{"meta":{"query_hash":"a2861eb425a5","filters":{"venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews"},"cohort_total":13,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":13,"exported":13,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/a2861eb425a5","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Applied+Spectroscopy+Reviews"},"results":[{"id":"W1966170240","doi":"10.1080/05704928.2013.771363","title":"Application of Advanced Synchrotron Radiation–Based and Conventional Molecular Techniques in Recent Research on Molecular Structure, Metabolic Characteristics, and Nutrition in Coproducts from Biofuel Processing","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Food composition and properties","field":"Nursing","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","keywords":"Synchrotron radiation; Synchrotron; Molecular spectroscopy; Nanotechnology; Coproduct; Biochemical engineering; Chemistry; Computer science; Materials science; Spectroscopy; Physics; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.01947216059796294,"score_gpt":0.321666872852822,"score_spread":0.30219471225485905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966170240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96188915,0.03237903,0.0007030386,0.001112364,0.000034703695,0.0036996484,0.000020121382,0.000031556647,0.00013036473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98103946,0.003626014,0.01390357,0.00031081057,0.000036129244,0.00088472234,0.00017757718,0.000021181351,5.312554e-7],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984121,0.0002254773,0.0004960852,0.00043025299,0.00022799057,0.00020813824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938285,0.000035255805,0.00020228302,0.00023314482,0.00009835453,0.000048102494],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035606098,0.00016976049,0.00041353074,0.0002883611,0.00005568277,0.000053977612,0.000093038216,0.00008504387,0.000025720035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045004643,0.00015928017,0.00002175949,0.0004237927,0.0001241519,0.00010469137,0.000022001743,0.00026283425,0.0000056033505],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030189645,0.000108852284,0.00022818765,0.0003025641,0.00000274694,3.2883733e-7,0.000056144123,0.0000015488172,0.7797252,0.00078735524,0.000012982229,0.2184722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073614897,0.00027667126,0.0067642992,0.0004925045,0.000013133148,6.783063e-7,0.000033044533,0.00038365487,0.9779124,0.0076586315,0.005562665,0.00016613229],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007779316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008698389,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21830606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000088189176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022554686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64952564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979187696","doi":"10.1080/05704928.2011.634051","title":"An Overview of Molecular Spectroscopic Studies on Theobromine and Related Alkaloids","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"University of Washington","keywords":"Theobromine; Theophylline; Molecular spectroscopy; Caffeine; Chemistry; Alkaloid; Stereochemistry; Molecule; Organic chemistry; Pharmacology; Biology","score_opus":0.040058420655562275,"score_gpt":0.34417992036420963,"score_spread":0.3041214997086474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979187696","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80132616,0.1392455,0.000032777592,0.000045380817,0.000044781937,0.00020122896,0.0000068183754,0.00007324237,0.05902414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96257687,0.035609215,0.001296403,0.0001630838,0.00010695429,0.00005496996,0.00002425734,0.00003480395,0.00013346014],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982209,0.00003834123,0.00068858307,0.00040122343,0.00021640174,0.00043455555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865425,0.000066757086,0.00030979596,0.00072242506,0.00002239788,0.00022439992],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040179267,0.0003670511,0.0009161659,0.000041327003,0.000073679024,0.000014161588,0.00023032496,0.00014229238,0.0010234779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048928094,0.00028807603,0.00019043693,0.000265564,0.00028001153,0.00007678822,0.000057742276,0.00029524774,0.00006789047],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027691785,0.0002289867,0.0006446721,0.0011491146,0.00013459109,0.0000019997944,0.00018059036,5.7602705e-7,0.93712467,0.0600198,0.00016402954,0.00032329565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034664842,0.000074512405,0.0001068982,0.00031667002,0.0002172415,0.0000072936964,0.00018176725,0.0000048234197,0.9913215,0.0046611154,0.002478277,0.00028326001],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014089297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.9697012e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16125071,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043851483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012188826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989526432","doi":"10.1080/05704928.2010.529627","title":"A Simple Method for Initial Condensed-Phase Combustion Reactions Predictions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Energetic Materials and Combustion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Combustion; Phase (matter); Work (physics); Limiting; Statistical physics; Chemistry; Simple (philosophy); Quantum; Energetic material; Chemical physics; Thermodynamics; Process engineering; Physics; Physical chemistry; Explosive material; Organic chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Quantum mechanics; Engineering","score_opus":0.04806546233174638,"score_gpt":0.33334484182038404,"score_spread":0.2852793794886377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989526432","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007159939,0.00052550307,0.9695771,0.000014107748,0.0006632919,0.0012326061,0.000057659072,0.00044086445,0.020328958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.52196,0.004409037,0.46737963,0.000273744,0.001023306,0.004094589,0.00048166575,0.00015487257,0.00022315458],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988903,0.000041374766,0.00050534116,0.00021889266,0.00008003555,0.00026409712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994411,0.000043530446,0.00009306539,0.0003004489,0.0000339505,0.00008793746],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039695745,0.00019910527,0.00036262526,0.0000687646,0.00013426096,0.000034512206,0.00010879803,0.00009940152,0.0007280411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027860648,0.00019038035,0.00010770462,0.00014814408,0.000025740344,0.00009195205,0.000013809491,0.00012442924,0.000089754765],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013542856,0.00025544805,0.000004185229,0.00057557295,0.00007928417,0.0000013371576,0.0003856785,0.0009146006,0.8615666,0.09081581,0.029163098,0.016102929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016606888,0.00027557975,0.00004012275,0.000069499314,0.00027239026,0.000014566381,0.00009141338,0.012391745,0.6526363,0.015643898,0.31642944,0.000474371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022762444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017116867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5148001,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059452104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013690263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79715395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010669345","doi":"10.1080/10543400600809359","title":"An Overview of the High‐Pressure Vibrational Spectra of Clays and Related Minerals","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"High-pressure geophysics and materials","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Martian; Clay minerals; Mineralogy; Astrobiology; Chemistry; Martian surface; Mineral; High pressure; Mars Exploration Program; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Geochemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.015808724435075205,"score_gpt":0.24625375147318282,"score_spread":0.23044502703810762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010669345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9245497,0.04704965,0.00010465495,0.00025950806,0.00047524134,0.0014315376,0.0004238356,0.00003086751,0.02567499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926968,0.0034339766,0.0033733724,0.000069648166,0.00016478675,0.0000049556065,0.00012449625,0.000005636284,0.00012631892],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987391,0.00011211872,0.00053789787,0.00023634106,0.00020041103,0.00017412736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991667,0.000040626306,0.00036358376,0.0003675137,0.00001999408,0.000041534477],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037451126,0.00015609805,0.00049861224,0.000025908757,0.000076433134,0.00002644214,0.00023956531,0.0000634924,0.0018821281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006002072,0.0000964646,0.00007478465,0.00019859856,0.000121739125,0.000094349474,0.000014344893,0.000078105484,0.000028600998],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026300973,0.000049330618,0.0033686692,0.00030139522,0.00002860581,5.028485e-7,0.00005928692,0.000387752,0.88495284,0.10770457,0.0023605379,0.0007602017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079167524,0.00027343578,0.40229487,0.0002334815,0.000357439,0.000009568542,0.000016158425,0.0003205625,0.44443437,0.08625379,0.064484596,0.0005300408],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009891378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026062713,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44051847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000011893886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025715526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015701668","doi":"10.1080/05704920701293794","title":"Promising Spectroscopic Techniques for the Portable Detection of Condensed‐Phase Contaminants on Surfaces","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Armed Forces; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Consumables; Hazardous waste; Volatility (finance); Environmental science; Hazard; Contamination; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Materials science; Engineering; Chemistry; Waste management; Geology; Business","score_opus":0.03022993837737659,"score_gpt":0.3108993326656313,"score_spread":0.2806693942882547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015701668","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855882,0.0043316763,0.0050191535,0.00019780418,0.00006640097,0.0021872618,0.000015904834,0.00005744311,0.0025361904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99590653,0.0026659581,0.0008233431,0.00018669551,0.00018302251,0.000093333,0.000017255585,0.0000022824922,0.00012154875],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985256,0.000038878185,0.00058618677,0.00030788005,0.00018396077,0.00035750365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886906,0.00048402033,0.0004009591,0.00014052796,0.000047556143,0.000057846806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015764746,0.00019220712,0.0005094787,0.000018359236,0.00027219858,0.000033786117,0.00023134584,0.00007978393,0.00011678816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000068745976,0.00006374596,0.00019044832,0.00032902116,0.00007982763,0.00003999038,0.000020869802,0.00012725528,0.000014540674],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012228476,0.0000826192,0.00015491918,0.00002076945,0.000015933967,5.578766e-7,0.000013203188,3.7266048e-7,0.8774899,0.00074563065,0.00011582483,0.12123797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019271421,0.00054530235,0.0076020574,0.00005580872,0.000081321974,0.000001331167,0.00008101314,0.000023202567,0.9500297,0.00044158686,0.040809434,0.00013655575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000103100894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005745872,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12110142,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043383312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008620327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25994846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027756036","doi":"10.1080/05704928.2011.631649","title":"Grating-Stabilized External Cavity Diode Lasers for Raman Spectroscopy—A Review","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Raman spectroscopy; Semiconductor laser theory; Grating; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Diode; Optics; Distributed feedback laser; Tunable laser; Injection seeder; Laser diode; Laser power scaling; Continuous wave; Wavelength; Physics","score_opus":0.02359547136549837,"score_gpt":0.29687500734259115,"score_spread":0.27327953597709276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027756036","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.027775092,0.4373313,0.4420372,0.0006911478,0.001095029,0.021274993,0.0002431161,0.0022448113,0.067307316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.23470064,0.19777866,0.5427156,0.002642939,0.0017551277,0.01954594,0.00025432772,0.00042516613,0.00018161841],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99710953,0.00006634439,0.0009633121,0.00047847486,0.00027820337,0.001104104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99815416,0.00016776996,0.00019549075,0.0010224114,0.000041646377,0.00041850214],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001104677,0.00055528514,0.0010993613,0.000085904525,0.00018768414,0.00006437189,0.000501262,0.00012845773,0.000471848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008943839,0.0004992461,0.0004448519,0.0006735989,0.00012533579,0.00021270731,0.00004964596,0.000453742,0.00044395798],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053053023,0.00039577426,0.0010515762,0.008329351,0.00012271058,7.70856e-7,0.00021937847,0.000041205003,0.8621722,0.059819467,0.051399667,0.016394861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018122221,0.0002548798,0.0009563935,0.002694013,0.0010812234,0.000021643105,0.000064987515,0.00096948,0.31124425,0.009512599,0.6686984,0.0026899432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006308151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001368885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61729866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001942683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024572753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997459},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045285582","doi":"10.1081/asr-120021167","title":"Miniaturization of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Brantford Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Mass spectrometry; Miniaturization; Electrospray ionization; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chromatography; Materials science; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.011951776220893745,"score_gpt":0.2674838552694799,"score_spread":0.2555320790485861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045285582","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.026403034,0.005375457,0.21302448,0.00014663339,0.000086206026,0.0011931726,0.000029036928,0.00046976126,0.75327224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7718758,0.006221415,0.21988337,0.0001173925,0.00014914114,0.0003989882,0.00014938055,0.00008063916,0.0011238885],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99770904,0.00004201941,0.0008832646,0.00056978024,0.00031738196,0.00047848898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99823046,0.00005698288,0.0006251639,0.00090623193,0.000065197084,0.0001159881],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004388689,0.00035519848,0.0006747191,0.0001844566,0.00016819745,0.00005731851,0.00035182224,0.0001949092,0.009446912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011199739,0.00033757606,0.00019432319,0.0013267229,0.00010761794,0.0000810161,0.000024111125,0.0003239845,0.000118648684],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000068937075,0.00008573195,0.0004693693,0.00010099741,0.000013427793,2.4519352e-7,0.000017362065,0.0000010081591,0.64306056,0.35510576,0.00084677,0.00029184422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024039707,0.000039067247,0.000048257174,0.000037976075,0.000055368102,0.0000055429355,0.000020229496,0.0000114933955,0.8651397,0.018214824,0.11590362,0.0002835048],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003879848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001921956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75214833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018190648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007989303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054042391","doi":"10.1080/05704928.2014.949733","title":"Recent Applications of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy in Art Forensics: A Brief Overview","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Infrared; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Data science; Computer science; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.03350125986039572,"score_gpt":0.2700795866408291,"score_spread":0.2365783267804334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054042391","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07067552,0.07117875,0.0028037524,0.0014082099,0.0004229294,0.0076504205,0.00011380278,0.0002710118,0.8454756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3252604,0.5780256,0.060932204,0.007477881,0.0045039416,0.006038833,0.0009916851,0.00039117676,0.016378278],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815726,0.000094318995,0.0008562007,0.00041295498,0.00016957577,0.00030968053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989284,0.000047445297,0.00036864652,0.0005210671,0.00005391872,0.000080468206],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005670826,0.00027922122,0.0009515291,0.000106348336,0.0001192001,0.00014321657,0.00020440735,0.00005273975,0.002573985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028227794,0.00022301787,0.00011761286,0.00018527717,0.00024561273,0.00010722018,0.00007934771,0.00013865053,0.00020281605],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005613193,0.00014588614,0.000105122934,0.00085009506,0.000055466833,6.8907946e-7,0.004033868,9.0780406e-7,0.06142696,0.86394924,0.018018208,0.0513574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033826873,0.000064579435,0.00008132109,0.00011861518,0.00007870557,0.0000010220828,0.00023647286,0.000013919667,0.007194319,0.018724477,0.97290957,0.00023873843],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000078904326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015358217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9548913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006142059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000151813665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983378},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088329802","doi":"10.1080/05704920903178421","title":"A Brief Overview of the Effect of High Pressures on the Vibrational Spectra of Biomaterials","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Enzyme function and inhibition","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; McGill University","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Supercritical fluid; Chemistry; High pressure; Diamond anvil cell; Diamond; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Engineering physics","score_opus":0.014677467931772327,"score_gpt":0.2746307503637476,"score_spread":0.2599532824319753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2088329802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810919,0.0074940715,0.000567412,0.00059865555,0.00016710388,0.001514807,0.000047023743,0.000007274907,0.008511743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965309,0.0024558194,0.00028905942,0.00048005846,0.00012352235,0.000034727054,0.000033992754,0.0000072256726,0.00004473019],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990538,0.00016117352,0.00038643682,0.0001636935,0.00014189187,0.00009304759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991501,0.000028262419,0.0003564998,0.0004285824,0.000021176267,0.00001539117],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043132846,0.00012621138,0.00032126225,0.000015681097,0.00003500805,0.0000056412273,0.00016913764,0.000062359846,0.00018553651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006302183,0.00006416184,0.00016037487,0.000109665714,0.000088171,0.0000020652672,0.000025546367,0.0000353072,0.0000042709435],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014248965,0.000037908376,0.000023613487,0.00009523938,0.000017280228,2.1973136e-8,0.0000068751906,0.00000438268,0.97341216,0.018293174,0.007623358,0.000343504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002540336,0.0007502954,0.0012215498,0.00010452247,0.000035675323,0.0000010091447,0.0000014211963,7.073874e-7,0.98526675,0.00045755625,0.011850094,0.000056387868],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000057700163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022385648,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017835619,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005117027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017928727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2616444},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091800792","doi":"10.1080/05704920701831254","title":"AFM‐Based Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy of Polymer Chains: Theoretical Models and Applications","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Force spectroscopy; Polymer; Atomic force microscopy; Nanotechnology; Molecule; Chemical physics; Statistical mechanics; Materials science; Polymer physics; Nanomechanics; Chemistry; Statistical physics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.01792122534446692,"score_gpt":0.27610711479331035,"score_spread":0.2581858894488434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091800792","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.018062603,0.0027930536,0.90426624,0.00015542349,0.00001432299,0.0022162362,0.00006890046,0.00011486882,0.07230836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94830126,0.0006826975,0.04835052,0.00029621797,0.00018342631,0.001658664,0.00010450771,0.00006812561,0.0003546037],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980877,0.000038097536,0.00065648364,0.00057354965,0.00018525509,0.00045892815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863887,0.000049469018,0.0003153871,0.0007895359,0.000044305503,0.00016243846],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018042498,0.0003711803,0.0006699872,0.00009013992,0.00026934952,0.00002959336,0.00033413977,0.00008158625,0.00038368712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000018559473,0.00033534682,0.00020459034,0.00039475,0.00068001787,0.000077193654,0.00008444899,0.00022989225,0.00004208669],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010742155,0.00017202928,0.0000523681,0.000028395954,0.000010889155,1.2346484e-7,0.0000431058,0.0000059968493,0.4645828,0.53409857,0.00045761306,0.000537367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003590097,0.000103125116,0.0000071492254,0.0000451876,0.000060004302,0.0000025911254,0.00004002677,0.0008915834,0.9580721,0.035342265,0.004736672,0.00034023705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028447883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.4447254e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9302386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004048466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000659445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999099},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2615004437","doi":"10.1080/05704928.2017.1331447","title":"Recent research on inherent molecular structure, physiochemical properties, and bio-functions of food and feed-type <i>Avena sativa</i> oats and processing-induced changes revealed with molecular microspectroscopic techniques","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Avena; Chemistry; Medicago sativa; Food science; Molecular mass; Biochemistry; Agronomy; Biology; Enzyme","score_opus":0.08116209746291364,"score_gpt":0.3154199778157584,"score_spread":0.23425788035284478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2615004437","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878243,0.009129362,0.0000028657626,0.0012561205,0.00001355509,0.0012683005,0.000015242626,0.000026388472,0.00046386686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872603,0.011826562,0.00049743796,0.00017902558,0.000056501896,0.00013726742,0.000025030624,0.0000046625,0.00001324537],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858755,0.0001087626,0.00022509103,0.00056858145,0.00019225545,0.00031778263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932355,0.000028413062,0.00022610083,0.00019111243,0.00011668674,0.000114142495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020534918,0.00024822334,0.00049724715,0.000031003576,0.00042110612,0.000104627434,0.00018325975,0.000111990455,0.000011906648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044431163,0.00010267974,0.000024530831,0.0002042006,0.0005677277,0.000050896837,0.00014281114,0.00026500772,0.0000014364304],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001804043,0.00008375585,0.00017193351,0.00013568118,0.000010912165,9.931159e-7,0.000029296521,7.772532e-9,0.9700388,0.000617329,0.00011283586,0.02861805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002443139,0.002260971,0.004193124,0.00039577333,0.000021044669,0.0000070279484,0.00005315624,5.260097e-7,0.9869832,0.0015892985,0.0040593687,0.00019219464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026722026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006610057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028425856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028378614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017236525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41871583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2750327486","doi":"10.1080/05704928.2017.1363771","title":"Exploring the potential of applying infrared vibrational (micro)spectroscopy in ergot alkaloids determination: Techniques, current status, and challenges","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Plant and fungal interactions","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Chemometrics; Infrared spectroscopy; Biochemical engineering; Spectroscopy; Infrared; Chemistry; Food products; Analytical technique; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Environmental chemistry; Food science; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.10506079027475328,"score_gpt":0.2994929430866349,"score_spread":0.1944321528118816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2750327486","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9217668,0.05830326,0.00030935335,0.0022796006,0.00083132007,0.0030058026,0.000093186994,0.0001163341,0.013294352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.51245046,0.48089632,0.0049956916,0.000035068933,0.0004932398,0.0010288397,0.00005986631,0.0000034417799,0.00003703614],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880505,0.000051703944,0.00041208384,0.00028337032,0.00015365747,0.00029411298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993092,0.00012394565,0.00032924427,0.00014909341,0.000026943926,0.000061615065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040151173,0.00017075757,0.00029164893,0.000022135782,0.00061133207,0.00016244996,0.00031711033,0.000041762443,0.000025656986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004798041,0.000071349416,0.000067879664,0.00007731041,0.00012299941,0.00030839548,0.00011864898,0.0002279582,0.000008790161],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030138634,0.000049488666,0.00033717026,0.000030319226,0.0000036373874,5.843185e-7,0.000045302622,5.527168e-8,0.73497945,0.0031884047,0.000089644374,0.26124582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032976526,0.00020985841,0.107530035,0.00035124997,0.000032149113,0.000011608902,0.00034714022,0.000047066602,0.34420174,0.004642678,0.5418422,0.00045446696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005073239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006239912,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5417526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004265954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012055724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47019342},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921437564","doi":"10.1080/05704928.2019.1581622","title":"Recent progress in structural and nutritional characterization of faba legume and use as an environment probe with vibrational spectroscopy sourced by globar and synchrotron","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Spectroscopy Reviews","topic":"Agricultural pest management studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Molecular spectroscopy; Infrared spectroscopy; Chemistry; Characterization (materials science); Legume; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Synchrotron; Molecular vibration; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Infrared; Materials science; Molecule; Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics; Organic chemistry; Botany; Biology","score_opus":0.0081807661831627,"score_gpt":0.21328000231801342,"score_spread":0.2050992361348507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2921437564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99521583,0.0019280566,0.000023729039,0.0008563946,0.000009524038,0.001866543,0.000034012923,0.000015910415,0.00004998153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9797213,0.014700351,0.0044474937,0.00021312964,0.000064510496,0.00018853201,0.00062505313,0.0000030275173,0.0000365815],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987516,0.000076772936,0.0002953869,0.00045893775,0.00020484072,0.00021245645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999622,0.000030349209,0.00020796593,0.000057541303,0.000014518468,0.00006765341],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017210521,0.00022593245,0.00036396526,0.000012889434,0.00010034703,0.000085968844,0.00007629288,0.00004946003,0.00012961855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004101985,0.00009116013,0.000016983346,0.00013239445,0.00014922937,0.00029745058,0.00007871695,0.000086560234,0.000006189947],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012897732,0.000065996916,0.06482388,0.00006749059,0.000013018169,3.6622816e-7,0.000061575396,2.1573845e-7,0.92537004,0.0014963472,0.00003850803,0.007933559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006344179,0.0014990683,0.9638572,0.00011838043,0.00003361697,0.000008083598,0.00013490375,0.000058544254,0.024607142,0.0003513519,0.0083133625,0.0003839495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013975455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002988418,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9007629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039757524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002882701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37174022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}