive index semiconductor films by surface plasmon resonance","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Refractive index; Surface plasmon resonance; Materials science; Optics; Semiconductor; Thin film; Silicon; Germanium; Surface plasmon; Refraction; Plasmon; Optoelectronics; Resonance (particle physics); Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle","score_opus":0.004087897352194347,"score_gpt":0.17870731821746033,"score_spread":0.174619420865266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071852481","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849534,0.00009457777,0.0015499161,0.000011459689,0.00010943506,0.00014013656,0.00011888849,0.00010605254,0.012916136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99776286,0.000104192004,0.0016487121,0.000025525795,0.000028763327,0.000008971118,0.00017302883,0.000029719478,0.00021822342],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993057,0.0000043712234,0.00022384134,0.00014268162,0.00013864324,0.0001847641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996638,0.000051468756,0.000058032456,0.00016249584,0.00002938813,0.000034849138],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000041852705,0.0001316334,0.00018655932,0.000019589403,0.000023281198,0.000014215626,0.00010611715,0.0001252014,0.000033173845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000038615217,0.00013539007,0.000020145953,0.00013853342,0.0000410172,0.00009190928,0.000020039352,0.0001420106,0.000023021454],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001722701,0.000031671996,0.00010135831,0.00003805213,0.000013269977,7.757271e-7,0.00003970722,0.0060347193,0.9836742,0.009465492,0.0003795501,0.0002039731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034679734,0.000015798743,0.004576099,0.000019761514,0.00001528625,7.646497e-7,0.000033521028,0.0434527,0.94703466,0.00044496832,0.0038367086,0.0002229231],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003626141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004241716,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037417978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003235246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009953178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5521047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072107380","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.004284","title":"Polar cap mesosphere wind observations: comparisons of simultaneous measurements with a Fabry–Perot interferometer and a field-widened Michelson interferometer","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Mesopause; Airglow; Michelson interferometer; Interferometry; Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Zenith; Physics; Optics; Mesosphere; Remote sensing; Geodesy; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Stratosphere; Wavelength","score_opus":0.015377577458648383,"score_gpt":0.21906597960848456,"score_spread":0.2036884021498362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072107380","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96234655,0.00007295662,0.023774868,0.000076751036,0.00004773238,0.00046914758,0.000035285953,0.000033746146,0.013142962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9728957,0.00000767168,0.02560273,0.00019838687,0.00006226845,0.000027600627,0.000053841388,0.000041180407,0.0011106334],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986802,0.000025571873,0.00041018068,0.0003391086,0.00022352638,0.00032144322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912727,0.00014521173,0.00014126464,0.0003669741,0.00011282448,0.00010646274],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007963955,0.0003025519,0.00041260754,0.00002497114,0.00009520154,0.00007146795,0.00022710685,0.00009695233,0.001210301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005203219,0.00026822506,0.000069467496,0.00019566316,0.00008633729,0.000116657284,0.00006434242,0.00023927823,0.000027141403],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0039222506,0.0036100794,0.20473695,0.0005647437,0.0045134802,0.000028669507,0.009350832,0.017602794,0.04691608,0.020346759,0.0048988126,0.6835086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.07399694,0.02676654,0.035918206,0.0039935373,0.009211069,0.00014776071,0.043635387,0.45212764,0.2318632,0.030553004,0.07110076,0.020685956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003017616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008375819,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6628226,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023098648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043209075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074276354","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.003520","title":"Tomography by point source digital holographic microscopy","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Holography; Digital holographic microscopy; Digital holography; Microscopy; Micrometer; Tomographic reconstruction; Refractive index; Materials science; Tomography; Ptychography; Diffraction; Physics","score_opus":0.0023854978457188932,"score_gpt":0.19387559473534674,"score_spread":0.19149009688962784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074276354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64252716,0.000060300277,0.07752634,0.00005949538,0.00016888992,0.00027103635,0.0001923852,0.00018672837,0.27900764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99697256,0.0000029984856,0.0018700666,0.00027076883,0.00013331092,0.00003597673,0.00027325077,0.000043883396,0.00039715695],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869823,0.000009879471,0.00026292875,0.00040526126,0.00013050555,0.00049321866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992267,0.0000644695,0.00010991769,0.00040666678,0.000033070162,0.00015919398],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009247386,0.00028615785,0.00026049366,0.00012441783,0.00014277262,0.00029381335,0.0003084235,0.000084280895,0.00004186423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002216451,0.00027811984,0.00022950921,0.0004124886,0.00029405768,0.00017536845,0.00009611098,0.00021378955,0.00013761525],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015337595,0.0022512197,0.10622567,0.000059285823,0.0006039701,0.0000021658648,0.0005119589,0.000050147766,0.16513298,0.5024433,0.049541086,0.17302482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053905807,0.00085537246,0.0034038227,0.00007351276,0.00025895017,0.000009509632,0.0018858921,0.00015080099,0.22112852,0.18542567,0.5780591,0.0033582903],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007031968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.8901976e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52851796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004006339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010082622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999671},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074333327","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.006563","title":"Relation between circular and linear depolarization ratios under multiple-scattering conditions","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Azimuth; Lidar; Scattering; Optics; Depolarization; Polarization (electrochemistry); Circular polarization; Physics; Depolarization ratio; Forward scatter; Light scattering; Linear polarization; Computational physics; Remote sensing; Laser; Geology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.017109602639193942,"score_gpt":0.21742778165870194,"score_spread":0.200318179019508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074333327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8284004,0.0000062803238,0.16900773,0.00006524849,0.000022325432,0.00014278205,0.000002427241,0.000037031303,0.0023158158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825259,0.000020812837,0.017073462,0.00015490784,0.000052716947,0.000012371364,0.000060577353,0.000014608828,0.00008462859],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994062,0.00000813165,0.00014467716,0.00017534486,0.00013831601,0.00012733697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997083,0.00004816934,0.000054147215,0.00012370439,0.0000039933734,0.000061661805],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000042362808,0.000086616514,0.00008226495,0.000001452562,0.00029074826,0.000011773772,0.000052137962,0.00007522549,0.00010545798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009079296,0.00009034963,0.00001555904,0.00010655448,0.00014580322,0.000094729156,0.000060428953,0.00008436882,0.00010673798],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000028517427,0.00003230493,0.8901582,0.000005468604,0.000018598545,0.0000028980944,0.00057382626,0.042352878,0.06419221,0.0019544263,0.00008072602,0.0006256468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003309722,0.000015436199,0.97943544,0.000003275424,0.000024812984,0.000007752376,0.00010109915,0.017307296,0.0017383961,0.0006313416,0.00023597406,0.00016819181],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026000094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053801227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15412556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041696007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000053707968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3684351},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074452523","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.003509","title":"Tunable electro-optic microlens array II Cylindrical geometry","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BioPhage Pharma (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Refractive index; Microlens; Materials science; Electric field; Electrode; Polarization (electrochemistry); Focal length; Ray; Diffraction; Voltage; Wavefront; Linear polarization; Birefringence; Plane wave; Lens (geology); Physics","score_opus":0.004628627853608798,"score_gpt":0.1868387368282795,"score_spread":0.18221010897467071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074452523","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6074601,0.00036549597,0.0014094313,0.000052074956,0.000093312854,0.0001528061,0.000006347621,0.00038744835,0.390073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98659164,0.0003580445,0.011214448,0.00024403188,0.00015621477,0.000030753756,0.000018173414,0.00006107193,0.0013256166],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986213,0.000004870965,0.00027246383,0.00025150258,0.00019775104,0.0006521291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939084,0.000057060468,0.00001600015,0.0003338319,0.000017529828,0.00018472996],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008833961,0.00024246532,0.00027725505,0.0000683865,0.00012727774,0.000046291534,0.00025350504,0.00018780808,0.00090112985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000631328,0.00023952164,0.00007366599,0.00034103735,0.000060282466,0.00006516235,0.000025958449,0.00039427498,0.0012470688],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020634217,0.0009059892,0.000120646495,0.0005164739,0.00082563795,0.0001306697,0.0012143127,0.11350735,0.60533786,0.19005407,0.0074539455,0.07972669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028146312,0.0004193731,0.0012202165,0.00007250244,0.00036292864,0.0001294652,0.00019984703,0.24799046,0.39746785,0.008812723,0.3377117,0.0027983168],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000028047077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011731506,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3887474,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007145114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021008538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99953055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074577400","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.000625","title":"Wind buffeting of large telescopes","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Telescope; Jitter; Enclosure; Optical telescope; Optics; Aeroelasticity; Physics; Wind speed; Sensitivity (control systems); Remote sensing; Aerodynamics; Computer science; Meteorology; Engineering; Electronic engineering; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.006952843661584851,"score_gpt":0.23119264158381964,"score_spread":0.22423979792223478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074577400","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82894224,0.000004298182,0.014924062,0.000026832226,0.00013361021,0.00011348261,0.000020542038,0.000014329449,0.1558206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95511496,4.864393e-7,0.04435882,0.000028901773,0.00029815797,0.0000010885226,0.000015090135,0.000019969655,0.00016251381],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932206,0.000004079417,0.000188072,0.00014769936,0.00010939759,0.00022866916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951696,0.000053155596,0.000111984285,0.0002071566,0.000056235152,0.00005448057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012789002,0.00011406564,0.00016713586,0.000027917715,0.00008816913,0.00001990833,0.000098960125,0.000041657524,0.00011956927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003932422,0.00010871089,0.00004926106,0.00006835238,0.000056792887,0.000030743257,0.00007080693,0.00022617601,0.000031259253],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007344222,0.00010645624,0.0033181738,0.0000074592435,0.000040235864,6.1050974e-7,0.00022750607,0.00007970601,0.13185756,0.85710305,0.00011474754,0.0071371286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0055213496,0.00019651804,0.016523313,0.00012150431,0.0003626836,0.0000047531275,0.00864742,0.016838994,0.7419891,0.10161393,0.105774276,0.0024061862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014079074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003170079,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7554892,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002744633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024150138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44331014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074668778","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.005297","title":"Fiber Bragg grating in large-mode-area fiber for high power fiber laser applications","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber Bragg grating; Optics; Materials science; Fiber laser; PHOSFOS; Photonic-crystal fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Optical fiber; Plastic optical fiber; Graded-index fiber; Fiber; Long-period fiber grating; Laser; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.006647282493560834,"score_gpt":0.2325630888838297,"score_spread":0.22591580639026887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074668778","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7862459,0.00007615321,0.07232806,0.00027242946,0.00073860155,0.0044615674,0.00064772635,0.0015511754,0.13367844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7395039,0.0000082254655,0.2545106,0.00015641273,0.00023152378,0.0011989343,0.00020024125,0.00022706743,0.003963058],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982107,0.000005319048,0.00047116683,0.0004251106,0.00020220014,0.00068545213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986814,0.00034074148,0.0000725812,0.0006829077,0.00008045661,0.00014187038],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001464423,0.0003561957,0.00033664503,0.00013179226,0.00011630504,0.000053618704,0.0002722334,0.00032407153,0.0007919814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039777227,0.00038788342,0.000078983125,0.0003356946,0.000059873197,0.00013039971,0.000068297544,0.0006068485,0.0006278292],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012607695,0.0006849845,0.0002722798,0.00047137926,0.00035466018,0.000024578803,0.0022307674,0.7405288,0.055970322,0.14349678,0.013432379,0.042406984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0078546535,0.00011492423,0.0015350987,0.00009535484,0.00023645052,0.000042872733,0.00069753843,0.09929502,0.08724255,0.03325229,0.76556766,0.004065602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000034466257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050205424,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7521353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006742692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002247223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998573},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074973648","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.001654","title":"Analysis of chirped-sampled and sampled-chirped fiber Bragg gratings","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Chirp; Fiber Bragg grating; Optics; Materials science; PHOSFOS; Dispersion (optics); Grating; Physics; Optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Laser","score_opus":0.013481492345726494,"score_gpt":0.21079470553176693,"score_spread":0.19731321318604045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074973648","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95779943,0.00026724054,0.01587088,0.000032885775,0.00008086609,0.00030097377,0.000057304755,0.0003490509,0.025241392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9147228,0.00013967406,0.08455287,0.00005199342,0.000052005267,0.00001897583,0.00003625316,0.000067015724,0.00035841056],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872184,0.00000770205,0.00043211534,0.00027993767,0.00021650306,0.00034190164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900323,0.00028516332,0.00009616344,0.0004554109,0.00004276963,0.00011728226],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000080141064,0.00026066756,0.00052051025,0.0002558183,0.00006134981,0.000028123759,0.00014879274,0.00013008006,0.00035484068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052871466,0.0002754231,0.000100700236,0.0008007089,0.00009431616,0.000070079666,0.000050269435,0.00019971347,0.000044134347],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045067703,0.00020132151,0.0017338133,0.00031525648,0.0046955766,0.000018513036,0.006414283,0.8592627,0.050862756,0.02297943,0.0009218781,0.052549396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015740138,0.00006496416,0.0068180296,0.000025072606,0.002244347,0.000010750248,0.0004690937,0.97183853,0.009513156,0.0012949113,0.0050064675,0.0011406693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008416482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015682775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11257582,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029540008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003011716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999698},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075058121","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.005644","title":"The Toboggan Sun","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Government of Nunavut","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Ray tracing (physics); Optics; Geodesy; Physics","score_opus":0.004197798097727179,"score_gpt":0.17821017953682033,"score_spread":0.17401238143909314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075058121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5615746,0.000015625617,0.000955191,0.0010040563,0.00005821548,0.00011725757,0.0000029945393,0.00004500522,0.4362271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930351,0.000045163728,0.0038406388,0.00027061973,0.000041745505,0.00000859814,0.0000050117033,0.0000063890648,0.0027467767],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995553,0.000003650872,0.000084071886,0.00008882338,0.00011938248,0.0001487633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997448,0.000030115529,0.00002110643,0.0001663976,0.0000012421872,0.000036344576],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008963111,0.00005324412,0.000035211688,0.000004377793,0.00016043372,0.000033345208,0.00015099645,0.000030288698,0.00008928132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002323098,0.00003557768,0.0000154812,0.00006413754,0.00007181383,0.000031389685,0.00007482091,0.00007087355,0.0009710491],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027651366,0.00013734495,0.0096645085,0.000002392816,0.000034750847,0.00000561135,0.0008110172,0.25048065,0.010518942,0.44453397,0.0075910417,0.2761921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003172089,0.000018748668,0.0075692143,0.0000016150899,0.000021500658,0.000014176837,0.00007082801,0.17926295,0.0013828865,0.0070948335,0.8039449,0.00030116973],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006206908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000101819016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7963538,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004089637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000022215856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998068},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075387853","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001323","title":"Philip Werner Baumeister (1929-2003): in memoriam","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Tribute; Ninth; Optics; Honor; Demise; Optical coating; Thin film; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Engineering physics; Computer science; Art history; Art; Physics; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.007017882431003653,"score_gpt":0.21022966848730656,"score_spread":0.2032117860563029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075387853","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76760375,0.000024889923,0.0005360408,0.00027217646,0.00075369666,0.00026957624,0.000009678169,0.00009646103,0.23043375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9704203,0.0000023593534,0.026164107,0.00043288225,0.0006331137,0.000037053935,0.000013150128,0.000027245458,0.0022697817],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986117,0.000015208607,0.000368837,0.00033856588,0.00026254694,0.00040314798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943936,0.000065069326,0.000085703614,0.0002760064,0.00007133016,0.00006254509],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035275932,0.00016491774,0.00021554077,0.00004816584,0.000075075695,0.000117517186,0.00021895254,0.000105971274,0.000476793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060785267,0.00014463735,0.000026518435,0.00031637534,0.00009970601,0.00008505213,0.000096267744,0.00014597065,0.0013057301],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007644035,0.0002702496,0.0010608004,0.000049023587,0.0000031766585,0.000022839224,0.00021859184,0.00060558436,0.5272437,0.4582504,0.011437192,0.00076202746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006486259,0.0004848269,0.014127529,0.00014647884,0.00012568741,0.000033327186,0.0008049166,0.008870754,0.6218616,0.11279118,0.23105967,0.0032078146],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008564853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000079103884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34545922,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041153307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034179895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99947184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075476804","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.000731","title":"Frequency-noise removal and on-line calibration for accurate frequency comb interference spectroscopy of acetylene","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Interference (communication); Calibration; Frequency comb; Spectroscopy; Materials science; Noise (video); Line (geometry); Acetylene; Physics; Telecommunications; Chemistry; Computer science; Laser","score_opus":0.01832289835154853,"score_gpt":0.26870195668787816,"score_spread":0.2503790583363296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075476804","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37864318,0.000015411499,0.61539,0.00017855669,0.00005699713,0.0003356069,0.00006493467,0.00007315635,0.0052421633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.82776284,0.000007857928,0.17198591,0.00003459295,0.00007523646,0.000040073468,0.000046504683,0.000019052504,0.00002793522],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991921,0.000008277123,0.00025938769,0.0002553604,0.00007907766,0.00020578939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992588,0.00013925215,0.00017668966,0.00033767638,0.00004917345,0.000038388254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007733321,0.00017103174,0.0002399919,0.00004656958,0.000061013234,0.000023078455,0.00018647702,0.0000677804,0.000011856648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002085247,0.00015914347,0.000034559613,0.00009379316,0.00012754458,0.0000897004,0.00006136244,0.0001539704,0.0000036914646],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028775961,0.000055367884,0.00043630227,0.000023978182,0.00002341154,1.709115e-7,0.00005525788,0.0004266472,0.19755687,0.796509,0.00003347011,0.0048507033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006485085,0.00024252429,0.00007169651,0.000025665846,0.000024459254,3.9319914e-7,0.00012842644,0.0070173787,0.59342307,0.3981826,0.000053364452,0.00018192004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009455412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025995178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44911966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014792338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021718397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6489682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076161723","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.005198","title":"Quadratic correlation filter design methodology for target detection and surveillance applications","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Metric (unit); Rayleigh quotient; Linear filter; Quadratic equation; Artificial intelligence; Quadratic programming; Performance metric; Filter (signal processing); Pattern recognition (psychology); Matched filter; Computer vision; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization","score_opus":0.05938999270772182,"score_gpt":0.27402411785487424,"score_spread":0.2146341251471524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076161723","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0061509674,0.00011745145,0.9916005,0.000025762532,0.00028643236,0.0009133475,0.000009437105,0.00043755994,0.00045850332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.22051239,0.000035890633,0.7785872,0.00003340727,0.000090326925,0.00068190665,0.000012349985,0.000032485223,0.000013987407],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992151,0.00006156053,0.00023808102,0.00020096044,0.00006801995,0.00021626693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986691,0.0009938815,0.00005312324,0.0001895548,0.000052469004,0.00004190477],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066209596,0.00015152301,0.00019808064,0.00009743276,0.00012933135,0.000027846092,0.00007302966,0.00017678518,0.0000056249505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015785126,0.00016458481,0.000030581992,0.00017233507,0.000052244668,0.000065236265,0.000014864312,0.00015024182,0.000016567343],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003628028,0.000008422758,0.000014780761,0.00007072865,0.000035763478,2.4406592e-7,0.0002423494,0.8422474,0.13702619,0.010034709,0.000019299057,0.010263789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013329173,0.0001493365,0.00069436495,0.0000058350056,0.00004546343,0.000030279649,0.00025991022,0.18271734,0.5402516,0.27163997,0.0022866803,0.00058632216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001128607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032582616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6595301,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007523252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014117924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67115736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076273084","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.002098","title":"Low-loss waveguides fabricated in BK7 glass by high repetition rate femtosecond fiber laser","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Femtosecond; Laser; Borosilicate glass; Refractive index; Optical fiber; Wavelength; Fiber laser; Waveguide; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.006647955214940383,"score_gpt":0.1878701068660393,"score_spread":0.18122215165109892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076273084","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860587,0.00002278904,0.0014542688,0.000054018426,0.000120153476,0.00022653815,0.000034776487,0.0010110459,0.01101769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911705,0.00010456132,0.0077966843,0.0000931229,0.00006775729,0.000076519085,0.00013977011,0.00007550199,0.00047554311],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989652,0.000013994991,0.00034809794,0.00024192235,0.00012158091,0.00030921373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952453,0.00003797468,0.000051402174,0.00028787166,0.000036423466,0.0000617836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013498536,0.00021541391,0.00023443667,0.00007627676,0.000059081744,0.000049809685,0.00017608906,0.00017179849,0.00014588633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015182907,0.00022675075,0.000023626202,0.00020890779,0.00006473864,0.00010749721,0.00004894589,0.00017603961,0.00019316743],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016410768,0.000375738,0.00020716911,0.0009026706,0.00012004095,0.00029003472,0.00075753056,0.020768244,0.88930213,0.004876508,0.07915792,0.0030779103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005426436,0.000017265787,0.00041593847,0.000045972036,0.000010624769,0.0000124566,0.00000987554,0.0024988193,0.9891763,0.0028859072,0.0039798473,0.0004043857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024792238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005901,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09987413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010355522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016179069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9246627},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076707974","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.000763","title":"Super deep 3D images from a 3D omnifocus video camera","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Depth of field; Stereoscopy; Computer science; Perspective (graphical); Depth perception; Computer graphics (images); Focus (optics); Stereo display; Stereo camera; Optics; Perception; Physics","score_opus":0.007861068251109571,"score_gpt":0.21344013657977856,"score_spread":0.20557906832866898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076707974","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1939909,0.003963227,0.73018247,0.00026982615,0.0008723758,0.0005099856,0.00006231942,0.006330116,0.06381878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.593307,0.00012418664,0.40620387,0.0000733238,0.000145679,0.000043313135,0.000012324124,0.000063537234,0.000026765687],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998712,0.000004617726,0.00023656862,0.00021485053,0.00017669603,0.00065524346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905205,0.00020248242,0.00002422289,0.00056655786,0.000027048844,0.00012761513],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006355703,0.00027579584,0.0002646276,0.000072163006,0.00005818163,0.0000495758,0.0003089005,0.00017179082,0.000083248204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000088208944,0.00027393532,0.00004223719,0.00018435656,0.00016375806,0.0002456467,0.00016241409,0.00041070892,0.00063233456],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059311893,0.00046885424,0.0042216023,0.00022761516,0.00070514955,0.00007539535,0.0026755957,0.103039816,0.32551798,0.10330073,0.0075629414,0.452145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036632593,0.00010555226,0.005834739,0.00012106786,0.000664668,0.000053400905,0.0032602767,0.2195605,0.6076004,0.059917744,0.093693405,0.005525002],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008599086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022226152,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44662002,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008345342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000054977204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999713},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076747180","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.002119","title":"Single-beam differential z-scan technique","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Detector; SIGNAL (programming language); Beam (structure); Materials science; Aperture (computer memory); Laser beam quality; Physics; Transmission (telecommunications); Nonlinear system; Laser; Telecommunications; Acoustics; Laser beams; Computer science","score_opus":0.010047525680731237,"score_gpt":0.20933454138479793,"score_spread":0.1992870157040667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076747180","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65713197,0.000046634468,0.20810334,0.00002284188,0.00070531707,0.00047188107,0.000013209923,0.0011539822,0.13235082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96096534,0.000016381693,0.038484234,0.000022985048,0.00038059222,0.000028442832,0.000008322048,0.000054854365,0.000038866292],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991388,0.0000020527118,0.00023568278,0.00013319956,0.00013126168,0.0003590043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996254,0.00005882238,0.000017982378,0.00019855879,0.000021761703,0.00007746977],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010409413,0.00017011684,0.00019111042,0.000054115986,0.000046320914,0.00003270928,0.00012235566,0.00010695861,0.000048917827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011362808,0.00016652797,0.00003194486,0.00010493002,0.00006226601,0.000021743668,0.00006856446,0.00013114764,0.000091289956],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012500952,0.00004640063,0.000012263857,0.000047035035,0.000031280724,0.000006026389,0.0000464757,0.00017693326,0.98606074,0.010866094,0.00014307635,0.0025512015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020696259,0.000030980456,0.00037089185,0.000010790111,0.000024367759,0.0000050703165,0.00004675383,0.00023729993,0.995285,0.0009890612,0.002517688,0.00027516717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000011957038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005445111,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30383337,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059594244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036971767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6790813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077165779","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.006938","title":"Optothermophysical properties of demineralized human dental enamel determined using photothermally generated diffuse photon density and thermal-wave fields","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Enamel paint; Materials science; Optics; Dental enamel; Robustness (evolution); Diffuse optical imaging; Diffuse reflection; Biological system; Tomography; Composite material; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.015403008410716519,"score_gpt":0.20889761376778618,"score_spread":0.19349460535706967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077165779","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99677116,0.000034581513,0.0017392552,0.0000013510098,0.00008992204,0.00037978994,0.000022529977,0.00028330233,0.00067810225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99295557,0.000014839061,0.0067860284,0.000039190367,0.00008600161,0.000033464898,0.000006580014,0.00006798131,0.000010328135],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908656,0.000015094522,0.00029710672,0.00020652854,0.00013372226,0.00026101785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994709,0.00002809916,0.000070787384,0.0003072904,0.000034697197,0.00008820903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000090105685,0.00026921678,0.00033326968,0.000078744844,0.000090332884,0.000036267884,0.00014077562,0.00024574721,0.00002744643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005119639,0.00024214255,0.000075143136,0.00010902742,0.00019908146,0.000055519944,0.00005251031,0.00033811494,3.765236e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006216649,0.00007320061,0.000109782006,0.00007399633,0.000065553446,0.0000060501507,0.00048899546,0.00017187369,0.9977879,0.0005220626,0.000004513216,0.00063391554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063982647,0.000040405142,0.0006936279,0.00002712681,0.00006648655,0.000015946573,0.000036125755,0.06354899,0.93437934,0.00025506385,0.000004712168,0.00029232126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005024227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024267023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.063408524,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012744984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001189004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98742867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077273854","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.002777","title":"Measurement of the azimuthal dependence of cross-polarized lidar returns and its relation to optical depth","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Azimuth; Scattering; Lidar; Physics; Forward scatter; Laser; Contrast (vision); Measure (data warehouse); Light scattering; Optical depth","score_opus":0.016085710498720887,"score_gpt":0.23883972488361802,"score_spread":0.22275401438489711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077273854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847451,0.000029273424,0.006001347,0.00010341865,0.000040175102,0.00028066538,0.0000016354446,0.0000082951865,0.008790103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98765236,0.0000074148593,0.012214799,0.00005845841,0.000011467462,0.0000071688814,2.5999944e-7,0.000008985846,0.000039054885],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887353,0.000008668333,0.00023511829,0.00018473064,0.00054190774,0.00015607054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957764,0.00001481364,0.000096611926,0.00020945628,0.000023249093,0.00007822305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025151795,0.00009493884,0.00012725541,0.0000010531568,0.000073324394,0.0000123602695,0.00019039673,0.00007944989,0.000031184936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006315551,0.00007006173,0.000032059157,0.00015990938,0.0001672506,0.000050086353,0.00021350906,0.00010842325,0.000019691013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009891541,0.0001616825,0.08609382,0.00003263948,0.000023756738,0.0000015205333,0.0013839809,0.019847644,0.86512494,0.025946261,0.0000060408215,0.0012788051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007927248,0.0001045126,0.79544365,0.000030050638,0.00003401078,0.0000044041317,0.00016118107,0.00035346413,0.20135099,0.0015287835,0.000037361035,0.00015884606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032828957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006624581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7093499,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009930289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025072251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28570345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077851229","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.0000b7","title":"Multiband sensor using thick holographic gratings for sulfur detection by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Photon Etc (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Spectroscopy; Optics; Materials science; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Holography; Laser; Optoelectronics; Photodiode; Physics","score_opus":0.01570452379713161,"score_gpt":0.23770142399514516,"score_spread":0.22199690019801355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077851229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9711949,0.00004073391,0.025614562,0.000019709683,0.0007516806,0.0006195858,0.00007041999,0.00048242937,0.0012059368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9751654,0.000028230457,0.023988642,0.00007762883,0.00047328044,0.00007484489,0.00005799636,0.0001111745,0.000022788892],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983052,0.000019332694,0.0003399996,0.00029410978,0.00019105387,0.0008502986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991652,0.00017585683,0.00008811648,0.0003163457,0.000043835058,0.0002106677],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002444906,0.00037753844,0.00033020668,0.00012843953,0.00026274478,0.00008093265,0.00014943111,0.0003635086,0.000016035707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027743674,0.0003883538,0.000110117515,0.00033248242,0.00004457398,0.00019448566,0.000024312107,0.00044570057,0.000039409737],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042436444,0.000059948765,0.00016135661,0.00006495915,0.00006329866,8.715894e-7,0.0002591797,0.0011155519,0.9972163,0.00023871863,0.00016770737,0.0006097069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007699746,0.00008350982,0.00009301998,0.000010925723,0.00009653291,0.000020241094,0.00018604459,0.031640604,0.9657581,0.00016213539,0.00072071265,0.00045818742],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025174344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024381046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031458154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011381761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014194332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998568},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078154756","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.001852","title":"Time-resolved 2D shrinkage field of dental resins using laser interferometry","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Dental materials and restorations","field":"Dentistry","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Stylus; Optics; Shrinkage; Materials science; Interferometry; Laser; Michelson interferometer; Profilometer; Image resolution; Data acquisition; Photodiode; Physics; Computer science; Acoustics; Composite material; Surface finish","score_opus":0.02927047700730099,"score_gpt":0.2900620376382975,"score_spread":0.2607915606309965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078154756","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97598827,0.00002533418,0.0011548791,0.000010453024,0.0006680722,0.00013886363,0.000037568498,0.00004220841,0.021934327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942654,0.0000029816094,0.004145444,0.0000656135,0.00015447292,0.000004283777,0.0000307546,0.000023667426,0.0013073956],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991437,0.000018325345,0.0002955352,0.00015385935,0.0002264694,0.00016210147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942285,0.00004616454,0.00010888686,0.00027378532,0.000050149974,0.000098183074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012613506,0.0001169463,0.00019735067,0.0000667897,0.000057416717,0.00007273382,0.00018154732,0.00012412114,0.00027737423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040967112,0.00011012695,0.00004917405,0.00014778019,0.00006988987,0.00006988145,0.00017010585,0.00009625961,0.00042418722],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004104978,0.0005986919,0.0013960665,0.00011292899,0.0001686496,0.00015135258,0.0005652759,0.0011100885,0.9724195,0.00453769,0.017867588,0.00066167605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002216976,0.00024913767,0.0011414724,0.00008770044,0.00012134604,0.000096683514,0.0022614775,0.002474445,0.98724794,0.0011607024,0.0024029522,0.00053915835],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006397999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036913138,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02062693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043057807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003359067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54522103},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078168350","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.006234","title":"Dynamic behavior of postfilamentation Raman pulses","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; Université Laval; Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Filamentation; Optics; Raman scattering; Collimated light; Pulse (music); Ionization; Raman spectroscopy; Materials science; Ultrashort pulse; Femtosecond pulse shaping; Physics; Laser","score_opus":0.015973037404689094,"score_gpt":0.2651186867093432,"score_spread":0.2491456493046541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078168350","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92191213,0.0000016468207,0.012687928,0.000025161837,0.000058530524,0.0002577294,0.00006188127,0.000021463988,0.06497351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900327,8.444085e-7,0.009429451,0.000024961953,0.000019905512,0.00014743378,0.000096431904,0.000011687957,0.00023660583],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995562,0.0000033606254,0.0001699699,0.00010612948,0.000058955364,0.000105401254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964255,0.000013600696,0.000092821996,0.00018487114,0.00003682674,0.000029314166],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002471681,0.000072953684,0.00008152514,0.000031480406,0.000056587003,0.000012963305,0.00009217197,0.000016887698,0.00088302],"category_scores_gemma":[2.687835e-7,0.000071171446,0.000038645197,0.000074931435,0.000032997046,0.000051977906,0.000027605774,0.000057185098,0.00011608313],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030351406,0.002218055,0.01479709,0.000022614497,0.00014593486,7.9869176e-7,0.001643375,0.00006121095,0.18750851,0.7361221,0.0006638601,0.056786098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023465494,0.0002469964,0.1458124,0.00005105999,0.00086460274,0.000005508437,0.010808271,0.0021913818,0.7767514,0.05574369,0.0039524427,0.001225685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008230862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031457134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68037844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008795167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010910461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.966845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078326619","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.007132","title":"Toward instrument-independent quantitative measurement of fluorescence intensity in fiber-optic spectrometer systems","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Coastal Health","funders":"","keywords":"Fluorescence; Optics; Calibration; Spectrometer; Optical fiber; Materials science; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Intensity (physics); Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy; Laser-induced fluorescence; Imaging phantom; Light intensity; Physics","score_opus":0.0479256263180387,"score_gpt":0.30153771244627875,"score_spread":0.25361208612824004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078326619","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95034504,0.00014313626,0.020578872,0.00020701361,0.00017403335,0.0010440878,0.0000034298528,0.00014916967,0.02735524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8575883,0.000029062676,0.14223114,0.0000371633,0.000024582778,0.000014484728,0.000004029895,0.000020756026,0.000050488026],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997902,0.000012688897,0.0005983024,0.00031897958,0.00073132786,0.00043671424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905556,0.00006305705,0.00013488015,0.0003392679,0.0002611482,0.0001460691],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001083695,0.00020403056,0.00054686307,0.0002505348,0.00002412348,0.000021396569,0.00012895973,0.000112154325,0.000016996966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000100611454,0.00018091766,0.000071775874,0.0002489939,0.00015682942,0.00004479988,0.00006990575,0.00039174894,0.00003127549],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002233554,0.0021392321,0.018313404,0.0014866297,0.00040716512,0.00031692584,0.0026611635,0.00004471133,0.756644,0.21121152,0.00025645865,0.004285249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053094313,0.0032448673,0.05642001,0.0017239753,0.00047047174,0.0002685806,0.0051373374,0.0062538953,0.91689473,0.0029248765,0.00027562774,0.0010761733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015799337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012445041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20828664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040318162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007602558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7377608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078685581","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.005967","title":"Image enhancement for multilayer information retrieval by using full-field optical coherence tomography","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optical coherence tomography; Optics; Tomography; Image quality; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Computer science; Optical tomography; Interference (communication); Tomographic reconstruction; Computer vision; Physics; Image (mathematics); Telecommunications","score_opus":0.008327975261938243,"score_gpt":0.23085474231499725,"score_spread":0.22252676705305902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078685581","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1312282,0.000057935034,0.8406426,0.00006293029,0.00013542695,0.0012682609,0.0000728405,0.0003687058,0.026163135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7793334,0.000009871641,0.22013345,0.00007364242,0.000082560095,0.00021250862,0.000114843475,0.000029671997,0.000010014489],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859583,0.000004008925,0.00047793708,0.00020167309,0.0002661312,0.00045441603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991754,0.00017251656,0.00006510147,0.0003252383,0.0001529819,0.000108710585],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013021161,0.00024503688,0.00020659163,0.00012239338,0.00012169278,0.00013511063,0.000222119,0.00018534956,0.000055523637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024954054,0.0002700719,0.00009902572,0.00048624468,0.00008745653,0.0002811297,0.000035332097,0.00020920527,0.000054634806],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013026358,0.00018616489,0.000040858868,0.0002054016,0.000077128854,4.801545e-7,0.00007194117,0.006106599,0.93400025,0.045269147,0.0075229793,0.0063887667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015120431,0.00020824712,0.00015953205,0.00002509269,0.00015954959,0.0000031112734,0.0001485804,0.34475884,0.6404411,0.0036287836,0.007961587,0.0009934981],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000606737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024291098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64810526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005819586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018040055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078809220","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004458","title":"Photonic analog-to-digital converter using Mach-Zehnder modulators having identical half-wave voltages with improved bit resolution","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Comparator; Quantization (signal processing); Photonics; Mach–Zehnder interferometer; Voltage; Optics; Physics; Computer science; Analog-to-digital converter; 4-bit; Electronic engineering; Interferometry; Algorithm; Optoelectronics; Engineering","score_opus":0.011488757951235497,"score_gpt":0.20296283828506467,"score_spread":0.19147408033382918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078809220","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8068035,0.00006941435,0.18910412,0.00008404837,0.000112991715,0.0004571038,0.000007482528,0.0011466539,0.0022146692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93020993,0.000010992804,0.0694897,0.00010412776,0.00007433367,0.000012899641,0.000011107587,0.00006385036,0.000023062938],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983124,0.000004361759,0.00035629142,0.00038263862,0.00026024567,0.0006840659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992296,0.00004953161,0.000042721713,0.000468658,0.00005228789,0.00015716204],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009067149,0.00033685082,0.00033111696,0.00017957573,0.00008702902,0.00020979304,0.00021228178,0.00027012115,0.000009628765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028897917,0.0003175708,0.000058788813,0.00047261393,0.00012414315,0.00020465086,0.00009231819,0.00040590722,0.000041519317],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030249526,0.0003680891,0.0013395975,0.00022400611,0.00069597067,0.0002442637,0.00059541373,0.5283218,0.3131762,0.1034438,0.0008835061,0.050404835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044143054,0.00012972171,0.0010081693,0.00004184518,0.000071348695,0.00002655353,0.0001351317,0.9875034,0.008000154,0.0020343487,0.00009581155,0.0005120603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000052026053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005763862,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4591816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021101833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020469866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078819086","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.009230","title":"Pulsed quantum cascade laser-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy for ammonia detection in breath","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Breath gas analysis; Quantum cascade laser; Spectrum analyzer; Spectroscopy; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy; Parts-per notation; Materials science; Optics; Laser; Cascade; Chemistry; Physics; Chromatography","score_opus":0.007873235508597452,"score_gpt":0.24528611427461292,"score_spread":0.23741287876601547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078819086","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9493294,0.000024284192,0.03401706,0.00013872844,0.000060004306,0.00048580754,0.000108542845,0.00025293106,0.015583263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923632,0.0000053587137,0.006093441,0.000075989265,0.00029181477,0.00069197867,0.00019774727,0.00005929898,0.00022113638],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983743,0.0000073417154,0.00038986665,0.0004987064,0.00019349373,0.0005363101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990539,0.00016569934,0.00013655655,0.0005166875,0.00004053231,0.00008665364],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013909781,0.000277859,0.0002798548,0.00009369005,0.00020577219,0.000066144945,0.00022612349,0.0002442105,0.00007388742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015821395,0.00031010166,0.00010074154,0.00029317653,0.00007517961,0.000048190443,0.00002584373,0.00032799208,0.00003803166],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023775127,0.00042285502,0.00062577694,0.000096953365,0.000014754569,0.0000042779097,0.00002984666,0.0039137993,0.9843345,0.00977523,0.00015637364,0.00038785837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017569745,0.000034570392,0.0011674226,0.000013067933,0.000052821604,0.0000033435092,0.00005492827,0.04238859,0.9477674,0.004649432,0.0017861475,0.00032529834],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00066872773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020393557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043033857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030996406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008052513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999351},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079224131","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.002468","title":"Versatile, compact, TEM_00-mode resonator for side-pumped single-rod solid-state lasers","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Resonator; Optics; Laser; Materials science; Curved mirror; Optoelectronics; Lens (geology); Optical cavity; Solid-state laser; Semiconductor laser theory; Diode; Output coupler; Physics","score_opus":0.020224261120972222,"score_gpt":0.25036818202511685,"score_spread":0.23014392090414462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079224131","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9428064,0.00014230392,0.026065601,0.00037402363,0.0005061079,0.0012529142,0.00021162324,0.0041533215,0.024487704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854866,0.00012062556,0.01372219,0.000107763306,0.00007802125,0.00009072988,0.000062383864,0.00013623564,0.00019541799],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99834824,0.000006581866,0.0003876876,0.00031877446,0.00022293351,0.0007158083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890554,0.00027490966,0.000066669396,0.0005693253,0.000059165563,0.00012441515],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010027955,0.0003481866,0.0003901853,0.00016415273,0.00010498408,0.00008078239,0.00038287655,0.0001881324,0.000012779172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006622336,0.00037736882,0.00009006842,0.00032614748,0.00010904363,0.0001047762,0.00005668229,0.0002552995,0.0000984009],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056948804,0.0003848826,0.0007565485,0.0005504479,0.0007819094,0.00015565655,0.002422596,0.6766452,0.2258264,0.015558852,0.0481723,0.028175673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053230035,0.00035456018,0.0004540386,0.0000806224,0.000188111,0.000033461205,0.0026673153,0.3728206,0.5334113,0.024451667,0.058232274,0.0019830416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010202773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004615964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3075849,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019906102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023998144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998678},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080546007","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.003429","title":"Directly photoinscribed refractive index change and Bragg gratings in Ohara WMS-15 glass ceramic","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Optics; Grating; Ceramic; Absorption (acoustics); Fluence; Annealing (glass); Fiber Bragg grating; Optoelectronics; Laser; Wavelength; Composite material","score_opus":0.017931169819977305,"score_gpt":0.2563136709373543,"score_spread":0.238382501117377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080546007","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97469723,0.00005969172,0.00035587218,0.00018537066,0.00006917089,0.00052549934,0.00005182592,0.000042044332,0.024013318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99685895,0.000041337287,0.0019078766,0.00055988395,0.00035636022,0.00006510973,0.00007166355,0.000029493682,0.000109312896],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873954,0.000023194361,0.00027670825,0.00038277195,0.00017945863,0.0003983462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993326,0.00008780116,0.00015748147,0.00025154647,0.000054584263,0.00011599378],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013363032,0.0002766465,0.0003358927,0.00010687974,0.00010188534,0.00007775875,0.00014323714,0.00010213607,0.000030745992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007816404,0.0002765857,0.00005179213,0.00027345654,0.000052790267,0.00021941774,0.000057957903,0.00045407665,0.000027648262],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001283803,0.0038895863,0.06391949,0.000085007625,0.00045451967,0.00008592936,0.012867345,0.000043735152,0.4578495,0.099164285,0.0009436274,0.35941318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01649062,0.001420245,0.3336275,0.00039358542,0.0003762666,0.0000189676,0.009556681,0.04188446,0.4602221,0.09974533,0.031058336,0.005205935],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001950223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021009108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35420725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052387222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004288195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996865},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080838983","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.005484","title":"Two-wavelength ytterbium-doped fiber laser with sustained relaxation oscillation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Fiber laser; Wavelength; Ytterbium; Laser; Cladding (metalworking); Oscillation (cell signaling); Doping; Optoelectronics; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.005862096642395929,"score_gpt":0.19164607214278548,"score_spread":0.18578397550038955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080838983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8490151,0.00002367316,0.0056127235,0.00014537036,0.000097012206,0.0004636607,0.000009360698,0.0005747039,0.14405838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988017,0.000024024623,0.011020682,0.00012006036,0.0001147945,0.0000130393855,0.000059117716,0.000038021586,0.00059321016],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908185,0.0000048043917,0.00021862543,0.00018637553,0.00020297446,0.00030534473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995045,0.000031478365,0.00004735736,0.00027014397,0.00006160771,0.00008493179],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008283104,0.00020228047,0.00016852394,0.00006738599,0.00006811093,0.000058223515,0.00009415963,0.000089705136,0.000041003328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000064444935,0.00018213263,0.000029358682,0.00024868114,0.000025979816,0.00011578399,0.0000148185445,0.00019082113,0.00008259254],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00087280106,0.00038251266,0.00022207625,0.00031965564,0.0003643344,0.00011533674,0.0038496917,0.7417541,0.052417334,0.10044388,0.004157345,0.09510094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012320373,0.0013866727,0.009138407,0.0001581654,0.00049909565,0.00012717325,0.0021250336,0.848505,0.060081434,0.017456872,0.044073235,0.0041285465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001034483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004580294,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14346516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010016638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002114933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74271536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081367793","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.004535","title":"Model of phytoplankton absorption based on three size classes","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Absorption (acoustics); Chlorophyll a; Population; Environmental science; Chlorophyll; Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Biology; Oceanography; Ecology; Optics; Botany; Geology; Nutrient","score_opus":0.03344296886828438,"score_gpt":0.1901665591926603,"score_spread":0.1567235903243759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081367793","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4945198,0.000007021698,0.0025275876,0.000011461578,0.00008239871,0.00014122718,0.000048502643,0.00003182179,0.5026302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99477977,0.000006581923,0.0048893844,0.00012861179,0.00003728499,0.000001966763,0.000031260483,0.0000035441951,0.00012159289],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993602,0.000006269232,0.00016745838,0.00014305762,0.00017433718,0.00014866293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999565,0.000080773934,0.00007988933,0.00019924986,0.000021630984,0.00005346965],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000103292376,0.000096655545,0.0001341708,0.00003384478,0.000035265923,0.000009855102,0.00012837883,0.0000597025,0.0006368817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000074721256,0.00008020783,0.00003462412,0.00008153977,0.000028935627,0.00003873511,0.0000073264864,0.00007444384,0.0001180417],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001774663,0.0005795625,0.35817057,0.00061118026,0.00010592312,0.000018193747,0.0007037943,0.39438358,0.004161793,0.06728263,0.0013382637,0.17086986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034536285,0.00020365191,0.03732668,0.000013539788,0.000018802188,7.330658e-7,0.00005244252,0.9523726,0.0021754084,0.0071513425,0.00016546572,0.00017395125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031256033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016645606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55798906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000016788805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033504904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6973408},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082563067","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.00c408","title":"2010 topical meeting on optical interference coatings: manufacturing problem","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Filter (signal processing); Wavelength; Interference (communication); Optical filter; Computer science; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.02405486213977335,"score_gpt":0.2344951598844199,"score_spread":0.21044029774464657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2082563067","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39802492,0.0000016690507,0.013988491,0.000058082795,0.0000481807,0.000241222,0.0000064621017,0.00005192938,0.5875791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764014,0.0000010048228,0.023020897,0.00006381088,0.00013262969,0.00010418291,0.000012245519,0.000016590544,0.00024724126],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915767,0.000005007215,0.00022070203,0.00025257232,0.00010107324,0.00026295558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949783,0.000056450495,0.00007291847,0.00026072862,0.000017912967,0.00009414806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007508803,0.00014401505,0.0001417085,0.000021586633,0.00011311925,0.00003841414,0.00020484341,0.000044208155,0.0002628319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000018313575,0.00013024223,0.000048221787,0.00004216169,0.000056029465,0.000030028836,0.000102125385,0.00024976154,0.00012496991],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002033246,0.00027131033,0.00032985586,0.000012417189,0.000027204853,9.566139e-7,0.0006567074,0.00004972767,0.013682406,0.9644107,0.00023408495,0.020304289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007969707,0.00015233169,0.0021944789,0.00008867886,0.00006416315,0.00000208567,0.0015548591,0.00077296904,0.8900595,0.099718556,0.0039062144,0.00068921706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003150336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022561082,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87637705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014136607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018790319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5311124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083002828","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.001617","title":"Measurement of two-dimensional Doppler wind fields using a field widened Michelson interferometer","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"COM DEV International; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Optics; Doppler effect; Interferometry; Michelson interferometer; Field (mathematics); Physics; Remote sensing; Geology","score_opus":0.013180246157146074,"score_gpt":0.22661082873551455,"score_spread":0.21343058257836847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083002828","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9592941,0.00002178421,0.024246223,0.00009037664,0.00017478787,0.00029529617,0.0000036459776,0.000014621345,0.015859185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814066,3.38931e-7,0.018023113,0.00020952943,0.00014521307,0.00001378907,0.000008621699,0.00001873845,0.0001740385],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990655,0.000010913653,0.00028496265,0.00018474604,0.0002260348,0.0002278069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993987,0.00003908069,0.000112192756,0.00024096719,0.00014593593,0.00006311988],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008602615,0.0001615178,0.00021039456,0.000020867414,0.000047251775,0.000031485404,0.00013776666,0.00006325077,0.0016749618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029106045,0.0001502958,0.00008196181,0.00008345965,0.000028778963,0.00007362603,0.00009278003,0.00015079732,0.00005397689],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026597508,0.001532057,0.014190037,0.00021193811,0.0014874686,0.000004441845,0.001462684,0.080202445,0.6717688,0.11173668,0.016440837,0.10069665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010715244,0.0012971994,0.0034684418,0.0004622452,0.0008965184,0.000012927403,0.0019044629,0.2661689,0.5976633,0.11265118,0.001373295,0.0033863243],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004796742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000126361765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18596646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002159129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004860177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99923766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083045749","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.005301","title":"Electrically tunable liquid-crystal wave plate using quadripolar electrode configuration and transparent conductive polymer layers","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Microsemi (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Liquid crystal; Materials science; Electrode; Waveplate; Electric field; Polarization (electrochemistry); Optics; Electrical conductor; Optoelectronics; Retarder; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.037304025878011536,"score_gpt":0.2893212283500077,"score_spread":0.25201720247199616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083045749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9646296,0.00031664947,0.031850044,0.00016903353,0.000062540705,0.00057442155,0.000022093032,0.00008091631,0.0022947188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918239,0.00007530443,0.0075805592,0.0002657475,0.000059897324,0.00001901217,0.00002298731,0.000025271962,0.00012732638],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99778414,0.000050906558,0.0003544862,0.00048183932,0.000549373,0.00077923585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922425,0.00006615338,0.00012314404,0.0002434101,0.00011060107,0.00023241734],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030058768,0.00024553653,0.00028399046,0.00010175929,0.0002358229,0.00014669707,0.00016777654,0.00010192306,0.000106603184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041483832,0.00023740772,0.000034774195,0.00023714201,0.0001301592,0.00035954698,0.0000340473,0.00022481618,0.000020919606],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00062314793,0.00008076606,0.0000015188855,0.000012434957,0.000016768381,0.000012230665,0.00027516694,0.00048562657,0.9871849,0.01094355,0.000015453386,0.0003484337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007761215,0.0007460636,0.000027714337,0.000011768791,0.00003171901,0.000016666627,0.00014351385,0.0027583297,0.99350405,0.0015454305,0.00015824426,0.00028037804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029527197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000052680134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027194312,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020392644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017355206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9681206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083112975","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.000231","title":"Wiener-like correlation filters","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Sudbury","funders":"","keywords":"Wiener filter; Wiener deconvolution; Correlation; Optics; Filter (signal processing); Noise (video); Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Deconvolution; Blind deconvolution","score_opus":0.0055144097219565515,"score_gpt":0.1892525672340635,"score_spread":0.18373815751210695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083112975","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27466598,0.00020942689,0.3524204,0.0002373714,0.00053339015,0.00037013285,0.000009169427,0.0073347907,0.36421934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8638418,0.00012383661,0.13547462,0.00008370814,0.00003173771,0.000020498608,0.000010982615,0.000036306137,0.0003765329],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994353,0.0000013801102,0.00012706949,0.00012377877,0.00009128708,0.00022118367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996484,0.000036849637,0.000009257819,0.00026043938,0.000008801709,0.000036234436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024281728,0.000117632226,0.000097882155,0.00003797107,0.000035272264,0.000020704543,0.00014097351,0.00008371925,0.00010364993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000079673555,0.00012437225,0.000019900643,0.00015593365,0.00007974947,0.000081679216,0.000018902321,0.00017757794,0.0004820234],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006159928,0.000014419774,0.000032654898,0.000015025796,0.000018081295,0.0000051429033,0.000072666575,0.7964892,0.0033590393,0.031437658,0.0018289608,0.16672099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070117903,0.00003533299,0.0005081993,0.000022545306,0.00005029893,0.000013867176,0.00015042744,0.8903297,0.013882282,0.035156205,0.05833522,0.00081473513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.7180064e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.420743e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5891758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003914533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000026833156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61955965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084471488","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.002730","title":"018-μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor push-pull vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser driver operating at 25 Gb/s with symmetric rising and falling edges","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; Optics; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Laser; Semiconductor laser theory; Semiconductor; Falling (accident); Power (physics); Physics","score_opus":0.01647106981886303,"score_gpt":0.2157710204987238,"score_spread":0.19929995067986075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084471488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952352,0.00058984966,0.0009216368,0.00006205631,0.00018266018,0.00038122584,0.000026710555,0.00030139062,0.0022992697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9545439,0.00013991226,0.04474885,0.00024803038,0.0001235343,0.000012584664,0.000051014085,0.0001077926,0.000024397517],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997789,0.000020993893,0.0005255107,0.0005540356,0.00036992985,0.00074051175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989099,0.0002978117,0.000061000104,0.00035382883,0.00007365431,0.00030379428],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026076156,0.0004827523,0.00054275716,0.000097557604,0.0003467352,0.0001913412,0.00022562145,0.00016549249,0.00004745074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041453113,0.0004325069,0.000069362985,0.00046185727,0.00016350513,0.00030164394,0.00021418296,0.00047430026,0.00004381354],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038524762,0.00012618993,0.011929685,0.00044377326,0.00059483154,0.00007971446,0.0010966752,0.18090749,0.7977439,0.0058914158,0.000116741045,0.0010310275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004267483,0.00015218809,0.005673283,0.00035957285,0.00069819606,0.00007262489,0.001932933,0.05246925,0.93085074,0.000526771,0.0009943757,0.0020025698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000093815645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006702874,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13310683,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028190404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028489794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085067068","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.008052","title":"Hydrodynamics of rotating liquid mirrors I Synchronous disturbances","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Rotation (mathematics); Tilt (camera); Physics; Telescope; Optical axis; Deformation (meteorology); Distortion (music); Optical telescope; Lens (geology); Geometry","score_opus":0.004305928212673146,"score_gpt":0.2077763180112239,"score_spread":0.20347038979855075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085067068","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9123374,0.000023263861,0.01983733,0.000022190015,0.000091966445,0.00014739162,0.00004138857,0.00003369385,0.067465335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840186,0.0000015492764,0.015569099,0.0000064957767,0.00009293268,0.000018608305,0.00011019554,0.000026021651,0.00015645493],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991181,0.000007807594,0.00027730627,0.00019245718,0.00015012236,0.00025423747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994537,0.000078775476,0.00016839834,0.0002227655,0.000036851518,0.000039473514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000071195966,0.00016364224,0.00022848837,0.000035447476,0.00008817665,0.000024816707,0.00015894951,0.000047231617,0.00002914312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000017778762,0.00016359659,0.00008299993,0.00014115413,0.0000800959,0.000044737557,0.000047450118,0.00013721538,0.000018467903],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008515005,0.00045400864,0.055833396,0.000065907516,0.00013660741,0.0000026901141,0.00047702334,0.051156774,0.008905516,0.87681717,0.00014272315,0.0059230532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00326626,0.00044993917,0.014742406,0.00011172499,0.00039062102,0.0000066983307,0.0037117125,0.9115388,0.020248987,0.04189609,0.0014915203,0.0021452776],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023697267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034389057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86038196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015980584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033763354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6671275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085235413","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.006284","title":"Measurement of pressure and temperature sensitivities of a Bragg grating imprinted in a highly birefringent side-hole fiber","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; Birefringence; Grating; Polarization (electrochemistry); Interferometry; Hydrostatic pressure; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; PHOSFOS; Wavelength; Optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.008407386426126574,"score_gpt":0.19327104048087546,"score_spread":0.1848636540547489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085235413","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940277,0.00078314013,0.00045966095,0.000007903795,0.000057007543,0.00029463743,0.000012537826,0.00006637386,0.0042910543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829031,0.00004169619,0.01694727,0.0000074525833,0.000011591267,0.000013697462,0.0000013516263,0.000039402883,0.000034444558],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901,0.00001680903,0.0003491711,0.00016864348,0.00024005053,0.00021527114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953026,0.000058518788,0.000066759654,0.00021943895,0.00007915073,0.000045872413],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018990539,0.00018117855,0.00030609846,0.00009402956,0.00001810193,0.000009372949,0.00004993517,0.000109714914,0.000003774327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005581716,0.00018602735,0.000028745017,0.00018078442,0.00005720267,0.000041020317,0.000025502784,0.00019545082,9.833241e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001524322,0.000037714985,0.00012716641,0.00041637832,0.00010936933,0.0000057395587,0.001276589,0.17321786,0.8193646,0.004650762,0.000010365927,0.00076819264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000895088,0.000039766037,0.0013324189,0.0002136184,0.000070189715,0.000008866043,0.0011547231,0.009773,0.9855268,0.00029815553,0.00036542738,0.0003219515],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000058636724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016738926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16616218,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003295049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017974615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7585975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085296895","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007089","title":"Impact of LOCOS techniques on photonic wire waveguides","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Bend radius; Materials science; LOCOS; Silicon nitride; Optics; Fabrication; Stack (abstract data type); Photonics; Optoelectronics; Masking (illustration); Silicon; Bending; Waveguide; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.011558493406641017,"score_gpt":0.2525114909403027,"score_spread":0.24095299753366164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085296895","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72192,0.00019170834,0.00066899287,0.0000036326364,0.000068856716,0.00023943641,0.0000114697905,0.00029247813,0.27660343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941174,0.00014560671,0.0055359346,0.000030441723,0.00007200777,0.00003266306,0.00000588535,0.00003536349,0.000024735224],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992423,0.0000035000473,0.00019622002,0.000086329084,0.00013708211,0.0003345824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949735,0.00007684741,0.000029290186,0.00026474483,0.000018691657,0.00011306481],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000103048566,0.00016153896,0.00020554931,0.000052848674,0.000021004646,0.00000981071,0.0001349597,0.00010879295,0.000071922776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010626211,0.00013170305,0.000083409555,0.00011882176,0.000049104274,0.000061064435,0.000026560037,0.00015050672,0.00008140041],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001573978,0.0009660972,0.0029520472,0.0007147282,0.00088261924,0.000007913614,0.0014514499,0.0115959775,0.4909808,0.40669355,0.0035571088,0.0800403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039056147,0.00024797436,0.007952249,0.0000832737,0.000078704645,0.00000787945,0.00008679569,0.023733336,0.9608771,0.0012920635,0.00462809,0.00062193355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000060417633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.614027e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46989632,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007750206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013962246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53706944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085600957","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007443","title":"Simulation model based approach for long exposure atmospheric point spread function reconstruction for laser guide star multiconjugate adaptive optics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Research Council Canada; University of California; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Optics; Point spread function; Guide star; Physics; Adaptive optics; Photometry (optics); Flicker; Fourier optics; Field of view; Tilt (camera); Laser guide star; Laser; Fourier transform; Computer science; Astrophysics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.023983295142053804,"score_gpt":0.24345790374409854,"score_spread":0.21947460860204474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085600957","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.065466635,0.000011206594,0.9290058,0.000015892485,0.00027517215,0.0016022304,0.00009505958,0.00005089775,0.0034770935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5518807,2.9893758e-7,0.44716743,0.00003799859,0.0004317617,0.00008520524,0.00015120354,0.000052673935,0.00019271446],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984071,0.000018696484,0.00045439965,0.0003952108,0.00018237866,0.00054221397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869525,0.00018517236,0.00032374813,0.00033677253,0.00030340068,0.00015563317],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023357154,0.00033867374,0.00032589305,0.000024243425,0.00030187008,0.000056091056,0.00009435351,0.00015222724,0.0000089292125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019253986,0.0003504418,0.00021443998,0.000111751266,0.00006311785,0.00027879488,0.000045951656,0.00015939568,0.000003976273],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028624095,0.00018146889,0.0010094683,0.000035812838,0.00010806411,2.8355238e-8,0.0001055145,0.95436335,0.00091811566,0.03094115,0.000033681405,0.012017124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019069606,0.000099603996,0.0001912177,0.00002069848,0.00026490696,2.3344259e-7,0.00049387256,0.9893585,0.003625197,0.0035058388,0.00011518686,0.00041777018],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000082956985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014803095,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48641407,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118657495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006923907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085871034","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.005749","title":"Ion-beam etching for the precise manufacture of optical coatings: erratum","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Etching (microfabrication); Materials science; Beam (structure); Ion; Optoelectronics; Optics; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Physics; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.014237950524457242,"score_gpt":0.25139189824537905,"score_spread":0.2371539477209218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085871034","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017968925,0.0027854063,0.045486365,0.0029474967,0.08050788,0.010628565,0.0012779515,0.0006544103,0.837743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.14747775,0.00097129605,0.43326342,0.0060304916,0.014291496,0.0027504275,0.0015662264,0.0013747232,0.3922742],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99659246,0.00003423271,0.001008536,0.00076864945,0.0008009693,0.0007951655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965553,0.0012505435,0.0008137883,0.00090116984,0.00030319425,0.00017595594],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011327175,0.00062346575,0.00092295307,0.00007399552,0.00046941763,0.0003232545,0.0010164779,0.0009299696,0.00016172309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00088999973,0.00042611087,0.00028810228,0.00019733644,0.00040855623,0.00008113752,0.00026923115,0.0013227703,0.000064081316],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082111175,0.00013960699,0.000001189878,0.00071366254,0.00004949806,0.000002424502,0.00059443,0.0004529038,0.077871926,0.059587505,0.85949844,0.0010063136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019216029,0.00076662574,0.000031599466,0.00088466663,0.0013569476,0.000027608265,0.0019337193,0.0028033708,0.35269344,0.035792723,0.5992437,0.0025440173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001169663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011366073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4454688,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006516801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000286619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086144317","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001469","title":"Multidielectric quarter-wave coatings on microspheres: a study in colorimetric space","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Mie scattering; Microsphere; Quarter (Canadian coin); SPHERES; Colorimetry; Light scattering; Physics; Scattering; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.015169617755688914,"score_gpt":0.2102931228034868,"score_spread":0.19512350504779788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086144317","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9726038,0.000105673906,0.001272846,0.000010550493,0.00014961482,0.0006780364,0.0000021072713,0.0001759612,0.02500143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953143,0.00000904186,0.0044262083,0.000018237599,0.00005697749,0.0000766207,0.0000032635437,0.000046945235,0.00004839329],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987032,0.000014652478,0.00031285427,0.00025350763,0.0002880699,0.00042771446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994868,0.00015917336,0.000034814886,0.00023225578,0.000030615218,0.00005631457],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018040613,0.00023064516,0.0002736544,0.00014174664,0.000048621576,0.000049912967,0.00010935348,0.000099999575,0.00001347163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026874553,0.00023358168,0.000033687644,0.00096850895,0.000016609743,0.000032668075,0.000018716368,0.0002652853,0.00010500607],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051434856,0.009470109,0.11433652,0.00041706904,0.00032071653,0.00033527284,0.003483345,0.6167017,0.20029633,0.031118687,0.004296339,0.01870956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.028242407,0.0037160309,0.45455453,0.00024527306,0.00035457133,0.00001181161,0.00978117,0.2586569,0.23301366,0.002986168,0.003230366,0.0052071293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009588117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013104806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35804483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016751961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011997317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95251846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087441980","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.001331","title":"Refractometric sensitivity and thermal stabilization of fluorescent core microcapillary sensors: theory and experiment","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","keywords":"Optics; Fluorescence; Thermal; Whispering-gallery wave; Thermal fluctuations; Materials science; Analyte; Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Physics; Chemistry; Resonator","score_opus":0.017779081093230793,"score_gpt":0.23256320078932818,"score_spread":0.2147841196960974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2087441980","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993884,0.0013581311,0.001124476,0.0000046547375,0.000043642045,0.0001463869,0.0000062215413,0.000053726602,0.0033787636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99654937,0.00032747016,0.0030482023,0.00002131027,0.00002192066,0.000004000472,0.0000064169994,0.000017578572,0.0000037289653],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994681,0.000018513796,0.00014270772,0.00011715889,0.00012070619,0.00013285213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999552,0.00015882008,0.0000265061,0.00012315631,0.000037183236,0.000102304315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029958782,0.000109370965,0.00015836272,0.000060278904,0.000018472183,0.000013806718,0.000027328853,0.00007124422,0.0000030280278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003288418,0.00009761522,0.000011301875,0.00013292977,0.00008351673,0.000040077066,0.000046610643,0.00007705323,0.0000026426635],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018069212,0.00011001254,0.0008820774,0.00031348842,0.000102224854,0.000013483014,0.0036842932,0.005173921,0.89366555,0.08843935,0.00005336417,0.007381518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001525352,0.00014126081,0.008842185,0.000049950202,0.00009427711,0.000023090404,0.0034604908,0.1321239,0.8510178,0.0017009213,0.00047699807,0.00054381764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000022508632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.225111e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12694998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028095677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001039235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3980633},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087467355","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001425","title":"Optical characterizations of ZnO, SnO_2, and TiO_2 thin films for butane detection","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cybernet Systems Corporation (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Butane; Materials science; Thin film; Optics; Atomic force microscopy; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Catalysis; Chemistry","score_opus":0.004662480567057477,"score_gpt":0.16813374428605282,"score_spread":0.16347126371899534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2087467355","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9754802,0.000011432708,0.022385404,0.000015771917,0.0001792392,0.00018751307,0.000027281541,0.00011073018,0.0016024447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97907585,0.000014615118,0.020706085,0.000008410578,0.000085225445,0.00000870304,0.00003666215,0.000025319527,0.000039149305],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953276,0.000002279051,0.00019259873,0.00008889523,0.00005458324,0.00012886093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997847,0.000043569427,0.00002789845,0.00009035719,0.000027979046,0.000025471445],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004506066,0.00008835408,0.00014051513,0.00003809927,0.000041122705,0.00002534806,0.000027318958,0.000082050145,0.000004471587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008239365,0.00009041127,0.000020129812,0.000057668127,0.000030844552,0.000025025474,0.000008256011,0.000034405864,0.0000032397525],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009319065,0.000013223048,0.000008912686,0.000051550476,0.000009476758,4.6373046e-7,0.000035867437,0.011128718,0.9791263,0.0090050455,0.000032384836,0.0005787458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041401258,0.00003841212,0.0032663331,0.00001084629,0.000045839686,0.000012292996,0.000040364157,0.13069199,0.8639,0.0008858155,0.0005117774,0.00018228534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000041525905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043827217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.119563274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008502859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000034311886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36868647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088079913","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.005682","title":"Fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer as a high-precision temperature sensor: effects of temperature fluctuations on surface biosensing","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Interferometry; Mach–Zehnder interferometer; Optics; Fiber optic sensor; Optical fiber; Biosensor; Temperature measurement; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Physics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.003733435445318598,"score_gpt":0.20623998466773935,"score_spread":0.20250654922242076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2088079913","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893826,0.00007358486,0.000044797544,0.00008199281,0.0008262011,0.0004207411,0.000018595123,0.00022109895,0.008930347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777934,0.00003718986,0.021552056,0.00014259334,0.00012083835,0.000009403436,0.000033368036,0.00007731937,0.00023384175],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986446,0.000018711942,0.00033476565,0.00032731108,0.00031019156,0.0003644245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985894,0.0005664162,0.000051868294,0.0005563572,0.00008449461,0.00015147973],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000110217006,0.0003489634,0.00039010006,0.000117812975,0.000087865425,0.00009089217,0.00021339206,0.00044850085,0.00009126241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009422066,0.00029658497,0.00009288159,0.0003303018,0.00009401136,0.00008099587,0.00006322107,0.0009515833,0.00029856878],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030124871,0.000059379803,0.0000015154897,0.00016829705,0.00008329944,0.000014501902,0.00023624641,0.007944124,0.98158664,0.008973126,0.0002627654,0.00063998176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080333586,0.00016416343,0.0004752445,0.00018741548,0.00011952803,0.00002436128,0.000084693194,0.014633211,0.981231,0.0012972788,0.00044624874,0.00053354126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000064126934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006452116,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021507258,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038736915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023512264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088933567","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.003192","title":"Robust multiparameter method of evaluating the optical and thermal properties of a layered tissue structure using photothermal radiometry","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Optics; Thermal diffusivity; Emissivity; Radiometry; Photon diffusion; Infrared; Scattering; Attenuation coefficient; Laser; Layer (electronics); Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.07005625411787583,"score_gpt":0.3692256274510968,"score_spread":0.299169373333221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2088933567","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96265894,0.00022141119,0.035451617,0.00016322787,0.000016520275,0.0005118683,0.0000037761,0.000041144674,0.0009315029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5664197,0.000004505873,0.43341517,0.00010345946,0.000031684398,0.0000026683124,7.976006e-7,0.000012480436,0.000009475508],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988926,0.000043456825,0.0003413524,0.00020248207,0.00029524075,0.00022484198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930257,0.00011439753,0.00011740922,0.0003020752,0.000098972974,0.000064553125],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003893382,0.00016473014,0.00042492338,0.000083124905,0.000053287215,0.000019740486,0.0001028274,0.000115897135,0.000016081554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013284903,0.00010025831,0.00004710324,0.00019766761,0.00026346228,0.00003443164,0.00004049039,0.00027877724,2.3610603e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020693701,0.00007920403,0.00011017671,0.00008405088,0.00005033388,0.0000015913527,0.00042671463,0.00085539033,0.981023,0.0015201912,0.0000019762565,0.01564044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005926648,0.0004947663,0.0010064496,0.00008980968,0.000196992,0.00005288372,0.0001548841,0.110702455,0.8863982,0.00020486674,0.0000024523633,0.00010358063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011665491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.192935e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39796355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002249576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004778548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40884152},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089051130","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.002004","title":"3×3 Mach-Zehnder interferometer with unbalanced differential detection for full-range swept-source optical coherence tomography","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Optical coherence tomography; Mach–Zehnder interferometer; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Physics; Astronomical interferometer; Tomography; Optical tomography; Coherence length","score_opus":0.012049016752191437,"score_gpt":0.20173320135733144,"score_spread":0.18968418460514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089051130","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4832611,0.00003345608,0.51204807,0.000016724964,0.000093176684,0.00078079174,0.000019958243,0.0005314871,0.003215232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96511275,0.000022210917,0.033336308,0.000049135517,0.00014730466,0.0011512687,0.000032388027,0.00010002046,0.00004860753],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99827754,0.000009430296,0.00036250748,0.00044831456,0.0003044638,0.00059775694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891835,0.0001820302,0.000056099045,0.00050889107,0.00010958425,0.00022506823],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000061769904,0.00038886355,0.00036347166,0.00021027694,0.00019508903,0.00006642217,0.00032525967,0.00022233234,0.00007040644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009916868,0.00035978633,0.00014983233,0.0006914236,0.00031287162,0.0001031376,0.000046537458,0.00038289218,0.000060161572],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002392796,0.0015669251,0.005445999,0.0010622466,0.0021558648,0.00003146042,0.0024066768,0.03363924,0.8400076,0.03207504,0.0019297478,0.07728638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.020894563,0.00579674,0.06844152,0.00034334965,0.00219067,0.00061188673,0.0012752577,0.3401683,0.530387,0.009214218,0.010583207,0.010093301],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000032537887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022590903,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48185164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052632597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001545699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089192721","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.005636","title":"Fourier transform approach for thickness estimation of reflecting interference filters","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fourier transform; Interference (communication); Fractional Fourier transform; Dielectric; Bandwidth (computing); Spatial filter; Spatial frequency; Fast Fourier transform; Materials science; Optical filter; Discrete Fourier transform (general); Computer science; Fourier analysis; Algorithm; Telecommunications; Physics; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.04005787468468758,"score_gpt":0.32546026725923155,"score_spread":0.285402392574544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089192721","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13720848,0.000009024114,0.8461993,0.000030739946,0.000056398225,0.0006038085,0.000025070134,0.00003837667,0.015828837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.641797,0.0000013791504,0.35787493,0.000012570752,0.00002820751,0.00012164537,0.000030295212,0.000012260191,0.00012172829],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881923,0.000011945398,0.00030852793,0.00023287503,0.0003084183,0.00031901762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941075,0.0001276376,0.0001115398,0.00021062806,0.00009693805,0.000042492375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046906763,0.00011235627,0.00016427318,0.000054243952,0.00009147915,0.000047232512,0.00024726609,0.00005249885,0.000021857428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007142262,0.00010268351,0.00003413535,0.00013247402,0.00010091957,0.00016193384,0.000048347687,0.00007662325,0.0000059827876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021213896,0.00010795472,0.00000515268,0.00027109054,0.0000064726287,3.1412588e-7,0.00024355766,0.028181529,0.9335486,0.029068476,0.00007674031,0.008277949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006797395,0.00014665314,0.0000120018185,0.000024943973,0.000016008229,0.0000018405337,0.000229289,0.09629355,0.8840573,0.01826952,0.00010428757,0.00016488839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016770056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040516284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5045885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006130393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048084665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4187312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089805992","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.007371","title":"Narrowband fiber-optic phase-shifted Fabry–Perot Bragg grating filters for atmospheric water vapor lidar measurements","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Communications Research Centre Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; Optics; Long-period fiber grating; Grating; Full width at half maximum; Water vapor; Optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Fiber optic sensor; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.022656168722637447,"score_gpt":0.24519033690239544,"score_spread":0.222534168179758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089805992","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85913676,0.00017395707,0.12785721,0.00015085452,0.0004884627,0.0017617557,0.000049792863,0.0010385169,0.00934268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.66791385,0.0000070676174,0.33068538,0.00011657161,0.00029684242,0.00022677013,0.00008124667,0.00018018599,0.0004920762],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976664,0.000011018088,0.0005959237,0.00044923014,0.00037672237,0.0009006625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990282,0.000102832,0.00007512326,0.00049969484,0.000089206995,0.00020494683],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019844754,0.00048761634,0.00043062546,0.00003387744,0.00018829585,0.000087709,0.00028595285,0.00020757595,0.0001458521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035547942,0.0004532058,0.00012498617,0.00019313382,0.00006673582,0.00018902405,0.00004492466,0.00028105715,0.00023096925],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022998391,0.00033436247,0.00003813874,0.00039149853,0.00061929494,0.000017933688,0.0034722828,0.6580378,0.17934403,0.00086472725,0.0015549421,0.155095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009594267,0.00032915227,0.00002121155,0.00010087345,0.0003445989,0.00003707995,0.00048586776,0.6889321,0.2686602,0.00069196394,0.028670296,0.0021323513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001511367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036003757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20282815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002220209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016899874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090066413","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.001798","title":"Spectral domain fluorescence coherence phase microscopy","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Microscopy; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Interference microscopy; Interferometry; Materials science; Fluorescence microscope; Nanoscopic scale; Phase (matter); Interference (communication); Photoactivated localization microscopy; Optical coherence tomography; Fluorescence; Super-resolution microscopy; Physics; Nanotechnology; Computer science","score_opus":0.018730168452349656,"score_gpt":0.24490898826394375,"score_spread":0.2261788198115941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090066413","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6065507,0.00009593047,0.07278698,0.000021470689,0.00021069542,0.00082842313,0.000044998746,0.0011745448,0.31828624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7703836,0.0000243829,0.22932082,0.000026430345,0.000048663933,0.00012992974,0.0000091711745,0.00003546919,0.000021558004],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989034,0.000005494534,0.00025471882,0.0002513312,0.00014971226,0.00043533428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992439,0.000033982393,0.000029187071,0.00048458698,0.00002979161,0.00017851472],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007945252,0.00021568863,0.00017622965,0.00007035689,0.000075397504,0.000036690515,0.00038774093,0.00010837191,0.000273247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004256495,0.00023119325,0.000054712167,0.00041846436,0.00019611968,0.00007278948,0.000036256857,0.00026565362,0.0004962181],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046890553,0.00042796572,0.00027009912,0.000066584646,0.00007581367,0.000014882418,0.0012352692,0.00019331885,0.58630437,0.40273947,0.0011097345,0.0075155906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027604832,0.00029930897,0.0028013228,0.00004676247,0.00012438998,0.000022310134,0.00067584915,0.008771945,0.8885127,0.09077195,0.0034838421,0.001729178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000047832855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040630157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3182647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033169577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017591687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9427787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090308596","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.004111","title":"Estimation of normalized point-source sensitivity of segment surface specifications for extremely large telescopes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy; Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Research Council Canada; University of California; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Polishing; Computer science; Table (database); Vendor; Telescope; Optics; Sensitivity (control systems); Metric (unit); Point (geometry); Algorithm; Physics; Electronic engineering; Data mining; Mathematics; Geometry; Engineering","score_opus":0.020877030073981905,"score_gpt":0.23527148422620475,"score_spread":0.21439445415222286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090308596","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34066623,0.0000064121127,0.6552934,0.00004724249,0.000021462967,0.00047968296,0.00006745796,0.000009035029,0.0034090395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7888813,0.0000013029102,0.21079779,0.0000073216593,0.00003845307,0.000009772561,0.00007812984,0.000016596556,0.00016931721],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917173,0.000017976308,0.00032920495,0.00015963275,0.00012519777,0.0001962806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990531,0.0002167501,0.00026957356,0.00023005668,0.00018299681,0.000047494268],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022102788,0.00012892183,0.00025180425,0.000029083269,0.00008136933,0.000018730525,0.000055464676,0.00003380371,0.000049734477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009063686,0.00012806074,0.000077107536,0.00008088326,0.000056379056,0.000075281096,0.000042618998,0.000059602407,0.000015176676],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059900412,0.0006784757,0.0010861938,0.00009193098,0.00020409314,1.5453018e-7,0.0009960621,0.07587476,0.32221326,0.5458466,0.0005324585,0.05241613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017126004,0.000070195594,0.002314316,0.000053011863,0.00013541512,5.022592e-7,0.0026301697,0.669031,0.31319308,0.00932329,0.0011386446,0.00039774846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008444932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027718074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5931563,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014195573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026335578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52221656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090476266","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.001128","title":"Mathematical formulations for the schlieren detection method applied to the measurement of photodeformation","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Schlieren; Photometry (optics); Physics; Fourier optics; Strehl ratio; Diffraction; Photodiode; Light beam; Fresnel diffraction; Ptychography; Fourier transform; Materials science; Laser","score_opus":0.028669910929697198,"score_gpt":0.23371055347491504,"score_spread":0.20504064254521784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090476266","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0023698467,0.000026154794,0.9862631,0.000042235974,0.000052896743,0.0013430066,0.000030188237,0.00017554311,0.0096970545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93780184,0.00001168221,0.061320756,0.000035102796,0.000042624943,0.00076177996,0.0000020067775,0.000020169748,0.000004020499],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993354,0.000005000071,0.00023921982,0.000073868396,0.0002027358,0.00014379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941444,0.00018792892,0.000041333977,0.00027492834,0.000053584565,0.000027780203],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046849053,0.000105339896,0.000113726426,0.000058464913,0.00013371791,0.000021283553,0.00016206033,0.00006293172,0.000020842894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000162871,0.000065659726,0.000059681395,0.00022471117,0.000018392464,0.000024342447,0.00001551009,0.00009637291,0.0000056310223],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007368992,0.000094010364,8.3744015e-7,0.00029986902,0.00030233097,4.676792e-8,0.0058049355,0.27006763,0.2872278,0.18856521,0.001003718,0.24655992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022206485,0.000032637257,0.0000628843,0.000012768464,0.00013251955,0.0000017652034,0.00029762866,0.6729924,0.3048889,0.01886866,0.0023417664,0.00014597655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001185353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000067690335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.935432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031984928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000023939276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2677526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090548327","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.001482","title":"Stabilization of electro-optic modulator bias voltage drift using a lock-in amplifier and a proportional-integral-derivative controller in a distributed Brillouin sensor system","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Lock-in amplifier; Optics; Amplifier; Biasing; Pulse-width modulation; Brillouin zone; Electro-optic modulator; Voltage; SIGNAL (programming language); Physics; Materials science; Computer science; Phase modulation; Optoelectronics; Optical modulator; Phase noise; CMOS","score_opus":0.01429108936104422,"score_gpt":0.22806654695437412,"score_spread":0.2137754575933299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090548327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71930313,0.000052393592,0.2796368,0.0000031509874,0.000034159282,0.00070187706,0.000031743315,0.00008567334,0.00015103475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767615,0.000008584588,0.023062322,0.000006292423,0.00002775357,0.000024890314,0.000040381732,0.00006087025,0.000007408004],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998194,0.000016551536,0.0007780795,0.00030215018,0.00024901703,0.00046025118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992216,0.00022586128,0.00015543259,0.00019896017,0.00011190615,0.00008620463],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034514026,0.0002715032,0.0005143888,0.00027948513,0.000029075823,0.000017946068,0.00007189193,0.00017463657,0.0000024846747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000113647744,0.00027903658,0.000039461138,0.0007158983,0.00009013331,0.00008467246,0.000024309886,0.00025192025,0.0000017654544],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024687822,0.0000938178,0.005830548,0.00040348608,0.0000918518,0.00004255883,0.0011368695,0.6312215,0.33494684,0.025527373,0.0000034808572,0.0004548041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028163001,0.000053220185,0.010521424,0.00019989636,0.000044999313,0.000035729867,0.0030638422,0.9405038,0.041678894,0.00054618146,0.000032478387,0.00050327287],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024432873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002915388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30928227,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043247844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003048733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999662},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090757382","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.000533","title":"Parasitic diffuse reflection in a Fourier transform spectrometer yielding subharmonic ghosts and line-shape distortion","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Physics; Spectrometer; Laser; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Distortion (music); Interferometry; Fourier transform; Plane mirror; Reflection (computer programming); Cardinal point; Infrared","score_opus":0.013788261117869778,"score_gpt":0.24313002738599884,"score_spread":0.22934176626812908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090757382","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9629032,0.00020618661,0.020999316,0.00003192595,0.000117856456,0.00019778562,0.0000015124175,0.00012742725,0.015414775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99579364,0.00032166182,0.003688226,0.00005121521,0.00007252286,0.000016033713,0.000006314527,0.000028082724,0.000022296595],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991165,0.0000030928777,0.00025112467,0.0001661666,0.00012093767,0.0003422069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996835,0.00008405795,0.000018211482,0.000111926085,0.000008934652,0.00009336025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019442949,0.00014618476,0.00016290015,0.000116915326,0.000039362876,0.000029471801,0.000056135683,0.00012164448,0.000016093103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008946462,0.00014733161,0.00002963741,0.00021176372,0.000030635074,0.00008940979,0.0000073993683,0.00025228073,0.00001279961],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00069581094,0.00081875344,0.0029998668,0.0012406248,0.00033810505,0.0002596444,0.0065620868,0.004450228,0.42943805,0.06832221,0.00006832957,0.4848063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0049387347,0.00042298602,0.054389965,0.00020466553,0.00025160037,0.000077835575,0.0006619651,0.6790343,0.24259272,0.013516282,0.0020758999,0.0018330434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000057754364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011179046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6745841,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013180869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000061660294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6008009},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091449840","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.002798","title":"Photoluminescence emission profiles of Y_2O_3:Eu films composed of high-low density stacks produced by glancing angle deposition","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Photoluminescence; Materials science; Optics; Ellipsometry; Annealing (glass); Thin film; Transmittance; Substrate (aquarium); Refractive index; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.008467614311112906,"score_gpt":0.20848805854322255,"score_spread":0.20002044423210966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091449840","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99804705,0.000016712727,0.001021833,0.000035643763,0.0000767307,0.00039381976,0.00004089615,0.00005429283,0.0003130341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9517669,0.0000070808437,0.048039857,0.000048553662,0.000030351503,0.00001428654,0.000042122498,0.000016583543,0.00003427559],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985339,0.000024667888,0.0004716722,0.00032831414,0.00038476856,0.00025667233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895793,0.00009552977,0.00035720345,0.00028867423,0.00021396966,0.000086670625],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021694083,0.0001647377,0.00035918524,0.000031782944,0.00016288027,0.0000187544,0.00019243077,0.00010061639,0.00003122686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010821675,0.00014584171,0.00004030032,0.00018718386,0.00020802121,0.00008834093,0.00009288544,0.00010679439,0.000009195514],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007803985,0.0001868238,0.00065062876,0.00017810264,0.0000036425006,0.000002743114,0.0003208362,0.00003221744,0.9973183,0.0006857971,0.00048490096,0.0000579423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039664388,0.00013538072,0.00077801634,0.000087770044,0.000016887325,0.0000056953345,0.00009973805,0.0010845963,0.9971599,0.000067628076,0.000003852702,0.00016391353],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000097249664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030264075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047018025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020692032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052214786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5947252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091489622","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000h95","title":"Isaac Newton and the astronomical refraction","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Historical Geography and Cartography","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Refraction; Physics; Optics; Exponential function; Table (database); Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Computer science","score_opus":0.011418555128829982,"score_gpt":0.22483645617352396,"score_spread":0.213417901044694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091489622","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6352925,0.00037321757,0.00095966225,0.0025103884,0.00032717694,0.00029425728,0.0000013175314,0.00009211348,0.36014938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980594,0.00034067247,0.00070657895,0.00020176031,0.00024132883,0.00001542658,0.0000011238832,0.000003924278,0.00042980217],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994684,0.000040555675,0.00008558687,0.00010660915,0.00014867444,0.00015021328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966234,0.00012368437,0.0000331325,0.00009276483,0.00001607663,0.000071988725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024017032,0.00005118925,0.00008222608,0.000026854035,0.00072772545,0.000019203908,0.000085303116,0.00006386132,0.00002203969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001819075,0.0000382283,0.00005280491,0.00020324854,0.0008892786,0.000039143637,0.000015204163,0.0001233002,0.000020473257],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007774673,0.0000359554,0.0028221763,0.0000013983805,0.000018996312,5.3157066e-7,0.0075221593,0.000013583518,0.00004596961,0.97794026,0.005374438,0.0061468077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008312671,0.00002205952,0.0090283705,0.0000013500672,0.00003267563,0.000001255763,0.0029239845,0.000032192347,0.000029636627,0.00715469,0.9798161,0.00012642943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022176321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044859196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97444165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001703959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024050467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5597149},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091685236","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.006530","title":"Single laser beam measurement of thermal diffusivity","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Optics; Beam (structure); Materials science; Laser; Thermal; Calibration; Diffusion; Laser beams; Laser beam quality; Beam diameter; M squared; Physics","score_opus":0.018304009836393624,"score_gpt":0.17987482899905205,"score_spread":0.16157081916265842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091685236","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9680151,0.000073040035,0.010528133,0.0000025097734,0.00007017927,0.00014679959,0.000026264435,0.00033793092,0.020800048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99736655,0.000030881125,0.0024970511,0.000014896087,0.000038886887,0.000018425286,0.0000024452474,0.000023660827,0.000007215502],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943465,0.0000036587412,0.00014281298,0.00007881458,0.00019344986,0.00014662431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996871,0.000019877767,0.000023783734,0.00019790167,0.000032427088,0.00003890643],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008241291,0.00010654734,0.00013440283,0.00003972777,0.00003324028,0.0000034097434,0.000099851466,0.00006800919,0.000021425645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003835024,0.000103603415,0.00004775265,0.00010161924,0.0000618599,0.000018519759,0.000016184333,0.00009366888,0.0000021154085],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011331295,0.00011392738,0.00011539128,0.000039803952,0.000043901728,0.000002945486,0.00028711883,0.0041779135,0.99228674,0.0003686878,0.00027392225,0.0022782874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001822445,0.000033350734,0.0028543246,0.000010428221,0.000021680096,0.0000028003358,0.000021155533,0.00039196547,0.9955797,0.00021108324,0.00054243987,0.0001487803],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003593554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014969356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029351445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002144889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007041176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4224825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093661997","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.001211","title":"Femtosecond laser-induced microwelding of silver and copper","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Femtosecond; Laser; Fluence; Laser beam welding; Optics; Irradiation; Copper; Substrate (aquarium); Process window; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Metallurgy; Lithography","score_opus":0.0077806985773025555,"score_gpt":0.1911942314048357,"score_spread":0.18341353282753314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093661997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98644876,0.000021328628,0.000229075,0.00001554968,0.00006768362,0.00014928642,0.0000036113245,0.00026868732,0.012796029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822851,0.000017582266,0.017543137,0.00004054581,0.000031145297,0.000022705957,0.0000032579396,0.000032107935,0.000024440245],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999551,0.0000023784135,0.00015327925,0.00009540276,0.00005614789,0.0001418015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974865,0.000020835132,0.000025322282,0.00014080336,0.000023714761,0.00004064886],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000045246557,0.00010503891,0.00013885606,0.000037580205,0.000021651718,0.000046095058,0.00008641396,0.00008336256,0.00005634961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000045584898,0.000103038685,0.000011718016,0.00005233758,0.000024506759,0.000083846615,0.000045388035,0.00007249794,0.000030263773],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017269066,0.0000063185053,0.000030165289,0.00013334045,0.000012791595,4.0302086e-7,0.00011626432,0.000052619747,0.99459577,0.0010562238,0.0011605946,0.002833803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015311048,0.000013033674,0.00016039326,0.000019240299,0.000009895636,0.0000018774189,0.00004536177,0.0016022967,0.99486953,0.002738969,0.00024115643,0.0001451587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011249881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012590228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017314062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012728621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005077487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42017955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093708011","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.002950","title":"Empirical correction of thermal responses in the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment nitric oxide measurements and initial data validation results","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Occultation; Sunset; Sunrise; Environmental science; Optics; Northern Hemisphere; Remote sensing; Spectrometer; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Meteorology; Materials science; Geology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.10613468991426254,"score_gpt":0.3181185059918031,"score_spread":0.21198381607754052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093708011","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964926,0.00003823209,0.0007037806,0.00008443483,0.000060177284,0.00046120613,0.000041204323,0.000008049159,0.0021102931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951345,0.000018556268,0.004311813,0.00012663542,0.000037020418,0.000012417652,0.00034345695,0.0000022608672,0.00001339457],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992208,0.000069193906,0.00023125556,0.00016188732,0.00019738176,0.000119468714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992719,0.00038866737,0.00010046851,0.00017633176,0.000039933173,0.000022644488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006234682,0.00006962618,0.0000850799,0.000013412571,0.00008012419,0.000043437856,0.00014367494,0.000044246855,0.000023394507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012396311,0.000048828315,0.000009738635,0.00012869091,0.000035617395,0.00017393114,0.000013499476,0.000054780416,0.0000128832635],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.009951096,0.0008512155,0.37955275,0.00020654112,0.00021558108,0.00000657023,0.021154102,0.03703997,0.07889457,0.00013028928,0.0117906835,0.46020666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020618888,0.00026770064,0.8784663,0.000016606973,0.00006456582,0.0000039942515,0.008173486,0.09402967,0.015742436,0.000250217,0.0006840072,0.00023912915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042331207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006237583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49891356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000034334666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025772613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19911608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094267497","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.000001","title":"Dynamic response of ferrofluidic deformable mirrors","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Deformable mirror; Ferrofluid; Optics; Physics; Adaptive optics; Actuator; Limiting; Viscosity; Counterintuitive; Amplitude; Computer science; Magnetic field","score_opus":0.019085967491277025,"score_gpt":0.24131112074078426,"score_spread":0.22222515324950723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094267497","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.959307,0.000030025936,0.017224252,0.000029585824,0.00006116372,0.00013664569,0.000016664513,0.000019702533,0.023174958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98260224,0.000009351961,0.016390128,0.000023380344,0.000019998584,0.0000041665994,0.000019462841,0.000025626905,0.00090563763],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991588,0.000015361862,0.00025141312,0.00016379484,0.00015474827,0.00025586862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942076,0.00007151511,0.00011560275,0.00026052643,0.000060714636,0.00007085562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001350804,0.00014539581,0.0002161836,0.000059509144,0.00014609525,0.0000069146986,0.00010834166,0.000040963347,0.000047080324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000037602201,0.00014088595,0.00007492943,0.00013184518,0.00013036012,0.000047564907,0.000057955007,0.00011811432,0.00005915501],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00234082,0.0009866317,0.0139997015,0.00006134582,0.0005840381,0.000048233243,0.005164785,0.006195203,0.48240012,0.4799727,0.0013749886,0.006871447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012582074,0.0012153719,0.13277397,0.00022600427,0.0006021164,0.000089501504,0.013406877,0.2401663,0.5148777,0.058757223,0.02056408,0.004738811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030910025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.6087256e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42121547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024121715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000073736235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5745163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094337433","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.004181","title":"Drifts exhibited by cryogenically cooled InSb infrared filtered detectors and their importance to the ATSR-2 and Landsat-5 Earth observation missions","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Remote sensing; Radiometer; Wavelength; Optics; Responsivity; Detector; Infrared; Radiometry; Shields; Satellite; Filter (signal processing); Environmental science; Nadir; Geology; Physics; Shield; Astronomy","score_opus":0.013492818154854671,"score_gpt":0.1963160295666332,"score_spread":0.1828232114117785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094337433","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97565997,0.00023861283,0.02038434,0.00071246823,0.00003394434,0.0005727299,0.000030884905,0.00046207587,0.001904998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890132,0.00015434276,0.009583592,0.0009124964,0.000050559986,0.00005831984,0.000040458293,0.000025662572,0.00016137752],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941003,0.0000073999313,0.000202584,0.00013915732,0.0000974712,0.00014337276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960077,0.000043792166,0.000028693434,0.00019216254,0.000025906353,0.000108665074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010560988,0.0001346779,0.0001184377,0.00003395958,0.000078011835,0.0000641841,0.0000786298,0.000077624514,0.000015615786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002436368,0.00010021796,0.000017095717,0.00013768708,0.000021081667,0.00006699607,0.000031528856,0.00008878377,0.000003126716],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044702792,0.000038408143,0.0015991984,0.000031657553,0.00005796401,5.9002804e-7,0.0012515194,0.00096987566,0.9358307,0.0019774544,0.027859213,0.03033871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001349347,0.00008484378,0.019561835,0.0000519196,0.000041554027,0.000005358037,0.00023350112,0.053790648,0.4732225,0.0005672494,0.4504249,0.0006663321],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013917303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000063602754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46260822,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014180939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008381524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40867698},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094829114","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001503","title":"Quantitative phase and refractive index measurements with point-source digital in-line holographic microscopy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Digital holographic microscopy; Optics; Refractive index; Microscopy; Digital holography; Holography; Materials science; Optical path length; Interference microscopy; Phase (matter); Optical microscope; Phase-contrast imaging; Phase contrast microscopy; Physics; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.02005629090772096,"score_gpt":0.29285292914711536,"score_spread":0.2727966382393944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094829114","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95953166,0.00008789548,0.015715009,0.000015261132,0.000043779706,0.0003199141,0.00008299832,0.00002661271,0.024176864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969095,0.0000037869922,0.0027780107,0.000060623657,0.00004645425,0.000038727336,0.000085707274,0.000028787543,0.00004841074],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989646,0.0000117421505,0.00020438236,0.0002624198,0.0001297771,0.00042706885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999462,0.000060560407,0.0001229978,0.00017592881,0.00004560524,0.00013291843],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001252197,0.00023276819,0.00023319162,0.00014066182,0.000074537544,0.000108253276,0.00009930126,0.000055356173,0.000009608679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000034735701,0.00020098565,0.00004247617,0.0003259489,0.00026122652,0.00048956345,0.00005733077,0.00022047627,0.000015217319],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019491456,0.00505058,0.86822397,0.0000392693,0.0005378184,0.000004849247,0.002776745,0.000058761892,0.04653296,0.047448236,0.00011881499,0.02725883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.11036861,0.013533101,0.24896455,0.0010535398,0.0013548259,0.00009066378,0.08363472,0.0007275744,0.44047308,0.06793228,0.020472515,0.011394537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011806379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018409256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6192594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011603875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019080007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8195957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094851133","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.005185","title":"Blood oxygenation measurements by multichannel reflectometry on the venous and arterial structures of the retina","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Association for Canadian Studies; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Scattering; Reflectometry; Absorption (acoustics); Wavelength; Retina; Light scattering; Reflection (computer programming); Retinal; Materials science; Physics; Chemistry; Computer science; Time domain","score_opus":0.04621578347527005,"score_gpt":0.2728290891333372,"score_spread":0.22661330565806714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094851133","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825325,0.00003741003,0.0003141853,0.00028438176,0.00007477833,0.0003934763,0.000005264863,0.000044893364,0.016313087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931291,0.00001827887,0.0064201956,0.00032506482,0.00004489843,0.000013306139,0.0000025488287,0.000014022354,0.000032581367],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933356,0.000018701949,0.00014412576,0.00013248328,0.00024238981,0.00012874929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995407,0.000036752772,0.00007042711,0.00026288143,0.000053695483,0.000035575566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016824396,0.00009652147,0.00013651341,0.00002973544,0.00007159698,0.000010841064,0.000094688665,0.000061915765,0.000014554531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009518918,0.000052101786,0.000026407046,0.00010191667,0.00013684691,0.000010146717,0.000032704083,0.00016468282,0.0000012552651],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016765276,0.0003684305,0.0005128333,0.000036315596,0.000085483254,8.1932393e-7,0.00073593674,3.4255496e-7,0.98384315,0.013253474,0.0005302472,0.00046532296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005686985,0.00035096894,0.0064147566,0.00003243221,0.00015275787,0.000006182022,0.000093387076,0.000057408764,0.98822284,0.003991834,0.000036558813,0.0000721548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008443285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.895052e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016280506,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015955295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014939573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21246493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094996156","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.003909","title":"Interferometer for ground-based observations of emitted spectral radiance from the troposphere: evaluation and retrieval performance","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"ABB (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Radiance; Remote sensing; Troposphere; Spectrometer; Interferometry; Optics; Water vapor; Infrared; Environmental science; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Detector; Physics; Materials science; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.03883614460928693,"score_gpt":0.26173935783421864,"score_spread":0.22290321322493173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094996156","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99245113,0.00010044568,0.0050712386,0.0002451304,0.000026458465,0.00034182257,0.000095273885,0.000033794822,0.0016347134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863104,0.00003961244,0.012802265,0.00012400417,0.00014285621,0.0001455899,0.0003168292,0.000019191833,0.00009921],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991748,0.00000691894,0.0002549969,0.00021278886,0.00019379983,0.00015673572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990519,0.00033525765,0.00012760764,0.0003519787,0.00010028235,0.00003294776],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000117635565,0.00012083193,0.00014195913,0.000011947585,0.00021264254,0.000018307555,0.00016178498,0.00008260327,0.00011310141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035739333,0.00010370054,0.000044938442,0.00016350532,0.00016740627,0.00005129638,0.000016648823,0.00012774144,0.0000031514853],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005450647,0.00024426763,0.01645545,0.00008899252,0.00012442764,3.153985e-7,0.0006964864,0.0019370003,0.96786964,0.008724871,0.002299911,0.0010135971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00253349,0.00007434202,0.11424885,0.000031062147,0.00020153917,0.00000245567,0.0002128981,0.21166533,0.667177,0.0021803125,0.0013833235,0.00028936012],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003351384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017829794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3006926,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006289026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008396603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42287853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095169927","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000f72","title":"Noctilucent clouds: modern ground-based photographic observations by a digital camera network","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Robustness (evolution); Context (archaeology); Remote sensing; Computer science; Atmospheric optics; Physics; Geometrical optics; Geology","score_opus":0.013740901117468368,"score_gpt":0.18949738045213912,"score_spread":0.17575647933467076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095169927","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53236717,0.000073404495,0.3173067,0.000044595112,0.00035661616,0.0006714389,0.0001844187,0.00018896449,0.14880669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98609656,0.0000038226035,0.01229636,0.0002912201,0.0002384401,0.00010768456,0.0004815555,0.000051833926,0.00043250702],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879247,0.000007802079,0.00028376235,0.0003029169,0.000160172,0.0004528547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992591,0.000040792107,0.00012804917,0.0003802781,0.000063859545,0.00012788291],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004882174,0.00025588294,0.00021413095,0.0000135357905,0.00018377398,0.00011019486,0.00024378648,0.00007633403,0.0002874078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010310561,0.000265764,0.00012582811,0.00027416658,0.00008445567,0.00013077339,0.000058285095,0.0002081379,0.00006012484],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000247962,0.0025568674,0.0636319,0.000050352584,0.00065801264,0.000007455623,0.0014391246,0.012582967,0.0011849437,0.821695,0.018576672,0.07736869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008619835,0.0008034031,0.013972103,0.00010924493,0.0008481154,0.0000032694331,0.0037038394,0.42212734,0.0023132649,0.45683405,0.08529374,0.0053717988],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020108992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015169834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4537294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020099822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006675276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095385202","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000788","title":"Effect of growth media and washing on the spectral signatures of aerosolized biological simulants","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosolization; Aerosol; Spectral signature; Bacterial growth; Bacteria; Fluorescence; Materials science; Optics; Environmental science; Chromatography; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Remote sensing; Biology; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.018820890971381038,"score_gpt":0.21908131747163065,"score_spread":0.2002604265002496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095385202","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850759,0.000008706859,0.00003407917,0.00001810394,0.000033047552,0.00019023969,0.0000073508904,0.000009221865,0.014623369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992067,0.000017911418,0.00064749346,0.00009730642,0.000014796572,0.0000030112133,0.0000022828222,0.0000051091015,0.000005343812],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939615,0.00007080672,0.000148447,0.00013019863,0.000113842834,0.000140537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929965,0.0004722899,0.00007336893,0.00012170508,0.000003192103,0.000029784107],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004492224,0.00009512824,0.0001704426,0.000009247597,0.000045700897,0.000003783033,0.00016427653,0.00009638232,0.00013427172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000085160835,0.000052694264,0.00003453534,0.000060082064,0.00035729975,0.00001711163,0.00009006989,0.00013600792,0.000015038142],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00087613164,0.00015240788,0.003559616,0.000049242037,0.00003598331,0.0000033847177,0.005282607,0.00014261117,0.90539414,0.08277131,0.00021865203,0.0015139047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005549224,0.0004676665,0.0061408784,0.00001204719,0.000019790474,0.0000010727138,0.00009148557,0.000060654784,0.98941404,0.0031210838,0.000013433466,0.000102918784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039370043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000068826525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0840199,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008639453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000020634861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21488097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095661619","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001544","title":"Optical Interference Coatings Design Contest 2004","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences; JDSU (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interference (communication); Coating; Materials science; Broadband; CONTEST; Interference filter; Optical coating; Optical filter; Filter (signal processing); Optoelectronics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Physics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.019105111732622016,"score_gpt":0.23127598656149792,"score_spread":0.2121708748288759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095661619","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.56416106,0.00005508105,0.32159662,0.0004298981,0.0002741744,0.00055637205,0.000013905622,0.00038398785,0.112528905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7967794,0.0000012251062,0.20222777,0.00028954673,0.00015958337,0.000037343736,0.00000712113,0.000025127976,0.00047287688],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982694,0.000023330336,0.00046586213,0.00041705245,0.0003051209,0.0005192769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888533,0.00042871194,0.00014292388,0.0002907848,0.00012616983,0.00012610207],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046791908,0.00023722238,0.00028395865,0.000037822247,0.0001800108,0.00026812984,0.00034964428,0.0001237566,0.00020835326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017599131,0.00020715948,0.000046840174,0.00016437538,0.0002707148,0.00010806104,0.00013578663,0.00020802923,0.00096473575],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002818382,0.00011309676,0.00003915508,0.000012866367,0.0000014619636,0.00000631103,0.00005944652,0.00046730644,0.74700046,0.2502188,0.0016337861,0.00041912342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075778866,0.0003440401,0.00023542294,0.00004797653,0.00003912714,0.000017120283,0.00017783625,0.0026590682,0.97075325,0.023609716,0.0007830537,0.00057562423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004364161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000095744035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23261835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043893877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054665226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097669778","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000030","title":"Analysis and fabrication of hybrid metal-dielectric omnidirectional Bragg reflectors","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Distributed Bragg reflector; Omnidirectional antenna; Fabrication; Dielectric; Chalcogenide; Stopband; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Silicon","score_opus":0.0073963180361422175,"score_gpt":0.2507464019110936,"score_spread":0.24335008387495138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2097669778","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79285496,0.000032766096,0.16678384,0.000017484592,0.000016411579,0.00013763427,0.000024518942,0.000019466359,0.04011294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967903,0.000008415511,0.0028947487,0.000012796733,0.0000665492,0.000020530295,0.0000819061,0.000008088416,0.00011667227],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932945,0.0000043923005,0.00022586572,0.00017875536,0.000113651906,0.00014788692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948907,0.00008450842,0.00013261358,0.00017272832,0.0000655123,0.000055539775],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016594166,0.00008872262,0.00017008219,0.00014383941,0.0000807941,0.000012704263,0.00006784412,0.000016230473,0.00007442742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002875137,0.00008862969,0.000073770905,0.00077012606,0.000041596002,0.000026738853,0.000022914268,0.00007450642,0.0000038326407],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004671226,0.00057949574,0.029574014,0.000020468788,0.0019647132,5.536933e-7,0.00022119272,0.00074753875,0.30967152,0.5921209,0.00019691588,0.064856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007804892,0.000057601537,0.08702014,0.000004449499,0.0017942226,0.0000023765972,0.00036612636,0.008466726,0.8677022,0.027398579,0.0058514033,0.0005557299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006823037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000061362107,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5647223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014595862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022221275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3614214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097733990","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.005170","title":"Writing long holographic diffraction gratings by use of a novel scanning method","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Holography; Diffraction; Diffraction efficiency; Interference (communication); Diffraction grating; Compensation (psychology); Phase (matter); Ptychography; Grating; Computer science; Materials science; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.02971679029792824,"score_gpt":0.29864389844651557,"score_spread":0.26892710814858733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2097733990","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6975426,0.000008826102,0.29920244,0.00001882495,0.000034339453,0.00012528013,0.000034734367,0.00002221263,0.0030107144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8887356,0.000009889448,0.110814616,0.00006469597,0.00015252894,0.000018657982,0.00008435454,0.000027865965,0.00009179066],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903435,0.000016156908,0.0003019128,0.00023052543,0.00015809342,0.00025895264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991154,0.0002617932,0.0002621611,0.00020355158,0.000089693094,0.000067404726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018508366,0.00016574311,0.0002300843,0.00007462539,0.00011590112,0.00005392009,0.000100483725,0.000065112195,0.000025549738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000122491065,0.00016884107,0.00008464176,0.0003001225,0.00005553327,0.00018147443,0.000051099953,0.00026622834,0.00000376027],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009661251,0.0010732943,0.106608585,0.000026419577,0.00026533284,0.0000035362739,0.00039443947,0.0006441415,0.8475788,0.018148374,0.0003529173,0.024807496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008431405,0.00050597853,0.048777726,0.00031838354,0.0009903718,0.000041873263,0.0069464087,0.16214366,0.7453159,0.0050422717,0.01836509,0.0031209185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013835657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020605112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19119298,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012917827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020126525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6885139},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097860898","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.004418","title":"South Pole Telescope optics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Telescope; Optics; Physics; Optical telescope; South Pole Telescope; Reflecting telescope; Primary mirror; Active optics; Extremely high frequency; Cardinal point; Field of view; Offset (computer science); Bolometer; Detector; Cosmic microwave background","score_opus":0.013820083988920826,"score_gpt":0.20476402056539683,"score_spread":0.19094393657647601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2097860898","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.797065,0.00001577063,0.06538799,0.00026534093,0.00011087047,0.00024854508,0.000028239252,0.00014895326,0.13672926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94704247,0.0000023197929,0.051762093,0.000053485302,0.00033475916,0.00003895257,0.0000390963,0.000025519568,0.0007013283],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991595,0.00000430631,0.00021159386,0.00021721287,0.00009908546,0.00030831256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994051,0.00002006002,0.00008297879,0.0003847888,0.000036725767,0.00007037077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003890053,0.0001568302,0.00018553979,0.000060419166,0.00021874624,0.00002122461,0.0002255393,0.0000618961,0.00015205212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000015677875,0.00015920552,0.000057492372,0.00019550287,0.00013740579,0.000049153354,0.00006948884,0.00019582464,0.00025200288],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005916234,0.000101162805,0.02903792,0.0000032053492,0.000074665964,0.0000028810302,0.000259626,0.0007064496,0.0006063714,0.95099485,0.00066905696,0.017537896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017865317,0.0010153567,0.13412438,0.00009645975,0.0007824916,0.00009005549,0.015960123,0.02963075,0.16273351,0.2090453,0.42023212,0.008424131],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001290687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.8610384e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74194956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014371666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000064563734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64922124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098358645","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007059","title":"Laser-absorption tomography beam arrangement optimization using resolution matrices","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Attenuation coefficient; Attenuation; Laser; Absorption (acoustics); Beam (structure); Tomography; Materials science; Laser beam quality; Physics; Laser beams","score_opus":0.009407188940632381,"score_gpt":0.20179386567311142,"score_spread":0.19238667673247903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2098358645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60397166,0.000055915298,0.38510194,0.000014714595,0.00014291942,0.00024767403,0.0000016482969,0.000061226856,0.010402297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7079596,0.00011484239,0.2915875,0.00011425364,0.000085838605,0.00001594274,0.00001862627,0.0000218845,0.000081526014],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890494,0.00001298171,0.0001981321,0.00020688474,0.00030379544,0.0003732413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995478,0.000011910549,0.000113642825,0.00020083124,0.000002287911,0.00012353918],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017337492,0.00016106966,0.00010734174,0.000012932265,0.00017141826,0.000023264227,0.00011923089,0.00009431679,0.0004318417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000020544885,0.000163754,0.000046486326,0.00027942006,0.0001235379,0.00027104001,0.0001381375,0.000088514724,0.00014750732],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000106488305,0.0001280649,0.019247288,0.0000042403212,0.00001000142,2.8030547e-7,0.00013100155,0.97548336,0.0024555158,0.00017802318,0.000069142276,0.0022824367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063689187,0.000066029366,0.02804502,0.000011812492,0.00016219674,0.000009225031,0.00068896834,0.96535724,0.0017084486,0.0002086742,0.0024544646,0.0006510224],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004245497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020308012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.103987925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029805428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000021050585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66776943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099213543","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.002686","title":"Spatial dependence of surface error slopes on tolerancing panoramic lenses","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Distortion (music); Lens (geology); Surface (topology); Spatial frequency; Entrance pupil; Monte Carlo method; Focal length; Geometrical optics; Field of view; Computer science; Materials science; Physics; Pupil; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.013229504262635935,"score_gpt":0.23079669837810798,"score_spread":0.21756719411547204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2099213543","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9145262,0.000030333988,0.07428154,0.000010661875,0.00028828738,0.00015866266,0.0000035692665,0.00030878384,0.010391932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9384929,0.000028881406,0.06133583,0.000029426212,0.00005329943,0.000008289042,0.0000029387954,0.000025769827,0.000022665154],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936414,0.0000037112115,0.00017267112,0.00012536942,0.0001422773,0.00019185795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996169,0.00005293426,0.000039211754,0.00022120036,0.000034446668,0.000035309404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000112690155,0.00013079085,0.00017416556,0.00004214935,0.00003053437,0.00000604853,0.00013117341,0.000094755225,0.000015900665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021329999,0.00012984032,0.000034468263,0.0000693919,0.000050392624,0.000037032394,0.000017573964,0.00028617133,0.000012061346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021247326,0.000019941317,0.000612284,0.000029741434,0.000018287732,0.000001117004,0.00006305233,0.012035296,0.9731476,0.0041972366,0.000036215093,0.009817997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023630064,0.0000483875,0.0007519585,0.000013692662,0.000020613605,0.0000012184768,0.00002714701,0.0019060705,0.9951569,0.000727291,0.00093786983,0.00017255731],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000070684023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007795033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02396668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014297746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011074728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5294735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099918789","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.002250","title":"Sensitivity of Bragg gratings in birefringent optical fiber to transverse compression between conforming materials","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Birefringence; Materials science; Optics; Fiber Bragg grating; Transverse plane; Optical fiber; Sensitivity (control systems); Physics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.010057388530093324,"score_gpt":0.2311090625112125,"score_spread":0.22105167398111916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2099918789","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98968965,0.0000019209924,0.006753518,0.000021957774,0.00018318232,0.00035121705,0.000029552968,0.00012822826,0.002840763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.922371,0.0000025804218,0.07744134,0.00001556855,0.000079199956,0.000012913977,0.000012578532,0.000047874717,0.000016953172],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988238,0.0000098563405,0.00044004887,0.0001955012,0.00019478663,0.00033597546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926883,0.0002384444,0.000045308836,0.00028137225,0.00003113364,0.00013489874],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027423888,0.00020590647,0.00038298196,0.00011093144,0.000028002149,0.000016831975,0.00010319382,0.00017384671,0.000045991852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004073924,0.00021519842,0.00003235318,0.00016714985,0.00006119357,0.00006866058,0.000050607647,0.00029794945,0.00005313251],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016825477,0.00001641752,0.00008875178,0.00005727214,0.000016143944,0.000007845212,0.0005887437,0.021658093,0.97004485,0.0019255274,0.000009837141,0.005569663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004599028,0.000018559105,0.0026756625,0.00004417554,0.000022816139,0.0000050003123,0.0001294185,0.0033168888,0.9924946,0.000108348286,0.00044026718,0.000284372],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013816431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002467672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07068782,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003160278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009920643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8775537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100449293","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.001286","title":"Toward perfect antireflection coatings 2 Theory","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Wavelength; Omnidirectional antenna; Reflection (computer programming); Optical coating; Refractive index; Range (aeronautics); Fresnel equations; Reflection coefficient; Total internal reflection; Optoelectronics; Thin film; Computer science; Physics; Nanotechnology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01863058369114063,"score_gpt":0.25120856768364075,"score_spread":0.23257798399250013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2100449293","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92335135,0.000018136063,0.016835155,0.00023176924,0.00022548097,0.0001951831,0.000003641446,0.00023066309,0.0589086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9516508,0.0000058542846,0.047477264,0.0005078492,0.00015349088,0.000021179902,0.000004457675,0.000023692564,0.0001554105],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886525,0.000018252511,0.00024089632,0.00030051835,0.00024513272,0.0003299602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994513,0.00010183651,0.000100527475,0.00019561397,0.00006118506,0.00008957827],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005072569,0.00015728551,0.00017690432,0.000035833797,0.00021748271,0.00014286455,0.00017726373,0.00009267363,0.00014593174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012358821,0.00013504794,0.000047898196,0.00017306142,0.00012629316,0.0000977951,0.00007950453,0.00015502475,0.0006705701],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019150795,0.000036314108,0.000011637085,0.000016727266,0.0000017897079,0.0000022939503,0.0005897083,0.00021503236,0.6424178,0.35580704,0.00003209797,0.0008504014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067035295,0.00020037178,0.00012226803,0.000024882089,0.000031663305,0.000015440315,0.0005255077,0.00007596484,0.88897425,0.10857716,0.00046363255,0.0003185305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016929844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027069698,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24722987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005453555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046539037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86190456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100703109","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.001053","title":"Application of in situ ellipsometry in the fabrication of thin-film optical coatings on semiconductors","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada); McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Ellipsometry; Refractive index; Optics; Thin film; Optoelectronics; Optical filter; Semiconductor; Chemical vapor deposition; Optical coating; Fabrication; Reflection (computer programming); Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.017892698609832475,"score_gpt":0.2874259355893289,"score_spread":0.2695332369794964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2100703109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98712516,0.0000106161715,0.0007547157,0.00006485703,0.000015596157,0.0005123757,0.000006571823,0.000009839172,0.011500269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960968,0.000028278078,0.003648947,0.000077560435,0.000018606315,0.00007549824,0.0000129443515,0.000009667408,0.000031688272],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856,0.000045584336,0.0004146238,0.00022228433,0.0005291658,0.00022833141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991057,0.0003050219,0.000121571924,0.00038273324,0.000051681207,0.000033288863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007837083,0.00009441648,0.00017256479,0.00011319997,0.000022140675,0.000013904383,0.00041045298,0.000059741287,0.00006493658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013508489,0.000074446005,0.000019402674,0.00054082903,0.0001407525,0.00008749981,0.000042419786,0.00015107724,0.00006607724],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008544582,0.00025273784,0.0003815002,0.000036373684,0.0000011872949,4.9392986e-7,0.00058145326,0.006910392,0.9725029,0.017249469,0.00001636878,0.001981665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048367147,0.00012646685,0.0037761158,0.00002508276,0.000004141905,5.838956e-7,0.000570958,0.0019478167,0.9895067,0.0033213643,0.00013851999,0.000098553115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034107037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011115826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01700381,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006981787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003580879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.303582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101041917","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.004341","title":"The ACE-MAESTRO instrument on SCISAT: description, performance, and preliminary results","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"COM DEV International; University of Waterloo; University of Toronto; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Stratosphere; Troposphere; Occultation; Trace gas; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Ozone; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Atmospheric chemistry; Aerosol; Nitrogen dioxide; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Optics; Physics; Geology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.014273163858692036,"score_gpt":0.19907692323064424,"score_spread":0.1848037593719522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2101041917","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8920941,0.00008372825,0.000067857836,0.00021392124,0.00017265188,0.00015428379,0.000007760894,0.000030376894,0.10717535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956126,0.00061530934,0.002886404,0.00024124043,0.00008957327,0.000001276865,0.000024266707,0.0000035596142,0.0005257543],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905807,0.0000075616085,0.00021643838,0.00018243023,0.00021266595,0.00032283858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994669,0.00015627236,0.00006868319,0.00019524553,0.00001611886,0.00009678581],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005007672,0.00011285586,0.000083448445,0.000008809606,0.00046423537,0.00007829362,0.00013257061,0.000054565593,0.00002500794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012108242,0.000073090036,0.000015201194,0.0001220548,0.00014194527,0.00007439283,0.00001805982,0.00013487882,0.00016105341],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003252425,0.00004814208,0.07216399,0.000025184203,0.000032903663,0.000014313301,0.000816694,0.003410564,0.00003942426,0.004679441,0.0029135381,0.9126034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011767861,0.0014815682,0.9324909,0.00002513409,0.00003277499,0.000024995948,0.0022453174,0.012274411,0.00049072143,0.0008310989,0.048590474,0.00033580154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032390188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009135041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91226757,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000051771544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019044493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.357057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101043295","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.002670","title":"Mechanical characteristics of optical coatings prepared by various techniques: a comparative study","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Abrasion (mechanical); Optical coating; Microstructure; Scratch; Sputter deposition; Evaporation; Sputtering; Physical vapor deposition; Composite material; Optics; Thin film; Indentation; Chemical vapor deposition; Cathodic protection; Ion beam; Refractive index; Electron beam physical vapor deposition; Deposition (geology); Beam (structure); Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.013839083573861806,"score_gpt":0.23447964970763116,"score_spread":0.22064056613376937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2101043295","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86297876,0.000024505232,0.123302266,0.000015399086,0.00034376205,0.0012611826,0.00006662078,0.0006263667,0.011381143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96807396,0.000014902313,0.0316295,0.000027937573,0.000040875053,0.00009582787,0.000031244857,0.00004087511,0.000044862216],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986147,0.0000122933,0.00054551155,0.00023990657,0.00031102743,0.00027653546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934167,0.00004360288,0.00009029995,0.00033898823,0.00006753947,0.0001179302],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022860758,0.00025093608,0.00052868255,0.000048416267,0.000046054232,0.000026578042,0.00025616173,0.00015316921,0.000015956932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024602512,0.00024610086,0.000055462053,0.00019576638,0.000045704815,0.000042480926,0.00009723929,0.00030814734,0.000030475041],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010095379,0.0021270812,0.000018006582,0.00022511656,0.00035946086,0.000024771252,0.0052270726,0.00070344005,0.6216751,0.36659524,0.0008334471,0.0021103602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002051337,0.0011417351,0.00006004704,0.000068570174,0.00028333138,0.000020883714,0.0017707081,0.010638593,0.9649609,0.01680056,0.0012894805,0.0009138662],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000055390674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025649458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3497947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006639459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026593762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999991},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101049359","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.002750","title":"Control of spectral aberrations in a monochromator using a plane holographic chirped grating","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Monochromator; Optics; Grating; Holography; Physics; Diffraction grating; Blazed grating; Optical aberration; Wavelength; Materials science; Wavefront","score_opus":0.02158742985117712,"score_gpt":0.22352419180574956,"score_spread":0.20193676195457244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2101049359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8782235,0.00009000314,0.119321376,0.0000042015363,0.000037990198,0.00020681476,0.0000051867733,0.0001700576,0.0019408857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9474797,0.00004112143,0.052387435,0.000014534504,0.000027492588,0.000026666783,0.000004285237,0.000017105836,0.0000016180401],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994059,0.0000064554556,0.00023170689,0.00009200449,0.000077148485,0.00018678741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997677,0.000026998392,0.00004327385,0.00011939446,0.000014640658,0.000027953836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007898924,0.00010532191,0.00020653153,0.00015745107,0.000038227947,0.0000023130617,0.00006445812,0.0000818909,0.0000029544294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001069669,0.00011306668,0.000029498427,0.000200343,0.000061961844,0.000039159368,0.0000058529286,0.00014452067,6.007652e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002175342,0.0000502201,0.007785966,0.000027404058,0.00004446959,0.000013953011,0.0003169427,0.038012303,0.9486883,0.0049114116,0.00002193812,0.00010532997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007856648,0.00033854693,0.051182374,0.00012838682,0.00020928639,0.00016506831,0.0004668286,0.32887387,0.6005365,0.00870495,0.00014719668,0.0013902999],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004024842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015592728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34815177,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024045901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012975516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46107253},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101911664","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.000c87","title":"Sensitive detection of metals in water using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy on wood sample substrates","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Materials science; Detection limit; Spectroscopy; Laser; Aqueous solution; Analyte; Optics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Substrate (aquarium); Chemistry; Chromatography","score_opus":0.012168547935500075,"score_gpt":0.22566705791586097,"score_spread":0.2134985099803609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2101911664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943517,0.000001014094,0.0013636685,0.000008425369,0.00039448155,0.0002527106,0.000026523741,0.000120071505,0.0034814032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926971,0.0000056880813,0.007066568,0.000017873777,0.00011986937,0.000011488675,0.000025554255,0.000050781327,0.000005084028],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998832,0.000016026544,0.00031942799,0.00023732374,0.00017200326,0.00042320794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940133,0.00016437864,0.00004483152,0.00028098968,0.000032568103,0.00007590683],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019516294,0.0002536218,0.00032199564,0.00014938509,0.00006752278,0.0000416337,0.00010347482,0.0002334351,0.000034407167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018675493,0.00022372082,0.00005826816,0.00021260227,0.000035373276,0.00008502762,0.000020204754,0.00057966786,0.000041381598],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046367706,0.000050933046,0.000011755945,0.000026354555,0.00004034771,0.000006650163,0.0003148416,0.010585836,0.988145,0.0005542245,0.0000014606644,0.00021621204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042185115,0.0000733711,0.00017581042,0.000012571669,0.000034185763,0.0000082340175,0.00013010268,0.02117803,0.9768331,0.00086715486,0.0000148624995,0.000250724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001444179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00067335536,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011311913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006379401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017398936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9123071},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102594491","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.002058","title":"Modeling and optimization of Q-switched double-clad fiber lasers","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fiber laser; Materials science; Laser; Double-clad fiber; Q-switching; Output coupler; Pulse-width modulation; Ytterbium; Wavelength; Population inversion; Optical fiber; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Optoelectronics; Fiber optic sensor; Physics; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.008208897275359775,"score_gpt":0.18428260931845894,"score_spread":0.17607371204309916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2102594491","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74256706,0.00021381113,0.20865662,0.00001665018,0.000087706416,0.00026800603,0.000014109808,0.00024327899,0.047932778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95629936,0.00006825847,0.043441013,0.0000066428547,0.00003647247,0.000009449497,0.000028976334,0.000029954834,0.00007985959],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942404,0.000001205235,0.00021226086,0.00010783571,0.00009726735,0.00015738682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976707,0.000014349066,0.00002059929,0.00013513629,0.000026252863,0.000036585094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004642451,0.000116514064,0.00014479477,0.0000437555,0.000026129266,0.000017951234,0.000057492838,0.00008548003,0.000017694201],"category_scores_gemma":[9.716787e-7,0.00012242842,0.000022003682,0.00010845491,0.000027222735,0.000045671328,0.000026110712,0.00008649809,0.000004591489],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013232676,0.000012839776,0.0000046779833,0.000052856783,0.0000130316375,6.330943e-7,0.00007100011,0.9907064,0.005269006,0.0036347036,0.000028938495,0.00019268249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005809473,0.0000074692502,0.0000044646163,0.000008050131,0.000025614352,0.0000020955993,0.000056228913,0.9941923,0.004309916,0.00055107934,0.000120239776,0.00014157375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010048402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000047277636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21373233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020413954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007857826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4992486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103292203","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003237","title":"Beam displacement and distortion effects in narrowband optical thin-film filters","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"JDSU (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Narrowband; Materials science; Optical filter; Wavelength; Beam (structure); Angle of incidence (optics); Interference filter; Light beam; Physics","score_opus":0.0029894773637930343,"score_gpt":0.18176166486366901,"score_spread":0.17877218749987597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2103292203","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9457817,0.0003211375,0.0064635207,0.000030990555,0.00015097107,0.00027246567,0.0000032304229,0.00011625249,0.046859708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99711514,0.000040834242,0.002612444,0.000044351065,0.00004915648,0.000046117526,0.000019968349,0.000021364514,0.00005063032],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925286,0.0000038877274,0.00018924916,0.000163345,0.00013167821,0.00025899475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969304,0.0000927914,0.000014164726,0.00012415217,0.000005580158,0.00007030273],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000081237195,0.0001468609,0.00016558467,0.000043190237,0.00003259656,0.000034643155,0.00006509827,0.00008921227,0.0000072391385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000063615716,0.00013987087,0.000020757278,0.000089061876,0.000055753717,0.000053006814,0.000028928967,0.00015176622,0.000019454845],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015000747,0.0004559735,0.004524426,0.0014427007,0.00011445829,0.00010628243,0.0008923743,0.45861274,0.048721988,0.47772825,0.0017520734,0.005498725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003904797,0.00018870083,0.089496166,0.0001832622,0.00014583422,0.000015032002,0.00023970468,0.8134027,0.07631014,0.010967347,0.0037966378,0.0013496581],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000997469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003095455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4667609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006869138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000051793754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5703769},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103345270","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.001414","title":"Diffuse light propagation in biological media by a time-domain parabolic simplified spherical harmonics approximation with ray-divergence effects","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Photon transport in biological tissue; Monte Carlo method; Diffusion equation; Physics; Photon diffusion; Spherical harmonics; Radiative transfer; Diffusion; Parabolic partial differential equation; Partial differential equation; Vector spherical harmonics; Divergence (linguistics); Mathematical analysis; Optics; Harmonics; Computational physics; Mathematics; Dynamic Monte Carlo method; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.006885931265259046,"score_gpt":0.24183665518834735,"score_spread":0.2349507239230883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2103345270","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95535016,0.000029931829,0.04024865,0.0006279843,0.000048997357,0.0010663221,0.0000037060504,0.00031374412,0.002310519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8474165,0.000038483406,0.15188846,0.00027364545,0.000072928095,0.00016980675,0.0000776608,0.000028058632,0.000034420922],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860835,0.000032346274,0.00029254163,0.0003942654,0.0002937973,0.00037872832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991756,0.00016983492,0.00008695283,0.00032300196,0.000056011955,0.00018857549],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023817115,0.0002380114,0.00039229903,0.000059879956,0.00005798575,0.00003905798,0.0001318133,0.00024624632,0.000026656768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016544866,0.00016788869,0.00003707837,0.00033704904,0.00019900876,0.000056513276,0.000046491743,0.0006499609,0.00005973854],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026940752,0.0006728552,0.0018508793,0.00005052797,0.000015798083,0.000023379502,0.00020676498,0.000002981884,0.98750216,0.0074024363,0.00047362642,0.0015291901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057427846,0.0012834606,0.00973916,0.0001301958,0.00014097012,0.00005997452,0.00011542416,0.015641836,0.95705134,0.0079077175,0.0013533701,0.0008337714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004183319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023020134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.111639805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052592222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051537936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6846302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105317999","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.005569","title":"Finite-difference time-domain solution of light scattering by dielectric particles with large complex refractive indices","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Refractive index; Dielectric; Light scattering; Finite-difference time-domain method; Scattering; Mie scattering; Materials science; Physics; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.007503317743135598,"score_gpt":0.21940881236849985,"score_spread":0.21190549462536426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2105317999","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9585905,0.000019614357,0.014182668,0.00011461308,0.000002942336,0.00024219447,0.00012132923,0.000026137508,0.026699994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976247,0.000005691902,0.0019573485,0.000030114094,0.000030396573,0.0000794029,0.00010655066,0.0000142299905,0.00015154421],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925804,0.000010233342,0.0001776764,0.00018720135,0.000117223964,0.00024961276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995486,0.00006458396,0.00011774818,0.00019360549,0.000021656828,0.00005380872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005737735,0.00012232692,0.0001674907,0.000023656185,0.00013841057,0.000025671774,0.00012505436,0.00002694661,0.0005010711],"category_scores_gemma":[5.239995e-7,0.00010709878,0.000027488624,0.00020194112,0.000051855262,0.00004139857,0.000024472332,0.00009966103,0.00005381892],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009094984,0.0007446434,0.0011353579,0.000017239592,0.000121161356,3.7111937e-7,0.0008008951,0.00024197392,0.949236,0.02583837,0.00064942735,0.021123627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0054101464,0.0005079673,0.013227685,0.00012797998,0.0003367506,0.00000311213,0.0021745232,0.060234897,0.8291994,0.035623193,0.051351756,0.0018026344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031300962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032525213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.120036624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014165581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025423085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54863775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106213434","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.006618","title":"Digital demodulation system for low-coherence interferometric sensors based on highly birefringent fibers","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Demodulation; Birefringence; Materials science; Interference (communication); Pressure sensor; Fiber optic sensor; Michelson interferometer; Dynamic range; Optical fiber; Hydrostatic pressure; Multiplexing; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.011065090656366306,"score_gpt":0.20559337583010825,"score_spread":0.19452828517374196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106213434","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72609293,0.000018849069,0.25099933,0.000022336944,0.00052547385,0.0008176936,0.00003455967,0.0009303054,0.02055851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97690105,0.000005204299,0.022588022,0.000023092829,0.00011336127,0.00008511992,0.000041453794,0.00010271073,0.00013997704],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865836,0.0000043381456,0.00037666375,0.0003111543,0.00024778198,0.00040169744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907213,0.00029175077,0.00007045203,0.00038845593,0.00005443563,0.00012275908],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000078936355,0.00027899194,0.00025208463,0.0003081525,0.00006478324,0.000075846285,0.00016506508,0.00013474752,0.0000050306094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004409292,0.00029534296,0.00007496896,0.0005909729,0.000029758216,0.00009672043,0.000018782712,0.00014771143,0.000121051635],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006196519,0.000029413695,0.00008280782,0.00014482193,0.000031356685,0.0000069245953,0.000051273542,0.98515725,0.0023158097,0.0011279228,0.000051036655,0.010939394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009888668,0.000100719655,0.00020807223,0.00009667867,0.000032928943,0.000008983389,0.00018424986,0.98410076,0.012457207,0.000078846635,0.0012727854,0.0004698961],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.3626022e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.0552627e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25080812,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034641006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010462341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106592622","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.001852","title":"Influence of semicrystalline order on the second-harmonic generation efficiency in the anisotropic bands of myocytes","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sarcomere; Crystallinity; Materials science; Anisotropy; Myofibril; Myocyte; Myosin; Second-harmonic generation; Biophysics; Optics; Molecular physics; Chemistry; Composite material; Biology; Physics; Biochemistry","score_opus":0.008599739491863089,"score_gpt":0.2571804112512867,"score_spread":0.2485806717594236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106592622","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97654086,0.00012620227,0.02248388,0.000037214028,0.000008790118,0.0002574928,0.0000068986633,0.0000050312397,0.00053362694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917485,0.00014717002,0.0077629304,0.00023955539,0.000035154277,0.000013299546,0.000019127903,0.000009737573,0.000024534622],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932384,0.00001726657,0.00024702484,0.00015313152,0.00010982811,0.00014893094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942124,0.000044560937,0.00011513658,0.0003337063,0.000073650546,0.000011728921],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032334804,0.00009776415,0.00009406689,0.000030007232,0.000034871697,0.0000050706362,0.00027167896,0.00008865563,0.0000056327513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004498135,0.00006316144,0.000023204337,0.0001779716,0.00014690675,0.0000021433457,0.00004598427,0.00010831387,6.1285823e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029623958,0.000055799574,0.00027719422,0.000010440555,0.0000045495963,2.8423452e-7,0.00009639213,0.0012141198,0.995503,0.002572703,0.00006945826,0.0001664237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014972921,0.00019480208,0.00087221735,0.000007991243,0.000004257637,0.0000010048882,0.00009206208,0.00011097548,0.9978491,0.0001477167,0.0005029199,0.00006722252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000025427041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028152223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015207627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001037203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033408247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25756487},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106901592","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001356","title":"Optical coatings for thermophotovoltaic spectral control","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Thermophotovoltaic; Optics; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Optical filter; Filter (signal processing); Epitaxy; Layer (electronics); Common emitter; Nanotechnology; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.004733293065451761,"score_gpt":0.1815408765272427,"score_spread":0.17680758346179096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106901592","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.58066314,0.00014492557,0.35010335,0.00017153662,0.000253339,0.000727853,0.000030237621,0.0029255424,0.064980105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98354435,0.0000064638434,0.0160626,0.00006858688,0.00012604742,0.00008823755,0.00000796045,0.00003140245,0.00006436738],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994663,0.0000011074789,0.0001433461,0.00009597378,0.00006736861,0.00022588899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997313,0.00007613044,0.000017646928,0.00013691667,0.000014971445,0.000023014418],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049380375,0.00010647138,0.00012014632,0.00003359836,0.0000399354,0.000028903632,0.00012015264,0.00009599773,0.000012227226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011474066,0.000105225474,0.00004050291,0.00006487203,0.000036899855,0.000018303832,0.0000075333787,0.00009682026,0.000033389777],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031092975,0.000030949235,0.000051449126,0.000031223033,0.00002601625,0.0000018708489,0.000033902943,0.11489426,0.25825787,0.6200632,0.002515717,0.0040624538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034399664,0.00010679937,0.002792803,0.000011629595,0.00008917672,0.000008001584,0.00019111684,0.50080013,0.3994685,0.079021916,0.013250502,0.00081940356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000019145205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026204232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54104125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030275616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006198664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42909703},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107803638","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000a90","title":"Real-time monitoring of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene in a photoreaction chamber with a tunable mid-infrared laser and ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University of Edmonton; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Toluene; Materials science; Optics; Ultraviolet; Infrared; Benzene; Absorption (acoustics); Differential optical absorption spectroscopy; Laser; Spectroscopy; Xylene; p-Xylene; Infrared spectroscopy; Photochemistry; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.009692234455901045,"score_gpt":0.22270642566908913,"score_spread":0.2130141912131881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2107803638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97268146,0.000014503646,0.00020833334,0.0000056348495,0.000016615522,0.00017903734,0.000015029939,0.000055798922,0.026823593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98870075,0.00024097718,0.010614808,0.000003874803,0.00008358367,0.000118752854,0.000031407242,0.00003468335,0.00017118364],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892044,0.000005575921,0.0002757079,0.00035588437,0.00016329676,0.0002791109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994006,0.000050681327,0.00011423654,0.00029056592,0.000034903947,0.00010902569],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000058963917,0.00020996002,0.00027710744,0.000069540765,0.000060844664,0.000026907579,0.000068981906,0.00016493337,0.00016978344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000050869135,0.0002017224,0.000022988834,0.00012780046,0.0001123762,0.00008057731,0.000037313563,0.00019925683,0.0000056579897],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042748003,0.00022680557,0.008412934,0.00007470347,0.000033986234,0.000004191812,0.00047405643,0.000009509049,0.9888828,0.0013669349,0.000006379999,0.000080235615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010943002,0.000064678,0.03744521,0.000059665163,0.000075831405,0.00001286571,0.0003638813,0.00044377433,0.95970935,0.00051173713,0.000010731852,0.00020795093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017746261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016080503,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02917341,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000564824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027579827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82260007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107971657","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007176","title":"Fat emulsions as diffusive reference standards for tissue simulating phantoms?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Scattering; Fat emulsion; Scaling; Attenuation coefficient; Scattering coefficient; Absorption (acoustics); Optics; Mie scattering; Light scattering; Physics; Composite material; Mathematics","score_opus":0.02737714110663336,"score_gpt":0.3890283246408229,"score_spread":0.3616511835341895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2107971657","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4447227,0.00041391517,0.29648724,0.0011523525,0.0002953367,0.0024998821,0.0001465323,0.0010485733,0.25323343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88684714,0.000046580397,0.111606315,0.00045960938,0.00031473942,0.0000759657,0.000040586277,0.000037772203,0.0005712675],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987547,0.0000074422237,0.0002308468,0.0002039253,0.00031639045,0.00048674163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989829,0.00022049101,0.000063342064,0.00029573115,0.0001878192,0.00024973523],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019550593,0.00017440843,0.00030087432,0.00005785242,0.0001405907,0.000033055676,0.0000826776,0.00011843737,0.00008454422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030323493,0.00014510375,0.000047633705,0.00011085746,0.0000885114,0.00006655444,0.00005773988,0.00023484047,0.000036099846],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031695695,0.00068197923,0.0012584608,0.00027918664,0.00010903906,0.000008087327,0.0013625403,0.00001801679,0.5655071,0.39913383,0.003947834,0.027376944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003506056,0.0013061406,0.00078713,0.0002878548,0.00061583123,0.000047305533,0.0012141294,0.004840709,0.87273,0.020305417,0.09348072,0.0008786732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006801777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.8519305e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44212446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011086256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051013576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59171593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109842555","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007130","title":"High-efficiency fiber laser at 1018 nm using Yb-doped phosphosilicate fiber","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Fiber laser; Fiber; Laser; Optics; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Doping; Optoelectronics; Slope efficiency; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Optical fiber; Photonic-crystal fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Wavelength; Composite material","score_opus":0.013444140963716726,"score_gpt":0.2074805951607945,"score_spread":0.19403645419707777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2109842555","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96112615,0.00036543468,0.00078463403,0.0000151150825,0.0004788126,0.0003366191,0.000041774045,0.00040631002,0.03644516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98503125,0.000057453246,0.01160387,0.00008430932,0.0002590323,0.000034997112,0.000038896524,0.000118219636,0.0027719627],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982281,0.000006858784,0.00037025515,0.00026214743,0.00027526487,0.0008574198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904364,0.00006399895,0.000059752525,0.0005274753,0.00003537489,0.0002697349],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015664558,0.0003534719,0.00031931695,0.0000649671,0.00015603719,0.000045493776,0.00024920746,0.00020013202,0.0009876138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007238266,0.000348673,0.000090670976,0.00030686203,0.00009203205,0.00013443716,0.00019748321,0.00027314245,0.0018735757],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025439393,0.0012668534,0.0005211375,0.000771847,0.000728504,0.000049083075,0.0052853147,0.6163083,0.32535785,0.017838987,0.017560942,0.014056804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026338494,0.0000873016,0.0009068267,0.00006984825,0.00043788963,0.000104057064,0.00023630304,0.11634186,0.5993356,0.00062179996,0.27635813,0.002866562],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009124337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024202652,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4999664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023501579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018152654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109884555","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004851","title":"One-dimensional single-mode fiber-optic displacement sensors for submillimeter measurements","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Optical fiber; Single-mode optical fiber; Displacement (psychology); Fiber optic sensor; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.027832369265636536,"score_gpt":0.25313302436635043,"score_spread":0.2253006551007139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2109884555","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2578301,0.00032826493,0.7161825,0.00024543778,0.0005442551,0.0016487867,0.000050214658,0.0009871513,0.022183266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.71647185,0.000012273648,0.2830106,0.00012401339,0.0000829684,0.0000353849,0.00008353322,0.000043539134,0.00013581799],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898833,0.0000033000422,0.0002422038,0.00021175588,0.00023613576,0.00031827038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995834,0.000046757756,0.000044926608,0.00017782704,0.00006727385,0.00007980705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007596291,0.00019172455,0.00018041399,0.00005398952,0.00009113699,0.000035777113,0.00008974566,0.0000800239,0.000017674978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001561324,0.00021029507,0.00004701925,0.000101338854,0.000015368396,0.00007452725,0.000013313702,0.000092859365,0.000027369853],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048131104,0.00008001632,0.000002691729,0.00005179426,0.000042324293,3.7826774e-7,0.00008453822,0.97654396,0.013175286,0.0015145895,0.00013461862,0.008321689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025635567,0.00038766762,0.00014893632,0.00009055022,0.00023569578,0.0000044786493,0.000035437424,0.9092065,0.0774252,0.005310233,0.0035497672,0.0010419732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.0971836e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.4603423e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45864174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008856497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009538873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85755837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110471359","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.000f32","title":"All-optical logic gates using nonlinear effects in silicon-on-insulator waveguides","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Extinction ratio; Raman scattering; Logic gate; Nonlinear optics; Silicon on insulator; Self-phase modulation; Optoelectronics; Optical computing; Cross-phase modulation; Phase modulation; Silicon; Raman spectroscopy; Physics; Electronic engineering; Laser; Phase noise","score_opus":0.014430525750282515,"score_gpt":0.24729523261706998,"score_spread":0.23286470686678748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2110471359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95617795,0.00017259768,0.0010568837,0.000086499895,0.00014642064,0.00031547298,0.0000030524056,0.000276374,0.041764766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97048825,0.000052394294,0.028431863,0.00085295463,0.000117615295,0.000009289347,0.000007915456,0.00003295825,0.000006743367],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876076,0.000007792464,0.00030338718,0.00024801868,0.00018753663,0.000492482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993168,0.00023360364,0.000021538108,0.0002595708,0.000016363416,0.00015208843],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000113267626,0.0002600517,0.00032351576,0.00009040264,0.00003353398,0.000046400637,0.00017837922,0.00019076627,0.00001085614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004602558,0.00023846458,0.00005547086,0.0002019753,0.00005187486,0.00005497835,0.000027241642,0.0003114579,0.00012413657],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008192312,0.00043146277,0.00019495991,0.0002788354,0.000106972744,0.00018122591,0.00027612483,0.23446624,0.1778977,0.57847196,0.00007132536,0.0075412667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00082828605,0.00011793818,0.0031021957,0.0000758363,0.000042705466,0.000007871101,0.000036502275,0.9184091,0.06798278,0.008475062,0.00043121964,0.00049047533],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000022897264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019044757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6839429,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009027301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016053522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97243035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111811059","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.004321","title":"Step method: a new synthesis method for the design of optical filters with intermediate refractive indices","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe","funders":"","keywords":"Refractive index; Optics; Anti-reflective coating; Beam splitter; Optical filter; Materials science; High-refractive-index polymer; Refractive index contrast; Homogeneity (statistics); Refractive index profile; Coating; Computer science; Physics; Fabrication","score_opus":0.03928673141561884,"score_gpt":0.29894740010264637,"score_spread":0.25966066868702753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2111811059","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021730242,0.000020148243,0.9759861,0.00030954074,0.000059758186,0.0006875921,0.000016644928,0.000038464903,0.0011514749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.13017604,0.000013773732,0.86920625,0.0002391686,0.00008137211,0.00015939347,0.0000012541047,0.000027626324,0.000095134485],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99854547,0.00008351952,0.000356349,0.000341052,0.00033125788,0.00034234117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9909019,0.008261796,0.0002945298,0.0003079712,0.00010949364,0.00012431544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011399348,0.0002040429,0.000389507,0.00004668393,0.00020196778,0.000054306372,0.0004015955,0.00009806787,0.000051385756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068333274,0.00011962795,0.00006354292,0.00017970633,0.00026852475,0.0000966839,0.00009663004,0.00015986811,0.00001653326],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021099795,0.00021536161,0.0000342115,0.00013580672,0.00021121597,0.0000134974525,0.0050231596,0.006069569,0.8936347,0.043399565,0.0022967313,0.046856254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00078712247,0.00055282266,0.00020734551,0.000057569723,0.0003249621,0.000027030974,0.0014990595,0.022654375,0.97129923,0.0017584662,0.00048449487,0.00034752188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046542325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000050132066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1084458,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025359668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014328373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4878286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112226101","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.004109","title":"Parametric cascade downconverter for intense ultrafast mid-infrared generation beyond the Manley-Rowe limit","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Optics; Cascade; Physics; Pulse (music); Pulse shaping; Fourier transform; Infrared; Distortion (music); Mixing (physics); Chemistry; Laser; Optoelectronics; Amplifier","score_opus":0.012282357128282248,"score_gpt":0.22222760981841957,"score_spread":0.20994525269013734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2112226101","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64610964,0.000082137805,0.332068,0.0010353968,0.00037614696,0.0015693055,0.00014234013,0.0003225522,0.018294498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767546,0.0000044996,0.020967431,0.00021063356,0.00047263183,0.0003432846,0.00020665849,0.000036806523,0.0010034211],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989476,0.000007530721,0.00027584747,0.00029891773,0.0001283054,0.0003417762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914134,0.00017129302,0.0001336666,0.00044778443,0.00007591497,0.000029986706],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007675965,0.00021506073,0.00019032753,0.000081875354,0.00019595506,0.00008514644,0.00027437267,0.00010156493,0.000023713137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008359813,0.00016447545,0.0000928518,0.0002918514,0.00011682511,0.00008349846,0.00006317829,0.00021430769,0.000047122863],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014311865,0.00044691423,0.0031369696,0.000054800494,0.0003653519,0.0000053081885,0.00083230966,0.016683381,0.112290755,0.72849166,0.04525514,0.09229431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019167803,0.000102322825,0.00074723276,0.000008008894,0.00019191066,0.0000034543646,0.0016345142,0.016142806,0.76338464,0.19165221,0.023434814,0.0007812944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019132516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000057617185,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6510939,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035189612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020247986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67071146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112847438","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.005624","title":"Atmospheric refraction: a history","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Historical Geography and Cartography","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Refraction; Greeks; Ptolemy's table of chords; Atmospheric refraction; Atmosphere (unit); Kepler; Geology; Physics; Optics; Astronomy; Ancient history; History; Meteorology; Classics; Stars","score_opus":0.013512696776830991,"score_gpt":0.23784514483993896,"score_spread":0.22433244806310798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2112847438","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0047951313,0.0007801637,0.0007624271,0.0008230918,0.000498306,0.00011457674,4.7419095e-7,0.00019040226,0.99203545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9564126,0.0008351356,0.025000162,0.0017095023,0.0016596671,0.00005474936,0.0000031373227,0.000019280813,0.014305757],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916214,0.000025153871,0.00012275853,0.00016128161,0.00028376238,0.00024487826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995668,0.000044118435,0.000051226707,0.00015911086,0.000039672683,0.00013908911],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020968859,0.00007643148,0.00009397598,0.000015902553,0.00029197911,0.000014882018,0.00015116938,0.00010600896,0.0007108584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000119125825,0.00008310961,0.00008876128,0.00037926997,0.00022856297,0.00008192429,0.000012194632,0.00014097916,0.00029037133],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024138208,0.00019563551,0.00029460448,0.000005853078,0.0000322988,0.0000031832103,0.014115826,0.00009618263,0.00027006457,0.7808452,0.100345485,0.10377153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009450035,0.000010933441,0.00009720525,0.0000010396367,0.000014303198,2.1715452e-7,0.0007871259,0.000015590973,0.000008396396,0.0006802675,0.9981776,0.00011281879],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012177204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017456815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9777297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029341044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008416944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7783401},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113827556","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.005249","title":"Design and plasma deposition of dispersion-corrected multiband rugate filters","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Dispersion (optics); Optics; Optical filter; Refractive index; Polycarbonate; Fourier transform; Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Deposition (geology); Chemical vapor deposition; Silicon; Filter (signal processing); Transmittance; Inverse; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.01580225810556443,"score_gpt":0.20503307830930423,"score_spread":0.1892308202037398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113827556","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827174,0.000021109727,0.015018368,0.000056947993,0.00006783729,0.00020080377,0.000004998332,0.000041447132,0.0018710686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85356784,0.00001976107,0.1462525,0.000053847692,0.00001708087,0.000008968496,0.0000027541416,0.000010026922,0.000067206616],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992693,0.000018225497,0.0002027987,0.0001887523,0.00014612796,0.00017478177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994923,0.0001897003,0.00009207186,0.00011686939,0.00003865611,0.00007042694],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012463985,0.00010451581,0.00014843112,0.000027564925,0.000099366196,0.000051659015,0.00008030952,0.000060492726,0.000111104426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042540632,0.00008960746,0.000016771224,0.00008613725,0.00011083908,0.00006542258,0.000047102632,0.000063008294,0.000051556817],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003104802,0.000045702363,0.00003591908,0.000024024546,0.0000032717535,0.0000017728313,0.0005737911,0.00049014436,0.99470156,0.0012699035,0.00016988683,0.0026529813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055565964,0.00013269794,0.00011045683,0.000028269822,0.000028663948,0.0000066759444,0.00014341869,0.15735617,0.8412386,0.00020408818,0.000028058528,0.00016720107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008419292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011985579,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15686603,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009780563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003709101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36540863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114132533","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.001585","title":"Metameric interference security image structures","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Color Science and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interference (communication); Computer science; Filter (signal processing); Reflection (computer programming); Sensitivity (control systems); Viewing angle; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Colored; Materials science; Physics; Electronic engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.012445703222809128,"score_gpt":0.24761375059833338,"score_spread":0.23516804737552424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2114132533","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84714586,0.000008151583,0.030578656,0.00010799559,0.000050199757,0.00016928726,0.000017163095,0.000046007925,0.12187669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99186796,0.0000037887612,0.0077603534,0.00006495256,0.00010584882,0.00004269245,0.0000125817705,0.0000062177587,0.00013563404],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994383,0.0000040922623,0.000113355585,0.00018145665,0.00009340452,0.00016940746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999597,0.000025982816,0.000049220394,0.00023804953,0.000029690538,0.000060015376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000030961346,0.00009262496,0.00010487073,0.00002342608,0.00017431926,0.000028073859,0.00022653327,0.00001594809,0.00030102796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000013067184,0.00008286951,0.00003967696,0.00020164101,0.00015680619,0.00006177389,0.000071353854,0.00011297182,0.00014975491],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000059344543,0.000117464755,0.0018398381,0.0000038328303,0.000033059438,0.0000013352231,0.0016758395,0.00007938242,0.018849248,0.96543956,0.0021492185,0.009805289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011992946,0.00011360616,0.024585703,0.000008558033,0.00013101171,0.000014835198,0.004047494,0.006855702,0.16118544,0.77744013,0.022988178,0.0014300608],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032673295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011686166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18799944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000065677646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003520422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33793205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114525868","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.000e60","title":"Surface-polymer stabilized liquid crystals with dual-frequency control","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Liquid crystal; Materials science; Optics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Dielectric; Excitation; Electric field; Photopolymer; Polymer; Spatial frequency; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Physics; Composite material; Polymerization","score_opus":0.013247381057502707,"score_gpt":0.2523325990053269,"score_spread":0.2390852179478242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2114525868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98047394,0.00013673195,0.0029145426,0.0005257417,0.0001061513,0.0015103373,0.000055583627,0.0001838907,0.0140930945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98320895,0.000029729792,0.01506028,0.00033472912,0.00007190408,0.00033145095,0.000013786489,0.00006589211,0.00088326546],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99700135,0.00007444651,0.0004489183,0.0005506281,0.0009398434,0.0009848137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99815434,0.0002539547,0.00016821764,0.0007710385,0.00027902747,0.0003734384],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043540966,0.00031709732,0.00040454546,0.000054739623,0.0001719686,0.0002344384,0.0004283861,0.00009501212,0.0040551983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008837544,0.00024221398,0.00004415786,0.00024151085,0.00035825302,0.00046826986,0.00016299957,0.00019343094,0.0017581811],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035573033,0.00011836013,0.00006769164,0.000034765668,0.000026399683,0.0000127183885,0.000107262764,0.00030674363,0.9898809,0.008794887,0.00021752826,0.0000769853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0039958446,0.0009910624,0.00008386124,0.00003048956,0.00003731389,0.000010820014,0.00030602913,0.00041498122,0.99054646,0.0020565263,0.0009182921,0.00060833024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012803864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001818318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013209829,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012318717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018858173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114879344","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007509","title":"Simulation of atmospheric turbulence for optical systems with extended sources","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Turbulence; Atmospheric turbulence; Free-space optical communication; Physics; Atmospheric optics; Aperture (computer memory); Computer simulation; Optical communication; Computer science; Acoustics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.013869969438690441,"score_gpt":0.22799454379126674,"score_spread":0.2141245743525763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2114879344","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4108678,0.0011147304,0.58264184,0.000019518284,0.000088205365,0.00053810485,0.000004821248,0.00065817666,0.0040667946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86108184,0.000042646938,0.13870355,0.000003250344,0.000027215567,0.000097847005,0.0000046294317,0.000028686329,0.000010327562],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932975,0.0000033042747,0.00021771854,0.00008193942,0.00012783654,0.00023946946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990341,0.00041654203,0.00004834808,0.00039402727,0.000057779107,0.000049179438],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009777019,0.000119687305,0.0001875192,0.000012909039,0.00003455335,0.000017465623,0.00021809051,0.00011316917,0.000002190024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047631755,0.000102603015,0.000022508202,0.00015719428,0.000108024295,0.0000777743,0.000042173542,0.00010600017,0.000007977832],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013270988,0.00003885712,0.000086082626,0.000111317735,0.000029794883,4.3951115e-8,0.00008881239,0.88759595,0.0009251133,0.106771104,0.00000605507,0.004333571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024641812,0.000047431,0.0002969411,0.000023606111,0.000026543772,7.9581815e-7,0.00045098143,0.98887205,0.009155409,0.00027516804,0.00043542692,0.0001692341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.344905e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.7208242e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45021403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029916479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005818947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41840294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115219139","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004018","title":"Wavefront reconstruction over a circular aperture using gradient data extrapolated via the mirror equations","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Extrapolation; Wavefront; Aperture (computer memory); Optics; Residual; Reconstruction algorithm; Signal reconstruction; Physics; Algorithm; Computer science; Iterative reconstruction; Mathematics; Signal processing; Mathematical analysis; Computer vision; Acoustics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0401656201660031,"score_gpt":0.2653122667007819,"score_spread":0.22514664653477878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2115219139","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20286913,0.000094426025,0.78572285,0.0005100234,0.00031064765,0.0006469331,0.000107061045,0.00005636048,0.009682579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9668984,0.000003365844,0.032358382,0.00021584348,0.00020667969,0.000002648176,0.0002470793,0.000022587996,0.00004501319],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882716,0.000022619579,0.0002816641,0.00036634866,0.00018750475,0.00031472574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998845,0.00008558154,0.00015792433,0.0007726952,0.00005889944,0.00007989563],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015433393,0.00021121383,0.00018801099,0.000043934782,0.00041101413,0.00009399328,0.00026665514,0.00006720133,0.000049389182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000074883496,0.00016682321,0.000066454944,0.00017214233,0.000081768936,0.00013877515,0.00008089866,0.0002589101,0.000018680601],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006980765,0.0005270011,0.0006542122,0.00001270141,0.00063123956,0.000009133378,0.0014498706,0.003575176,0.26260054,0.5828128,0.00038509528,0.14727245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006429533,0.0000338833,0.0013749494,0.000027367558,0.0002379997,0.000012057541,0.00074987276,0.9639004,0.0005771114,0.028880462,0.003104021,0.00045893664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009475886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005433969,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9603252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048081725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048796297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68028533},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115226217","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.004156","title":"Multiplexed computer-generated holograms with polygonal-aperture layouts optimized by genetic algorithm","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Crossover; Algorithm; Genetic algorithm; Computer science; Holography; Selection (genetic algorithm); Population; Optics; Convergence (economics); Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.004958979078671558,"score_gpt":0.1840368703092287,"score_spread":0.17907789123055712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2115226217","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021254662,0.0005552418,0.9729649,0.00007160348,0.00017163738,0.00046348784,0.000038263912,0.002723529,0.0017566886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15350309,0.00011331632,0.845848,0.0001994687,0.000031202973,0.00007821317,0.00006722956,0.0001097813,0.000049701855],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844724,0.000015000179,0.00028907106,0.00040801486,0.00021607608,0.0006246118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990913,0.0001345024,0.00004673871,0.00052226626,0.00006628794,0.00013886714],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055258173,0.00042253727,0.00039122693,0.000079227204,0.00008854773,0.000077409735,0.00031383088,0.00025481306,0.000014326113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031827676,0.0003703761,0.000045271692,0.0004279628,0.00022991882,0.0000645174,0.000057955654,0.000453633,0.000051349096],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030439964,0.00016791584,0.000043215357,0.00004017109,0.0002534916,0.00008300391,0.000109210574,0.8749023,0.070209816,0.0032170692,0.0025184772,0.048424877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030786265,0.0001384189,0.000047003326,0.000024171597,0.00007586639,0.000062266496,0.00009358803,0.93597287,0.050385598,0.00074377167,0.008260308,0.0011175289],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000016121688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.141514e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13224842,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006618107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015314261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987483},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115531971","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.002577","title":"Fisheye lens calibration using virtual grid","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Calibration; Computer science; Optics; Grid; Lens (geology); Process (computing); Virtual image; Camera resectioning; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.044635757990541945,"score_gpt":0.24198645623426224,"score_spread":0.19735069824372029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2115531971","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0686718,0.0000063179705,0.8781801,0.00051125983,0.00031284633,0.00034536642,8.654183e-7,0.00044758202,0.051523894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8609071,0.0000056423432,0.13841718,0.00046890238,0.00011591695,0.000024480121,0.0000022511135,0.000008116706,0.000050393668],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911255,0.000012020138,0.00019227758,0.0002250794,0.0002275571,0.0002305472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994485,0.000031090083,0.000048726397,0.00033295117,0.00007560303,0.00006312292],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000103415754,0.00011629642,0.00011138336,0.00005237252,0.00007616992,0.0002778592,0.00045269672,0.0000743904,0.000056024517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016503514,0.00010390033,0.00002943988,0.00015600814,0.000042387648,0.0007013435,0.00015650775,0.000121699486,0.00011856216],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021042438,0.000063039064,0.00012843926,0.0000059298504,0.000010907519,8.9583983e-7,0.00016875818,0.000089231355,0.12152511,0.86386675,0.002946263,0.0111925965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040339705,0.0004198129,0.0008174338,0.000042660173,0.000021626644,0.0000063182897,0.000096972,0.65385234,0.3080292,0.03405638,0.0014724564,0.0007813769],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015609216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011530981,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8298103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034391935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002796643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42369327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115853748","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.009079","title":"Modeling of the generic spatial heterodyne spectrometer and comparison with conventional spectrometer","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Spectrometer; Optics; Michelson interferometer; Heterodyne (poetry); Fourier transform; Imaging spectrometer; Interferometry; Aperture (computer memory); Fourier transform spectroscopy; Physics; Remote sensing; Infrared","score_opus":0.008592643896199759,"score_gpt":0.1888681323910903,"score_spread":0.18027548849489053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2115853748","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92105883,0.00011172049,0.06371894,0.000017141207,0.00006231128,0.00012214572,0.000005915987,0.00003984884,0.014863128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98400766,0.000011796273,0.01584258,0.00001732198,0.00006815539,0.00000792063,0.000006898731,0.000018869456,0.00001877742],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934775,0.0000044280696,0.00019624051,0.000117309166,0.0001615514,0.00017274746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999763,0.000021271264,0.00002630586,0.00014559338,0.00001522241,0.000028572722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000041343745,0.00011749648,0.00017732586,0.000030737276,0.000033424374,0.000020254516,0.000094283845,0.000043115306,0.000020927617],"category_scores_gemma":[9.571324e-7,0.00008102742,0.00003414245,0.00009564853,0.00006848758,0.000026644677,0.00003309885,0.00011918553,0.0000038568664],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007876701,0.00016671933,0.0016737563,0.00022847528,0.0002341312,0.0000036678837,0.00012641757,0.8242877,0.08819319,0.08402541,0.000076755015,0.0009050002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040057657,0.000032055428,0.0026554812,0.000011519592,0.000048168487,0.0000057197676,0.000017569446,0.9847331,0.010717914,0.0011712305,0.00006730371,0.00013933613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022394635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052619755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16044542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019924166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006653087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33042023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116094781","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.00c172","title":"Hybrid approach for rugate filter design","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fourier transform; Filter (signal processing); Optical filter; Computer science; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.04902088495265907,"score_gpt":0.3024864991752131,"score_spread":0.25346561422255404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116094781","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05821061,0.00001701038,0.9298691,0.000018704277,0.00010232925,0.0009895574,0.000024975918,0.00007705732,0.0106906155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.48742744,0.0000044888275,0.5115583,0.0001555719,0.00011339985,0.00013496932,0.000022639975,0.000026462463,0.0005567155],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99829763,0.000014453239,0.00025250769,0.00033757696,0.00039397384,0.0007038585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910736,0.00023218877,0.00006739339,0.0003416237,0.0000823608,0.00016910148],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014197907,0.00014397317,0.00015431063,0.000054161173,0.00013302463,0.000085624306,0.00036023682,0.000039047,0.00008299938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009654178,0.00012919084,0.0000353359,0.00007850016,0.000098897115,0.000115684925,0.00013405972,0.00008350274,0.00015865844],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036661455,0.00010615067,0.0000025440943,0.000047737783,0.000008870115,0.000005821538,0.00007195133,0.0017199686,0.9822037,0.01217451,0.001279917,0.002012218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007109095,0.00012529576,0.000008948943,0.000003421704,0.000009252734,0.0000037937552,0.000052152882,0.0034483802,0.98393327,0.0065812175,0.0049252766,0.00019806185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014676441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5780543e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42921683,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007369922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046764704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52682495},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117028817","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.002923","title":"Haar transform analysis of photon time-of-flight measurements for quantification of optical properties in scattering media","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Scattering; Optics; Wavelet; Logarithm; Attenuation coefficient; Absorption (acoustics); Materials science; Haar wavelet; Wavelet transform; Photon counting; Photon; Refractive index; Physics; Computational physics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Mathematics; Discrete wavelet transform; Chemistry; Mathematical analysis; Computer science","score_opus":0.053080200548706796,"score_gpt":0.3043653285637542,"score_spread":0.25128512801504743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117028817","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96097744,0.00008033774,0.02982235,0.00012022205,0.000020341664,0.0007675012,0.000010250115,0.000032107288,0.008169461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93748486,0.000027641647,0.062375616,0.000012022509,0.0000048033016,0.00004689166,0.000017016113,0.0000140552565,0.00001709494],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988785,0.000009671549,0.00052409264,0.00016453947,0.00026387692,0.00015931381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940157,0.00006250959,0.000101480015,0.00023837903,0.00015086475,0.000045196397],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043353206,0.000106096704,0.0005282929,0.00028135956,0.000012520902,0.00000412843,0.00006545475,0.000076760545,0.0000138379655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001143997,0.00008851977,0.000110325986,0.0004341806,0.00014670442,0.000026723439,0.000005935742,0.00007626835,7.8021185e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013935607,0.0003980082,0.0021614134,0.0002782551,0.00024284302,1.8915735e-7,0.0004086269,0.00006908865,0.9895886,0.006137991,0.000005148576,0.0005704537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052253617,0.0000998584,0.0018676713,0.000092590555,0.0008303201,4.384485e-7,0.00009663794,0.004654838,0.99141455,0.00032849165,0.000013312854,0.000078745004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007965998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042243446,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032553267,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003591067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043774085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36097318},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117347628","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.000278","title":"Laser-ablated volume and depth as a function of pulse duration in aluminum targets","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Pulse duration; Optics; Materials science; Pulse (music); Fluence; Laser; Volume (thermodynamics); Wavelength; Plateau (mathematics); Physics","score_opus":0.005510464521577019,"score_gpt":0.1958779207413403,"score_spread":0.19036745621976328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117347628","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9814015,0.000043059776,0.0022224481,0.00003619987,0.00008537732,0.00015562355,0.0000043923405,0.00008491029,0.015966509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971982,0.00006366187,0.002452654,0.000031316245,0.000063262785,0.000013412317,0.000032187978,0.000019565898,0.00012569012],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994101,0.0000060023885,0.0002139456,0.00011584876,0.00008788851,0.0001662048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997786,0.000022286538,0.00003071762,0.00010768456,0.000015138488,0.000045548517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008295991,0.00010929183,0.00012952079,0.00007183046,0.000023308503,0.000014970892,0.000040600455,0.000118992204,0.000062270025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008040625,0.00011930484,0.000013921121,0.0001512206,0.000016902262,0.00010255051,0.000011121527,0.00014400306,0.000074434916],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022147184,0.00023121737,0.0013064627,0.00021475165,0.00010668354,0.000016007321,0.001282571,0.22854906,0.699434,0.010771443,0.0010189705,0.05684737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013104598,0.00013453804,0.012682522,0.000023699242,0.0000517764,0.000008723845,0.0001391702,0.4065781,0.5755365,0.00069347344,0.0024740354,0.0003670238],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010424068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022430856,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17802903,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041685216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011835266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.486511},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117728606","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.004573","title":"Porous broadband antireflection coating by glancing angle deposition","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":207,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Coating; Refractive index; Layer (electronics); Transmission (telecommunications); Optical coating; Angle of incidence (optics); Broadband; Thin film; Deposition (geology); Microstructure; Optoelectronics; Composite material","score_opus":0.009112491168927784,"score_gpt":0.23126062775542994,"score_spread":0.22214813658650215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117728606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93944097,0.000047474547,0.014502687,0.00003124069,0.00016788534,0.0001549326,0.0000054751667,0.0001261938,0.04552313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9477228,0.000004927561,0.05177608,0.00023977384,0.00006185067,0.000014930183,0.0000140447855,0.000020772559,0.0001448081],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998915,0.00002563965,0.00025923597,0.00027113318,0.00021506399,0.00031392925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995221,0.000074477444,0.00012786147,0.00014501378,0.000054062766,0.00007651532],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031098045,0.00013599891,0.0001538535,0.000024849793,0.00030219584,0.00016786343,0.00007944979,0.00008760502,0.00006299358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009101343,0.00013063576,0.000024085688,0.00016331232,0.00004631838,0.000110619134,0.000023383298,0.0001142639,0.0000988107],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000067635333,0.000038122114,0.00014359271,0.000015650805,0.0000019494494,0.0000016112161,0.00013345655,0.000056663004,0.98288244,0.015518818,0.00042894037,0.00077201717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031379872,0.00008131526,0.00004401472,0.000014638008,0.000016985896,0.000016038477,0.0001864071,0.00044140415,0.9968407,0.0013639018,0.0004805646,0.00020023849],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028417531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008341542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04537832,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004422277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002105269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53271717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117738447","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.002361","title":"Activation of microcomponents with light for micro-electro-mechanical systems and micro-optical-electro-mechanical systems applications","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Surface micromachining; Materials science; Micrometer; Microelectromechanical systems; Optics; Bulk micromachining; Torque; Light beam; Optoelectronics; Fabrication; Physics","score_opus":0.011110609254907734,"score_gpt":0.2137902651594846,"score_spread":0.20267965590457687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117738447","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25043532,0.00042138668,0.7368394,0.00053513783,0.00014736653,0.0054123015,0.00015543678,0.00015129962,0.0059023276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98243374,0.00002664188,0.015703266,0.00005327448,0.00032704673,0.001025998,0.00007776702,0.00007246441,0.00027982733],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99755496,0.00003342193,0.0007157274,0.000662987,0.00035011937,0.00068275974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99831027,0.00041322928,0.00028931216,0.00045651468,0.00020004885,0.00033063302],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021569533,0.00040008998,0.00067150785,0.00009317364,0.00020836963,0.00011928801,0.0003253425,0.00022839059,0.000030995867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011677494,0.00033353304,0.00012742153,0.00031792474,0.00008695666,0.00007797627,0.000099259436,0.0003686857,0.00003445681],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000112198584,0.00036196742,0.000020526097,0.00011951826,0.00013627706,3.0371933e-7,0.000015923859,0.000027815488,0.46379983,0.53311324,0.00020753805,0.0020848843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035779998,0.00091629307,0.000019915284,0.00017834736,0.00041758112,0.000016267522,0.00035445753,0.024737593,0.9241233,0.008903348,0.03571503,0.001039909],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016431364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5768873e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7319984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059345963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003630341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117937520","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.000704","title":"Projection approach to complexity reduction in tomographic alignment of extremely large telescopes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy","keywords":"Reduction (mathematics); Optics; Monte Carlo method; Projection (relational algebra); Telescope; Computer science; Tomographic reconstruction; Algorithm; Optical telescope; Physics; Tomography; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03727869983836628,"score_gpt":0.2570328508181555,"score_spread":0.21975415097978923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117937520","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8006174,0.000020806863,0.13473058,0.000022688273,0.00013528448,0.0006320857,0.000017260298,0.00001763412,0.06380628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9345025,0.0000013699477,0.06515728,0.000010129152,0.00021116817,0.000024251593,0.000034610108,0.000015873846,0.000042856645],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990869,0.000017733104,0.0002461368,0.00017747673,0.00015189474,0.000319871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961126,0.00000973907,0.0000976199,0.00016801676,0.000037703452,0.00007564863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023753224,0.0001319153,0.00019323385,0.000116172625,0.00006351206,0.000013265298,0.00006195533,0.000036565507,0.000009827321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000013079957,0.00013151934,0.00004548802,0.00027732336,0.000041870753,0.00007182164,0.0000549496,0.000107309825,0.000006963063],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056598004,0.001483629,0.013776011,0.00002793527,0.00006048352,8.308389e-8,0.002233171,0.00066436053,0.018181065,0.9564092,0.00013265308,0.0069748075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01335516,0.0010145948,0.33514875,0.00051669974,0.000777835,0.000022557331,0.10974471,0.047722336,0.35184216,0.10605712,0.027414521,0.0063835382],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007708263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002588301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8503521,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032501062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014377982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53632027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118377184","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.00c396","title":"Implementation of long-wavelength cut-off filters based on critical angle","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Refractive index; Wavelength; Fabrication; Filter (signal processing); Surface finish; Dispersion (optics); Interference (communication); Deposition (geology); Absorption (acoustics); Optical filter; Surface roughness; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Composite material","score_opus":0.031185064599652538,"score_gpt":0.2891778752718132,"score_spread":0.2579928106721607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2118377184","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97147816,0.0000041226745,0.0070566027,0.000121184385,0.00016352398,0.00022512031,0.00003765283,0.000058137295,0.020855485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9241651,0.0000011436106,0.07533469,0.00039354275,0.00003699679,0.000028823571,0.000008690476,0.000015227717,0.000015734437],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989389,0.000017779075,0.00029342482,0.00022471604,0.00026161855,0.0002635427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993418,0.0001791796,0.00008805991,0.00022369293,0.00007911414,0.000088173496],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024406856,0.000121139194,0.0001590644,0.000040878214,0.000072466624,0.00003015985,0.00015161159,0.000057237834,0.0012132159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000069586364,0.00010807308,0.000039349015,0.00009802737,0.00013439161,0.00005930333,0.000043382563,0.00007902238,0.00011568977],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022514455,0.0006827227,0.0021340197,0.00021024566,0.000013169044,0.000020623469,0.002025873,0.000086990716,0.38558963,0.5876963,0.0011526585,0.020162618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005536536,0.00048702708,0.0023799364,0.000022003838,0.000036167163,0.0000010356089,0.000663231,0.0023073023,0.990243,0.0030212372,0.000063027735,0.00022237447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029488623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012463402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60465336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018087345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035961708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99969983},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118587830","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.002249","title":"Long-period grating and its application in laser beam shaping in the 10 μm wavelength region","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Laser beam quality; Materials science; Beam parameter product; M squared; Fiber laser; Beam diameter; Laser; Beam (structure); Grating; Cladding (metalworking); Fiber Bragg grating; Optoelectronics; Laser beams; Physics","score_opus":0.015375461201599057,"score_gpt":0.22688742463440884,"score_spread":0.21151196343280979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2118587830","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892714,0.00015882334,0.00530827,0.00017608555,0.000024178647,0.00048379847,9.692396e-7,0.00012546506,0.004451016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963311,0.00009440438,0.0032851577,0.00013216912,0.00005618592,0.00004668438,0.000008862811,0.000024570541,0.000020844944],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991889,0.0000075231505,0.00024005053,0.0001950844,0.000117957876,0.00025048497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996361,0.00007481261,0.000034381384,0.00020958713,0.000014071035,0.00003101063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013539768,0.00015183189,0.00014554648,0.000080851176,0.000042192107,0.00002815597,0.00012338859,0.000098482626,0.0000013721894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002344457,0.00014078322,0.000013608262,0.00029723105,0.00001718142,0.00008293007,0.000014288916,0.00025965393,0.000011080046],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007016616,0.00019386716,0.0011351808,0.00021476825,0.00002937679,0.00010568383,0.014598685,0.72948325,0.02751402,0.04218431,0.00013064884,0.18434003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002121889,0.00008296332,0.026828798,0.00014405929,0.000033815257,0.000093923736,0.003416729,0.9455733,0.014701152,0.005206398,0.00073281437,0.0010641633],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000012296971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017253924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21609002,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005695685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000048565203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5740973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119487373","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.005483","title":"Intensity-invariant nonlinear filtering for detection in camouflage","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Camouflage; Invariant (physics); Nonlinear system; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Computer science; Computer vision; Orthonormal basis; Pattern recognition (psychology); Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.010824316986598156,"score_gpt":0.2235245185885169,"score_spread":0.21270020160191874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119487373","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12367126,0.000037944443,0.87116796,0.00014574242,0.00015339855,0.00036240157,0.000006220367,0.0013002261,0.003154818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6281871,0.000018232324,0.37159076,0.00003914331,0.00007114599,0.000050784103,0.0000032503915,0.000028911574,0.000010669666],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993065,0.0000011995595,0.00019168585,0.00015562786,0.00005922155,0.000285785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996536,0.00006106065,0.000016671353,0.0002149644,0.000022928343,0.00003081887],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007168293,0.00013291696,0.00015863215,0.00010069674,0.000030266785,0.000021955038,0.00012909101,0.00010193951,0.0000020075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006557265,0.00014647658,0.000026157097,0.00014905691,0.00003989333,0.00008393275,0.0000558653,0.00022451638,0.000026542966],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044353797,0.000048883343,0.00001601172,0.00011115232,0.000026469039,0.000009717986,0.00017864391,0.3507291,0.48846126,0.019306654,0.00006527487,0.14100248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003498245,0.000015212539,0.00003794731,0.00001202231,0.0000077083305,0.0000053621307,0.00009600932,0.6400979,0.35257813,0.0042141112,0.0023846184,0.00020109516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000010942642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024849776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5045158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000115050294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000035643711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5973142},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119795321","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.003632","title":"Optical Properties of Porous Helical Thin Films","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Refractive index; Thin film; Wavelength; Circular polarization; Dielectric; Total internal reflection; Reflection (computer programming); Optical rotation; Rotation (mathematics); Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.018067554013842503,"score_gpt":0.22433672134539603,"score_spread":0.20626916733155354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119795321","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804368,0.000037698646,0.000787119,0.0003262203,0.00009084291,0.000185943,0.000004846971,0.00008460371,0.018045928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9063223,0.000003914701,0.09328304,0.0002172881,0.000057117915,0.000017354125,0.0000015819447,0.00001728804,0.00008008419],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987166,0.0000075136895,0.0003700753,0.0002502438,0.0003432654,0.00031232115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999431,0.00003987469,0.00009002869,0.00024822264,0.00008230633,0.000108554355],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024386305,0.0001451696,0.00025118844,0.000024768651,0.000084617495,0.000062128325,0.00021955025,0.00010823474,0.00008066079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013675736,0.00010884933,0.00004359287,0.00011248593,0.00028788703,0.000066675995,0.0001364805,0.00014505301,0.0002799708],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025157853,0.00009591552,0.000005097354,0.000034350083,0.000002621627,0.0000027444391,0.00029486165,0.00063169614,0.7548095,0.2439122,0.00002878667,0.00015707075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042283785,0.00013535388,0.00006672378,0.00003859771,0.000017358521,0.000008414047,0.00029348597,0.00016480168,0.9915974,0.0070242807,0.00005743665,0.00017326986],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001979889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035023365,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23688792,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019679468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006641766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4438747},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120043601","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.005906","title":"Determination of the optimum cluster parameters in a clustered free-space optical interconnect","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Optical interconnect; Interconnection; Free space; Free-space optical communication; Multi-mode optical fiber; Relay; Materials science; Channel (broadcasting); Laser; Lens (geology); Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Optical fiber","score_opus":0.011418187370041912,"score_gpt":0.20948280329952282,"score_spread":0.1980646159294809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120043601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9657837,0.00007245784,0.0077916575,0.0000923723,0.00037762712,0.00037012447,0.0000049547666,0.000057869645,0.025449218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9590488,0.000019086596,0.040712684,0.00011391966,0.00001424404,0.000025582329,0.0000017077872,0.00003092061,0.000033077486],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903804,0.000025759573,0.00032460957,0.00017334343,0.0001651071,0.00027312632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917907,0.00025593018,0.000041870804,0.0004368882,0.00002487021,0.00006135973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018150674,0.00017203644,0.00022804647,0.000072984425,0.00002239416,0.000030095262,0.00030140457,0.00014223438,0.00001495858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014005376,0.00013531063,0.000071550385,0.0002515845,0.00009483921,0.00007388259,0.00006962437,0.00023767047,0.000010118254],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021116322,0.0005790823,0.0020807562,0.0011375797,0.0002593759,0.000031086274,0.0047680405,0.41831854,0.13807103,0.41926223,0.0012050498,0.01407604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040912484,0.00013087556,0.0011230923,0.00023589493,0.00014292098,0.000026495087,0.001671135,0.51296604,0.4650086,0.012209177,0.0013648167,0.0010297343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000040663967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043501284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40705305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005639403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013799834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55178076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120497987","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.009246","title":"Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy with a high depth of field using an axicon","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Axicon; Optics; Microscopy; Light sheet fluorescence microscopy; Materials science; Two-photon excitation microscopy; Microscope; Penetration depth; Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy; Depth of field; Numerical aperture; Fluorescence microscope; Resolution (logic); Excitation; Laser; Scanning confocal electron microscopy; Physics; Fluorescence; Laser beams; Wavelength","score_opus":0.008127324718721896,"score_gpt":0.27694163654662546,"score_spread":0.26881431182790355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120497987","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7804934,0.000040129362,0.21866891,0.0000059169547,0.00002342465,0.00024036538,0.000008103659,0.000026974858,0.0004928095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.60363513,0.000014469059,0.39612848,0.000050549308,0.000051133542,0.000012345314,0.000074163894,0.00002182107,0.000011906137],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990913,0.000013766886,0.0002205295,0.00032886807,0.00011746252,0.00022801918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932486,0.0000114506065,0.00014703436,0.00038110063,0.00009515089,0.00004042884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006838044,0.00017305741,0.00015679139,0.000043611486,0.000058446025,0.000019196483,0.00017886408,0.00013460708,0.0000030848273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009026288,0.00016726204,0.00002653142,0.000113262475,0.00013497661,0.000008821154,0.0000502643,0.000090356334,8.638354e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016997835,0.000091204565,0.0009849122,0.00001988376,0.000008022084,0.0000016700508,0.000020487994,0.0004960621,0.99538696,0.0022840004,0.000027545047,0.0005092886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004293691,0.0003896607,0.00040713383,0.000025425725,0.000019277035,0.0000067811075,0.000058221296,0.0002457136,0.997265,0.0008925815,0.000054515218,0.0002063119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017190131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000093073744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17745955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018953913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005543382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68207484},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120554394","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.000a36","title":"Improving imaging performance of a metallic superlens using the long-range surface plasmon polariton mode cutoff technique","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Superlens; Surface plasmon polariton; Optics; Surface plasmon; Materials science; Optical transfer function; Surface plasmon resonance; Polariton; Cutoff frequency; Plasmon; Resonance (particle physics); Guided-mode resonance; Metamaterial; Optoelectronics; Physics; Diffraction grating; Diffraction; Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle","score_opus":0.014381706741966326,"score_gpt":0.2514374570802706,"score_spread":0.23705575033830428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120554394","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905882,0.00007206484,0.0077086966,0.00004943469,0.00031949047,0.0008204854,0.00005564473,0.00008636389,0.0002996103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88043195,0.0000305728,0.11930043,0.000035590696,0.00006859101,0.000062452906,0.000008276431,0.000039625218,0.000022482558],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983806,0.00003927917,0.0004896231,0.00035993208,0.00032325587,0.00040732446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985984,0.00009097413,0.00030009108,0.0008120385,0.00011938858,0.00007908669],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010777941,0.00023542337,0.00034500958,0.000045869117,0.000333853,0.00012830728,0.00057809113,0.00011037761,0.00009369383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028175333,0.00017554096,0.000068494424,0.00021163629,0.000240144,0.00019521962,0.00019417047,0.00027147765,0.000026792253],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017502383,0.00004214917,0.0007259562,0.00007175757,0.000007704768,4.772403e-7,0.00012705302,0.0008951455,0.99416643,0.0038107403,0.0000041851367,0.00013089675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015579099,0.000013553854,0.00023700604,0.000012371897,0.00009767049,0.000019557387,0.00006623323,0.023488456,0.975411,0.00013785779,0.00015592788,0.00020455106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037000456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037496262,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.111591734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024006953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008729269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7158353},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120696652","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.002766","title":"Terahertz birefringence and attenuation properties of wood and paper","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Birefringence; Terahertz radiation; Optics; Materials science; Attenuation; Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.006159517115089386,"score_gpt":0.16473996481540995,"score_spread":0.15858044770032056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120696652","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949916,0.00054320646,0.0013611363,0.00008505767,0.0000109843695,0.000104266466,0.0000017606002,0.00013726298,0.002764738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99615276,0.00008773454,0.0036536811,0.000013979595,0.000015583999,0.00003670169,0.0000017354562,0.000009833674,0.000027978938],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997216,0.00000111706,0.00009789568,0.00007529383,0.000032618216,0.00007151538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998617,0.000007995575,0.000014138777,0.000096234,0.000009270853,0.000010643582],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000022245065,0.000059803348,0.0000659292,0.000026244115,0.00003160503,0.000008044287,0.00003659894,0.000060048806,0.000001957034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000014728316,0.000055122626,0.0000049680916,0.00005653288,0.000073759395,0.000034710687,0.000017226328,0.00005376629,0.0000028076333],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002582625,0.00001804702,0.0007612663,0.000062293766,0.000012196875,2.0393989e-7,0.00014219667,0.00022150323,0.8975571,0.044819884,0.00006650873,0.05633626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068047264,0.00003492939,0.026152115,0.000055432574,0.0000632895,0.0000138124005,0.0002655666,0.013781926,0.9263543,0.014397483,0.01773083,0.0004698705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000050984645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007327344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05586639,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000042617307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000018730335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22478354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121071985","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.003994","title":"Space division multiplexing high-birefringence-fiber loop mirrors for discriminative measurement of temperature and strain","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Birefringence; Materials science; Multiplexing; Fiber optic sensor; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Optical fiber; Fiber; Wavelength; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.02546080892175638,"score_gpt":0.24787754370561366,"score_spread":0.22241673478385726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121071985","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9553538,0.00023419359,0.04108404,0.00014150607,0.00015287231,0.0010286355,0.00008144712,0.00021555086,0.001707972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86004454,0.000028967383,0.1397723,0.000014207401,0.000026316058,0.000019296724,0.000011995736,0.00003671893,0.000045641966],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989431,0.000005765094,0.00025106137,0.00024043917,0.00027200958,0.0002876481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994677,0.00008200277,0.000059083937,0.00021224016,0.00009630238,0.000082682316],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014486449,0.00023296416,0.00026692168,0.00006817418,0.00006296894,0.00001925932,0.00010081678,0.00011686127,0.0000043985397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047136346,0.00022388055,0.000039312647,0.00012308064,0.000056843674,0.00007323656,0.000021662532,0.00016097291,0.0000024751916],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041702,0.000061518636,0.000017230372,0.00018366265,0.00007126173,0.0000024972933,0.0016883799,0.10106504,0.85469747,0.018770047,0.00004983139,0.023351347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036603485,0.00044762675,0.013078737,0.00038372196,0.00017340774,0.0000058492947,0.0028972263,0.05513982,0.91178745,0.010436621,0.00055927533,0.0014299115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001945985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004945473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09868826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007857375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009005177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9129584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121248004","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.004073","title":"High-efficiency metallic multistratum concave diffraction grating","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Diffraction; Diffraction efficiency; Reflection (computer programming); Diffraction grating; Bragg's law; Materials science; Acousto-optics; Grating; Ptychography; Blazed grating; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.01613075413940589,"score_gpt":0.24748012127413946,"score_spread":0.23134936713473356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121248004","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839992,0.000039184815,0.0051225913,0.000067888264,0.000642337,0.00021544739,0.00001102771,0.00014487797,0.009757441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9369054,0.0000036151057,0.06225414,0.00017999936,0.00033970407,0.000031894466,0.000012770441,0.000022686632,0.0002497902],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985068,0.000023335286,0.00034722406,0.00025495476,0.00031580473,0.000551899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991594,0.0001833311,0.00018997665,0.00022961793,0.00006181138,0.0001758435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004744446,0.00018907731,0.00022489725,0.000031370655,0.00026688338,0.00014878175,0.00016942473,0.00010657141,0.00021086876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014060909,0.00016044473,0.00004729066,0.0001590483,0.00011363259,0.00024062437,0.00008227795,0.00019704078,0.000505779],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056290055,0.00010158125,0.00008589247,0.000013673912,0.0000033279857,7.720576e-7,0.0002451966,0.000038968086,0.7599774,0.23886397,0.000074829186,0.0005887714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009647714,0.00017681092,0.0039796797,0.000026485846,0.0001320581,0.000020920623,0.0013330866,0.0030205534,0.98337555,0.0042410265,0.0018413378,0.0008876964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000324786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000039392817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23462294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041650586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020622978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65427464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121546741","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003940","title":"Birefringent filter design by use of a modified genetic algorithm","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Birefringence; Genetic algorithm; Filter (signal processing); Optics; Algorithm; Filter design; Computer science; Orientation (vector space); Materials science; Mathematics; Physics; Computer vision","score_opus":0.01896241050531075,"score_gpt":0.19482833532782085,"score_spread":0.1758659248225101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121546741","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09303237,0.00015523896,0.90504616,0.0000043416226,0.00009299922,0.00028293455,0.00002718324,0.00021637391,0.0011423902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.28575847,0.000052985695,0.71378475,0.000018956795,0.0000561508,0.000033410077,0.000015154593,0.00007815658,0.00020196417],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990223,0.0000066731827,0.000313633,0.00018050578,0.00017654184,0.00030033558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943435,0.00010799163,0.00004448464,0.00032698136,0.000028862125,0.000057329173],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000356487,0.00019754568,0.00020905456,0.00006154704,0.00002351868,0.000020454947,0.000119066375,0.00010396436,0.0000120624945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000050383564,0.00021307425,0.00003859326,0.00014930249,0.00004853581,0.00004557584,0.000026218255,0.000113799375,0.000031028278],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005650464,0.000032655353,0.0000048066554,0.000019249559,0.00003049151,0.0000046788573,0.00006599567,0.94029343,0.049127202,0.00058593415,0.001586271,0.008243643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005351355,0.000029061499,0.0001792826,0.000010672862,0.00004723328,0.000006054185,0.000018297305,0.83826095,0.15653218,0.0010916502,0.0028904676,0.0003990083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009857687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.9817e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1927261,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049495895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006782514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8688916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121774611","doi":"10.1364/ao.53.005367","title":"Percolation threshold determination of sputtered silver films using Stokes parameters and in situ conductance measurements","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"ZnO doping and properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Conductance; Percolation threshold; In situ; Sputter deposition; Percolation (cognitive psychology); Thin film; Optics; Oxide; Surface plasmon; Sputtering; Plasmon; Optoelectronics; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Nanotechnology; Condensed matter physics; Physics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.07552599058845108,"score_gpt":0.26661246315683673,"score_spread":0.19108647256838565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121774611","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970256,0.000031193602,0.0018470653,0.000013021507,0.00008743774,0.00014756285,0.0000013423443,0.000013865521,0.0008329003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9576822,0.000004247086,0.04222933,0.00005035082,0.000012081465,0.0000060261996,0.0000018774801,0.000007436118,0.0000064368046],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993536,0.00002599967,0.0001897179,0.00015023009,0.00016094415,0.00011949962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969137,0.000038912705,0.0000901905,0.00012168656,0.00003718667,0.0000206713],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035009193,0.000078672616,0.00013267425,0.000046439276,0.000043534685,0.000036003694,0.00006879204,0.000048589958,0.0000067269616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033643515,0.00007204655,0.000008723599,0.000055791686,0.00007276468,0.0001165266,0.000025735937,0.00004223311,0.0000035239814],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029650482,0.000012682037,0.0014351647,0.00004309725,0.0000012972333,1.2830154e-7,0.0004894382,0.004632092,0.9928157,0.00017058013,0.0000027779515,0.00036739503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046707373,0.00003945108,0.002482426,0.00006896994,0.000014981229,0.0000013842536,0.00015106959,0.080492646,0.9154121,0.000729979,0.0000057645493,0.00013411137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001796382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002044361,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07740355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019214267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010983871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29379728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121951981","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.001354","title":"Mie theory for light scattering by a spherical particle in an absorbing medium","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":371,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Mie scattering; Scattering; Optics; Light scattering; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Light scattering by particles; Scattering theory; Particle (ecology); Physics; Absorption (acoustics); Forward scatter; Biological small-angle scattering; Materials science; Small-angle neutron scattering; Neutron scattering","score_opus":0.015488971062068788,"score_gpt":0.3083486877216908,"score_spread":0.29285971665962196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121951981","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9046875,0.00011247389,0.07661274,0.003057514,0.00005598771,0.00060674944,0.0000025299148,0.00033379858,0.014530673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9289032,0.000033909946,0.069542624,0.0010341035,0.00011665213,0.00010867321,0.000011288838,0.000036068737,0.00021347059],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989973,0.0000116933725,0.00022831083,0.00024864462,0.00013298693,0.00038111076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944526,0.00008896828,0.000029379382,0.00024830858,0.000028114764,0.00015999885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027517302,0.00012958751,0.0002361247,0.000028084994,0.000045439574,0.00003565693,0.00009079515,0.0000807215,0.000045592176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004466387,0.000115692135,0.000038178176,0.00014247815,0.00007406757,0.00005723825,0.000029041963,0.00017898217,0.000013735405],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032614893,0.00050773023,0.005188783,0.000049076134,0.000018547462,0.000025387033,0.00036062408,0.00000722999,0.9697552,0.017408377,0.0009862111,0.0053667156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003216835,0.0009099607,0.0021725134,0.00013488063,0.00014765652,0.000054311015,0.0010065427,0.012171466,0.9538867,0.016076168,0.009640228,0.00058274873],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033488006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026782318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024215674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005982112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022920567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4717788},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122115776","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.007099","title":"Pupil-plane imager for scintillometry over long horizontal paths","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Scintillation; Optics; Adaptive optics; Telescope; Remote sensing; Atmospheric optics; Physics; Atmospheric turbulence; Cardinal point; Point spread function; Pupil; Turbulence; Environmental science; Computer science; Geology; Meteorology; Detector","score_opus":0.009220333764737456,"score_gpt":0.24619830618348273,"score_spread":0.23697797241874527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122115776","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5163268,0.000022405606,0.41980386,0.000023879416,0.00031941527,0.00041810365,0.0000656191,0.000039119175,0.06298083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94744426,0.0000012575009,0.050799616,0.00007336375,0.0008810638,0.0000071701197,0.00010232812,0.000049595677,0.0006413481],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987003,0.0000035644314,0.0002797036,0.0003114973,0.00018672133,0.00051819184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992786,0.00014180315,0.000118676675,0.00024751524,0.00007678131,0.00013664136],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000276922,0.00022248563,0.00023874156,0.00008545811,0.00018089642,0.00007520443,0.00011885947,0.000069570575,0.00008177047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048106717,0.00021785965,0.00011085883,0.00014135132,0.00007468869,0.00007164824,0.00006795449,0.00017486588,0.000051487725],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002907652,0.000484943,0.01742274,0.000048116835,0.00038052385,0.000031272,0.00043711514,0.00015498356,0.06303703,0.8063794,0.0027354504,0.10859767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.023929851,0.0016980937,0.13784118,0.00027337036,0.0015893357,0.000040980216,0.012512606,0.02738783,0.542407,0.12533279,0.11740035,0.009586654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018243869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042030624,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6810466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035617708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028127564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88840586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122280587","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.005100","title":"Dual-modulator broadband infrared Mueller matrix ellipsometry","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Mueller calculus; Materials science; Ellipsometry; Interferometry; Infrared; Reflection (computer programming); Spectrometer; Calibration; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Optoelectronics; Physics; Polarimetry; Thin film; Computer science; Scattering","score_opus":0.00940695560252289,"score_gpt":0.22449322721210704,"score_spread":0.21508627160958416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122280587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5661875,0.0020612634,0.056195796,0.00006595868,0.0025197458,0.00055862044,0.0000314941,0.0016893201,0.37069032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98301935,0.00010350314,0.014160426,0.00014898309,0.00055718713,0.0000124293565,0.0000308675,0.00008216557,0.0018850778],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876523,0.000006947784,0.0002913785,0.00014539434,0.00024111223,0.0005499197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923635,0.0000677459,0.000027770819,0.00033419725,0.000019853289,0.00031409148],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013571269,0.0002226867,0.00021934079,0.00018078901,0.00007388408,0.000055517266,0.000120057826,0.00022058043,0.00021021326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025018482,0.00022926473,0.000058405858,0.0005785007,0.000048463364,0.00016971029,0.00004937037,0.00027168667,0.0021944002],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012735883,0.0016634628,0.028087728,0.0014189255,0.0012657429,0.000023437864,0.0045479825,0.118587896,0.14058982,0.56284344,0.112678744,0.028165434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005000603,0.00012844092,0.024237396,0.000070411654,0.0004179164,0.000059456703,0.0010319195,0.18146871,0.09205419,0.007357901,0.68358564,0.004587432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.579242e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.879704e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5709069,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052149433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000077359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122861948","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.006763","title":"Analysis of non-quarter-wave grating by a modified Fourier-transform method","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Apodization; Optics; Grating; Fourier transform; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Materials science; Physics; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","score_opus":0.014217490526244872,"score_gpt":0.2295324625252703,"score_spread":0.2153149719990254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122861948","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06632402,0.00018515206,0.69697475,0.000045620676,0.000063679385,0.00023607272,0.00007666809,0.00015701842,0.235937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93006784,0.00008578694,0.06963874,0.000046194007,0.000019005809,0.00002684814,0.00002346266,0.000024666597,0.000067435125],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989638,0.000006403796,0.00035832604,0.00017673861,0.00020314679,0.00029162617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994262,0.0001358121,0.000043499305,0.0002681791,0.000025738214,0.000100559824],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013921862,0.00017874013,0.0004191387,0.00012918371,0.000040608516,0.00002455642,0.00013170937,0.0001228351,0.000093316565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005901493,0.0001725762,0.0001407362,0.00065577816,0.000035192897,0.000054116066,0.0000140646225,0.00017244414,0.000011708728],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045269593,0.0005034204,0.00009051096,0.0007500378,0.009167668,0.000026248472,0.00931246,0.58769524,0.15691686,0.055951998,0.0032157258,0.17632456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024484878,0.000021534484,0.000040754123,0.000005950232,0.0006093418,6.6346166e-7,0.00017715996,0.983193,0.014935083,0.00029062765,0.00028808878,0.00019297656],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008021832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009722582,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86374384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002644651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000032606133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7037453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123050389","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.006723","title":"Near-infrared digital photography to estimate snow correlation length for microwave emission modeling","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Snow; Microwave; Radiative transfer; Optics; Remote sensing; Irradiance; Infrared; Scattering; Correlation coefficient; Environmental science; Radiance; Materials science; Physics; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.025080179181361316,"score_gpt":0.22981743696331378,"score_spread":0.20473725778195245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123050389","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7684339,0.000086304615,0.22334246,0.00008022511,0.00018456328,0.00047475423,0.0000814372,0.000070626105,0.007245681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9205576,0.00003643264,0.07860261,0.00016990358,0.00006914392,0.000009054093,0.00031349657,0.0000069159696,0.00023482142],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992147,0.000002394082,0.00019480922,0.0002096395,0.00013656523,0.00024185752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995297,0.00012225182,0.000045127745,0.0001345567,0.00005881978,0.00010954038],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005482655,0.00012276841,0.00013427506,0.000021375348,0.00052561116,0.00007653398,0.00009619507,0.00005545754,0.00003527051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044795714,0.000111329406,0.000057354115,0.00024483437,0.00003657183,0.00010003167,0.000014530375,0.000065481654,0.000046763573],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013041195,0.00003555489,0.059464134,0.000017144721,0.000041560754,0.0000029034352,0.0019873644,0.897295,0.00015642782,0.0003307277,0.0035665003,0.036972284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031534073,0.000069472095,0.015401763,0.000010237142,0.000016875876,0.000003573451,0.00033776497,0.9771856,0.00007804734,0.0010695908,0.005309548,0.00020220148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004497085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000042954947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15212367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004246408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029355317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45398813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123610222","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.003346","title":"WO<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite optical films for the fabrication of electrochromic interference filters","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Electrochromism; Materials science; Interference (communication); Optoelectronics; Optics; Fabrication; Electrochromic devices; Optical filter; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Channel (broadcasting); Telecommunications; Electrode; Physics","score_opus":0.015231221346735964,"score_gpt":0.23425039623227897,"score_spread":0.219019174885543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123610222","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9004664,0.00007942099,0.0974975,0.000108266635,0.0005941639,0.00087878713,0.000095110365,0.00010028037,0.00018010582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803988,0.0000646622,0.018738097,0.0002174724,0.00021286236,0.0002537894,0.00006320783,0.000048271482,0.0000028700538],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978559,0.00006739856,0.0007013861,0.00037176843,0.00035006044,0.00065347657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981911,0.0005887318,0.00033448753,0.0005595955,0.00016939861,0.00015665755],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081163325,0.00029745858,0.00045402738,0.000089336114,0.00017244622,0.00010659954,0.0005257442,0.00016830704,0.000041882726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000081551494,0.0002390251,0.00012945983,0.00022174386,0.0002896277,0.00024422925,0.000111790454,0.00013725941,0.00024706285],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029476802,0.0001226881,0.000011172324,0.00007738245,0.000029412777,2.7752165e-7,0.00025510098,0.0001731355,0.9890347,0.008603315,0.00024529744,0.001152741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000554089,0.00011053595,0.0021334752,0.000031072876,0.00014840034,0.000010282522,0.00008212553,0.0004336741,0.9957527,0.00042989082,0.000040780735,0.00027296058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000022311667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018778695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07993241,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007349959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005910092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97471607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124139271","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.007469","title":"Electrically controlled diffraction employing electrophoresis, supercapacitance, and total internal reflection","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Diffraction; Photolithography; Diffraction efficiency; Grating; Diffraction grating; Optoelectronics; Indium tin oxide; Holographic grating; Acousto-optics; Total internal reflection; Thin film; Electrode; Light intensity; Nanotechnology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.006593064882348491,"score_gpt":0.21031649448576203,"score_spread":0.20372342960341355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2124139271","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96493065,0.0000661415,0.013321362,0.000102765516,0.000037547583,0.00020269572,6.650009e-7,0.00013635369,0.02120182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966284,0.000101743215,0.0016337961,0.00008098437,0.0001978544,0.00004961641,0.0000059053077,0.000025747686,0.0012759598],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989531,0.000008348511,0.0002819455,0.00025053398,0.0001728194,0.00033324506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945164,0.00017169733,0.000049099664,0.00013082112,0.000058953297,0.0001377723],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059564307,0.00017923367,0.00029029572,0.000043123397,0.00008153412,0.000066610584,0.00007113927,0.0001556276,0.00012917584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012468777,0.00016027635,0.00006786784,0.00014886826,0.00004341868,0.00008990777,0.000022331576,0.0004131696,0.000065127686],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016769095,0.00003636335,0.00007020825,0.000016897688,0.00006727334,0.0000017948832,0.000031121635,0.00016024464,0.9928886,0.005673938,0.00011356023,0.0007723047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006342095,0.00021720839,0.0018519079,0.00004209541,0.00026369572,0.00012176886,0.00027086202,0.33784765,0.6462074,0.005360994,0.00040673985,0.0010675566],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001954995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.98683e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34668118,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008895393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009158945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65358794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126022724","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.005240","title":"Tolerance stackup effects in free-space optical interconnects","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Tolerance analysis; Monte Carlo method; Optics; Free space; Space (punctuation); Free-space optical communication; Square root; Computer science; Physics; Optical communication; Mathematics; Statistics; Geometry","score_opus":0.006518255878284819,"score_gpt":0.19916705382282585,"score_spread":0.19264879794454104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126022724","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93073857,0.0008585052,0.0037064536,0.00019758145,0.000630366,0.0002510859,0.0000028268412,0.00026776933,0.06334687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878128,0.00024459916,0.011339328,0.0002252197,0.0001629259,0.000037799935,0.000004576734,0.00004817855,0.00012456418],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989556,0.0000073130886,0.00021422136,0.00022298498,0.00014948846,0.00045037223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923223,0.00023349469,0.00001460802,0.0003613537,0.000017133005,0.00014117485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008996052,0.00020637007,0.00026035946,0.000076828335,0.00002129078,0.000051276387,0.0002589577,0.0001510604,0.000042199852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051578038,0.0002105984,0.00003965033,0.00028632945,0.000056395264,0.000112505506,0.00006234576,0.00031009509,0.00014218423],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001503098,0.00038618347,0.0018493917,0.0010025774,0.00015029409,0.0008276231,0.0013356431,0.10583569,0.11407134,0.74038947,0.0083432775,0.025658196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012794128,0.0005175935,0.011292434,0.001114876,0.00021071202,0.00015271752,0.0016850155,0.5601639,0.26340556,0.06600819,0.07789812,0.004756741],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000748383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049794726,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67438126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006596905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000084476205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85879534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126108296","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.008239","title":"Modified point spread function for efficient high dynamic range LED backlight capable of high uniformity, high contrast, and smooth gradients","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Backlight; Optics; Brightness; Point spread function; High dynamic range; Materials science; Contrast (vision); Dynamic range; Light-emitting diode; Range (aeronautics); Point (geometry); Contrast ratio; Physics; Mathematics; Liquid-crystal display","score_opus":0.005569212480972055,"score_gpt":0.18466344256066222,"score_spread":0.17909423007969016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126108296","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63202107,0.00007357164,0.36469865,0.000031354964,0.00036119312,0.0015936617,0.000050376206,0.00017514663,0.0009949905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97762984,0.000027016327,0.021699,0.00002023003,0.00005305938,0.00033255617,0.000058384216,0.000083267594,0.00009663805],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836886,0.00001386605,0.000523892,0.0003338463,0.00024139528,0.0005181701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899554,0.00022685541,0.0001141436,0.00037180475,0.000116355266,0.0001752953],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016745125,0.00032700034,0.00054269884,0.00010429385,0.0000825736,0.000044240653,0.00016012116,0.00019427719,0.000028437198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019140585,0.00030419132,0.0000606725,0.00016578122,0.00009000892,0.00011240705,0.00004886895,0.0001516259,0.000042482196],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002536192,0.00022322939,0.000049925657,0.00097269646,0.0002653686,0.0000022875397,0.00014269474,0.6244625,0.05050264,0.31886852,0.0002834763,0.0039730854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011097556,0.00047611803,0.009158532,0.00018054235,0.00042608322,0.000009238619,0.00022508831,0.9018773,0.022709958,0.05232365,0.00016570814,0.0013502322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011534679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020208254,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3456088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016301475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011767551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999941},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126991690","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.000d74","title":"Determination of the glass wall effect in optical measurement of temperature in liquid using Mach–Zehnder interferometer","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; European Space Agency","keywords":"Interferometry; Optics; Refractive index; Mach–Zehnder interferometer; Materials science; Temperature measurement; Thermocouple; Laser; Optoelectronics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.021719762951299633,"score_gpt":0.23494174643670243,"score_spread":0.2132219834854028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126991690","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99494517,0.000085404296,0.0007752792,0.0000142762365,0.00011902676,0.00025642832,0.0000013225149,0.000013591798,0.003789503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996514,0.000005324032,0.0034180295,0.000018435052,0.000011881135,0.0000131591705,9.1395725e-7,0.00001664414,0.0000015766597],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991042,0.000025119683,0.00030644797,0.00010629718,0.00028802713,0.00016987733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996332,0.00005799889,0.000034212397,0.00018090759,0.00005066353,0.000042996668],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004407951,0.00012293523,0.0002389613,0.00007984514,0.0000060225007,0.000008539959,0.00016166926,0.00012578051,0.000002035927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005117499,0.00008933953,0.000038063154,0.00022648822,0.000049322625,0.000043165674,0.00005497332,0.00021634964,0.0000015579333],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039840673,0.00024146753,0.0015806252,0.00087857497,0.00006592623,0.00000862991,0.002033986,0.048007786,0.93409413,0.010418398,0.000014043217,0.0022580489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014606368,0.00020838846,0.0028524396,0.00031276542,0.00005065244,0.0000030365989,0.00014440776,0.31758133,0.67649037,0.000635837,0.000022443051,0.00023772068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009888723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037888884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26957354,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017322294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027390004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36431605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127202362","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.003411","title":"Calibration algorithm for Fourier transform spectrometer with thermal instabilities","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fourier transform; Calibration; Interferometry; Spectrometer; Algorithm; Computer science; Radiometric calibration; Physics; Amplitude; Fast Fourier transform","score_opus":0.00478425343544644,"score_gpt":0.18242965681081347,"score_spread":0.17764540337536702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2127202362","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12838168,0.000007323688,0.8368538,0.00010265619,0.00023827127,0.00040669003,0.00002944896,0.0002675056,0.03371263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6681633,0.0000038386434,0.33128625,0.00007419059,0.00019473379,0.000049693925,0.00003351457,0.00004387963,0.00015060563],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99946517,0.0000013563263,0.00012716596,0.00010060941,0.00010451766,0.00020118078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971646,0.00004656624,0.000009798235,0.00013748399,0.000022409009,0.000067286244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005712893,0.0001143615,0.000106087085,0.000053394644,0.00004984976,0.000049157974,0.00006653087,0.000097910044,0.000063150124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000038527764,0.00009534535,0.000028230012,0.00012181727,0.00005274049,0.00010554031,0.0000043516357,0.00017844433,0.000011789538],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000903242,0.00022590654,0.00011617179,0.00032408585,0.00027179188,0.0000027643448,0.001981996,0.014477978,0.12803969,0.32556084,0.00044024803,0.5284682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00097279495,0.000115297604,0.0001265029,0.000003694834,0.00004481659,0.0000034500179,0.00019215661,0.92554545,0.061812147,0.0029721563,0.007820942,0.00039060274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.281348e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000070993765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9110675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011967675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012146782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38880703},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128406527","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.002275","title":"Luus-Jaakola optimization procedure for phase-only sampled-fiber Bragg gratings","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber Bragg grating; Optics; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Multiplexing; Materials science; Refractive index; Phase modulation; Modulation (music); Grating; PHOSFOS; Phase (matter); Wavelength; Optical fiber; Computer science; Graded-index fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Physics; Telecommunications; Phase noise","score_opus":0.015176536982224783,"score_gpt":0.23792057066756728,"score_spread":0.22274403368534249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2128406527","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15769745,0.00012595962,0.8195644,0.00006751703,0.00029624798,0.001561423,0.00006623232,0.0012886621,0.019332075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.22436006,0.00010649747,0.77325594,0.00018072923,0.00035686733,0.00022788427,0.00022546767,0.00023544718,0.0010510865],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986175,0.0000038717117,0.00038000365,0.0003212649,0.00020808501,0.0004693093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992502,0.00014623284,0.000056026147,0.00032183505,0.00010247323,0.00012324621],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006561018,0.00031332945,0.00029387345,0.00008960662,0.00018128938,0.000030560055,0.00017826946,0.000190862,0.000055155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000066548106,0.00034355093,0.000072234456,0.00028910543,0.000073374686,0.00014372001,0.000025643845,0.00020705583,0.00006017151],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038623144,0.000070515365,0.000017319842,0.00011064293,0.000055655153,0.000004455391,0.0006760907,0.9856871,0.0045182155,0.003542175,0.0022757843,0.0030034478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005079713,0.00019303765,0.000053334865,0.000041372878,0.00012502873,0.00019971217,0.00035814353,0.94451576,0.021657178,0.0011227309,0.025323091,0.0013309187],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.894658e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015469531,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0666626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008220727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046744903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129464224","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.002754","title":"Design and performance of thin cylindrical diffusers created in Ge-doped multimode optical fibers","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University Health Network; Walsh Medical Devices (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Bend radius; Cladding (metalworking); Optical fiber; Diffuser (optics); Collimated light; Azimuth; Optoelectronics; Laser; Bending; Composite material; Light source","score_opus":0.01301490487933664,"score_gpt":0.21650431686596677,"score_spread":0.20348941198663012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129464224","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9638086,0.000050262115,0.028132578,0.00006424957,0.000013771181,0.00048111958,0.000002954404,0.00015902106,0.0072874352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79945755,0.000107280815,0.2002801,0.00002030103,0.000016495374,0.00007865737,0.0000045981474,0.000026551443,0.00000845057],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989613,0.000010504216,0.00034777055,0.00020927406,0.00016077257,0.00031035155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993451,0.00021125926,0.000028603237,0.00026161186,0.000025874217,0.000127513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015107096,0.00018183205,0.00024416787,0.00012391395,0.000032712534,0.000019007473,0.00017284643,0.00015541755,0.000016108843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012727001,0.00018471482,0.000028126524,0.00036194772,0.00016047785,0.00008344245,0.000038395745,0.00029230028,0.000027290296],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014064182,0.00029326457,0.0018379086,0.000114204704,0.00006373566,0.0000022926909,0.000815126,0.93414766,0.030711688,0.013946641,0.00006495108,0.017861888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071781734,0.000055662866,0.0071352487,0.000015943115,0.000026769967,0.0000020656214,0.00005311068,0.9677302,0.023870988,0.00012419227,0.000037337202,0.00023065406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033889266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040924397,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17214753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004405996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015167974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75324523},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130890725","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.001336","title":"Standoff determination of the particle size and concentration of small optical depth clouds based on double scattering measurements: concept and experimental validation with bioaerosols","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Bioaerosol; Scattering; Mie scattering; Optical depth; Attenuation; Aerosol; Remote sensing; Forward scatter; Indoor bioaerosol; Light scattering; Particle (ecology); Atmospheric optics; Physics; Materials science; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.02483668292978458,"score_gpt":0.22558092230272625,"score_spread":0.20074423937294167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2130890725","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99303186,0.000010936575,0.0045479573,0.000033152544,0.000016686201,0.00032581185,0.0000013255101,0.000007786276,0.002024472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889785,0.0000034293007,0.010916458,0.000057194222,0.0000069553053,0.000017517174,0.0000013735554,0.000008408338,0.000010178941],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999262,0.000015654607,0.00017556956,0.00016142079,0.00026835618,0.00011699964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996492,0.000046528734,0.000113788155,0.00013274307,0.000011980136,0.000045743534],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000090634436,0.00009484856,0.0001117987,5.0596856e-7,0.00009611981,0.000011335153,0.000063382424,0.000037483427,0.00002612761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000074143422,0.00006846164,0.000013775583,0.00008177993,0.0004968993,0.000052833013,0.0000436748,0.000041863135,7.216754e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037807325,0.00022428305,0.15857504,0.000014843944,0.0000099091685,8.0258894e-7,0.0015390734,0.00849372,0.82879716,0.0006608645,0.0000035175142,0.0013026968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017718825,0.00020377318,0.06336259,0.000015042637,0.000018088931,0.0000024392286,0.00024371779,0.005322911,0.928957,0.000011002673,0.000002419813,0.000089122455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016492848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008910803,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10015984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043836655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000130796725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27917847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131229468","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.002436","title":"Quantification of fluorophore concentration in tissue-simulating media by fluorescence measurements with a single optical fiber","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Juravinski Cancer Centre","funders":"National Cancer Institute","keywords":"Fluorophore; Fluorescence; Materials science; Optics; Absorption (acoustics); Scattering; Light scattering; Optical fiber; Attenuation coefficient; Monte Carlo method; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.0317933484530515,"score_gpt":0.2929128431027625,"score_spread":0.261119494649711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2131229468","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91408485,0.00017696594,0.032078627,0.00023588359,0.000049526385,0.0011164076,0.0000054970683,0.0001573857,0.052094832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.82645327,0.000011277585,0.17339654,0.000030088251,0.000011939775,0.000017060182,0.000027484763,0.000018894802,0.000033471897],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876976,0.000021248145,0.00034084645,0.00024663255,0.0003843444,0.000237153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999371,0.00008718077,0.000088378394,0.00023621503,0.00012728787,0.0000899578],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000239978,0.0001366191,0.0002632511,0.000042638767,0.000027730503,0.000019364785,0.0000554259,0.00009146555,0.000036905465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019843345,0.000117658994,0.000017733159,0.00024130494,0.00015105742,0.000046246547,0.000008322664,0.00017430625,0.000010930652],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007981057,0.000372354,0.0026959802,0.00005028382,0.000011892543,0.0000032664132,0.00015959446,0.00006221306,0.98798853,0.005233061,0.00009933246,0.003243697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008680997,0.00022997549,0.0005628282,0.00012305322,0.000049987248,0.0000055278983,0.00009008479,0.0011105097,0.9964226,0.00025192043,0.00015475262,0.00013066523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006096471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017687736,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1413179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008419055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055044206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47979945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131235468","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.003864","title":"Beam profile for the Herschel–SPIRE Fourier transform spectrometer","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Swedish National Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Spire (mollusc); Optics; Spectrometer; Bolometer; Physics; Space observatory; Imaging spectroscopy; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Imaging spectrometer; Beam (structure); Wavelength; Spectral imaging; Remote sensing; Observatory; Fourier transform; Spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Detector; Infrared; Astronomy; Geology","score_opus":0.009108276612497008,"score_gpt":0.2164985454622457,"score_spread":0.2073902688497487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2131235468","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09742613,0.00004432593,0.6801023,0.0015004638,0.00022281709,0.0028236646,0.00014734654,0.00006512495,0.21766783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96879005,0.0000031326292,0.028262286,0.00012124476,0.00043246508,0.00090552034,0.000043649594,0.000023412505,0.0014182241],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933535,0.0000019943495,0.00016543003,0.00012040017,0.000119157536,0.00025768022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955666,0.00008950658,0.000060448205,0.0001859938,0.00006695336,0.000040457722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000052608357,0.00013470971,0.00013878437,0.00001535781,0.0002791255,0.000081770304,0.000129943,0.00002128586,0.00022689816],"category_scores_gemma":[9.722205e-7,0.00008820027,0.00010659422,0.00007660232,0.00005481369,0.000091910646,0.000027749498,0.00010027745,0.0002023702],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018027678,0.00018103323,0.00016952153,0.000033001743,0.00065188005,8.660949e-8,0.0024075673,0.00018261267,0.0011927888,0.65195334,0.036473274,0.30673686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0058808066,0.0005505645,0.0028383913,0.000026733453,0.00065026706,9.966827e-7,0.036866847,0.07348241,0.026644748,0.43879816,0.41278943,0.0014706581],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012029152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.3374292e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87136394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008828982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015482397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35967025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2131325279","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.004770","title":"Strong dependence of rain-induced lidar depolarization on the illumination angle: experimental evidence and geometrical-optics interpretation","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Scattering; Backscatter (email); Polarization (electrochemistry); Physics; Mueller calculus; Depolarization; Geometrical optics; Polarimetry","score_opus":0.04254127645033454,"score_gpt":0.25584849243713714,"score_spread":0.2133072159868026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2131325279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834111,0.00019419513,0.0123064695,0.00014912942,0.000059702783,0.00019683303,0.0000038997628,0.000016989421,0.0036617098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982352,0.00010752912,0.0014727399,0.00009393488,0.000034150795,0.000002966641,0.000029758818,0.000003144481,0.000020544247],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897194,0.000053012853,0.00023328523,0.00017972906,0.00043115113,0.00013087434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912673,0.00045285936,0.00015679575,0.0001355829,0.000078213714,0.000049794253],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004216814,0.00010090764,0.00011151384,0.00014780204,0.0001367274,0.000067315945,0.00013904997,0.000053075728,0.00011633394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023003717,0.00007692054,0.000028477396,0.0005435419,0.00005947348,0.00020574221,0.000011572268,0.000094629984,0.000018266666],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005809122,0.0003822982,0.43875647,0.00008855502,0.0002671286,0.000010555783,0.008106042,0.026985222,0.17087743,0.034883108,0.000060653096,0.31900164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007107262,0.0007113181,0.41851446,0.00015349183,0.00019247115,0.000007229858,0.0066420683,0.47158813,0.099422745,0.0014907317,0.000028287988,0.0005383464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045279547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057701312,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4446029,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009700424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001929647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31367287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134449799","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.005651","title":"Optical tests of a 37-m-diameter liquid mirror: behavior under external perturbations","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Ball (mathematics); Mercury (programming language); Materials science; Vibration; Refractive index; Physics; Acoustics; Geometry","score_opus":0.018436289260749125,"score_gpt":0.25659779244806646,"score_spread":0.23816150318731732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2134449799","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92466277,0.000016500917,0.015808385,0.000057864483,0.0000532973,0.00023157032,0.000029344596,0.000022148355,0.05911814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93265533,0.0000035902378,0.065873876,0.00007279291,0.00012725027,0.000021221222,0.000024971714,0.00003364991,0.0011873265],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892825,0.000010066974,0.00031543235,0.00024843818,0.00020220183,0.0002956054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993423,0.0000926215,0.000080306265,0.00029597944,0.00007051213,0.00011824006],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000619158,0.00019270038,0.00023948583,0.000036331974,0.000099143865,0.000035626,0.00013132188,0.000064152,0.00093161745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021023613,0.00018472678,0.00011261552,0.00010222074,0.00014028749,0.000058968497,0.000041353986,0.00018213963,0.000121020435],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002067269,0.0015012108,0.0025897813,0.000015484095,0.0001950889,0.000009711978,0.00085274776,0.0011950858,0.18251906,0.77072275,0.00015288318,0.040039454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017870557,0.0041759564,0.4283395,0.00067980116,0.004573401,0.00009063635,0.0066895764,0.035096347,0.3396349,0.13503101,0.018417306,0.00940099],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004061768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036988213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63569176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020755493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004523441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134922376","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.004577","title":"Core-offset small-core-diameter dispersion compensation fiber interferometer and its applications in fiber sensors","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Transverse plane; Interferometry; Extinction ratio; Offset (computer science); Optical fiber; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Graded-index fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Core (optical fiber); Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.02980850812412514,"score_gpt":0.24606570450753634,"score_spread":0.2162571963834112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2134922376","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98746437,0.00010455728,0.0032610942,0.00005611955,0.00006255397,0.000727061,0.000019380861,0.0002463155,0.008058554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9617965,0.00008827757,0.037378725,0.00011058953,0.000064189015,0.00005395377,0.000087094515,0.00005824233,0.00036237977],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987977,0.000007757251,0.00036187493,0.0003375434,0.00014572326,0.00034941075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992737,0.00019528456,0.00005256379,0.00032518612,0.000037980913,0.000115254334],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008101369,0.000285807,0.00028107106,0.0001871802,0.00005617329,0.00003486652,0.00013372702,0.00017512277,0.000080404774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017505185,0.00029394153,0.00004275216,0.00031179585,0.000044524684,0.0000938969,0.000039323455,0.0002911278,0.00026960563],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030848698,0.00064999313,0.0013861168,0.00052172126,0.0003165147,0.000052621068,0.007090594,0.55154324,0.2117643,0.049273446,0.0013270051,0.17576595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006887153,0.00052300945,0.039957035,0.0003572795,0.00039813237,0.00012792324,0.0017527259,0.8386341,0.060104646,0.014796372,0.03162816,0.0048334994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013097491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005639252,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2870908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000106220854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000051403053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2135008014","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.006470","title":"Software field widening of a Fourier-transform spectrometer using a large focal plane array","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Spectrometer; Cardinal point; Detector; Fourier transform; Physics; Pixel; Noise (video); Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.015835548036249307,"score_gpt":0.24864226402372322,"score_spread":0.2328067159874739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2135008014","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6159232,0.00004534278,0.34246695,0.00007522006,0.00003295015,0.00014107034,0.000057243567,0.00012807052,0.041129943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8995864,0.000026959111,0.099815995,0.000110161745,0.00015247619,0.000029342642,0.000038682316,0.000030241386,0.00020973267],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988809,0.000002699749,0.0002942255,0.00024602053,0.00022196148,0.00035417528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992463,0.00015560466,0.000095560354,0.00038660635,0.000029475685,0.00008642927],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060873263,0.00016979722,0.00024634335,0.000048422673,0.00017947989,0.000012035669,0.00020155543,0.00015867138,0.00082419516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021426791,0.0001778676,0.000088743225,0.00015808272,0.0000645134,0.0000460557,0.000028984996,0.00028164271,0.000020784277],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020013713,0.00036365548,0.0018665468,0.00021804722,0.00018585134,0.000032348296,0.0017042173,0.00016761437,0.98084545,0.012268496,0.00055333326,0.0015943128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007818725,0.000044286393,0.000040969015,0.000031213734,0.000085058404,0.00007373844,0.000280429,0.0013931791,0.99208575,0.002048764,0.0028486007,0.0002861307],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019747456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000145266995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28366318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043970624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000062988096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9024359},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136137684","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.007788","title":"All-optical switching of a single wavelength in a silicon-based ring-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Optical switch; Materials science; Resonator; Silicon; Raman scattering; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Mach–Zehnder interferometer; Insertion loss; Raman spectroscopy; Physics","score_opus":0.02211963554966967,"score_gpt":0.23254097232346407,"score_spread":0.2104213367737944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2136137684","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9543854,0.0001241227,0.0064866077,0.00003501917,0.00017217209,0.00019532433,0.000003292389,0.00014607541,0.038451973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878808,0.000007322706,0.011719934,0.00023986679,0.00005540419,0.00003145409,0.000007078005,0.000052361796,0.0000057321768],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859875,0.000011994221,0.00044057335,0.0001760576,0.00020159174,0.0005710039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992332,0.00024931907,0.000042952834,0.00027918952,0.000020485595,0.00017485299],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021311751,0.0002330652,0.00035637818,0.00014814557,0.000017126182,0.000024813766,0.00019154674,0.00017029856,0.00004586848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032225693,0.00022184028,0.00007507965,0.00022187263,0.000042335683,0.0000943461,0.000059139424,0.00032511103,0.00004321467],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017139429,0.0014867559,0.0021145868,0.00089586776,0.0003241107,0.00001690792,0.002277553,0.009037624,0.9024424,0.056080732,0.000057046487,0.025095055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00285948,0.00015914842,0.019661212,0.00022763814,0.00018670864,0.00001355122,0.0004952454,0.6156602,0.35795486,0.0007982097,0.00086495833,0.0011187884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008850485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014166476,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6066226,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001121133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015109902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9046384},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136203233","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.005503","title":"Characterization of atmospheric aerosols from infrared measurements: simulations, testing, and applications","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Cirrus; Aerosol; Materials science; Infrared; Spectral line; Infrared spectroscopy; Trace gas; Spectroscopy; Optics; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Meteorology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.021780850649946466,"score_gpt":0.20747214353650292,"score_spread":0.18569129288655645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2136203233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804644,0.00004985168,0.01472243,0.000015646723,0.000024553741,0.000296918,0.00012823702,0.000044499742,0.004253455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9438691,0.00001593292,0.055518933,0.00007336308,0.00008457333,0.000006005418,0.0003949809,0.0000044233634,0.000032697822],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992782,0.0000054441007,0.00023465656,0.0001924061,0.00016116328,0.00012814319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994623,0.00008811453,0.000148703,0.00017522795,0.000053997548,0.000071632974],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000046906684,0.00010965374,0.0001340306,0.000001560261,0.00011166768,0.000032056072,0.00010350473,0.00006705929,0.00017838062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002971975,0.00010824364,0.000014553102,0.00024158155,0.00007670391,0.00008998751,0.000011376761,0.00006460719,0.000019117335],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003127475,0.000094131676,0.20694233,0.000054247088,0.000056443838,8.125553e-7,0.0002478519,0.056403577,0.7170364,0.00037866857,0.000005001824,0.018749256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030936264,0.00015085116,0.7104302,0.00011526823,0.00019997045,0.0000059834056,0.0003156281,0.01228776,0.2470112,0.024203507,0.0011205851,0.0010654405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017961283,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5034879,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000051496186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043346052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4414048},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137319723","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.002006","title":"Recovering the frequency dependent modulation function of the achromatic half-wave plate for POL-2: the SCUBA-2 polarimeter","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Achromatic lens; Polarimeter; Optics; Physics; Polarimetry; Polarization (electrochemistry); Modulation index; Modulation (music); Waveplate; Frequency modulation; Telecommunications; Acoustics; Radio frequency; Pulse-width modulation; Scattering; Computer science","score_opus":0.014277208471851821,"score_gpt":0.1984708226809147,"score_spread":0.18419361420906288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2137319723","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40114865,0.00018515036,0.5752216,0.0009871908,0.0009763723,0.00155626,0.000020975216,0.00021219825,0.019691592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949464,0.000012059475,0.0045339568,0.00029334123,0.00010822687,0.00001368712,0.000008546869,0.000022417902,0.0000613171],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992239,0.00001684718,0.00026796683,0.00010693615,0.00019190462,0.00019247731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993598,0.00014859308,0.000063100895,0.0003652989,0.00003462554,0.000028601751],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002473675,0.00012872591,0.00011775024,0.000037515427,0.0001726742,0.00005173722,0.00017663295,0.00009497648,0.000010147809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048411377,0.00007179172,0.00007797263,0.00023952642,0.000037430953,0.00007628357,0.000022558894,0.00018770953,0.000013231316],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006415567,0.000098558965,0.00020701296,0.00016407428,0.00024292716,3.2485818e-7,0.00078093697,0.40737614,0.28066137,0.27864182,0.00025590704,0.031506777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009176809,0.00013166234,0.04062721,0.000049546285,0.00027548787,0.000006495009,0.00027899456,0.85003316,0.03102553,0.0758186,0.0004109887,0.00042462553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000052805435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005380194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5937978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049515576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011293409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29275814},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138836818","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.005849","title":"Reducing the effect of integrating sphere speckle when characterizing the instrument line shape of a Fourier-transform hyperspectral imager","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Speckle pattern; Optics; Hyperspectral imaging; Speckle noise; Fourier transform; Integrating sphere; Line (geometry); Speckle imaging; Physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.0066668275128124585,"score_gpt":0.20716807955660327,"score_spread":0.20050125204379082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138836818","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704642,0.000121479665,0.0049486896,0.00072819204,0.00012931958,0.00041713007,0.0000068247027,0.000086306674,0.023097802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845126,0.000043801057,0.015162855,0.00007866322,0.00013501645,0.000006065601,0.000006414093,0.000022823133,0.00003175504],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910474,0.000014349401,0.0003488624,0.00011194324,0.00019328357,0.00022684464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947923,0.00013219136,0.000063913765,0.0002562844,0.000024723862,0.000043646804],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027919057,0.00016565424,0.00024273426,0.00003816738,0.00007728927,0.000034929868,0.00021553307,0.000070855356,0.000054005268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035852063,0.000098128585,0.00008375199,0.00025282303,0.00007472836,0.0000641554,0.00001880701,0.0003214742,0.000009060408],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007392292,0.0000561297,0.00011804393,0.00021525813,0.00013057848,0.0000016640128,0.0033092247,0.00607867,0.78707963,0.019621959,0.00008215333,0.18323274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069371273,0.00035673688,0.00073433336,0.00011813277,0.0001210293,0.0000065985937,0.00094795483,0.15693748,0.8386188,0.00089563493,0.00031226547,0.00025728683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000042843812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010690951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18297546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034344703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000106587095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40015674},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138863163","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000447","title":"Lunar absorption spectrophotometer for measuring atmospheric water vapor","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Water vapor; Remote sensing; Calibration; Optics; Environmental science; Atmospheric optics; Materials science; Absorption (acoustics); Infrared window; Precipitable water; Absorption spectroscopy; Infrared; Meteorology; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.03848605702570932,"score_gpt":0.19379228219957237,"score_spread":0.15530622517386306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138863163","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.321327,0.000057500823,0.56048983,0.00001772692,0.0004574742,0.001204855,0.000005284684,0.002125074,0.114315264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90422446,0.000030059215,0.09525832,0.00005615564,0.00008080979,0.00017345001,0.000012191413,0.000045924844,0.0001186187],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993987,0.0000023491436,0.00016004784,0.00011582936,0.0001074451,0.00021563817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997462,0.0000052967107,0.00001355455,0.00016009982,0.000027062955,0.00004775778],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010702256,0.000118339,0.000107362925,0.000016993059,0.000033769393,0.000021835496,0.00007879239,0.00006655272,0.00010147971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021689718,0.0001011592,0.00004816742,0.000052065836,0.0000123112195,0.000059466238,0.00001215133,0.00006477659,0.000056009645],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034473134,0.000036875816,0.00001933755,0.0000837395,0.000048558388,0.0000012655536,0.0005831382,0.00020199933,0.98692644,0.008307908,0.0011095307,0.002646757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031066593,0.000037087735,0.0001172106,0.0000061932474,0.00002812097,0.0000019405188,0.00003082462,0.007691196,0.9815658,0.0022750464,0.007712845,0.00022308955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014645988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015589894,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5828975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004765274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036330528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41251528},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139079166","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.00c201","title":"Design and manufacture of metal/dielectric long-wavelength cutoff filters","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Wavelength; Optics; Cutoff frequency; Dielectric; Sputter deposition; Thin film; Cutoff; Interference (communication); Optoelectronics; Optical filter; Transmission (telecommunications); Sputtering; Physics; Telecommunications; Nanotechnology; Computer science","score_opus":0.007482798867234005,"score_gpt":0.19046639575912902,"score_spread":0.18298359689189503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2139079166","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7624807,0.00031712302,0.2316932,0.00003016904,0.00018814036,0.00041237607,0.0000073197616,0.0007236376,0.0041473657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9232205,0.00017529525,0.076491326,0.000011728351,0.00002169321,0.00001526792,0.0000025265692,0.00003680784,0.000024841489],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993135,0.0000034455245,0.00016502374,0.00014572364,0.0001298536,0.00024248104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948084,0.00013467607,0.00003583055,0.00028391051,0.000019138006,0.00004561044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008863113,0.00017154869,0.00021119864,0.00011278178,0.000027051161,0.000013743659,0.00018172928,0.0002277144,0.000014960948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003282716,0.0001588334,0.000024136802,0.00015522368,0.00010272923,0.000029819637,0.00004788891,0.00040801358,0.00000822687],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028183093,0.000062401916,0.00008581609,0.00036041226,0.0003431751,0.000032829957,0.00029982347,0.028805537,0.76347405,0.024251396,0.0014039901,0.18085237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039199265,0.000057270176,0.00072270696,0.0000084127605,0.00011296492,0.000033230117,0.00009597469,0.14722085,0.84652406,0.0038550633,0.0005723318,0.00040512288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.1246363e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.572084e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18044724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000142787885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010604609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6477038},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140645812","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.004663","title":"Surface imaging using a noncontact divergence-ratio axi-vision camera profilometer for laparoscopic and endoscopic applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Profilometer; Optics; Divergence (linguistics); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.014352157329012733,"score_gpt":0.276903292759829,"score_spread":0.26255113543081626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2140645812","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5290059,0.000040573927,0.4680716,0.000186449,0.000047702488,0.0013444689,0.000017216073,0.000103701386,0.0011823806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7321677,0.0000034736656,0.26749697,0.00003869788,0.000051683113,0.00015644432,0.000015984007,0.00002023121,0.000048794762],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990359,0.000005737755,0.00021783244,0.00033067635,0.00009272986,0.00031714034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993308,0.0001280046,0.000101711514,0.00029419403,0.000079283855,0.000065981156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004218512,0.00018084914,0.00022010051,0.000036081383,0.00023592894,0.00010981052,0.00013068784,0.000045392386,0.00002693313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071688582,0.00016859693,0.00003470709,0.00013508859,0.00012914721,0.0001680814,0.0001077153,0.00013226646,0.000026540602],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017769427,0.00022024107,0.048039887,0.00008529499,0.000119573124,5.656584e-7,0.00025747274,0.0024682726,0.4437713,0.42059016,0.00027947166,0.08415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004560378,0.00026903694,0.0063815946,0.00015705926,0.00035513187,0.0000033400686,0.0030840377,0.27922383,0.35709605,0.3416642,0.0052012797,0.0020040704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055873963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.7963724e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27675554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003200957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022655127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68751836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141771697","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001645","title":"Transparent superhydrophobic surfaces for applications of controlled reflectance","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Total internal reflection; Contact angle; Reflectivity; Reflection (computer programming); Fresnel equations; Nanoscopic scale; Surface energy; Adhesion; Drop (telecommunication); Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Refractive index; Composite material; Computer science","score_opus":0.04055997187641764,"score_gpt":0.2926229234163351,"score_spread":0.2520629515399175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2141771697","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9293602,0.00048939354,0.06342765,0.00010118742,0.00019082792,0.0016407634,0.00007376655,0.000084688094,0.0046314956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807509,0.00006017558,0.017950557,0.00008457882,0.00008079519,0.0008577917,0.000024585324,0.000024033374,0.00016654692],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986425,0.000029891096,0.00047693003,0.00023865563,0.00023340162,0.0003786359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989321,0.00028220256,0.00013821175,0.00040859444,0.00011439416,0.00012446675],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055507536,0.00016490636,0.00042863324,0.00004890921,0.00013729562,0.000022535341,0.00026536858,0.00009316886,0.00019876064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024228704,0.00014485994,0.00010241666,0.00017819072,0.00013737899,0.000088150504,0.000018752524,0.00006331928,0.00010003227],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020906852,0.00023544904,0.00014960387,0.000046737972,0.000013690921,2.987898e-8,0.00056182424,0.0010769683,0.96761096,0.029859148,0.00007730776,0.00015924386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033790842,0.00005272385,0.00028433462,0.000007438808,0.00009236447,0.000001412628,0.000413665,0.003020206,0.98572624,0.0010299401,0.005679704,0.00031286123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006801059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000050154226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051390707,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000367767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043419837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59072167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142219272","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006457","title":"Fast fiber-optic tunable filter based on axial compression on a fiber Bragg grating","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; Optics; Fiber optic sensor; Optical fiber; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.007910682750320287,"score_gpt":0.20260534487509385,"score_spread":0.19469466212477357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2142219272","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5218765,0.00003607719,0.014744489,0.00010107175,0.000548947,0.0009754842,0.0000706018,0.0014359687,0.46021083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8961586,0.0000022543722,0.09964142,0.00022461619,0.000469027,0.000080852195,0.00012205851,0.00020380627,0.003097409],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982071,0.000014675401,0.00039251702,0.00039786598,0.00039978814,0.0005880712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988921,0.0003216608,0.000072562325,0.00056845596,0.000035037432,0.00011016312],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007919993,0.00041127365,0.00032330523,0.00013789553,0.00014546605,0.00007195509,0.00020213435,0.00020236676,0.0003556782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017531838,0.00040712612,0.00008572601,0.00023512327,0.00005641266,0.00006998944,0.000038743918,0.0004541197,0.0009332926],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047283746,0.000077303295,0.0000073232914,0.000047896618,0.000013186715,0.00002078511,0.0000426683,0.98559797,0.006281998,0.0023701875,0.0023411023,0.0031523032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001981276,0.00016641618,0.0003119021,0.00019376038,0.000049319708,0.000008101,0.000060726605,0.9427267,0.042243395,0.0007821093,0.010525308,0.00095102726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065315917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024151316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45711342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000139896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001454152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142444829","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.007500","title":"Assessment of integration of off-axis Fresnel lenses into a free-space interconnect","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Collimated light; Fresnel zone; Free space; Optical interconnect; Interconnection; Zone plate; Fresnel number; Polarization (electrochemistry); Fresnel equations; Free-space optical communication; Physics; Computer science; Optical communication; Refractive index; Telecommunications; Laser","score_opus":0.011856922521065587,"score_gpt":0.25344451121866945,"score_spread":0.24158758869760386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2142444829","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9355044,0.00022967086,0.0312325,0.000017348511,0.00019321621,0.00015107701,0.000010318923,0.00007464357,0.032586876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9541846,0.00010000628,0.045587994,0.000022955795,0.00004565556,0.000005489299,0.000010368985,0.000023771134,0.000019152434],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913174,0.0000052274186,0.0003774132,0.0001298431,0.00018021907,0.0001755661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992552,0.00022063754,0.00007043184,0.00031869794,0.00007496654,0.00006010002],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022367029,0.00014426505,0.00026196087,0.00010543918,0.00001634246,0.000011530457,0.00019874495,0.000105859006,0.00003522669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004635153,0.00013211153,0.000058900318,0.00018200497,0.00007458245,0.000065341694,0.00005171135,0.00015373387,0.0000036247056],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018102231,0.00007246034,0.00027588118,0.00022458595,0.00009544963,0.0000024846963,0.0007348486,0.0018593804,0.82666636,0.1543262,0.00021545484,0.015508795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068395474,0.00017823289,0.004721188,0.00012509017,0.00007754812,0.000001859623,0.0026561178,0.03044605,0.9559568,0.004004947,0.00081471604,0.00033350772],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004712821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017281344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15032125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004674583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015663192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53873515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142445824","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.00e112","title":"Wavelength modulation spectroscopy with a pulsed quantum cascade laser for the sensitive detection of acrylonitrile","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Demodulation; Quantum cascade laser; Laser; Modulation (music); Amplitude modulation; Wavelength; Spectroscopy; Frequency modulation; Absorbance; Pulse-amplitude modulation; Optoelectronics; Physics; Pulse (music); Telecommunications; Radio frequency; Detector","score_opus":0.017112153046515595,"score_gpt":0.23417594105625042,"score_spread":0.21706378800973483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2142445824","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8578145,0.000007991013,0.1313641,0.000038851704,0.000034010023,0.00054549484,0.00006556958,0.00008909393,0.010040382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928673,0.0000168733,0.006518878,0.000032056658,0.00012038148,0.00028779852,0.000033230986,0.000035919697,0.000087585184],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915564,0.000005205009,0.00021261646,0.00024203959,0.00015011523,0.00023436736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990995,0.00019199016,0.00016518902,0.00039662342,0.00010128758,0.000045436493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009805308,0.00015942207,0.00016649325,0.000032019998,0.00018977128,0.000014249972,0.00012916482,0.00011060938,0.000049161605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013108331,0.000117955715,0.000056240187,0.00016926107,0.000107524655,0.0000425334,0.000019847334,0.00016852439,0.000008744272],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007474803,0.00015423534,0.000042156003,0.00005302392,0.00013699943,7.7065886e-7,0.001118604,0.00029461112,0.9784258,0.016453823,0.000024423367,0.002548051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006198263,0.00006675652,0.00048131993,0.000007589364,0.0001325865,0.000005076333,0.00094603637,0.08432856,0.911317,0.0018173319,0.00013827729,0.000139627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000057834008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006567931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13505279,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052978325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003810712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48100945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143278047","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.007540","title":"Compact double-grating coupler between vertically stacked silicon-on-insulator waveguides","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Grating; Optics; Coupled mode theory; Blazed grating; Materials science; Coupling (piping); Diffraction grating; Waveguide; Photonics; Photonic integrated circuit; Optoelectronics; Guided-mode resonance; Silicon on insulator; Silicon; Physics; Refractive index","score_opus":0.020233101086553393,"score_gpt":0.2455005541458664,"score_spread":0.225267453059313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143278047","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8805641,0.00007536961,0.0010748749,0.0001637638,0.00010166615,0.0002883173,0.000028796996,0.00051357545,0.117189564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99548906,0.000028547465,0.0036798408,0.00028879306,0.00034645587,0.000013851508,0.00003092291,0.00006568484,0.000056830766],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984886,0.0000054017623,0.00042627746,0.00024844322,0.0003034025,0.0005278812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906075,0.00025125605,0.00003362761,0.00035760345,0.000038446982,0.0002582872],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014039605,0.00028871445,0.00035980542,0.000056492463,0.00009550178,0.00009145618,0.0002470408,0.00016123524,0.00008087244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016577736,0.00026430452,0.00007154138,0.0001647543,0.000078868296,0.000094437375,0.000036093028,0.00033859888,0.0004052254],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025157287,0.00035320662,0.0033104722,0.00037832893,0.00090119865,0.000021987906,0.0012726573,0.3049568,0.06455566,0.6004055,0.0041799312,0.019412681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004172541,0.00016123758,0.015347797,0.00010134655,0.00020627628,0.000004410613,0.0002281535,0.8027191,0.14804596,0.0012912842,0.026216406,0.0015054821],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000040861814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005985815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59911424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000107791384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025867343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999809},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143342438","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.003912","title":"Modeling the instrument line shape of Fourier-transform spectrometers within the framework of partial coherence","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Physics; Fourier transform; Tilt (camera); Optical path length; Spectrometer; Optical path; Planar; Coherence time; Coherence length; Laser; Computer science","score_opus":0.014455309830943066,"score_gpt":0.22200618514699622,"score_spread":0.20755087531605315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143342438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89717245,0.00020283452,0.08901636,0.00039983392,0.00012230032,0.00035395598,0.000009529258,0.000058467504,0.012664285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9646044,0.00010954004,0.035076454,0.000081675484,0.00008488136,0.000020905916,0.0000015676518,0.000016421454,0.0000041791645],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913293,0.0000053877407,0.00034904818,0.00009539805,0.00022481277,0.00019240686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995053,0.000115060815,0.0000425625,0.00027547643,0.000021118609,0.000040515155],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019989701,0.00012364837,0.00018002435,0.000018404222,0.00004413759,0.00001421296,0.00029807238,0.00007824789,0.000035981986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012562758,0.00007431386,0.00005326063,0.00014748443,0.00010973825,0.00003698309,0.000030293695,0.0002898034,0.000007870654],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024546667,0.000027753424,0.000004377856,0.000047766443,0.00007845852,2.400594e-7,0.0011184111,0.8544732,0.0026058252,0.1328117,0.0000031731583,0.008804576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013763657,0.000032833177,0.000007841423,0.000029444396,0.00004551837,8.6697435e-7,0.00030821335,0.9497731,0.04468247,0.004796119,0.00009883136,0.00008715205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065782624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012178433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12801558,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022282407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019089875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3030431},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143798294","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.003987","title":"Fabrication of polymer waveguides between two optical fibers using spatially controlled light-induced polymerization","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nautical Research Society","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Fabrication; Photopolymer; Optics; Refractive index; Optical fiber; Waveguide; Polymer; Laser; Optoelectronics; Microstructured optical fiber; Coupling (piping); Polymerization; Photonics; Multi-mode optical fiber; Plastic optical fiber; Composite material","score_opus":0.021009654356617804,"score_gpt":0.23831718885382827,"score_spread":0.21730753449721046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143798294","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9268428,0.0001457033,0.03837586,0.00003501017,0.00014299872,0.00036712977,0.000006856561,0.00016605451,0.0339176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910549,0.000038627863,0.008572673,0.00003637449,0.00018357892,0.000016762711,0.000026205142,0.000046491805,0.000024403173],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986677,0.00001315958,0.0005451461,0.00019399123,0.000279353,0.0003006189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999297,0.00014794871,0.00010188595,0.00025626624,0.00007130225,0.00012556312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009585592,0.00021319525,0.00048459877,0.00010437549,0.00008314499,0.000017069602,0.00016368451,0.00014102626,0.00002379017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003257122,0.00020540092,0.00008661459,0.00025974607,0.00007232792,0.00009230749,0.000033816617,0.00014158865,0.000018919327],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008077363,0.000060693237,0.00037894907,0.00006267476,0.00025532022,0.000004679221,0.00041479233,0.011729778,0.9588935,0.025219975,0.000011051202,0.0028878187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023051263,0.000041756004,0.0010578325,0.000021789017,0.00017352082,0.0000048069173,0.0000455903,0.19887033,0.79697126,0.00016102733,0.000026832047,0.00032012982],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024641564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020102855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18714055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053014213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005548734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83760065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144014349","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.002649","title":"Investigation of relaxor PLZT thin films as resonant optical waveguides and the temperature dependence of their refractive index","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Thin film; Optics; Lead zirconate titanate; Titanate; Grating; Diffraction; Optoelectronics; Ferroelectricity; Ceramic; Composite material","score_opus":0.007707699632089398,"score_gpt":0.20415458045295085,"score_spread":0.19644688082086145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144014349","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97270304,0.0005885865,0.00033187846,0.00022265287,0.000035673158,0.00027095046,0.000008025868,0.000047268397,0.025791906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942692,0.00027985018,0.0052511245,0.00013341113,0.000019619576,0.000009518331,0.000004118252,0.000012034467,0.000021131093],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991998,0.00001701886,0.00029530702,0.00013959143,0.00019645446,0.00015181441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992427,0.00034802422,0.00006543557,0.0002239328,0.000055845303,0.00006403046],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002740862,0.00014111993,0.0002499647,0.00003213903,0.000046669866,0.000018644865,0.00016098545,0.00017769924,0.0000069721586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000085608386,0.00008853812,0.000035401685,0.00014562234,0.0002897741,0.000068964975,0.000034471333,0.000344193,0.0000023398247],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032438492,0.000030107405,0.000109225686,0.00013918751,0.00009608996,0.0000051723273,0.003859753,0.004423611,0.18140875,0.80491656,0.00009840245,0.004588776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00197684,0.00020332476,0.015884114,0.00019469384,0.00011561906,0.000025742886,0.0033101435,0.22060353,0.688841,0.06826047,0.00015731671,0.00042720846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000103353805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004001308,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73665607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014193859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028072349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.361048},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144190098","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.001697","title":"Optical phase and intensity modulation from a rotating optical flat: effect on noise in degree of polarization measurements","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Polarizer; Polarization (electrochemistry); Intensity modulation; Phase modulation; Physics; Detector; Degree of polarization; Light intensity; Phase noise; Noise floor; Materials science; Noise measurement; Acoustics; Birefringence; Scattering; Noise reduction","score_opus":0.02478111005356514,"score_gpt":0.2502879920479233,"score_spread":0.22550688199435814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144190098","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9485317,0.0000203769,0.047816005,0.000036749872,0.00007016156,0.00027230024,0.0000062057657,0.000083095125,0.0031633975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803571,0.0000041591934,0.01943851,0.00007674231,0.000044158496,0.000003874568,0.000053260224,0.000019990299,0.000002222049],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989578,0.000014710895,0.00034828857,0.00020338628,0.00026738938,0.00020838535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995143,0.00012658865,0.000036755966,0.00016621168,0.000044891254,0.00011128738],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020595128,0.00017430558,0.0002814577,0.00015160054,0.000032815693,0.000030856416,0.000067740344,0.00016219556,0.0000051468214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016419108,0.0001780467,0.000028304985,0.00029283954,0.00003808442,0.0000846986,0.000018510555,0.00024088273,0.000011618686],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030073748,0.00025895925,0.005635977,0.00006173817,0.000042677697,0.0000042624138,0.00022141005,0.04807857,0.82823205,0.010585357,0.0000065713816,0.10657167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003180616,0.0004491278,0.11872217,0.000087360146,0.000057373487,0.0000012640712,0.000024860374,0.75929224,0.116588466,0.0012794747,0.000002739238,0.00031428723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037397695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002114432,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7116436,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047957306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006813752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72605336},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144479630","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.00g143","title":"Improved cascaded sum and difference frequency generation-based wavelength converters in low-loss quasi-phase-matched lithium niobate waveguides","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Lithium niobate; Optics; Ripple; Wavelength; Converters; Materials science; Waveguide; Bandwidth (computing); Power (physics); Physics; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.01156045212832577,"score_gpt":0.22344916118889263,"score_spread":0.21188870906056687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144479630","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9640261,0.00014308591,0.03309619,0.00043937835,0.00016193453,0.0005029569,0.000015002612,0.0008230424,0.0007923106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9477563,0.00016531517,0.051610567,0.00025867796,0.00007022104,0.00004921014,0.000036409245,0.000040306168,0.000013005122],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984216,0.000013692123,0.00048069074,0.00036807792,0.00016167201,0.00055424345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923724,0.00013436186,0.000052640484,0.0004196,0.00004092413,0.00011521501],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013628404,0.00035105765,0.00041309797,0.00013565843,0.00006115548,0.00008712179,0.00024657708,0.00033304727,0.000006368202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054866126,0.0003464524,0.00003916061,0.00029599768,0.0001555137,0.000075487966,0.000032352767,0.00041928148,0.000008405267],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012644326,0.00097640156,0.00095518754,0.000519012,0.00016536676,0.00014551346,0.0011697625,0.025264332,0.6824256,0.11029048,0.0003608897,0.17760101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015046624,0.0001398169,0.00071236177,0.000036949623,0.000020160172,0.0000028931875,0.00009089156,0.95853466,0.03564898,0.0028601743,0.0000098554465,0.00043859775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014051655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003059451,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93327034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011448442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003115527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989873},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145371965","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000c98","title":"Charles Keith Carniglia (1944-2006): in memoriam","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Engineering physics; Art history; Art; Physics","score_opus":0.012174460195154977,"score_gpt":0.21386761265092152,"score_spread":0.20169315245576655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2145371965","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8627043,0.0004795521,0.009835195,0.00002413796,0.0018807272,0.00034325113,0.0000069212183,0.0003395177,0.124386415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916312,0.0000879498,0.007830298,0.000045594414,0.0002736595,0.000015867176,0.000005605138,0.000047433725,0.00006236093],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988201,0.0000042157963,0.00028050973,0.00017044053,0.0002579867,0.00046672835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995539,0.000063004634,0.000019371473,0.00022469093,0.000025713705,0.0001133017],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003431473,0.00018008362,0.00021097902,0.00008211088,0.00003208557,0.000026623487,0.00014649138,0.00012897264,0.000030955736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001957153,0.00018118699,0.00003168324,0.00025399646,0.000027433998,0.00004707456,0.000026365607,0.00022433588,0.0001463002],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042428295,0.0011320988,0.081995346,0.0009915977,0.0006308445,0.0004999667,0.005865308,0.40456498,0.11699676,0.16804573,0.006231926,0.21262117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015698181,0.00036729436,0.3195579,0.0005614329,0.0003829709,0.000031174764,0.0060204724,0.10208424,0.31936234,0.015496318,0.21245496,0.007982713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000091614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008359929,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30248073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009523406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010638212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73885906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147590016","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.002516","title":"Low-cost high-sensitivity strain and temperature sensing using graded-index multimode fibers","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":214,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Multi-mode optical fiber; Sensitivity (control systems); Refractive index; Strain (injury); Optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Physics; Electronic engineering","score_opus":0.009304979213832878,"score_gpt":0.22338077407905826,"score_spread":0.21407579486522538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2147590016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88536334,0.00002635211,0.11296024,0.000015088058,0.0002595632,0.00033506355,0.000024961204,0.00037161325,0.00064379716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86095005,0.000015549345,0.13864936,0.00008301475,0.00017285677,9.3130717e-7,0.000018423092,0.00009764562,0.000012187633],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851096,0.000011699154,0.0002967354,0.00034520298,0.00022537982,0.0006099988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914336,0.00024008387,0.000049993334,0.00032681823,0.000043441036,0.00019627571],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026106546,0.00034658477,0.0003145337,0.00012349518,0.00013387852,0.000059961003,0.000059099133,0.00028552767,0.0000024481812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002614405,0.00039162417,0.000040568666,0.00025551376,0.000115689036,0.000107547334,0.000043281438,0.0005183365,0.00000809616],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023787568,0.000016330392,0.000046483197,0.00006317614,0.000050933995,0.00013488956,0.00056636933,0.48531866,0.4989291,0.0011872104,0.000015597967,0.013647439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001712056,0.000016269954,0.00465568,0.0001048958,0.00009290268,0.00022678841,0.001607156,0.7992097,0.18997703,0.0009156192,0.00014101203,0.0013408771],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015201744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005010969,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31389105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001518488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001422802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148000536","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.003060","title":"Theoretical investigation of the optical trapping properties of a micro-optic cubic glass structure","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Cube (algebra); Levitation; Trapping; Materials science; Computation; Optical tweezers; Square (algebra); Optical force; Refractive index; Corner reflector; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.006140743631587133,"score_gpt":0.1827453111204187,"score_spread":0.17660456748883158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148000536","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98613745,0.000030665426,0.00014519137,0.00018071082,0.000055425648,0.00031326094,0.000022203563,0.000012825676,0.01310226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99529356,0.0000016817723,0.0044457763,0.00003345926,0.00009603252,0.000011549457,0.000008659632,0.000022900436,0.000086378685],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893105,0.000025078425,0.00037693954,0.00018045979,0.00026048292,0.00022599378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937564,0.000039990882,0.00011453981,0.00035238915,0.00005796087,0.000059496284],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008498605,0.00017273464,0.00024318344,0.000027611139,0.000068515204,0.000023114535,0.00028413555,0.00007309215,0.0004301548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000057172324,0.000118461874,0.0001066844,0.00020300236,0.00084562914,0.000043456424,0.00007309657,0.00021599412,0.000009238568],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002081586,0.000048141374,0.0005299425,0.000051429302,0.00005619904,1.4556639e-7,0.0005996209,0.00041879257,0.3191876,0.6778572,0.000009658303,0.0012204418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004342554,0.00004535498,0.0007759013,0.00007877897,0.000116010124,0.00000211314,0.00049946,0.0022421803,0.91730434,0.07827074,0.000035318266,0.00019557503],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000046345444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.7695333e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5995865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015941905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066031906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4830735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148132434","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.001188","title":"Superstructured fiber-optic contact force sensor with minimal cosensitivity to temperature and axial strain","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; Birefringence; Fiber optic sensor; Optics; Optical fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Contact force; PHOSFOS; Graded-index fiber; Plastic optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Fiber; Composite material; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.006234119097507617,"score_gpt":0.19895748395790233,"score_spread":0.1927233648603947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148132434","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99070185,0.00004808716,0.00075121794,0.000046426852,0.00014770687,0.00052082946,0.000091208705,0.00026878755,0.007423887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89524776,0.000003595234,0.10409319,0.00014876931,0.00025992634,0.000016915721,0.000025288988,0.00009262607,0.000111911744],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998664,0.000011715411,0.00019723813,0.00026719665,0.00021365554,0.0006461735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912906,0.00014638949,0.000025897296,0.00030622224,0.00003392414,0.00035852776],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008469622,0.00036017125,0.0003456754,0.000057277102,0.00009446568,0.00005410107,0.000079848076,0.00019730575,0.000023456829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014322322,0.00032998377,0.000031291424,0.00013797513,0.00008513649,0.00014304351,0.000036699446,0.00037504436,0.000049477298],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038835278,0.000058680067,0.00017631026,0.00018143965,0.00028422658,0.000076824814,0.0045491513,0.03492072,0.89666307,0.060065806,0.00023922826,0.0023961933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.022410471,0.002705604,0.056019578,0.00045521467,0.0017750014,0.0046207705,0.024934724,0.036675725,0.8107285,0.0017302287,0.023517195,0.014426966],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000029915773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010110805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10334197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007912201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001232221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148392615","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.001200","title":"Rigorous coupled wave analysis applied to transmission efficiency of diffractive beam array relays for free-space optical interconnects","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Diffraction efficiency; Physics; Free space; Free-space optical communication; Diffraction; Polarization (electrochemistry); Scalar (mathematics); Fresnel number; Relay; Fresnel zone; Fresnel diffraction; Aperture (computer memory); Holography; Transmission (telecommunications); Optical communication; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.010922379295955402,"score_gpt":0.24057575304676926,"score_spread":0.22965337375081385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148392615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5615654,0.000012420819,0.43005624,0.00046141024,0.00004886214,0.0009328518,0.00003057496,0.000069495894,0.006822731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.71888435,0.000002678165,0.28054288,0.00019655883,0.00008997006,0.00015379037,0.000015089448,0.000030252942,0.00008445238],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974922,0.000014566611,0.00069443666,0.0006905045,0.00049734354,0.0006109602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978418,0.0007911009,0.00025578818,0.00059015834,0.00019823805,0.0003229498],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061872194,0.00033053043,0.000735884,0.00018941588,0.00019838236,0.00009273034,0.00046845042,0.00020575788,0.00012594085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028338117,0.0002804438,0.00021109702,0.0006999058,0.00016862068,0.00009081172,0.00011927139,0.00021209354,0.00005953556],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032714094,0.0003202361,0.000003956329,0.000047189762,0.00006429108,8.719143e-7,0.0017177277,0.0119273225,0.9320062,0.051655516,0.00007332603,0.0018562123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012757623,0.0004911652,0.000080236874,0.000027679389,0.0005935892,0.0000018579638,0.0007500281,0.024626955,0.96923095,0.0019356235,0.0005120999,0.00047406784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013485784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002142006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15731893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009114457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053748183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999648},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148810568","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.005367","title":"Digital in-line holography of microspheres","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":181,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Holography; Opacity; Digital holography; Materials science; Position (finance); Particle (ecology); Resolution (logic); Micrometer; Light intensity; Image resolution; SPHERES; Wavelength; Physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.00881286599442516,"score_gpt":0.20833467884143533,"score_spread":0.19952181284701018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148810568","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62271595,0.00006899318,0.00082171836,0.000009444958,0.000037103247,0.00009210538,0.00006210225,0.000014897377,0.3761777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998183,0.000005769645,0.001370839,0.000024541998,0.000034713477,0.000008909012,0.000024764078,0.000011599773,0.00033585404],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939436,0.0000021228082,0.00020229956,0.00014998876,0.000056652207,0.00019459313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996892,0.000026664893,0.00006388617,0.00016771401,0.000016620339,0.000035885267],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000022363847,0.00011095233,0.00016229993,0.000059295016,0.000018423765,0.000035676523,0.00013215507,0.00003598222,0.00012826578],"category_scores_gemma":[8.5067967e-7,0.000107546,0.000088026296,0.00029265165,0.00014126582,0.00008353384,0.000040243387,0.00008991876,0.000042004805],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006408214,0.0027541104,0.24253903,0.000048730755,0.00019068773,0.000008097239,0.00056607224,0.00025252957,0.030827403,0.45738143,0.0025507743,0.26281705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01577327,0.0014832509,0.050710186,0.00025895055,0.0002421793,0.000011091695,0.0062735993,0.00075788156,0.4880414,0.3713982,0.06078982,0.0042601437],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003582527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.905895e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.457214,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002007325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000032180583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4385599},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149463205","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.002019","title":"Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":440,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nutrition International; Université Laval","funders":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Computer science; Software as a service; Inversion (geology); Satellite; Software; Algorithm; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Geology; Software development","score_opus":0.0269661047966137,"score_gpt":0.18958748053947846,"score_spread":0.16262137574286475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2149463205","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.953433,0.000031849744,0.0026055663,0.00027887768,0.00014130695,0.001110488,0.000017283885,0.0000743037,0.042307317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98186886,0.00003067267,0.014549304,0.00029932914,0.00011644385,0.000016649179,0.000110587396,0.000008024899,0.0030001304],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900484,0.000009509401,0.00025629,0.00023210041,0.00018007612,0.00031719805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950045,0.000046840516,0.00006265579,0.0001745097,0.000068748304,0.00014680815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013818174,0.00014998495,0.00020347495,0.00004072542,0.00013678936,0.00011146289,0.00016261986,0.00008772097,0.0004642379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025224772,0.000112658054,0.000050753566,0.00009588771,0.00004231235,0.00012186411,0.00006825058,0.00009695208,0.00018695329],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016510007,0.00029735695,0.055856455,0.0015327171,0.0003177791,0.000012801788,0.0013992451,0.3026218,0.006988932,0.060531754,0.061712455,0.5070777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004861136,0.000095761774,0.000795712,0.000008097956,0.000018473558,0.0000018965736,0.00011259304,0.99359244,0.0005796715,0.0027017025,0.0014134678,0.00019405058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00050337915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004567445,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69097066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007205571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043784014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50830793},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2149693523","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.007144","title":"Performance evaluation of a thermal Doppler Michelson interferometer system","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Michelson interferometer; Interferometry; Doppler effect; Optics; Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Remote sensing; Astronomical interferometer; Intensity interferometer; Physics; Satellite; Wavelength; Geology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.020510870974927976,"score_gpt":0.22141344745685101,"score_spread":0.20090257648192303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2149693523","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8931849,0.000086450906,0.00006149625,0.000021842428,0.000072038325,0.00014735843,0.000006092041,0.000024190815,0.10639561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99473464,0.000015527483,0.0050091795,0.00005326963,0.00009984707,0.0000031123056,0.000022744418,0.0000035357968,0.00005814587],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917674,0.000019705994,0.00020196619,0.0001235543,0.00031346263,0.00016457665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964243,0.000027382723,0.00008601992,0.00015335137,0.000052068026,0.000038765767],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042452334,0.00008736323,0.00012370241,0.000010468385,0.000044059725,0.000013982188,0.00011949382,0.00004978327,0.0010355666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000030766948,0.00006883883,0.000026873011,0.000102559694,0.00003389766,0.00008896552,0.000008625247,0.000063476546,0.00042434744],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014042802,0.000050076924,0.06889794,0.00012320721,0.00007805905,7.6069637e-7,0.0012951026,0.12316149,0.0031588024,0.00046074428,0.00019986753,0.8024335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062298396,0.000109559645,0.14338224,0.00002766639,0.000112843176,0.000008113125,0.00076736277,0.849634,0.0047193537,0.000010581571,0.00041753586,0.00018777263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002775446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000033910328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80224574,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000914523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026566147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987763},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151984506","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.002155","title":"Optimization of multilayer mirrors at 134 nm with more than two materials","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Stack (abstract data type); Materials science; Lithography; Optical coating; Reduction (mathematics); Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Thin film; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.017395744966227127,"score_gpt":0.22327122729281762,"score_spread":0.2058754823265905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151984506","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74224335,0.000033190412,0.24985649,0.00000906107,0.00012005354,0.0005353755,0.000019438941,0.00029328227,0.006889772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7689191,0.000023206765,0.23080373,0.000011508655,0.000023728306,0.000039858507,0.000019537838,0.00006313762,0.00009615908],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990166,0.000008250761,0.00031423976,0.0001795529,0.0002213437,0.00026004686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994462,0.00005374377,0.000070585134,0.0002971358,0.000049063896,0.0000832654],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000056774927,0.00020312412,0.00030445334,0.000047862566,0.00005531206,0.000007089623,0.00012504331,0.000089174995,0.000054886867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000075837756,0.00017763882,0.000024747013,0.00015815411,0.0000897965,0.00006680571,0.00003446166,0.000065979235,0.000039322596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004872421,0.000019405374,0.00017320515,0.000069276095,0.000035049892,0.000009891077,0.00024050371,0.91249704,0.08533172,0.0015150341,0.000025731837,0.00003440678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025542476,0.00010426697,0.0013953705,0.00008739197,0.00008885421,0.00008187668,0.00019158814,0.232841,0.7614823,0.00008857774,0.00023504074,0.00084951264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007733332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004097326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.679656,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077349854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009441876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7243901},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152225917","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.005979","title":"Pupil plane imager for estimation of turbulence over long horizontal paths","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Scintillation; Optics; Telescope; Physics; Turbulence; Pupil; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Atmospheric optics; Coherence time; Coherence length; Plane (geometry); Remote sensing; Geology; Meteorology; Mathematics; Detector; Geometry; Laser","score_opus":0.008427630026262765,"score_gpt":0.24253081681861852,"score_spread":0.23410318679235576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2152225917","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42281085,0.000008960184,0.56646997,0.000007497408,0.00008272564,0.0002250482,0.0000382168,0.000010772751,0.010345946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90206486,7.6146665e-7,0.09750912,0.0000141514065,0.0001934589,0.000004421687,0.00009640365,0.00001976237,0.00009707706],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920356,0.0000025416548,0.00024664844,0.00017045424,0.00013316775,0.00024362229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947,0.000115091134,0.00014540732,0.00015465025,0.000058898582,0.000055960933],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016950225,0.00013061393,0.00016956782,0.000036457437,0.00007113025,0.000020982663,0.00007123188,0.00004242867,0.000021162428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000043713044,0.00012904347,0.00005988211,0.00006135604,0.000054882505,0.000058534333,0.00003182376,0.00008512465,0.000007991147],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002952664,0.00039991096,0.0036530215,0.00008422549,0.00018982899,0.0000072301277,0.0008264579,0.006319768,0.045628417,0.78650934,0.00044691775,0.15563959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007129686,0.0007564867,0.036382962,0.00021055616,0.00053228193,0.000007449375,0.002889766,0.31178132,0.5449853,0.09109476,0.00191838,0.0023110765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017596869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017707983,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6954146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018064924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021662343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.526224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152946937","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.008052","title":"Transfer matrix analysis of the unidirectional grating-assisted codirectional coupler","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Coupled mode theory; Grating; Optics; Coupling (piping); Transfer-matrix method (optics); Transfer matrix; Refractive index; Modulation (music); Waveguide; Physics; Limit (mathematics); Power dividers and directional couplers; Matrix (chemical analysis); Hybrid coupler; Diffraction grating; Materials science; Computer science; Acoustics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics","score_opus":0.014132574385940054,"score_gpt":0.28182215889625506,"score_spread":0.267689584510315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2152946937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9072584,0.000012028347,0.033977944,0.000062538726,0.0001958734,0.00014114667,0.00018483335,0.000015758216,0.05815147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99789673,7.088781e-7,0.0005433007,0.000016839727,0.00007790466,0.000008558172,0.00007088192,0.0000056129525,0.0013794856],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990382,0.000011247381,0.00021217843,0.00015094366,0.00039729348,0.00019009755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994851,0.00012884577,0.000041166208,0.00018847737,0.00009916612,0.000057277713],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033250047,0.000079912104,0.00013800463,0.00011036166,0.00018271484,0.000040466948,0.00014203868,0.000025594421,0.00057308044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005541917,0.000056845023,0.00017153201,0.001193791,0.00016207363,0.000047215093,0.000026850885,0.00010095934,0.0000054818242],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010394353,0.0002866417,0.06628696,0.000008104298,0.0013282709,3.5207697e-7,0.00025167284,0.0061289985,0.04080207,0.88038915,0.0012223038,0.0031915118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016729168,0.000056834328,0.6728491,0.000015540345,0.0015525366,0.000001465204,0.0046238466,0.011530285,0.28586957,0.01028179,0.010916622,0.00062949985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007674429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006519777,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87010735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016556793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007710683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6274829},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153061687","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.004587","title":"Quadrant kinoform: an approach to multiplane dynamic three-dimensional holographic trapping","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cegep de Saint Jerome","funders":"","keywords":"Holography; Optics; Computer science; Optical tweezers; Computation; Diffraction efficiency; Multiplexing; Lens (geology); Holographic display; Physics; Telecommunications; Algorithm","score_opus":0.011053424025196953,"score_gpt":0.23933081621621108,"score_spread":0.22827739219101412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2153061687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82255673,0.0000148148165,0.14520545,0.000036663416,0.00016214377,0.0005060941,0.00003344156,0.00009730408,0.031387363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92681926,3.9643535e-7,0.07244598,0.00013412158,0.0001877892,0.00003388363,0.00024786105,0.00004811728,0.00008257051],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99819285,0.0000087362605,0.00037319583,0.00045034176,0.00032862066,0.0006462742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906594,0.000054771215,0.000095194744,0.00044572176,0.00005205581,0.00028630052],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035998801,0.00029498362,0.00026925327,0.00017725796,0.00018502057,0.000058302183,0.000301508,0.00009640652,0.00003670251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002075779,0.00028465403,0.00009971812,0.00036727957,0.00009652189,0.000085996,0.00011273653,0.00029303646,0.00009413004],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039044788,0.004558756,0.016060615,0.000107472726,0.00060107623,0.000035243862,0.0020464715,0.02580186,0.08367053,0.79476535,0.0002467135,0.07171548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016396591,0.0021757619,0.25135896,0.00022034177,0.0010810136,0.00013255315,0.015043521,0.53125536,0.033014588,0.13078299,0.007233837,0.011304504],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004659279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020537644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66398233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033086653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026956492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153424450","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.005802","title":"Terminal reflections in fiber-optic image guides","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Optical fiber; Terminal (telecommunication); Computer science; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.013826856809792405,"score_gpt":0.26552583207663805,"score_spread":0.25169897526684565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2153424450","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10765951,0.00015118156,0.08763707,0.00015641679,0.00023637131,0.00071356277,0.0000062753493,0.0010944571,0.80234516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.76207,0.0000134711645,0.23733602,0.000049910377,0.00009934851,0.00003212885,0.0000039361266,0.00003117235,0.0003640065],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990094,0.0000071079226,0.00031592793,0.00018034448,0.00013132293,0.00035590804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953604,0.000066999346,0.000021342024,0.00026708993,0.000020128686,0.000088379464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009469973,0.00017293493,0.00020201899,0.000099132354,0.00004219661,0.000037603437,0.00014299569,0.000098811885,0.00004612674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023941115,0.00018406358,0.00003440949,0.00030981115,0.000032287324,0.00009667347,0.000013574711,0.00021573615,0.00043437755],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006699014,0.00033237718,0.000055351105,0.0002379853,0.000070706854,0.000533498,0.000686425,0.33016744,0.35894826,0.24120288,0.002715297,0.06498278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010544888,0.0016094135,0.022314403,0.0008732884,0.00046173707,0.0013707152,0.0019240865,0.4789403,0.15669051,0.23809116,0.0775063,0.009673205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000010266416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004673145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80198115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013612796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010184655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7505895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154098886","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000407","title":"Parameter selection methods for axisymmetric flame tomography through Tikhonov regularization","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Numerical methods in inverse problems","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Tikhonov regularization; Deconvolution; Curvature; Regularization (linguistics); Rotational symmetry; Blind deconvolution; Algorithm; Applied mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Inverse problem; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Geometry","score_opus":0.11054801003505775,"score_gpt":0.39106809777169455,"score_spread":0.2805200877366368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154098886","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.002351721,0.000046476507,0.98412466,0.000066701316,0.00037389764,0.0011335866,0.000004612587,0.00030793584,0.011590409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007133426,0.00005982157,0.9913086,0.00028342725,0.00019118123,0.0004111974,0.000015081106,0.0000961298,0.0005011225],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980445,0.00016153943,0.00058185286,0.00048570163,0.00026140516,0.0004650096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958159,0.0031249188,0.0003083299,0.00046221373,0.00019909644,0.0000895974],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009400325,0.00029116933,0.000471411,0.00024989684,0.0002842402,0.000038007354,0.00024926724,0.00029004883,0.0000332323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016288285,0.0002820985,0.00020229597,0.0017785621,0.00016312489,0.00013692175,0.00007365606,0.00027591764,0.00002002562],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008581136,0.00028736098,0.00010832902,0.00020549113,0.00020886427,0.0000010660303,0.00084893,0.0001296233,0.01138905,0.9387892,0.0023400725,0.045606222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063633075,0.00013437374,0.000021779102,0.00001093588,0.00014046,0.000021492559,0.000060608643,0.009666586,0.06146044,0.9182254,0.009249532,0.0003720471],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000032099567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.3062355e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05007139,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008772988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041375853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999631},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154263997","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.003306","title":"Black layer coatings for the photolithographic manufacture of diffraction gratings","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Photoresist; Layer (electronics); Diffraction efficiency; Diffraction grating; Coating; Diffraction; Optical coating; Optoelectronics; Aluminium; Refractive index; Surface finish; Composite material; Grating","score_opus":0.025048755203389905,"score_gpt":0.24268704287463233,"score_spread":0.21763828767124244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154263997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.984016,0.00005771717,0.0073218136,0.0006840944,0.00017324513,0.00075958116,0.000032077376,0.00008182141,0.006873629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9770771,0.000028049317,0.021757934,0.00044753763,0.00012124811,0.00008768631,0.0000047635936,0.000026112039,0.0004495652],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986925,0.000013432212,0.0003847252,0.00026938465,0.00028502886,0.0003549214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985892,0.0006144541,0.00031005856,0.00030398893,0.00012068766,0.000061591025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038580675,0.00017991768,0.00023352193,0.000036992427,0.00028196166,0.00009989541,0.00026889,0.00011272676,0.00023929852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014006392,0.000118696174,0.000102013095,0.0001774022,0.00025281648,0.000082820225,0.00006443343,0.00016740471,0.000055490458],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029205728,0.000092917086,0.00008025908,0.00009569179,0.00001123366,3.7145094e-7,0.001275551,0.0002263942,0.9477426,0.046333306,0.0017855689,0.0023269427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009790421,0.00024914442,0.0007499425,0.00003980146,0.00016362924,0.0000055643054,0.0016400482,0.0200521,0.9597247,0.00739587,0.00855622,0.00044392672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017039489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000087363105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038937435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001165814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006771119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48402897},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154534440","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.007218","title":"Retrievals for the atmospheric chemistry experiment Fourier-transform spectrometer","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":487,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Troposphere; Thermosphere; Atmospheric chemistry; Spectrometer; Remote sensing; Atmosphere (unit); Satellite; Mixing ratio; Atmospheric sounding; Atmospheric pressure; Environmental science; Atmosphere of Earth; Atmospheric composition; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Optics; Atmospheric temperature; Fourier transform; Atmospheric sciences; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Meteorology; Physics; Ionosphere; Geology; Ozone; Astronomy","score_opus":0.010599681393164797,"score_gpt":0.21925167173986493,"score_spread":0.20865199034670012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154534440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66810924,0.002774374,0.02207219,0.0033986925,0.0004088784,0.0016498952,0.00010715045,0.00021716137,0.30126244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89207494,0.00031488304,0.104388535,0.00066110416,0.0005832319,0.00002255766,0.00004190412,0.000012119467,0.0019007379],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989331,0.00000389396,0.00022069218,0.00022272381,0.00022424452,0.00039534396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936074,0.00018175071,0.000063260755,0.00028215523,0.00001985215,0.00009222813],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018992189,0.00016351647,0.00015943956,7.547362e-7,0.00022914173,0.00006620708,0.00026246047,0.00007840652,0.0034943772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008363802,0.00010925296,0.00008778356,0.00014478463,0.000078613026,0.000065456836,0.000009129511,0.00011082377,0.00021350484],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00055557984,0.00015040622,0.0018230489,0.00011133458,0.00034358303,0.000006699771,0.0016852707,0.01451582,0.006479562,0.0029212225,0.007225869,0.9641816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00244595,0.0003578456,0.0044751707,0.000016041706,0.00029296198,0.00003182585,0.00337643,0.3294094,0.06914017,0.0042458456,0.5850079,0.0012004626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018039813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002855772,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96298116,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011781913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033965312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99741656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155100281","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.000d52","title":"Multichannel spectroreflectometry: a noninvasive method for assessment of on-line hemoglobin derivatives","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Reflectometry; Lambda; Optics; Physics; Absorption (acoustics); Hemoglobin; Light scattering; Absorbance; Function (biology); Scattering; Chemistry; Time domain; Computer science; Biology","score_opus":0.047077442928088735,"score_gpt":0.428880489748008,"score_spread":0.3818030468199193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2155100281","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.031353194,0.000026082245,0.9316579,0.0019126979,0.000038200742,0.0011410184,0.000018917395,0.00019684703,0.03365512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4841037,0.00001896529,0.51490384,0.00076192635,0.00006606285,0.000035690457,0.000017620383,0.000016364762,0.0000758492],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987007,0.00001564565,0.00034049686,0.00033030068,0.00026813697,0.00034473804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988895,0.0003447491,0.00012631323,0.00035055637,0.00016292815,0.00012597014],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028849937,0.00022224545,0.0005562565,0.00019420763,0.000051399104,0.00001675953,0.00011407745,0.000102562255,0.000012360913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015880715,0.00018609868,0.0001247575,0.0003336565,0.00007722283,0.000024157454,0.000022203107,0.00025546987,0.0000025500888],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003317717,0.0013323973,0.00012336916,0.00012473197,0.00014817729,0.0000110975425,0.00018227786,0.00018284078,0.7024057,0.28848907,0.00042942402,0.0062391623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020952532,0.003964799,0.000993068,0.00009519069,0.00017341829,0.000014065456,0.00015299654,0.03115548,0.9455484,0.015443778,0.00013648163,0.00022702529],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002424479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.042174e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4527505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011959693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000105599145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75888836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155141236","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.000298","title":"Multiplexed computer-generated hologram with polygonal apertures","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Holography; Multiplexing; Ptychography; Spatial frequency; Computer graphics (images); Computer science; Diffraction; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.012002899087671024,"score_gpt":0.18434142714361132,"score_spread":0.1723385280559403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2155141236","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33683133,0.0009392571,0.61902565,0.00071757776,0.00052376837,0.00089100236,0.0000286056,0.015231981,0.025810849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.59925354,0.000041172774,0.40043262,0.00011423078,0.00005440688,0.000025256053,0.000008391566,0.000040188763,0.00003018999],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991021,0.0000032846358,0.00015697685,0.00021957287,0.00013712244,0.00038094822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947494,0.0000755316,0.00002056738,0.00033041614,0.000029132741,0.000069399],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000021885096,0.00022859825,0.00019732186,0.0000713994,0.000059513328,0.00004668444,0.00023777434,0.00012636924,0.00002334896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001239724,0.00019305016,0.0000248382,0.000267337,0.0001887527,0.000056250603,0.000061333354,0.0003037855,0.000088024535],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024205268,0.00017671983,0.0002049631,0.00005679743,0.00019139872,0.00009183652,0.00016463031,0.7530349,0.094858594,0.035656847,0.005013999,0.11052512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077277917,0.00007944258,0.00024295546,0.000013135851,0.000025247635,0.000031873384,0.000033369102,0.973111,0.021324545,0.0007594146,0.0030951963,0.0005110654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.925404e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012711296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2624222,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033387525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000022505033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7872357},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155805832","doi":"10.1364/ao.43.002689","title":"Six-degrees-of-freedom alignment technique that provides diagnostic misalignment information","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry); Tilt (camera); Materials science; Diffraction grating; Diffraction; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.013407088640089151,"score_gpt":0.22772170204176423,"score_spread":0.21431461340167507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2155805832","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85653335,0.00006467344,0.11195185,0.0007860556,0.00043229727,0.0032251498,0.000071679235,0.00036453424,0.026570436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7928593,0.000015086086,0.20671198,0.0001214227,0.00003883211,0.00021441572,0.000013840346,0.000012464749,0.000012643206],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985555,0.000011678411,0.0004560846,0.00019014358,0.00047754103,0.00030907025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990239,0.00021871728,0.000266303,0.000318984,0.00007191578,0.00010015686],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040152855,0.00018909686,0.00022575364,0.00005399313,0.000101873724,0.00010580388,0.00027788966,0.00010468077,0.000037968177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002279577,0.00015933406,0.000049757575,0.00012087638,0.00014871907,0.00025553213,0.00014889704,0.00009612952,0.00016740605],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029854698,0.00017303393,0.00012511098,0.00014758839,0.000012093771,0.0000025137886,0.0009659852,0.017106341,0.64441025,0.3357171,0.0001700888,0.0011400355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009019332,0.0003250698,0.00036129882,0.00012498182,0.000056397614,0.0000074873906,0.0006751055,0.00034202696,0.9879918,0.0067860773,0.002026214,0.00040160975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006328524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000067801234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34358156,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009798862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006476868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6497454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156216102","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.005714","title":"Effect of beam waists on performance of the tunable fiber laser based on in-line two-taper Mach–Zehnder interferometer filter","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Extinction ratio; Interferometry; Mach–Zehnder interferometer; Laser; Cladding mode; Cladding (metalworking); Optical fiber; Wavelength; Physics; Fiber optic sensor; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber","score_opus":0.01096666661828685,"score_gpt":0.20865166470182822,"score_spread":0.19768499808354137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2156216102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96953607,0.0000065770473,0.00017643845,0.0000068774925,0.00018164083,0.00037031042,0.0000081860335,0.000046559646,0.029667325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963304,0.0000038547314,0.0031610082,0.000075747535,0.000026890313,0.00004091191,0.000004787982,0.00006739951,0.00028901073],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894327,0.000019677072,0.00033337914,0.00019866611,0.00021844624,0.00028658946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990019,0.00025654997,0.000068483474,0.0006045993,0.000026764475,0.00004168403],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017006003,0.00025460435,0.00032006874,0.00011967365,0.000017882383,0.000004237956,0.00024446737,0.00010340781,0.00021215467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002144177,0.00017964136,0.00007828059,0.00022482575,0.00008440686,0.000043215343,0.000046867903,0.0003104038,0.00008357398],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007358114,0.00017362571,0.00083865237,0.0004359787,0.00006294606,0.0000035411297,0.00048115838,0.9794694,0.01365769,0.00022955607,0.00010029444,0.0038113436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015496681,0.00056776236,0.0018936498,0.0001611459,0.000038600443,0.0000012055636,0.000012090915,0.10386381,0.8915384,0.000027909626,0.00010539546,0.00024037789],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033277158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016281427,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8778807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005766379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006896547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73255616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156355016","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.004392","title":"Applicability of the aero-optic linking equation to a highly coherent, transitional shear layer","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Isotropy; Optics; Covariance function; Nozzle; Mechanics; Physics; Jet (fluid); Anisotropy; Computational physics; Statistical physics; Computation; Covariance; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Statistics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.011804676712917893,"score_gpt":0.20183174992522707,"score_spread":0.19002707321230916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2156355016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9058312,0.000009151992,0.07333546,0.00018756888,0.00011293894,0.00048953237,0.000024105313,0.00014737477,0.019862676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928507,0.0000066911953,0.006837568,0.00010097328,0.00005246322,0.00004314466,0.000018583314,0.000020049702,0.00006979549],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930084,0.000008395125,0.00022781137,0.00012584473,0.00018971448,0.000147413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995903,0.00004987852,0.000017133665,0.00026332765,0.000027832024,0.000051544208],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010212947,0.00010693946,0.00012341599,0.000026758735,0.00004949851,0.000015856629,0.00013859633,0.00007547846,0.00015802198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003495729,0.00009574966,0.000056030094,0.00022004975,0.000034970566,0.000022944128,0.000014206953,0.00015016217,0.0000779833],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027342054,0.000065306725,0.0000873291,0.00007641273,0.000026273707,2.786488e-7,0.00053787674,0.92084247,0.013162268,0.041451562,0.0000787704,0.023644125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085286604,0.000034427878,0.008217799,0.000054039683,0.00007320938,0.0000033710787,0.00010807773,0.9772719,0.004020906,0.0043692817,0.004576919,0.00041721645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000019302613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005081112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08701954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058410154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013015705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39045578},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156549570","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.001413","title":"Feasibility of nanofluid-based optical filters","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems; University of New South Wales; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Optical filter; Band-pass filter; Transmittance; Nanofluid; Materials science; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Optics; Optoelectronics; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.015193070686138906,"score_gpt":0.22350147051528316,"score_spread":0.20830839982914426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2156549570","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91625434,0.000035344536,0.049602002,0.000049420993,0.00018075589,0.0005336412,0.000008151076,0.0003383803,0.032997992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86478055,0.00000536092,0.1350136,0.000051691386,0.00002863964,0.00003685122,0.0000074700188,0.000042759813,0.000033102344],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900013,0.000004792863,0.00032035515,0.00018443636,0.00018883207,0.0003014423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991971,0.00012755697,0.000031053372,0.00046950585,0.000058074802,0.00011668483],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006457987,0.00017726116,0.0002378988,0.000052465664,0.000021411608,0.00001411964,0.00017272778,0.00011636263,0.00014579958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035292884,0.00018025843,0.000060854323,0.000162456,0.00012489487,0.000056958175,0.000025611951,0.00015268016,0.00021949055],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023327664,0.00015272669,0.00063795794,0.00028275844,0.00008090065,0.00000467834,0.00022383807,0.37564462,0.59341955,0.02145775,0.0013030034,0.0067688557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019340002,0.00009610736,0.006337559,0.000038661998,0.00006987807,0.000005036338,0.00033733193,0.2645474,0.7208861,0.0043320823,0.0005088807,0.00090696564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000025771412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.2246266e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12746653,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006481931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001538292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73507255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157217795","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.003343","title":"Electrical modulation of diffractive structures","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Holography; Diffraction efficiency; Electric field; Diffraction; Grating; Diffraction grating; Multiplexing; Materials science; Modulation (music); Electrode; Dielectric; Wavelength; Displacement (psychology); Phase modulation; Optoelectronics; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Acoustics","score_opus":0.007516590750920692,"score_gpt":0.1814224187922765,"score_spread":0.1739058280413558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157217795","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737148,0.00074783,0.012506464,0.000021606911,0.000044062584,0.00008825512,0.0000018978511,0.0005484829,0.012326592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99532545,0.0002450916,0.0043579494,0.0000073430983,0.000021149237,0.0000048572715,0.000001945762,0.000013622165,0.000022597736],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996323,0.0000017483865,0.00010104953,0.00006828533,0.00006270992,0.00013388539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980855,0.00003077578,0.000019331137,0.00011704799,0.000011869817,0.00001241906],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000016850305,0.0000704943,0.00009193473,0.000052788833,0.000018019055,0.0000049436785,0.00007174853,0.00008587333,0.000011684335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013174125,0.000068668654,0.000017291957,0.00013195451,0.00002426687,0.000016931697,0.0000097914835,0.00013322852,0.000007445673],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021407193,0.000013115886,0.000043615284,0.000012362373,0.000027377753,5.3793116e-7,0.00011593212,0.0020405792,0.88473064,0.03437163,0.0012083672,0.077433735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018213561,0.000032036383,0.0013187665,0.0000029029954,0.000014355306,0.0000033095712,0.000036551042,0.025873723,0.9632282,0.00856084,0.0006101378,0.00013702679],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.2639644e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.3634589e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0784976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023990406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000013964612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28002265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157251016","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.007202","title":"Controlling large-scale film morphology by phase manipulation in interference lithography","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Lithography; Interference lithography; Interference (communication); Materials science; Photoresist; X-ray lithography; Phase (matter); Birefringence; Photolithography; Electron-beam lithography; Maskless lithography; Beam (structure); Resist; Physics; Nanotechnology; Fabrication; Computer science","score_opus":0.010002858402681869,"score_gpt":0.2728303383471837,"score_spread":0.2628274799445018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157251016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6242756,0.000025342166,0.35895348,0.00002574213,0.000022441209,0.0002309947,0.000052875672,0.000020298285,0.016393172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99687403,0.000003922531,0.002648027,0.000065231536,0.00006478342,0.00006170229,0.00020652812,0.000013100264,0.00006268979],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913335,0.000006168407,0.0002771548,0.0002162225,0.00006746135,0.00029962132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957323,0.00006384062,0.00008692154,0.00019122277,0.000022068054,0.00006273742],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021223945,0.000115318115,0.0001599119,0.00006233178,0.000065277934,0.000024205598,0.00011896355,0.000049713035,0.00012180926],"category_scores_gemma":[9.4906585e-7,0.00012100242,0.00004561203,0.00020835236,0.000033789667,0.000035381407,0.000033010747,0.00016008172,0.000017434008],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025581376,0.0030525806,0.017015815,0.00002067892,0.00009673152,0.000004876675,0.0019987447,0.001530563,0.40760612,0.53514934,0.0014257773,0.03184293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04970435,0.00062801485,0.013789444,0.00015098084,0.00036519792,0.000010232793,0.021103349,0.29261947,0.30207652,0.20182607,0.11375297,0.003973408],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035523775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015450467,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37259838,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000134766515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011443894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49343354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157549920","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.005237","title":"Three-dimensional object detection under arbitrary lighting conditions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Orthonormal basis; Optics; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Invariant (physics); Subspace topology; Computer science; Object (grammar); Linear subspace; Object detection; Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition; Bidirectional reflectance distribution function; Physics; Pattern recognition (psychology); Mathematics; Reflectivity; Geometry","score_opus":0.020061223166028246,"score_gpt":0.23640626000266052,"score_spread":0.21634503683663228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157549920","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06363868,0.000025501216,0.83773214,0.00032034976,0.00020536112,0.00022505989,0.0000015789461,0.00070824457,0.09714307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.919776,9.039674e-7,0.07975462,0.0002702597,0.00011793737,0.000032612454,0.000005732321,0.000009447923,0.00003248495],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989712,0.000008622457,0.00022251398,0.00027492666,0.00027422383,0.00024848882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994611,0.00007086405,0.00006165161,0.0002847764,0.0000729451,0.00004867376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014745831,0.00013485727,0.00011638074,0.00008645898,0.0001764208,0.00012609395,0.00030453122,0.000087437664,0.000019656814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000073284427,0.00012490049,0.00004939104,0.00023273261,0.000057054633,0.00020833456,0.000104687606,0.00018880713,0.00009555787],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034258635,0.000075122785,0.000042869993,0.000004152512,0.000009105263,0.0000020773593,0.000008508449,0.00012337453,0.11688513,0.8810319,0.00040961063,0.0014047755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026114233,0.00013422353,0.003588196,0.000027571068,0.000017861636,0.000012170807,0.000010751021,0.037615094,0.42940018,0.5283399,0.00022397285,0.0003689178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024548342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85613734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047167003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034237895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5093294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157687775","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000e39","title":"Polynomial phase masks for extending the depth of field of a microscope","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optical transfer function; Optics; Microscope; Polynomial; Spatial frequency; Microscopy; Materials science; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.022490771416852143,"score_gpt":0.27975273638617615,"score_spread":0.257261964969324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157687775","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25355166,0.0003547224,0.7316942,0.000026188816,0.00024243165,0.0008644814,0.00002727445,0.000088282555,0.01315072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93806404,0.000033111854,0.061692417,0.000021014781,0.00007331546,0.00004548435,0.0000025033194,0.00002743998,0.000040648345],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993279,0.0000041286507,0.00029309635,0.00009329719,0.000092821036,0.00018876577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993146,0.00034511206,0.000056247027,0.00022136421,0.000025876576,0.000036800506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008204965,0.000105793326,0.00021811634,0.000028878147,0.000043938486,0.0000036948525,0.00016232194,0.000071189264,0.0000068897143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034546625,0.00008499214,0.000058709244,0.00009761163,0.000062550454,0.000025165056,0.000021247493,0.00008397296,0.0000036767408],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021945343,0.000115811934,0.00007865942,0.00033658193,0.00012784223,0.0000041336257,0.00059272966,0.022861281,0.9484244,0.009863216,0.003309541,0.014066367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019429979,0.00019558106,0.00007073311,0.00003307852,0.000050236176,0.000013867431,0.00013246067,0.016867995,0.9769186,0.00023944542,0.0033120883,0.00022293083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000018319473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011658501,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68451244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019234623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012760936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3465879},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157854655","doi":"10.1364/ao.41.001029","title":"Apodization effects in the retrieval of volume mixing ratio profiles","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Apodization; Optics; Mixing ratio; Volume (thermodynamics); Mixing (physics); Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.010925632712882216,"score_gpt":0.19110031848074407,"score_spread":0.18017468576786186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157854655","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9563504,0.00021886911,0.0015156206,0.00014997578,0.00008380629,0.00033089868,0.000005416042,0.000018224231,0.041326806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99650496,0.000054699267,0.0031016003,0.00015709283,0.000045456236,0.0000010931506,0.000024118192,0.0000020955933,0.00010888578],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994342,0.000026208883,0.00014679562,0.0000943886,0.00016397882,0.00013443784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996705,0.00012533373,0.00006061447,0.00011428727,0.000011336063,0.000017908844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001677479,0.00006331918,0.00009347395,0.0000075933317,0.000053723557,0.000022162545,0.00012025098,0.000042705917,0.00034329345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025583935,0.0000440274,0.000016569593,0.0002589074,0.00004109398,0.00005303654,0.0000044315434,0.00007405943,0.000126878],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019361488,0.00031666705,0.76106095,0.0005630759,0.00006691701,0.00005267529,0.015214222,0.06785644,0.0032352728,0.026202826,0.0042765555,0.1209608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001003185,0.00030711736,0.40489835,0.000039979222,0.000058262125,0.000008480694,0.0020747848,0.5835211,0.0034206528,0.0025187116,0.0017648321,0.00038451204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004176035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002848403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5156647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000016132725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005873829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37588227},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158839368","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.001082","title":"One- and two-dimensional single-mode differential fiber-optic displacement sensor for submillimeter measurements","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fiber optic sensor; Optical fiber; Displacement (psychology); Linearity; Sensitivity (control systems); Single-mode optical fiber; Materials science; Physics; Electronic engineering","score_opus":0.04006008320234679,"score_gpt":0.24408182994801694,"score_spread":0.20402174674567014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2158839368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97972906,0.000068738555,0.017143225,0.000024928842,0.00026297985,0.000714122,0.000035505956,0.00022371845,0.0017977477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8362675,0.0000116893225,0.16302368,0.000046035926,0.00015674639,0.00008866255,0.00005281709,0.00010292907,0.00024995665],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998385,0.000008515608,0.00035228918,0.0003567577,0.00038526548,0.0005121558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999253,0.00015394285,0.000052190437,0.00030525782,0.00006556557,0.00017006538],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057327645,0.0003224534,0.0003360938,0.00008206149,0.00015427064,0.000025704116,0.00010356606,0.00010992373,0.00003700304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017523003,0.00035301794,0.00006977206,0.000084937106,0.00010605059,0.00006586352,0.000055117587,0.00015712545,0.00005321247],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038746613,0.0004453918,0.00020582022,0.00028536236,0.00077081216,0.00001776733,0.00092634826,0.32434326,0.66494334,0.0018423635,0.0005080164,0.005324085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.018491475,0.0006875998,0.0030715216,0.00018426585,0.0010414467,0.00020012585,0.00015887435,0.50294894,0.46435678,0.0022183468,0.002660774,0.0039798683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015345595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021867186,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20058653,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012550861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011518023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998922},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158870732","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.001041","title":"High-resolution spectral imaging based on coded dispersion","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Spectral imaging; Detector; Scanner; Image quality; Image resolution; Spectral resolution; Bandwidth (computing); Resolution (logic); Transmission (telecommunications); Computer science; Physics; Materials science; Spectral line; Telecommunications; Computer vision; Image (mathematics); Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.007177811350101734,"score_gpt":0.25211862717580774,"score_spread":0.244940815825706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2158870732","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5972169,0.00007211495,0.19122203,0.016577845,0.00035926406,0.0021446322,0.000010863364,0.0019402571,0.19045606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8678103,0.000009307159,0.12992805,0.0017773403,0.0001424357,0.00004200942,0.000038947466,0.0000311138,0.00022049047],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988875,0.00001020086,0.00019182317,0.0002777704,0.0002775784,0.0003551722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993221,0.00005564133,0.00004231704,0.00036039596,0.000058520603,0.0001610346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000095707175,0.00017533396,0.00022796723,0.0001035928,0.00008554314,0.000056877077,0.00007986556,0.00006629962,0.00020954161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003115851,0.00014691403,0.00006606142,0.00013758696,0.000109709246,0.000052887455,0.000024142953,0.00029459587,0.00032960268],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041957208,0.0014503496,0.006563518,0.00015543387,0.00005770541,0.00005427108,0.00011330451,0.0008838087,0.7372054,0.21028318,0.030197073,0.012616397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037832893,0.00077497866,0.024152005,0.00023755939,0.00023043645,0.00002329287,0.00015011337,0.5946355,0.3639678,0.010204017,0.0010970051,0.00074398733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005200109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.6694868e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5937517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012734217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031376265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.599098},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159435812","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.000924","title":"High sensitivity optical fiber current sensor based on polarization diversity and a Faraday rotation mirror cavity","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Faraday effect; Optics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Faraday rotator; Physics; Birefringence; Optical isolator; Phase modulation; Amplitude modulation; Optical fiber; Phase noise; Materials science; Magnetic field; Frequency modulation; Bandwidth (computing); Telecommunications","score_opus":0.023479075661991658,"score_gpt":0.1955153357413072,"score_spread":0.17203626007931555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2159435812","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93887216,0.000014284209,0.052646317,0.00011221664,0.00010831613,0.0004961819,0.00003689213,0.00025744448,0.007456174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9720457,0.0000090546255,0.02772469,0.000077069235,0.000031886488,0.000019631016,0.000030533014,0.00002002035,0.000041376603],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992563,0.000015721287,0.00014890288,0.00021440884,0.00016109686,0.00020356923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995293,0.00007423235,0.00002465016,0.00020874426,0.00004069396,0.00012238663],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010828408,0.00015978473,0.00014605936,0.00004080959,0.00025535162,0.000020508534,0.000051618776,0.000093185816,0.00005557292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017786313,0.00015359742,0.000028336422,0.00010406215,0.000070519505,0.000050303825,0.00009671016,0.00020127025,0.00007040277],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007416764,0.0023156414,0.008854301,0.001243168,0.0002218229,0.00004217145,0.0040115467,0.06410042,0.06709263,0.61238545,0.0006025764,0.23838857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012176088,0.00014746074,0.09079529,0.000033106786,0.0001821075,0.0000039352453,0.000105102205,0.89211607,0.0116605535,0.0012744861,0.0016448232,0.0008194741],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007401911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007723725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8280156,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004185361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000070401666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6263521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159895301","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003712","title":"Optical characterization of a reference instrument for gloss measurements in both a collimated and a converging beam geometry","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Gloss (optics); Collimated light; Optical instrument; Characterization (materials science); Physics; Materials science; Laser","score_opus":0.02787240267013436,"score_gpt":0.21890421033129112,"score_spread":0.19103180766115677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2159895301","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98968154,0.000031269068,0.008140768,0.000009835298,0.00007047647,0.0004820345,0.000023399436,0.000053124335,0.0015075235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99008256,0.000028963694,0.00969675,0.00001105511,0.000015854235,0.00008485125,0.00005066132,0.000024957211,0.0000043506793],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990022,0.0000044598055,0.00034598322,0.00016319189,0.00022500797,0.00025915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970335,0.000037112775,0.000045460347,0.000112675596,0.000053349686,0.000048040354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001947345,0.00014523581,0.00024431114,0.00008714636,0.000028389242,0.000026862836,0.000069569985,0.00008196005,0.0000041716517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016121892,0.0001530102,0.000017429877,0.00022621904,0.000035835237,0.0000602935,0.000024262567,0.00007716069,0.0000016627537],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010944588,0.0001877856,0.015876701,0.0004770982,0.00005574358,0.0000011033546,0.00007175427,0.006682108,0.96306443,0.01107478,0.0000049173477,0.0023941125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008093354,0.00021495663,0.289201,0.00041132525,0.00015306343,0.000004378431,0.00022913644,0.12018211,0.5786514,0.0013948821,0.00040367205,0.0010607112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008072252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007280457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38441303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000821941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014454339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6239575},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160194158","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.003456","title":"Iterative simulated quenching for designing irregular-spot-array generators","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Simulated annealing; Diffraction; Iterative and incremental development; Iterative method; Optics; Computer science; Exponential function; Algorithm; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.009424727962837947,"score_gpt":0.2149444385897436,"score_spread":0.20551971062690566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2160194158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7730405,0.00038015028,0.13482793,0.000035699617,0.00025359812,0.00079494074,0.000028119288,0.00075219345,0.0898869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.931385,0.000044864257,0.06797659,0.00015103706,0.00012761232,0.00006371641,0.00002858886,0.000056706387,0.00016589176],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999046,0.000007875863,0.00024479002,0.00020987878,0.00011673931,0.00037471554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995088,0.00014210514,0.000019701956,0.00018944882,0.00002795411,0.00011196681],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011323187,0.0002131874,0.00022172906,0.000041517556,0.00013121772,0.00008552284,0.00014624986,0.0001303467,0.00014906094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009288633,0.00020790585,0.00006036047,0.00015150968,0.00003638788,0.00009623834,0.000007948756,0.00016297051,0.00007314685],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035962887,0.000029819601,0.000009483436,0.0000853622,0.00013658026,0.000005888577,0.0011203598,0.83305854,0.12973104,0.020773953,0.000246265,0.014766763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007702521,0.000041420248,0.000039692768,0.000035172747,0.00006385312,0.0000030441108,0.00011797913,0.71705115,0.26547202,0.0029678906,0.0128956465,0.00054185477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001616123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017898672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15834452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005269014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016424874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84781545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160839176","doi":"10.1364/ao.46.007436","title":"Dispersion implementation in optical filter design by the Fourier transform method using correction factors","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fourier transform; Refractive index; Dispersion (optics); Optical filter; Filter (signal processing); Reflection (computer programming); Wavelength; Spatial filter; Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.022473155974621607,"score_gpt":0.29241535552248465,"score_spread":0.269942199547863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2160839176","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21647273,0.000024512825,0.77827287,0.000017709832,0.00021238317,0.00028211487,0.0000029189005,0.00005165397,0.0046630832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93916047,0.00002301729,0.060671348,0.000047674934,0.000033079483,0.000009308924,0.000017363429,0.00002422783,0.0000135412],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991559,0.00001186356,0.0002367567,0.00012642576,0.00016716216,0.0003018979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995122,0.000289517,0.000017896731,0.00010841205,0.00001071711,0.00006127296],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004676185,0.00013476277,0.00012122042,0.000047565598,0.0000667131,0.00003110807,0.00008843238,0.00009628045,0.000043029813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006055663,0.000100621335,0.000034782555,0.00018187433,0.000026519485,0.000084494975,0.000010887913,0.00020405305,0.000006009548],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026951302,0.00021063969,0.0009890016,0.00012416163,0.00018983454,0.000013874907,0.009761573,0.3070681,0.22672929,0.016297704,0.0015479458,0.43679836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045180388,0.000029907027,0.0010704462,0.000008698713,0.00004831399,0.0000042218594,0.0022601138,0.7871986,0.20729974,0.00042530085,0.0009778105,0.00022506247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027719912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003517825,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7226877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013192213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000917144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4103219},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161879393","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.006009","title":"Technique for the metrology calibration of a Fourier transform spectrometer","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Metrology; Optics; Calibration; Spectrometer; Fourier transform; Cryostat; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Stray light; Imaging spectrometer; Interferometry; Physics; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Remote sensing; Geology","score_opus":0.01334844515852365,"score_gpt":0.20643690056040165,"score_spread":0.193088455401878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2161879393","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008456879,0.00010222432,0.9878652,0.00012756823,0.000041698568,0.0006135598,0.000012672866,0.00023911984,0.0025410466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87154853,0.0001337733,0.12794873,0.000016301337,0.000028777444,0.00027936007,0.000002708379,0.000023841825,0.000017991373],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995186,0.0000017399005,0.00015810483,0.00007642053,0.00008292593,0.00016224587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995714,0.00017009272,0.000021915137,0.00020677617,0.00001687942,0.000012975435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007554565,0.00009218824,0.00014055333,0.0000662038,0.00004176414,0.0000028339193,0.00015863148,0.00013637579,0.00000790675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020394033,0.000068228146,0.000046169396,0.00013483732,0.000117393036,0.000021707589,0.000012308359,0.0001192557,0.0000010657825],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008293116,0.00007184723,0.000035266108,0.00026572045,0.0004119426,0.000007745025,0.0005493519,0.02898982,0.74532527,0.19745535,0.003597218,0.023207573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036562872,0.00010569461,0.000046572455,0.0000034071707,0.00006923254,0.000029782128,0.00012533896,0.18576619,0.7954242,0.015330769,0.0025582216,0.00017490728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.785095e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011471715,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86309165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026336287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010019034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27822632},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162554335","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.005200","title":"Pointing efficiency in Gaussian beam coherent ladar","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Transmitter; Optics; Lidar; Gaussian; SIGNAL (programming language); Computer science; Reduction (mathematics); Power (physics); Free-space optical communication; Gaussian beam; Physics; Beam (structure); Optical communication; Telecommunications; Mathematics","score_opus":0.017686726527386648,"score_gpt":0.22810749363992314,"score_spread":0.2104207671125365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2162554335","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71411145,0.000011497561,0.045757916,0.000047778158,0.00007786629,0.000256143,0.000003008732,0.00020254,0.23953183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9198101,8.1990413e-7,0.0800529,0.000021160551,0.00003737237,0.000011873449,0.00000368824,0.000017712428,0.000044373002],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910855,0.000003984552,0.00021232574,0.00023107398,0.00009819767,0.0003458815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995531,0.000037402908,0.00006687987,0.00028302564,0.00001629966,0.000043333275],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000069240414,0.00013938751,0.00016327515,0.000052935724,0.000057907142,0.00001556727,0.00018875656,0.000053793272,0.00006908869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010030121,0.0001295373,0.000032528063,0.00020345235,0.00011006146,0.000037688438,0.00012864589,0.00023931358,0.00008220701],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011931739,0.00025213356,0.008626504,0.0000054277575,0.000014024664,0.000005009636,0.00038760426,0.00025363092,0.002771132,0.9605532,0.000024152387,0.027095199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024799742,0.00022472143,0.019377163,0.00011752069,0.00007033939,0.0000029561295,0.0067834673,0.0045837914,0.27048433,0.6926124,0.0016195549,0.0016438105],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002981174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003607318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26794088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022552493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013506411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52823776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164382043","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.004005","title":"Generation of Bessel beams using a magnetic liquid deformable mirror","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Deformable mirror; Optics; Conical surface; Wavefront; Bessel function; Bessel beam; Magnetic mirror; Magnetic field; Beam (structure); Physics; Adaptive optics; Curved mirror; Materials science","score_opus":0.05561139830854729,"score_gpt":0.24136354300779533,"score_spread":0.18575214469924806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2164382043","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.944733,0.000031946296,0.010727298,0.0000042174293,0.00011713387,0.00020000244,0.000015429378,0.000016735894,0.044154234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9193889,0.0000020271275,0.0802485,0.000016857339,0.00009505596,0.000015363423,0.000028520306,0.000023587885,0.00018117524],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992337,0.000006203453,0.00025950107,0.0001460021,0.0001341676,0.00022042586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995205,0.0000075917064,0.0001153599,0.00023940907,0.000059809623,0.000057344518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007084566,0.00013314218,0.0001570093,0.00004310977,0.00006477013,0.00001527298,0.000128265,0.00004273628,0.00017451076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010546348,0.00013286025,0.000054890203,0.000118182885,0.00006113742,0.00007638729,0.00007571074,0.00008196034,0.000031487903],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008343692,0.00072262215,0.0011281761,0.000074013704,0.00012515139,0.0000020905904,0.0026520188,0.00080063683,0.54122204,0.4508568,0.000056313675,0.0022766849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010490118,0.0005172395,0.00027274445,0.000025359548,0.00024416088,0.0000029237283,0.0013943472,0.035471935,0.95092547,0.009020695,0.0004826005,0.0005935234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011864547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017898232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44183612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017149558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037112506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54178834},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164520291","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.001668","title":"Simultaneous measurement for strain and temperature using fiber Bragg gratings and multimode fibers","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; PHOSFOS; Multi-mode optical fiber; Optical fiber; Photonic-crystal fiber; Fiber; Strain (injury); Plastic optical fiber; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.021843087925275725,"score_gpt":0.22029025914556122,"score_spread":0.1984471712202855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2164520291","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98595333,0.00034486232,0.012073324,0.000023992789,0.000081499675,0.00068146916,0.000048762922,0.00022599174,0.0005667704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.70743227,0.000057854075,0.29225987,0.000052082676,0.000060736475,0.000017239103,0.000007685456,0.00006294434,0.000049318925],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905384,0.00000411268,0.00020455262,0.00025032775,0.00018471772,0.00030244348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999496,0.0001360848,0.000032855816,0.00016149826,0.00006403315,0.000109522116],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000079592515,0.00023586609,0.00021906984,0.000043377284,0.00015595008,0.000028584498,0.00005488812,0.00014040404,0.0000034056525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054954446,0.00024582757,0.000025194468,0.00007568193,0.00008966449,0.000056158584,0.000021733034,0.00017287108,0.00000188229],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029597575,0.000018233028,0.000013955565,0.00016031422,0.0000839022,0.000021223235,0.0018848251,0.75609344,0.23481439,0.0005393454,0.000111415895,0.0062293326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00172156,0.000058250356,0.000105186795,0.000051882736,0.00008146552,0.00015025356,0.0005667735,0.97997195,0.014683474,0.00041604645,0.0014592353,0.00073390634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000024311482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000045299907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28018653,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007142469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014874641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165659248","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.002754","title":"High-performance thin-film polarizing beam splitter operating at angles greater than the critical angle","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Beam splitter; Total internal reflection; Materials science; Thin film; Light beam; Broadband; Extinction ratio; Reflection (computer programming); Beam (structure); Optoelectronics; Visible spectrum; Infrared; Interference (communication); Laser; Physics; Wavelength; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.012023410269203297,"score_gpt":0.22537536325343546,"score_spread":0.21335195298423215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165659248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817652,0.000030146992,0.00008661986,0.0010063972,0.0001719757,0.00022582732,0.000017608701,0.0001296405,0.016566569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9735793,0.000007535773,0.022699635,0.0020139518,0.0003659044,0.00003996265,0.000010648522,0.000040864452,0.0012422292],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980617,0.000032647196,0.0004078232,0.000447133,0.00039655995,0.00065412524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990589,0.0002202152,0.000060064624,0.00046761025,0.00006740797,0.0001257726],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049044663,0.0002695813,0.0002612357,0.000019568857,0.00093432877,0.00044298032,0.00043175774,0.00013140487,0.001578522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006826317,0.0001767621,0.00005374859,0.00015272538,0.00033090246,0.00023058541,0.00022046496,0.0002795752,0.0013857072],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009377626,0.00013305635,0.0034860661,0.00010624425,0.000019378529,0.000015225178,0.0033697803,0.0031516901,0.9321871,0.05384791,0.0010537351,0.0025360405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007729437,0.00029538115,0.008729717,0.00010968793,0.00009895196,0.00005734322,0.00052285683,0.011863747,0.97234523,0.0017386863,0.002514267,0.00095119927],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000042283875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000071070504,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.052109223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049538314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002241791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99939185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165755001","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.001305","title":"Sensitivity of radiometric measurements of the atmospheric CO_2 column from space","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Troposphere; Radiometer; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Satellite; Radiometry; Depth sounding; Water vapor; Radiometric dating; Atmospheric sounding; Sensitivity (control systems); Atmospheric correction; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.011320410521623216,"score_gpt":0.18999819836203516,"score_spread":0.17867778784041194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165755001","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.973585,0.00002648109,0.008847894,0.000036610465,0.00008357216,0.0002495519,0.0000042652464,0.000013465741,0.017153136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9667186,0.00005088217,0.0327457,0.000080502796,0.000015528492,0.000004941617,0.0000027835451,0.000019257266,0.00036180814],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865514,0.000046642992,0.00025771052,0.0002352776,0.00057950156,0.00022571112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991641,0.000085166925,0.00022811214,0.00044710658,0.000005384707,0.000070130955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025883128,0.00015270269,0.0002348933,0.000002396024,0.00007324228,0.0000057437587,0.00024525975,0.00008497765,0.00031966635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026835527,0.00012614271,0.00007768146,0.00080321386,0.00044337762,0.000046595324,0.0002876794,0.000107616936,0.000044639834],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037699254,0.00024079597,0.7429875,0.0000058336545,0.00004676558,0.0000027110782,0.00018699322,0.15827695,0.09285574,0.00009482916,0.00015058019,0.005113594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006802383,0.000048126425,0.9624469,0.000009624165,0.000096986994,0.000005725055,0.00026758577,0.023948882,0.011131089,0.0003449003,0.0007603757,0.0002595555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011628254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008458156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21945938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019055097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008340445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51439506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165839528","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.001372","title":"Pattern recognition with generalized centroids and subcentroids","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Centroid; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition; Object (grammar); Moment (physics); Computer science; Invariant (physics); Feature (linguistics); Computer vision; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.012349790253303529,"score_gpt":0.2098247091681129,"score_spread":0.1974749189148094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165839528","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.023640167,0.00005509144,0.97110134,0.0013006384,0.000022192198,0.00018285915,0.0000024639576,0.00027140699,0.0034238503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7076377,0.00021308189,0.2911195,0.0007774482,0.00009321561,0.000026636972,0.000012477168,0.00001049979,0.000109436],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992718,0.000011909996,0.00013326945,0.00023703378,0.00016282125,0.00018316356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954456,0.00001951673,0.00006080548,0.00024733046,0.000056566958,0.000071214694],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000088674286,0.00010448935,0.00009884676,0.000041452437,0.00007340889,0.00012700031,0.00019842738,0.000045529334,0.000010011287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000031267307,0.0000854359,0.000015181302,0.00015269898,0.000045510293,0.00016704242,0.0000624312,0.00008217589,0.000042207295],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001551093,0.00006817732,0.00018450072,0.000011110833,0.000012865865,0.00000261357,0.00018767374,0.0000030470355,0.008908971,0.03919417,0.00028887735,0.95112246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00520302,0.00047319665,0.0052149636,0.00005952637,0.00009100266,0.00014523896,0.00014865436,0.1532697,0.76593816,0.016850125,0.050909728,0.0016966659],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002480685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019616784,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9494258,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026416808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018514103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3483975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165921504","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003495","title":"Ferrofluidic adaptive mirrors","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Geophysics and Sensor Technology","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Actuator; Deformable mirror; Computer science; Optics; Scalability; Physics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.008991454516772635,"score_gpt":0.17628455428765674,"score_spread":0.1672930997708841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165921504","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8031813,0.00013496763,0.006143882,0.00004140018,0.00016363167,0.00012923108,0.000005412279,0.00076149247,0.18943867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99544114,0.000018401932,0.0042804372,0.000020219197,0.00004708902,0.000013418748,0.000007652003,0.000028140252,0.0001435315],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99952257,0.0000012312792,0.00010594942,0.00009906234,0.000068162,0.00020304344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977064,0.000012521856,0.000010763723,0.00017264017,0.0000122855545,0.000021160857],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000015523055,0.00010438869,0.000108225744,0.000043514785,0.000029075863,0.000008923401,0.00009465656,0.00009261278,0.0000135252],"category_scores_gemma":[7.6226644e-7,0.00011150329,0.000025903886,0.00012311562,0.000033870943,0.000013776841,0.000016430633,0.00012104004,0.00023952944],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000049865903,0.000039938677,0.000049084298,0.000016123657,0.000032712334,0.000013735847,0.000054751326,0.011105858,0.14684092,0.83364826,0.0047491957,0.0034444055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018187382,0.00015079706,0.007602788,0.000018813871,0.00011747225,0.000022756143,0.0006583607,0.21659987,0.43242776,0.29161993,0.047095798,0.0018668993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016780821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000073454444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54202837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001989357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000030458991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4546972},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166383946","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.003063","title":"Target-adaptive polarimetric synthetic aperture radar target discrimination using maximum average correlation height filters","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Clutter; Optics; Polarimetry; Synthetic aperture radar; Radar; Polarization (electrochemistry); Radar horizon; Remote sensing; Radar imaging; Continuous-wave radar; Physics; Scattering; Computer science; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.008147918345126402,"score_gpt":0.18887870034940207,"score_spread":0.18073078200427567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2166383946","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009222588,0.00033129164,0.95376915,0.00006549568,0.0005143306,0.00033146548,0.000052816365,0.00035589215,0.035357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88605124,0.000015989783,0.11308985,0.00009949638,0.00016944075,0.000005694904,0.00026234167,0.000076944896,0.00022897843],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864566,0.000019877349,0.00035315356,0.00026567135,0.000331859,0.00038376864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993951,0.00013863722,0.00006750631,0.00023790395,0.000054014752,0.00010687301],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011307047,0.00028088264,0.00024202158,0.00034800585,0.00016181698,0.000086240325,0.00013984315,0.00025142508,0.00009593295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041228755,0.00029008157,0.00007469911,0.0008327196,0.000057953726,0.00020387722,0.000033846845,0.0003333532,0.00015990295],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027776405,0.00017427014,0.0004655946,0.00011328539,0.00007834083,0.000008423479,0.00017530644,0.89382684,0.0229105,0.080384426,0.00080744806,0.0010277812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005200502,0.000030937517,0.0015771707,0.000024576046,0.00007664471,0.000008262822,0.00010642774,0.97773516,0.0059968657,0.00971776,0.0036128748,0.00059325795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021191001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015909013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8768287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020719014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019753696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999551},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166575307","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.006573","title":"Interferometric optical Fourier-transform processor for calculation of selected spatial frequencies","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Fourier transform; Pixel; Interferometry; Spatial frequency; Computer science; Discrete Fourier transform (general); Discrete-time Fourier transform; Optical path length; Physics; Algorithm; Fourier analysis; Mathematics; Fractional Fourier transform; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.008475465406104119,"score_gpt":0.21275012958385323,"score_spread":0.20427466417774912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2166575307","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7498553,0.00014381144,0.16142578,0.00004149408,0.00009588445,0.0007868381,0.00003255531,0.00028270064,0.08733567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97260463,0.00006040464,0.027038047,0.0000164755,0.000060108505,0.00007876452,0.000035793186,0.000030559928,0.000075196906],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991066,0.000002203786,0.00030795875,0.00014059649,0.00017024708,0.00027239695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995771,0.000114970906,0.000021121772,0.0001266212,0.00008403426,0.00007616488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007863553,0.00014706179,0.00023111896,0.000095313306,0.00003458243,0.000019978861,0.00013318249,0.00013309313,0.00008805694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030605614,0.00013899471,0.00005053224,0.00048992946,0.00005733638,0.00006567883,0.000006126738,0.000119243654,0.00001937678],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007200783,0.0005188168,0.00017539794,0.00307783,0.00069203536,0.000006038882,0.0024828222,0.098933816,0.10695618,0.11353037,0.00039888945,0.6725077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011997503,0.00022683015,0.0014956193,0.000039533796,0.00013963555,0.000004498574,0.000051807012,0.7727736,0.21873665,0.0028818059,0.0020138817,0.00043635137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000061102483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013960855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6738398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043356857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028282231,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.566804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166977277","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.006381","title":"Three-dimensional surface contouring of macroscopic objects by means of phase-difference images","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Contouring; Holography; Optics; Digital holography; Phase (matter); Image subtraction; Holographic interferometry; Computer science; Subtraction; Process (computing); Wavelength; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Computer vision; Image processing; Image (mathematics); Mathematics; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.005966114690387625,"score_gpt":0.23124666203829175,"score_spread":0.22528054734790412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2166977277","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96415937,0.00011852817,0.009628197,0.000004819702,0.000046926307,0.00015289345,0.00035397854,0.00001708711,0.025518216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937493,0.0000010769598,0.0059521557,0.000007273046,0.000029787168,0.000004708958,0.000087284665,0.000013886718,0.0001545357],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992226,0.000004241854,0.0002633477,0.0001752128,0.00012479807,0.00020980292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999521,0.000060497518,0.00015582061,0.00017846175,0.000050157127,0.000034037086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000045253568,0.00014374396,0.00025251022,0.000024096194,0.00003927237,0.00001695481,0.0001348447,0.0000370699,0.000033578348],"category_scores_gemma":[7.158105e-7,0.00013824242,0.0000735135,0.00010877316,0.00017570454,0.000041694937,0.00004739103,0.00008077237,0.0000040798805],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035423844,0.00061796553,0.007313412,0.000032553242,0.000051538045,5.1340623e-7,0.00003183468,0.0002978733,0.95492053,0.03422778,0.000809937,0.0016606394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012724503,0.00007498555,0.0010445297,0.000028364806,0.000030961004,1.8409236e-7,0.00005585081,0.00011022842,0.9868429,0.010330271,0.00005911199,0.00015020673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001817494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000069929993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03192233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000042972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000262396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56373626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2167208735","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.004834","title":"Analysis of broadly tunable coupled-cavity semiconductor lasers","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Longitudinal mode; Semiconductor laser theory; Optics; Optoelectronics; Tunable laser; Optical coherence tomography; Materials science; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Diode; Optical cavity; Semiconductor; Quantum well; Physics","score_opus":0.022938071972026398,"score_gpt":0.20910582504673073,"score_spread":0.18616775307470432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2167208735","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9138099,0.000044079152,0.009531613,0.0000041867665,0.000047878933,0.00023647987,0.000046516223,0.0002756416,0.0760037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98292744,0.000031592703,0.016858758,0.000016572814,0.000013731409,0.00006206209,0.000029269962,0.000025071267,0.000035506215],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913055,0.000004416068,0.00028312544,0.00018201717,0.00015102362,0.00024889418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992191,0.00006220302,0.000049507966,0.00049412984,0.00006336656,0.00011165815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009846149,0.00014862731,0.0002933813,0.00022382988,0.00003391486,0.000011552863,0.0002460743,0.00010639746,0.00033820703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008567086,0.00015972665,0.00012136548,0.0014774759,0.00010858334,0.00006049938,0.00003219511,0.00015397852,0.000060518214],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000079677884,0.0010177215,0.027770875,0.0004094833,0.0088443,0.000008597094,0.0036351676,0.13025716,0.43874693,0.38269404,0.0011073772,0.0054286947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012077879,0.00012721038,0.08470708,0.00002490871,0.0074626175,0.0000023546584,0.001522626,0.70187324,0.19126074,0.008498426,0.0014110692,0.0019019393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003671499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023574998,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5716161,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025731411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013529962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6513464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2167211811","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.003809","title":"Widely tunable coupled-cavity semiconductor laser","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Semiconductor laser theory; Materials science; Semiconductor; Laser; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.00968821060282717,"score_gpt":0.20197170239639234,"score_spread":0.19228349179356516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2167211811","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93075246,0.00021739965,0.00033804224,0.0000924695,0.00034261882,0.00019456448,0.0000113577025,0.0005578733,0.06749322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938063,0.00009734362,0.0047094654,0.000690011,0.00021345819,0.000010451306,0.000023619019,0.00003955245,0.0004097772],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988764,0.0000042673214,0.00025465552,0.0002391351,0.00018861887,0.00043692917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993348,0.000065144966,0.000027469416,0.0003496675,0.000039891962,0.00018301056],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000097171585,0.00024003268,0.00026049514,0.000048530666,0.00006468575,0.00007731776,0.00021936317,0.00015716402,0.0001955513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015707654,0.00023255225,0.0000597776,0.00018424909,0.00004186432,0.000111421454,0.000022463264,0.00026826304,0.00037103388],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000498628,0.00024458492,0.00022585595,0.00016575746,0.00016796161,0.000058383222,0.0003695469,0.048320346,0.84596586,0.072159335,0.024403537,0.007868955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034414753,0.00029454217,0.004491049,0.0001105951,0.00034610974,0.00004303429,0.0007948276,0.34252146,0.5367946,0.03195074,0.07570899,0.0035026085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000550956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004317959,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3091713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005593907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015800673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94832057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168736327","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.008169","title":"Nonlinear optical and chemical effects in the irradiation of liquid benzene with femtosecond pulses","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Femtosecond; Optics; Materials science; Nonlinear optics; Irradiation; Benzene; Refractive index; Nonlinear optical; Nonlinear system; Laser; Optoelectronics; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.004213889492504632,"score_gpt":0.2139585159766749,"score_spread":0.20974462648417028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2168736327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990369,0.0000034284067,0.0015349302,0.0003408494,0.00000847185,0.00032960143,0.000006975676,0.0000052703604,0.0074014575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99158216,8.392076e-7,0.007988714,0.00009830374,0.000077290206,0.00019788201,0.000032007938,0.000008135334,0.000014650288],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995719,0.0000059382387,0.00013373095,0.000113575756,0.00006929812,0.00010556288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959224,0.00015184357,0.00004683181,0.00015360459,0.000025242201,0.000030204194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000036396912,0.00007885717,0.000102947684,0.000021444946,0.000032560587,0.000036355825,0.000083279265,0.000023178449,0.00006131618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000015330796,0.000052347754,0.000015857431,0.00008985556,0.000049695835,0.000056349043,0.000021043375,0.00010758379,0.000024776788],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000118904325,0.0022430422,0.008869708,0.00015213771,0.00019170645,0.0000013977486,0.0018651324,0.00048009754,0.34796202,0.60451347,0.0010220722,0.032580312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046528867,0.00077842834,0.061671395,0.00013359643,0.00028913075,0.000015701486,0.0045227045,0.01349971,0.887959,0.021630002,0.0037669193,0.0010804936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004528861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025804397,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5828835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005085327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011097201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21346794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169420050","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.003149","title":"Direct-Sun column ozone retrieval by the ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer and comparison with those from Brewer and Dobson spectrophotometers","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Radiometer; Environmental science; Ozone; Remote sensing; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.012274548183576614,"score_gpt":0.21586069978525288,"score_spread":0.20358615160167626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169420050","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901196,0.0010850071,0.000436673,0.000095529314,0.00006802527,0.00035596694,0.000111357585,0.000040733343,0.0076871174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892618,0.00056403654,0.00940338,0.00037441446,0.00007940219,0.0000035040778,0.00012428522,0.000013147954,0.00017602686],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986258,0.000040101375,0.00025265463,0.00040881644,0.00027981205,0.0003928073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908406,0.00038381031,0.00012858216,0.00023156848,0.000020729236,0.0001512305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002055685,0.00023746338,0.00032507526,0.0000143959405,0.00028359907,0.00023717963,0.00014826801,0.000086172244,0.00031716746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001200679,0.00015488376,0.000024781124,0.00027687527,0.0002619143,0.000107333064,0.000015614036,0.00022854538,0.000025834646],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017558248,0.0001136313,0.91953915,0.000034198034,0.00026834948,0.000062144194,0.0038583032,0.00059035316,0.012572552,0.000025042007,0.0019500391,0.059230402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00872796,0.0019692548,0.85760516,0.00015887464,0.0008011642,0.00021723652,0.009856637,0.089299984,0.015321846,0.00054538756,0.012907994,0.0025884875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013981124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004358695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08870963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000525857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012221932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6315977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170325660","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.006159","title":"Optimization of design and operating parameters of a space-based optical-electronic system with a distributed aperture","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Optical transfer function; Aperture (computer memory); Optics; Image quality; Computer science; Residual; Transfer function; Optical path; Image resolution; Noise (video); Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging); Spatial frequency; Physics; Algorithm; Image (mathematics); Acoustics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.011147536121330653,"score_gpt":0.19048660450292285,"score_spread":0.1793390683815922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170325660","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11535393,0.000014844704,0.8830971,0.00002524236,0.0000056114995,0.00034618133,0.000021210075,0.000014678816,0.0011212021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6796586,0.0000015723438,0.32025322,0.00000946208,0.000009268135,0.000007654529,0.000038744387,0.000017086106,0.000004413641],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991448,0.000020976628,0.00024850777,0.00019942758,0.0001523178,0.00023398265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993097,0.00015663239,0.00018446831,0.00017219102,0.000115890005,0.00006107596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009146546,0.00017050166,0.00032376955,0.000039561346,0.00010150539,0.000014237862,0.000059408107,0.000049102848,0.0000028074403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000061852306,0.00014099063,0.000033339515,0.00015860349,0.00015958586,0.000035372934,0.0000216573,0.00012002326,4.2281584e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000074256815,0.00007616917,0.00031247287,0.000044007902,0.00011432061,0.0000020740054,0.00013497108,0.8993888,0.0037125496,0.09603977,0.0000048800434,0.00009573866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010843494,0.00023988508,0.00007816813,0.000054915236,0.00014359596,0.000004637419,0.00070588995,0.9795201,0.017899297,0.000050323895,0.000004845691,0.0002140175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017650083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.7894276e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56430465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029817395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011831352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57494307},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170602905","doi":"10.1364/ao.47.000652","title":"Purely axial compression of fiber Bragg gratings embedded in a highly deformable polymer","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; Optics; Wavelength; PHOSFOS; Long-period fiber grating; Fiber; Plastic optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Fiber optic sensor; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.009821625647055847,"score_gpt":0.2041675244160991,"score_spread":0.19434589876904323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170602905","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97173125,0.0001535506,0.0019284553,0.0000114194,0.0001389519,0.00022169063,0.000007180775,0.0001887658,0.025618728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96938735,0.00004989894,0.029992638,0.000032654705,0.00005240475,0.000020250163,0.000013767163,0.00006011912,0.00039094093],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988545,0.0000061197975,0.00040456676,0.00017059415,0.00021825865,0.0003459336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947894,0.0000706381,0.00006772543,0.00028246577,0.000026614256,0.00007360315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004790426,0.00020277766,0.00030148303,0.00011165218,0.000045879016,0.0000066179673,0.0001539677,0.00014605785,0.000039443286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009924224,0.00020369237,0.000044928227,0.00027802272,0.00008035547,0.00010273788,0.000047192676,0.00025205867,0.00006618379],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014796376,0.00016465836,0.00038794117,0.00019761117,0.0000795027,0.00006126965,0.0048102797,0.68038225,0.30009237,0.008377484,0.0014323241,0.0038663638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036954402,0.00009437498,0.0020486144,0.00013215891,0.000043046257,0.000088028195,0.0004758593,0.16743632,0.82203734,0.0009313143,0.0019881418,0.0010293657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011801051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003979513,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.521945,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048836795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017480257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83063334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170682429","doi":"10.1364/ao.48.006541","title":"Simultaneous composition and thickness measurement of paper using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Honeywell (Canada); Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Optics; Spectroscopy; Materials science; Terahertz radiation; Terahertz spectroscopy and technology; Time domain; Transmission (telecommunications); Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0072594202840715865,"score_gpt":0.20951439494233215,"score_spread":0.20225497465826056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170682429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.875684,0.00020600898,0.11802124,0.0001739826,0.00003047545,0.00032165815,0.000006717744,0.00035825683,0.0051976205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.918516,0.00002008999,0.081354454,0.0000616449,0.000021565324,0.0000062813524,0.0000043745335,0.000012890149,0.000002730776],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99947983,0.0000043129758,0.00015890655,0.00011201346,0.000107933476,0.00013700739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997169,0.000025237898,0.000027925045,0.00017393215,0.000027528891,0.000028491122],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006902031,0.00010939689,0.00013821696,0.000039572275,0.000058414716,0.000011072735,0.00007610335,0.00010526245,0.000009576815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000024303663,0.00011480154,0.000013738679,0.00009507178,0.00005040317,0.000028824279,0.000010933475,0.00012111574,0.000008911732],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008048073,0.000043872005,0.0000050097833,0.000012319817,0.000016818227,0.0000013476296,0.00008221398,0.0030501473,0.9781201,0.007956489,0.00002321856,0.010680436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011750743,0.00011349404,0.00034036805,0.00007189,0.000111865615,0.000051298302,0.000110654095,0.19202906,0.78126836,0.021347983,0.0028116854,0.00056826643],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.0002284e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.1634717e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19685173,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042652315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005844054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4681471},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2170992131","doi":"10.1364/ao.42.000390","title":"Bright superior mirages","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Brightness; Optics; Luminance; Geology; Surface brightness; Front (military); Physics; Astronomy","score_opus":0.008362346444361202,"score_gpt":0.18879505879913136,"score_spread":0.18043271235477015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2170992131","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42586803,0.0008905429,0.014282023,0.000049844697,0.00046102292,0.00025877348,0.0000050142066,0.0006411138,0.55754364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98547304,0.00012130312,0.013907993,0.00004854937,0.00004130686,0.000025511416,0.0000018689324,0.000030760242,0.00034964518],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951553,0.000004099541,0.00012288519,0.00009467233,0.00009248362,0.00017030424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975353,0.000029325985,0.000008753415,0.00015363668,0.000016608636,0.000038133094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055960867,0.00010449172,0.00011492189,0.000031284933,0.000052062333,0.000024229195,0.00005905955,0.000040770497,0.000058640813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011778996,0.00010253409,0.000021532525,0.000104324936,0.00003204355,0.000029369268,0.000008198813,0.00008128794,0.0002848104],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011419878,0.00010734069,0.001751657,0.00033538477,0.00057836005,0.000044154993,0.0031405173,0.073078424,0.12819338,0.73415494,0.028318413,0.030286018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001370169,0.00002584865,0.0052938894,0.000018466237,0.000091340284,0.000041629293,0.0007857545,0.008012676,0.55474406,0.007554255,0.42080855,0.0012533563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.4429463e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.8891894e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7266007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026876793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005350467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4181219},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171558282","doi":"10.1364/ao.44.004513","title":"Computational modeling of the propagation of light through liquid crystals containing twist disclinations based on the finite-difference time-domain method","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Disclination; Finite-difference time-domain method; Optics; Liquid crystal; Materials science; Twist; Matrix method; Optical tweezers; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.033051562324217264,"score_gpt":0.31264999855709813,"score_spread":0.2795984362328809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2171558282","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25881433,0.000007686333,0.734379,0.0017313138,0.000031413532,0.0006934613,0.00006308258,0.000021362051,0.0042583835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8624887,0.0000012865602,0.13710344,0.0002195403,0.000033320524,0.000073858406,0.000015905507,0.000014829421,0.000049125258],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980272,0.00018389364,0.00048787004,0.00023217409,0.0008296093,0.00023923602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99776906,0.0012503901,0.00029825734,0.00038413226,0.00026112795,0.000037039983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010679819,0.00013827026,0.00020096134,0.000042999858,0.00022071942,0.000039474064,0.00046833168,0.00004538986,0.00010007008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046537735,0.0000845085,0.000056430712,0.0002519515,0.0001663074,0.00010827288,0.00015579462,0.00014239213,0.00001681383],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011805056,0.0000884587,0.0000021159692,0.000017726208,0.000005697545,1.0226668e-7,0.00042868042,0.5958635,0.3441619,0.05923713,0.000007045966,0.000069576505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037143106,0.00014260999,0.00000968114,0.000060803388,0.0000111733325,2.487645e-7,0.00020159231,0.73934233,0.24684864,0.012875624,0.000050863717,0.000085017695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004941667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030613114,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60367435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008418257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018105649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34461567},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2218236855","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.005897","title":"Electro-optical phase-change 2 × 2 switching using three- and four-waveguide directional couplers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Phase-change materials and chalcogenides","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Power dividers and directional couplers; Waveguide; Materials science; Optics; Optical switch; Silicon on insulator; Optoelectronics; Coupling (piping); Phase (matter); Crossbar switch; Silicon; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.1803187264020978,"score_gpt":0.3156580094770199,"score_spread":0.13533928307492207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2218236855","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846834,0.00022084996,0.011869223,0.00013930592,0.00055055914,0.00031308157,0.000029459765,0.00015050989,0.0020436307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97482,0.000028334698,0.02380538,0.00031341627,0.00090784265,0.000051223597,0.000014842886,0.000045655794,0.000013315781],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99830925,0.00002097137,0.00032501706,0.0004124299,0.0004051776,0.0005271589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916697,0.0000849021,0.00012493019,0.00022965671,0.000093734656,0.00029980138],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006106525,0.000264793,0.00033210733,0.00007610128,0.00020752937,0.0002103938,0.00016330092,0.00013048339,0.0000800127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005496183,0.00023954095,0.00004101962,0.00012128063,0.00011578496,0.00019624124,0.00015485253,0.00011958598,0.00005784775],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000117332005,0.00007837296,0.00002749518,0.000017724635,0.000015399975,0.000017032304,0.00028499603,0.000046777386,0.991685,0.0063616694,0.00009606995,0.0012521553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002872003,0.00026685797,0.0000826128,0.0000383586,0.00015204906,0.0002392652,0.00034236565,0.026417153,0.95483285,0.012490023,0.0015536976,0.0007127374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008810087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003596887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0368521,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010276353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000075775235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97681963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2231506129","doi":"10.1364/ao.55.000323","title":"Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager’s adaptive optics system","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; U.S. Department of Energy; Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Adaptive optics; Exoplanet; Wavefront; Optics; Planet; Deformable mirror; Remote sensing; Physics; Wavefront sensor; Atmospheric optics; Image quality; Computer science; Astronomy; Geology; Computer vision; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.009877264459341523,"score_gpt":0.19222182496528098,"score_spread":0.18234456050593945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2231506129","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77230865,0.000011439281,0.011186735,0.000067403445,0.00033155482,0.00041638853,0.00019576556,0.000039249255,0.21544284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907205,0.000003754533,0.008436272,0.000015741605,0.0002474995,0.0000073500873,0.00000905441,0.0000288208,0.0005310082],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989585,0.000014631454,0.0003006605,0.00021229767,0.0002210351,0.00029283695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990793,0.000113663016,0.00024320568,0.0004250733,0.000076426935,0.00006236227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000114121765,0.00019326925,0.00024224156,0.000026019095,0.00013499203,0.000016490994,0.00024471962,0.000051524104,0.00002306462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022169663,0.000111728616,0.00006239369,0.00008885694,0.00017808063,0.000054326138,0.00014497997,0.000119755285,0.00005945241],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009865487,0.000091397866,0.0055624917,0.00004581326,0.00018528377,0.0000016464381,0.00025009032,0.00082819315,0.026150534,0.95473915,0.00050740567,0.011539322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013897208,0.0014591241,0.04081707,0.002685742,0.0017769164,0.00005364675,0.020695198,0.2736928,0.6141131,0.012240362,0.012667407,0.005901437],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010268293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.0777533e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9424988,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000360862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005414909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45561606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2265847091","doi":"10.1364/ao.55.000920","title":"Development of an improved data analysis approach for combined laser extinction and two-angle elastic light scattering diagnostics of soot aggregates","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Soot; Optics; Materials science; Radius of gyration; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Scattering; Light scattering; Mie scattering; Refractive index; Volume fraction; Diffusion flame; Rayleigh scattering; Combustion; Physics; Chemistry; Polymer; Composite material","score_opus":0.01898640170111136,"score_gpt":0.2447839077314976,"score_spread":0.22579750603038626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2265847091","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19366504,0.0000308016,0.80583715,0.00001862416,0.00002139445,0.00019323427,0.000038736744,0.00013988823,0.00005510158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5999596,0.000016213096,0.3998515,0.0000020126918,0.0000119379865,0.000043863423,0.00008831605,0.000018516168,0.000008022658],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897414,0.000003279993,0.0003975545,0.00031734028,0.000111088804,0.00019662092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986692,0.00041077152,0.00018868748,0.000609676,0.0000726313,0.000049041548],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012770148,0.00016523621,0.0003270387,0.00015392093,0.00003689925,0.000007336019,0.00031632165,0.0000881727,0.0000035412575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037199756,0.00013350036,0.000029277913,0.00027967297,0.000070972266,0.00010512934,0.00027505273,0.00006799091,5.2444034e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012171551,0.0002711449,0.00014482133,0.00032265185,0.0006294529,4.231906e-7,0.00017930173,0.06888693,0.86280674,0.004589938,0.000007967007,0.062038913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012191876,0.00004157778,0.00009615766,0.000027960552,0.00033644913,6.298903e-7,0.00021091095,0.41975728,0.57752407,0.00046698024,0.00008901064,0.00022979641],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.666753e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029160326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40629455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033617256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001429352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54439867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2320852744","doi":"10.1364/ao.55.000co1","title":"Changing image of correlation optics: introduction","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.004783933192432903,"score_gpt":0.18815825899327662,"score_spread":0.18337432580084373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2320852744","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.056612507,0.00002395875,0.9158704,0.0001846214,0.0006412587,0.00013289362,0.0000068946,0.00026395754,0.026263459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97733176,0.000057323396,0.021842923,0.000015100051,0.00039528444,0.0000045869356,0.000009678825,0.000027766973,0.00031556687],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994375,0.0000032823875,0.00018679655,0.00009575689,0.00010954321,0.00016713733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996849,0.000041136023,0.000029544188,0.00015871057,0.000041114843,0.000044598466],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000918221,0.00008439183,0.00010509434,0.00014440373,0.0000259726,0.000010365714,0.00005808551,0.00007336961,0.00006106099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003446718,0.000069700494,0.00002361474,0.00026975916,0.000043429663,0.000094694304,0.000018749388,0.00006363942,0.00021779629],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018056833,0.00004224126,0.00009861965,0.00013704432,0.00006161862,8.1381495e-7,0.00034950842,0.03257876,0.5668876,0.3654974,0.00091499387,0.03341333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020462272,0.00010704099,0.0008340218,0.00008573839,0.00013986927,0.000009920095,0.00079394184,0.3340147,0.6436455,0.010783003,0.0065581067,0.000981877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.2789808e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.4026426e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92071927,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040121893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005212036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28423035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2407530088","doi":"10.1364/ao.54.006534","title":"Mathematical model for hybrid and panoramic stereovision systems: panoramic to rectilinear conversion model","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer vision; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Perspective (graphical); Matching (statistics); Optics; Viewing angle; Computer graphics (images); Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.048294517404005866,"score_gpt":0.2899874224311598,"score_spread":0.24169290502715396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2407530088","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0187427,0.00003824908,0.97930235,0.00020791462,0.00010996095,0.0006532156,0.000008281516,0.00015879232,0.000778515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.48597693,0.000007129056,0.513314,0.00034247822,0.000020515394,0.000026153175,0.0000035722276,0.00001786817,0.0002913109],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864185,0.000012186744,0.00029451647,0.0004576155,0.00028076867,0.00031306752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988871,0.00009525896,0.00007937369,0.00050111185,0.00014766163,0.00028946233],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031330818,0.00018513626,0.00026137373,0.00009545148,0.00010256659,0.00020166337,0.00038939086,0.00005327534,3.2785832e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005760156,0.00016666809,0.000032755775,0.00012748664,0.00003547022,0.0002680838,0.00037768134,0.00011002375,0.000048806334],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015634626,0.00017436042,0.00000740833,0.00028033808,0.00002153005,0.000005970861,0.0023349524,0.6229723,0.0067490665,0.32190993,0.003323653,0.04206411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006627429,0.00006342212,3.3945503e-7,0.000035259553,0.0000094932675,0.000012099023,0.00016732127,0.9681958,0.00089572545,0.02953937,0.00020993601,0.00020852106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.177071e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.1077782e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46723425,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007113739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000777845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67965275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2460412567","doi":"10.1364/ao.55.005076","title":"Linearly polarized Q-switched ceramic laser made with anisotropic nanostructured thin films","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Laser; Pulsed laser deposition; Refractive index; Birefringence; Thin film; Ceramic; Polarization (electrochemistry); Output coupler; Extinction ratio; Optoelectronics; Titanium; Slope efficiency; Fiber laser; Composite material; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.007481754756898662,"score_gpt":0.20994977157752095,"score_spread":0.2024680168206223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2460412567","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99105287,0.00001014361,0.004989645,0.00061786186,0.00018499375,0.00030381954,0.000036077025,0.00018761602,0.0026169587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88710046,0.0000040810787,0.11092947,0.00047127545,0.00010638612,0.000020761378,0.0000071129357,0.000040510295,0.0013199381],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99835116,0.000022974393,0.00031464588,0.00046345926,0.00036293556,0.000484835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990152,0.0001293271,0.00016178204,0.00044668445,0.00009385852,0.0001531485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017316997,0.0002556583,0.00029993575,0.000038009122,0.00016685555,0.00017667051,0.0003182368,0.00015962381,0.0004889728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009078597,0.0001446986,0.00004352741,0.00015933727,0.0001819188,0.0001398552,0.000109001376,0.00015122017,0.00045008276],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000110320725,0.00002666739,0.00018888478,0.000012846338,0.000008678881,0.000005999871,0.00016363683,0.000008640107,0.98197687,0.017021403,0.00014172409,0.00033435976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002357076,0.0002752346,0.001315454,0.000046237168,0.00005025231,0.0000121161775,0.0001307959,0.00026075184,0.9898901,0.004581201,0.0006122103,0.00046859396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024302328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012304824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10593982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003220286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006900124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59006375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2463827718","doi":"10.1364/ao.55.005526","title":"Multipoint sensing with a low-coherence source using single-arm frequency-shifted interferometry","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Broadband; Detector; Optical fiber; Physics; Fiber optic sensor","score_opus":0.013598268226969419,"score_gpt":0.2024218135273935,"score_spread":0.18882354530042408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2463827718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.56533134,0.00002776991,0.43161532,0.000012919888,0.00012166953,0.00021752134,0.0000051825878,0.00045268642,0.0022155764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7120329,0.000005763532,0.2876711,0.000032865475,0.00008469776,0.0000048747456,0.0000018926531,0.00012272605,0.000043184067],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99835503,0.000011784968,0.0003796152,0.00038633897,0.00027053567,0.00059672137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988797,0.00023504662,0.00009129771,0.0005480384,0.00007932548,0.00016659587],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000087024186,0.00038003252,0.000332068,0.00016689496,0.000073539995,0.00004271375,0.00020076084,0.00016609274,0.000028635635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000535007,0.0002938212,0.000044745415,0.00041838415,0.00017663167,0.00014824001,0.00006672821,0.0002927376,0.000085196036],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050801107,0.00006257681,0.00012889286,0.00007755065,0.00011068158,0.000046597637,0.0006651769,0.04959103,0.9177355,0.00070539216,0.000008311618,0.030817453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003975031,0.00037682374,0.00026236958,0.0015108874,0.00019769158,0.0003079862,0.001415558,0.1857708,0.8004268,0.0027913472,0.00034790064,0.0026167983],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000052423416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010794574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14670154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030602128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002430942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2483604105","doi":"10.1364/ao.55.005772","title":"Bayesian approach to the design of chemical species tomography experiments","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"A priori and a posteriori; Computer science; Path (computing); Tomography; Bayesian probability; Algorithm; Covariance; Iterative reconstruction; Covariance matrix; Mathematical optimization; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Optics; Statistics; Physics","score_opus":0.2700666714982641,"score_gpt":0.35852692241633416,"score_spread":0.08846025091807008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2483604105","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.024936462,0.0000208168,0.9281189,0.00055994897,0.00030559543,0.00067361287,0.0000053430585,0.00002134031,0.045358002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96743554,0.0000011328108,0.031336576,0.00012116235,0.00008532058,0.00005463213,0.000001414415,0.000006723726,0.0009575053],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967798,0.00008840252,0.00045254632,0.00038482362,0.0020783138,0.00021608478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99820304,0.00058734557,0.00014924155,0.0007093941,0.00025952575,0.00009146781],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004270365,0.000111477515,0.00017427308,0.00015762085,0.00008213189,0.00010542997,0.00090737,0.0000488476,0.00019580298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069626264,0.00005048763,0.0000722796,0.0008363683,0.00016156287,0.00006363925,0.00010347123,0.000038861024,0.00015935519],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012591283,0.00018601291,0.00045088326,0.000002159672,0.00003237326,1.3199808e-7,0.0022006952,0.0009806757,0.8664195,0.059573986,0.04290778,0.02711989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010082984,0.00007576849,0.0010388311,0.000018262,0.000037785867,0.0000011321678,0.0028905913,0.007514428,0.92878217,0.047479197,0.010804019,0.00034953468],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.0303323e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.6882759e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94249904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025450436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004087673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21439053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2551963638","doi":"10.1364/ao.55.00d162","title":"Automated assessment and tracking of human body thermal variations using unsupervised clustering","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","field":"Medicine","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Overheating (electricity); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Region of interest; Optics; Remote sensing; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.029023150714693063,"score_gpt":0.3260157195776731,"score_spread":0.29699256886298003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2551963638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9774747,0.000022160504,0.016156899,0.00012240169,0.00006653722,0.00036735728,0.000008431991,0.00018047015,0.00560105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9701995,0.000011529847,0.029523373,0.000095500225,0.00010693475,0.000009724339,0.0000075043035,0.00003268752,0.000013220828],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999011,0.00001961321,0.0003438996,0.00017545307,0.00023850212,0.00021153408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932814,0.00009283558,0.00012350247,0.0002770939,0.00009369852,0.00008474065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025287087,0.00013906656,0.00028810266,0.00014857878,0.000099738645,0.0000102473,0.000067883244,0.00009502481,0.000070520466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016304662,0.00009924764,0.000039932635,0.00016951672,0.00013462514,0.000049367736,0.000049925708,0.000110279085,0.0000010687853],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002710545,0.00007452828,0.0054035336,0.000082669,0.00011889243,0.0000078901185,0.00041730865,0.000039622322,0.9831219,0.007449153,0.0000047489316,0.0032526937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.014016178,0.0007801451,0.7770245,0.0013643851,0.0013187911,0.00010374787,0.0010086251,0.11314478,0.08922154,0.001307385,0.000036656125,0.00067324605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007143673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.1833737e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89390033,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055984983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056584846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40472013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560821051","doi":"10.1364/ao.55.010105","title":"First mesospheric wind images using the Michelson interferometer for airglow dynamics imaging","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Airglow; Michelson interferometer; Doppler effect; Remote sensing; Interferometry; Irradiance; Optics; Mesopause; Field of view; Physics; Environmental science; Geology; Mesosphere; Meteorology; Astronomy","score_opus":0.006756114686134659,"score_gpt":0.21843895127781707,"score_spread":0.2116828365916824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2560821051","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11226399,0.000047881746,0.8745799,0.0008448132,0.00036982307,0.00060885475,0.00011027698,0.00005840612,0.011116065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95133054,0.000005729167,0.046538375,0.00015891115,0.00040420424,0.000045843783,0.000027587483,0.00007154989,0.0014172285],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988043,0.000011714935,0.0002822719,0.00031930255,0.00012274255,0.00045966814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990607,0.00022512901,0.00014853886,0.0004158142,0.00008301363,0.00006678937],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013629984,0.0002702325,0.00022692328,0.000013469641,0.00026867053,0.000108958804,0.00034590546,0.00004894091,0.00022542017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000057829407,0.0001699518,0.00014803172,0.00013219703,0.00013238768,0.00013720876,0.00013642602,0.00011758819,0.000031599262],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027926394,0.00046739035,0.017120356,0.00013591933,0.00069309055,0.0000053151907,0.0009442341,0.004390987,0.020716013,0.5017687,0.0074620973,0.44601667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009781917,0.00037144392,0.0022220842,0.0003592934,0.0012716254,0.000024872681,0.0077183144,0.72961676,0.020277819,0.16420546,0.060060434,0.0040899683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045514073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001882865,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83906657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008745324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045008393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69304335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2585653343","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.00oic1","title":"The Optical Society’s 2016 topical meeting on optical interference coatings: introduction","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Optical coating; Telecommunications; Interference (communication); Coating; Optical materials; Engineering physics; Computer science; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.01685513025018214,"score_gpt":0.2619916210960988,"score_spread":0.24513649084591665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2585653343","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8517909,0.000025400672,0.005439322,0.018379683,0.0015869434,0.00048032348,0.0000056955023,0.0002103205,0.12208143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95280874,0.000028231017,0.04395718,0.00044486864,0.0017447713,0.00004930931,0.0000031973163,0.0000289245,0.000934807],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978373,0.000025430574,0.0004762533,0.00056615437,0.00047326472,0.0006216161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978489,0.0006344357,0.00027222373,0.000925071,0.00014278419,0.00017656242],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010322084,0.0002547902,0.0002715473,0.000013356925,0.00203524,0.001238881,0.0009097409,0.00017651198,0.00005829581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015610051,0.00016876876,0.00011393097,0.0000465588,0.0008726754,0.00015686749,0.00051031826,0.000496287,0.00052741996],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000084862,0.00008039326,0.000036486188,0.000018529052,0.000009780764,0.0000023952075,0.00023606277,0.00004501473,0.37560537,0.60597193,0.004434607,0.013474533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015206797,0.0009885072,0.0012824698,0.00020372221,0.00012352904,0.000025280535,0.0017322003,0.005792037,0.9421898,0.023101991,0.021827493,0.0012122776],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009024401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007712467,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58286995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006264383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055192242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2592595259","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.002099","title":"Background noise removal in x-ray ptychography","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada)","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ptychography; Optics; Noise (video); Diffraction; Image resolution; Spatial frequency; Resolution (logic); Image quality; Background noise; Physics; Materials science; Computer science; Acoustics; Image (mathematics); Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.017966794375601548,"score_gpt":0.2923392201281061,"score_spread":0.27437242575250453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2592595259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.52233976,0.000034999073,0.10304455,0.00026683864,0.0002175171,0.0005276575,0.000018130944,0.00020923547,0.37334132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8404013,0.0000049941623,0.15914547,0.00004477422,0.00017970699,0.000042481184,0.000011186,0.000028738908,0.00014138386],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908954,0.000006910168,0.0001959096,0.00027740974,0.00012623411,0.00030401646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988473,0.000026873715,0.00015139258,0.00088120037,0.000029792573,0.000063454456],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012329193,0.00017344215,0.00019474603,0.00007588411,0.00020014586,0.0001449789,0.00048898184,0.000042136147,0.0000384228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000040550112,0.00018170763,0.00006504599,0.00007598057,0.0001499164,0.00017119528,0.00015295489,0.00024462954,0.00005378797],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023006774,0.0002460191,0.05280015,0.000012273971,0.000041955547,0.000016352295,0.00013697491,0.00017696882,0.005325428,0.90639013,0.0006418788,0.034188833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004758884,0.00009947021,0.07875241,0.00016566199,0.00011610684,0.000005076632,0.0015136058,0.0033645597,0.027481552,0.798623,0.082749866,0.0023697554],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006842908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038906114,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37319994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017593418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020135752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7409822},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2597522984","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.002714","title":"Standard-wheel-based field calibration method for railway wheelset diameter online measuring system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Calibration; Computer science; Calipers; Solver; Nonlinear programming; Displacement (psychology); Field (mathematics); Residual; Nonlinear system; Optics; Algorithm; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03256917707963292,"score_gpt":0.2841638815153255,"score_spread":0.2515947044356926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2597522984","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0026918813,0.000047110934,0.99012196,0.00009072336,0.00031139093,0.0005487589,0.000056349043,0.0006177836,0.0055140615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.475794,0.0000053499666,0.5237534,0.0000676793,0.00014087283,0.0001475595,0.000027051445,0.000039910574,0.000024200099],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913853,0.000011409589,0.00023375952,0.00019417303,0.00015983594,0.00026229967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908835,0.00016267467,0.00008948617,0.0005014764,0.00009464981,0.00006335863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039786412,0.00018116616,0.00027201785,0.00007253332,0.00020274844,0.000069348025,0.00023536482,0.00016650687,0.0000036012248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012632045,0.00017883562,0.000056398167,0.00004080505,0.000024793488,0.0001092346,0.000025064348,0.00015510473,0.0000019070197],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008054481,0.00016115268,0.0016215846,0.002711267,0.0005637696,0.000016372209,0.0002700248,0.05766477,0.66276777,0.046934873,0.0075834068,0.21889955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014599353,0.00015370914,0.000091623624,0.00008259792,0.00011554204,0.0000012288367,0.000050817132,0.2196462,0.76918006,0.0011784608,0.007641067,0.000398775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000027572942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021638956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47310212,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009337668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000255812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72927046},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2598716293","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.002937","title":"Polarization anisotropy of thermal lens in Yb:KY(WO_4)_2 laser crystal under high-power diode pumping","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Laser; Polarization (electrochemistry); Diode; Anisotropy; Lens (geology); Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.012137373209081953,"score_gpt":0.21573924498564978,"score_spread":0.20360187177656783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2598716293","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821833,0.000018878534,0.012001964,0.000097907396,0.00016843295,0.00017954168,0.00002046717,0.00033550005,0.0049940296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936739,0.00003843749,0.0061242077,0.000023940724,0.00002908139,0.0000154511,0.000014406077,0.000055187847,0.000025356421],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909496,0.000005694483,0.00025216222,0.0001765044,0.00015765747,0.00031301056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919283,0.000038687973,0.000087166576,0.000626914,0.000027739028,0.000026637175],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007454726,0.00018086264,0.00023158733,0.000106253836,0.00009590058,0.00005945519,0.0003700166,0.00019870039,0.000016591634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030369902,0.0001905822,0.00003211436,0.00009497131,0.00011986198,0.00019433344,0.00013682937,0.00023010443,0.000018500998],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034942506,0.00008030565,0.0065801903,0.00009693576,0.00010209868,0.000019165582,0.0004926307,0.2964371,0.58482957,0.11058945,0.000059811606,0.0006778154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002518996,0.00008977649,0.14520048,0.00009347048,0.00006613348,0.0000033415076,0.0012560666,0.044222206,0.794616,0.010716971,0.00024179612,0.00097476796],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038668342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000033382177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2522149,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007010686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013773848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7771717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2608110871","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.003923","title":"Very accurate temperature control of bones by a CO_2 laser for medical applications","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine","field":"Medicine","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Laser; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.010414445179132127,"score_gpt":0.30883378151032725,"score_spread":0.2984193363311951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2608110871","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53757995,0.0018710748,0.31202966,0.04448767,0.0012457536,0.01910584,0.0026970254,0.0005396472,0.0804434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99239767,0.00017127875,0.00256132,0.0010974361,0.0004455724,0.0012592579,0.00029508944,0.000027041455,0.0017453111],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987815,0.0000058442156,0.00037158173,0.00027323855,0.00034712927,0.00022071456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99818087,0.00019375974,0.00023654419,0.00096554676,0.00019146428,0.00023180623],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002904862,0.00015561437,0.000395041,0.000034178476,0.0002796254,0.000029417128,0.00034987868,0.0002489679,0.000055373162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002415648,0.00012821416,0.0000809728,0.00006784836,0.00035639835,0.000044779525,0.00005278741,0.00022817463,0.000023980734],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0030821613,0.0037956832,0.005012409,0.0027732728,0.0015963174,0.00005697488,0.00036131128,0.00003962042,0.41683233,0.22173133,0.30206987,0.0426487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.041248213,0.0006841747,0.0065164757,0.00047310063,0.0025400168,0.0002518671,0.0006324815,0.002107811,0.33208686,0.0072197486,0.6052395,0.0009997466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037485213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023265645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45481774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020831409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001614683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52284217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2627049841","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.005172","title":"Temporal evolution of low-coherence reflectrometry signals in photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions; Ministry of Advanced Education and Technology; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Terry Fox Foundation; Alberta Cancer Board","keywords":"Optics; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Optical coherence tomography; Interferometry; Laser; Microscopy; Finite-difference time-domain method; Materials science; Doppler effect; Reflection (computer programming); Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.009721870713707283,"score_gpt":0.2491263966125079,"score_spread":0.23940452589880062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2627049841","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72431475,0.00011558838,0.26744753,0.000007312607,0.00020182454,0.00020740673,0.000010231739,0.000089790046,0.0076055685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95229214,0.00002601579,0.04754927,0.000013506613,0.000049066402,0.0000011027909,0.0000042175143,0.000036405378,0.000028255086],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989179,0.000007903326,0.00032644908,0.00020055086,0.00016829578,0.0003789301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920183,0.00007895034,0.00012343511,0.0004991693,0.00003931288,0.000057277044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023362866,0.00018103949,0.00028556035,0.00013507347,0.00010466695,0.00005551893,0.00025432065,0.000111817906,0.0000078944695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000830712,0.00020464642,0.000038726055,0.00014871515,0.000115780036,0.00008853446,0.000044345157,0.0002808347,0.000010860127],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015989943,0.0000119920705,0.00013433721,0.00016671125,0.000016697246,0.00001115716,0.00012999786,0.014483064,0.98215175,0.00006913822,0.000036958343,0.0027722365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063424377,0.0000192636,0.0015034036,0.0002680162,0.00003400998,0.000012749751,0.00021283436,0.5844409,0.41039073,0.0021474648,0.000014830922,0.00032154613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013924457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019763838,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.571761,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021169026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000595912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83452386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2761224370","doi":"10.1364/ao.49.004791","title":"Photonic bandgap fiber bundle spectrometer","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Spectrometer; Bundle; Materials science; Photonic crystal; Photonic-crystal fiber; Optical fiber; Multispectral image; Photonics; Optoelectronics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.00648947469012525,"score_gpt":0.23107514855815015,"score_spread":0.2245856738680249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2761224370","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49600342,0.000009579688,0.00014609643,0.000098525205,0.000054743596,0.000073133066,0.000013954608,0.00014098713,0.5034596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97803557,0.00001241751,0.01335204,0.00016036842,0.00035425794,0.00013805057,0.000051662748,0.00004135371,0.007854285],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990273,0.0000014620232,0.00018196805,0.00030267032,0.00015657341,0.00033001113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999053,0.000070679824,0.000057758778,0.0006786422,0.000024100047,0.00011582013],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000062206316,0.00016642701,0.00014916732,0.000032070075,0.00012897018,0.00005838152,0.00028382827,0.00016580652,0.017165003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009205652,0.0001653084,0.00006602812,0.00013186541,0.00008914487,0.00003430286,0.00005903209,0.00050473347,0.0017141997],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012791614,0.00015887756,0.000043709864,0.00001652216,0.000027882126,0.0000011357325,0.00006067618,0.0000059732924,0.9401567,0.057633583,0.0012569907,0.0006251403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003982289,0.000012549849,0.000065715576,0.0000025377662,0.000043965905,0.0000113514625,0.00004497653,0.0003622246,0.86130375,0.0053716265,0.13212802,0.00025506315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007691187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021643566,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4956053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027867525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003940491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990631},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767496479","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.009090","title":"Multi-element direct design using a freeform surface for a compact illumination system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Nonimaging optics; Ray tracing (physics); Optics; Computer science; Surface (topology); Iterative method; Flexibility (engineering); Grid; Coordinate system; Direction vector; Algorithm; Computer vision; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.060689436635787804,"score_gpt":0.2821251043725121,"score_spread":0.2214356677367243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767496479","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012582949,0.000049090708,0.97951436,0.000008511147,0.0003194604,0.001593994,0.000027988317,0.00038546452,0.0055181882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6564667,0.000003169095,0.3433173,0.0000030457907,0.00006575248,0.00003876201,0.000005140358,0.000056191606,0.00004391429],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880147,0.0000122270985,0.00034099404,0.00023284962,0.00019617917,0.00041629467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989462,0.00016255229,0.00013752123,0.0005643378,0.00007347967,0.0001158917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003987534,0.0002437031,0.00034734586,0.000035970632,0.0003591438,0.00014160905,0.0003043682,0.0001149649,0.0000028148957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004898242,0.00023887743,0.00006406261,0.000050137674,0.0000498193,0.00015040123,0.000032676457,0.00009388887,0.000025719959],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002757778,0.000032328022,0.000042030853,0.00041475007,0.00009100214,0.0000038175494,0.00014858998,0.93511444,0.057118323,0.005697487,0.00007221781,0.001237434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090512756,0.000032127045,0.00011949856,0.000084304476,0.000057738584,0.0000037780715,0.00018507623,0.9645422,0.03343184,0.00004960715,0.0002832454,0.0003054213],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011325662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000050380845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64388376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048511705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018553466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9741139},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767518135","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.009114","title":"Watt-level tunable 15  μm narrow linewidth fiber ring laser based on a temperature tuning π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Laser linewidth; Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; Optics; Fiber laser; Laser; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.02189862871637923,"score_gpt":0.25320953075854374,"score_spread":0.2313109020421645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767518135","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90360814,0.000106924264,0.0046610404,0.00033482787,0.00082140556,0.00115581,0.00019509984,0.0015952841,0.087521486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8526682,0.000006315177,0.14192353,0.00028118814,0.00045748588,0.000082392835,0.00011096303,0.0002877743,0.0041821236],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99745977,0.000019028346,0.0005193173,0.0006100179,0.00047715413,0.0009147046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976884,0.00027007287,0.0001888971,0.0014737835,0.00010537679,0.0002734835],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024354986,0.000635648,0.0005375591,0.00016779329,0.00073698175,0.00039532233,0.00059565116,0.0004087462,0.00028623035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002010087,0.000650871,0.00012861076,0.00021369597,0.00011235538,0.00029073,0.00012044937,0.0010032919,0.0003674373],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010696929,0.00013515881,0.000065675296,0.00020298555,0.00011712146,0.00012218369,0.00052385044,0.9486955,0.04060568,0.0006993964,0.0021116082,0.006613884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0070095365,0.00016835587,0.0006311011,0.0004842304,0.00017079104,0.000022967266,0.00031801625,0.8638685,0.10922055,0.00049259665,0.015384182,0.0022292181],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000067235874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008455979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13726248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001618742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048040823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767781420","doi":"10.1364/ao.56.009079","title":"Elimination of self-mode-locking pulses in high-power continuous-wave Yb-doped fiber lasers with external feedback","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fiber laser; Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; Optics; Laser linewidth; Laser; Output coupler; Optoelectronics; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Bandwidth (computing); Injection seeder; Slope efficiency; Distributed feedback laser; Optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.00729317850677592,"score_gpt":0.20118609419453104,"score_spread":0.19389291568775513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767781420","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9735603,0.000027944758,0.0011283623,0.000021154381,0.00011661732,0.00025359995,0.000017703474,0.00009719708,0.02477713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883009,0.000049249487,0.011369014,0.000011984273,0.0000393716,0.000022086771,0.000009693877,0.000048599428,0.00014907501],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998997,0.0000045590327,0.00028909324,0.00018987668,0.00021986374,0.00029962367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926656,0.000045188313,0.00012832572,0.00043730385,0.00005907274,0.00006352841],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010367038,0.00020583252,0.00029456135,0.000075077915,0.00007661916,0.00008164268,0.00022145285,0.0001134376,0.00003321291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010684303,0.00019460199,0.000034449928,0.00007220568,0.000077142155,0.00014340776,0.000073859315,0.0002127739,0.00001578269],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015575209,0.0019657826,0.013969512,0.0023963358,0.0015328574,0.00069764245,0.019288894,0.41212976,0.38613135,0.1074278,0.000911711,0.051990848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.019166285,0.0010050312,0.1709488,0.0014455854,0.0006673826,0.00013802154,0.002987957,0.3470043,0.4393106,0.007541041,0.0052655684,0.0045194267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019357416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004914249,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1569793,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000071406794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022613875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7935639},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2779648858","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.000018","title":"Modulation transfer function of liquid crystal microlenses and microprisms using double dielectric layer","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut National d'Optique","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Optics; Optical transfer function; Materials science; Dielectric; Modulation (music); Liquid crystal; Layer (electronics); Spatial frequency; Crystal (programming language); Optoelectronics; Physics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.038657456968149075,"score_gpt":0.29329732858175134,"score_spread":0.25463987161360224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2779648858","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95886827,0.00006161483,0.039781068,0.000017181252,0.000096302094,0.00029199765,0.000010771898,0.000019432926,0.0008533899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949098,0.000045884295,0.0048720315,0.00001805179,0.000053694213,0.000011466268,0.0000047595554,0.0000195739,0.00006474335],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894696,0.000012376606,0.00022168647,0.00025239048,0.00027621715,0.00029037773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935794,0.000024736955,0.000094106945,0.00035449478,0.000097872486,0.00007086411],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023302351,0.00012166788,0.00016663304,0.00006463041,0.00029579946,0.00012193592,0.0001860276,0.00006877945,0.000040948493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019214927,0.000115718685,0.000025002544,0.000052825748,0.00016062637,0.0002845328,0.00010697713,0.000079382844,0.000009117388],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00096176227,0.000042256277,0.000052306677,0.000045702953,0.00001022816,0.0000010699263,0.000078656565,0.00038919086,0.99496496,0.0029095758,0.0000034228026,0.0005408514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010369207,0.00021979248,0.00074181287,0.000015289015,0.000025453688,0.000002460083,0.000030866395,0.0013802154,0.99565804,0.00062378036,0.0001355053,0.00012984463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004598435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000076065876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036041554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040559204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043067597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4718871},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2787179311","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.000969","title":"Scattering phase function depolarization parameter model and its application to water droplets sizing using off-axis lidar measurements at multiple angles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Scattering; Optics; Monte Carlo method; Depolarization; Polarimetry; Forward scatter; Mie scattering; Phase (matter); Sizing; Light scattering; Depolarization ratio; Materials science; Physics; Remote sensing; Computational physics; Geology","score_opus":0.030473010297116673,"score_gpt":0.2471768789023789,"score_spread":0.21670386860526225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2787179311","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7653811,0.000010620019,0.23375557,0.000021684937,0.000037919257,0.00033824318,0.0000021700541,0.000033690718,0.00041899612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9703798,0.0000041439616,0.029126437,0.00030812708,0.000061807346,0.00004098811,0.000015359634,0.000029261237,0.000034046636],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988896,0.000009841868,0.0001957485,0.0003734374,0.00025305978,0.00027828114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996076,0.000010492363,0.000060065027,0.00019264629,0.000017889935,0.00011128554],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012583927,0.000156017,0.000113034104,0.0000038105902,0.00034214713,0.000042794407,0.00008981716,0.0000782744,0.000042624986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008194115,0.00013746697,0.0000189809,0.000106633284,0.00006493506,0.00013844208,0.00024067421,0.000050643317,0.00017502804],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045206456,0.000049950206,0.004743458,0.000006185473,0.000007931214,1.5777059e-7,0.00043336008,0.021404263,0.95906556,0.000016697622,0.0000057698853,0.0142214745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057946495,0.00008120681,0.0029078887,0.0000073964566,0.00004588751,0.0000020810112,0.0000495048,0.7636933,0.23187922,0.000128291,0.0003602716,0.00026551154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028527305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057943962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.742289,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016420778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000034129273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.560574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791375723","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.002080","title":"Investigation of impact and spreading of molten nanosized gold droplets on solid surfaces","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Wetting; Substrate (aquarium); Nanotechnology; Heat transfer; Scanning electron microscope; Contact angle; Nanoscopic scale; Nano-; Context (archaeology); Composite material; Mechanics","score_opus":0.010967968408456376,"score_gpt":0.22438491037745606,"score_spread":0.21341694196899968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791375723","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923373,0.000036327394,0.00048223377,0.0000093958,0.000049062295,0.000108831584,0.000016693337,0.000032744298,0.0069274344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978048,0.00008713298,0.0020347333,0.000010912033,0.000023964909,0.0000026753248,0.000006473935,0.000020864445,0.000008441392],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953455,0.0000032863384,0.00017581122,0.000080932376,0.00008868217,0.000116762705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997476,0.000042240146,0.00001587116,0.0001172241,0.00003067608,0.000046412668],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007346786,0.00009483422,0.00017434971,0.000054287502,0.000014848152,0.000008116606,0.000051288695,0.00006588589,0.0000063796997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000037596035,0.00008698134,0.000022832552,0.00008517647,0.000084110834,0.00002651938,0.000009269233,0.00005595499,0.0000034443178],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023347433,0.000007450877,0.0009660712,0.00010535766,0.000052120504,2.8890162e-7,0.0006383657,0.023473207,0.96207535,0.012348178,0.000081907834,0.00022834598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058244454,0.00018969223,0.010948696,0.000068783884,0.000038153525,0.0000010320991,0.00003676493,0.5853408,0.40113616,0.0014724889,0.000014000192,0.00017098176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014148871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009246868,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5618676,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015660653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009449574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3546996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794201513","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.001950","title":"Multi-objective optimization framework for designing photonic crystal sensors","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Photonic crystal; Computer science; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.015137580891539696,"score_gpt":0.24422612593051626,"score_spread":0.22908854503897658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2794201513","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020926615,0.00004896,0.9659805,0.00000795937,0.00028196335,0.0004916719,0.0000130901035,0.00035467526,0.0118945595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.49244758,0.000022167385,0.5072285,0.000049690538,0.0001246106,0.000059991442,0.000008425278,0.000039863844,0.000019177814],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910164,0.00000596195,0.00019888495,0.00021858979,0.000110230845,0.00036468392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993716,0.0002259956,0.000034659563,0.0001977989,0.000077494566,0.00009244268],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010919392,0.00018534226,0.00018777409,0.000052525305,0.00012791537,0.000051298317,0.00013070283,0.00019351045,0.000045106557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060775383,0.00019105124,0.000052264688,0.00017693393,0.000090846974,0.00006818243,0.000027145632,0.0001728723,0.000052597014],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007248503,0.0000636052,0.000011795867,0.000120602235,0.0001631849,0.0000022250795,0.0014901502,0.9177987,0.028014606,0.051376622,0.000095577896,0.0007904554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040274224,0.000053982614,0.000025575864,0.000025076222,0.000041142397,0.0000017312983,0.00031829247,0.93965274,0.057216313,0.0016765955,0.00032809048,0.00025770388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000012603249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023397222,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.471521,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007097582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020294721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7790844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2796350064","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.000d74","title":"Eddy current pulsed thermography for ballistic impact evaluation in basalt-carbon hybrid composite panels","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Thermography; Materials science; Basalt fiber; Inconel; Nondestructive testing; Optics; Fibre-reinforced plastic; Stacking; Composite material; Infrared; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Fiber","score_opus":0.019508062236414103,"score_gpt":0.28026518320175553,"score_spread":0.2607571209653414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2796350064","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9094702,0.0003561724,0.08400481,0.000005896314,0.00042369633,0.0017005533,0.0002559368,0.0004914141,0.003291324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99725825,0.00006119792,0.0019509288,0.000016598067,0.00021014639,0.0003510236,0.00009352915,0.00005743982,9.063792e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889004,0.000022130014,0.0002926205,0.00022123137,0.00021589728,0.00035806556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993581,0.00012500689,0.000049592276,0.00030330516,0.00008698939,0.000076993805],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042126427,0.0002408266,0.00023330167,0.00023690566,0.000048431142,0.00003772347,0.00018574981,0.00008185177,0.00002527448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012373089,0.00023340806,0.00010929347,0.0003259708,0.00007480552,0.000035443853,0.0000174514,0.0001773494,0.0000019473528],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000582692,0.00052639586,0.0017262496,0.0005686662,0.00044873214,0.0000045027928,0.0016875811,0.05292664,0.695864,0.004090365,0.0007842286,0.24078995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017278949,0.00027695773,0.014831497,0.00012786416,0.00025739436,0.000003782441,0.00004208404,0.8599413,0.09807917,0.023530314,0.00040575335,0.0007760051],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012958416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000056014746,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80701464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007688148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023235989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9518105},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2804965280","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.004457","title":"Addressable spatial light modulators for eye-tracking autostereoscopic three-dimensional display using a scanning laser","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"National Research Foundation Singapore","keywords":"Spatial light modulator; Optics; Computer science; Holographic display; Rendering (computer graphics); Autostereoscopy; Backlight; Liquid-crystal display; Stereo display; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Materials science; Stereoscopy; Holography; Physics","score_opus":0.01930845396231199,"score_gpt":0.27535386289579494,"score_spread":0.25604540893348293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2804965280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5779786,0.000052917865,0.4192492,0.000049010723,0.00043383226,0.00036702197,0.000011779668,0.0009842181,0.0008734146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7136673,0.000001053035,0.28592607,0.00003786389,0.00022049673,0.000038080903,0.000008196268,0.00007977395,0.000021189153],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985856,0.0000030982865,0.00029778475,0.00033226414,0.00019662894,0.0005846186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992775,0.00008803157,0.000056423523,0.00040447412,0.000091320784,0.00008229409],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000089724905,0.000283678,0.0002796893,0.00010517546,0.0002106599,0.000077808865,0.0002581941,0.00018023573,0.000016453812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006565475,0.00028630442,0.000054684555,0.00018687783,0.00018101264,0.00014256527,0.00016163349,0.00024192897,0.000035565343],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000098888544,0.00010726521,0.0018783218,0.00034841924,0.00027997125,0.000023355678,0.00032939494,0.7126067,0.23682396,0.024055537,0.0008960923,0.022552043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004825416,0.00004028454,0.00026316138,0.00009650696,0.00005014742,0.0000042528245,0.00003311848,0.8520091,0.14058113,0.0053433105,0.00070871954,0.00038772906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007901506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027081505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13940236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011362433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002154552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2805651174","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.004601","title":"Determining the size and refractive index of homogeneous spherical aerosol particles using Mie resonance spectroscopy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mie scattering; Optics; Scattering; Light scattering; Resonance (particle physics); Refractive index; Rayleigh scattering; Spectroscopy; Materials science; Multiangle light scattering; Physics; Atomic physics","score_opus":0.015100917617505897,"score_gpt":0.23159373023606156,"score_spread":0.21649281261855566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2805651174","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99570894,0.00011881274,0.00075329473,0.000028890412,0.00004408774,0.00010258536,0.000010197046,0.000013925122,0.0032192932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9627029,0.000028319375,0.036956124,0.00011618436,0.0001654994,8.0930914e-7,0.0000017238275,0.000004400807,0.000024072011],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922323,0.000014500602,0.00017597106,0.00019865933,0.0001520096,0.00023562634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992956,0.0003106357,0.000112231355,0.00018184216,0.000032754306,0.00006692902],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000097275166,0.0001146093,0.00015069603,0.0000012211328,0.00020026862,0.000035599394,0.00014285906,0.00006108577,0.00015736705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005675312,0.000082499915,0.000021655784,0.00013169521,0.00048255335,0.000049164293,0.00002610775,0.000111710586,0.000009408214],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00065927196,0.000120353485,0.52480364,0.0000600968,0.00008730054,0.000027374306,0.0021011017,0.0021937948,0.41270298,0.00018109674,0.00012369189,0.056939304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000987108,0.0003720987,0.22465865,0.000044366836,0.00008436227,0.00004393946,0.0013518572,0.03954728,0.73023725,0.0015414922,0.0006076978,0.0005239018],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000576381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005000057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31753427,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000041251287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035221907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3364249},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883500110","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.006135","title":"Generation of optical Bessel beams with arbitrarily curved trajectories using a magnetic-liquid deformable mirror","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bessel beam; Optics; Bessel function; Physics; Trajectory; Beam (structure); Main lobe; Deformable mirror; Phase (matter); Geometrical optics; Adaptive optics; Light beam; Computer science","score_opus":0.02740567755858641,"score_gpt":0.24696287580991133,"score_spread":0.21955719825132491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2883500110","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9481909,0.000021673002,0.030613791,0.00002006112,0.00014190093,0.00029981896,0.000027183656,0.000028785105,0.020655867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87622714,0.0000011671225,0.123155534,0.000025661324,0.0003726173,0.000021403264,0.000050037208,0.00003776782,0.00010867524],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875325,0.0000105361,0.00033833736,0.00025530224,0.00027928705,0.0003633144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923235,0.000026026395,0.00013648791,0.00032034275,0.00018429464,0.00010049575],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000107362146,0.00023008558,0.0002715804,0.0000536077,0.00014745102,0.000060784885,0.00016386928,0.00006948447,0.000081246195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002927819,0.0002014983,0.00005831683,0.00023293312,0.00032841152,0.00013286523,0.000069247326,0.00014492382,0.000019296289],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039837084,0.00063310633,0.0012902034,0.000073233765,0.00022495295,0.0000027952271,0.001420976,0.0008887917,0.5414956,0.45250902,0.000047568727,0.0010153549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017862265,0.0017529858,0.0003525355,0.00004236538,0.00031962572,0.0000069386306,0.0013434942,0.026500354,0.96394515,0.0026633348,0.0005737971,0.0007131888],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008755905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013669093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44984567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031063737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011403532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8216862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883831062","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.006219","title":"Continuum removal for ground-based LWIR hyperspectral infrared imagery applying non-negative matrix factorization","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Hyperspectral imaging; Non-negative matrix factorization; Radiance; Matrix decomposition; Computer science; Remote sensing; Optics; Pattern recognition (psychology); Algorithm; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Geology","score_opus":0.015077951071799435,"score_gpt":0.2455445984946564,"score_spread":0.23046664742285697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2883831062","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11169173,0.0000132071555,0.8721852,0.000042324005,0.0006567205,0.0011352164,0.000022661628,0.00055979344,0.013693207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7093294,0.000003939854,0.2895951,0.000042288015,0.0005502737,0.000055613884,0.00009142183,0.00009149714,0.00024043776],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874985,0.000010549782,0.00034322604,0.00030653353,0.00020006276,0.00038980192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989913,0.00021479427,0.000106535,0.0003787367,0.00022713232,0.000081503866],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015947573,0.0002578533,0.00025353514,0.00013485368,0.00015636328,0.00014910016,0.00015578058,0.00017022343,0.000008274477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000110223555,0.00029155595,0.00007424673,0.00029789883,0.00014112201,0.00015832404,0.000018376812,0.00016626346,0.000076220866],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008457919,0.000035232995,0.000020553132,0.00012218027,0.000063178784,0.000004295906,0.0007098071,0.0035006546,0.9867709,0.0020788775,0.00182965,0.0047800536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014222213,0.000067433066,0.000901924,0.000036364207,0.00007432221,0.0000075260623,0.0003978243,0.5758749,0.41519564,0.0026241813,0.0028487202,0.0005489372],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033852994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003862093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5976377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023033802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000489254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889954235","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.007618","title":"Dynamic compensation of gradient index rod lens aberrations by using liquid crystals","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Lens (geology); Materials science; Transmittance; Liquid crystal; Refractive index; Compensation (psychology); Electrode; Root mean square; Physics","score_opus":0.009651364032446734,"score_gpt":0.218015711756578,"score_spread":0.20836434772413126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889954235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.923428,0.00024725884,0.07353885,0.000034025743,0.000090402544,0.00012373207,0.000011653979,0.00038707574,0.0021390133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99442774,0.00010765312,0.0053607854,0.000015731437,0.000017430099,0.0000065878785,0.000020178148,0.000024012168,0.000019909816],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994181,0.000003663522,0.00019920117,0.00010770622,0.00007870876,0.00019266098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967206,0.000020012389,0.00004575238,0.00020143321,0.000043881533,0.000016843234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006695422,0.00010376275,0.00012717785,0.00007593941,0.00006897869,0.000011183537,0.00010222473,0.00010340781,0.0000052051555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010433116,0.00011385654,0.000020974836,0.00016618143,0.00010304029,0.00003674991,0.000025576303,0.000109231885,0.0000065035247],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000046060936,0.000015225035,0.000011165155,0.000018147372,0.00002534054,1.5106417e-7,0.00020179998,0.0013134532,0.99387896,0.0030441796,0.00072341267,0.0007635352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022166976,0.00011290939,0.000043654352,0.000022077153,0.000030421015,0.000004703649,0.0002537815,0.034890596,0.96217406,0.00051125657,0.0015392735,0.00019560859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000073460737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008433576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07099972,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006964622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013570383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4642935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2894160901","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.008314","title":"Experimental study of the turbulence effect on underwater optical wireless communications","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Scintillation; Optics; Underwater; Free-space optical communication; Optical link; Optical communication; Physics; Span (engineering); Probability density function; Range (aeronautics); Transmission (telecommunications); Optical wireless; Log-normal distribution; Underwater acoustic communication; Telecommunications; Wireless; Mechanics; Computer science; Optical fiber; Statistics; Aerospace engineering; Mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.019318033183499384,"score_gpt":0.264249472508276,"score_spread":0.24493143932477662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2894160901","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97866493,0.000047168338,0.0003462376,0.00010791448,0.00008728019,0.0004978688,0.0000016138358,0.00032401708,0.019922972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972842,0.000017061644,0.0024912907,0.000027425081,0.00001649566,0.00012188997,0.0000014717539,0.000029437926,0.0000107412825],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920696,0.000035311026,0.00024269904,0.00013262451,0.00020212262,0.00018027284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997415,0.0002780209,0.000036187168,0.0022054238,0.000034056462,0.000031314885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011226792,0.00015340811,0.00018367672,0.000043163916,0.00014812978,0.00002347791,0.0014445116,0.000097633616,0.000008177434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019456538,0.00010980788,0.000034916695,0.00022984587,0.00059287663,0.00002905371,0.00062659296,0.0003174458,0.00006689856],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013589457,0.0050331,0.0010578996,0.00010264689,0.000414632,0.0000016097226,0.0060054986,0.0051268497,0.36357594,0.5854963,0.00041513942,0.032634486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059906003,0.0008482272,0.00073821,0.00002787258,0.000022842174,0.0000010899901,0.0017199571,0.019276667,0.97608095,0.0003540636,0.00012972957,0.0002013378],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002224457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000056362182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.612505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056735804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059217723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44778353},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896158377","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.009301","title":"Sample orientation in corona-poled multilayer silica structures","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Stack (abstract data type); Materials science; Anode; Cathode; Poling; Orientation (vector space); Optics; Nonlinear system; Sample (material); Electric field; Optoelectronics; Electrode; Dielectric; Electrical engineering; Physics; Geometry; Ferroelectricity","score_opus":0.010702987077903733,"score_gpt":0.27279168967092376,"score_spread":0.26208870259302003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896158377","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.948029,0.0000034496893,0.018196696,0.000047607165,0.000062845065,0.00034141177,0.00007674296,0.00003025736,0.033211984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991118,8.578051e-7,0.008348999,0.00007139676,0.0002162736,0.00009007235,0.00009960148,0.0000141707915,0.00004062703],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993332,0.000005064401,0.0001753652,0.00020433037,0.00008936326,0.00019268083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956894,0.000059536884,0.000060691193,0.00023066167,0.00003494777,0.000045232544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000043411117,0.00010168477,0.0001095617,0.000030505918,0.00009840779,0.000029885687,0.00011463929,0.000032003714,0.00036249892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000028186964,0.00010144908,0.00002668513,0.00014992984,0.00007258979,0.000032912303,0.000040697974,0.000086742984,0.000052125226],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015717324,0.00008765341,0.002520447,0.000002733143,0.000013812311,9.9534816e-8,0.0004811011,0.0001317544,0.034742802,0.9547715,0.00014466158,0.007087682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005028778,0.00014327792,0.056411967,0.000020785048,0.00009330504,0.0000011883874,0.004823696,0.021568242,0.27278802,0.5812131,0.056622796,0.0012848454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021928689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053924043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37355843,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001671107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004047854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41369733},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2905558153","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.010305","title":"Double random phase encoding for cancelable face and iris recognition","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Biometric Identification and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Biometrics; Computer science; Iris recognition; Artificial intelligence; Encryption; Face (sociological concept); Feature (linguistics); Pattern recognition (psychology); IRIS (biosensor); Encoding (memory); Feature extraction; Computer vision; Computer security","score_opus":0.055696951325145676,"score_gpt":0.30380914039956863,"score_spread":0.24811218907442295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2905558153","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.032922592,0.000065664826,0.9583463,0.00027351978,0.00032032194,0.0004158997,0.00001200411,0.0000826743,0.007561038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8727417,0.00007090705,0.12630992,0.00024975254,0.00013223637,0.000074845506,0.000019926634,0.000006531182,0.00039417917],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993465,0.0000058715295,0.0001414943,0.0002421511,0.0001041728,0.00015983898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994772,0.00007864919,0.0000656948,0.00020473402,0.000111673755,0.00006206633],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031052122,0.00006922418,0.00009682506,0.00010415749,0.00019794285,0.00018417799,0.00019623585,0.00005316772,0.000011242929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020209038,0.00006909008,0.000018523006,0.000434806,0.000058706402,0.00014439033,0.000057336365,0.000046358105,0.000045219793],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00069337786,0.0005455179,0.00003232007,0.00016444681,0.00008816073,0.0000022251904,0.0077604502,0.000007874428,0.06548555,0.32541838,0.020307302,0.57949436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03959021,0.00046192683,0.000068808484,0.00003216898,0.000085788204,0.000018260433,0.0005279216,0.22347558,0.38804638,0.038136974,0.30854228,0.0010137161],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015364896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006186479,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83981913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021067295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028672337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28174117},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2908715737","doi":"10.1364/ao.58.000545","title":"Comparison of different schemes for stimulated Brillouin scattering enhancement","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optiwave Systems (Canada); Algonquin College","funders":"","keywords":"Brillouin scattering; Optics; Resonator; Scattering; Fiber; Optical fiber; Single-mode optical fiber; Double-clad fiber; Ring (chemistry); Physics; Mode volume; Power (physics); Materials science; Graded-index fiber; Fiber optic sensor","score_opus":0.017255970831567626,"score_gpt":0.2741106718019553,"score_spread":0.2568547009703877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2908715737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89802563,0.00006117598,0.09885413,0.000007237924,0.00023630426,0.00055952615,0.000005785258,0.00012543856,0.0021247577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9602122,0.000011811289,0.039533038,0.000011124304,0.000030204003,0.000033783974,0.000022162052,0.000051567888,0.00009415195],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910074,0.0000025102504,0.00033530805,0.00016545731,0.00013649065,0.0002595025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945444,0.00012866646,0.000059129565,0.0002794235,0.00003210422,0.00004624718],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000042703887,0.00017540912,0.0003501326,0.000049785052,0.000018454786,0.000009768093,0.00011940073,0.000072753406,0.0000380206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000069658486,0.00018014867,0.00004785864,0.00007585188,0.000024934705,0.000026972997,0.000035296107,0.00009287661,0.00004162388],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004787937,0.00006521578,0.0010958498,0.00033895185,0.00010991552,1.4394269e-7,0.0003408105,0.26127332,0.7272181,0.0041117654,0.00006926837,0.0053287856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077524123,0.000064261265,0.00038074775,0.000038052276,0.000029449833,3.0013217e-7,0.00014582503,0.32172233,0.67525023,0.00019382007,0.0011544244,0.00024527998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.9773744e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.807735e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062186517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055101875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000037699745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.734625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912289277","doi":"10.1364/ao.58.001374","title":"Improved ozone DIAL retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using an optimal estimation method","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Stratosphere; Troposphere; Environmental science; Lidar; Ozone; Dial; Altitude (triangle); Tropospheric ozone; Atmospheric sciences; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Geology; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.013158717013851783,"score_gpt":0.25062059281874166,"score_spread":0.23746187580488987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912289277","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98211044,0.0001257427,0.011061404,0.00004597751,0.00011807317,0.00041548742,0.000011710575,0.000024188266,0.006086992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79872584,0.000027176085,0.20094854,0.00016483414,0.00005525063,0.0000012273101,0.000032765813,0.0000071737836,0.000037179463],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882334,0.00006656541,0.00024858656,0.00030111204,0.00021664897,0.0003437157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993974,0.00014556632,0.00009269173,0.0002647189,0.000019521285,0.00008009194],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054194435,0.00017154,0.00021370815,0.000006083483,0.00010626067,0.00014573825,0.00017199836,0.00012593972,0.0011823704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012425187,0.000121835554,0.000030349594,0.00022736078,0.000055126973,0.00025507575,0.0000148880445,0.00021259894,0.00005559149],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016163224,0.00041045307,0.13077623,0.00019044765,0.00012157068,0.00006576616,0.005150328,0.5007803,0.0071564405,0.005750752,0.00007603563,0.34790537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007014858,0.00030661238,0.028296437,0.0000089493315,0.000042298234,0.000022554064,0.0029004347,0.96660095,0.00019628675,0.00056156534,0.00009828799,0.0002641558],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030599625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013039922,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46582064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006362866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050858973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997307},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912388281","doi":"10.1364/ao.58.001297","title":"High-efficiency, broadband, and wide-angle all-dielectric quarter wave plate based on anisotropic electric and magnetic dipole resonances: publisher’s note","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Broadband; Dipole; Dielectric; Quarter (Canadian coin); Magnetic dipole; Anisotropy; Physics; Materials science; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.007128708446927458,"score_gpt":0.20202555308170683,"score_spread":0.19489684463477938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912388281","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98856634,0.00022992268,0.0010207003,0.00045194008,0.0001782712,0.0005351878,0.000007853089,0.000092778115,0.008916982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98660076,0.000037260073,0.011605685,0.0011885558,0.00004686191,0.00003189179,0.0000091739485,0.000032147982,0.00044765288],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99792254,0.00003480557,0.00035418934,0.00065564667,0.0004016502,0.00063117826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988655,0.00040440186,0.0001463222,0.00035119016,0.0000651484,0.00016745638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030835043,0.00029090632,0.00035611133,0.0001276517,0.00016711731,0.00046075485,0.00018975178,0.00015976866,0.00014860046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009273442,0.00024140126,0.000033978726,0.0003877213,0.00010621266,0.00016474027,0.00007474097,0.000252208,0.00018977397],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005016648,0.00049062277,0.0014784047,0.00026694423,0.000016475336,0.00002880512,0.00073881546,0.00068336196,0.89696217,0.082144454,0.0031168596,0.013571457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.018788988,0.019627724,0.03917016,0.0003447829,0.00054261036,0.00006733041,0.00055674685,0.5856315,0.28265065,0.028848574,0.01845843,0.005312505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000050598745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009830216,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61431146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045280656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055707045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98440576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923222777","doi":"10.1364/ao.58.002505","title":"Reducing shadowing losses in silicon solar cells using cellulose nanocrystal: polymer hybrid diffusers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates Bio Solutions","keywords":"Materials science; Optoelectronics; Silicon; Polydimethylsiloxane; Solar cell; Polymer solar cell; Crystalline silicon; Optics; Diffuser (optics); Polymer; Nanotechnology; Composite material","score_opus":0.00963638964869792,"score_gpt":0.19737837164856412,"score_spread":0.1877419819998662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2923222777","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99145585,0.00045376652,0.0006726327,0.000009798346,0.00043517933,0.00031961987,0.000004226646,0.0006536821,0.0059952224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975771,0.00015051573,0.0019398899,0.000047101803,0.000041425228,0.000010050845,0.000006775242,0.000097018514,0.00013017602],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985677,0.000010312212,0.00035480605,0.00034100862,0.00017626943,0.0005499176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993024,0.000072477094,0.000047188732,0.00049784523,0.000011297918,0.00006881016],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012806822,0.00029584568,0.00034223046,0.00026410553,0.000045362256,0.00008051049,0.00029441484,0.0001871832,0.000051728384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009285512,0.0003270448,0.000074011885,0.00030959252,0.000058450805,0.00013156612,0.00011265014,0.00041079486,0.00011622199],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000066367743,0.00003154012,0.00093793427,0.00010982201,0.000024905978,0.00001966267,0.00032021667,0.03217938,0.9641443,0.000548176,0.000036672474,0.0016407314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044767896,0.000013873887,0.00009351115,0.000049517144,0.000015691185,0.0000054231896,0.0008471502,0.11453095,0.8832672,0.000080765436,0.00026339808,0.00038480145],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045139124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036767246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.082351565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013788225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023569279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2936677492","doi":"10.1364/ao.58.002994","title":"Grating couplers fabricated by e-beam lithography for long-range surface plasmon waveguides embedded in a fluoropolymer","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Grating; Materials science; Surface plasmon; Surface plasmon polariton; Coupling loss; Lithography; Optoelectronics; Diffraction grating; Blazed grating; Optical fiber; Coupling (piping); Plasmon; Physics","score_opus":0.006150760195808951,"score_gpt":0.20692222829312856,"score_spread":0.2007714680973196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2936677492","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799527,0.00081801426,0.0033065395,0.000024173316,0.000178902,0.0008164122,0.00005876693,0.00028401555,0.014560494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941308,0.00013546013,0.0052827187,0.00008619687,0.000020072937,0.00007231918,0.00008167132,0.000073176525,0.000117612246],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986467,0.0000058568157,0.0003622466,0.00029363693,0.00018062326,0.0005109622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932545,0.00022259825,0.000046638364,0.00026664193,0.000030222784,0.00010844121],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001550518,0.00026144765,0.0003440391,0.00007529465,0.000042220196,0.00005538279,0.00020904597,0.00017896814,0.000033211432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011319702,0.00026035306,0.000081818434,0.0003868661,0.0000520782,0.00008850799,0.000031691823,0.00021239143,0.00004989091],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003752833,0.0005039429,0.020645909,0.0019265446,0.00067000464,0.000018666999,0.0029215843,0.1935145,0.74398917,0.024120007,0.0056313043,0.0056831175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002284938,0.00010205349,0.0011517011,0.00008232951,0.00006786088,0.0000024532874,0.00080102094,0.81566924,0.17670684,0.00030910937,0.0019246542,0.00089777756],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019776886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014969213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6221548,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004929213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014731969,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970719949","doi":"10.1364/ao.58.006906","title":"Pressure-dependent sensitivity of a single-pass methane detection system using a continuous-wave distributed feedback laser at 3270  nm","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Allan variance; Optics; Materials science; Torr; Modulation (music); Methane; Continuous wave; Laser; Sensitivity (control systems); Wavelength; Spectral line; Diode; Frequency modulation; Spectroscopy; Spectral resolution; Optoelectronics; Standard deviation; Physics; Chemistry; Telecommunications; Electronic engineering; Acoustics; Bandwidth (computing)","score_opus":0.013957116343486701,"score_gpt":0.22073920286614349,"score_spread":0.20678208652265678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2970719949","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96802604,0.000033001168,0.023336964,0.000012095506,0.00009365158,0.00042918816,0.00036013138,0.00018830756,0.0075206337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99763465,0.0000025249117,0.0015593931,0.000012192243,0.0001058693,0.000045052908,0.000120426994,0.000049232043,0.00047067745],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838656,0.000038013623,0.00041898811,0.00045277236,0.00034156398,0.00036209403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984778,0.00023558026,0.00036029916,0.00068467925,0.00013227707,0.00010935313],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027759944,0.00026092288,0.00046330495,0.000043252956,0.000102104364,0.000034937264,0.000113731476,0.00026519856,0.00012497095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024243813,0.00027716052,0.00010993022,0.00019963035,0.00007043692,0.000053781732,0.00014506598,0.00023403499,0.000074513264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019083447,0.00015914158,0.00021122317,0.0004068537,0.00017115712,0.000006113216,0.00009272946,0.0032072582,0.99447054,0.00090831437,0.000012134084,0.00016371702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008685557,0.00002443039,0.000116560004,0.000058477664,0.00031064113,0.00005181135,0.0006250223,0.03923626,0.95797616,0.00003513565,0.00043116542,0.00026580176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000103109545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007663738,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036494385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031921142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003995556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972195769","doi":"10.1364/ao.58.007181","title":"Preliminary design and characterization of a low-cost and low-power visible light positioning system","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Visible spectrum; Materials science; Characterization (materials science); Stray light; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.005513679691872012,"score_gpt":0.1851622611033181,"score_spread":0.17964858141144607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2972195769","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9417077,0.00013557154,0.054681655,0.000043263826,0.00004439605,0.00052489224,0.000004261034,0.00037885003,0.0024794603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870218,0.00018552545,0.012691435,0.0000073889314,0.0000045845763,0.00004229633,0.000011855268,0.000025101317,0.000010010417],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999488,0.000008605067,0.00019162508,0.00011451886,0.0000754455,0.00012182334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995073,0.00007880054,0.00004641925,0.0003059606,0.000031192118,0.000030337766],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008296599,0.00010466975,0.00016260122,0.00007293705,0.00003451579,0.000034361063,0.000113664915,0.00011586851,0.0000034407717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005887636,0.0001091767,0.0000101778605,0.00011828782,0.000039154347,0.00008761887,0.00009419065,0.00011006787,0.000017523096],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038465194,0.00003543044,0.000165275,0.0008245192,0.00004000332,0.0000011152281,0.00039416426,0.004594807,0.914913,0.07482728,0.000008124419,0.004157817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006367324,0.00012699819,0.005089696,0.0005012122,0.000028759554,0.000012047925,0.0005892804,0.41375318,0.57863426,0.0001988229,0.00006322031,0.0003657689],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.926475e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1722794e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40915838,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002625985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000053936024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44520965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2975911716","doi":"10.1364/ao.58.007904","title":"Scalable optical annealing of microfluidic droplets via whispering gallery mode geometry and infrared illumination","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Whispering-gallery wave; Microfluidics; Materials science; Optofluidics; Optics; Penetration depth; Penetration (warfare); Annealing (glass); Lab-on-a-chip; Optoelectronics; Resonator; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.004072104220694148,"score_gpt":0.18902434551226333,"score_spread":0.18495224129156917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2975911716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9774952,0.002511568,0.014688288,0.000019798026,0.000100867015,0.0001693061,0.0000035687665,0.00042596488,0.0045854477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891604,0.001473697,0.009176771,0.0000155692,0.000023754777,0.000010097688,0.00001127354,0.000043102995,0.000085296364],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990856,0.000003693186,0.00026661454,0.00019952789,0.00012485025,0.00031972924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955946,0.00006301175,0.00003891311,0.00025783692,0.000037530815,0.000043262025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001271257,0.0001675739,0.00025137395,0.0001805408,0.0000392982,0.000023725313,0.00013817854,0.00019875592,0.000009279584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021549093,0.00018481883,0.000029571558,0.00024683756,0.00007690891,0.00007005804,0.00008074004,0.00022749443,0.000019316809],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000065267227,0.000012075892,0.00026621536,0.00020124826,0.000033494067,0.0000014800637,0.00015427114,0.00068536686,0.9853068,0.0018645714,0.00029530615,0.011172619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036745679,0.000041071806,0.0002527664,0.00004982834,0.00002103256,0.000014553823,0.00025925547,0.010845676,0.9867464,0.00054388464,0.0006181454,0.00023998102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000041227913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.8461275e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0116652455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005068634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000123097325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7536693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990087440","doi":"10.1364/ao.59.000a31","title":"2019 Topical Meeting on Optical Interference Coatings: Manufacturing Problem Contest [invited]","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interference (communication); CONTEST; Materials science; Computer science; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.008609574973990558,"score_gpt":0.21927116121961257,"score_spread":0.210661586245622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2990087440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7656185,0.00004198147,0.046431664,0.00025728316,0.00031365227,0.0008138681,0.000009745831,0.0022435822,0.18426974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8742698,0.0000208957,0.12518159,0.00023825544,0.00006951951,0.000031026288,0.000010596936,0.00006544108,0.00011291369],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987183,0.00000878256,0.0003215357,0.0002997883,0.00020649783,0.00044509378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991508,0.00027139674,0.00005008535,0.0003993269,0.000025002351,0.000103356986],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014155054,0.00026603098,0.0002845716,0.00006532868,0.000043057174,0.000083822415,0.00032161543,0.00016626956,0.000018943052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037441667,0.0002678166,0.000044674623,0.00006902842,0.000045477183,0.00010955307,0.00012950886,0.00058078906,0.00025576664],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013453045,0.00021000231,0.0014455646,0.0007852311,0.00014233835,0.00003378449,0.0016389427,0.29111308,0.44667426,0.21197471,0.007444382,0.038403165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006447558,0.00019955118,0.00036625733,0.00040830253,0.000023195893,0.000010578216,0.00021817627,0.016770748,0.96960574,0.006427206,0.004425934,0.0008995784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000050804265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037210023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52293146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118088086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006610404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999774},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995861744","doi":"10.1364/ao.59.000a83","title":"Elimination of spatial hole burning in solid-state lasers using nanostructured thin films","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Solid State Laser Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Laser; Materials science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optics; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.0070790227574411895,"score_gpt":0.2157861526891453,"score_spread":0.20870712993170412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995861744","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99317527,0.000021117303,0.004385697,0.000008139664,0.00024011674,0.00024187335,0.000012514372,0.00024879377,0.0016664531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983485,0.000020178659,0.016399836,0.000008040198,0.000009427489,0.0000064096457,0.00001559008,0.000036963986,0.00001856558],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991826,0.0000057493407,0.0002698314,0.00014675055,0.0001508794,0.00024418344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960655,0.000042305237,0.00006577244,0.00023898973,0.000025591962,0.000020784426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000080031525,0.00014639042,0.00021792515,0.00017135845,0.000016584352,0.00001688344,0.00016382762,0.00012678228,0.000015269567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022701812,0.0001600785,0.000025477375,0.00022333083,0.000037394457,0.00006911478,0.00005605351,0.00020506208,0.000014281575],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009863584,0.000006110643,0.00040602352,0.00006114348,0.000012941556,0.0000029449943,0.0005514742,0.7774364,0.21950686,0.00052922324,0.000012164001,0.001464862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004236537,0.00001766315,0.0013427326,0.000029669669,0.000008244634,0.0000010710439,0.00067436736,0.62007517,0.37646362,0.0007778205,0.000021537835,0.00016441083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004137316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002645331,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1573612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006072453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013770011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6527812},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999750273","doi":"10.1364/ao.59.00a135","title":"Effect of an optical coating on in-band and out-of-band transmitted and reflected wavefront error measurements","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Iridian Spectral Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Wavelength; Band-pass filter; Wavefront; Optical filter; Filter (signal processing); Materials science; Coating; Optoelectronics; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.03439407251519718,"score_gpt":0.27856099130753537,"score_spread":0.24416691879233818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2999750273","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902326,0.00010894075,0.006014936,0.000023153378,0.000029458517,0.0003721655,0.00000283211,0.00009765343,0.0031182633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903187,0.000029116853,0.0095569575,0.00002902745,0.000017041697,0.000019155865,0.0000050598796,0.000024183862,7.683156e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992334,0.000025581021,0.00025072478,0.00016975435,0.0001553818,0.00016512959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966854,0.000089169094,0.000038557457,0.00009737215,0.000022558748,0.000083779225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026709517,0.00015623783,0.00033494036,0.00006161882,0.00001717249,0.0000046609725,0.00005688517,0.00010602705,0.0000013282897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054086708,0.00014409328,0.000016432848,0.00009305628,0.00006843554,0.000035446352,0.000006987912,0.0001742117,2.544858e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003666774,0.000027933216,0.001152634,0.0002812301,0.00003921514,0.0000022471327,0.0005543328,0.00064893876,0.987425,0.00022054758,0.000004022398,0.009277165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016482688,0.00097094866,0.0014978207,0.00004530389,0.000059135786,4.7319364e-7,0.000030229476,0.0030246414,0.99246264,0.0001075813,0.000015403604,0.00013753476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.28207e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000066950947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00913963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016469623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005335648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58759534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000159324","doi":"10.1364/ao.379406","title":"Iterative retrieval method for ocean attenuation profiles measured by airborne lidar","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Lidar; Remote sensing; Attenuation; Optics; Attenuation coefficient; Atmospheric optics; Environmental science; Atmospheric correction; Ocean color; Reflectivity; Geology; Satellite; Physics","score_opus":0.020894612331440965,"score_gpt":0.2602866661735205,"score_spread":0.2393920538420795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3000159324","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.072178565,0.000024536885,0.8974383,0.007757341,0.0000649058,0.0018014356,0.00011676978,0.00021825446,0.02039988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7171052,0.0000043234254,0.28122252,0.0011360839,0.00011412554,0.000008229516,0.00013654205,0.000029808358,0.00024313101],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989631,0.000027971615,0.00020039528,0.0003621037,0.0002500723,0.00019633856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994663,0.000102798185,0.00009432781,0.00018936454,0.000022864157,0.00012435573],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023589164,0.00013639036,0.0001487896,0.0000102277245,0.00017071338,0.000047679798,0.00014550136,0.000081663435,0.000052160598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007952978,0.00013094729,0.000045778703,0.00025357702,0.00007351335,0.00005311452,0.00005063882,0.000115174495,0.00017464823],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002464146,0.00013800031,0.00018378304,0.000032924305,0.00006256197,8.398817e-7,0.0047821295,0.0031171453,0.8488864,0.006192779,0.09433126,0.04202578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017530882,0.00031952118,0.0015110791,0.000012374509,0.0001702797,0.0000040925393,0.00094345474,0.19460656,0.65422255,0.004934928,0.1406592,0.0008628677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009252711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011562914,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64492667,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006058794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012302688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5339876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000338671","doi":"10.1364/ao.379043","title":"Toward free-running operation of dual-comb fiber lasers for methane sensing","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Beat (acoustics); Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Fiber laser; Laser; Broadband; Frequency comb; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.030158079967125506,"score_gpt":0.2537182960958987,"score_spread":0.2235602161287732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3000338671","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20035969,0.00003094863,0.78326553,0.0021944628,0.00008816663,0.00088614627,0.00012819645,0.00027642728,0.012770409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7567886,8.6649874e-7,0.24291012,0.00008199089,0.000096055264,0.000014221903,0.000048310307,0.000022509992,0.0000373113],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992975,0.0000038395015,0.00021509996,0.00020498477,0.00009502521,0.00018352778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995011,0.00007645475,0.000107989596,0.00022216735,0.00004996111,0.000042299012],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004961395,0.0001313296,0.00021830054,0.000025563806,0.00004576108,0.000017107057,0.00012238904,0.000054627402,0.000025970385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000128284755,0.0001346415,0.00005826981,0.00011527461,0.000053383978,0.000066554676,0.000113831324,0.00012664215,0.000013438248],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021448515,0.00011723738,0.000278019,0.00023811027,0.00041604758,0.000004475718,0.0033766953,0.07930636,0.23537117,0.5704292,0.0027541856,0.10749404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012402612,0.00007628229,0.000012439037,0.000013718399,0.000074168194,3.0731294e-7,0.0022506518,0.011894828,0.9636801,0.017205434,0.003284672,0.0002671254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000060947855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.4714557e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7283089,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010631372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022892704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54905206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000464794","doi":"10.1364/ao.379893","title":"On the performance of adaptive hybrid MQAM–MPPM scheme over Nakagami and log-normal dynamic visible light communication channels","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Quadrature amplitude modulation; QAM; Nakagami distribution; Spectral efficiency; Visible light communication; Computer science; Fading; Modulation (music); Bit error rate; Algorithm; Electronic engineering; Mathematics; Optics; Channel (broadcasting); Telecommunications; Physics; Engineering; Light-emitting diode","score_opus":0.01146993483882192,"score_gpt":0.201756653292558,"score_spread":0.1902867184537361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3000464794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98799616,0.0005351065,0.0016912522,0.0015624777,0.000025744337,0.00029749452,0.0000092408745,0.00036310827,0.0075194114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908658,0.001637677,0.007241848,0.0001515027,0.000007990353,0.0000463992,0.000009695961,0.000030173207,0.000008877896],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929506,0.000014226508,0.00023819944,0.00012826723,0.00014680675,0.00017743831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989293,0.00022710752,0.0000659199,0.0006963268,0.000037380734,0.000043957185],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009540564,0.00015691662,0.0001873839,0.000044604003,0.000096098855,0.000027872022,0.0005836666,0.00008553344,0.000015024465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038429447,0.0001317033,0.00002642548,0.00020725968,0.00017954317,0.00008566568,0.00031439043,0.00041481122,0.000032674216],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013573933,0.00013241752,0.00014230018,0.00027505163,0.0002363975,0.0000013921677,0.001629508,0.061783176,0.04878554,0.8717291,0.0010937367,0.0140556395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002819724,0.000118809534,0.00029996273,0.000043694105,0.000012736224,0.0000010552077,0.00031253733,0.89927477,0.0978645,0.0011098143,0.00047791665,0.00020224151],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.335688e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.3127834e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8706193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003249213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008670286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53707045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3001248935","doi":"10.1364/ao.383480","title":"Study of polarization memory’s impact on detection range in natural water fogs","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Polarization (electrochemistry); Physics; Photon; Optics; Scattering; Linear polarization; Laser","score_opus":0.01051767891213742,"score_gpt":0.22077632128824334,"score_spread":0.21025864237610592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3001248935","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954382,0.000010522947,0.0022741936,0.000029322237,0.00011683882,0.00028143637,0.0000020046891,0.00010341908,0.0017440303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996723,0.0000026048544,0.00014952771,0.000071896284,0.000052973093,0.000005865705,0.000010785213,0.00002535772,0.000008718492],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993842,0.000010008116,0.00020159413,0.000110765,0.00014291015,0.00015048699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997898,0.000020797233,0.0000150778515,0.00009952235,0.000017381846,0.000057469457],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054995286,0.00011269748,0.0001520024,0.00010510104,0.000019043857,0.000015508962,0.00006742774,0.00006885236,0.000014567999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014288052,0.00008779842,0.00002618798,0.0003142961,0.000009415739,0.000054108707,0.000017224032,0.00020268708,0.00005758789],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029768073,0.00053164305,0.0051724785,0.00016125887,0.00013510292,0.000009119539,0.008432123,0.53918904,0.43747935,0.0007935361,0.00004262654,0.0077560493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005883662,0.0011979359,0.06313589,0.000020172949,0.00009261107,0.0000020921702,0.0027265586,0.514577,0.4113126,0.00020134587,0.000058250935,0.00079190475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000075253797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000075652324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.057963412,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004068023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000027976935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35803154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003519997","doi":"10.1364/ao.382844","title":"Temperature self-compensation strain sensor based on cascaded concave-lens-like long-period fiber gratings","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"CAST Innovation Foundation; National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; Fiber optic sensor; Optical fiber; Long-period fiber grating; Lens (geology); PHOSFOS; Photonic-crystal fiber; Graded-index fiber; Physics","score_opus":0.01066326439431718,"score_gpt":0.20382064454746662,"score_spread":0.19315738015314945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3003519997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9555137,0.00005153406,0.0063954373,0.0020993194,0.0006142954,0.0019118999,0.00022012847,0.0037934452,0.029400216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91811395,0.000009621406,0.07838183,0.0026716054,0.0003203393,0.00004121608,0.00015043575,0.000174614,0.00013638928],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982909,0.000021155109,0.0003932683,0.0004510225,0.00037459933,0.0004690803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999096,0.00015903646,0.00007515781,0.00038696718,0.00006986696,0.0002130209],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007687795,0.00044107885,0.00038027094,0.00006858592,0.00011206286,0.00008898974,0.00018563704,0.00030980713,0.00012693113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041064945,0.00046414975,0.000085879605,0.0003435085,0.00005425048,0.0000976662,0.000023929471,0.0006502615,0.00039818368],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000067706176,0.0000554271,0.00003710784,0.00020457606,0.000105311046,0.00010948122,0.002450915,0.8737593,0.11876969,0.0018745635,0.0013504897,0.001215386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048255897,0.0003688312,0.0011245525,0.00010449738,0.00023105288,0.00004948416,0.0020257633,0.907015,0.06628944,0.00010954415,0.015449415,0.0024068279],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.878074e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001038893,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07198639,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012591034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003468573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999781},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3006584576","doi":"10.1364/ao.390510","title":"Optical Sensors and Sensing 2019: introduction to the joint feature issue","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Feature (linguistics); Optics; Optical sensing; Optical fiber; Photonics; Adaptive optics; Joint (building); Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Physics; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.009009117479933909,"score_gpt":0.2277063882337877,"score_spread":0.21869727075385378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3006584576","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43709245,0.0001708424,0.015783006,0.48885974,0.00021378582,0.00064519746,0.000045450826,0.0004624428,0.056727096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9554491,0.00005651488,0.032325502,0.004089038,0.006436645,0.00002304233,0.00005754252,0.000051716288,0.0015109153],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992327,0.0000042042448,0.00012471627,0.00031589923,0.00013160415,0.00019084019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999432,0.000040496463,0.000033076274,0.0003073872,0.000028917084,0.00015808729],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059404112,0.00012962492,0.00013014812,0.000012031096,0.0001614254,0.00006787217,0.00008989965,0.000096698175,0.0001242431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004649472,0.000103524,0.000025239851,0.00015156766,0.000061976985,0.0000194685,0.000082843304,0.0003186626,0.00025007845],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056403533,0.000023851971,0.0000065602367,0.00004270163,0.000039619645,0.0000030091821,0.0013490284,0.0016534695,0.8253268,0.02619001,0.14123242,0.0040761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023027134,0.000021183998,0.00006747916,0.000005337302,0.000076737044,0.000025488518,0.0013653488,0.0067065526,0.58368635,0.0002743164,0.407305,0.00023590014],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000029507055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019933832,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5183566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023169563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014072845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4221586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007062076","doi":"10.1364/ao.383921","title":"Broadband, millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for large-format, cryogenic aluminum oxide optics","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; U.S. Department of Energy; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Coating; Anti-reflective coating; Transmittance; Fabrication; Optical coating; Refractive index; Aluminum oxide; Planar","score_opus":0.032707141877212846,"score_gpt":0.25668779422694016,"score_spread":0.2239806523497273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3007062076","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8818884,0.00005100435,0.10860364,0.0011813627,0.00031557353,0.0010256984,0.00014637008,0.00035146004,0.0064365095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7947377,0.000019472143,0.20196553,0.0024729592,0.00042531287,0.000092744114,0.000058289323,0.000065386674,0.00016259383],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99762595,0.000020918502,0.0006553006,0.0005515549,0.00039180313,0.000754503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986898,0.00022917037,0.000305979,0.00028772463,0.00019195142,0.00029543173],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046282326,0.00033071774,0.00043470843,0.00004714459,0.00041658207,0.0002836996,0.000289252,0.00019789053,0.00007857773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029246547,0.00031252095,0.00015063399,0.00030187843,0.00009067425,0.00020469911,0.0001954885,0.00023140048,0.00026823656],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011197345,0.000058718317,0.000028665703,0.00014379363,0.000014996395,0.0000032023077,0.0007387037,0.00011056035,0.97018874,0.02614687,0.0016629312,0.00079085823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019277534,0.0006279637,0.000051692426,0.000030240702,0.00016095147,0.000014714727,0.0008011183,0.039171353,0.9435696,0.002505026,0.010382753,0.0007568393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000066115845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005310289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09336188,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044525503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005865441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007251402","doi":"10.1364/ao.388265","title":"Quantifying bio-filament morphology below the diffraction limit of an optical microscope using out-of-focus images","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Diffraction; Materials science; Calibration; Microscope; Protein filament; Focus (optics); Optical microscope; Context (archaeology); Scanning electron microscope; Physics","score_opus":0.039838721870823775,"score_gpt":0.3210669142304219,"score_spread":0.2812281923595981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3007251402","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81733894,0.00020786888,0.18162963,0.00020208376,0.00007791318,0.00031566684,0.000023987459,0.000024414949,0.00017950819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7509286,0.00017435281,0.24858075,0.00016265636,0.00008237614,0.000009638638,0.00003055196,0.000027795457,0.0000033007354],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989442,0.00002875591,0.00033556233,0.00033922834,0.00011828669,0.0002339456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922675,0.000024433859,0.00020790311,0.00039162807,0.00008077776,0.00006851544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000120507604,0.00017659136,0.00023418892,0.000024902667,0.00007357385,0.00001558574,0.00030101853,0.00017929327,0.0000045359275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057908215,0.00014811622,0.0000639591,0.00009588796,0.00035622352,0.000006904953,0.00021388957,0.00016802766,0.0000024472736],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013565105,0.00008168635,0.00020270221,0.000028160397,0.000028541805,0.0000020856073,0.00010477779,0.00026741787,0.99607897,0.00044499396,0.000040338888,0.002584695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022269895,0.0003110111,0.00018946627,0.0000117797545,0.000044304874,0.0000050691233,0.0002448308,0.00047564847,0.99794495,0.00007017095,0.00032877823,0.00015131921],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007584849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003349302,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.066951126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015745229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046406505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6040004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007719777","doi":"10.1364/ao.382050","title":"Improving thermo-optic properties of smart windows via coupling to radiative coolers","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Radiative transfer; Radiative cooling; Optics; Evaporative cooler; Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.015067613760201675,"score_gpt":0.18305049588967373,"score_spread":0.16798288212947204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3007719777","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90485054,0.00027214177,0.09101608,0.00029912477,0.00013051755,0.0005206064,0.000007036191,0.0011986258,0.001705326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99495417,0.000016788514,0.0047315415,0.00016863864,0.000044401328,0.000037077014,0.0000012379659,0.000039540893,0.000006610574],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993212,0.0000024086864,0.00021707725,0.0001400243,0.0001183379,0.0002009058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965745,0.000024212379,0.000044193454,0.00016667564,0.000029694847,0.00007776059],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000533204,0.00014447706,0.00019742722,0.000052361345,0.00003659799,0.000020332413,0.00021559608,0.00008200559,0.000009017491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046338755,0.00013829487,0.000034014447,0.00021699758,0.00004241132,0.00003984811,0.000056272387,0.00015882553,0.000056632514],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035325727,0.000007035659,0.000018422374,0.00008102284,0.00004149713,0.0000010720993,0.0013621708,0.72232866,0.26929185,0.0019264537,0.000041463998,0.0048650536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021322849,0.000051975345,0.00007002629,0.000014479372,0.000018982544,4.6488944e-7,0.00071099587,0.7469516,0.25159368,0.00004613671,0.00014577285,0.00018264692],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000035638147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012332224,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09010362,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036304806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016608637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5639501},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010672518","doi":"10.1364/ao.387947","title":"Charged particle radiation induced changes to optical properties of acousto-optic materials","year":2020,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Fluence; Optics; Materials science; Transmittance; Tellurium; Lithium niobate; Radiation; Ion; Birefringence; Optoelectronics; Physics; Laser","score_opus":0.033868693442495656,"score_gpt":0.22762888745609527,"score_spread":0.19376019401359962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3010672518","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9829148,0.00010855316,0.001225065,0.013010214,0.00027647903,0.0012562253,0.00012581026,0.00020408182,0.0008787558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942304,0.0000331273,0.0040029944,0.00058146653,0.00076952873,0.00019421882,0.0000245319,0.00008089833,0.0000828449],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971405,0.000037383783,0.0008036643,0.0006854542,0.0004691496,0.00086383754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985167,0.00007975832,0.0002954726,0.0005267546,0.0001525831,0.00042872308],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021586343,0.00053485605,0.00092728366,0.0000769475,0.000159984,0.00017400646,0.000523233,0.00031479687,0.00016793743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001273845,0.00048046856,0.00011312823,0.00055118254,0.00024296988,0.00011599991,0.00048537794,0.00038889094,0.0006975725],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022275948,0.00031488365,0.00003671982,0.0002473441,0.00016872125,0.0000037484806,0.0016823789,0.00027937503,0.8876903,0.09472497,0.0001591278,0.014469693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092907925,0.00070395856,0.00020689715,0.00009507869,0.0002475899,7.39696e-7,0.0030295257,0.0017793122,0.9914521,0.000515452,0.000443564,0.00059673237],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021182976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010038002,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10376179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005111423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011991754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3021034738","doi":"10.1364/ao.394289","title":"Reducing the light scattering impact in liquid-crystal-based imaging systems","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Deconvolution; Image quality; Light scattering; Histogram equalization; Materials science; Liquid crystal; Contrast (vision); Scattering; Liquid-crystal display; Image processing; Stray light; Computer science; Computer vision; Physics; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.011004028411116657,"score_gpt":0.22984146754648307,"score_spread":0.2188374391353664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3021034738","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45889843,0.0017676675,0.5031871,0.009378137,0.00059356313,0.0014332555,0.000018535704,0.0064072977,0.018316027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98625225,0.000015751611,0.0133676035,0.00015195197,0.000070756105,0.00005911945,0.000003637444,0.000077447265,0.0000014620265],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987758,0.000009122229,0.00032699225,0.00025438727,0.00016099004,0.00047274205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933714,0.00010428512,0.000041814237,0.00041194897,0.000019665233,0.00008512861],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001235232,0.00024830727,0.00025839347,0.0000873612,0.00006206722,0.00011125329,0.00041665928,0.00006671887,0.0000043182404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000081841805,0.00019876273,0.000052203177,0.00047513514,0.00009285009,0.00011042675,0.00012201706,0.00047084343,0.00003148517],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015928326,0.000007671328,0.00011640433,0.00011884223,0.000015494314,0.00001673031,0.00022619455,0.8477766,0.1482138,0.0022038496,0.0001985759,0.0010899225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034798667,0.000025765054,0.000062359744,0.000097709424,0.000017080183,0.000008067786,0.0005787659,0.96873605,0.02878944,0.00022982043,0.00073446706,0.00037245563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007050662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.627949e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5273539,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016137912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001975144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8105309},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022600154","doi":"10.1364/ao.385932","title":"Elemental analysis of sage (herb) using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Spectroscopy; Materials science; Laser; Emission spectrum; Spectrometer; Atomic emission spectroscopy; Spectral line; Calibration; Plasma; Optics; Chemistry; Inductively coupled plasma; Physics","score_opus":0.0172692733393881,"score_gpt":0.22980012903052233,"score_spread":0.21253085569113422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022600154","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97328204,0.000014592633,0.019594342,0.00009669608,0.00011511274,0.00022664004,0.00018481971,0.00023534083,0.0062503926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97992295,0.000021533884,0.01956319,0.00014662456,0.00015368355,0.000008446208,0.00012619799,0.000050446928,0.0000069152147],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863195,0.000014644705,0.00043976464,0.0002719709,0.000289768,0.000351918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992351,0.00006765773,0.0000877466,0.0004149728,0.000019301218,0.0001752421],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006970658,0.00025851018,0.00045832442,0.00014642713,0.00007312862,0.000051105984,0.00031659775,0.0001403393,0.0003305202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001555508,0.00028101777,0.00014473856,0.0011721107,0.000029903014,0.00011411558,0.00007451104,0.0002524775,0.00002076153],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030973883,0.00003721349,0.0002712784,0.000049667444,0.0007780799,0.0000093780645,0.0004347107,0.083435,0.91262925,0.0020063093,0.0001611838,0.00015697262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003633985,0.000041744413,0.00011180889,0.0000048243764,0.00052686984,9.059921e-7,0.00013359255,0.39292216,0.605535,0.00009861493,0.00005393492,0.00020717534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029134906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000609159,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30948716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000835714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003957297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024380334","doi":"10.1364/ao.394624","title":"Degree of polarization of luminescence from GaAs and InP as a function of strain: a theoretical investigation","year":2020,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Luminescence; Polarization (electrochemistry); Materials science; Degree of polarization; Strain (injury); Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Physics; Chemistry; Scattering; Medicine","score_opus":0.02206732171562076,"score_gpt":0.22322844891876809,"score_spread":0.20116112720314733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3024380334","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945703,0.00016019645,0.003972333,0.00013719135,0.000066171175,0.00022811693,0.0002798242,0.000006494462,0.0005793298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99760526,0.000015827474,0.0018632914,0.00009769065,0.00017611182,0.0000026236376,0.0002213935,0.00001618929,0.0000016232233],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989099,0.000027720742,0.00048578507,0.00024452104,0.00021192293,0.000120146666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990172,0.00012371976,0.00047183543,0.00016783607,0.000115054034,0.00010438493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006188447,0.0001697659,0.0003626819,0.0000343176,0.000029597015,0.000017222492,0.00010968208,0.00011863882,0.00011854509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027406171,0.00016392804,0.000054883654,0.00020985641,0.0004593549,0.000069141235,0.00006737608,0.0001414778,0.0000026400853],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000106552114,0.000025563168,0.007998575,0.00013741624,0.0000753745,9.717357e-8,0.0014399956,0.00003256386,0.44595322,0.5422012,0.0000056590766,0.0020237463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025517556,0.0009849201,0.077116266,0.00030424498,0.0010321973,7.205468e-7,0.008861474,0.018585296,0.50989884,0.38002783,0.000051626583,0.0005848103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011019492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010727301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1621734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000048009224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008806138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66847914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3026597492","doi":"10.1364/ao.393857","title":"Subterahertz refractive flat-top beam shaping via 3D printed aspheric lens combination","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Northern British Columbia","keywords":"Optics; Lens (geology); Materials science; Refractive index; Beam (structure); 3d printed; Light beam; Physics","score_opus":0.017345778872765664,"score_gpt":0.21359344152950405,"score_spread":0.19624766265673838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3026597492","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50038403,0.00013739364,0.45165667,0.0016578182,0.00018589951,0.00083647255,0.000012345779,0.0031498366,0.04197953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840171,0.000040467046,0.015205456,0.0004276266,0.00006812662,0.00011759819,0.000038692528,0.000050651743,0.00003431974],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991785,0.0000051352235,0.00022856973,0.00024292244,0.000104485494,0.00024036772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995419,0.00005016698,0.000050007933,0.00025387667,0.00003869388,0.00006536766],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000042286523,0.00018194364,0.00018034804,0.000038169706,0.00009998279,0.00002661522,0.00021307763,0.00020240899,0.000046774494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014596015,0.00020829258,0.00003554752,0.00037154104,0.000054643457,0.00010180317,0.000043594206,0.00041276647,0.00026075117],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040474093,0.00014067181,0.00038303644,0.0001294694,0.0002638909,0.000010685888,0.0017877141,0.0053745527,0.71831936,0.07373743,0.0017324518,0.19808027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016285687,0.0001409033,0.0030246947,0.000033121534,0.000128749,0.000014010282,0.00048906496,0.5191545,0.359045,0.0037589916,0.11146868,0.0011137215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001931875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001256508,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51377994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063420426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009758366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8493925},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3027986345","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.001461","title":"Ion-assisted deposition of TiO_2/SiO_2 multilayers for mass production","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Deposition (geology); Absorption (acoustics); Ion; Coating; Optics; Optical coating; Scattering; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry","score_opus":0.01540647102751069,"score_gpt":0.21203638884965004,"score_spread":0.19662991782213934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3027986345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76432765,0.00011550063,0.2222744,0.000052877873,0.00093640346,0.0009369299,0.000022114174,0.00031054363,0.011023602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9125912,0.000008905681,0.08710046,0.0000048859174,0.00012175657,0.00006847507,0.00003705922,0.000029324545,0.000037927406],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999288,0.0000035234202,0.00023420806,0.00013637774,0.00016037578,0.00017752196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968106,0.000028791788,0.0000383123,0.00014722152,0.00007488507,0.000029730476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008786884,0.000113119444,0.00014225648,0.00004018645,0.00004386957,0.0000132570485,0.00005641108,0.000083181054,0.000003855181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012939788,0.0001160052,0.000043451542,0.0001221435,0.000021960448,0.000042877913,0.0000056123035,0.000057739453,0.000007842867],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035612982,0.00007333553,0.00018744403,0.0001606065,0.00003456395,3.0858516e-7,0.00002205632,0.16170806,0.8289112,0.00366999,0.00042855833,0.004768257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080371636,0.000037461676,0.006422997,0.00003925105,0.00008076098,9.908352e-7,0.00006357667,0.051168907,0.93915606,0.00150498,0.00045137267,0.00026992135],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000066965413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006646836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14826356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055707667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006391192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47305548},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034654948","doi":"10.1364/ao.391731","title":"Design optimization of orbital angular momentum fibers using the gray wolf optimizer","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Angular momentum; Optical fiber; Optics; Refractive index; Computer science; Transmission (telecommunications); Optical communication; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.02077365278372029,"score_gpt":0.224961198188927,"score_spread":0.2041875454052067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034654948","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.046582848,0.000043965032,0.94661415,0.00031413947,0.00012621291,0.0006326626,0.000026495298,0.000045833003,0.0056136968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7621404,0.0000030301549,0.23737586,0.000110493034,0.00020585966,0.000021213838,0.0000395024,0.000048154303,0.000055515775],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998698,0.000035808775,0.00038574886,0.00027014865,0.00030376506,0.00030651694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991809,0.000078652774,0.00023159888,0.00031442195,0.00007982767,0.000114586386],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015004404,0.00023941674,0.0002753976,0.000035401466,0.00013675493,0.00006584904,0.000314191,0.0000584338,0.00023899353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000073026267,0.00019260033,0.00010689242,0.00034122344,0.00014433576,0.00009854587,0.00015946012,0.00018776537,0.000017459612],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039262064,0.000085246735,0.0000956602,0.000017339913,0.00013911765,0.0000019295012,0.0009606467,0.9703399,0.006780397,0.021100484,0.00026025134,0.00017977288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011086283,0.00013167059,0.000007980212,0.000017388016,0.0002679131,0.0000017031391,0.0029405672,0.94437385,0.04778229,0.002682323,0.00020283631,0.0004828804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011324347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.5951743e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7155575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028449258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005990793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78540134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3038098942","doi":"10.1364/ao.394341","title":"Improved progressive triangular irregular network densification filtering algorithm for airborne LiDAR data based on a multiscale cylindrical neighborhood","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Shandong University of Science and Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ranging; Triangulated irregular network; Lidar; Algorithm; Computer science; Terrain; Point cloud; Robustness (evolution); Photogrammetry; Digital elevation model; Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.02754068357635938,"score_gpt":0.2528753399625775,"score_spread":0.2253346563862181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3038098942","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0027878245,0.000024364606,0.991498,0.0018788123,0.000089634814,0.0017217142,0.00009998943,0.00017663496,0.0017230057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.43474242,0.0000030044728,0.5631397,0.0009687194,0.00047530516,0.00006539194,0.000529977,0.00005055766,0.000024960225],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99820024,0.0000278398,0.000320532,0.00078211544,0.00027254602,0.00039670797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846864,0.00015197993,0.0001642099,0.0009695309,0.000019299412,0.00022633896],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021542754,0.00022714582,0.00023971249,0.00001665507,0.00024737677,0.00007838266,0.00052452355,0.00013887293,0.000041267587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007115579,0.00022077678,0.00006410419,0.0003342695,0.00012293737,0.0000672867,0.00022547528,0.00019671592,0.00010634402],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022401845,0.00041079402,0.000057074354,0.000032552573,0.00006160307,0.000010315003,0.00035342167,0.034311734,0.02532829,0.0010059794,0.0036269606,0.9345773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010400738,0.0001284095,0.0005286156,0.000010346886,0.00006454987,0.0000017707464,0.000048390113,0.98419845,0.0034141361,0.00020527007,0.0100967605,0.00026321894],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007121083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019564918,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94988674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000660904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025388601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9003016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042855501","doi":"10.1364/ao.399601","title":"Liquid infiltration of monolithic open-access Fabry–Perot microcavities","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Optics; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Infiltration (HVAC); Physics; Wavelength; Composite material","score_opus":0.0353618446276566,"score_gpt":0.26065682143135643,"score_spread":0.22529497680369984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3042855501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8262887,0.00016137482,0.09636864,0.00028894056,0.00029379225,0.0005881562,0.00005727263,0.00028824445,0.075664856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995012,0.00010823959,0.0044316133,0.0002683659,0.000060953225,0.000026749076,0.000032102034,0.00003495976,0.000025023995],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993792,0.0000038752323,0.00024518376,0.00012728167,0.00009944645,0.00014501794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967766,0.000018180475,0.000035551744,0.0001716704,0.000029754916,0.00006719137],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054042637,0.00012432865,0.00018734016,0.000029340741,0.000031357176,0.00014724517,0.00054107787,0.0000846504,0.000025463154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008047897,0.00013438541,0.000026533426,0.00016119132,0.000034356304,0.00018517453,0.00021071536,0.00014322804,0.000024714254],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013196975,0.00005721663,0.00013030466,0.000583159,0.00014366937,0.0000047850403,0.0030823024,0.182755,0.41806448,0.3886734,0.002203527,0.00417022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008590499,0.00019372045,0.00017117622,0.000038865106,0.000048791957,0.0000022831646,0.00039651908,0.824114,0.16702642,0.0028409003,0.003713035,0.00059520407],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015467365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035119076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64135903,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016030363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021954465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54800785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3043411226","doi":"10.1364/ao.398936","title":"Tunable bandpass imaging filter based on resonant tunneling through a ball lens assembly","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Band-pass filter; Polarizer; Spectrometer; Lens (geology); Optical filter; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.019724966052423586,"score_gpt":0.2121932615522556,"score_spread":0.19246829549983202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3043411226","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05361184,0.0005841519,0.19685797,0.0032646342,0.0005415533,0.00075464975,0.00005735841,0.0016994167,0.7426284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97664607,0.00006276141,0.018272556,0.0046949713,0.00017692406,0.000030992578,0.000019256115,0.00007177534,0.000024692077],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986874,0.000008326292,0.000263225,0.00030645568,0.0002549081,0.00047971524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939203,0.00014930713,0.000027623297,0.00026588017,0.000026370251,0.0001388137],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009442627,0.00025009413,0.0002621981,0.00002863092,0.0000795464,0.00008570931,0.00022849815,0.00008509294,0.00007978395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028423066,0.0002352919,0.00007415927,0.00019365641,0.00003208263,0.00011829134,0.000050823997,0.0003332308,0.00028374407],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024535283,0.00020149104,0.00020443597,0.0008834704,0.00018100948,0.0002491481,0.0020511288,0.78987163,0.08248348,0.10467294,0.012557856,0.006398039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005506568,0.000029049417,0.000074703275,0.000043743265,0.00003250973,0.0000011114702,0.00011508607,0.9558371,0.014988528,0.0002692587,0.027735228,0.00032305028],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000047108515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015704995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92303425,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052856456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026686379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9594925},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3045706240","doi":"10.1364/ao.393059","title":"Physical model of snow precipitation interaction with a 3D lidar scanner","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Snowflake; Lidar; Snow; Visibility; Remote sensing; Optics; Probability density function; Randomness; Environmental science; Meteorology; Physics; Geology; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.01226122815911101,"score_gpt":0.2146343169278156,"score_spread":0.20237308876870458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3045706240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8871109,6.580582e-7,0.0905097,0.00014369414,0.000010013311,0.00011251629,0.0000016847373,0.00001968061,0.022091165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9613069,0.0000016338809,0.03836355,0.00019149037,0.00003565127,0.0000122343845,0.0000033031813,0.000011041799,0.00007418354],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949497,0.0000037752143,0.00008688632,0.00014995216,0.00017126527,0.0000931413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997727,0.00001552155,0.00006362051,0.00008667728,0.0000054356324,0.000056003464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001893503,0.00007469216,0.00009224134,3.9736602e-7,0.000028505827,0.000007925317,0.0000758848,0.000025313895,0.00007513106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004743221,0.00005968206,0.000018022276,0.00010296681,0.00007406912,0.000068303874,0.000050986655,0.00007270101,0.00008088818],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017133307,0.00015920581,0.0011720111,0.000014018208,0.000018783741,6.611184e-7,0.005887669,0.9039985,0.067785405,0.0029329665,0.00036609508,0.017493358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000290427,0.00017843867,0.0008288952,0.000005895777,0.000030203691,5.445114e-7,0.00054347917,0.9811315,0.016324662,0.00040307513,0.00012866412,0.0001342141],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000102065105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004198677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07713301,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026563652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006463103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24337637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3074456182","doi":"10.1364/ao.396028","title":"Efficient framework for the examination of the field of view sensitivity of a field-widened birefringent interferometer","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Birefringence; Interferometry; Astronomical interferometer; Zemax; Physics; Sensitivity (control systems); Field (mathematics); Interference (communication); Optical path length; Computer science; Software; Telecommunications; Electronic engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.015484480942639442,"score_gpt":0.23931488409524188,"score_spread":0.22383040315260244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3074456182","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2605386,0.00007084175,0.73775697,0.0006111028,0.0001395271,0.00028314412,0.0000067946316,0.000018252575,0.0005747664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99312484,0.000018677172,0.006462941,0.00034608008,0.000028235218,0.000006327711,6.2880656e-7,0.000009532634,0.000002740139],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99952275,0.000013293483,0.00021283237,0.00006310256,0.000113244714,0.00007475465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983624,0.0013528047,0.00005526331,0.0001643971,0.000043364835,0.000021756467],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016523547,0.000063685155,0.00013893329,0.000021205053,0.000018096845,0.0000045130514,0.000099915094,0.00007173501,0.000009710292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041157997,0.000042022202,0.00006208411,0.00023323145,0.000027152386,0.0000063455054,0.000048770416,0.000107275766,0.0000013813059],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014651062,0.00026525612,0.00036476564,0.003162204,0.00042886022,4.840884e-7,0.00593966,0.43088534,0.23855731,0.22287436,0.0003816864,0.09699357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018878335,0.00010241146,0.0015182091,0.00007619057,0.00007494279,1.8466498e-7,0.00019867907,0.4694237,0.52775884,0.0004052044,0.00016372229,0.00008914961],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001217551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.147701e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73258626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000063573784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004728646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17136157},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3076198157","doi":"10.1364/ao.399406","title":"Interference of two intersecting Bessel beams and application to laser Doppler velocimetry","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Bessel function; Laser Doppler velocimetry; Interference (communication); Velocimetry; Physics; Intersection (aeronautics); Doppler effect; Measure (data warehouse)","score_opus":0.009195140848920149,"score_gpt":0.23999734393760982,"score_spread":0.23080220308868968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3076198157","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.739545,0.000010453317,0.24703115,0.0002791039,0.000047049918,0.00029990575,0.000023109413,0.000029665764,0.012734593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98211306,6.975539e-7,0.017439207,0.00019905942,0.00015364459,0.000029503555,0.000019061024,0.000019074008,0.000026715687],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931276,0.0000053126096,0.00021069657,0.00022370486,0.00009852811,0.00014898911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956566,0.00004117154,0.00008513125,0.00015256286,0.000042213185,0.000113238195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054585827,0.000123324,0.00016346043,0.00002884976,0.00003748632,0.000027782286,0.00014407621,0.000023669822,0.00002297207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005173201,0.00012646473,0.000028202896,0.00018091692,0.000043426156,0.000040006616,0.00021714722,0.00012789824,0.000038443966],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016786289,0.00047586102,0.025261568,0.00030634136,0.0004071121,0.000001963961,0.015286382,0.00520555,0.27014503,0.5476004,0.0011145868,0.13402738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003783459,0.0007301939,0.0024796794,0.00014289588,0.00034469017,0.000003750602,0.022740662,0.06338692,0.8760875,0.025314407,0.003103676,0.0018821672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002236434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.804079e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6059425,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000105856625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001190562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5157082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3081329265","doi":"10.1364/ao.400528","title":"Geometrical-based quasi-aspheric surface description and design method for miniature, low-distortion, wide-angle camera lens","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; ImmerVision (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Conic section; Distortion (music); Lens (geology); Nonimaging optics; Computer science; Representation (politics); Optics; Surface (topology); Process (computing); Camera lens; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry); Function (biology); Mathematics; Geometry; Physics","score_opus":0.033263470243188084,"score_gpt":0.23765467519517547,"score_spread":0.20439120495198737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3081329265","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0039621657,0.0004818924,0.9932986,0.00017446234,0.00015171104,0.0011083505,0.00002163848,0.00044599542,0.0003552166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.35331276,0.00002449795,0.6460378,0.0003389298,0.000073268784,0.00009038714,0.000019384599,0.00008064291,0.000022305976],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99845266,0.00004332199,0.00043025767,0.0004058588,0.00023671202,0.0004311629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983417,0.0009933372,0.00008234249,0.00024013965,0.00009151166,0.00025099903],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028574423,0.00030738956,0.00043828992,0.000052538966,0.00009572396,0.000066220855,0.00015174487,0.00021640629,0.000011923701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028832458,0.00032298797,0.00007257379,0.00069591665,0.000044989007,0.0001255565,0.000022298193,0.00021771278,0.000032799217],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018590275,0.00011332974,0.000073913325,0.00063830114,0.000104430146,0.0000070172237,0.0002767419,0.9200006,0.06282569,0.0040065446,0.003598593,0.008168936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013261852,0.00032562317,0.00012309845,0.000024663512,0.00013182225,0.000002629934,0.000108427295,0.967544,0.023842296,0.0007872986,0.00514922,0.00063472346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000026568925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.675224e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3493506,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015297168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031260457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999222},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3087830183","doi":"10.1364/ao.403484","title":"Comparison of nonlinear filtering techniques for photonic systems with blackbody radiation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Black-body radiation; Photonics; Kalman filter; SIGNAL (programming language); Filter (signal processing); Noise (video); Noise reduction; Physics; Optics; Reduction (mathematics); Time delay and integration; Nonlinear filter; Optical filter; Computer science; Acoustics; Radiation; Filter design; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Computer vision","score_opus":0.019195417579291794,"score_gpt":0.25759698428216493,"score_spread":0.23840156670287313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3087830183","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33156103,0.0010498973,0.6096358,0.000107097,0.0002373275,0.0029705649,0.00013306335,0.001464126,0.052841138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9534082,0.00004277534,0.04628949,0.000030119501,0.000080454935,0.00008476722,0.00002786884,0.00003255013,0.0000037828056],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993814,0.000002399286,0.00023923597,0.00011661897,0.0001042282,0.0001560938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968183,0.000059096343,0.000050113904,0.000114464216,0.000028759514,0.00006570726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000046822486,0.00011645773,0.000264954,0.000022975824,0.00002171567,0.000021003802,0.00011053226,0.00006930651,0.0000034200036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000063566004,0.00010516228,0.000027035367,0.00010622039,0.000026505051,0.000037841186,0.000015351421,0.00009405079,0.00000552263],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005091894,0.00019816242,0.00042587324,0.0062000304,0.0005095343,0.0000040809045,0.0032224946,0.5058919,0.40787256,0.0581772,0.00066058984,0.016328366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020929314,0.00010851572,0.000013803781,0.000025369918,0.000032020645,4.1698297e-7,0.00017366256,0.7613215,0.2329252,0.000012997831,0.0050575524,0.00011967387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001775554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.94079e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62184715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021861744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012468187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42883933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088551219","doi":"10.1364/ao.400156","title":"Practical interrogation scheme for the abrupt taper Mach–Zehnder interferometer refractive index sensor","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Photodetector; Waveform; Refractive index; Mach–Zehnder interferometer; Broadband; Materials science; SIGNAL (programming language); Sensitivity (control systems); Optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Optoelectronics; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Electronic engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.03855596440933376,"score_gpt":0.2837293983608758,"score_spread":0.24517343395154204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3088551219","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.043114755,0.00003954631,0.94657105,0.0030306668,0.00037304068,0.00092580245,0.000018649118,0.0004162173,0.0055102957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8424121,0.000018730245,0.15602714,0.0009094503,0.00030034877,0.0001316987,0.00001537601,0.000096525,0.00008863945],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890405,0.000010051403,0.00029216366,0.00028018517,0.00019069956,0.00032287685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987807,0.00067533297,0.000064230335,0.00029043242,0.00007475611,0.000114496615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008666386,0.0002408708,0.00021512187,0.00003898231,0.000068900925,0.000056624478,0.00016783996,0.00015520236,0.00007904312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012668963,0.00019622494,0.000074621,0.00018127054,0.000077372795,0.00015458005,0.000068708265,0.0005035706,0.00018791965],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0036323601,0.00050199364,0.0001778694,0.0011618024,0.004627941,0.000085213476,0.038858347,0.39298126,0.35481638,0.10665716,0.043200873,0.053298805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013298662,0.00012543864,0.00014151585,0.000019810113,0.00014206792,0.000019959401,0.0069677415,0.9374089,0.024742223,0.0005723239,0.027963553,0.0005665516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.878299e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016529998,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79929733,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001165542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002005543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80018204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3091691240","doi":"10.1364/ao.402202","title":"Raman suppression within the gain fiber of high-power fiber lasers","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Fiber laser; Fiber Bragg grating; Raman spectroscopy; Laser; Optoelectronics; Photonic-crystal fiber; Laser power scaling; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Double-clad fiber; Fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Physics","score_opus":0.008253743868187845,"score_gpt":0.18637823573512668,"score_spread":0.17812449186693885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3091691240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9354706,0.000120881836,0.0012566058,0.00055851473,0.00032291742,0.0005233096,0.00007773287,0.00035707036,0.061312396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99577874,0.000014620927,0.0036148077,0.00020530583,0.00006149995,0.000015458429,0.000019079456,0.00004661592,0.0002438683],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999146,0.0000079587235,0.00027502983,0.00015630767,0.00020177955,0.0002129198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994455,0.000078095734,0.000052031206,0.00029856872,0.000022924643,0.00010286362],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008499919,0.00017425735,0.00020778326,0.00001886343,0.000046622656,0.000023583952,0.00024560816,0.0001060458,0.0003118611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013083877,0.00012820259,0.00005463137,0.00017509675,0.00008002085,0.00003836562,0.00009413869,0.00027309725,0.0001620016],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020726067,0.00012194539,0.000020845091,0.00046049373,0.00034646186,0.000028795048,0.010092749,0.75639504,0.15335758,0.03722942,0.038863163,0.0028762636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040343753,0.00037442613,0.00041783197,0.00014741252,0.00035744486,0.000019083753,0.003326537,0.29204437,0.55598104,0.006322961,0.13499843,0.001976095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000021458022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010887649,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46435067,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018669556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015316193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52279496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097171610","doi":"10.1364/ao.404112","title":"Optical model of light propagation in total internal reflection fluorescence sensors","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Research Foundation","keywords":"Optics; Total internal reflection; Ray; Ray tracing (physics); Materials science; Coupling (piping); Sensitivity (control systems); Reflection (computer programming); Optical phenomena; Light intensity; Optical instrument; Optoelectronics; Physics; Computer science; Electronic engineering","score_opus":0.019288813910766846,"score_gpt":0.23205985093733902,"score_spread":0.21277103702657219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3097171610","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9209479,0.0000046599957,0.053646803,0.0004711365,0.000018722538,0.0001103112,0.000003022136,0.000076008946,0.024721403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906847,0.000003642486,0.009052326,0.00003119271,0.00007965501,0.0000040214095,0.000005181814,0.000014481074,0.00012478852],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999149,0.0000035332405,0.00029788498,0.00019889518,0.00018072638,0.00016995691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996798,0.000034812005,0.00004381983,0.00010053858,0.000032162076,0.00010886041],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000046081765,0.0001123644,0.00017868665,0.00002130861,0.000012544653,0.000007713138,0.000092947965,0.0001190102,0.00001648268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012029133,0.00011092763,0.00004416874,0.00017184707,0.000039361053,0.000037958704,0.00004301948,0.00029549762,0.000018481605],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000821189,0.000031050855,0.000014631916,0.000063390944,0.000008252682,0.0000032087094,0.0002291993,0.15380038,0.8317013,0.013914325,0.000010996907,0.00014117542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013675955,0.0000107263995,0.0000045753827,0.000009900608,0.000007701954,0.0000011953912,0.00004580091,0.5191398,0.48046497,0.000109834524,0.0000029942814,0.00006570557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013510372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.9205312e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36533946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004154937,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000145289305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45234972},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107912722","doi":"10.1364/ao.409800","title":"High extinction ratio optical pulse characterization method via single-photon counting","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Optics; Photon counting; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Extinction ratio; Photon; Pulse shaping; Materials science; Characterization (materials science); Pulse (music); Stray light; Physics; Laser; Wavelength; Detector","score_opus":0.014505634981921024,"score_gpt":0.23589265003226303,"score_spread":0.221387015050342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3107912722","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14415358,0.0000015428965,0.8521929,0.00043228292,0.00008460968,0.00025046448,0.000013900516,0.00025308764,0.0026176488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8030012,9.524614e-7,0.1961527,0.00018143373,0.00030953088,0.00004818541,0.00024945696,0.00003211299,0.000024426043],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898046,0.000011155912,0.00027774903,0.00032967443,0.00015517378,0.0002457692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944997,0.000060271013,0.00016041889,0.00020677135,0.00005765784,0.000064939915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007043498,0.00018585002,0.00021595853,0.0000315474,0.00011241617,0.00007308189,0.00014705096,0.00009028779,0.000119961755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000145099975,0.00019691364,0.00004130331,0.00024101003,0.00004553449,0.00017292888,0.000099331926,0.00025375784,0.00008167481],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028479311,0.00006524217,0.00016355103,0.000013176941,0.000029794583,0.0000010655388,0.0001225095,0.0009706915,0.7627179,0.15142258,0.000009750194,0.08445528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056626747,0.00007449188,0.00034610453,0.0000071410764,0.00006320467,8.175791e-7,0.00031423097,0.024089895,0.95818377,0.013865728,0.0021186073,0.00036975337],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033924161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1091597e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65884763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031039403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015364978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8029905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119680327","doi":"10.1364/ao.413848","title":"Polarimetric LiDAR backscattering contrast of linearly and circularly polarized pulses for ideal depolarizing targets in generic water fogs","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Lidar; Polarimetry; Circular polarization; Linear polarization; Contrast (vision); Polarization (electrochemistry); Materials science; Physics; Scattering; Laser","score_opus":0.01097262663593165,"score_gpt":0.20873623060144506,"score_spread":0.1977636039655134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3119680327","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49376,0.0024619973,0.5020317,0.000089029076,0.00027159235,0.00040476833,0.00004880485,0.00012486058,0.00080724666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9572502,0.00010237311,0.042258315,0.000123678,0.00008463212,0.000014918551,0.00008036718,0.0000663455,0.000019215067],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99857616,0.000015310632,0.0005045069,0.0002651862,0.00016944383,0.0004694159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940777,0.00012688144,0.000038223297,0.00021010106,0.000085356296,0.00013169312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020445736,0.00021942792,0.00042232897,0.00030170713,0.00006273316,0.00010538528,0.000114471164,0.00020496975,0.0000138345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008227964,0.00021895615,0.00007002332,0.00054878416,0.000048516322,0.00013268167,0.00007354569,0.00024689047,0.000009938282],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016665237,0.000052198917,0.0039339606,0.0002728029,0.000072496616,0.000007759561,0.00018544956,0.00051249703,0.99186164,0.0021064535,0.000003320347,0.0009747597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044794437,0.00010324761,0.019529296,0.00007779597,0.00018187253,0.000038130715,0.00038203032,0.05602069,0.91552883,0.0015437751,0.0010418303,0.0010730502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032603006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012331012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46349016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043864828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028834476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8928773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123490648","doi":"10.1364/ao.419689","title":"Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"LIGO; Interferometry; Optics; Astronomical interferometer; Physics; Detector; Sensitivity (control systems); Michelson interferometer; Gravitational wave; Electronic engineering; Astronomy; Engineering","score_opus":0.007746726767667468,"score_gpt":0.3000419948576289,"score_spread":0.2922952680899614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123490648","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6788515,0.0000654175,0.00068283203,0.00065118197,0.000091371,0.0002097304,0.000092668284,0.000008509157,0.31934682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847475,0.0000051843317,0.008978066,0.000095807496,0.00006905155,0.000024882604,0.00019039965,0.000011210665,0.0058778645],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993958,0.000007674157,0.00012161369,0.00015189812,0.00013140122,0.00019160018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969,0.000057975423,0.000020587038,0.0001375791,0.00004204434,0.000051792973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057271332,0.00006753274,0.00009571693,0.000031120657,0.000033809836,0.000027507524,0.00007434894,0.000019357498,0.00020220561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004217425,0.000070181864,0.000033083714,0.00018439886,0.000021173488,0.000034347657,0.00005267927,0.0001303928,0.000101936035],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001758511,0.0001699226,0.0013149318,0.000009183744,0.000026192047,0.000015981232,0.0002100311,0.0016650326,0.027725007,0.95739144,0.00046213943,0.010992531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024388335,0.000038097096,0.017222025,0.00003199223,0.000013503689,0.0000017560917,0.0038355612,0.0017570419,0.042881243,0.91230404,0.018955428,0.00052049855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000042594943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020789298,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31346896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001608925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006418098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28619334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127294178","doi":"10.1364/ao.411576","title":"Self-monitored and optically powered fiber-optic device for localized hyperthermia and controlled cell death in vitro","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Optical fiber; Fiber Bragg grating; Core (optical fiber); Hyperthermia; Fiber; Optoelectronics; Coating; Thermometer; Heating element; Heat generation; Wavelength; Composite material","score_opus":0.005935644398436428,"score_gpt":0.20341651045480755,"score_spread":0.1974808660563711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3127294178","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9736385,0.0017986549,0.009391894,0.00005830387,0.00012615543,0.0009143269,0.000024610972,0.00022718617,0.01382038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84416944,0.00020302196,0.15525216,0.000083732455,0.000041131265,0.00010321926,0.000015197484,0.00005098941,0.00008114046],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890965,0.000013004443,0.00030517267,0.00026893755,0.00010999177,0.00039326097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990939,0.0005194757,0.000030937063,0.00017908907,0.000049249746,0.00012732933],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014795076,0.00023174327,0.00047248442,0.000050959905,0.000056905556,0.00007884227,0.000075423246,0.0001237628,0.00000621777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050733863,0.00023414822,0.00004278927,0.00010596889,0.000034799632,0.000045833833,0.000036425972,0.00017334428,0.0000049748246],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016057718,0.00043059257,0.0002766797,0.001832201,0.00054289226,0.00024737403,0.0018708754,0.008681491,0.9714622,0.004407172,0.00009768351,0.008545054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.020319318,0.000042926007,0.0002600029,0.000042864995,0.00035576933,0.00006483287,0.0007595019,0.9055281,0.07012483,0.0005480828,0.0012863906,0.00066733593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000023820658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.2666363e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9013374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005584598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055906166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95482874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3129379239","doi":"10.1364/ao.415974","title":"Fast full-field modulation transfer function analysis for photographic lens quality assessment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Society of Intestinal Research","funders":"","keywords":"Optical transfer function; Optics; Lens (geology); Image quality; Transfer function; Modulation (music); Spatial frequency; Point spread function; Quality (philosophy); Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.030067271720511657,"score_gpt":0.26896632813828386,"score_spread":0.2388990564177722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3129379239","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.065588735,0.000028523607,0.92793036,0.000028652812,0.00016437095,0.00035287437,0.000019160221,0.00020767078,0.0056796675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9559154,0.000024293595,0.04355587,0.00006768464,0.00007820424,0.00017490445,0.00011914893,0.0000326525,0.000031827683],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885046,0.000020713076,0.00038292387,0.00027150114,0.00022049189,0.0002539003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992475,0.00023721418,0.000023342836,0.00032416196,0.0001005206,0.000067261935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020479344,0.00017010505,0.00031849576,0.00010338787,0.00007354918,0.000043395376,0.00006518058,0.00014825606,0.000052204745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014968477,0.00018677869,0.00019639292,0.0007215671,0.000013157485,0.00008449789,0.00000903093,0.00014263052,0.000007158427],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037969745,0.00005220446,0.00049208984,0.00013362152,0.0007107547,0.0000010493376,0.0000548432,0.7801539,0.112151794,0.101188794,0.000021220523,0.00500177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018373533,0.00017268588,0.016692916,0.000021224492,0.0017782568,0.0000032709388,0.0005559701,0.94384366,0.023953218,0.008850106,0.0012854545,0.001005893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000024378849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053314772,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8903267,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006901784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015764766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7616614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135993696","doi":"10.1364/ao.416832","title":"Inline holographic inscription of diffractive lenses in azobenzene molecular glass thin films","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Defence Research and Development Canada","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Holography; Diffraction efficiency; Azobenzene; Lens (geology); Fresnel zone; Focal length; Diffraction; Diffraction grating; Grating; Optoelectronics; Physics; Polymer","score_opus":0.017133036764247836,"score_gpt":0.28012185651783394,"score_spread":0.2629888197535861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135993696","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99255437,0.00015493478,0.0050634043,0.00007620258,0.00010374379,0.00022173855,0.00002918973,0.000026713491,0.0017696825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96973836,0.00015330136,0.029824119,0.00014148149,0.000014384378,0.000040490642,0.000032068998,0.000018185783,0.00003758836],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99848944,0.00006622021,0.00032285356,0.00032257737,0.00046548742,0.0003334039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919844,0.00009589193,0.00012083282,0.0003560636,0.00015820937,0.00007056827],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030099612,0.00013160027,0.00023525389,0.00012051284,0.000034606368,0.000032999396,0.00021398989,0.0000807153,0.000116922434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000256792,0.00012989626,0.000038683087,0.00046896253,0.00011736095,0.00015247674,0.0002437268,0.00017707364,0.000021156256],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009089965,0.00024982487,0.00019281387,0.00004085392,0.000009182254,0.0000628699,0.00011414223,0.005599058,0.98395467,0.009482111,0.000010402289,0.00019316174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007225311,0.000107194806,0.0014460109,0.000031599142,0.000008999936,0.000003157394,0.00046657203,0.001326222,0.9921166,0.0035529227,0.00008151138,0.00013668512],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022255495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025478163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024760716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048628146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009626818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5297016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3137615454","doi":"10.1364/ao.419837","title":"Distributed strain and temperature sensing over 100  km using tunable-wavelength OTDR based on MEMS filters","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optical time-domain reflectometer; Materials science; Optics; Raman amplification; Narrowband; Fiber optic sensor; Microelectromechanical systems; Optical fiber; Fiber Bragg grating; Optoelectronics; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Wavelength; Temperature measurement; Raman spectroscopy; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Raman scattering; Physics","score_opus":0.012285301073038669,"score_gpt":0.2178739850373033,"score_spread":0.20558868396426463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3137615454","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96511984,0.000078594756,0.030732367,0.00007732542,0.0003352063,0.00027656482,0.00036102522,0.00038623862,0.002632835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91273695,0.000022182543,0.086453296,0.00026190912,0.00012507409,0.0000024673159,0.00025704008,0.00010237018,0.000038716033],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870604,0.000013010482,0.00024837803,0.0003542995,0.00023685014,0.00044141535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918455,0.00018319045,0.000038749004,0.00039769715,0.000052075477,0.0001437672],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000077323755,0.0003148672,0.00029172358,0.00006920652,0.00011261717,0.00009826167,0.00006658484,0.0002089894,0.000027814101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045916586,0.00034915592,0.000046761186,0.0003354108,0.00006111462,0.000064850974,0.000035896912,0.000419023,0.0000061427922],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017185164,0.000021420745,0.000012224421,0.00008195619,0.000056883455,0.00013342654,0.00014077478,0.7204776,0.27541918,0.0009274379,0.00015001549,0.0025619585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010067008,0.0000191677,0.0003323357,0.00008972901,0.00006475962,0.00003882734,0.00051934813,0.9383515,0.057798028,0.00022875982,0.0009729665,0.000577883],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001929335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028942038,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21787395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015512452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042705775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3147959684","doi":"10.1364/ao.421294","title":"Precise determination of the focal point on a glass sample using spectroscopy analysis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Ministère de la Défense Nationale","keywords":"Optics; Numerical aperture; Laser; Focal point; Point (geometry); Spectroscopy; Laser scanning; Materials science; Computer science; Cardinal point; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.012279878181136412,"score_gpt":0.24205000048068592,"score_spread":0.22977012229954952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3147959684","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49505424,0.000008643022,0.5029906,0.000017756594,0.00009098131,0.000092263166,0.000015845531,0.00014089534,0.0015887427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79351246,0.000004722981,0.20640796,0.000015118398,0.000027356848,0.000006012886,0.000006662944,0.000016211694,0.0000035056266],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994401,0.00001014143,0.00018595124,0.00011169773,0.00013794364,0.000114208924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995546,0.000050250514,0.00004837336,0.00028904493,0.000038465725,0.00001930804],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007922695,0.00009028545,0.00015991178,0.00005333414,0.000035437595,0.000037607177,0.000116412455,0.000057231675,0.00001620099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003516778,0.00007568795,0.000057808735,0.00040794563,0.00002140877,0.00003081076,0.000051262454,0.000073055926,0.0000013009421],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016196967,0.0000514447,0.00012279113,0.00011787196,0.000108801876,0.000002282816,0.0002157597,0.02807321,0.9635154,0.0061701606,0.000032890377,0.0015732129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006493644,0.000007707938,0.00013202254,0.000016742455,0.00014998973,7.925904e-7,0.000015342877,0.14724104,0.84657204,0.005698895,0.000025528856,0.00007497284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006807747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001193671,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2984582,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007586181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019975918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3086465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3153222899","doi":"10.1364/ao.422155","title":"Vector-apodizing phase plate coronagraph: design, current performance, and future development [Invited]","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics; University of Victoria; Université Laval","funders":"European Research Council; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Coronagraph; Starlight; Apodization; Polarization (electrochemistry); Achromatic lens; Offset (computer science); Wavefront; Infrared; Phase distortion","score_opus":0.02314799120886286,"score_gpt":0.2471647538423532,"score_spread":0.22401676263349035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3153222899","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8312192,0.00060383347,0.1581608,0.00014876043,0.00055203657,0.0003721774,0.000020686713,0.00005666551,0.008865874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91007435,0.00013516568,0.08895541,0.00006627331,0.0005522386,0.000012075907,0.00011285089,0.000031702053,0.000059914997],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891406,0.0000141557075,0.0002495466,0.00032108946,0.00016652042,0.00033464862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946916,0.000042791195,0.000095146665,0.00017851614,0.000084131156,0.0001302565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010468711,0.0002343365,0.00022605385,0.00004703257,0.00029602778,0.000087257504,0.00006696408,0.000045870245,0.000033778757],"category_scores_gemma":[9.574896e-7,0.00023073317,0.00003842981,0.0001543722,0.00004925463,0.00006909829,0.000097083444,0.0002332478,0.000017942906],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010354359,0.00067298627,0.0019066988,0.000079572535,0.00032350526,0.000018900007,0.002031656,0.000642004,0.01680295,0.10381636,0.0008160056,0.8727858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013386886,0.00034783024,0.015329017,0.00038165564,0.0005522473,0.000034772813,0.0071501527,0.065452546,0.23086086,0.006121767,0.65622216,0.0041601304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.7375196e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.390724e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8686257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025499214,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008716896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9409026},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3153505301","doi":"10.1364/ao.427951","title":"500  W peak power cavity dumped 2  µm GaSb-based VECSEL","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PBR Laboratories","funders":"Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Power (physics); Phase matching; Laser; Physics","score_opus":0.0071308247670014875,"score_gpt":0.18924663931899136,"score_spread":0.18211581455198986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3153505301","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8903688,0.00041342652,0.001755172,0.00013153344,0.0006953723,0.00015464576,0.000031987776,0.00047874296,0.10597027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903734,0.000036105095,0.00869209,0.0004983641,0.00011067522,0.000017057544,0.0000528585,0.000056538505,0.00016295271],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989579,0.000009208811,0.00021863334,0.0002472831,0.00020156315,0.00036541483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923235,0.000113522015,0.000021824399,0.0004087788,0.00006198733,0.00016154085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007861126,0.00020873155,0.00023904616,0.000037338523,0.000059020316,0.000073550094,0.00015553134,0.00014619081,0.00042458688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027990476,0.00021529268,0.000077095545,0.00022527049,0.000046446585,0.00005045472,0.000039970724,0.00025667113,0.0002711143],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054720836,0.0003919191,0.0005908995,0.0004900294,0.00031861488,0.00037450658,0.00057406985,0.054561414,0.83615255,0.09208,0.010800826,0.0036104277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038191096,0.00011485097,0.007982942,0.000114954266,0.00032972475,0.000031977004,0.0012949349,0.113826014,0.72711426,0.0038220892,0.13892293,0.002626207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037723248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011346457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1281221,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005055454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045855868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8779381},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157711422","doi":"10.1364/ao.405394","title":"Degree of polarization of photoluminescence from facets of InP as a function of strain: some experimental evidence","year":2021,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Photoluminescence; Optics; Materials science; Polarization (electrochemistry); Refractive index; Degree of polarization; Strain (injury); Optoelectronics; Physics; Chemistry; Scattering","score_opus":0.03850189303649262,"score_gpt":0.2711426784594356,"score_spread":0.232640785422943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3157711422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99534845,0.0027681005,0.0006110501,0.000011191195,0.0002539046,0.00024140644,0.00043129394,0.000004620853,0.00032999006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980491,0.00006248505,0.0015192607,0.000019720352,0.000115851515,0.0000056867675,0.00018850307,0.000020386555,0.000019045448],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998336,0.000033272234,0.0007658459,0.00031607482,0.00037283002,0.00017597206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99817175,0.00015651525,0.00093140383,0.0004245722,0.00025547377,0.000060308204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007155712,0.00022121161,0.0005659577,0.00005609361,0.000033345605,0.000014699985,0.00020610835,0.00013161771,0.00033201452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019833851,0.00023550758,0.00014667561,0.00026089104,0.0002034973,0.00017089795,0.00012515332,0.0001339664,0.000003507125],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014160617,0.00026306298,0.0062271636,0.00022838982,0.00019279466,5.3571307e-7,0.001189011,0.0000935362,0.94216156,0.048499644,0.000007531014,0.0009951772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006411748,0.00020029556,0.010352176,0.00035318453,0.000191262,4.6726953e-7,0.0061349096,0.00044253623,0.9786913,0.0028065452,0.000011022223,0.00017515449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00053774065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043019922,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0456931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017581546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023925488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9603721},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157799528","doi":"10.1364/ao.419249","title":"Adaptation of the polarimetric multi-spectral Aerosol Limb Imager for high altitude aircraft and satellite observations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Honeywell (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Remote sensing; Radiance; Stratosphere; Polarimetry; Radiometer; Satellite; Aerosol; Environmental science; Troposphere; Breadboard; Sun-synchronous orbit; Optics; Geology; Meteorology; Physics","score_opus":0.025358053231279813,"score_gpt":0.23376466829602124,"score_spread":0.20840661506474142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3157799528","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84768724,0.0002284643,0.14993197,0.00086713984,0.00011120059,0.00044830405,0.00011206014,0.00005595658,0.0005576768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.77118117,0.000018427876,0.22844115,0.000038467253,0.00004447243,0.000028854989,0.000029914909,0.000010457217,0.00020711844],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993387,0.000006177975,0.00020085216,0.00018011707,0.00009497776,0.00017917989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999412,0.0001437405,0.00008276078,0.0002286482,0.00010413784,0.000028736164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048008722,0.00011090922,0.00015448214,0.000029046132,0.000119134915,0.00003790023,0.00012178492,0.000056759312,0.000010033501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028951757,0.00008593422,0.00006346538,0.00028150648,0.00011005835,0.000051186267,0.00009765917,0.00012579712,0.0000026677203],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013459873,0.00034828877,0.009124754,0.000042283267,0.00010475276,4.2734905e-7,0.00013440904,0.0007227702,0.13766478,0.8325636,0.000031271313,0.019249232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003260032,0.00017467569,0.184776,0.00004631473,0.00044599504,0.0000018527239,0.004047435,0.012441873,0.7369595,0.055622056,0.0014891424,0.0007351408],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004012594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000065701242,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77694154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009670731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004501392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35042956},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3159292895","doi":"10.1364/ao.426462","title":"Co-located angularly offset fiber Bragg grating pair for temperature-compensated unambiguous 3D shape sensing","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Optics; Fiber Bragg grating; Materials science; Offset (computer science); PHOSFOS; Fiber optic sensor; Optical fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Physics","score_opus":0.01112718403118077,"score_gpt":0.2265462319514674,"score_spread":0.21541904792028663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3159292895","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97197413,0.00031416916,0.018077526,0.00010752717,0.0005092037,0.00087443687,0.000145117,0.0015452203,0.0064526442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7527615,0.000018078481,0.24513459,0.00031063968,0.00024690514,0.000027049284,0.00072089373,0.00023481753,0.0005455632],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812824,0.00002101813,0.00048992725,0.00046583312,0.00025377347,0.00064122013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99877363,0.00026312447,0.00007711514,0.00050853705,0.00022756188,0.0001500335],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013762256,0.00041127138,0.0004567481,0.00008831796,0.00019786932,0.00014122957,0.00014246561,0.0003121491,0.00006508614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000091047936,0.0004690746,0.000098724784,0.0004862046,0.00006435821,0.00009945182,0.00003279977,0.00043919467,0.000082777435],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045171906,0.000054090728,0.000020345587,0.00024280022,0.00023798656,0.00015535916,0.0007800499,0.22142811,0.751971,0.0014861147,0.0021412259,0.021437755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016706729,0.000045256165,0.00018089979,0.00009153583,0.00012608171,0.00013563788,0.00066910224,0.60244566,0.3859228,0.0005000459,0.007160475,0.0010518747],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000028464901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007906849,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38101754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001204987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005361351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997761},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162588186","doi":"10.1364/ao.423075","title":"Digital holographic microscopy for real-time investigation of 3D microstructural dynamics of starch-kefiran-based nanocomposite","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Digital holographic microscopy; Polymer; Holography; Microscopy; Starch; Nanocomposite; Optics; Swelling; Optical microscope; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Scanning electron microscope; Chemistry","score_opus":0.006712857820920886,"score_gpt":0.20135818675475928,"score_spread":0.1946453289338384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3162588186","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912775,0.00014432227,0.0072911778,0.00004765686,0.0000697801,0.00022763394,0.00037277795,0.00023253099,0.00033659526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87421507,0.000086108594,0.12509814,0.000013177755,0.000010456519,0.0000054096727,0.0005279416,0.000030126334,0.000013582927],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991872,0.0000047156777,0.00033374384,0.00017234558,0.00009156742,0.00021046671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993882,0.00009001558,0.00008751851,0.00029019028,0.000112783615,0.000031254884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054884615,0.00016629181,0.00028305175,0.00010786495,0.00003607834,0.000025896608,0.00014427798,0.00018318096,0.0000020459254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016046022,0.00017111778,0.00007649027,0.00029224154,0.00032652114,0.000035813002,0.0000427792,0.000097281474,0.0000014685952],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033994304,0.000012435913,0.0006442089,0.00023018467,0.000037998536,0.0000013719452,0.000044806737,0.00041031092,0.99562955,0.0009646443,0.00012898991,0.0018615325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004903779,0.00006773756,0.0005579901,0.000044953842,0.00003853346,0.000004644239,0.000070504924,0.011661745,0.9856165,0.0012179812,0.00004819668,0.00018082788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000036411607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002752344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.117806956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035965983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045524255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.697798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162959517","doi":"10.1364/ao.427116","title":"Experimental study on the effect of defect curvature on the impactfracture behavior of structures using the real-virtual causticsmethod","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Hammer; Curvature; Fracture mechanics; Drop (telecommunication); Crack closure; Structural engineering; Drop impact; Fracture (geology); Impact energy; Mechanics; Composite material; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Geometry; Physics","score_opus":0.02355422456094188,"score_gpt":0.2978160537079365,"score_spread":0.27426182914699465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3162959517","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958838,0.000109676796,0.0026638436,0.0000138355645,0.00022990607,0.00067514565,0.000018683564,0.000024915571,0.00038015112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99930894,0.000011041717,0.00046353316,0.00003945778,0.00008460551,0.00003910758,0.0000041843846,0.00004551538,0.0000035825326],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900717,0.00010975168,0.00022332923,0.0001585551,0.0003115525,0.0001896324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984573,0.0008241097,0.00008013864,0.0005748938,0.000034115288,0.000029423489],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038502962,0.00022619824,0.0002564348,0.000026598625,0.00015359401,0.000030423173,0.00023883647,0.000108440996,0.0000132209125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006057562,0.000106231455,0.00011715863,0.00014780751,0.000024751535,0.000012807668,0.000082295,0.0004786362,5.314481e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000064144784,0.00010475779,0.000047316553,0.000021329668,0.00022122645,0.0000071580416,0.002827803,0.36088687,0.6175612,0.017765058,0.00004883648,0.00044430027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032693567,0.00046196813,0.00017272145,0.000024600844,0.00028505345,0.000003812335,0.0046949596,0.025553968,0.96820354,0.00012795244,0.0000078881685,0.0001366008],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012201166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003228909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35064232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000408188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001989134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4331993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3168450420","doi":"10.1364/ao.424362","title":"Characteristics of the speckle field under sharper focusing conditions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians","funders":"","keywords":"Speckle pattern; Optics; Physics; Autocorrelation; Scalar field; Diffraction; Field (mathematics); Scalar (mathematics); Parametric statistics; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Geometry; Statistics","score_opus":0.010576200010622426,"score_gpt":0.24287433343512244,"score_spread":0.2322981334245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3168450420","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82589036,0.0000029386406,0.012251543,0.0009139119,0.00067883666,0.00014168855,0.00025231615,0.000016657923,0.15985173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969241,0.0000034015136,0.0013315934,0.00027781536,0.00023463242,0.0000105647605,0.000063925894,0.000011964629,0.0011419882],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994623,0.000008151836,0.00019272944,0.00011535073,0.0000942098,0.00012723437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992491,0.00024328614,0.00009407436,0.00028047865,0.000098268894,0.000034769477],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000023335155,0.00008626667,0.000119993856,0.000014058994,0.00012823952,0.000043959015,0.000097115146,0.000034369405,0.00268996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016618771,0.000070461734,0.00007777998,0.00011563552,0.000038805752,0.000035497946,0.00008403674,0.00014785939,0.00010759201],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000055634937,0.00035095276,0.00814895,0.000017610044,0.00009738676,0.000002191902,0.000117440075,0.0005964229,0.011531307,0.97339016,0.004817372,0.000924645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010778155,0.000044590277,0.039544664,0.00014631356,0.00038658018,0.000009369531,0.002529738,0.0009953529,0.8563727,0.06333164,0.034967873,0.00059331587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000234283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005396097,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9100585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000109921875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000070836155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3171741177","doi":"10.1364/ao.430326","title":"Balanced photodetector nonlinearity for the short-pulse regime","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Photodetector; Detector; Nonlinear system; Laser; Impulse (physics); Impulse response; Nonlinear optics; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.016515259288693344,"score_gpt":0.2615583208735892,"score_spread":0.24504306158489586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3171741177","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17295098,0.00020035119,0.7901406,0.0026685104,0.00051601167,0.0016081023,0.0005364985,0.00053922756,0.030839669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9318523,0.000007350374,0.066634186,0.00011452019,0.000251358,0.00025682856,0.00008609981,0.00002860389,0.00076879864],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917704,0.000004256675,0.0001585573,0.00026025626,0.00012783728,0.0002720669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899185,0.00022088217,0.000046067675,0.00058435183,0.00012410802,0.00003275105],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006989471,0.00014679552,0.00017096393,0.000012804379,0.00016585665,0.00004622183,0.00025878087,0.00006299436,0.000054298034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024523142,0.000115362775,0.000084845495,0.0001543534,0.000084271385,0.000036561938,0.00013611391,0.00022260434,0.000018202836],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013519364,0.0004102861,0.0017356614,0.000054997956,0.00048233286,0.000008066374,0.00027704748,0.003723783,0.09693093,0.66837907,0.003973237,0.22388938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010562344,0.00003719665,0.00045305298,0.0000115405355,0.00012689664,0.000001577635,0.0019423038,0.010986021,0.8516041,0.07023213,0.06303906,0.00050986605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000043330774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043513464,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7589013,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016393566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047026864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47043574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3181084120","doi":"10.1364/ao.429888","title":"Reflection terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for imaging and identifying concealed interfaces in insulated systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Terahertz radiation; Reflection (computer programming); Terahertz spectroscopy and technology; Spectroscopy; Materials science; Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy; Total internal reflection; Time domain; Imaging spectroscopy; Reflection coefficient; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.009248187872056156,"score_gpt":0.24797159374116942,"score_spread":0.23872340586911325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3181084120","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93401027,0.0008242247,0.062125336,0.00012721837,0.0001583132,0.00037933164,0.000008260025,0.00042097378,0.0019460516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98528415,0.00007210957,0.014343824,0.000016593833,0.000026018744,0.00015624844,0.0000240344,0.00002747031,0.000049576603],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993649,0.0000070293963,0.00021598312,0.00018665871,0.00004095728,0.00018446693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999714,0.000055537046,0.000029251216,0.0001549725,0.000022415747,0.00002381212],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008419686,0.00011113491,0.0001606629,0.00007693279,0.000061006696,0.00006590002,0.000067060355,0.000090232046,0.0000046448968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000076016595,0.00012971678,0.000013757474,0.00021144666,0.000037191614,0.000057157537,0.000027631644,0.00015269461,0.000011184731],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000965071,0.000019049765,0.0004223971,0.000101847065,0.00003094118,0.0000040113605,0.00042443592,0.00089325145,0.9844078,0.009441874,0.00014263345,0.004102107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002434933,0.000029735911,0.0012577804,0.00020616114,0.000060771017,0.00009666429,0.0030305404,0.3244557,0.64097846,0.01676166,0.009989608,0.00069797726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037105171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008826703,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34342933,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006901679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009106738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52896965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3185515366","doi":"10.1364/ao.434435","title":"Enlightening Arago–Poisson spot using structured light","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Algonquin College","funders":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","keywords":"Optics; Axicon; Physics; Opacity; Light intensity; Light beam; Laser; Laser beams","score_opus":0.00944289545900184,"score_gpt":0.2279233966588465,"score_spread":0.21848050119984466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3185515366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91298896,0.0001041502,0.011609655,0.000157498,0.0004663592,0.00017068141,0.00002682946,0.000066786146,0.07440907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9502035,0.000002088117,0.048192024,0.000073852854,0.0006341042,0.000007666907,0.00007281982,0.00004838361,0.0007656093],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987662,0.000014177152,0.0002739895,0.00033845202,0.00021003926,0.00039713646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924827,0.000031793094,0.00011159925,0.0004017672,0.00008761678,0.00011896948],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006207257,0.00023586118,0.00025309194,0.000043088457,0.00016788706,0.00012808428,0.00016713497,0.00007367771,0.00041243606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004232125,0.00024198313,0.00010415283,0.00025098614,0.000036583093,0.00007342492,0.00017330944,0.00024227274,0.0000765261],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016384854,0.00018509245,0.002043755,0.000034910878,0.0002461533,0.000042567466,0.00088976364,0.0020389524,0.398514,0.59054905,0.00027904077,0.0051603164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013131917,0.000034290642,0.00051763083,0.00004957213,0.00026300567,0.000023226981,0.0029994838,0.0072767497,0.9065858,0.06580934,0.014065346,0.0010623429],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008035982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010834382,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52473974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043789547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008467163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98677856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194204421","doi":"10.1364/ao.435728","title":"Near-IR reconfigurable 1D Ag grating Fabry–Perot absorber hybridized with phase-change material GSST","year":2021,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nipissing University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry","score_opus":0.04409210338731004,"score_gpt":0.3032819408155558,"score_spread":0.25918983742824575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3194204421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9698616,0.0002135948,0.0024471101,0.00051144697,0.0012748824,0.0021471977,0.0011983439,0.00021915148,0.022126619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9649991,0.0003277361,0.028879242,0.00060868106,0.00095154525,0.0006337363,0.00043838145,0.00020696502,0.0029546206],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9937714,0.000208011,0.0010118746,0.0014523155,0.0015623207,0.0019940857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99674314,0.00023802345,0.0004935714,0.0013248418,0.00056218286,0.0006382158],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009896009,0.00075821375,0.0009528231,0.00009189075,0.0008271728,0.0019571565,0.0007805745,0.00025615757,0.0061248266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002746967,0.00071216834,0.000115807736,0.00064206525,0.0005809241,0.0007394445,0.0005133495,0.0005410475,0.0011649644],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016401946,0.0007064292,0.000023257655,0.00044641347,0.00013163127,0.000574962,0.0008212022,0.00012133312,0.9824076,0.004608537,0.00069861294,0.007819771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0083719045,0.0009547085,0.000023793275,0.00041902895,0.00016911795,0.00011129375,0.0016074064,0.002666574,0.96722186,0.001070938,0.016095042,0.0012883113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015780215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000068793146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02643213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003441642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008111908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99961275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195747362","doi":"10.1364/ao.437738","title":"Cancer cell detector based on a slab waveguide of anisotropic, lossy, and dispersive left-handed material","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development","keywords":"Optics; Slab; Waveguide; Materials science; Cladding (metalworking); Lossy compression; Detector; Anisotropy; Optoelectronics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.01257226862271331,"score_gpt":0.23920991526346685,"score_spread":0.22663764664075353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3195747362","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937892,0.000104166385,0.00045593412,0.00008959845,0.00034724985,0.00029961937,0.0012304718,0.00004286655,0.0036409036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97037625,0.00017895739,0.028767241,0.00019134113,0.00011003882,0.00007733167,0.00007922804,0.000027785676,0.0001918487],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987396,0.00004306966,0.0003407135,0.0003855471,0.00023595562,0.00025509208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990769,0.00009523187,0.00018450197,0.0004279105,0.000112890186,0.00010258883],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001411394,0.00018385687,0.00034943552,0.000022283573,0.000110617824,0.000087373155,0.00015610023,0.00009031386,0.0063216006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002412268,0.00016309354,0.000043063,0.00007672495,0.000107444,0.00004287589,0.000091953254,0.000044925964,0.00004715596],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000076378565,0.00007703113,0.000013369177,0.00009171031,0.000008256121,0.0000027072927,0.000092160735,0.00017562736,0.9963867,0.0026860954,0.00027176872,0.000118186625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061041635,0.00005130927,0.00014650723,0.000020777485,0.00007151394,0.000001652759,0.00011638049,0.0009614602,0.9945007,0.00022502257,0.0031175818,0.00017668778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007754872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006454715,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028311307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039379654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012328124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99458677},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199719886","doi":"10.1364/ao.438942","title":"Pressure sensing with high-finesse monolithic buckled-dome microcavities","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Finesse; Optics; Dome (geology); Materials science; Optoelectronics; Geology; Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Physics; Laser","score_opus":0.00547300245068463,"score_gpt":0.17976433142201048,"score_spread":0.17429132897132585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3199719886","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91490793,0.0012593352,0.068818346,0.00014351649,0.00043416978,0.00031573995,0.000027208327,0.0010420723,0.013051659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80863523,0.000080117235,0.19008026,0.00009299269,0.00016187134,0.000009125783,0.000026960153,0.00012234815,0.0007910923],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885094,0.000008317097,0.00022951263,0.0002919737,0.00020193418,0.00041731817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916637,0.0001095024,0.00003792061,0.0004903631,0.00010180463,0.0000940542],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000043151038,0.00028281755,0.00031553305,0.00005697509,0.00007667338,0.000054595355,0.000099713994,0.0001507398,0.00002115814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013933546,0.00028521483,0.000032442018,0.00029051924,0.00007986815,0.00007906243,0.00004862978,0.00033403168,0.000061010855],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000470565,0.000042003634,0.00004681845,0.000430894,0.00041434623,0.00032483568,0.001345735,0.7863674,0.17289531,0.034516376,0.00041759422,0.0031516387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035807835,0.000080217294,0.0008555164,0.000292028,0.0006965097,0.00067063357,0.004459828,0.0807162,0.86710596,0.006492414,0.032386813,0.002663103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003857952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001024787,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70565116,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041382475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035920853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201911141","doi":"10.1364/ao.438297","title":"Modification of surface morphology of hydrogels due to subsurface femtosecond laser micromachining","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Profilometer; Femtosecond; Surface micromachining; Refractive index; Optics; Laser; Interferometry; Morphology (biology); Optoelectronics; Composite material; Surface finish; Fabrication","score_opus":0.013581228552960917,"score_gpt":0.23311201596670658,"score_spread":0.21953078741374565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3201911141","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9711868,0.000065854976,0.025181675,0.00002788513,0.000091693466,0.0001296999,0.0000336812,0.000184234,0.0030984567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8759905,0.000012102556,0.1238638,0.000025110909,0.000013478275,0.000006949937,0.000025428428,0.000036131947,0.000026501963],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999245,0.000012799661,0.0003185037,0.00016538368,0.00009601584,0.00016230244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994338,0.000048621056,0.00006777563,0.00032851484,0.00007627187,0.000044992717],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013612064,0.00012346974,0.00027549683,0.0000379673,0.000018186192,0.000014350727,0.00016399595,0.00011043611,0.000031929307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018411598,0.0001429466,0.000025680583,0.00019759781,0.000030247296,0.000040801922,0.000067458815,0.00008866909,0.000015260583],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008487113,0.000026393,0.00003455963,0.00015933666,0.000021069985,0.0000048978404,0.00026312363,0.069437474,0.92783344,0.0017784877,0.00013599644,0.00029675342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013645108,0.000014885657,0.00011543114,0.000022911221,0.000016335438,0.000008361004,0.00005283873,0.0043805954,0.9938665,0.001146853,0.00010886328,0.00012999425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000073942606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003076064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09868213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024166637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025445144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5829193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3206783638","doi":"10.1364/ao.430540","title":"Fiber Fabry–Perot astrophotonic correlation spectroscopy for remote gas identification and radial velocity measurements","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","keywords":"Optics; Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Radial velocity; Materials science; Optical fiber; Spectroscopy; Fiber optic sensor; Physics; Wavelength","score_opus":0.020280972077663755,"score_gpt":0.26301879471856227,"score_spread":0.24273782264089852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3206783638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6032852,0.00019473347,0.36216667,0.00045763288,0.00020770347,0.00077676034,0.000117896416,0.0002068767,0.03258651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94146836,0.00008173458,0.055984195,0.000077089804,0.0002519181,0.00015151098,0.00050521013,0.000044480257,0.0014354755],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987127,0.000008638554,0.00031659188,0.00045545428,0.00023157928,0.00027502648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991166,0.00007188408,0.0001446094,0.000442271,0.00012738274,0.0000972422],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001531764,0.0001767622,0.00018126839,0.000027724445,0.00026705928,0.000105587926,0.00012101733,0.0001536291,0.00037842416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051557294,0.00021039162,0.000059448706,0.00014313603,0.00006520503,0.000048356076,0.000040600567,0.00018459695,0.000071264374],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007127084,0.00008290849,0.00015396223,0.000080937876,0.00006782014,8.434012e-7,0.00013996099,0.00023532179,0.9821618,0.006237007,0.00055861444,0.010209532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011906866,0.00001727276,0.0004913601,0.000017998824,0.00015388518,0.00000884878,0.000115667455,0.029850813,0.9583772,0.0056769713,0.0038285912,0.00027073993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007699659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009003972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3381832,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015206849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010158192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8579521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3214986647","doi":"10.1364/ao.444871","title":"Multi-layer longitudinally specular optics for distributing diffuse light","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Specular reflection; Prism; Perpendicular; Geometrical optics; Ray; White light; Wavelength; Stray light; Reflection (computer programming); Light beam","score_opus":0.02380673107412853,"score_gpt":0.24282766184938012,"score_spread":0.2190209307752516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3214986647","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02054712,0.00031788525,0.97261685,0.000084241874,0.00039469826,0.0005581768,0.000050214905,0.0004414325,0.004989364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6086846,0.00004265692,0.39047676,0.00004023367,0.00024370651,0.000099687786,0.0000662505,0.000106669286,0.00023941226],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982658,0.000010003004,0.000464179,0.0003845364,0.00023490006,0.00064058613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886644,0.00021088464,0.00005416848,0.0005190656,0.00014912421,0.00020030107],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014270814,0.0003234419,0.000405668,0.000034940684,0.00012273205,0.000104211285,0.00022173791,0.0001922056,0.000015050036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014888945,0.00034411406,0.00012955244,0.00025850488,0.000033701355,0.00007508044,0.00009271747,0.00023755923,0.00009873745],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003406718,0.00041344954,0.000119813296,0.0007531305,0.0004423567,0.00024432698,0.00026812707,0.121852286,0.68931973,0.18271834,0.00065595796,0.0031784468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004917418,0.00007826546,0.00036404503,0.0001539212,0.00038416442,0.000073077936,0.00062752975,0.3850651,0.58218914,0.0032248353,0.020992829,0.0019296611],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.3276478e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025204092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5881375,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000148918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028010703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999011},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200543547","doi":"10.1364/ao.444494","title":"Random jumps in the phase-OTDR response","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"U.S. Department of State","keywords":"Reflectometry; Optics; Optical time-domain reflectometer; Physics; Phase (matter); Rayleigh scattering; Scattering; Time domain; Optical fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Computer science","score_opus":0.012365094798121843,"score_gpt":0.2467246154093228,"score_spread":0.23435952061120097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200543547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9523348,0.00031041523,0.015893152,0.00027869068,0.00022815475,0.00028189513,0.000008157767,0.00019957888,0.030465161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97883016,0.00012681485,0.020392474,0.0002746066,0.00008269743,0.000046704205,0.00001208231,0.00004574063,0.00018874853],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991893,0.000037419173,0.0002074661,0.00014883725,0.00016135896,0.0002556003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988832,0.0006344441,0.000015953814,0.00040970574,0.000019818908,0.00003691314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002904396,0.00013390758,0.00016716683,0.000046552243,0.00003511733,0.000029729084,0.00016062488,0.00007566236,0.000033053155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000094143135,0.00011580063,0.000037444148,0.0003473323,0.000035141627,0.000032851625,0.000022692535,0.00025887825,0.00010516896],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019584948,0.0003868766,0.000043823027,0.00009855651,0.00014708756,0.0009611947,0.009515125,0.61514086,0.31226555,0.035152663,0.0038942294,0.02043556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.05822177,0.00021858598,0.0020996495,0.00013060807,0.00027083792,0.0004895029,0.018752461,0.2684314,0.3632923,0.015033502,0.27009758,0.002961809],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.5091204e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044876224,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34670943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004282863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020135085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47222126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205174199","doi":"10.1364/ao.449825","title":"Polarimetric photoluminescence microscope for strain imaging on semiconductor devices","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Near-Field Optical Microscopy","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Semiconductor; Polarization (electrochemistry); Polarimetry; Anisotropy; Microscopy; Microscope; Lithography; Photoluminescence; Photolithography","score_opus":0.009907365440908028,"score_gpt":0.22722585695600794,"score_spread":0.2173184915150999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205174199","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96705765,0.0006686465,0.010465267,0.0001721448,0.0015712873,0.001546811,0.0005693957,0.0007340339,0.01721475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9636513,0.000008766176,0.035161555,0.000686681,0.00011054492,0.00014555508,0.000047188678,0.00008054351,0.0001078651],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988411,0.000008202718,0.00024095763,0.00028646,0.00017959106,0.00044367378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999366,0.00018216438,0.000036859215,0.0003004836,0.000024605042,0.000089880596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014974482,0.00020978357,0.00020403371,0.00013772353,0.00019656884,0.00007706811,0.00034961718,0.00004723809,0.00013824276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027848051,0.00024518272,0.000059540027,0.00039505243,0.00003989223,0.000053640862,0.000099934856,0.00036810033,0.0000424665],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025426327,0.000053875992,0.00016230853,0.00009063864,0.00002550585,0.0000045371075,0.000110545756,0.0020116207,0.98874307,0.0056079035,0.0018711751,0.0012933712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015310951,0.00017281901,0.0004893734,0.000025874711,0.00008107779,0.000022128024,0.00090276636,0.027853414,0.9213396,0.00056337396,0.045950826,0.0010676511],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008683974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021709407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.067403495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013284768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029142142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998261},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206318815","doi":"10.1364/ao.442556","title":"U-shape core-offset fiber sensor with submicrostrain resolution over a 35 millistrain range","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Strain (injury); Fiber optic sensor; Fiber; Optical fiber; Bending; Compression (physics); Tension (geology); Sensitivity (control systems)","score_opus":0.01265641488047492,"score_gpt":0.2104825019583735,"score_spread":0.1978260870778986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206318815","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97701204,0.00015059247,0.0031956166,0.00006168322,0.00022977592,0.0007470887,0.00046135992,0.0006785581,0.01746326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91593325,0.00003253171,0.08163926,0.0002704406,0.00017615843,0.00020262097,0.00029974466,0.00021515886,0.0012308245],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844515,0.0000150728665,0.00028470764,0.0003399548,0.00038796547,0.0005271626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992597,0.00009831273,0.0000626512,0.00043722824,0.00002590176,0.00011618987],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014631022,0.0002984856,0.0002588782,0.0000957593,0.00020197294,0.000029684505,0.00019780162,0.00009561814,0.0006381395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009291792,0.00032086964,0.00005537539,0.0003736769,0.00010819457,0.00005759165,0.000077061384,0.0005045663,0.00008992124],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004681792,0.0001498168,0.00025363348,0.00015373867,0.0002519777,0.00026577458,0.0020202345,0.88509333,0.08478242,0.009072663,0.008441873,0.009046358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010868436,0.0006240221,0.0063545625,0.00007672326,0.00037937195,0.0007899784,0.004517431,0.69024813,0.008679601,0.0017771922,0.27145144,0.004233086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000495116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006740816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26300958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024906144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002550719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992436},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4212803703","doi":"10.1364/ao.445798","title":"Potential of edge machine learning for instrumentation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Instrumentation (computer programming); Software; Detector; Data processing; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Data acquisition; Edge detection; Data compression","score_opus":0.00781635538944041,"score_gpt":0.22233783003498878,"score_spread":0.21452147464554835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4212803703","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9699814,0.000007569821,0.02581142,0.00008516321,0.00017128453,0.0002251426,0.000029389139,0.000063877866,0.003624769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99758923,7.796642e-7,0.0020558413,0.000011555513,0.00003429496,0.00007091688,0.000023934734,0.0000068522895,0.00020657878],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996612,0.0000057338566,0.00011239548,0.000077038654,0.00007600593,0.000067589135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980587,0.0000141202945,0.00009144976,0.000063582724,0.000014540642,0.000010413156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005773104,0.000042682583,0.00006587517,0.000048999143,0.00016489255,0.000008560431,0.000063400264,0.000010932678,0.00019252764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000020041302,0.00004699372,0.000036301542,0.00009406054,0.000015836125,0.000016928003,0.000038543545,0.00008894885,0.0000021886274],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001024848,0.0001549727,0.012468655,0.000021063257,0.00012456696,1.624741e-7,0.00046325303,0.36172906,0.03393963,0.37686622,0.0005906223,0.21353933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005829032,0.00070655334,0.004608992,0.0000035648645,0.00014286675,0.000002674553,0.018853642,0.6607181,0.1844353,0.040600527,0.08335721,0.0007415684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000055696955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.5163421e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33626568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000117256095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010072691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21080427},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213185452","doi":"10.1364/ao.450317","title":"Damage thresholds of silicon-based cameras for in-band and out-of-band laser expositions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Defence Research and Development Canada","keywords":"Laser; Wavelength; Continuous wave; Laser beams; Pixel; Range (aeronautics); Intensity (physics)","score_opus":0.027911086204658805,"score_gpt":0.30916154542324054,"score_spread":0.2812504592185817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4213185452","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994486,0.000073759344,0.00041166373,0.0003401302,0.00003305495,0.0005420825,0.000059474733,0.0000064452533,0.004047419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99870515,0.000009354801,0.000885408,0.00013615876,0.000015710006,0.00009736848,0.00003310957,0.000010012225,0.00010772513],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992009,0.000013512047,0.00018221785,0.00015932426,0.00026645002,0.0001776432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945694,0.00016121776,0.000042650463,0.00021272012,0.0000500318,0.0000764471],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033678432,0.000068024485,0.00019945498,0.00012885054,0.00007961324,0.000007306544,0.00008459983,0.000031826094,0.000056518307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027429855,0.000063397514,0.000041154693,0.00021955003,0.00015937183,0.000018595609,0.000032489086,0.00013240713,6.114843e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001314649,0.0016451416,0.078757994,0.00093850057,0.000105381936,0.000049073067,0.0027156202,0.0049662595,0.89491194,0.009986615,0.0010132575,0.0035955885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008329562,0.0015777743,0.016576797,0.000059090653,0.00013654695,0.000006015088,0.0026545012,0.011254418,0.9565618,0.0013009119,0.0012731899,0.0002693989],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020710697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024946687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062181197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002437542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001511687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25852758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213438797","doi":"10.1364/ao.454380","title":"Modified astigmatic beam technique for laser writing","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Laser; Waveguide; Beam (structure); Gaussian beam; Lens (geology); Fabrication; Cylindrical lens; Gaussian; Cross section (physics)","score_opus":0.013584554208122828,"score_gpt":0.221863453806446,"score_spread":0.20827889959832319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4213438797","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48003435,0.0001864061,0.45080054,0.0002528936,0.0011352696,0.0043428284,0.00042165423,0.0021834704,0.060642593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89805984,0.0000072596977,0.09967214,0.00006452323,0.00014022231,0.0019243645,0.000027282907,0.00006431323,0.00004003515],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991849,0.000005388637,0.00023959017,0.0001340421,0.00013001534,0.0003060597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995939,0.0001474821,0.000024126794,0.00017153892,0.000019637424,0.000043307904],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022374756,0.00013581653,0.00019692873,0.00004434017,0.00018803633,0.000026453949,0.0001427769,0.000037476275,0.000036101355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000276121,0.00015160166,0.000037335973,0.000105170344,0.000026058076,0.000020189034,0.00013933414,0.00013985795,0.00001437848],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003876752,0.00009592327,0.000006860994,0.0006512139,0.00011906975,0.0000056375306,0.00022953837,0.47416714,0.45849755,0.06364621,0.0016322116,0.0009098895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021499589,0.00025961772,0.00006963179,0.000050600316,0.00020325166,0.000029303948,0.0015519697,0.19216004,0.7569008,0.035295814,0.0097192265,0.001609787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.542912e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.8742607e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41802552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000069230206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008868528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61821365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225279502","doi":"10.1364/ao.453052","title":"Evaluation of a Gaussian dispersion transformation technique for tomographic mapping of the concentration field of atmospheric chemicals using multi-path optical remote sensing","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Calgary","keywords":"Gaussian; Plume; Sensitivity (control systems); Algorithm; Smoothness; Regularization (linguistics); Dispersion (optics); Transformation (genetics); Optics; Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Meteorology; Chemistry; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.016499318292714935,"score_gpt":0.24514194829737393,"score_spread":0.228642630004659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225279502","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53451365,0.0000073098026,0.46449184,0.000021880436,0.000021403526,0.0006368432,0.0000024622598,0.0000035317817,0.0003010538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7270471,0.0000071655195,0.27290162,0.000019260762,0.0000034803452,0.000006885745,0.000004713704,0.000007871565,0.0000019276795],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987928,0.000044083015,0.00035546985,0.00014112708,0.0005383412,0.0001281268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994855,0.000043796634,0.00025831434,0.00017442321,0.000014011477,0.000023973313],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00064474565,0.00009219694,0.0001482922,0.000002894927,0.00011414732,0.0000026634505,0.00012237568,0.00006269099,0.000040953262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022396736,0.00008182307,0.00008339595,0.000277492,0.00015477836,0.000049407856,0.00009291145,0.00009669233,1.06962794e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030070421,0.000056020082,0.0005233576,0.00003139791,0.000012185461,4.288375e-8,0.0006951322,0.2592232,0.7199827,0.00017970976,9.051304e-7,0.01926532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043730246,0.000053213567,0.0011091477,0.000020939806,0.00010041851,0.000002809156,0.0009987066,0.8650219,0.13170399,0.0004610984,0.00000895241,0.00008151773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000057003843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023305804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6057987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021202865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018604238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3336648},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4232504229","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.001879","title":"Microphysical particle parameters from extinction and backscatter lidar data by inversion with regularization: experiment","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Aerosol; Effective radius; Single-scattering albedo; Mie scattering; Refractive index; Wavelength; Optics; Molar absorptivity; Scattering; Environmental science; Materials science; Light scattering; Physics; Meteorology; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.008328819556510478,"score_gpt":0.1917000928439585,"score_spread":0.183371273287448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4232504229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994077,0.00001828271,0.0032632293,0.00019814109,0.000013088807,0.000118489545,0.000008533948,0.000021266673,0.002281959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97366047,0.000029680767,0.025287768,0.00048673403,0.000022781613,0.0000066085286,0.00008567019,0.000012796897,0.0004074924],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992623,0.000009616905,0.00009423958,0.00033358278,0.0001592187,0.00014104224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995078,0.000013875223,0.000028998733,0.00036976833,0.0000015538992,0.00007800406],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002803248,0.000099584984,0.000081694,2.8298837e-7,0.000094936775,0.00003882181,0.00013909311,0.00004130763,0.0014679405],"category_scores_gemma":[6.833838e-7,0.000082473256,0.000007181577,0.0000722004,0.00017015493,0.00011086614,0.00012903402,0.00005435005,0.00024893152],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050748175,0.0007171712,0.029876525,0.000008178293,0.00008641695,0.000010545014,0.0021501123,0.0028771851,0.8155249,0.00023957409,0.01933373,0.12866822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005487271,0.00080695807,0.045711916,0.000038420505,0.0003321319,0.000011918357,0.0027367054,0.112310074,0.747568,0.0014448671,0.08152376,0.002027964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006317075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002994308,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12664026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029317012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000026448747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99944484},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233716150","doi":"10.1364/ao.39.006150","title":"Frequency-derived distributed optical-fiber sensing technique: theory and characterization—errata","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Computer science; Characterization (materials science); Optical fiber; Fiber; Citation impact; Optics; Physics; Optoelectronics; Telecommunications; World Wide Web; Materials science","score_opus":0.006321864012888588,"score_gpt":0.20130552541357682,"score_spread":0.19498366140068824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233716150","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6404149,0.000095733136,0.3250514,0.00006102509,0.00010970936,0.00077191286,0.0001229312,0.0013265626,0.0320458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8057622,0.0002661054,0.19275707,0.0001282215,0.0001399959,0.00004428172,0.00039909047,0.0001604432,0.00034264254],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888635,0.000017226937,0.00029630997,0.0002822855,0.00014424812,0.0003735721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992678,0.00013436105,0.000030750114,0.00040100183,0.000034166584,0.00013188625],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013850463,0.0002723709,0.0002493432,0.000053675027,0.000096797005,0.0000576965,0.00011543516,0.00018905597,0.00028676452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023694834,0.0002906073,0.000028690763,0.00022732322,0.00014501922,0.00011759189,0.00003101408,0.00027131292,0.00014533133],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040339793,0.000030241006,0.000009892858,0.00006650087,0.00009570777,0.000030370951,0.0003398302,0.008798529,0.83420056,0.042568177,0.00005489649,0.11376497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003070166,0.00012238565,0.0059479508,0.00029372523,0.00046736706,0.0005539343,0.00061151764,0.055394053,0.87223184,0.04064065,0.016129065,0.004537323],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":4.9641056e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.3361277e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16534723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005634978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000110132605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234543615","doi":"10.1364/ao.40.003965","title":"Photon correlation and scattering: introduction to the feature issue","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Scattering; Light scattering; Photon; Physics; Focus (optics); Feature (linguistics)","score_opus":0.00562006660566735,"score_gpt":0.23051369037325187,"score_spread":0.2248936237675845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4234543615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8310321,0.00013144451,0.01152162,0.045731917,0.00027596366,0.0005029558,0.000013892103,0.00025738083,0.11053272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900575,0.00007410164,0.0021449984,0.0005904363,0.0017400951,0.0001228625,0.00005731956,0.000019362944,0.00519329],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994931,0.0000021390638,0.00008279025,0.00020505383,0.00008749088,0.0001294026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995606,0.000024067602,0.000032720018,0.00031411572,0.000018768278,0.000049720282],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005292048,0.00008901701,0.000066210545,0.000018223762,0.0001646105,0.00004723999,0.00009602112,0.00007327161,0.00031531986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000857481,0.00007328117,0.000012889366,0.00014412927,0.00003165588,0.000026636351,0.000036734265,0.00016281831,0.00016157754],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121443816,0.00009490701,0.0008611437,0.00004080412,0.000041154737,0.0000014306913,0.0013404503,0.0027212182,0.86142385,0.032111045,0.08769373,0.013548839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020208517,0.0000113473625,0.00070332794,0.000004893189,0.00004019836,0.000026633335,0.00047618264,0.0029940163,0.1169603,0.0006930902,0.8777277,0.00016026034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065364916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010231107,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79003394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029689672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000065846643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34525314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4245896109","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.003404","title":"All-optical NAND/NOT/AND/OR logic gates based on combined Brillouin gain and loss in an optical fiber","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Brillouin scattering; Optical fiber; Materials science; Physics; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.015587975746697518,"score_gpt":0.23689325680967674,"score_spread":0.22130528106297923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4245896109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98967665,0.000025914676,0.0022782234,0.0005035597,0.000075549004,0.00065253297,0.000004757518,0.00028629426,0.0064965053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9299009,0.000040973307,0.06903655,0.00068885577,0.00005346896,0.00008249569,0.000017337929,0.00008722413,0.00009223264],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99835247,0.000018066745,0.0003794004,0.0004298271,0.00023368179,0.0005865653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865264,0.0005873449,0.00002968248,0.00038766657,0.000033403205,0.00030924936],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014338782,0.00036620395,0.0004139769,0.0001226341,0.000045179404,0.00009106698,0.0001450701,0.00026746304,0.00009908451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007342608,0.000323602,0.00002959168,0.0001649008,0.00022467683,0.00012090438,0.000059632275,0.00039995048,0.00013857216],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015160171,0.0010285238,0.0030814018,0.0006156297,0.00020680072,0.0004926851,0.0013742545,0.6958494,0.0500666,0.20975131,0.00071248895,0.03530489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052524502,0.00069147896,0.012805394,0.00009103707,0.00007159912,0.00004249507,0.00032497256,0.9583215,0.015158268,0.0053414376,0.0005361538,0.0013632112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000049381915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007292915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2624721,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068974456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013563046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247508537","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.002699","title":"Diffuse light propagation in biological media by a time-domain parabolic simplified spherical harmonics approximation with ray-divergence effects: erratum","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Normalization (sociology); Harmonics; Optics; Spherical harmonics; Divergence (linguistics); Physics; Exponent; Fourier transform; Function (biology); Frequency domain; Computational physics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.011609781174912605,"score_gpt":0.24268775977244242,"score_spread":0.23107797859752982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4247508537","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14325044,0.0073852716,0.36487126,0.0045801736,0.009761191,0.029444115,0.00033413383,0.007278315,0.4330951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.24186845,0.0083945505,0.68791604,0.0039391257,0.0037110073,0.0051880814,0.0135184955,0.0011720429,0.034292184],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99677205,0.000107309235,0.00072491384,0.00097217754,0.00063565606,0.00078788714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99829984,0.00016558405,0.00034636815,0.0007195028,0.00013702364,0.00033169144],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035564668,0.00074783736,0.0012852632,0.00017814258,0.00009495167,0.0000760779,0.00035533088,0.0012260134,0.000050743874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022446785,0.0005467643,0.00011864624,0.0006079629,0.0003736246,0.000081235994,0.0001313709,0.0021608723,0.00012070665],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001972641,0.0041668057,0.00050575926,0.0014025655,0.00031407215,0.0003168036,0.0013775963,0.0000040118857,0.14240576,0.009346925,0.8358213,0.0023657605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.054272402,0.027662387,0.012114444,0.01394017,0.0068850336,0.0007650594,0.0017363022,0.049130414,0.38752422,0.10418143,0.32033008,0.021458078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014029295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032761645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51549125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027076222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002538153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250713981","doi":"10.1364/ao.57.0aita1","title":"Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications: introduction","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Infrared; Computer science; Telecommunications; Library science; Engineering physics; Physics","score_opus":0.0026590511294476626,"score_gpt":0.1863450257322012,"score_spread":0.18368597460275354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4250713981","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.52317095,0.0012321267,0.29372388,0.0016657938,0.0009051025,0.002061562,0.000013443262,0.006413491,0.17081363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97768825,0.000068905625,0.021293446,0.000026646718,0.0005134701,0.0002337848,0.0000048263064,0.00002375499,0.00014692172],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994875,0.0000013053757,0.00014086414,0.00015986874,0.000043360502,0.0001670633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964184,0.000010256778,0.00001680135,0.0002653575,0.00003298455,0.00003276168],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035991307,0.00009112058,0.00011614931,0.00013859461,0.00005566048,0.000012246665,0.00008886158,0.00016847134,0.000015150362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008643012,0.000092725095,0.0000075926223,0.00039778883,0.00017908117,0.000032279648,0.000038564798,0.00012275006,0.00011043196],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000045225047,0.000013482001,0.000039213515,0.000038055427,0.000021368398,3.5986022e-7,0.000025005837,0.0001721959,0.03165779,0.83908206,0.0006763746,0.12826958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005878413,0.00012676186,0.00014887041,0.00000846297,0.000026647742,0.000029722469,0.0003691956,0.0063866354,0.058651686,0.07675995,0.85651284,0.0003913836],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.1972201e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012513706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85583645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019163808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002991318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37812197},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253988071","doi":"10.1364/ao.45.002409","title":"Chirped holographic grating used as the dispersive element in an optical spectrometer—erratum","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Holography; Citation; Optics; Grating; Spectrometer; Diffraction grating; Physics; Optoelectronics; Computer science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.014097308487405447,"score_gpt":0.2635203168064756,"score_spread":0.24942300831907013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4253988071","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38263592,0.002260057,0.0093949335,0.001136563,0.012819639,0.0074121766,0.0002776024,0.005076035,0.57898706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9573888,0.0018572314,0.027347025,0.00015541758,0.0018089479,0.00094797224,0.001633677,0.00075215177,0.008108775],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965284,0.000038911505,0.00064363825,0.00071093655,0.0007882835,0.0012898464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981549,0.00019034905,0.000114053604,0.0013608403,0.00005968398,0.0001202178],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024680787,0.00069072214,0.0006982101,0.0006316133,0.00016713244,0.00017823657,0.0013296852,0.0010065825,0.000021283871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010773151,0.0005808425,0.00014796553,0.0011254677,0.00042156177,0.00009495631,0.00029446106,0.0043398025,0.000041378567],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023552535,0.0013611416,0.0004783637,0.0015871268,0.0013526219,0.0022496504,0.002928157,0.17893371,0.13669744,0.19739838,0.4519148,0.024863113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011404752,0.004615631,0.007166436,0.0012824538,0.0011209584,0.00029159852,0.0247365,0.51277155,0.042456318,0.1596374,0.21663132,0.017885076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001566897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041748805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57475287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037847014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061889696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280514594","doi":"10.1364/ao.455528","title":"Viscosity of fluoride glass fibers for fused component fabrication","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Materials science; Optical fiber; Fabrication; Optics; Multi-mode optical fiber; All-silica fiber; Glass fiber; Viscosity; Fiber; Photonic-crystal fiber; Composite material; Plastic optical fiber","score_opus":0.011562720685108926,"score_gpt":0.21418429680527148,"score_spread":0.20262157612016257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4280514594","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.703665,0.00006146892,0.2894481,0.00006214354,0.0005878647,0.00093870045,0.000108201566,0.00034050373,0.0047880122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9220805,0.000009058407,0.077529185,0.000030267094,0.000044647386,0.00015279248,0.000066548,0.00004220561,0.00004476538],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992633,0.00000539083,0.00022799108,0.00014126513,0.00017506132,0.00018698283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994702,0.00013342444,0.000058945458,0.00026253704,0.000033087526,0.000041824067],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000089804045,0.000111967645,0.0001721541,0.000055217453,0.00008323269,0.0000049678815,0.0001544147,0.00003210747,0.000017131799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010974146,0.00013934982,0.000047567606,0.0001571623,0.00002702229,0.000025170879,0.000054142067,0.00012217878,0.00000575299],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043328786,0.000047295183,0.000024850433,0.00007190968,0.00005384212,6.015859e-7,0.00042829177,0.87005377,0.11041728,0.015910598,0.000775859,0.0021723874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025087823,0.00015860157,0.001131713,0.000009792481,0.00013684356,0.000006723981,0.0014147674,0.72670776,0.23493394,0.0040767146,0.02815893,0.0007554351],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000018745034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.7410534e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21841553,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014330095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009762556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5682521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281645170","doi":"10.1364/ao.461446","title":"Biomimetic macroscopic hierarchical moire gratings","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Defence Research and Development Canada","keywords":"Moiré pattern; Optics; Materials science; Profilometer; Grating; Interferometry; Microscopy; Azobenzene; Diffraction grating; Scanning electron microscope; Optoelectronics; Surface finish; Polymer; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.015104159232090084,"score_gpt":0.2807562895549284,"score_spread":0.2656521303228383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281645170","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98812973,0.000043749966,0.0018996298,0.00030110442,0.0002750184,0.00042001592,0.00006077642,0.000119621836,0.008750323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9787827,0.000005957701,0.019071065,0.00038818645,0.00005775782,0.0002884338,0.000023641129,0.000028791821,0.0013534791],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99800617,0.00005684236,0.00024222267,0.00036230218,0.00079031556,0.0005421309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992686,0.00010090235,0.00006879971,0.00037639157,0.000028916471,0.00015642474],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004226446,0.00013406474,0.00015993614,0.000070702845,0.0005122601,0.00009172824,0.00054116733,0.000025789208,0.0016114296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006667104,0.00013289746,0.00003194022,0.00029176907,0.0001735044,0.000070031674,0.0009270752,0.00026737968,0.00028939394],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005895087,0.000095882526,0.000036154062,0.00001884688,0.000004649595,0.000017741326,0.00016709135,0.00041493244,0.96467984,0.032858547,0.00037453906,0.0012728429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024859859,0.00094126974,0.00023948509,0.000014024771,0.000029957746,0.00003342433,0.0011036807,0.0031899863,0.89971864,0.048076537,0.043349218,0.0008177781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009114301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014660834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06496117,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015596596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000101387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99930125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281695564","doi":"10.1364/ao.461154","title":"Calibration and comparison of detection efficiency for free-space single-photon avalanche diodes at 850  nm","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Calibration; Diode; Photon counting; Photon; Materials science; Avalanche diode; Optoelectronics; Physics; Space (punctuation); Voltage; Computer science","score_opus":0.01777580637564601,"score_gpt":0.24890776297259465,"score_spread":0.23113195659694863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281695564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6640672,0.000032484302,0.3342858,0.000075788936,0.00005631844,0.00031819072,0.000031065672,0.00007610637,0.0010570298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9653876,8.2908025e-7,0.034439016,0.000007121178,0.000027597274,0.000056251123,0.000024904964,0.000015859188,0.00004081493],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931353,0.0000091353695,0.00018444529,0.00020057165,0.00012599715,0.0001663122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943715,0.00014674621,0.00013867597,0.00022843185,0.000024432378,0.000024586483],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000066214234,0.00010535431,0.0001814992,0.00003732916,0.00025846914,0.000015483984,0.000110423876,0.00003628495,0.000009690131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017754664,0.000108901615,0.000033237207,0.00012958416,0.000104788654,0.00003194647,0.00023989519,0.00012598472,4.6925825e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020471834,0.00045962795,0.0032959778,0.00004693124,0.000050305687,1.9262828e-7,0.0007258185,0.025065789,0.68778604,0.24382727,0.0001901544,0.038347185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064992864,0.00029196843,0.00008082066,0.0000048517836,0.000040916384,5.20037e-7,0.0016264969,0.11460912,0.84898895,0.03239459,0.0011169031,0.00019490568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009349568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005017749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30132037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005265847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007696514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4440879},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281702484","doi":"10.1364/ao.458461","title":"3D-printed actuator-based beam-steering approach for improved physical layer security in visible light communication","year":2022,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu","keywords":"Actuator; Beam steering; Optics; Lens (geology); Computer science; Scanner; Beam (structure); Frame (networking); Materials science; Acoustics; Physics; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.01583836316508897,"score_gpt":0.24332131110752042,"score_spread":0.22748294794243146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281702484","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8012165,0.0023404644,0.15009306,0.003952051,0.00046989214,0.009333172,0.00049064885,0.00423586,0.027868377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86756337,0.00014183509,0.12962851,0.00008245293,0.000039347615,0.0020743264,0.00030379067,0.00014565751,0.00002071309],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975488,0.00008287675,0.00073694513,0.00056191854,0.00032736085,0.0007421027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99640495,0.00066422985,0.00021530277,0.0025064133,0.0000982241,0.00011088889],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000614837,0.0005015334,0.00069355033,0.00031733507,0.00044045475,0.00012959982,0.0020014541,0.00031876832,0.000024242385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013414903,0.0006231103,0.0001730216,0.0009791575,0.00015984676,0.00012582845,0.0015559366,0.0018878917,0.000015908812],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004077276,0.004139783,0.0000486141,0.0012308419,0.00038310912,0.0000022778847,0.0051114415,0.5248491,0.17151782,0.27532163,0.00031459527,0.016673053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018020682,0.00012520651,0.00004419414,0.000034020413,0.00006123883,0.0000010564542,0.0022219429,0.92882746,0.06033653,0.0026629984,0.003217499,0.0006657496],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020651352,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008251479,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40397838,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007505358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009770049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99962205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281921892","doi":"10.1364/ao.458566","title":"Polarimetric multiple scattering LiDAR model based on Poisson distribution","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Scattering; Optics; Remote sensing; Polarimetry; Poisson distribution; Physics; Monte Carlo method; Mie scattering; Aerosol; SIGNAL (programming language); Range (aeronautics); Forward scatter; Backscatter (email); Photon counting; Atmospheric optics; Field of view; Light scattering; Photon; Materials science; Meteorology; Geology; Computer science; Statistics","score_opus":0.008239178666373,"score_gpt":0.1964063364274909,"score_spread":0.1881671577611179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281921892","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8718462,0.000006097132,0.11387121,0.00019689575,0.000077497934,0.00023395366,0.00006769397,0.00007921467,0.013621256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98868924,0.0000011844622,0.010303502,0.0006132947,0.00001985173,0.00004781929,0.000090223635,0.000020351094,0.00021454366],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989161,0.0000130890885,0.00013561855,0.0002736026,0.00039792716,0.00026368917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995444,0.00004782195,0.000060977854,0.00026627272,0.000002374848,0.00007816758],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014438857,0.00012425364,0.00010063434,0.000002294968,0.0003864488,0.000022062004,0.00022176225,0.00003723639,0.0006075299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015737545,0.00013002471,0.000042527092,0.00039438967,0.000052146457,0.000030238847,0.00026965045,0.00019987383,0.0001430154],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054441367,0.00018343027,0.010015198,0.000002399156,0.0000033221277,0.0000024921571,0.0000532443,0.97567666,0.008695709,0.00089358503,0.0007388985,0.0036806273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044929326,0.00011797491,0.01547898,0.0000015310319,0.000012984322,0.0000010548688,0.00009415664,0.9795175,0.0016596912,0.0002523828,0.0021814138,0.00023301863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009107598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036261251,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11684305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000353758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6652027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281990166","doi":"10.1364/ao.456127","title":"Freeform wide-angle camera lens enabling mitigable distortion","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; ImmerVision (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Distortion (music); Optics; Optical transfer function; Lens (geology); Field of view; Computer science; RADIUS; Physics","score_opus":0.010764171131155712,"score_gpt":0.18900769660149774,"score_spread":0.17824352547034203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281990166","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24047668,0.000988074,0.5432697,0.00016838261,0.0018954852,0.0014270706,0.00008809635,0.0023586776,0.20932786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885374,0.000023695213,0.010471138,0.00010984855,0.00011396714,0.00023233598,0.000040348816,0.00007944205,0.000391848],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987665,0.000010235248,0.00029491947,0.00021347054,0.00030623717,0.0004086547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994315,0.00009389533,0.000043211625,0.00032257513,0.000020676007,0.00008815811],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015398161,0.00017704727,0.00021107333,0.00006528972,0.0002389293,0.000028926162,0.00019498644,0.000055164786,0.00015353727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018879671,0.00019935548,0.00005324719,0.00027932145,0.000029348123,0.00011363462,0.000089308574,0.0003134421,0.000109060675],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016447155,0.000057423942,0.00019549362,0.000095915566,0.000060901148,0.000023662067,0.0003688405,0.9321662,0.018577777,0.042738724,0.002373379,0.0033251925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004160254,0.00053112395,0.0008225585,0.00008189164,0.00033665303,0.00013049693,0.0064236033,0.36628005,0.07999341,0.02495327,0.5118951,0.004391587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000072812923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004261359,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7480607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043840962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001618109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81294805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283325505","doi":"10.1364/ao.464425","title":"Effective all-fiber pump recycler for kilowatt fiber lasers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Fiber laser; Optics; Laser; Double-clad fiber; Optoelectronics; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.008967258665913393,"score_gpt":0.20741666685408583,"score_spread":0.19844940818817244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283325505","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7925959,0.00026848266,0.004541568,0.0002768152,0.0017158817,0.0045093684,0.0006499999,0.001521397,0.19392058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98100966,0.000027307786,0.010913313,0.00040243063,0.00023976226,0.0023204566,0.00022874749,0.00020647538,0.004651845],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988695,0.000009899501,0.00021928854,0.00025476227,0.00020881018,0.00043775345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934953,0.00017870021,0.000034108212,0.000307761,0.000023835431,0.00010607473],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017492763,0.00022616435,0.00023328706,0.00006327923,0.00015819258,0.00003243395,0.00021628977,0.00008040133,0.0005186027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007885134,0.00024869485,0.00010596025,0.00017494129,0.00003640747,0.000045096247,0.00013894029,0.00032707083,0.00016572195],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004652622,0.00045648965,0.000020565923,0.00059684983,0.0013206458,0.000042931966,0.0037481114,0.80112046,0.063735306,0.018378716,0.05787483,0.052239828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017571863,0.00017731216,0.000052620566,0.000007590044,0.00015853561,0.000018312983,0.0003725123,0.05024808,0.012021746,0.0029909115,0.93142307,0.00077214226],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000017466332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016295143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8735482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019076536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016224289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283574777","doi":"10.1364/ao.456254","title":"Terahertz antireflection coatings employing off-the-shelf adhesive tapes","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Research Manitoba","keywords":"Terahertz radiation; Materials science; Optics; Fresnel equations; Reflection (computer programming); Stacking; Spectrometer; Adhesive; Anti-reflective coating; Optoelectronics; Optical coating; Layer (electronics); Refractive index; Coating; Composite material; Computer science","score_opus":0.008690101729494686,"score_gpt":0.20844146706660738,"score_spread":0.19975136533711269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283574777","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93954927,0.0004800777,0.024890369,0.0012459393,0.0005193315,0.0009179412,0.000034265733,0.0030352355,0.029327584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962345,0.00003702164,0.0026308985,0.00026519224,0.000062821906,0.00054950424,0.00002004334,0.000040094605,0.00015992022],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993145,0.000009210798,0.00017437337,0.00016130932,0.00012217532,0.00021843934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956125,0.000076648124,0.00004012911,0.00028282357,0.000014500588,0.000024673769],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000092256545,0.00012629345,0.000108706976,0.00006142608,0.00058255304,0.000026506306,0.00026820195,0.00006428231,0.000060422502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000648697,0.00012362513,0.00003638025,0.0003328037,0.000054559277,0.000035059857,0.00010060786,0.00041193722,0.00004943926],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002326511,0.0001436089,0.00065395364,0.00005083293,0.00015702358,0.000009276147,0.0029323287,0.030974703,0.40162426,0.13406934,0.011989917,0.4173715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076960464,0.00011590368,0.0012821568,0.000008612607,0.00011397645,0.00007861822,0.0029728904,0.040186096,0.13652766,0.014794901,0.80229753,0.0008520537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037515163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037165078,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79030764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006647183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009789664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50412863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283834071","doi":"10.1364/ao.462827","title":"Underwater wireless optical communication utilizing low-complexity sparse pruned-term-based nonlinear decision-feedback equalization","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nonlinear system; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Volterra series; Equalization (audio); Control theory (sociology); Wireless; Term (time); Algorithm; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Decoding methods","score_opus":0.03553269693070876,"score_gpt":0.25782365120617146,"score_spread":0.2222909542754627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283834071","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7952295,0.00028285955,0.18811852,0.00064479257,0.00023292605,0.00091686955,0.00006286023,0.00278883,0.01172283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85248864,0.00015273594,0.14655139,0.00013983104,0.00002001037,0.00020972312,0.0003344265,0.00009111638,0.000012108642],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99793273,0.000071580005,0.000665583,0.0003335555,0.0005339399,0.0004625926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973529,0.00054891856,0.00010885859,0.001789543,0.000091522925,0.00010825942],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041394294,0.00031588986,0.00035922028,0.00020574992,0.00052491546,0.00012433999,0.0013477707,0.00019238981,0.0001627428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056448098,0.0003566902,0.00008726695,0.0006304522,0.000345517,0.00012684977,0.0008870723,0.0008310846,0.00011880336],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013789687,0.00070440915,0.00023003509,0.0002149387,0.00009521774,0.00000815781,0.00042067622,0.45821953,0.019864334,0.47165585,0.0003679739,0.048081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012444766,0.000058006735,0.000535856,0.00005531078,0.00004340935,0.000005566041,0.0011205543,0.950862,0.031963408,0.011799651,0.0015853764,0.0007264132],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003600688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000114162685,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49264246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033717952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049072314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285010225","doi":"10.1364/ao.461052","title":"Wind imaging using simultaneous fringe sampling with field-widened Michelson interferometers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Honeywell (Canada); LightMachinery (Canada); University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Canadian Space Agency; University of New Brunswick","keywords":"Astronomical interferometer; Airglow; Optics; Michelson interferometer; Interferometry; Remote sensing; Field of view; Sampling (signal processing); Aliasing; Lidar; Physics; Computer science; Computer vision; Geology; Detector","score_opus":0.00850013134417472,"score_gpt":0.22289433017671675,"score_spread":0.21439419883254204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285010225","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84746665,0.000025368829,0.14000581,0.000055275817,0.00016042714,0.00024211581,0.000016965352,0.000056122037,0.011971246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9612852,5.846396e-7,0.037991654,0.00025574467,0.00014562371,0.000016262906,0.00003835508,0.000048781883,0.0002178396],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989437,0.0000144739115,0.00020879324,0.0002974032,0.00018250907,0.00035310586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993585,0.00017471242,0.00011686381,0.00025083218,0.0000323097,0.00006682417],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000078702054,0.00020516296,0.00019832716,0.000032041055,0.00034086758,0.00007992594,0.0002285385,0.00002082369,0.000475916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023058396,0.00021455996,0.000056801695,0.00018488025,0.000028142102,0.00006390433,0.0002260204,0.0003258436,0.000008182116],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039943372,0.00033758927,0.011119186,0.00004559287,0.0003333255,0.000054699467,0.0022039672,0.826685,0.025706278,0.025120191,0.0001859944,0.107808754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0056955707,0.0009808085,0.00021176116,0.00009788557,0.0007066207,0.00007360399,0.034437932,0.90660024,0.015364103,0.011881811,0.020481452,0.0034681922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014882558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004424949,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1138185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006909705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053787575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8749501},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285083735","doi":"10.1364/ao.465897","title":"Microwave frequency measurement using a silicon integrated microring resonator","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Microwave; Resonator; SIGNAL (programming language); Optics; Optical Carrier transmission rates; Materials science; Photonics; Silicon photonics; Optoelectronics; Silicon; Physics; Telecommunications; Optical fiber; Computer science","score_opus":0.036684078836070055,"score_gpt":0.2297217126218518,"score_spread":0.19303763378578173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285083735","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85277265,0.005194714,0.09897821,0.000045304063,0.0012217958,0.0016555104,0.0000749764,0.0014105656,0.038646262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95715547,0.000019739242,0.04250609,0.000036916736,0.000028802408,0.00015251247,0.000014910255,0.000065816814,0.000019741841],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988454,0.000033417953,0.00034441135,0.00018394737,0.00032784478,0.00026497766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991617,0.000034704142,0.00006612595,0.0006084565,0.00006761552,0.00006136828],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034445457,0.00017296794,0.00018896222,0.00009168657,0.00020162489,0.000025815538,0.00037173295,0.000042244563,0.00006023619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011842058,0.0002110445,0.00004286435,0.00033986583,0.000024857845,0.000040064882,0.00017119119,0.00042036842,0.000016040205],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000052399687,0.000020539666,0.0000226772,0.000028042765,0.000044299904,0.0000027472013,0.0005881598,0.04391971,0.9501682,0.003440512,0.000086511216,0.001673387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021589973,0.00006537675,0.000079934216,0.000106629916,0.00010993898,0.00012539518,0.008506773,0.2439567,0.6272203,0.0031737378,0.11280106,0.0016952084],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025092355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016934331,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32294792,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010864924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000065556815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86061454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293762935","doi":"10.1364/ao.462496","title":"Laser-induced emission spectra of stainless steels and aluminum irradiated with nanopulse lasers without setting delay: potential applications to remote sensing and laser micromachining","year":2022,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Ministère de la Défense Nationale","keywords":"Laser; Materials science; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Irradiation; Impurity; Spectroscopy; Optics; Emission spectrum; Surface micromachining; Spectral line; Optoelectronics; Laser power scaling; Oxide; Fabrication; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007528457375967336,"score_gpt":0.22132468794534915,"score_spread":0.21379623056938182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4293762935","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886899,0.00006649664,0.007850771,0.00019729996,0.00016464447,0.0014675288,0.00032281966,0.00018387147,0.0010566846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.953414,0.00005296046,0.045753624,0.00013820779,0.00015395787,0.00002094099,0.00014932852,0.00018671778,0.00013025946],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99689764,0.000120323915,0.0007165573,0.00087993447,0.0005271153,0.0008584465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983185,0.00019456669,0.00031094978,0.00060053455,0.00008443538,0.0004910165],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005561,0.0006478474,0.0007265256,0.00031499233,0.0008868569,0.0001615009,0.00025485817,0.00024369663,0.00002686597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016058519,0.0007160418,0.00006596653,0.00075556006,0.00010171217,0.000119185665,0.00035378642,0.0010530193,0.000006033557],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004882894,0.00009580149,0.00016937919,0.00040986628,0.00035895375,0.00015255775,0.003184097,0.043858144,0.92064893,0.00021254078,0.000065069195,0.030356359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003962848,0.00076242065,0.0003753361,0.0003373771,0.0008216017,0.00047688154,0.008107783,0.36846945,0.61368364,0.0002730342,0.00095310033,0.0017765097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001844873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007386472,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3246113,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024330369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017934132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99952906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294327692","doi":"10.1364/ao.467481","title":"Robustness enhancement of dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry by compensating temperature dependency of the monolithic polarizing interferometer","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Ellipsometry; Interferometry; Materials science; Optics; Robustness (evolution); Polarization (electrochemistry); White light interferometry; Polarimetry; Optoelectronics; Physics; Thin film; Nanotechnology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.004675948519484207,"score_gpt":0.19461480863577515,"score_spread":0.18993886011629094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294327692","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9698981,0.00038294488,0.02640781,0.000042042135,0.00041252043,0.00025939243,0.00003349794,0.000057914902,0.0025058025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993856,0.00003019558,0.005818952,0.000052063082,0.000015703834,0.000016544125,0.000021517932,0.000038027323,0.00015098536],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987483,0.000030267553,0.00043749754,0.00017094325,0.00035891266,0.00025409114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993997,0.00006867047,0.00010707922,0.00034678073,0.00003205024,0.00004567552],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001750926,0.00016904286,0.0002687932,0.0001311117,0.00013070513,0.000019356297,0.00037259914,0.00008222478,0.00011959185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016719101,0.0001525137,0.00007067973,0.00074439944,0.000061000854,0.00004191026,0.00020793939,0.0005837774,0.0000036430579],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009580721,0.000112596856,0.00063826004,0.00024599693,0.00008320129,3.9526427e-7,0.00026817765,0.053556167,0.94096106,0.0036436014,0.00006246952,0.0004184866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008631382,0.00016791471,0.0012316058,0.000080848484,0.000103549675,0.0000057025027,0.0014483547,0.17744806,0.817476,0.0005362399,0.000110662615,0.00052793365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003160559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011916326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1238919,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012918221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021897851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62193286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296009089","doi":"10.1364/ao.472141","title":"Enhanced 2D finite element model and its application in laser cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Finite element method; Fibre-reinforced plastic; Carbon fiber reinforced polymer; Heat flux; Stress (linguistics); Thermal conduction; Thermal; Laser; Heat transfer; Optics; Composite number; Structural engineering; Mechanics","score_opus":0.007257425463711908,"score_gpt":0.2059940385304402,"score_spread":0.1987366130667283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296009089","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97392464,0.00002349697,0.022373248,0.0000061077876,0.000024734045,0.00031331312,0.000013391941,0.0002100378,0.0031110316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914432,0.000011407189,0.008212259,0.000013636526,0.000011245507,0.0002282591,0.000028258526,0.000027985123,0.000023715955],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935126,0.000005364435,0.00025363994,0.00012507361,0.00012338675,0.00014124645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997242,0.000060794635,0.000058356873,0.00011794919,0.000016425378,0.00002228744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010153459,0.00010574636,0.00014353139,0.00007260817,0.00003637725,0.000011603117,0.00009915295,0.000036354144,0.000006034848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000784084,0.00012418134,0.0000090179865,0.00012592658,0.000009880501,0.000031956402,0.00011121959,0.00011298036,0.0000011594298],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012889498,0.0000056800163,0.000003179724,0.000107466454,0.000004480115,2.0134632e-7,0.00018462265,0.6793566,0.31879336,0.0013398911,0.0000033016559,0.00018832546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015527752,0.000012546945,0.000006421853,0.000010347507,0.000007324833,2.1405936e-7,0.000020099134,0.63190883,0.36743343,0.0003517827,0.000011062362,0.00008265557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000046559217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013276581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.048640065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059605583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010157039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50639683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296711682","doi":"10.1364/ao.471243","title":"Deep learning enabled inverse design of nanocrystal-based optical diffusers for efficient white LED lighting","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Figure of merit; Optics; Diffuser (optics); Materials science; Luminous flux; Color rendering index; Luminous efficacy; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Light-emitting diode; Layer (electronics); Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.00972773955602522,"score_gpt":0.1861749792718114,"score_spread":0.17644723971578619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296711682","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.275681,0.000075077725,0.7209977,0.000055339646,0.00021437519,0.0008022628,0.000007741153,0.0011968301,0.0009696685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8413731,0.000004178383,0.15818483,0.000019648744,0.000013484922,0.00028623527,0.000011479771,0.000079010526,0.000028056833],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986137,0.000024160585,0.00036965372,0.00025891248,0.00028442254,0.0004491414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924463,0.0002686615,0.000080795384,0.000306304,0.0000391604,0.00006042315],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034734665,0.0002337775,0.00033150232,0.0002044197,0.0002234787,0.000021650974,0.00033567086,0.00011855142,0.000024492234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008630296,0.00026728387,0.00009735602,0.00036954196,0.00008826506,0.000021826098,0.000081896076,0.00043630262,0.0000037446978],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005844145,0.000054263335,0.000016582953,0.00012995998,0.000039823208,0.00000395698,0.0004543702,0.81465954,0.18146351,0.0025461472,0.000044653738,0.00052874634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012767513,0.00013156004,0.000014010816,0.000011095449,0.00007019395,0.0000016392202,0.0016713488,0.91415155,0.0816771,0.00009373377,0.0006085017,0.00029253087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.344024e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012141509,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56569207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021387114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003446802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297496748","doi":"10.1364/ao.470083","title":"Impact of a prestrained graded InGaN/GaN interlayer towards enhanced optical characteristics of a multi-quantum well LED based on silicon substrate","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Board; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Optoelectronics; Light-emitting diode; Indium gallium nitride; Indium; Silicon; Diode; Substrate (aquarium); Quantum efficiency; Polarization (electrochemistry); Quantum well; Layer (electronics); Gallium nitride; Optics; Laser; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.017758235671266692,"score_gpt":0.2686791897801375,"score_spread":0.25092095410887083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297496748","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963801,0.000002455877,0.0010458281,0.000014686126,0.00019096554,0.0005360701,0.00044498293,0.000031877775,0.0013530548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988122,8.3027675e-7,0.0006030753,0.000035150984,0.00008542773,0.00009690966,0.00028749637,0.000051129184,0.000027809101],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99820876,0.00006309508,0.0007039109,0.0003499947,0.00029569608,0.0003785185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987248,0.00009926259,0.00050005305,0.00045431114,0.000093259114,0.00012830156],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002432358,0.00032702016,0.000654467,0.00011736014,0.00008048047,0.00003516116,0.00033564016,0.000065952714,0.0007803581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011746519,0.00030286235,0.00025966068,0.0001926355,0.0000988669,0.000039484243,0.0000817539,0.00028781695,0.000007956709],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050921616,0.0010787147,0.0013732536,0.000081820406,0.00016071416,0.000002572068,0.00048386282,0.003226798,0.9871233,0.0051415013,0.000012531476,0.0008057047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035953063,0.0011440451,0.024627203,0.000048412152,0.00013968309,6.8718805e-7,0.0006505462,0.018150514,0.9506652,0.00045356096,0.000023416238,0.00050147076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013219942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013320891,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036458157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054408705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022534863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307277760","doi":"10.1364/ao.473596","title":"Experimental investigation of supercontinuum generation in a birefringence tellurite microstructured optical fiber","year":2022,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","keywords":"Supercontinuum; Optics; Materials science; Birefringence; Photonic-crystal fiber; Optical fiber; Microstructured optical fiber; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Optoelectronics; Fiber optic sensor; Physics","score_opus":0.013726075717429152,"score_gpt":0.20623545906435797,"score_spread":0.19250938334692883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307277760","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962685,0.00087851274,0.00016552287,0.000040159433,0.0004264783,0.0005368008,0.000102447084,0.00005255264,0.001529011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98831993,0.00003950608,0.010966904,0.000047875204,0.00013957515,0.00010744015,0.0001816967,0.00006876812,0.00012828897],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979863,0.00003318112,0.0007307983,0.00040636255,0.00039883718,0.00044453185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932754,0.000046212182,0.000101943195,0.0003693989,0.000032630967,0.00012226639],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024564876,0.0003222064,0.00039364622,0.00018351531,0.00013382922,0.000050858107,0.00028555244,0.00016790029,0.00033405234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009507068,0.00040417834,0.000084815154,0.0005006425,0.00016222562,0.00010256794,0.00032282897,0.0005747405,0.000018877381],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005637397,0.00008838682,0.00008175964,0.000085946675,0.000036161946,0.000013971376,0.0056111994,0.046867408,0.9420365,0.0044976245,0.00010373906,0.0005209452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012437798,0.00017291433,0.0006053176,0.000023406583,0.000053436586,0.000032191092,0.0021404282,0.11354562,0.8799981,0.00034428405,0.001250879,0.0005896464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018126735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012246603,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06667821,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036908072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000089136374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984103},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308883928","doi":"10.1364/ao.476308","title":"Practical approach for optimizing off-axis telecentric digital holographic microscope design","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Optics; Digital holographic microscopy; Holography; Interference (communication); Computer science; Microscopy; Stray light; Digital holography; Rotation (mathematics); Physics; Computer vision","score_opus":0.023294995261771916,"score_gpt":0.26195395143544337,"score_spread":0.23865895617367144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4308883928","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.025888078,0.00009415632,0.92149323,0.00005839249,0.00017052858,0.0013985856,0.000393264,0.00011400692,0.050389737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.75824857,0.0000050962904,0.24034403,0.00010830737,0.00009323216,0.0005687026,0.00041488386,0.000046820445,0.00017036225],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842495,0.000024816056,0.00029492937,0.0004883898,0.00017995691,0.0005869423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917954,0.00020036996,0.0001479009,0.00030898693,0.00004457321,0.0001186565],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022068877,0.0002596438,0.00027862153,0.00015337445,0.0004675182,0.000260295,0.00030119237,0.00005294778,0.000058180158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000717591,0.00027414024,0.00020852979,0.00059972174,0.00014396632,0.00019682411,0.00023062687,0.00034282138,0.000010794924],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019254168,0.009968351,0.004973491,0.00013682981,0.0014435203,0.000026974325,0.0009769156,0.022152988,0.024932792,0.74326825,0.047047883,0.14314656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.033069655,0.007980627,0.0006640193,0.000053479518,0.0022345332,0.00031109285,0.036052488,0.03323395,0.16624303,0.1594574,0.5487583,0.011941405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000016739643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4867139e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7323605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024738902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009234173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999711},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311141708","doi":"10.1364/ao.477250","title":"2022 Optical Interference Coatings Conference: Manufacturing Problem Contest [Invited]","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"CONTEST; Transmittance; Interference (communication); Filter (signal processing); Optics; Materials science; Optical filter; Optical coating; Interference filter; Deposition (geology); Optoelectronics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Coating; Physics; Engineering; Nanotechnology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.02031864429665907,"score_gpt":0.20873953686127455,"score_spread":0.18842089256461547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311141708","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8313692,0.00019145012,0.039772317,0.00038168556,0.0009451665,0.0010108032,0.00006137645,0.0009991121,0.12526885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872013,0.000024301458,0.0120670125,0.00020414023,0.000051815838,0.00026544865,0.000029364144,0.000060705435,0.00009591709],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998306,0.000018462733,0.00037067072,0.0003129795,0.00048033553,0.0005115685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933964,0.00011002885,0.000047317782,0.00029926279,0.000042597483,0.00016117096],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026731778,0.00026947728,0.0002941018,0.00006776037,0.00022978737,0.00009749569,0.00039037867,0.000073444324,0.0005086499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001784395,0.00028930797,0.0000535203,0.00016576854,0.00006785203,0.0000724055,0.0002843626,0.00068658683,0.00006698087],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027139808,0.0008119077,0.0012311612,0.00081180676,0.00048131842,0.00015077104,0.003626378,0.34360442,0.33438778,0.2082796,0.0073612677,0.098982185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0076957927,0.0010900566,0.0023787417,0.00027698046,0.0004186651,0.00014126411,0.012412482,0.1931146,0.68279094,0.020468008,0.073556274,0.005656215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004501787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000042815295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34840316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001663619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020820129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999559},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311705377","doi":"10.1364/ao.477573","title":"Accurate compensation and prediction of the temperature cross-sensitivity of tilted FBG cladding mode resonances","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades","keywords":"Refractive index; Cladding (metalworking); Materials science; Optics; Wavelength; Temperature measurement; Resonance (particle physics); Calibration; Fiber Bragg grating; Atmospheric temperature range; Physics; Optoelectronics; Atomic physics","score_opus":0.01196923380272094,"score_gpt":0.2311245458111078,"score_spread":0.21915531200838687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311705377","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971124,0.00005135349,0.0014044257,0.000013898424,0.00017510563,0.00020236464,0.00015292206,0.00006215294,0.00082539674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997277,0.000022777263,0.0025952908,0.000011221269,0.00002489415,0.000012587134,0.000016154227,0.000019644973,0.00002039304],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993546,0.000024033245,0.0002087798,0.00011794935,0.00018713751,0.00010750601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995444,0.00011736059,0.00008496492,0.00019722752,0.000038542195,0.000017499018],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014666856,0.000092784656,0.00014355958,0.000032784374,0.00011536489,0.000009540686,0.00006795347,0.00005103082,0.0000043230234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024249213,0.00008490348,0.00002344978,0.00021100773,0.000086930726,0.00005428901,0.00007236777,0.00022507185,2.445596e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021400863,0.000007742206,0.0006804925,0.00003653598,0.000016662827,4.491279e-7,0.00053925114,0.7638306,0.2315368,0.0030503923,0.000024900133,0.00025476754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005641757,0.000026556498,0.041859075,0.00002169483,0.000031759617,0.000013114795,0.0007106652,0.8204562,0.13536553,0.00057821505,0.00022284669,0.00015014765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000334409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029470698,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.096171275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042456548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009904511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34622633},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312189953","doi":"10.1364/ao.477214","title":"Optical filter wavefront distortion: out-of-band to in-band predictions and the effect of the illumination source bandwidth","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Iridian Spectral Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Wavefront; Bandwidth (computing); Optical filter; Wavelength; Materials science; Filter (signal processing); Distortion (music); Physics; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.010084313962254801,"score_gpt":0.22030986174455025,"score_spread":0.21022554778229546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312189953","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60014117,0.000074368545,0.3690555,0.002450048,0.00054411864,0.0016264883,0.0000073860815,0.000074240605,0.026026687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99822164,0.0000036200463,0.0014431257,0.00006961907,0.000020173555,0.00015553516,8.572446e-7,0.0000047847834,0.00008066614],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990409,0.00008111951,0.00024221552,0.00017188642,0.00033878366,0.0001250921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993009,0.0002265318,0.000072592884,0.00033299695,0.00003349286,0.000033506927],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067969656,0.00008957396,0.00016674027,0.000050232666,0.00012697741,0.000027848773,0.0004462975,0.000029237517,0.0000074951377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007535467,0.00005242996,0.000044492022,0.00020708547,0.00019511188,0.000050022045,0.0002494149,0.00017480405,8.3430825e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001608957,0.00071753975,0.019352695,0.0002413992,0.00019464726,0.0000027326987,0.026025742,0.0051990054,0.078426085,0.79380363,0.004133766,0.070293784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0060204887,0.004094304,0.032910816,0.00014467916,0.00022617273,0.000012797426,0.0006837549,0.04753891,0.8907787,0.012058661,0.0048009353,0.0007297351],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006053936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008399449,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81235266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004725076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014376954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21380317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313893265","doi":"10.1364/ao.477965","title":"Optical characterization of the impact of 100  keV protons on the optical properties of ZrO<sub>2</sub> films prepared by ALD on fused silica substrates","year":2023,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Nuclear materials and radiation effects","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre Casa","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale; Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Characterization (materials science); Refractive index; Optical materials; Thin film; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Physics","score_opus":0.018246593269775173,"score_gpt":0.2364332418942997,"score_spread":0.21818664862452453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313893265","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951265,0.000007008698,0.0000037128038,0.00042544957,0.0002883223,0.0030065337,0.00041261147,0.000060590046,0.0006692687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994394,0.00006391036,0.000042709482,0.000047873815,0.00007802521,0.00019316569,0.00004321416,0.00006306355,0.000028617253],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972297,0.00021409127,0.0009018062,0.00043786684,0.0007261661,0.00049037626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99781203,0.0003903444,0.00068409083,0.00082888425,0.00017238565,0.00011226245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085559016,0.00037554168,0.0006337607,0.00008989016,0.00019757429,0.000115421244,0.00057637953,0.00024117957,0.00010635336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031699016,0.00020529248,0.00021646415,0.00057685294,0.00078567077,0.00008815515,0.00018872114,0.00020031283,0.00012824457],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007427855,0.0005647025,0.00002734287,0.00032763096,0.00007647268,8.689993e-7,0.00074135297,0.0016794924,0.9856662,0.009761263,0.00030301555,0.00010883739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005168864,0.00080031616,0.011318368,0.00028473907,0.00007252111,0.0000014679031,0.00014594693,0.0034243937,0.9830916,0.00011611988,0.000009953353,0.0002177037],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015221965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.720648e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011291025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005478985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023161789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83715844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319593741","doi":"10.1364/ao.482319","title":"Full Stokes polarimetry using a monolithic off-axis polarizing interferometer and a 2D array sensor","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Polarimeter; Stokes parameters; Polarimetry; Optics; Interferometry; Polarization (electrochemistry); Physics; Waveplate; Scattering","score_opus":0.02000244561987055,"score_gpt":0.23224996417250823,"score_spread":0.21224751855263768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319593741","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.932226,0.0003252309,0.06124977,0.00006820689,0.0003526379,0.0002107779,0.00002526783,0.00083896396,0.0047031445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9590518,0.000109709705,0.04032481,0.00014801134,0.00013982266,0.000003055657,0.000019026484,0.00009159805,0.000112189686],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869955,0.000016174905,0.00031977546,0.00027182238,0.00020159951,0.00049110694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993366,0.00012206502,0.00003466123,0.00028004264,0.000032974654,0.00019363918],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019971655,0.0002574111,0.00028530293,0.0004492073,0.00012489207,0.0001431406,0.00013450916,0.00022937577,0.000020587404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005081051,0.00027140504,0.000055537683,0.0009399116,0.000077390934,0.00012630837,0.00008873915,0.00042985327,0.00025735504],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006026947,0.00006284171,0.0022853846,0.00043540614,0.00031360573,0.000020574096,0.0016930785,0.009676265,0.9702575,0.006426624,0.0001506245,0.008617808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031802212,0.00038490715,0.012471572,0.00029695025,0.0005587168,0.00015422753,0.0060898797,0.8334726,0.12576063,0.0035113476,0.010444027,0.00367489],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008104424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013203329,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8444969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006417381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014677341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319662409","doi":"10.1364/ao.487523","title":"Optical Interference Coatings 2022: introduction to the feature issue","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interference (communication); Feature (linguistics); Optical coating; Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications; Nanotechnology; Thin film","score_opus":0.01108699690709971,"score_gpt":0.25037514215577195,"score_spread":0.23928814524867223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319662409","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8857706,0.000018913956,0.004976864,0.08796384,0.0018779332,0.0008290956,0.000025061421,0.00064688735,0.017890763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9516865,0.000011977744,0.03564366,0.002441774,0.0033580277,0.00015110215,0.000032386746,0.000046885412,0.0066276765],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984715,0.000021359363,0.00024377613,0.00045598252,0.00035512162,0.00045227923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904996,0.00019487063,0.00007144892,0.0004406167,0.00010590661,0.00013722436],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007004325,0.00017844322,0.00018962665,0.00005578859,0.0002927925,0.00026369334,0.00045627676,0.000102718346,0.00027719233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004958804,0.00012253785,0.00003823805,0.0006991087,0.00011823758,0.00007311744,0.00036630157,0.00030946068,0.0065781027],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025979809,0.000018559127,0.000008400316,0.000016512748,0.000002740664,0.0000020563737,0.0008186226,0.00036395644,0.7871982,0.06981459,0.13851322,0.0032171633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004564066,0.00041779064,0.00073632307,0.000047380832,0.00006580069,0.00002141386,0.0035283826,0.0032043557,0.7493509,0.005240705,0.23612839,0.00080215366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006632523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011429614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09761516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031079606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025149056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9941954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320483890","doi":"10.1364/ao.487814","title":"Laser Applications to Chemical, Security, and Environmental Analysis: introduction to the feature issue","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Optics; Remote sensing; Computer science; Photoacoustic spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Environmental science; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.004290154800901348,"score_gpt":0.2357830764610381,"score_spread":0.23149292166013677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320483890","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91653055,0.00010767542,0.008105068,0.054379087,0.000082355386,0.0016171158,0.0006173226,0.00072210754,0.017838709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919861,0.00005915006,0.0017119872,0.00076170516,0.0013754056,0.0013970836,0.00073064247,0.000027498747,0.0019504059],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990514,0.0000035134503,0.00013386633,0.0004175911,0.00017003994,0.00022361703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913436,0.00004550231,0.00003400264,0.00063285494,0.000009881811,0.00014339515],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000082145336,0.0001398592,0.00013857929,0.00007833285,0.00020506288,0.000062444386,0.00023811561,0.000094870054,0.0002736854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000061405253,0.0001223038,0.00004525573,0.0009780523,0.00005042611,0.000020512945,0.00017638516,0.00019485656,0.0007816493],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038206963,0.00021359875,0.00027409222,0.000041390525,0.00050795573,0.0000010575061,0.0023061077,0.004155861,0.8019828,0.008957888,0.17559823,0.005922808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015813873,0.000007953889,0.00017467783,0.0000018070114,0.00044243276,0.0000026967275,0.0024895505,0.0025604672,0.3157537,0.0007400514,0.67739636,0.00027220426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000412898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012658248,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5017981,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000488374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007328165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321435113","doi":"10.1364/ao.482070","title":"Orthogonal polarization multi-wavelength Brillouin random fiber laser with triple Brillouin frequency shift space","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Random lasers and scattering media","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Optics; Brillouin scattering; Brillouin zone; Lasing threshold; Polarization (electrochemistry); Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Materials science; Fiber laser; Wavelength; Optical fiber; Physics; Fiber optic sensor","score_opus":0.009719259860599854,"score_gpt":0.21597481019924494,"score_spread":0.2062555503386451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321435113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9678855,0.0000114093855,0.01655826,0.0002987011,0.00025178684,0.0007156213,0.0001317467,0.0001952726,0.013951679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98493356,0.0000062757777,0.008830843,0.00007618753,0.0003990029,0.000084713916,0.00053535955,0.00007058547,0.0050634826],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984825,0.00003325754,0.0003023106,0.00039806703,0.0003033135,0.00048053806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999174,0.00013315628,0.00013210475,0.00034365818,0.000050639537,0.00016643893],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024140082,0.00028552188,0.00036581,0.00009962363,0.00019109594,0.000100884914,0.00016483654,0.000082223545,0.00034177984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009433729,0.00024240097,0.00010298414,0.00046216467,0.00008143702,0.000098747485,0.000055740013,0.00022946954,0.0005370523],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.011739871,0.0029717686,0.32261902,0.00067931315,0.0043196264,0.00033430048,0.013110489,0.045002326,0.06141061,0.34875813,0.026688777,0.16236576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.2944927,0.002710318,0.3335708,0.0009833395,0.002875936,0.000049654132,0.0061991396,0.10489663,0.08511745,0.041828483,0.11179058,0.015484975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000081379476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022421422,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30692965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019269488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008403608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9884825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362696505","doi":"10.1364/ao.485172","title":"Maximizing atmospheric-disturbed fiber coupling efficiency with speckle-based phase retrieval and a single-pixel camera","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McMaster University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Optics; Phase retrieval; Pixel; Speckle pattern; Coupling (piping); Materials science; Phase (matter); Atmospheric optics; Optical fiber; Physics; Fourier transform","score_opus":0.011050307101355364,"score_gpt":0.23641861376453502,"score_spread":0.22536830666317964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362696505","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9691075,0.000029840294,0.012931778,0.000031842646,0.000055709792,0.00029401595,0.00004486067,0.00014470014,0.01735976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902087,0.0000017508141,0.0092178425,0.00004885792,0.00008620958,0.000015417232,0.00010536754,0.000039808034,0.00027604486],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888736,0.0000038814437,0.00019482042,0.00035205044,0.00015659453,0.00040527596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994413,0.00008441916,0.0000966671,0.00022789037,0.0000390414,0.0001106663],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009403823,0.00022600894,0.00022862063,0.000026366308,0.0001781366,0.00015966216,0.00011922794,0.00004664789,0.000042945336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000025342313,0.00020115008,0.00005840507,0.0006374176,0.00018188481,0.00006829602,0.000052180414,0.0001569425,0.00005340575],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.008192628,0.009208539,0.015616909,0.00061007653,0.0013842005,0.00024955877,0.0041962364,0.048342887,0.6059311,0.11692873,0.0023554338,0.18698372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.07523468,0.007000042,0.00374799,0.0009119162,0.0017391766,0.000032245745,0.016180888,0.2129502,0.59041625,0.014419408,0.067966685,0.009400521],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005682456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.5581112e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1775832,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001395232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045813515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8202662},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362737484","doi":"10.1364/ao.488571","title":"Design of a single aspheric beam homogenizer for accurate particle sizing application","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Sizing; Optics; Homogenizer; Metrology; Beam (structure); Lens (geology); Materials science; Gaussian beam; Particle (ecology); Physics","score_opus":0.02809641278653611,"score_gpt":0.23772869777735076,"score_spread":0.20963228499081465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362737484","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51515746,0.000013625621,0.48293343,0.000050465398,0.000028015449,0.00052537164,0.0000023811544,0.00008189357,0.0012073634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9362312,0.0000129548735,0.06314885,0.00007743595,0.000025212075,0.00022612298,0.000006488725,0.000023109298,0.0002486514],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916726,0.000006736605,0.00019868148,0.00021443205,0.00015354385,0.00025932558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995105,0.00010790046,0.00009898048,0.00021914016,0.000008435091,0.00005501325],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018172232,0.00009774986,0.00012293669,8.261593e-7,0.00009319105,0.000014659093,0.00015849977,0.000054124797,0.00007902906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015268482,0.00009393166,0.000033792003,0.00042932061,0.000088310895,0.000047702524,0.00009309212,0.000035379046,0.00028647325],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035400448,0.00009056766,0.00067190966,0.000011621306,0.000012132484,4.192216e-7,0.00033020688,0.15608214,0.8211329,0.00092719315,0.000433657,0.020271871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016045079,0.00044368007,0.008076316,0.000010098376,0.000118982716,0.00000241485,0.0013224554,0.5361067,0.43943003,0.007985111,0.0042061973,0.000693527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009401138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018722282,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4210737,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042206684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000073278707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3830422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367672476","doi":"10.1364/ao.486929","title":"Towards real-time active imaging of greenhouse gases using tunable mid-infrared all-fiber lasers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Fiber Bragg grating; Fiber laser; Optics; Laser; Optoelectronics; Narrowband; Fiber; Tunable laser; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.019151900755993764,"score_gpt":0.2795409911469239,"score_spread":0.2603890903909301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367672476","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7998943,0.000013629597,0.00018945026,0.0000806381,0.000026355443,0.00017542046,0.00014354517,0.0004843113,0.19899239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9779392,0.00015119315,0.013969151,0.000116582516,0.00022812364,0.00014699347,0.00042293037,0.00016018,0.006865641],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986247,0.000007218331,0.00031216795,0.00035496455,0.00026165112,0.000439341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989267,0.00013547242,0.00016567839,0.00057971803,0.00007303708,0.00011937227],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000099238816,0.00022023273,0.0002787238,0.00009576067,0.00013127667,0.000035615798,0.00027363026,0.000104794955,0.0010655369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024389217,0.00024410957,0.00009130072,0.00044542155,0.000121042074,0.00008580137,0.00013828443,0.00016997445,0.00030192264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000076047865,0.00010211171,0.00008377403,0.00009711049,0.00011997514,0.000012821807,0.00050893734,0.0034510295,0.9909361,0.0012299893,0.0026860768,0.0006960077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005473074,0.0000071055115,0.00011115259,0.00003074458,0.00015596769,0.000004096967,0.0010878044,0.016956316,0.97683656,0.0015227842,0.0024451325,0.00029500265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018766252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19212675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121411336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012254958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367672526","doi":"10.1364/ao.486938","title":"Compact, low-cost, and broadband terahertz time-domain spectrometer","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; OZ Optics (Canada); University of Ottawa","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Terahertz radiation; Optics; Ultrashort pulse; Laser; Materials science; Broadband; Terahertz spectroscopy and technology; Optoelectronics; Spectrometer; Physics","score_opus":0.006956622952710932,"score_gpt":0.2055611408554098,"score_spread":0.19860451790269887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367672526","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96137613,0.000051351868,0.0030086339,0.00040729603,0.00006040691,0.00036203742,0.000024224473,0.0018955991,0.032814335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946157,0.00007232019,0.0045527555,0.000078569945,0.000060715214,0.00006165714,0.000041123985,0.00004320124,0.00047400215],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935776,0.0000031135316,0.00013466887,0.00016162619,0.00006622114,0.00027663732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995981,0.000055864126,0.000014710477,0.00026191876,0.0000066907774,0.00006271157],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006202595,0.00013894629,0.00014698145,0.0001080811,0.00007756048,0.00003197205,0.0001268185,0.00011707163,0.000053885866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000026532364,0.00014273035,0.000022092336,0.00031477926,0.00007598931,0.000033136017,0.000034057222,0.00018670179,0.0009147074],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003324437,0.00014081436,0.00088967744,0.00018560966,0.00035058576,0.00004916824,0.0012889035,0.00182413,0.55161995,0.10599926,0.08996916,0.24764949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033627206,0.000090977665,0.023062687,0.0000698365,0.00013273006,0.00009882407,0.00046173125,0.088755324,0.14115372,0.09243014,0.64823717,0.0021441523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.5795285e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012561753,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.558268,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020633464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000038705166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998632},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376134915","doi":"10.1364/ao.489529","title":"THz Bragg structures fabricated with additive manufacturing","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Terahertz radiation; Materials science; Fabrication; Optics; Photonics; Fiber Bragg grating; Optoelectronics; Physics; Wavelength","score_opus":0.005987286333171451,"score_gpt":0.18872695798544,"score_spread":0.18273967165226856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376134915","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9438529,0.000023164004,0.018453643,0.00017274059,0.0000760794,0.0003729702,0.000059496084,0.005156905,0.03183212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958188,0.000034076904,0.0037426234,0.000038933995,0.00003826547,0.000111558336,0.00007931023,0.000037219328,0.00009924652],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999465,0.0000016536593,0.00009318059,0.00014524831,0.00007284095,0.00022207893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965763,0.000042271728,0.00001703645,0.00023853853,0.000008999129,0.00003552065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000019623643,0.00012569246,0.000101400234,0.00008381215,0.00008332733,0.00001767489,0.0001547839,0.000106340776,0.000035217396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000018536048,0.00011141808,0.000014808741,0.00026633445,0.000059759648,0.000027378679,0.00003258449,0.00020334656,0.0002453786],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037733495,0.000047353056,0.00016018217,0.000104907456,0.00053514104,0.00006220713,0.0011269918,0.066678196,0.04883865,0.37257227,0.022215948,0.4876204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077836524,0.000038741146,0.018854516,0.000017848735,0.000071351686,0.0000252418,0.0006989035,0.013427639,0.848734,0.03592173,0.080641426,0.0007902129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000011405948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004116378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79989535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018313583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000050456388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45434976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376287300","doi":"10.1364/ao.492071","title":"Methodology for computing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy interferograms","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Infrared; Fourier transform; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.06759493561878721,"score_gpt":0.3042664873741484,"score_spread":0.2366715517553612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376287300","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006929742,0.000014368915,0.958097,0.000090081085,0.0002793821,0.0005000978,0.000006409692,0.0024663287,0.031616606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2967893,0.00006673613,0.7022744,0.00017352484,0.00019405193,0.00013306913,0.00009883377,0.00006874714,0.00020139571],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993333,0.000007003925,0.00019698047,0.000116766845,0.000086871165,0.0002590263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996575,0.00011661486,0.000017457458,0.00013865798,0.000021582395,0.00004819985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033522682,0.0001138377,0.00015936747,0.00009181801,0.000047533737,0.000035659625,0.000105261264,0.00008742921,0.000010275949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001834682,0.00012250645,0.000052900494,0.0002077558,0.000022154156,0.00003150286,0.00001798968,0.00010570281,0.000021277809],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010295353,0.0000540276,0.000044907443,0.00049803336,0.00025499414,0.0000045423867,0.0024055417,0.0101532005,0.49413055,0.23926209,0.07645901,0.17663014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007362889,0.0001101239,0.00004299425,0.000021901611,0.000038816816,0.0000025042066,0.00034340832,0.2281025,0.65506476,0.02911705,0.08605419,0.00036545255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.7248786e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035989144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28985953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032715958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008464037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4995668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376878577","doi":"10.1364/ao.489762","title":"3 kW forward-pumped fiber laser via pump recycler","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Fiber laser; Laser; Laser pumping; Raman scattering; Optoelectronics; Double-clad fiber; Laser power scaling; Amplifier; Brillouin scattering; Optical fiber; Wavelength; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Fiber optic sensor; Raman spectroscopy; Physics","score_opus":0.009346492929315157,"score_gpt":0.19976757243360374,"score_spread":0.19042107950428858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376878577","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75316757,0.00004661741,0.0033605106,0.0001459004,0.00095824176,0.00058044255,0.00006704412,0.0029529647,0.23872073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99253523,0.00011650947,0.0026236472,0.00011127084,0.00021884413,0.00008409123,0.00009545715,0.00012128842,0.0040936787],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882585,0.0000037402613,0.00025432507,0.00021502996,0.0002094506,0.00049158634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993589,0.00006523488,0.000023971266,0.00039032387,0.00002482915,0.00013677598],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000117614036,0.00022253941,0.00022031438,0.00009358762,0.00007013173,0.00004292475,0.0001976095,0.00016127132,0.00024782628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007426414,0.00022630228,0.00007533373,0.0004469324,0.000040876468,0.000061134466,0.000095165895,0.00024771385,0.0034291432],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001667271,0.00030736547,0.00018389973,0.0011301525,0.0012121621,0.00032581063,0.0041541415,0.5733734,0.19039837,0.015212937,0.12401838,0.089516684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025039078,0.000090320864,0.0010238854,0.00005465905,0.00020847213,0.00003759918,0.0004531459,0.41171905,0.083653204,0.017668983,0.480375,0.002211767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014312641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005060984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35635662,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005274831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012646615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377989788","doi":"10.1364/ao.491968","title":"Enhanced emission from hBN in sputtered microcavities","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Materials science; Planar; Sputter deposition; Optoelectronics; Hexagonal boron nitride; Annealing (glass); Optics; Luminescence; Sputtering; Light emission; Thin film; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Graphene","score_opus":0.016599689002135303,"score_gpt":0.2618725143057529,"score_spread":0.24527282530361763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377989788","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920904,0.000024337838,0.000091237955,0.00010573468,0.0003094002,0.00018393004,0.00005754349,0.00017302943,0.006964394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980042,0.000060401915,0.00095059344,0.00013109864,0.00015151933,0.00004260861,0.00008414192,0.000026760477,0.0005486641],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863183,0.00003321238,0.00025833427,0.00033100555,0.0002944003,0.00045118993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940735,0.00013951378,0.000047783906,0.0002906178,0.000023815674,0.00009090883],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032210952,0.00014166339,0.0002194902,0.00011321503,0.00006507248,0.0001411803,0.00030063064,0.00010262665,0.00039717453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003174978,0.00013097083,0.00002824392,0.00027483297,0.000076865115,0.00005973427,0.00017703147,0.00009533451,0.0013588516],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058889487,0.000028939441,0.00002290992,0.00002504715,0.0000020078019,0.000015305664,0.0003530219,0.00014310355,0.99716306,0.0005032251,0.00064956665,0.0010349146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045651823,0.000017687846,0.00037285333,0.00003369594,0.000003509148,1.97637e-7,0.0004536359,0.00023309997,0.994565,0.0033451826,0.00035695304,0.00016166609],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000092756854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014470848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0064157294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040338367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006237249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99941874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378907900","doi":"10.1364/ao.488480","title":"Computational visualization of semi-transparent metallic thin films with roughness","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Color Science and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia; Huawei Technologies (Canada)","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microscale chemistry; Materials science; Surface finish; Optics; Surface roughness; Substrate (aquarium); Nanoscopic scale; Thin film; Light scattering; Scattering; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.021321107032970563,"score_gpt":0.28425552292189726,"score_spread":0.2629344158889267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4378907900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6280915,0.0000032774199,0.3613995,0.0001220879,0.000030834493,0.0003373976,0.000046431676,0.000077290686,0.009891682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961988,0.000001493786,0.003269,0.000020664427,0.000027439404,0.00007575503,0.0002777092,0.000008598989,0.00012057881],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994118,0.0000044477338,0.00014256552,0.00014022627,0.00018474112,0.000116179624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968356,0.000048148155,0.000068615765,0.00011696107,0.00005078325,0.00003193087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000067806504,0.000072168434,0.00010120919,0.000040427178,0.00008166004,0.00002002583,0.00011605016,0.000015372756,0.0000768108],"category_scores_gemma":[5.021523e-7,0.00006219779,0.000022813492,0.00057643134,0.000053835447,0.00004553947,0.000021427506,0.000037872902,0.00004954277],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004005057,0.000060090504,0.0014019045,0.000007072184,0.000022774644,1.05724e-7,0.00032685258,0.3846485,0.0011936323,0.6116459,0.0001307362,0.00055847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012530329,0.00010109608,0.014680789,0.000036590558,0.0001502501,7.13193e-7,0.0032791568,0.87210673,0.016515857,0.089599326,0.0017185217,0.00055792095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010591746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013072383,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5220465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004193284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041640043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2536352},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386637320","doi":"10.1364/ao.497962","title":"Integrating sphere port error in diffuse reflectance measurements","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Integrating sphere; Optics; Monte Carlo method; Observational error; Diffuse reflection; Ray tracing (physics); Distributed ray tracing; Port (circuit theory); Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform; Scattering; Sample (material); Error detection and correction; Approximation error; Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Algorithm; Electronic engineering; Statistics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.057100345804394534,"score_gpt":0.2757370878035382,"score_spread":0.21863674199914362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386637320","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.59344417,0.0000954519,0.019172976,0.00015617855,0.00048701387,0.00089937623,0.000008422218,0.005338056,0.38039836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919876,0.000041469408,0.0075253933,0.00008452611,0.000040380637,0.000085358064,0.000018281282,0.000039762104,0.00017724573],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991837,0.0000059685085,0.00023208678,0.00013144438,0.00022656545,0.00022020137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997242,0.000012745539,0.000021894888,0.00017560563,0.000020855688,0.000044662065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021506652,0.00012304548,0.0001270599,0.00008752201,0.000026533864,0.000028993762,0.000108714165,0.000070017086,0.00002298329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022617582,0.00012862521,0.000023838242,0.00044048546,0.00001189055,0.000058312668,0.00002028372,0.00015911562,0.00007309962],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024002682,0.00015181243,0.0029900526,0.00019471855,0.000056593075,0.000026201116,0.0012976459,0.007957759,0.92598987,0.021636682,0.02110043,0.01857426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005389536,0.00011122779,0.009429547,0.00052551174,0.00006639429,0.000008853269,0.0027072192,0.22809255,0.7023521,0.008914843,0.0400236,0.0023786293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000020312234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015263124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39854342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000082575614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015273443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5245184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387188122","doi":"10.1364/ao.501953","title":"Wavefront control capability in a modal lens with segmented circular peripheral electrodes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Wavefront; Zernike polynomials; Optics; Lens (geology); Modal; Adaptive optics; Deformable mirror; Electrode; Wavefront sensor; Physics; Computer science; Materials science","score_opus":0.007401965205699163,"score_gpt":0.1911351608944393,"score_spread":0.18373319568874014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387188122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7605497,0.000061545725,0.23227608,0.000058120087,0.00006978074,0.0009332101,0.000013175646,0.00087412447,0.005164228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99276894,0.000014122637,0.0067906473,0.00003856814,0.000050183105,0.00022497904,0.000014647758,0.000067688816,0.000030246745],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998583,0.000020836602,0.00028468523,0.00028539143,0.00023612152,0.0005899291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994476,0.0000880497,0.000023033099,0.00032462907,0.000028616138,0.000088097026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018985324,0.00023270375,0.0003383574,0.000072319875,0.000040042538,0.000025750478,0.00013308653,0.00010698382,0.00001311188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016047234,0.00021500062,0.00003768272,0.00041812414,0.000059560803,0.00007621022,0.00001652542,0.0002496641,0.00006847664],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008817337,0.00004726747,0.0012601874,0.00014288604,0.000093051574,0.000052694595,0.0003056991,0.8944103,0.09420328,0.00871424,0.000049292266,0.0006329444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004575293,0.00018729112,0.011871709,0.00005202252,0.000063621876,0.000018480509,0.00049596705,0.96934396,0.00942987,0.002605705,0.00039842483,0.000957652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007668925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038826547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23221917,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031462396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024269459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87674713},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387450645","doi":"10.1364/ao.496431","title":"Modeling the short wavelength infrared laser radiance reflection on the sea surface","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"Université Laval","keywords":"Radiance; Optics; Laser; Physics; Wind speed; Remote sensing; Geology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.03759799248962151,"score_gpt":0.23296699127035742,"score_spread":0.1953689987807359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387450645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9494528,0.000023347686,0.00012459028,0.00095192465,0.00031204635,0.00020163228,0.000012444011,0.0000924208,0.048828777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99760884,0.0001707303,0.00066997786,0.0006203512,0.0001980694,3.340211e-8,0.000044027944,0.0000074619975,0.00068049005],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991386,0.000033239325,0.00013268444,0.00018259851,0.00023093751,0.0002819403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940526,0.00023921477,0.000021561478,0.00026360436,0.00001981575,0.000050541446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040103335,0.000111613714,0.00008735117,0.000024708474,0.0004692631,0.00008811425,0.00016437801,0.000061450286,0.000035094956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020351705,0.00005909808,0.000037517293,0.0003944076,0.00005508918,0.00003739493,0.0000128206475,0.00024945813,0.00038841355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001829538,0.000002930521,0.00024811472,0.0000039428874,0.000014051013,0.0000039274973,0.00024638756,0.9809502,0.000036411042,0.00049568637,0.0010885769,0.016891507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005051377,0.000018593295,0.001712608,0.000007848225,0.000008794944,0.0000026634145,0.00053622405,0.99460363,0.00028747317,0.0015987401,0.0010736579,0.000099250996],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007835728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000101801874,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04815604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000050092726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023415249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387908488","doi":"10.1364/ao.503919","title":"Photonic beamforming using a quantum-dash optical frequency comb source","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McGill University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Beamforming; Free spectral range; Broadband; Comb filter; Photonics; Frequency comb; Phased array; Antenna (radio); Comb generator; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Bandwidth (computing); Laser","score_opus":0.020843194236235475,"score_gpt":0.2641794301476094,"score_spread":0.24333623591137393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387908488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8435383,0.000013994967,0.13780428,0.00006938168,0.00010266416,0.00029502794,0.000016625714,0.0007479415,0.017411815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9404729,0.000004328556,0.059085377,0.00003167144,0.00010553321,0.00005011146,0.000038993592,0.000056494115,0.0001545733],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986169,0.0000052506743,0.0002782334,0.00033029,0.00019507886,0.0005742786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921846,0.000113638525,0.00010028622,0.00045906467,0.000031651703,0.00007687018],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000102686674,0.00022943993,0.0002608105,0.0001110257,0.0002101891,0.000051520037,0.00032484595,0.0001009689,0.000055066703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010049147,0.00023578465,0.000079908394,0.000541751,0.00015742889,0.00009923495,0.0002133434,0.0003683381,0.00027790765],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000094902625,0.00008705494,0.0016658565,0.000025061163,0.000091201044,0.000008614362,0.00028752498,0.014527497,0.060970243,0.90376186,0.00008850883,0.018477073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020751676,0.00012220716,0.0003141942,0.000102767066,0.00021395224,0.000009441907,0.009662775,0.15293446,0.28132865,0.5453054,0.0061034863,0.001827549],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021325022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.9663047e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35845652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048520953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005082495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96150196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388233497","doi":"10.1364/ao.504030","title":"Dynamic beam shaping for LED lighting","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Microlens; Materials science; Lens (geology); Light-emitting diode; Light beam; Beam divergence; LED lamp; Beam (structure); Light intensity; Aperture (computer memory); Optoelectronics; Physics; Laser beam quality; Laser; Laser beams","score_opus":0.018635684656673156,"score_gpt":0.24578268485311794,"score_spread":0.2271470001964448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388233497","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07168407,0.00010327974,0.8953553,0.000078068726,0.0006463511,0.0011408,0.00001699376,0.003463859,0.027511286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9270359,0.000022100176,0.0721893,0.000030923235,0.000103818486,0.0002389775,0.000029291079,0.000108520784,0.00024111554],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989918,0.000002458136,0.00025416657,0.00018952247,0.00012374535,0.00043830244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993986,0.00026511116,0.000025695894,0.0002089562,0.000023964692,0.000077654935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016530365,0.00016112006,0.00020593811,0.000076289805,0.00008622143,0.000035250312,0.00015008703,0.00009904306,0.000005480248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043211137,0.00017216364,0.000051889918,0.00031998384,0.000017794384,0.00004920103,0.000034493267,0.00011304927,0.00034445152],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013038157,0.000012700599,0.000011310776,0.00047947274,0.00008922425,0.000008457979,0.00027295723,0.75805753,0.17095889,0.05756742,0.0007476472,0.011781329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005196119,0.00002115579,0.00006496977,0.000043602777,0.00002712665,0.0000024590572,0.00019755684,0.9801437,0.00973394,0.005707291,0.003150051,0.00038848046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.1820854e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011862699,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85535187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081810824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007075517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7020629},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388763607","doi":"10.1364/ao.502663","title":"IRS-assisted vehicular visible light communications systems: channel modeling and performance analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Visible light communication; Optics; Path loss; Computer science; Aperture (computer memory); Communications system; Non-line-of-sight propagation; Channel (broadcasting); Telecommunications; Link budget; Physics; Radiation; Light-emitting diode; Wireless; Acoustics","score_opus":0.028704516534060857,"score_gpt":0.2364718705966739,"score_spread":0.20776735406261304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388763607","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93328905,0.0035247847,0.038947377,0.00083420094,0.000106449435,0.0005299505,0.000017268825,0.0055122226,0.017238706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98655987,0.0070912973,0.006040135,0.000010116577,0.000010036311,0.00016149107,0.00006101187,0.000035248628,0.000030766456],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991143,0.0000133947315,0.0003084687,0.00015945017,0.00014761448,0.00025682355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981869,0.0001115265,0.000035865243,0.0015494195,0.00005888689,0.000057401507],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001977541,0.0001568626,0.00027442435,0.00036470525,0.00021370336,0.000088181754,0.0006648486,0.00015632587,0.0000011893509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019500309,0.00016368137,0.000044984263,0.0016560846,0.0000729661,0.00008232402,0.00042498388,0.00028447082,0.00007616242],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000019852541,0.000019285026,0.0000941415,0.00011363961,0.0003371138,6.2740713e-7,0.00018654842,0.9707179,0.0011316525,0.024615707,0.00005041314,0.002730962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010752384,0.000007866964,0.00034303198,0.000021109863,0.00012292007,9.610969e-7,0.0006680369,0.997573,0.00050995575,0.00017338186,0.000285558,0.00018665483],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000045046536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000052451505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.053270858,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052358948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000076213896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66747326},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389950468","doi":"10.1364/ao.507674","title":"Performance evaluation of a UOWC system based on the FRS/OCDMA code for different types of Jerlov waters","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optiwave Systems (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Bit error rate; Attenuation; Diagram; Channel (broadcasting); Underwater; Optics; Computer science; Code (set theory); Telecommunications; Physics; Statistics; Mathematics; Geology","score_opus":0.040496729218345795,"score_gpt":0.24701949196318948,"score_spread":0.20652276274484369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389950468","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99426335,0.000022055046,0.0016867406,0.00018412844,0.00006344842,0.0005643879,0.000024875757,0.00034799374,0.0028430088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981434,0.000046513145,0.0014845579,0.0000048313595,0.000006089884,0.00027037977,0.000018319557,0.000019907377,0.000006051668],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934936,0.000012579224,0.00021252462,0.000071912946,0.0002357903,0.000117807605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990149,0.00035069717,0.000050168615,0.00048882625,0.00008381439,0.000011608945],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003533988,0.00008665072,0.00014765686,0.00007305058,0.000034532193,0.000006222303,0.00027935312,0.00006769872,0.0000025314216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005229745,0.000060182334,0.00003234241,0.00017815763,0.000058067395,0.000012107218,0.000039524115,0.00007948747,0.000012809787],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033818826,0.000040231058,0.00016246873,0.00062427163,0.000065319655,4.0621007e-8,0.00021679855,0.87250024,0.015302843,0.091689765,0.00017509365,0.019189099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022967374,0.00003263164,0.00080193166,0.00005564469,0.000029347713,3.158647e-8,0.0003575765,0.8726969,0.12557463,0.00012873308,0.000035987545,0.000056896046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":3.0193064e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.209931e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1102718,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055055218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009717353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24541643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391810307","doi":"10.1364/ao.519089","title":"Divide and structure: generating and interswitching orthogonal eigenstates of complementary petal beams using a π-shifted Sagnac interferometer","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Algonquin College","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Sagnac effect; Physics; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score_opus":0.011167543755452224,"score_gpt":0.24265338619956509,"score_spread":0.23148584244411285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391810307","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96866405,0.00021244891,0.030271934,0.000028386137,0.00012785784,0.00015181392,0.00014112829,0.000020767155,0.00038158448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.964591,0.000004257843,0.03507972,0.000028449824,0.00016320229,0.0000035914672,0.000090490605,0.000029930596,0.000009332242],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909353,0.000012545857,0.0002973118,0.00025711308,0.00012970163,0.00020977628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996613,0.00007760019,0.00006745974,0.00010967246,0.000019811425,0.00006414768],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008225705,0.00019039474,0.00020898614,0.000079321486,0.00008650923,0.00014312692,0.00007351256,0.000026818756,0.00007625929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016375876,0.0001754934,0.000042088788,0.00009746399,0.000107068365,0.00010542581,0.00028326458,0.00018471814,8.5744233e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075247764,0.00016472646,0.03670016,0.00087451533,0.0018329861,0.000027991291,0.011071377,0.0019328246,0.55636096,0.25329512,0.00006853478,0.13759558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003703917,0.000789578,0.0061970265,0.0012358715,0.0017919522,0.00011838426,0.01370916,0.5311372,0.23117396,0.20637856,0.00069868227,0.003065689],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028637023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048200736,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52920437,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017151257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019522851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7156413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392049757","doi":"10.1364/ao.506094","title":"Multifunctional metamaterial device based on VO<sub>2</sub> and the equivalent diode","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Optics; Metamaterial; Diode; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.01514210063407862,"score_gpt":0.23250035447613204,"score_spread":0.21735825384205343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392049757","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888042,0.00010305385,0.006531212,0.0006131769,0.002074741,0.0005204875,0.00014572886,0.0002676167,0.00093973975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99383,0.0000215073,0.0046103336,0.00086438254,0.00042068737,0.0001581975,0.000032082768,0.000040923347,0.000021850263],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982538,0.0001256277,0.00039858767,0.00045414484,0.00046526184,0.00030257565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989944,0.00048159627,0.00006980653,0.00032187806,0.000042574386,0.00008971843],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010589749,0.00024773905,0.00031340998,0.00008208175,0.00017237329,0.000494847,0.00019227451,0.00010248939,0.000243064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003478315,0.00016364206,0.00008334615,0.00015018311,0.00029847794,0.00011376762,0.00006864576,0.000105555526,0.00082321774],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005262702,0.000033679946,6.0210846e-7,0.00009230484,0.000020251246,0.00000847743,0.00007992092,0.0009997567,0.9456597,0.051961683,0.000111737194,0.000505633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001479111,0.000043119162,0.00009240599,0.00004097185,0.00013994619,0.000009700462,0.000024479254,0.0056336424,0.9899825,0.0015017553,0.0008395109,0.00021286229],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005045478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024932285,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.050459925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004679512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006463219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392428799","doi":"10.1364/ao.521079","title":"Optical modeling of systematic uncertainties in detector polarization angles for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Pennsylvania; Princeton University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cosmology; Physics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Telescope; Detector; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Observational cosmology; Optics; Remote sensing; Geology; Dark energy","score_opus":0.021037952752525093,"score_gpt":0.23700131674256059,"score_spread":0.2159633639900355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392428799","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60886824,0.0062344302,0.37720507,0.00016327867,0.0017268127,0.0038725608,0.0001696448,0.000494281,0.0012656604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898885,0.00010355795,0.009506703,0.000013482716,0.00009947584,0.00025608623,0.00003924139,0.000073771516,0.000019208117],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988446,0.0000125950055,0.0005462912,0.00022085945,0.00014284252,0.00023276369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991319,0.00034367124,0.000058412097,0.0003840014,0.000056845816,0.000025164638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025158873,0.00023776932,0.0005014296,0.00013877726,0.000027579232,0.00006721788,0.00028295108,0.00024698046,0.0000010689042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008175766,0.00018822109,0.00009349752,0.00013162602,0.000058316862,0.000012025189,0.00020404438,0.00048479807,0.000004618414],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009749889,0.000009537645,0.000007061997,0.029040305,0.00011833736,0.0000015798835,0.00045093382,0.9456935,0.0016846734,0.022713326,0.00001813754,0.00025289343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012314829,0.000008271647,0.0000067153123,0.001799883,0.00021257483,0.0000030505923,0.00048246997,0.98424053,0.0015634238,0.0113680195,0.00000391271,0.00018801971],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002481632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027396834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3810202,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008857527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043483502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7675434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392643194","doi":"10.1364/ao.517797","title":"Dynamic control of defocus, astigmatism, and tilt aberrations with a large area foveal liquid crystal lens","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Optics; Foveal; Tilt (camera); Astigmatism; Lens (geology); Materials science; Physics; Optometry; Ophthalmology; Medicine","score_opus":0.006297561104001945,"score_gpt":0.21035077492631477,"score_spread":0.2040532138223128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392643194","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3374912,0.0001425075,0.6380408,0.00014105249,0.000060916325,0.0003180596,0.00038144368,0.00004073857,0.023383323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910838,0.0000059533645,0.008567766,0.000024337058,0.000054210384,0.000011527971,0.00006194227,0.00003167769,0.000158781],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922186,0.0000073972974,0.00019858772,0.00021536507,0.00012675709,0.00023005239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995919,0.000083218016,0.00006487914,0.00014850029,0.000052177733,0.00005936138],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006280993,0.00016391512,0.00021892566,0.000051115265,0.00010026034,0.00006135868,0.000047635625,0.000040458308,0.000031902535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000015105853,0.00013801841,0.000041436997,0.00009434987,0.0000869325,0.00007756666,0.000034856017,0.00015260199,0.0000066566613],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010009722,0.00012254948,0.0003180383,0.000055589604,0.00037447258,0.0000073613587,0.0008528441,0.001597956,0.01221985,0.98265505,0.00012908256,0.0015671039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0058327494,0.0011921556,0.0019000971,0.00055694516,0.001218994,0.00002913663,0.00487438,0.9422653,0.0044393972,0.025619635,0.010457695,0.0016135582],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010553745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029988329,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9570354,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014735813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006461905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56282276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393151451","doi":"10.1364/ao.517060","title":"Simulation and implementation of photonic integrated circuits for the filtering and optical heterodyning of mode-locked comb-lines","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Optics; Beat (acoustics); Photonic integrated circuit; Finite-difference time-domain method; Comb filter; Photonics; Phase noise; Optical filter; Optoelectronics; Laser; Physics; Telecommunications; Computer science; Bandwidth (computing)","score_opus":0.018987150797958152,"score_gpt":0.29146913514094697,"score_spread":0.2724819843429888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393151451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9081827,0.00047472352,0.09058781,0.000014277086,0.00006989375,0.00032068155,0.00002870591,0.000052028696,0.00026918744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960097,0.00011334925,0.0037878172,0.0000074087943,0.000016333432,0.000029720479,0.000015886208,0.000017528444,0.0000022270056],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949247,0.0000027123783,0.00022382542,0.00010139844,0.000069356254,0.00011023695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993451,0.00050437276,0.000020859517,0.00007682247,0.000028060607,0.000024770696],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009705148,0.000090470145,0.00014081346,0.000037996764,0.00002739078,0.000029592786,0.000046019373,0.000044924444,0.0000042136576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000117785285,0.00006933066,0.00002047178,0.000085179374,0.000053235348,0.000050394934,0.000024256422,0.00006952468,2.700102e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025496445,0.0000149994585,0.000071310795,0.0016130939,0.0002480415,7.777459e-7,0.0017486239,0.5709554,0.29110852,0.06123905,0.0000065238723,0.072968155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022037613,0.000028508708,0.00025665428,0.000042702726,0.000063682564,7.8237986e-7,0.00038711212,0.9325581,0.065773495,0.00051912246,0.00008145345,0.0000680053],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006193329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009777256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36160272,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011808798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009334415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2827222},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393716567","doi":"10.1364/ao.523804","title":"Examining the role of magnetic fields in plasma behavior and surface evolution of a Mg alloy with varied irradiances in a femtosecond laser treatment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","keywords":"Femtosecond; Materials science; Laser; Optics; Sapphire; Plasma; Irradiation; Alloy; Magnetic field; X-ray laser; Optoelectronics; Laser power scaling; Metallurgy; Physics","score_opus":0.008676476515021955,"score_gpt":0.19786111676387222,"score_spread":0.18918464024885026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393716567","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959314,0.0005335173,0.000029362798,0.000008684968,0.000037578247,0.0002366981,0.00001385701,0.000023540773,0.0031853947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99845856,0.00009854788,0.0013421511,0.0000017782761,0.000009090052,0.000042243482,0.000003266703,0.000014456652,0.00002989354],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994895,0.000009135491,0.00016770686,0.00012188422,0.00006960447,0.00014218777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997009,0.00014020668,0.000017163982,0.000114007766,0.000005000887,0.000022707005],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007218006,0.00011057107,0.00015747255,0.000057772864,0.000012417138,0.00001600783,0.000053856314,0.00007855512,0.000014945156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000019276652,0.000081448954,0.000010922005,0.00019029246,0.000038632425,0.000038523674,0.000009774861,0.0001267581,0.0000017335036],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032659338,0.0004191356,0.048898183,0.00062715076,0.00019024948,0.000111786365,0.01674209,0.43743783,0.44642386,0.025439357,0.00001698964,0.023366757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002798976,0.0013989253,0.07991151,0.0003298348,0.00024323426,0.000029655437,0.0050787777,0.41130343,0.49678662,0.0011989692,0.0003426928,0.0005773794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011860518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018937526,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05036275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005978334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003223183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3321392},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394953559","doi":"10.1364/ao.520976","title":"Comparative analysis of <i>C</i> <i>n</i>2 estimation methods for sonic anemometer data","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"Defence Research and Development Canada; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Anemometer; Scintillometer; Turbulence; Physics; Optics; Acoustics; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.06507865813923168,"score_gpt":0.38953784916225,"score_spread":0.3244591910230183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394953559","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0056309225,0.00010536111,0.9816835,0.000036915826,0.0000933273,0.00025084362,0.00034351225,0.000022255426,0.0118333865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.54793566,0.0000015312096,0.4512292,0.00001187217,0.000051585987,0.000007228768,0.00068843627,0.000008976226,0.00006551133],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991438,0.000018114793,0.00027362036,0.0003129822,0.00008610825,0.00016540043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989051,0.00046212674,0.00009141952,0.00044010818,0.000062068706,0.000039128954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033209205,0.00013432147,0.00038645795,0.00014853604,0.000058001937,0.00006575399,0.00017824057,0.000031455227,0.000027901287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003849647,0.000122862,0.000115334034,0.0005266475,0.000055925808,0.00009373693,0.00010459195,0.00008681272,0.000006531452],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031351643,0.00011261532,0.00006884615,0.00006387706,0.0050536413,3.753799e-7,0.00094407884,0.029276555,0.011857082,0.8284733,0.0009825408,0.123135716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012609019,0.00001955738,0.00004407194,0.0000108485765,0.00199642,8.7898826e-8,0.0002783918,0.9771385,0.006177031,0.010456449,0.0036090726,0.00014343167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011294426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001488179,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94786197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000121993835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041065585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5010167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398783822","doi":"10.1364/ao.527767","title":"Inverse design and optimization of a one-dimensional metagrating beam deflector by smart pattern search","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Solver; MATLAB; Optics; Process (computing); Inverse; Beam (structure); Algorithm; Genetic algorithm; Inverse problem; Computational science; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03924160768676718,"score_gpt":0.26647143902979803,"score_spread":0.22722983134303085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398783822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6574408,0.00024183028,0.3415324,0.00007631142,0.00010778044,0.00038245058,0.00005642888,0.000059782655,0.0001022374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6386734,0.000072094335,0.36096066,0.000070631315,0.000030510217,0.00006678818,0.000045870253,0.000025011119,0.000054998207],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885714,0.000055329197,0.00032009176,0.00030956458,0.0002627416,0.00019513414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994033,0.0001877648,0.00006875323,0.0001966065,0.00006325873,0.00008034549],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008073147,0.00012911619,0.00022352517,0.000054415912,0.000101169106,0.00013117825,0.00011315247,0.0000664461,0.00027513527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018246925,0.00011493156,0.000025602552,0.00017372657,0.00008900162,0.000084846644,0.00008201371,0.00006695909,0.00005944308],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010084652,0.00003518339,0.000003777662,0.00008186746,0.000020809355,4.5885395e-7,0.00014610843,0.05185624,0.9450881,0.00187217,0.0003727724,0.00051246485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014587572,0.000035396282,0.000008376247,0.00002373111,0.0000839455,0.0000023943749,0.000039004713,0.10795791,0.8911975,0.00018003074,0.00020001657,0.00012582865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045443077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026410626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.056101665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001687969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005939253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46867728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399391580","doi":"10.1364/ao.527243","title":"Coherent homodyne detection for amplified cross-beam electric-field induced second harmonic","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Institut TransMedTech; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Electric field; Optics; Physics; SIGNAL (programming language); Signal beam; Homodyne detection; Direct-conversion receiver; Harmonic; Beam (structure); Local oscillator; Acoustics; Phase noise; Computer science","score_opus":0.016876102358667256,"score_gpt":0.29654188199417986,"score_spread":0.2796657796355126,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399391580","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9394106,0.00019192658,0.03047618,0.00008260609,0.00019132823,0.0004353475,0.000028343049,0.00046061567,0.028723015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99660474,0.000025184936,0.0005129984,0.00014099415,0.00041560995,0.0011315135,0.00004581815,0.000061416766,0.0010617035],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986903,0.0000023821556,0.0002968629,0.00047003012,0.0001489163,0.00039151177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990795,0.00028787207,0.000060253446,0.00042026708,0.000052074876,0.0000999808],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010092168,0.0002174079,0.00018458531,0.00006878894,0.00021636864,0.0002496172,0.00022047905,0.00026915895,0.0006893797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021972475,0.00022848028,0.00011325237,0.00028247762,0.000012789536,0.0000615732,0.00003837483,0.0004235852,0.00013697498],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068352754,0.0000654606,0.0000071371005,0.00018076494,0.00007764558,0.0000011135745,0.00008580458,0.000016389073,0.97798955,0.014388146,0.00049170415,0.006627914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004055661,0.000062584106,0.000030978485,0.0000127255225,0.00007271766,0.000006879282,0.000064061314,0.0043347445,0.9744856,0.00583404,0.014435104,0.00025501198],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007694643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003114338,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.057194125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014370236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000089519606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93171555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400042004","doi":"10.1364/ao.526005","title":"Performance evaluation of an 80  Gbps dual-polarization orbital-angular-momentum-based underwater optical wireless communication system","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optiwave Systems (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Angular momentum; Orbital angular momentum multiplexing; Free-space optical communication; Polarization (electrochemistry); Physics; Underwater; Optical communication; Optical wireless; Orbital angular momentum of light; Wireless; Telecommunications; Computer science; Total angular momentum quantum number","score_opus":0.01867903211832885,"score_gpt":0.2464369972175764,"score_spread":0.22775796509924753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400042004","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97203445,0.0005601237,0.016912518,0.00009952345,0.00012583843,0.0005706433,0.000011303152,0.0015976897,0.008087904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830829,0.00008528408,0.016277501,0.000006265185,0.000020746347,0.00018405837,0.00026348815,0.000070804264,0.000008965651],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983459,0.000065694054,0.00054125965,0.00022751263,0.0005718922,0.00024771315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983492,0.00015435749,0.0000626927,0.0011645625,0.00020727348,0.00006192179],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008383667,0.0002196328,0.00025635207,0.00021853953,0.00010023703,0.000111901354,0.00044755018,0.0002557187,0.000014857246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023895174,0.00022127098,0.00004643984,0.0004929868,0.00017368201,0.00026616428,0.00011554488,0.00034129678,0.00006204712],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034116347,0.00023997008,0.000107353895,0.0016068092,0.0002077331,0.0000030558488,0.0005380741,0.38668454,0.10540021,0.40253586,0.000046427358,0.102595866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029878516,0.000040836803,0.00028067458,0.0001589625,0.00009716487,0.0000034287254,0.00042004744,0.8645309,0.13357425,0.0003441711,0.000040586914,0.00021015419],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000028554773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034664274,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4778464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034185775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006478384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90231687},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400044522","doi":"10.1364/ao.522909","title":"Color class and structure-related observable fluorescence response in arctic macroalgae as coastal underwater lidar substrates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Marine and coastal plant biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Sentinelle Nord, Université Laval; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet","keywords":"Lidar; Underwater; Optics; Arctic; Remote sensing; Fluorescence; Observable; Environmental science; Materials science; Geology; Oceanography; Physics","score_opus":0.008816807193277895,"score_gpt":0.20007960673489755,"score_spread":0.19126279954161965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400044522","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904197,0.00022644238,0.000004373619,0.000368178,0.00016171437,0.00019219221,0.00012565186,0.000058043504,0.008443691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99765575,0.00010159282,0.00053615926,0.00016141136,0.000028199293,0.0000017558662,0.000264643,0.0000063743387,0.0012440983],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988694,0.000053143922,0.00023736009,0.0003483666,0.00012561574,0.00036609557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936974,0.00035794335,0.000028563913,0.00012622144,0.000014526531,0.000102981285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023504626,0.0001774172,0.00018497622,0.00009132977,0.000071157156,0.00015041638,0.00013876002,0.00016358326,0.00065554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019641433,0.0001399925,0.00002195361,0.0002521129,0.0001568706,0.00009625753,0.000040393857,0.00029807765,0.00019258996],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.016941767,0.00018222017,0.56999326,0.0013340736,0.00051624427,0.0050037373,0.004194339,0.013708189,0.15012892,0.08466117,0.00118902,0.15214705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002367711,0.0020264422,0.7399711,0.00022437394,0.00014544584,0.0011372813,0.002417546,0.12821834,0.015592147,0.0829976,0.023026315,0.0018756827],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002606521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009899357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16997786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000055340033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000092236616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71777034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401420358","doi":"10.1364/ao.530314","title":"Characteristics of an ion beam in the figuring process on an optical ultra-low expansion glass surface","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Ion-surface interactions and analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"MD Precision (Canada)","funders":"National Science and Technology Council","keywords":"Figuring; Materials science; Optics; Ion beam; Beam (structure); Full width at half maximum; Ion; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.0070097017082562775,"score_gpt":0.2401307792260802,"score_spread":0.23312107751782393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401420358","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99616754,0.000018554272,0.0009875098,0.000031161464,0.00018412278,0.00012600515,0.000014539592,0.000113918475,0.0023566221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99912333,0.00005808477,0.00058308657,0.00001883538,0.00010302084,0.000012724598,0.000053072912,0.000033633936,0.000014195183],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991171,0.000012249335,0.0002783373,0.00018871903,0.0002148859,0.00018871225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995231,0.000113079346,0.000023719154,0.00026377148,0.000030467261,0.000045857472],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020090648,0.00015098484,0.00017870808,0.00008338751,0.000044119683,0.000099477824,0.00017626886,0.00009071457,0.00001438309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010474594,0.00011885632,0.000042944313,0.00031833697,0.000024733205,0.00014508325,0.000006945558,0.00031727587,0.000023684923],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037032758,0.00036193847,0.00010911658,0.00046097924,0.000059474034,0.00003441164,0.0031589835,0.7072414,0.27380863,0.004138156,0.000024872345,0.010565005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018596461,0.0001419022,0.002154932,0.00027032863,0.000081121,0.000009819159,0.0023899407,0.69904464,0.29496863,0.00021695418,0.00017899803,0.00035675356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005789809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000065107456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021160023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041545172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000131968445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.484682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401547028","doi":"10.1364/ao.524122","title":"On the use of a consumer-grade 360-degree camera as a radiometer for scientific applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Radiometer; Optics; Remote sensing; Radiometry; Degree (music); Computer science; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.1541694946074144,"score_gpt":0.2989254499731845,"score_spread":0.1447559553657701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401547028","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16183332,0.0007503717,0.82795197,0.00027188758,0.001495805,0.002581525,0.00027543836,0.0011061488,0.0037335572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.41684932,0.00007730113,0.57983685,0.00014786937,0.00014132276,0.0021267235,0.000043688753,0.000114357805,0.0006625924],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920577,0.000017731783,0.00021696425,0.0002052104,0.00014927135,0.00020504143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99739635,0.0020619533,0.000026240556,0.00043604872,0.00004595877,0.000033435746],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003165866,0.00013480578,0.00014740798,0.00021206873,0.00012164628,0.00016945077,0.00017940385,0.00008352191,0.00002564548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014221268,0.00010392429,0.0000821992,0.0005495143,0.00018531801,0.00005111399,0.000025549092,0.00018799961,0.00009922315],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032263557,0.00004097155,0.0000022483587,0.00040099758,0.0003247738,0.000002193857,0.00085045566,0.047577824,0.25508624,0.64075387,0.016285509,0.038642637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003012447,0.00006020704,0.000014880734,0.000045007335,0.00015239316,0.000013832761,0.00026598305,0.0996871,0.4502624,0.05614152,0.3926399,0.00041552997],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013898657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.257193e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58461237,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004423743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029088093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42379096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402859744","doi":"10.1364/ao.536928","title":"Spatial resolution limit for a solid immersion lens","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Russian Science Foundation","keywords":"Optics; Immersion (mathematics); Lens (geology); Spatial frequency; Image resolution; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.028857721778902494,"score_gpt":0.24403254101919383,"score_spread":0.21517481924029133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402859744","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1213494,0.0015425809,0.828286,0.000279102,0.0031025913,0.0009734981,0.000046285066,0.0011425959,0.043277975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889937,0.000119472315,0.010447438,0.000028436498,0.00023148532,0.00006353855,0.00001920659,0.000046083987,0.000050622777],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993004,0.0000024575222,0.00014825689,0.00015259434,0.00014256091,0.00025373223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973685,0.000061654915,0.0000070382366,0.00012469146,0.000022528404,0.000047265246],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000108544526,0.00011779279,0.00011449843,0.0000396098,0.00005011198,0.000052494957,0.00006563223,0.0000939465,0.000018597173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009821061,0.000114461356,0.000052716867,0.000094679795,0.00001548216,0.0000528743,0.000017639,0.00010888173,0.00014239647],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022474331,0.0001736574,0.00006963861,0.0020734852,0.00057701534,0.000022980872,0.00097140356,0.270784,0.29386765,0.19641498,0.0167475,0.21807297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043665347,0.00006377824,0.00011564933,0.00008443037,0.00009210133,0.0000015411038,0.00009671798,0.927913,0.033353057,0.0014415486,0.036076523,0.00032499834],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000024539086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003072518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8676443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006821572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001185211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46675986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402966974","doi":"10.1364/ao.534791","title":"Modeling and application of a bidirectional Mach–Zehnder electro-optic modulator with enhanced high-frequency modulation efficiency","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Network Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Electro-optic modulator; Optics; Modulation (music); Phase modulation; Materials science; Optical modulator; Frequency modulation; Optoelectronics; Physics; Telecommunications; Bandwidth (computing); Phase noise; Computer science","score_opus":0.0039954184270502005,"score_gpt":0.19085869242331985,"score_spread":0.18686327399626965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402966974","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50903004,0.0002710166,0.48931107,0.000014993588,0.000039233997,0.00017888128,0.0000021472672,0.0005405808,0.00061204465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91108745,0.00008575453,0.08862176,0.0000032373073,0.000050040246,0.00008984169,0.000013197675,0.00004369165,0.000005020219],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907327,0.0000032655819,0.00023535138,0.00026817623,0.0001891238,0.0002308382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963456,0.000048927795,0.000018954404,0.00021636454,0.000043608496,0.00003758122],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000072680945,0.00017128563,0.0001748875,0.00013685072,0.000040217226,0.000034691187,0.00009358681,0.00013607138,0.0000029852317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006724654,0.00015653187,0.000020877587,0.00046742888,0.000072449846,0.00008350956,0.000024061266,0.00020502627,0.0000080034715],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006110453,0.000013203936,0.000007680568,0.000100057936,0.00003485458,4.885157e-7,0.00003963508,0.72601116,0.09430757,0.17207083,0.0000019524093,0.0074064434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012837838,0.00003862215,0.00007009937,0.000027955279,0.00003544485,0.000004470685,0.000020659454,0.9681288,0.014841054,0.016527403,0.0000027699527,0.0001743531],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000072662783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023450086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40205744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007327327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016992955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6383184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404467124","doi":"10.1364/ao.538616","title":"Miniaturized dual-photodiode sensor for simultaneous wavelength and irradiance measurement across the 500–1000  nm range","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photodiode; Optics; Irradiance; Materials science; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Range (aeronautics); Stray light; Physics","score_opus":0.01855183348439987,"score_gpt":0.26579216697535235,"score_spread":0.24724033349095248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404467124","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86439186,0.0017156667,0.10974133,0.006458351,0.0010400728,0.0048910733,0.0007332996,0.0015833427,0.009444995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9425655,0.000031295214,0.056681972,0.00010627827,0.00023604347,0.00008487537,0.00001050791,0.000048872793,0.0002346247],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985868,0.000010194163,0.00024123769,0.00042354915,0.00023924725,0.00049900345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986807,0.00071404874,0.00005445727,0.00039527006,0.000086132626,0.00006936704],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023802089,0.00025597966,0.0002590762,0.000021633825,0.0002678724,0.00018231664,0.00015529519,0.000095487856,0.000006667572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005902352,0.00018334144,0.000081817976,0.00014901948,0.00026028688,0.000041905492,0.000103671155,0.0002990228,0.000026911042],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032369007,0.00018650186,0.00004385745,0.0002316231,0.000632716,0.000048159283,0.0025490476,0.0019940748,0.03926737,0.46249896,0.0012760839,0.4909479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0069705537,0.0004728677,0.00026002183,0.00040577044,0.00077839283,0.000046200155,0.009370933,0.27363187,0.14234926,0.19020261,0.37226284,0.0032486732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007319758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000505864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48769924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005476381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003279366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7476447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404906652","doi":"10.1364/ao.542501","title":"Multiplexed biosensors based on interference of surface plasmons in multimode nanoslits","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Optics; Surface plasmon; Interference (communication); Multiplexing; Plasmon; Materials science; Biosensor; Surface plasmon polariton; Optoelectronics; Physics; Nanotechnology; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.017583993961851146,"score_gpt":0.24453746018902675,"score_spread":0.2269534662271756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404906652","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852418,0.00012109391,0.0013088272,0.000060856502,0.00021396588,0.0002808388,0.00007922805,0.00026658407,0.012426861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9768309,0.00006925711,0.02290132,0.000011911061,0.0000032287571,0.000015612024,0.00001492585,0.00004699636,0.0001058542],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874014,0.000018343593,0.00031566437,0.00026602682,0.00026894908,0.00039090434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989188,0.00067265646,0.000015041554,0.0002796596,0.00002389775,0.00008996226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020481923,0.00021318105,0.00026495132,0.00020962214,0.000020250716,0.00003596282,0.00022733271,0.00015724052,0.000030654737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000439236,0.00020677023,0.00005490075,0.0004502854,0.00007194963,0.000041585914,0.000038085644,0.00045142742,0.0001477728],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051286108,0.00005376903,0.00023165274,0.0001881827,0.000023338205,0.000024790068,0.00023211823,0.889444,0.1063281,0.0026964245,0.0001974965,0.00052886445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037467995,0.000030791678,0.00031367323,0.00013090661,0.0000051186025,5.496518e-7,0.00010653434,0.86059505,0.13801587,0.000039088914,0.00021294095,0.00017481658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002341564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049963994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03168777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009522909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000576236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84318453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405314943","doi":"10.1364/ao.535013","title":"Frequency multiplexing in millimeter-wave over fiber fronthaul transmission links with an InAs/InP quantum dash mode-locked laser","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Multiplexing; Extremely high frequency; Optoelectronics; Transmission (telecommunications); Laser; Fiber laser; Dash; Materials science; Wavelength-division multiplexing; Physics; Telecommunications; Computer science; Wavelength","score_opus":0.01837848069449294,"score_gpt":0.2500380266283019,"score_spread":0.23165954593380894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405314943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8663998,0.0016028112,0.103823744,0.00006077014,0.0002697096,0.0011495926,0.00006769375,0.0012071056,0.025418717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9381139,0.00013152981,0.06113985,0.00003032926,0.00004995875,0.00013150409,0.00008670474,0.00012704247,0.00018914511],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986154,0.000028486467,0.00042623037,0.00034517937,0.00023477469,0.00034993867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891895,0.00014519224,0.000034903136,0.00075096753,0.000026493648,0.0001234871],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013172888,0.00029376193,0.00029689958,0.0001510657,0.000056351324,0.0000734818,0.00025622756,0.0003512155,0.00014915143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000040693258,0.00027320214,0.000038315673,0.0003130417,0.000045003333,0.00018948388,0.000034288692,0.0009994877,0.00006315992],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014356463,0.00023154542,0.00014912074,0.00094930624,0.00027252635,0.00015880907,0.012384491,0.7568982,0.16348147,0.007638221,0.0003784735,0.05731423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000816184,0.000055076365,0.00011433647,0.00031545872,0.000026862872,0.000011984047,0.00031218908,0.9679162,0.01977516,0.0015652564,0.008565193,0.00052612333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059639373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000105719744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21101794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019005097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038965376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406144532","doi":"10.1364/ao.546704","title":"Calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy approach for practical logging measurements of methane slip from natural gas engines","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Methane; Optics; Natural gas; Wavelength; Spectroscopy; Calibration; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Materials science; Physics; Geology; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.027489333490651864,"score_gpt":0.2943602779418779,"score_spread":0.26687094445122606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406144532","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13243788,0.0001079729,0.83082074,0.0007943661,0.00017062676,0.00079257786,0.0001522692,0.00021456422,0.034508973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.67955965,0.000007544114,0.31937554,0.000055845423,0.00015236367,0.00019874863,0.0005117617,0.0000203599,0.00011816807],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986603,0.00001095725,0.0004012676,0.00038642643,0.0002770423,0.00026400556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871784,0.00034531235,0.00017080472,0.00061176077,0.000100666,0.000053635944],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017015668,0.00020442663,0.00028164854,0.00006982492,0.00009440731,0.00003952726,0.00027011798,0.00016148583,0.000053615084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017335855,0.0002100677,0.00008306915,0.00019710972,0.000058962272,0.0000947368,0.00007086016,0.00023474949,0.0000016464478],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018823687,0.0002644734,0.00027481542,0.00017742591,0.00021990955,1.6045063e-7,0.00012298669,0.001506399,0.9214161,0.07438166,0.0007363845,0.0007114712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008981765,0.000007780101,0.00007871418,0.000013086571,0.00015036081,4.0302754e-7,0.00015642362,0.25689316,0.7274377,0.014096653,0.0001195038,0.00014804208],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024500836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007115927,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54712176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000094100025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013680317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8566312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406311702","doi":"10.1364/ao.549955","title":"Design and analysis of a linear astigmatism-free confocal off-axis reflective collimator for aerial applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nexen (Canada)","funders":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","keywords":"Optics; Astigmatism; Collimator; Stray light; Confocal; Refractive index; Physics; Materials science","score_opus":0.03352897657368815,"score_gpt":0.3058126249974311,"score_spread":0.272283648423743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406311702","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00078702206,0.00003931936,0.9930987,0.00017799255,0.000033102955,0.0009884376,0.000016062668,0.00009774982,0.004761657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2153308,0.000026167903,0.78395987,0.00010474051,0.000015138678,0.0005186985,0.0000057532006,0.000004660065,0.000034206343],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909437,0.00001974485,0.00029840076,0.0002801275,0.00014574298,0.00016159688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988129,0.00034961547,0.00009509056,0.00046833244,0.00022488444,0.0000491628],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030987433,0.00011640522,0.00030770391,0.0002332217,0.00009350203,0.00005876399,0.0005360581,0.00008735167,0.0000028689744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000076970704,0.00011031922,0.0000595742,0.00084978965,0.00010885322,0.00007148486,0.00017933661,0.000069293485,0.0000011333084],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066940025,0.000082893675,0.000028013244,0.000032124866,0.0003395888,8.373145e-8,0.00015315093,0.00012844038,0.02503923,0.9648422,0.0002781772,0.009009127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013982214,0.00056093844,0.00045519733,0.00005011743,0.0011428593,4.663191e-7,0.00009289152,0.69248414,0.17032224,0.13061322,0.0024595812,0.00042012188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002439479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022677864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.834229,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003221092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008269648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4498687},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406349438","doi":"10.1364/ao.549699","title":"Key considerations for effective optical excitation of low-temperature-grown gallium arsenide terahertz emitters","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Gallium arsenide; Terahertz radiation; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Optics; Excitation; Gallium; Indium gallium arsenide; Terahertz spectroscopy and technology; Physics","score_opus":0.004699202935819431,"score_gpt":0.21882585297666832,"score_spread":0.21412665004084888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406349438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86185455,0.00010755362,0.11601437,0.001136824,0.0003531218,0.0020770093,0.0000630566,0.0007035537,0.017689936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9574308,0.000012905584,0.041366976,0.0001975183,0.000035725207,0.00082572846,0.000035307745,0.000022678847,0.00007239323],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992673,0.000006748125,0.0002793933,0.0001904681,0.00006381188,0.00019228728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899566,0.0005892497,0.00003361103,0.00026882003,0.00007957182,0.00003305645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008071666,0.00015676559,0.00020994911,0.00012402055,0.000104369414,0.000026729893,0.00010130163,0.00022927775,0.000006272587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007136005,0.00016865823,0.00006115013,0.00021237148,0.0001181525,0.000046390538,0.000021031427,0.0002039012,0.000009963019],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014822488,0.0000547633,0.00003009739,0.00013043583,0.00010847019,5.531575e-7,0.00021059804,0.0026018664,0.38155296,0.6097283,0.0021189798,0.003448191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014747237,0.000056539462,0.0030665596,0.00008953232,0.00015973765,0.00000440535,0.00024153347,0.010466948,0.8801136,0.09852608,0.005379015,0.00042130402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.015898e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006127256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51120216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043860913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024615443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6877683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406636773","doi":"10.1364/ao.544390","title":"Polarization enhancement of contrast through a water surface","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"Montana State University; Lockheed Martin; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Optics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.006378721013681955,"score_gpt":0.21407662855830248,"score_spread":0.20769790754462053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406636773","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20474727,0.00009513787,0.6794643,0.00011027236,0.0002843445,0.00020145395,0.0000056609892,0.00013000463,0.11496154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98839414,0.000042181473,0.010801901,0.00013732229,0.000014229362,0.000003189506,0.000027964214,0.0000123239215,0.00056673394],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994631,0.0000034832876,0.00020425988,0.00008307635,0.00008940779,0.0001567181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997781,0.000022149048,0.000011327298,0.00013386967,0.000032626056,0.000021964906],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005018216,0.000085791005,0.00012811976,0.000033254302,0.000027116488,0.000014851182,0.00007093318,0.00007422436,0.00004936628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005517384,0.00007443835,0.000020811613,0.00019060621,0.000030367348,0.000041936048,0.000022672031,0.000077455195,0.00006674739],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009607407,0.00006487634,0.00017708732,0.00016145119,0.000075033975,2.409482e-7,0.00025767318,0.025659064,0.74892896,0.2237391,0.00032065867,0.00060622895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037858973,0.000011678845,0.000113467235,0.000015617601,0.000029321685,1.1129615e-7,0.00006979182,0.019002529,0.9746569,0.0023871837,0.0032146121,0.00012020447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000020984153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.471613e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7836469,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023041972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000071542645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30355078},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406896608","doi":"10.1364/ao.549564","title":"Investigations on the measurement of freeform optical wavefront using a holo-shear lens","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cybernet Systems Corporation (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Wavefront; Lens (geology); Shear (geology); Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.032348832950532896,"score_gpt":0.21697432937472338,"score_spread":0.1846254964241905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406896608","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78651154,0.00010365991,0.02850173,0.0011958545,0.00032567375,0.0006893493,0.000010340484,0.00032727697,0.18233457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908021,0.00000893582,0.008983686,0.00011657661,0.000025978634,0.000031394244,0.000001104269,0.000014964762,0.000015252705],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921936,0.0000050485983,0.00026053298,0.0001151267,0.00019570754,0.00020425572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994922,0.000062540625,0.000022397146,0.00034191867,0.000047269506,0.000033663713],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020271432,0.000117924385,0.00017785527,0.00006692078,0.00006412726,0.000013835209,0.00016189915,0.00012919748,0.000007954535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049139147,0.00008532118,0.00004018231,0.00021433692,0.00013438387,0.000017213442,0.000044893008,0.00021990192,0.000016988393],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000040569494,0.000027912314,0.000022904685,0.00006307972,0.000071668816,7.1962256e-7,0.00005508827,0.020991921,0.03046447,0.9472098,0.00041596557,0.00067245716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012329707,0.00019283971,0.0014212694,0.0005076703,0.00030368494,0.0000054356024,0.0011917907,0.5215831,0.41657338,0.04060025,0.015661346,0.0007262712],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000094103125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010198421,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9066095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001143109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000296865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3479297},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407948888","doi":"10.1364/ao.557518","title":"Laser damage of UV hafnia-based multilayer dielectric coatings at 355  nm wavelength","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Fusion Energy Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Hafnia; Laser; Dielectric; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Optical coating; Coating; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Ceramic","score_opus":0.006203733571374303,"score_gpt":0.21448819221601606,"score_spread":0.20828445864464176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407948888","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9233893,0.00004474342,0.034500226,0.00006111856,0.00020965094,0.00043063023,0.000025055744,0.001403029,0.039936244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9583583,0.000015302665,0.04104815,0.00014124319,0.00002925739,0.000047589805,0.000020640062,0.00005057791,0.00028896745],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999035,0.000008480097,0.0003148552,0.00018992234,0.0001460413,0.0003057063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940366,0.00009449996,0.00006248482,0.00034001694,0.00005622345,0.00004309915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014113112,0.00020512243,0.00026436243,0.00013983705,0.000067623754,0.000033242362,0.0002466102,0.00015623093,0.000029400011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002901368,0.00020760871,0.00004072668,0.00034209903,0.00004586264,0.000043503147,0.00010121182,0.00015777948,0.000022454999],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000102594946,0.00016407072,0.00028443296,0.0015824661,0.0000961279,0.000009893588,0.0002735869,0.013724622,0.95158136,0.008690619,0.008234219,0.015256032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040661797,0.000018206072,0.0001537264,0.000052802898,0.000036222555,2.3474814e-7,0.0000083088025,0.13013195,0.8673249,0.00065215357,0.001021053,0.00019383193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008167268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005362649,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11640732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010313459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034363697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84660375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408331616","doi":"10.1364/ao.562075","title":"Optical Science and Photonics in Africa: introduction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Society of Intestinal Research","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Photonics; Physics","score_opus":0.009741668871567268,"score_gpt":0.26142219640244135,"score_spread":0.2516805275308741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408331616","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9028696,0.00040065465,0.004049864,0.002284436,0.0003856638,0.00048372988,0.0000053442423,0.000017979317,0.089502774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865674,0.0005603983,0.012062338,0.00022512375,0.00010601557,0.000018634897,0.000013251745,0.000005795511,0.00044107815],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891406,0.0000062199056,0.00019481806,0.00027183065,0.00027745328,0.0003355999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994782,0.000015034314,0.000022526467,0.00025798584,0.00012628819,0.000099959645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006815529,0.000089768895,0.00009749332,0.000140327,0.00008087382,0.000052067844,0.00021589918,0.0001226366,0.0000036750519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041535808,0.00008359132,0.0000143788775,0.00039641454,0.00071530574,0.000003201845,0.00030795534,0.0001348023,0.0000073017163],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011741217,0.0001551654,0.00029919588,0.00010259488,0.000023160388,0.0000018305238,0.00016585583,0.000057168014,0.90690285,0.034907855,0.005312642,0.051954266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015752988,0.00033497697,0.0039290865,0.00002080832,0.000024585335,0.000009165208,0.0010322288,0.005438259,0.80219,0.003985376,0.18104695,0.0004132833],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000018545156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007877644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17573431,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031090145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026840265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34087554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408504619","doi":"10.1364/ao.555970","title":"Inverse design of polymer-based polarization-insensitive wavelength demultiplexers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Materials science; Wavelength; Inverse; Refractive index; Optoelectronics; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.01015149534349813,"score_gpt":0.20766520882950398,"score_spread":0.19751371348600585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408504619","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11784428,0.00022253848,0.8049736,0.00011487967,0.00035091944,0.00070252613,0.000038949485,0.0004679532,0.07528438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97236556,0.000024313553,0.027231496,0.00024433018,0.000011641921,0.000012267273,0.000014948172,0.000019222707,0.00007619611],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993508,0.000010888501,0.00021089378,0.00012580155,0.00010720043,0.00019442431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994626,0.0002358155,0.000027525448,0.00017896562,0.00004073956,0.000054376775],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007675087,0.0001352464,0.00018787842,0.00010078521,0.000037497262,0.000011327214,0.00010693591,0.00010824538,0.000011677772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025869826,0.00014029961,0.000036598005,0.00030369734,0.00007598413,0.000030282223,0.000019694467,0.00011931141,0.000017641158],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012432813,0.00013422496,0.00022498581,0.00035793238,0.00032406335,0.000008290725,0.00040188886,0.42196047,0.2999648,0.2697634,0.00039198753,0.006343625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042358442,0.000011235754,0.00017072736,0.000024345532,0.000044788663,1.6052677e-7,0.00011850585,0.71396345,0.28472906,0.0003082394,0.000082574355,0.00012329627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000814436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036245735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8545213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039442184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006385141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57212526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410976874","doi":"10.1364/ao.563140","title":"Petal orbital angular momentum multiplexing holography for two-dimensional optical encryption","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Optics; Holography; Angular momentum; Orbital angular momentum multiplexing; Multiplexing; Physics; Encryption; Optical vortex; Total angular momentum quantum number; Orbital angular momentum of light; Computer science; Telecommunications; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.006948494684561428,"score_gpt":0.2511131329091081,"score_spread":0.24416463822454665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410976874","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85970515,0.00006863163,0.094065785,0.00026933814,0.0007291204,0.0011138283,0.00013754514,0.00013972264,0.043770872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9454882,4.3302464e-7,0.05297684,0.00009651017,0.0003402915,0.00021839059,0.00034847972,0.00003573583,0.00049512944],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983463,0.000012793904,0.0004075155,0.00045875326,0.00024856615,0.0005260554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991647,0.00017111877,0.000103036924,0.00033832702,0.000107915104,0.0001149302],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019407163,0.00030073128,0.00030893856,0.00017115899,0.00024789764,0.000095193165,0.00022869601,0.00008805021,0.00008155538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001157689,0.0003077997,0.00024648607,0.00030428052,0.00017640197,0.00009734447,0.00019393221,0.00023582617,0.00004691268],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009535652,0.0005518607,0.0013761722,0.000043358603,0.00030174528,0.0000044128924,0.00008832519,0.0041363556,0.04099642,0.948012,0.0007645287,0.0036294847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.019718226,0.00078592985,0.0044641127,0.00022567995,0.001253512,0.000015411199,0.003404447,0.09672959,0.30225438,0.56045383,0.007066426,0.003628457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008393662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.4445567e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38755813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046355697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061552266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999374},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411579574","doi":"10.1364/ao.564088","title":"Integrated mid-infrared broadband frequency conversion and evanescent sensing on a multimode chalcogenide rod platform","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Conseil régional de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Optics; Chalcogenide; Broadband; Multi-mode optical fiber; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Infrared; Evanescent wave; Chalcogenide glass; Optical fiber; Physics","score_opus":0.009714709931566383,"score_gpt":0.22437396293448636,"score_spread":0.21465925300291996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411579574","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93753767,0.00004653108,0.011732695,0.00032003972,0.00017187222,0.00041315783,0.000028863027,0.00021382536,0.04953537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98462003,0.000014586452,0.014694469,0.00013312572,0.000044757588,0.00000958221,0.000039627303,0.000015752461,0.00042804418],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896175,0.0000057063635,0.00024128695,0.00034217318,0.00012642318,0.0003226461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994227,0.00010696785,0.000066274835,0.00027875567,0.000057058154,0.00006819851],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006424375,0.00024611497,0.0002655227,0.00010687082,0.00016393376,0.00006975796,0.00013182967,0.00012646712,0.00002844439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000147215305,0.00020690904,0.000055307457,0.00020242138,0.00014604247,0.000052860403,0.00011685432,0.0003133999,0.00003437008],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034241844,0.00063248025,0.0034042492,0.00019072753,0.00048902864,0.000028222088,0.00064666505,0.00074122235,0.14350592,0.5531854,0.0012626578,0.295571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00903868,0.0004318311,0.0019316993,0.00070566824,0.00054785906,0.0000071376307,0.012413366,0.116301015,0.62990487,0.219771,0.006880858,0.0020660001],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005361546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012606866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48639897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048186706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004856621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8437506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411580635","doi":"10.1364/ao.562915","title":"Near-infrared multi-spectral imaging with Bayer-filter color cameras: a single-exposure approach for soot and temperature diagnostics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Optics; Infrared; Soot; Materials science; Spectral imaging; Filter (signal processing); Spatial filter; Hyperspectral imaging; Physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Combustion","score_opus":0.008629136741153672,"score_gpt":0.20505543352506916,"score_spread":0.1964262967839155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411580635","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5988876,0.0077659157,0.36803496,0.0004465012,0.00047495664,0.0043449947,0.0003146465,0.0011425475,0.018587865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8318247,0.00021694179,0.16707423,0.00019273296,0.00006923266,0.0004238431,0.000037087815,0.00006935282,0.00009182558],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998872,0.000009068291,0.00023135857,0.0003384419,0.000115253475,0.00043388482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993529,0.00025276007,0.000015742238,0.00022802543,0.00007399559,0.00007660778],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006775712,0.0003397634,0.00036809017,0.000075344935,0.00022573602,0.00015804738,0.00012258855,0.000096218224,0.0000014340415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027475146,0.00030541027,0.00004274278,0.00023831526,0.00017128175,0.00007255217,0.00002934246,0.0002830961,0.0000011692044],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019431888,0.0030535848,0.1450538,0.011255864,0.008493438,0.0002237622,0.04015897,0.38137114,0.24320246,0.093200736,0.045649193,0.026393866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.020938782,0.00083023054,0.08956188,0.00046031113,0.0015328492,0.00005601405,0.007452613,0.804655,0.057854272,0.0007868514,0.012064202,0.00380697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000021262242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001666829,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4232839,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000079926736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035939353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412084686","doi":"10.1364/ao.568796","title":"Optical constants of nontransparent materials from reflectance and Brillouin spectroscopic data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Optics; Molar absorptivity; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Germanium; Brillouin zone; Brillouin scattering; Attenuation coefficient; Reflectivity; Brillouin Spectroscopy; Wavelength; Spectroscopy; Silicon; Optoelectronics; Optical fiber; Physics","score_opus":0.022077934842272648,"score_gpt":0.2894874696479881,"score_spread":0.26740953480571544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412084686","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9814116,0.00013846712,0.0036689183,0.00020137915,0.00021578046,0.00021637796,0.00029484753,0.000037877766,0.013814779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.932155,0.000056813,0.06747429,0.00015761763,0.00004539275,0.0000068342642,0.00004148127,0.000009421528,0.00005316186],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866396,0.00001760593,0.00043222128,0.0004383905,0.00018899461,0.0002588133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989989,0.00022518197,0.000105747036,0.0005636289,0.000042771553,0.00006378596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026879684,0.00014814324,0.00036795303,0.000027383874,0.00007167274,0.00010080547,0.00038357428,0.000084598985,0.00014822814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010611414,0.00013130778,0.000011770921,0.00011150708,0.00028036212,0.00007296298,0.00028360373,0.00007944692,0.000025491448],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005291234,0.000033214903,0.00011796978,0.00004591824,0.000009288187,0.0000017294443,0.000051287978,0.0000017741893,0.87338454,0.1258907,0.0000940855,0.00031660375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005065288,0.000041391286,0.0011753857,0.00009443762,0.00006113124,5.56059e-7,0.00007014738,0.00016811534,0.98876804,0.008804025,0.00016899765,0.00014124234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038924285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026941094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11708667,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015781769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005098456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5354576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412907787","doi":"10.1364/ao.566395","title":"Enhancing spectral uniformity in full-spectrum white LEDs using an SiO <sub>2</sub> aerogel encapsulant","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Advanced Micro Devices (Canada)","funders":"National Science and Technology Council","keywords":"Phosphor; Materials science; Luminous efficacy; Luminous flux; Light-emitting diode; Color temperature; Color rendering index; Optoelectronics; Aerogel; Optics; Composite material","score_opus":0.011337657365240433,"score_gpt":0.23794310462275606,"score_spread":0.22660544725751564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412907787","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904862,0.000016019865,0.00542158,0.000035835772,0.00031763042,0.0003287954,0.000032214633,0.000050014936,0.0033116846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99744266,0.0000042119264,0.0020431904,0.000093180075,0.00027319163,0.000019565998,0.000074624666,0.000029500256,0.000019888274],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984269,0.000030423887,0.0004607257,0.00039312008,0.00014200284,0.000546816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930537,0.000032188473,0.00014027745,0.0003883698,0.00002903088,0.00010478541],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026064838,0.00028090383,0.0003846166,0.00014343296,0.00013415403,0.00013237119,0.00019494988,0.00009474748,0.00007330019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002202918,0.0002869589,0.00007592721,0.00030718886,0.000045769386,0.00014779581,0.00009425505,0.00023934917,0.000021949263],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028920345,0.00014779596,0.002652455,0.000038452567,0.000035978705,0.000004171263,0.00024021379,0.0017005886,0.9493376,0.045333307,0.0000097719785,0.0004707157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007621069,0.000036783258,0.001512471,0.00006680425,0.00006127491,0.000001342411,0.0008515829,0.0026093682,0.9823763,0.011286111,0.000065247565,0.00037065236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000119946475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022078093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034047198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008950112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016817637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413041277","doi":"10.1364/ao.570670","title":"Performance loss and recovery of virtually imaged phased arrays with imperfect mirror parallelism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Antenna Design and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Optics; Parallelism (grammar); Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Parallel computing","score_opus":0.00411091302608792,"score_gpt":0.18141548875157917,"score_spread":0.17730457572549124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413041277","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7202715,0.00011782771,0.26530814,0.00001960101,0.00006346897,0.00023466468,0.0000050042695,0.00011578996,0.013863958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96452564,0.0005304452,0.034719516,0.000043908418,0.00000906317,0.000016927994,0.000009826933,0.000019275783,0.0001254007],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995071,0.0000047554427,0.00015736521,0.00011715421,0.00007345315,0.0001401299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997216,0.000041621624,0.000028455404,0.0001453078,0.000033354572,0.000029670271],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007256454,0.00012475012,0.00016665515,0.00006867134,0.00003990183,0.000017518289,0.000069040565,0.000063129526,0.000006954945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048491156,0.00011176657,0.000017161568,0.00016124797,0.000061477185,0.000070504015,0.000009927875,0.000097441014,0.0000033548934],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012765614,0.00018546387,0.0024962188,0.0014727283,0.0005466625,0.000013445295,0.0016805645,0.28055704,0.67747706,0.012145808,0.0006336858,0.021514751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0050017326,0.000420556,0.005523155,0.0002710198,0.00023560306,0.000012964086,0.00039182155,0.84106636,0.1453126,0.00042242275,0.0005177072,0.00082404545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015908516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014969044,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5605093,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016526887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021323667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45577085},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414937336","doi":"10.1364/ao.575022","title":"Measurement and simulation of wavefront deformation induced by a high-power CW laser in thin-film optical filters","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alpha Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Wavefront; Metrology; Laser; Interferometry; Wavefront sensor; Adaptive optics; Optical path length; Thermal; Optical path","score_opus":0.007464781327847873,"score_gpt":0.20158255716026519,"score_spread":0.19411777583241732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414937336","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9687646,0.00006511363,0.024721494,0.00008270399,0.00010676129,0.000296662,0.0000040718464,0.00009446415,0.0058641555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985594,0.000007357803,0.0013551604,0.000025736745,0.0000054664815,0.000025452793,0.0000049066643,0.000010337787,0.0000061428714],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925584,0.000006277969,0.0003164126,0.00011097431,0.00015070399,0.00015976597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997278,0.000034872373,0.000027158258,0.00014556422,0.00003360294,0.000031022013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017629376,0.00010865181,0.00019044809,0.00009561736,0.000016822121,0.000013422075,0.00006472544,0.00017587129,0.0000046022415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025760555,0.00010310712,0.00001508314,0.00014851142,0.000026759239,0.00004973251,0.000026477286,0.00014872753,0.0000044139333],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005943417,0.00016219071,0.00025682148,0.00042726367,0.000118756136,0.0000014216745,0.00047040547,0.7596314,0.14022729,0.09159778,0.0003501604,0.0066970917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018764883,0.000107016145,0.004603384,0.00015626336,0.000048869642,5.777506e-7,0.00046347117,0.88083917,0.10827759,0.0023725007,0.0008975957,0.00035707367],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012466253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015474783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12120779,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009609709,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000898772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42045864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415966738","doi":"10.1364/ao.577764","title":"2025 OIC Manufacturing “Road Runner” Challenge [Invited]","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Transmittance; Filter (signal processing); Optical coating; Optical filter; Coating; Ranging; Interference (communication)","score_opus":0.0124474507313265,"score_gpt":0.24826271546729436,"score_spread":0.23581526473596787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415966738","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8196752,0.00010379921,0.00084805,0.0018772975,0.00039977953,0.00025583524,0.000005558201,0.00020452034,0.17662998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801438,0.000045349138,0.016297773,0.001430948,0.00014222015,0.0000450599,0.000007796047,0.000020003157,0.0018670509],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985994,0.000014133415,0.00032234256,0.0004106796,0.0002254689,0.00042798402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992084,0.00011763185,0.00015686324,0.00038678374,0.000040417097,0.00008990699],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000283176,0.00020127064,0.00024571887,0.00007641368,0.00022398027,0.00015982927,0.00035452683,0.00013400152,0.00022378145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008277955,0.00018084174,0.000053531312,0.00014510081,0.000098293276,0.00007260408,0.00025137715,0.00020995399,0.00067999645],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047654885,0.00019657772,0.00005684859,0.00025752856,0.000026570688,0.000014150892,0.00041320454,0.00024243617,0.6552544,0.30512682,0.0035427385,0.03482103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009812736,0.000099751735,0.0010917196,0.00011867408,0.00008544241,0.0000021784094,0.000495851,0.0014322862,0.93929213,0.030386375,0.025356624,0.00065768004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026544709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011730442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2840377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004097792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002984086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8740205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415999299","doi":"10.1364/ao.581804","title":"High-sensitivity nanometamaterial near-infrared biosensor for label-free early cancer detection via exosomal biomarkers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Research Ireland; European Commission; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; Research Executive Agency; HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions; University of Galway; Irish Research eLibrary","keywords":"Biosensor; Metamaterial; Permittivity; Dielectric; Electric field; Polarization (electrochemistry); Plasmon; Attenuation; Absorption (acoustics)","score_opus":0.010043375107123062,"score_gpt":0.2295983294214386,"score_spread":0.21955495431431554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415999299","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776137,0.00006709031,0.018463086,0.00007868946,0.0011920095,0.0006159499,0.00024392882,0.00033225087,0.0013933262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97098583,0.00006376973,0.028301205,0.000029911862,0.000037223606,0.00020150223,0.000024398838,0.000047023652,0.00030916082],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871933,0.000021114087,0.0002601842,0.0002842848,0.00019761045,0.0005174734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920094,0.00022856385,0.000032502223,0.00036950872,0.00007294357,0.000095519186],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022946169,0.00023596962,0.00030298377,0.00012706657,0.0001900598,0.00013467298,0.00018226785,0.00023135793,0.000016995007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045932564,0.0002492362,0.00006497418,0.0003673949,0.0000967221,0.000078955956,0.00009009417,0.00017433362,0.00003149855],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005243675,0.000050979852,0.00019446897,0.00022613653,0.00048592218,0.000009587807,0.0000748425,0.011302337,0.97574556,0.0014459153,0.001076905,0.0088629555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003063063,0.00006433861,0.0046429834,0.000028221206,0.00010082449,0.00000224109,0.000036230613,0.27685347,0.7106152,0.0009005852,0.003223577,0.00046924056],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011805259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013507684,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26555115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015224409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000603661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416083229","doi":"10.1364/ao.576961","title":"Ultrashort pulse identification based on a temporal-frequency dual-domain recognition algorithm","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Dissipative soliton; Soliton; Ultrashort pulse; Pulse shaping; Fiber laser; Laser; Saturable absorption; Dispersion (optics); Pulse (music)","score_opus":0.008519502752364844,"score_gpt":0.2422711406081925,"score_spread":0.23375163785582764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416083229","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04801167,0.000009113121,0.86304927,0.00048193353,0.00019299527,0.0007455545,0.00018263367,0.0005246225,0.086802185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.859865,0.0000022479107,0.13895857,0.000118390206,0.00006364194,0.00027351535,0.0005039463,0.000021073305,0.00019359645],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888015,0.000013880534,0.0003099513,0.00036342302,0.00019531189,0.000237276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991664,0.000086216576,0.0001235357,0.0004903931,0.00009986226,0.000033589426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001597125,0.00019214793,0.00017029977,0.00015042118,0.00013453989,0.000054939406,0.00016630864,0.000094158124,0.000047220845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015351196,0.00020186034,0.00005862975,0.00040950088,0.0000815972,0.000082818835,0.00003100272,0.00024805655,0.00012276402],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041654544,0.00058886496,0.002801844,0.000044669883,0.00011847017,0.000006609428,0.00008691293,0.0008010867,0.02688999,0.25538325,0.0017698923,0.7114667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015356198,0.000070600494,0.001981181,0.00009110357,0.00010252185,4.5974392e-7,0.0011740562,0.0076111937,0.2243745,0.7608411,0.0015356512,0.00068205065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013393893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000155659,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81185335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000076820485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000064097316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82316256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}