{"meta":{"query_hash":"5cec4795e73d","filters":{"venue":"Applied Water Science"},"cohort_total":21,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":21,"exported":21,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/5cec4795e73d","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Applied+Water+Science"},"results":[{"id":"W1209103708","doi":"10.1007/s13201-015-0323-x","title":"Removal of arsenic from drinking water using rice husk","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Husk; Adsorption; Arsenic; Volumetric flow rate; Langmuir; Chemistry; Particle size; Freundlich equation; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0232740343923735,"score_gpt":0.2312558990688457,"score_spread":0.2079818646764722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1209103708","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99326384,0.0009342237,0.0048347944,0.000047514764,0.000012987151,0.00001571922,0.0001218878,0.00009102599,0.0006778804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895621,0.0009525949,0.006729996,0.000026790416,0.0000037335026,0.000008284654,0.00017965911,0.000018288687,0.0025184494],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988043,0.000020998483,0.000008736472,0.000029532399,0.00004005187,0.000020293468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999548,0.000009630268,0.000010420193,0.0000048541883,0.00001516161,0.000005167843],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013540452,0.00029913938,0.00031823156,0.00021931238,0.00016408139,0.00023794928,0.0001817779,0.00020327981,0.00048722254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001429362,0.00014824388,0.00038953646,0.00023946735,0.00015655694,0.00018357196,0.00015878255,0.00020178148,0.00030189243],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006735006,0.00002228578,0.00057600235,0.00013519092,0.000011567511,0.000038241345,0.000021757909,0.0003244277,0.99338585,0.000028236338,0.000031466167,0.005357672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000049965465,0.00033912598,0.004047468,0.0000037907103,0.000020290432,0.00009756337,0.00003019036,0.0021177293,0.9922726,0.000021285696,0.0010359075,0.000008946085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004342844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0068706595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004342844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002809533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040999445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008635163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007104609","doi":"10.1007/s13201-013-0098-x","title":"Impact of pharmaceutical industry treated effluents on the water quality of river Uppanar, South east coast of India: A case study","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Water quality; Biochemical oxygen demand; Effluent; Chemical oxygen demand; Total dissolved solids; Environmental science; Outfall; Total suspended solids; Suspended solids; Environmental engineering; Pollution; Estuary; Pollutant; Hydrology (agriculture); Water pollution; Water resource management; Wastewater; Environmental chemistry; Engineering; Oceanography; Chemistry; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.06774256889981016,"score_gpt":0.34932067026767943,"score_spread":0.28157810136786926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007104609","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979011,0.00008194945,0.00026575665,0.00007253274,0.000002743182,0.000028008837,0.00015729487,0.000012015207,0.0014786988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99854845,0.00021289322,0.0004899288,0.000019727531,0.000003306083,0.000015675958,0.00012223051,0.000002833082,0.0005848576],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941015,0.00017673343,0.00004910538,0.00006972669,0.00015074371,0.00014360328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993455,0.00026164862,0.00014333511,0.000050571285,0.0001513255,0.000047656253],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038860698,0.00030693816,0.0003072125,0.0012055385,0.0009603835,0.001272221,0.00062007736,0.0006797214,0.00062079227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062321336,0.00018184171,0.00076904445,0.0029442108,0.000841699,0.00038142715,0.00075373164,0.00040267076,0.00007642647],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005829556,0.0013819485,0.7951405,0.00094597,0.00039021453,0.054788347,0.009475389,0.05024334,0.023280948,0.0023167196,0.001853783,0.059599966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000053305994,0.0011986205,0.9064769,0.00008716371,0.00042513473,0.0051376196,0.03381015,0.029430944,0.016546385,0.0007172836,0.0059807445,0.00013576109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0796306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09640836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0796306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021578285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012473684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1583342},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791240048","doi":"10.1007/s13201-018-0661-6","title":"Removal of heavy metals and pollutants by membrane adsorption techniques","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":536,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane; Adsorption; Pollutant; Filtration (mathematics); Heavy metals; Hazardous waste; Membrane technology; Water treatment; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Environmental chemistry; Waste management; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry; Engineering","score_opus":0.007419682840394272,"score_gpt":0.22286648271244688,"score_spread":0.21544679987205262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791240048","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47664437,0.23903164,0.24108452,0.0023231427,0.0010386993,0.0004623367,0.00076329225,0.001467773,0.037184242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.67456555,0.16447115,0.12527604,0.0008287929,0.00042500635,0.00040620752,0.00068922207,0.0001625415,0.033175506],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99963295,0.000042637534,0.000023650973,0.000065357504,0.00018531819,0.00005018977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99993515,0.0000137273755,0.000013778069,0.00000693237,0.000026325171,0.0000040668547],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028935337,0.0006290648,0.0006416322,0.0008243466,0.00041383202,0.0005528379,0.00048027068,0.00071156083,0.001072954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002906645,0.00028712495,0.0007651523,0.0007385436,0.00017591155,0.00078572397,0.00049741706,0.0007206608,0.0015472207],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022468694,0.000028421759,0.00013146928,0.0007052546,0.000029649456,0.00009060593,0.000030387444,0.00021122297,0.9714641,0.0005277375,0.0004324258,0.026326185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000056877725,0.00014026497,0.0008587577,0.000046118283,0.00004100672,0.00046703513,0.000035409517,0.0016570068,0.96646565,0.00028927883,0.029972753,0.000021009379],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008268621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009867916,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001072954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037861225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028229665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003589332},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800599105","doi":"10.1007/s13201-018-0697-7","title":"Indigenous knowledge on development and management of shallow dug wells of Dodoma Municipality in Tanzania","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Tanzania Government","keywords":"Tanzania; Indigenous; Hydrogeology; Geography; Water resource management; Environmental planning; Geology; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.012503015487960418,"score_gpt":0.2338269715288059,"score_spread":0.22132395604084548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2800599105","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984394,0.0002466259,0.000051007053,0.00019714724,0.0000018197421,0.000011876456,0.000013445946,0.000001121242,0.0010375384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991499,0.00031428444,0.000142389,0.00003285386,0.0000011154262,0.0000071974255,0.0000073668634,3.691608e-7,0.00034462594],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99977905,0.00008111441,0.00001378459,0.000018675559,0.000033668206,0.000073755495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958056,0.00012369872,0.00014587064,0.000015393902,0.000050092513,0.00008449772],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004704738,0.0001330172,0.00012296221,0.0004145336,0.0012620685,0.00043994002,0.00035723142,0.00022075365,0.0011614994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00079359114,0.00014212877,0.000069482536,0.000480703,0.00094772736,0.00047527518,0.0007551231,0.00023605274,0.00006115185],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006572311,0.000118246215,0.22296496,0.0008450471,0.00001561278,0.0060903425,0.6984644,0.00020096528,0.012296836,0.0016980155,0.0010171112,0.05622265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000042844645,0.00019941662,0.332616,0.00042004936,0.000024226498,0.0010380871,0.65556693,0.00015309516,0.00064689905,0.0003002069,0.00901217,0.000018636849],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036380216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12152587,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036380216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010083243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019506466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07233697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2940913529","doi":"10.1007/s13201-019-0949-1","title":"Impact of independent and non-independent parameters on various elements’ rejection by nanofiltration employed in groundwater treatment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofiltration; Chemistry; Groundwater; Membrane; Divalent; Water treatment; Chromatography; Magnesium; Ion; Volume (thermodynamics); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Organic chemistry; Biochemistry","score_opus":0.00843915906860187,"score_gpt":0.2373797222901115,"score_spread":0.22894056322150963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2940913529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965,0.0010987041,0.0015501535,0.000056124416,0.000032504726,0.00002836857,0.000100687415,0.000021410373,0.0006119911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99529606,0.001118088,0.0028483253,0.000054311728,0.000011922468,0.000024310008,0.00011916416,0.000019346577,0.00050848775],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918205,0.00014298157,0.000077914236,0.00011311712,0.00038966854,0.00009428899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995431,0.00016338025,0.00010894021,0.000022707265,0.00014214148,0.000019809991],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076633476,0.00039718623,0.00059600745,0.00030734343,0.00031198966,0.00061180745,0.00029241477,0.00043847424,0.000500302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001347463,0.00017391438,0.0006733012,0.00037840748,0.00028979426,0.00051734986,0.00035748183,0.00047362107,0.00012230969],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042665735,0.00008626297,0.0032680663,0.00035880777,0.00004821221,0.00008780175,0.00011099584,0.00073003606,0.98396736,0.000057175606,0.00006468103,0.010794045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012378452,0.0010132188,0.012281362,0.000016578817,0.00009799538,0.000091277296,0.00013891976,0.0013408969,0.9836543,0.000057423,0.0012758927,0.000019706564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002514369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042297896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002514369,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003466559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003748526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004999459},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979076363","doi":"10.1007/s13201-019-1047-0","title":"Effectiveness of the dispersion of iron nanoparticles within micropores and mesopores of activated carbon for Rhodamine B removal in wastewater by the heterogeneous Fenton process","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie","keywords":"Catalysis; Rhodamine B; Activated carbon; Mesoporous material; Aqueous solution; Materials science; Hydrogen peroxide; Chemical engineering; Nanoparticle; Nuclear chemistry; Pyrolysis; Chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Nanotechnology; Photocatalysis; Adsorption; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.003955622189649201,"score_gpt":0.20440467884366778,"score_spread":0.20044905665401858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2979076363","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99738425,0.00030255163,0.0016352059,0.000022253458,0.000007914037,0.000010487847,0.000039439008,0.000052656982,0.00054518745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99821067,0.00010925601,0.0011141711,0.000005963995,0.000002272689,0.0000049110913,0.000033420303,0.000008023566,0.00051134574],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999069,0.000011930412,0.0000071433155,0.000021057233,0.000032901866,0.000020042162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99993074,0.00001714341,0.000015039257,0.0000072842463,0.000017974675,0.00001175642],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014702899,0.00027897916,0.00016939234,0.00021996911,0.00012786106,0.00019038173,0.00018547582,0.00030565416,0.0005021342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015441403,0.00014122337,0.00021221957,0.00007578809,0.00014224862,0.00017792573,0.00011624266,0.00024114196,0.0001965215],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002641647,0.000009384044,0.00004940624,0.000016013355,0.0000016099925,0.000012977734,0.0000056902277,0.000074959054,0.9992623,0.000018237179,0.0000060513444,0.000516875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000034156246,0.00007375305,0.00069298095,0.000001538012,0.0000045322704,0.000028270291,0.0000052249316,0.0011507958,0.99786085,0.0000074905097,0.00016868142,0.0000024022343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009580854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001687799,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009580854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018864343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012217226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001905024},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981422628","doi":"10.1007/s13201-019-1082-x","title":"Groundwater vulnerability assessment with using GIS in Hamadan–Bahar plain, Iran","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Climate Extremes; University of Tehran; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Aquifer; Groundwater; Vulnerability (computing); Hydrogeology; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Water resource management; Resource (disambiguation); Contamination; Vulnerability assessment; Pollution; Geology; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.013949209031281263,"score_gpt":0.22411651265470509,"score_spread":0.2101673036234238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981422628","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99439454,0.00013858512,0.0017492071,0.00025057813,0.0000099553345,0.000039126422,0.0010454715,0.00018198036,0.0021905447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99729806,0.00012339144,0.0016733387,0.000008073788,0.000004363964,0.00001940236,0.0005801702,0.0000046420937,0.00028851],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997873,0.000064757965,0.000012650135,0.000032077736,0.000054921704,0.00004832451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997359,0.00009764493,0.00003460425,0.00001534736,0.00008905173,0.000027570371],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049117726,0.00070135953,0.00025834612,0.0024066828,0.0003477167,0.0007043912,0.00050464127,0.0003057203,0.0010631968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009773811,0.00018325716,0.0006166509,0.0021867913,0.00028164283,0.0005628971,0.00042172824,0.0002029616,0.00009921486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021498562,0.0004671562,0.55673635,0.00022078569,0.00029776196,0.0018054948,0.0009254776,0.35242212,0.0028612558,0.0041380525,0.0058808397,0.074029736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007692195,0.00015219541,0.24994224,0.00004961725,0.00014067454,0.00029095064,0.0036627012,0.7374529,0.0019369083,0.0029834842,0.0032414629,0.000069983216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12012815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.080421604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12012815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002250379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012828887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23885787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3072074141","doi":"10.1007/s13201-020-01282-4","title":"Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye with TiO2 immobilized on SiC foam using full factorial design","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","field":"Energy","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Rhodamine B; Effluent; Materials science; Degradation (telecommunications); Factorial experiment; Yield (engineering); Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Composite material; Environmental engineering; Catalysis; Mathematics; Organic chemistry; Environmental science","score_opus":0.0418501531492524,"score_gpt":0.23715891249591273,"score_spread":0.1953087593466603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3072074141","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858723,0.00094051677,0.010866733,0.000033864708,0.00010094921,0.0010876001,0.00050288014,0.00008799792,0.00050708384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94322836,0.0011124278,0.0450684,0.00010645958,0.000053451757,0.0057066972,0.0012883705,0.000044306515,0.0033915725],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99747545,0.00076421374,0.00033224988,0.0005543401,0.00053170096,0.00034204687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988199,0.00037243398,0.00028187825,0.00015221846,0.00024846953,0.00012509213],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001993013,0.0015808158,0.0033892086,0.00081753347,0.00049177086,0.0011652746,0.0010342558,0.0011057436,0.00159096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011031191,0.00070449966,0.0026745256,0.0006812464,0.00061095785,0.0004327829,0.0004772912,0.0009201961,0.0002999862],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.020027163,0.0068980046,0.0011057303,0.0014153759,0.0005847709,0.00005938203,0.00012013038,0.0117565775,0.9444767,0.00014327464,0.000112455615,0.01330038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030085042,0.19182916,0.02544808,0.000114477254,0.0021087592,0.00011757667,0.00018623963,0.044544708,0.726026,0.00045335526,0.0058864406,0.0002767432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016470342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012386586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033892086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001100752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010584636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010540187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135603481","doi":"10.1007/s13201-021-01383-8","title":"Assessment of selected major and trace elements in groundwater of Lagos based on land use and implication on human health","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization","keywords":"Groundwater; Environmental science; Leachate; Contamination; Pollutant; Effluent; Hydrogeology; Water quality; Water resource management; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Environmental health; Medicine; Geology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.023525233235639747,"score_gpt":0.2866334660784329,"score_spread":0.2631082328427931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135603481","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99930024,0.00014050199,0.000068422916,0.000015186867,0.0000012515718,0.0000037991254,0.00018847328,0.0000013757079,0.00028063424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994735,0.000108660475,0.000085665764,0.000008904165,8.5857397e-7,0.000004265568,0.00011955127,3.6024642e-7,0.00019823591],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999058,0.000027384274,0.000010501155,0.00001463241,0.000015699392,0.000025937767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999068,0.000020882646,0.00002713318,0.0000026860673,0.000024192062,0.000018273286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013617065,0.00022181259,0.00015717826,0.00082585425,0.00037516258,0.00029900795,0.00008279278,0.00016395909,0.0007092475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021333134,0.00011313551,0.00009074189,0.0010765151,0.0002344423,0.00010561553,0.00021271873,0.00009015281,0.00007433509],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022114695,0.000044143257,0.9835291,0.000051635725,0.000014029534,0.00033797734,0.0005728957,0.00012334286,0.00922007,0.000050993578,0.00006303235,0.005771583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008504302,0.00035682754,0.9895303,0.000026572257,0.000025347832,0.000572127,0.004780259,0.00036352559,0.0030881325,0.00019374189,0.0010468315,0.000007831259],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011961414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020887515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011961414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024313245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024096224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023783565},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138953616","doi":"10.1007/s13201-021-01385-6","title":"Evaluation of water quality and eutrophication status of Hawassa Lake based on different water quality indices","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Eutrophication; Water quality; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Pollutant; Nutrient; Irrigation; Water supply; Environmental engineering; Water resource management; Ecology; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.07475205716428399,"score_gpt":0.3438821404539272,"score_spread":0.26913008328964316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3138953616","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991773,0.00008582024,0.00009372687,0.00001169703,0.0000029508913,0.000008506525,0.00017456063,0.000003739394,0.0004417176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991793,0.000041450283,0.00017278266,0.0000074252075,0.0000021849526,0.000010138715,0.0001795412,8.8291256e-7,0.00040631279],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986565,0.000022557073,0.00001380178,0.000023974857,0.00005274803,0.00002113656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997944,0.000014622159,0.00006723025,0.000005280011,0.00008226412,0.00003618536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023953564,0.0002661356,0.0002203747,0.00079893356,0.0004134696,0.00064187264,0.000082580984,0.00012755954,0.00068002177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025497118,0.000082408544,0.00016953197,0.0008925794,0.00020288615,0.00019033872,0.00024707805,0.00014830765,0.000082222046],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026988002,0.00011206711,0.95975477,0.00007346689,0.00012210217,0.000418167,0.000787999,0.0006261598,0.027307095,0.00006330597,0.00025811265,0.0102069415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000053280482,0.00015519887,0.9946853,0.000008988497,0.000037623515,0.00009377061,0.0009153101,0.0009878592,0.0025627334,0.000047367794,0.0004891534,0.0000113328415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014200723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.032215167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014200723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005636584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035015523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028236091},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164423038","doi":"10.1007/s13201-021-01422-4","title":"Preliminary study on greywater treatment using water hyacinth","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Greywater; Hyacinth; Wastewater; Chemical oxygen demand; Phytoremediation; Eichhornia crassipes; Biochemical oxygen demand; Environmental science; Sewage treatment; Environmental engineering; Water quality; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Aquatic plant; Environmental chemistry; Macrophyte; Heavy metals; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.018559552958013127,"score_gpt":0.2382436784973929,"score_spread":0.21968412553937977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3164423038","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99762803,0.000520269,0.0011336523,0.000033971333,0.0000073430756,0.00004735147,0.000089118155,0.000009326744,0.00053090666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931699,0.00077788247,0.0034664634,0.00004449713,0.0000054407633,0.000034258734,0.00019505457,0.000011427928,0.002295122],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985933,0.000027568438,0.000011003365,0.000032774224,0.000048885267,0.000020478334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99991155,0.0000197672,0.000018000233,0.000006619093,0.000030842013,0.000013182973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020542486,0.0003072535,0.00036765492,0.00018144198,0.00028652034,0.00029235202,0.00016405416,0.0002801514,0.00087197573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016245051,0.000082460036,0.0004596633,0.00024420905,0.00019779985,0.00023093766,0.0002884802,0.0003371903,0.00015841538],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052060757,0.000027540887,0.0004425287,0.00012050987,0.0000053136214,0.000033356653,0.000032237826,0.00009310167,0.997262,0.000011617488,0.000012830515,0.0019069322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008838932,0.0015915217,0.010057004,0.000013978736,0.000030482119,0.000056280445,0.0001281314,0.0005536866,0.98582643,0.000028627466,0.001697534,0.0000075341186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031069296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00569944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0031069296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024049148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002745926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006177664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165846508","doi":"10.1007/s13201-021-01413-5","title":"Fast and efficient removal of caffeine from water using dielectric barrier discharge","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","field":"Medicine","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario","funders":"","keywords":"Caffeine; Dielectric barrier discharge; Chemistry; Degradation (telecommunications); Aqueous solution; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Electrode; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.011107981652778015,"score_gpt":0.2394981829007149,"score_spread":0.22839020124793688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3165846508","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9601697,0.0044557084,0.032190386,0.00031293742,0.00009464886,0.00011383781,0.00037814112,0.00041802734,0.0018665766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799381,0.0018903124,0.015198201,0.000103491315,0.000024915731,0.00006888487,0.00025729192,0.000041475414,0.002477436],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999806,0.00002455699,0.000013777156,0.00005397386,0.00007970432,0.000021990021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99992514,0.000017243909,0.000021406287,0.0000063603084,0.000022501219,0.000007222531],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015791648,0.00034176814,0.00035863524,0.00022009057,0.0001797582,0.00025578635,0.00033561367,0.00029936852,0.00065685343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027118254,0.00014037073,0.0003079374,0.00017886006,0.00015213729,0.0003255342,0.0002788978,0.00033942086,0.00030493524],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026183405,0.000008969527,0.000090853755,0.00008649267,0.0000040536383,0.000032380576,0.000012566614,0.000025766703,0.9972133,0.000018620685,0.00006766878,0.0024132596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012516454,0.00018298494,0.0012147144,0.0000036079512,0.000009223608,0.00016284364,0.000019376585,0.0008826589,0.99536175,0.0000149258885,0.0021284223,0.0000070777683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005361118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006705738,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00065685343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015926262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014970044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0021973848},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216175254","doi":"10.1007/s13201-021-01534-x","title":"Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Environment; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India","keywords":"Water quality; Environmental science; Total dissolved solids; Surface water; Nitrate; Hydrology (agriculture); Pollution; Christian ministry; Chloride; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.09615270107771798,"score_gpt":0.36223748286022855,"score_spread":0.2660847817825106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3216175254","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99798006,0.000096777534,0.00030997026,0.000032676642,0.0000034539012,0.00002107088,0.00032767688,0.000028267601,0.0012000224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989728,0.000037765978,0.00046470363,0.000008601328,0.0000014119365,0.000014286502,0.00019045254,0.000002036303,0.0003080834],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99969876,0.000046038942,0.000033174525,0.000048657523,0.00011753003,0.000055953748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996861,0.000052317017,0.000066091205,0.00001997485,0.0001275872,0.000047833895],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024461615,0.00021939226,0.00026912894,0.001574047,0.0007838192,0.00086317427,0.00031715937,0.00021315302,0.00069670816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004360747,0.00014236667,0.00026117737,0.0020723625,0.0004300583,0.00031838543,0.00050056697,0.00025713953,0.00012099678],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002411914,0.0001574809,0.93906665,0.0002913075,0.0001250551,0.0008152303,0.002377163,0.0016028531,0.018001994,0.00026393446,0.0007969028,0.036260277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007023992,0.00013552088,0.9921922,0.000013438582,0.000028213468,0.0002541715,0.0024758622,0.0018279154,0.0022201738,0.000121784164,0.0007007604,0.000022900316],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.063896574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1205321,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.063896574,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007842986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012409986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12704927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4302286567","doi":"10.1007/s13201-022-01759-4","title":"Study of physicochemical parameters and wetland water quality assessment by using Shannon’s entropy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"TOPSIS; Entropy (arrow of time); Randomness; Water quality; Data mining; Computer science; Rough set; Pollution; Operations research; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.040569281997253716,"score_gpt":0.3074563532633456,"score_spread":0.26688707126609185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4302286567","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9602392,0.00020164408,0.036753636,0.00007640048,0.000008945168,0.000029958173,0.000114150665,0.000027512566,0.0025487128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980342,0.00002879894,0.0018145846,0.0000013749375,0.000002980096,0.000005194942,0.000019961097,0.0000012609149,0.00009162021],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993073,0.0003002455,0.000041730556,0.00004753787,0.00026205237,0.00004118904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99806947,0.0014028057,0.00023345716,0.0000771379,0.00017813985,0.00003911568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001392024,0.0002441192,0.0002533225,0.002226249,0.00029181625,0.0007970291,0.00018652005,0.00018631155,0.0003927675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021847216,0.00011572838,0.00043258676,0.0015648946,0.00053966016,0.0008732895,0.00050165894,0.0001731382,0.000033056294],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034587953,0.0002248632,0.4394674,0.00035633755,0.00057388016,0.0009924155,0.0013296664,0.39700457,0.0322342,0.011684799,0.0006945774,0.11509142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007661258,0.00027773422,0.22446749,0.00002871434,0.0000919319,0.00029234067,0.0009158331,0.75118345,0.014430898,0.007365028,0.0008554816,0.00008348682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021078074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021292556,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002226249,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005125407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026736196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0073618293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366773352","doi":"10.1007/s13201-023-01917-2","title":"Development of a linear–nonlinear hybrid special model to predict monthly runoff in a catchment area and evaluate its performance with novel machine learning methods","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Razi University","keywords":"Akaike information criterion; Mean squared error; Surface runoff; Computer science; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Statistics; Mathematics; Data mining; Climate change","score_opus":0.029366114365976023,"score_gpt":0.27137045626278333,"score_spread":0.2420043418968073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366773352","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4691058,0.00034554387,0.52328885,0.00035846443,0.00007137913,0.00014038672,0.00034106575,0.0010921762,0.0052564004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97568935,0.00006840403,0.022470148,0.000036018722,0.000013161281,0.000100635756,0.00018214075,0.000024083623,0.0014160557],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998048,0.00005157913,0.000014681614,0.000055134733,0.00003747398,0.00003637309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996284,0.00017193913,0.00004129645,0.000016980353,0.00012004533,0.000021331634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007649715,0.00073875056,0.00062671304,0.0005688082,0.0004284563,0.00068242225,0.0009908165,0.0008608986,0.0013919371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009912603,0.00036408348,0.0008863592,0.00035035142,0.00035811248,0.00054402807,0.0006643248,0.00067202706,0.0001983831],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022645352,0.000028325918,0.0013189979,0.000010685243,0.000023296643,0.000022595907,0.000009522613,0.99319386,0.0005433421,0.00023554706,0.00007660882,0.0045145205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.575264e-7,0.0000043828486,0.00007748689,4.2644396e-7,0.0000016219466,8.9705065e-7,0.0000010588697,0.99980634,0.000056167166,0.00003459867,0.000015292511,8.1374407e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.042446807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02400433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042446807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00094184704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011703232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08439946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376126052","doi":"10.1007/s13201-023-01932-3","title":"Assessing the effect of climate and land use changes on the hydrologic regimes in the upstream of Tajan river basin using SWAT model","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Streamflow; Climate change; Environmental science; SWAT model; Arid; Representative Concentration Pathways; Drainage basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Water resources; Land use; Structural basin; Soil and Water Assessment Tool; Upstream (networking); Climatology; Climate model; Water resource management; Geography; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.029298076234661713,"score_gpt":0.2609876387232537,"score_spread":0.231689562488592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376126052","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980463,0.000032511758,0.00048517488,0.00006176854,0.000010049786,0.000011147197,0.00056365546,0.00007391358,0.0007156429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984769,0.000041151514,0.0006838043,0.00000828905,0.0000035548974,0.0000123283835,0.0006189168,0.000005743869,0.00014925876],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985945,0.000030767755,0.000010598307,0.00003163696,0.00002660316,0.00004097556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975115,0.00007728697,0.000031262247,0.000030574014,0.000077829056,0.000031988806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032831845,0.0004333478,0.00036678687,0.00050762785,0.00040731812,0.00069256243,0.00056621555,0.00053530326,0.00070208707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000565763,0.00027305546,0.0010220536,0.000673417,0.00034212496,0.00048742507,0.0002934836,0.00051343796,0.00006716663],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020909247,0.00035911592,0.25587103,0.0001034828,0.00025319596,0.0005119616,0.00017534508,0.72098947,0.0066319187,0.0009203517,0.0017942771,0.012180768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000061869214,0.0001152635,0.15665711,0.000015381898,0.00011076255,0.000051494826,0.00025857263,0.83905834,0.0022272735,0.00031926777,0.0010933779,0.00003130945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10891878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.093801245,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10891878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000863414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014674334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2165696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389509283","doi":"10.1007/s13201-023-02040-y","title":"Rapid and efficient inactivation of viruses in seawater by LIG electrodes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Seawater; Sewage; Chemistry; Electrolysis; Water treatment; Microbiology; Virology; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Electrode; Ecology","score_opus":0.007245908071302811,"score_gpt":0.1938260530434084,"score_spread":0.18658014497210557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389509283","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9663618,0.0026753547,0.025607117,0.00040555935,0.00016359106,0.000055726134,0.00023797524,0.0004688896,0.0040240367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915161,0.00046030447,0.0059042885,0.0001134118,0.00001250413,0.000025311845,0.00008412126,0.00001599101,0.0018679945],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987745,0.00001635098,0.0000078487965,0.00002512966,0.000050706025,0.000022531967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99991727,0.000020783446,0.000019956502,0.000009355209,0.000023554638,0.00000909518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018108402,0.00029252906,0.00014651983,0.00022729939,0.00012034377,0.00026157586,0.00028545997,0.00048875244,0.0009033155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002530644,0.00011223763,0.00025620713,0.00012636969,0.00020154612,0.00032390613,0.00031829954,0.0003915458,0.00039722028],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015831121,0.000006869132,0.00014379287,0.00004041327,0.000002258704,0.000039312505,0.000015073321,0.0000674501,0.9967892,0.00008782649,0.00008162475,0.0027103624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005249581,0.00014017004,0.0006833572,0.0000058467494,0.00000455018,0.000084806496,0.000022345226,0.000982645,0.9960794,0.000050155217,0.0019370439,0.0000045805614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016121789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020512029,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009033155,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014163321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007548214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003021896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393317819","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02138-x","title":"Calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis of a SWAT water quality model","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Caring for our Country; Victoria University; Australian Government","keywords":"Calibration; Water quality; Environmental science; Quality (philosophy); Hydrogeology; Model validation; SWAT model; Water resource management; Reliability engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Civil engineering; Statistics; Mathematics; Geotechnical engineering; Data science","score_opus":0.015537672933605855,"score_gpt":0.25722339033936387,"score_spread":0.241685717405758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393317819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.945439,0.000039737304,0.05237271,0.000080422666,0.000011578694,0.00005907924,0.0002687603,0.000345001,0.0013836806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921813,0.000013357057,0.0073018325,0.000010396059,0.0000013531974,0.000031874224,0.00022537219,0.00001431693,0.00022033375],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99940634,0.00022625363,0.000040788524,0.000102045,0.00016280095,0.00006190299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99782217,0.0009961196,0.00021024085,0.00016842059,0.00076072954,0.00004248106],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020630506,0.00065973215,0.0005010291,0.00053268805,0.000543501,0.0007048707,0.0007181677,0.00066808925,0.00061976834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036814446,0.00038315862,0.000708884,0.00047407747,0.00040459313,0.0005510983,0.0004942444,0.0006600422,0.00011068049],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031111143,0.00003590836,0.0054594167,0.000009228136,0.000023946557,0.000018172916,0.000015015056,0.98969156,0.0009454722,0.000107732434,0.00008364039,0.0035786985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005396448,0.000017864457,0.0016414153,0.0000015829545,0.0000051427214,0.0000028518298,0.00000454041,0.99749774,0.0007263897,0.00004474071,0.00004873186,0.000003666655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06356264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024063163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06356264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013512791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014314873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12638533},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395460558","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02180-9","title":"Analysis of the impacts of climate change, physiographic factors and land use/cover on the spatiotemporal variability of seasonal daily mean flows in southern Quebec (Canada)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Land cover; Climate change; Environmental science; Land use; Climatology; Hydrogeology; Cover (algebra); Physical geography; Geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Oceanography; Engineering; Civil engineering","score_opus":0.010322668138518388,"score_gpt":0.1989351631498762,"score_spread":0.1886124950113578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395460558","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949793,0.00024316495,0.0001729398,0.00011085723,0.0000050120157,0.000009962661,0.0032259591,0.000015988484,0.0012367738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972608,0.00011818099,0.0001559824,0.000018917706,0.0000024769377,0.000006967298,0.0018252564,0.00000309215,0.0006083294],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99978715,0.000021323996,0.000011056584,0.000048881826,0.000057276975,0.00007425302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992899,0.00008571687,0.0001281702,0.000026185184,0.00034828048,0.000121665216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031342547,0.00020639393,0.0001909983,0.0009141963,0.00067404564,0.00081680546,0.00037983563,0.0002003513,0.0012072749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00085477834,0.000086883556,0.00026319467,0.0021874614,0.00034880303,0.00018707683,0.00029440253,0.00023561294,0.00011344729],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005015268,0.000016153293,0.98940384,0.000020682834,0.00007356439,0.00009000825,0.00031423726,0.0011327747,0.00071198994,0.000090164955,0.0008550759,0.0072414423],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.0328385e-7,0.0000028193897,0.9988255,0.0000035695903,0.0000044659473,0.0000066185276,0.00018150164,0.0005827149,0.000020766951,0.0000045052852,0.0003644962,0.0000022815484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9895772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99243647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010422826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009123179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0069185756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06619358},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407716842","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02393-6","title":"Integration of positive matrix factorization and water quality models for pollution source identification and water quality enhancement in rivers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Water quality; Quality (philosophy); Identification (biology); Pollution; Environmental science; Matrix (chemical analysis); Hydrogeology; Water pollution; Water resource management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Chromatography; Biology","score_opus":0.024438074119482088,"score_gpt":0.31367320365793694,"score_spread":0.28923512953845487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407716842","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12409268,0.0005928981,0.8698719,0.00064504973,0.00017060638,0.00009754354,0.0002274605,0.0006322048,0.0036696563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8787615,0.00032486633,0.118002586,0.00016741226,0.00008791854,0.00013117876,0.00030050482,0.00006829404,0.002155771],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953103,0.00018109352,0.00002647513,0.000114171016,0.000071889495,0.000075444805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99880767,0.0007513239,0.00013517938,0.000033907803,0.00021177345,0.00006014484],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001201168,0.001040489,0.0008845288,0.00050605094,0.0005762239,0.0010776673,0.0007578817,0.0011570532,0.001026103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027464086,0.0005435033,0.0012966193,0.000511149,0.00046102234,0.0010461794,0.0010470209,0.0013414033,0.00015900073],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033364486,0.00004382025,0.0017738355,0.00003135042,0.00004341266,0.000046629335,0.000032259486,0.98515517,0.0007231573,0.0017506627,0.00026870644,0.010097727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000023710484,0.000009196612,0.00012627513,0.0000015027496,0.0000029393382,0.0000023833359,0.0000048423612,0.9991503,0.00006397994,0.0005462168,0.000086806176,0.000003273173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.039836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03376606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.039836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00090362586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018904606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.079208255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412950138","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02573-4","title":"Learning from multiple frameworks for aquifer vulnerability mapping and multiple modelling practices in groundwater vulnerability mapping studies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Water Science","topic":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"University of Tabriz","keywords":"Aquifer; Hydrogeology; Vulnerability (computing); Groundwater; Water resource management; Vulnerability assessment; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Petroleum engineering; Civil engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Computer security","score_opus":0.07435444485853313,"score_gpt":0.3094996132078206,"score_spread":0.23514516834928748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412950138","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.059919324,0.00095724064,0.93320584,0.0025811729,0.000033489137,0.00010875291,0.00006703506,0.00019307595,0.0029340505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.59823847,0.0003909745,0.40041578,0.0001638805,0.000049496426,0.00018189443,0.00009082444,0.000049314225,0.00041937584],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9769124,0.018054549,0.0008171204,0.0017141958,0.0020495148,0.00045232658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.95932025,0.029323144,0.003650069,0.00448578,0.002284744,0.0009360247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.025694046,0.0015607621,0.0012837455,0.004400315,0.0012200803,0.0046486035,0.0030645924,0.0019509937,0.0009966395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.050926033,0.0009021694,0.002195489,0.003238048,0.0032343501,0.007611061,0.008184061,0.0038506233,0.00016067462],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018017346,0.00034158307,0.041364472,0.0005365593,0.00090965856,0.00045648968,0.0035845153,0.5361367,0.0017355352,0.19861561,0.0011514712,0.21498722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020554351,0.0001901227,0.004033499,0.00022219667,0.00009723908,0.00017292073,0.00086009613,0.77583605,0.0012009026,0.21495126,0.002327964,0.00008715041],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043274895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007317408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025694046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028858494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024529512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1358847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}