{"meta":{"query_hash":"3dd1ab5a1b22","filters":{"venue":"Applied Solar Energy"},"cohort_total":7,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"exported":7,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/3dd1ab5a1b22","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Applied+Solar+Energy"},"results":[{"id":"W2071437125","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x0904001x","title":"Evaluation of exergy and energy efficiencies of photothermal solar radiation conversion","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Photothermal therapy; Radiation; Solar energy; Exergy; Solar energy conversion; Radiant energy; Energy technology; Energy transformation; Environmental science; Optics; Materials science; Nuclear engineering; Optoelectronics; Engineering physics; Process engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.01417793461555148,"score_gpt":0.22187503389568722,"score_spread":0.20769709928013574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071437125","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9565891,0.0021073823,0.0039368076,0.000023438326,0.000267905,0.0001414026,0.000012062392,0.0000799814,0.036841925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992016,0.00018079688,0.000098946104,0.00016398761,0.00009665413,0.000028144364,0.000046677327,0.000025695199,0.00015751697],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99779266,0.00023203394,0.00051172485,0.00033317535,0.000854981,0.00027544374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987511,0.000099935554,0.0004604021,0.00035366326,0.00024331232,0.00009155377],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009912286,0.00023453886,0.00041470074,0.00017847997,0.00009890227,0.000015479827,0.00019360447,0.00021494628,0.00017857547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045354398,0.00022171173,0.00009827905,0.00029343992,0.000112813,0.00010963313,0.00003612517,0.00006825571,0.000003645731],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015055708,0.00013861342,0.000106364445,0.000024406438,0.00008466734,8.9539157e-7,0.000718803,0.0058737774,0.6979287,0.064001374,0.000072129005,0.23089968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019188127,0.00023412607,0.002322926,0.00003671438,0.00016889616,0.000008423187,0.00030966406,0.021486633,0.951196,0.0051108673,0.016895171,0.00031175005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047807335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001464377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2532673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006824557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000094374445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9041142},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799702410","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x18010115","title":"Investigation of Solar Cooling Cogeneration Plant","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Solar Energy","topic":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Cogeneration; Environmental science; Solar energy; Process engineering; Engineering; Electricity generation; Physics; Power (physics); Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.00887591031366833,"score_gpt":0.1851608019149684,"score_spread":0.17628489160130006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2799702410","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2995542,0.00031704188,0.69057626,0.000007175379,0.0004977735,0.000054664786,0.000014010552,0.00021096862,0.008767901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989061,0.00004105747,0.0004963207,0.00005017842,0.00032924628,0.000010609485,0.00008340278,0.000024714765,0.000058407873],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993466,0.000011864361,0.00024029387,0.00012116997,0.00012293563,0.00015709798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968475,0.0000137450525,0.000045829493,0.00016299043,0.000038950027,0.000053738808],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010526701,0.00011438415,0.0001669992,0.000062528925,0.000068111476,0.000014370166,0.000099609584,0.00008990112,0.000026870539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023634552,0.0001130913,0.000041340743,0.00011006964,0.00006180829,0.000040759674,0.000012672849,0.000049481107,0.00001990627],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000618992,0.0000134071925,0.00016311028,0.00007605118,0.00024708555,0.0000020554428,0.001558158,0.026388984,0.87187445,0.08442023,0.0025691208,0.012625472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039357122,0.000055202938,0.00012537734,0.00004994553,0.00006665476,0.000006223283,0.00024952568,0.42925042,0.55872846,0.0024960462,0.008211485,0.00036707535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000101753234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006419347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69935185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020118416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015609814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46117294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362514067","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x22060093","title":"Novel Hybrid Photovoltaic Array Arrangement to Mitigate Partial Shading Effects","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shading; Photovoltaic system; Optics; Environmental science; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.009689001994454376,"score_gpt":0.21423183656430586,"score_spread":0.20454283456985148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362514067","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.040453367,0.00016469203,0.89502174,0.00018739955,0.0014961759,0.0016147743,0.00008890902,0.0022529287,0.058720026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802772,0.000009736962,0.009977796,0.0032209146,0.0002701976,0.00505816,0.0001757306,0.00016010487,0.00085019297],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99693024,0.00013963255,0.00056693575,0.00083418767,0.0007761977,0.00075277506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850523,0.0001229947,0.00021237187,0.00079163385,0.000060867977,0.00030690857],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004994429,0.00042594888,0.00049974234,0.00033504795,0.0005996852,0.00008965149,0.00064000493,0.000076536024,0.0006128377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038795974,0.0004923732,0.0001628391,0.0006491761,0.00004354998,0.000096976226,0.00038889755,0.00024873702,0.000083078885],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000083047395,0.00015887071,0.000015287931,0.000025890602,0.00010369624,0.000021414733,0.00030882878,0.042512048,0.9255691,0.02261484,0.00477036,0.0038166281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006459905,0.000099439465,0.000010103329,0.000014706108,0.000028733022,0.000019931844,0.00008573139,0.002404437,0.69460034,0.000797456,0.3008625,0.00043059987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002373958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015266128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9398238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046990102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007433316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997528},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385816121","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x2360011x","title":"Thermal Sensibility Analysis of Photoelectric Dark Current","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Dark current; Photoelectric effect; Saturation current; Saturation (graph theory); Equivalent series resistance; Photovoltaics; Photovoltaic system; Current (fluid); Optoelectronics; Optics; Photovoltaic effect; Voltage; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Computational physics; Detector; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.014658254293391041,"score_gpt":0.2536743637420581,"score_spread":0.23901610944866705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385816121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79815865,0.00033192642,0.085541464,0.000027802158,0.00038744236,0.0004988153,0.00007102858,0.0030445617,0.11193829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987276,0.00013931324,0.00044233422,0.00006044687,0.000045468092,0.00012696977,0.00028762355,0.00004200545,0.00012822484],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980932,0.00012197428,0.0005521397,0.00046023316,0.00041040138,0.00036207816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986151,0.00014546869,0.00023834717,0.0007821854,0.0001313351,0.000087555025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046501865,0.00021728674,0.0005466934,0.0008764942,0.000079652855,0.000018876979,0.00028730853,0.00013780611,0.00014723706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000435911,0.00021140995,0.0002490727,0.0051509175,0.00006270498,0.00005197394,0.000106448555,0.00010905436,0.000033017222],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009264472,0.00022790345,0.0006841665,0.000053189568,0.0017777551,0.0000057499287,0.00056035904,0.23493734,0.57504183,0.05576678,0.0020329105,0.12881935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040729527,0.000037210502,0.002834233,0.000010794069,0.00063052087,5.253239e-7,0.00008130398,0.095552646,0.8849269,0.0041133994,0.010947532,0.00045763698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016113957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003636108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30988505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008616836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005997867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8621048},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400261376","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x24600139","title":"Cooling Lithium-Ion Batteries in the Presence of Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces Structure","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Solar Energy","topic":"Aerogels and thermal insulation","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Canadian Navy; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Lithium (medication); Ion; Chemistry; Materials science","score_opus":0.010106306555281348,"score_gpt":0.2233617312444016,"score_spread":0.21325542468912023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400261376","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99463665,0.0010310034,0.00012317617,0.000068755515,0.000068332214,0.00002798334,0.000020584588,0.000035206776,0.003988304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99945784,0.00004481326,0.00008199011,0.00004916348,0.00012361722,0.000012812979,0.000041188054,0.000015934,0.00017264929],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992637,0.00001912231,0.00020317353,0.00018944047,0.00017816368,0.00014642238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996338,0.000103579914,0.000049477418,0.00018083233,0.000014324963,0.00001797384],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000098266566,0.00011458387,0.00012933544,0.000026302954,0.000058243462,0.00007104375,0.00018253237,0.00011058414,0.00023095652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000872671,0.00008224383,0.00003842591,0.00013776697,0.00007774494,0.00007536758,0.00003847625,0.00015163304,0.0000023580094],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008850065,0.000020833033,0.00032442002,0.00016827439,0.00002614843,0.000010934394,0.004526876,0.0017792769,0.95962167,0.028716411,0.00006892774,0.0046477253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031571026,0.000022850874,0.0018305891,0.00012280932,0.00003092549,0.000014167751,0.0025229352,0.008376711,0.95820236,0.003600014,0.024705982,0.00025495215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016806362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007521718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025116399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014335065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003174499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3353806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401010758","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601862","title":"Solar Panel Recycling from Circular Economy Viewpoint: A Review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Applied Solar Energy","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Circular economy; Economics; Environmental science","score_opus":0.03170991968850095,"score_gpt":0.26806320759984636,"score_spread":0.2363532879113454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401010758","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[8.9601826e-7,0.9686167,0.0005676652,0.00005552572,0.00034845504,0.0011200648,0.000055574652,0.00016565151,0.029069433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000038998078,0.9954344,0.00016356805,0.0013389799,0.00036517382,0.0013266469,0.0003368409,0.00016498304,0.0008304019],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9952414,0.00031883738,0.0015261391,0.0017699213,0.00040208653,0.00074163673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973353,0.00017606329,0.00048419755,0.0016725996,0.000013352294,0.00031847454],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001222289,0.000945849,0.003017461,0.000081565704,0.00019695911,0.00012795912,0.0009951392,0.000605501,0.0016671246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005765118,0.0007622057,0.0011474297,0.00057970145,0.00017424104,0.00013349998,0.00082271954,0.0007552075,0.0028442692],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016067754,0.00005841591,0.0000028020038,0.04647601,0.00030572223,0.00009166097,0.00006211054,0.000003328964,0.0000079409665,0.0005971952,0.024116542,0.92827666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007245162,0.000009921983,7.362836e-7,0.01289761,0.0013347574,0.000027792641,0.000020557227,0.000019865014,0.000005967386,0.007664488,0.9771515,0.00079435325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0056413426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014612015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95303494,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011250809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018940789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99948287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416050830","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x24603090","title":"Operation of Two-axis Tracking Monofacial and Bifacial Photovoltaic Systems in Humid Continental Climate","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Solar Energy","topic":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Albedo (alchemy); Snow; Software deployment; Renewable energy; Climate change","score_opus":0.008507945630902706,"score_gpt":0.23776793005071126,"score_spread":0.22925998441980855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416050830","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75220305,0.00067638943,0.23885858,0.00006686334,0.0010409796,0.00045312164,0.000019721478,0.00015768468,0.0065235957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985515,0.000084611485,0.0010063314,0.00021577385,0.000042414307,0.00004716274,0.000015258995,0.000007887482,0.00002904429],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885046,0.000056525598,0.00037918123,0.00032275438,0.00016295759,0.00022812757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995251,0.000052986306,0.00010167703,0.0002330595,0.000040108418,0.00004705995],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029582024,0.00014023994,0.0002488153,0.00023091168,0.00011622269,0.00015007445,0.0002591101,0.000094203904,0.000003972172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000117266045,0.00015021504,0.000036565776,0.0003929705,0.00004260685,0.00022131471,0.00012386226,0.000102417565,0.0000026367943],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004843541,0.00010947126,0.008655567,0.00006159187,0.00003130031,0.000005946714,0.0011722177,0.0034487585,0.42148706,0.5433561,0.000078050274,0.021545481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046439655,0.000085928004,0.013580164,0.00008840107,0.00002436194,0.000010268285,0.00037805524,0.59137523,0.3724726,0.0035729818,0.013149263,0.000618762],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012271865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044597287,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5879265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044194177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006397701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61255914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}