{"meta":{"query_hash":"ca0c6a4299f7","filters":{"venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies"},"cohort_total":19,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":19,"exported":19,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/ca0c6a4299f7","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Biofuel+and+biorefinery+technologies"},"results":[{"id":"W2898805088","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-00985-4_7","title":"Techno-economical Aspects of Biodiesel Plants","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Biodiesel; Biodiesel production; Raw material; Production (economics); Engineering; Biochemical engineering; Environmental science; Environmental economics; Economics","score_opus":0.018333154909686063,"score_gpt":0.1952623747575655,"score_spread":0.17692921984787943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2898805088","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.022903496,0.027941305,0.00010906609,0.0031104684,0.0009326405,0.0008902346,0.0018981484,0.011429325,0.9307853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8019972,0.087153934,0.0076453863,0.00013491709,0.0008014573,0.00020627472,0.00038462316,0.0003457734,0.101330444],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989789,0.0000013560775,0.0003473774,0.0003744772,0.00008539513,0.00021248091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928576,0.000018519357,0.00010582406,0.000519017,0.000040150207,0.000030752926],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005335849,0.00035103163,0.00041345815,0.00037126735,0.00006253601,0.000021476795,0.0002917165,0.0008803999,0.00011300801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013906169,0.0002954662,0.000079622056,0.00005719661,0.0010572199,0.000056163048,0.00017795908,0.00032863818,0.00013852524],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041291147,0.00008408674,0.00016329976,0.0013283285,0.0006329801,0.000012239017,0.00006692969,0.0000023876603,0.03767749,0.500674,0.08632702,0.37298995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001449801,0.00008896509,0.000047759815,0.00011765113,0.00003443605,0.00002919485,0.00009843673,0.00004221536,0.05014703,0.109201536,0.8395325,0.00051527604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000037166567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000072663092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8294549,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031489366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014912434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312403395","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-01241-9_10","title":"Pretreatment Technologies for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofuel; Raw material; Biochemical engineering; Biomass (ecology); Lignocellulosic biomass; Production (economics); Context (archaeology); Fossil fuel; Emerging technologies; Environmental science; Waste management; Biotechnology; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Economics; Materials science; Agronomy; Biology","score_opus":0.027609659129829066,"score_gpt":0.21195713719624226,"score_spread":0.1843474780664132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312403395","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.071838595,0.40287772,0.0008079241,0.055650506,0.036489718,0.024280261,0.008272557,0.16481972,0.234963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.37226897,0.13110626,0.011413525,0.00013791327,0.0013644435,0.0026396762,0.0031074039,0.0006269656,0.47733486],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99834085,0.000005613784,0.00036731514,0.00077628065,0.00018783804,0.00032210108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917454,0.000016793942,0.00014159289,0.0005808296,0.00006260057,0.000023627372],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012697923,0.00056778855,0.00041926722,0.0006320618,0.0002736888,0.000059491664,0.00026577443,0.0010535565,0.00015450607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000375065,0.00047557344,0.00015022489,0.00011956278,0.00039989562,0.00015487071,0.00024348364,0.0004804868,0.000016391248],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008513793,0.00008593731,0.000062619234,0.0024815518,0.0005128562,0.0000128083075,0.000060459657,0.000017155167,0.1792114,0.020066515,0.08083219,0.7165714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002244353,0.0003199197,0.0000041316284,0.000042170286,0.00007793766,0.00003385428,0.00022095644,0.00007851338,0.16051415,0.0070693265,0.83082175,0.000592863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000025653987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012921094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74998957,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019618755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024280847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99976957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312952037","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-01241-9_13","title":"Feedstocks and Pre-Treatment Techniques for Third-Generation Bioethanol Production","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofuel; Economic shortage; Raw material; Gasoline; Aviation biofuel; Waste management; Environmental science; Fossil fuel; Biochemical engineering; Natural resource economics; Engineering; Bioenergy; Chemistry; Economics","score_opus":0.026415531652251963,"score_gpt":0.22563257064793693,"score_spread":0.19921703899568496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312952037","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14162908,0.38239494,0.0025013124,0.06403329,0.024435116,0.041176032,0.006061009,0.12008096,0.21768823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20076099,0.3846443,0.023571208,0.00022142273,0.0029033155,0.0033172483,0.002273476,0.0005722007,0.38173583],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987417,0.0000058448895,0.00027963147,0.0006206764,0.00012902907,0.00022312054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944913,0.0000130493745,0.00010316253,0.00035568615,0.00004720246,0.000031780073],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001067429,0.00046660862,0.00034889692,0.00042446484,0.00024155313,0.000057266425,0.000119725824,0.0007307937,0.0000226239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016717386,0.00037122908,0.00009087855,0.00006487106,0.0002932559,0.00012511083,0.0001393964,0.00026202804,0.0000026537675],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008704868,0.000056948647,0.00007653243,0.0011566827,0.00024175092,0.000004445094,0.000085614294,0.0000031154152,0.1525756,0.0066225305,0.020166818,0.81892294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016535986,0.00059580687,0.00001057966,0.00004526547,0.000085569336,0.000038274407,0.00006936399,0.0000987234,0.17064464,0.003176743,0.82457966,0.0004900342],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000137692405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011542271,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81843287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014717056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001883848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987394},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394613073","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-49818-3_3","title":"Biohydrogen: Microbiology and Microbial Dynamics in Dark Fermentation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Dark fermentation; Fermentation; Microbiology; Fermentative hydrogen production; Chemistry; Biology; Food science; Biochemistry; Hydrogen production","score_opus":0.007621549265948851,"score_gpt":0.18786733472399786,"score_spread":0.180245785458049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394613073","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5553053,0.14520584,0.00011022174,0.012035716,0.006439057,0.0023597453,0.0026753244,0.016146686,0.25972208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8356004,0.05732275,0.0012824571,0.00010356044,0.00020303515,0.00004243808,0.0014111673,0.00018348238,0.10385075],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909645,0.0000028082766,0.00026282974,0.00040532142,0.000037373942,0.00019520505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975693,0.0000072296566,0.000041971667,0.00015958578,0.000014766628,0.000019488523],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005970304,0.00033029928,0.0002768201,0.00054215256,0.00003431507,0.00005010128,0.00009596262,0.00079768203,0.000008608928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005373386,0.00028223984,0.000043675514,0.00008469025,0.00037222498,0.00005396908,0.0001304335,0.0003513297,0.000025990143],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003881894,0.000029182605,0.0005176072,0.0006606288,0.00020922135,0.00009274657,0.000046652684,0.000006661649,0.26715893,0.57014626,0.00483716,0.15625617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001049564,0.00045702726,0.00027414405,0.0011601665,0.00026045172,0.0008191644,0.00076392747,0.0005805245,0.03159707,0.13558133,0.8247721,0.002684492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000842328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012373675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81993496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014225057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010160836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394613196","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-49818-3_4","title":"Biohydrogen Production in Anaerobic Reactors","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Production (economics); Anaerobic exercise; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Hydrogen production; Engineering; Chemistry; Biology; Economics; Hydrogen","score_opus":0.011962259599816527,"score_gpt":0.19071974672075886,"score_spread":0.17875748712094233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394613196","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016919293,0.074754655,0.000005969078,0.00358462,0.005211914,0.0006545572,0.00009326374,0.013275297,0.88550043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3085122,0.063692994,0.0006000386,0.000024497416,0.00048378517,0.000036822647,0.00017846472,0.00016702633,0.62630415],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934065,0.0000011573685,0.0001677284,0.0002922147,0.000068294,0.00012993913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975485,0.0000030163142,0.000024819085,0.00019158851,0.00001189829,0.000013828039],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048322603,0.00022099681,0.0001707921,0.0004881196,0.00001661607,0.000024086301,0.00007983175,0.00047771152,0.000032062817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009590383,0.0001776738,0.000043154083,0.00011074972,0.00014284966,0.000045562345,0.000050675706,0.00029734566,0.0002024857],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009286989,0.00002096811,0.00011065809,0.00039050163,0.00013119986,0.000057713507,0.000025936952,0.0000102341555,0.011829878,0.4926122,0.036523644,0.45827776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003147555,0.00002783146,0.000030122932,0.00017540208,0.000022927214,0.00002143212,0.000024206709,0.000008751075,0.004632486,0.026509602,0.96822476,0.00029102922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000032624714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010632998,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93170106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005331328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007862381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7245327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394613717","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-49818-3_6","title":"Biohydrogen Production by Photosynthetic Microorganisms","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Microorganism; Photosynthesis; Production (economics); Environmental science; Biochemical engineering; Biology; Chemistry; Hydrogen production; Engineering; Botany; Economics; Bacteria; Hydrogen","score_opus":0.005565368819927559,"score_gpt":0.1630148644996745,"score_spread":0.15744949567974695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394613717","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03844455,0.35678953,0.0001461659,0.017680895,0.011699579,0.0025766671,0.001577241,0.06274752,0.50833786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.19208038,0.06790798,0.00060629274,0.000053608386,0.00039704514,0.000057102985,0.0003760362,0.0002997643,0.73822176],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988161,0.0000019150064,0.00026471875,0.0005536814,0.00012995955,0.00023368075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953425,0.0000053168546,0.00005151764,0.00034682345,0.000029367675,0.000032700886],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000064757696,0.00045092814,0.0002939803,0.00035192806,0.00006746155,0.00007562327,0.00016924422,0.00079864595,0.00005294195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011937948,0.0003621084,0.00008585242,0.0001030594,0.00037540612,0.00006962446,0.00011247622,0.00040345103,0.00025959476],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000120250015,0.000029420133,0.000010527649,0.0004946635,0.0003043048,0.000025506124,0.000026589067,0.0000026962305,0.6409324,0.10613507,0.10177971,0.1502471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003799652,0.000047875496,9.283103e-7,0.00014765852,0.000071377326,0.00006315616,0.00003375657,0.000006615015,0.21256875,0.018636644,0.7679714,0.0004138217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000036535105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037642667,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6661917,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068148096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010677192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998831},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394614940","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-49818-3","title":"Biohydrogen - Advances and Processes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Chemical Reactions and Isotopes","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Environmental science; Biology","score_opus":0.063393814270695,"score_gpt":0.37769646477741564,"score_spread":0.3143026505067206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394614940","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.022931714,0.77212334,0.0000032381358,0.004310879,0.0009006205,0.00057605805,0.00086091575,0.0028796059,0.19541365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03139056,0.5310037,0.00038222317,0.00048073346,0.00040081685,0.00019278226,0.00020063996,0.00009438126,0.43585414],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99862945,0.000013966394,0.000291127,0.0006217533,0.00010469202,0.00033898762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993252,0.00022496897,0.00011724545,0.00019515555,0.000058044003,0.00007938009],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001147222,0.00044141276,0.0004295726,0.00029476834,0.00016124996,0.000072534036,0.00023506083,0.0015004254,0.000081711514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014696637,0.0003154288,0.00006910826,0.00022231128,0.0012230586,0.00011319682,0.00043519647,0.0010796881,0.00007341939],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010764011,0.00012885692,0.0007287284,0.00622549,0.00042928496,0.0001262791,0.00006368768,1.3912046e-7,0.023781199,0.00790717,0.0851254,0.8753761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016764353,0.00010656298,0.0000055217074,0.00016924315,0.00020894122,0.00007637332,0.000083944855,0.0000070770197,0.021716274,0.048830926,0.9282308,0.0003966728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000038974767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013121385,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87497944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045540615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014714082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999298},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394626267","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-49818-3_22","title":"A Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Perspective of Biohydrogen Production","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Biohydrogen; Perspective (graphical); Production (economics); Life-cycle assessment; Economics; Computer science; Biology; Hydrogen production; Artificial intelligence; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.014680170291599152,"score_gpt":0.24076435457152026,"score_spread":0.2260841842799211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394626267","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10289282,0.09824857,0.0000084543935,0.009428414,0.0022527173,0.0008560327,0.0004767509,0.0035628346,0.7822734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8491621,0.016778182,0.0005163592,0.000027977794,0.00038491833,0.00007199838,0.000047373054,0.00013589351,0.13287517],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832755,0.000010196688,0.0004536178,0.00083264784,0.00014432323,0.00023164634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905854,0.000028418674,0.00027069275,0.0005029622,0.00007635382,0.0000630498],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001394738,0.0004551462,0.00063987536,0.0006123679,0.00006669825,0.000056622957,0.00019934258,0.00067572325,0.00002847258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056751927,0.00035582305,0.00012027448,0.00006659262,0.00069370476,0.00007942913,0.00039726868,0.00028782678,0.000024807496],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022231983,0.000023340195,0.00012002016,0.0004817912,0.00064295344,0.00002561693,0.00004778834,0.000120021745,0.004999325,0.9645653,0.0009844216,0.027967224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045922503,0.0005047368,0.000087829154,0.0009947431,0.0004335132,0.00019689379,0.0022693696,0.0005646718,0.015103248,0.50924844,0.4686475,0.0014897992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016212156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00049180957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7462693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023620766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017059108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401432043","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61637-2","title":"The Microbiology of the Drop-in Biofuel Production","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biofuel; Production (economics); Drop (telecommunication); Biochemical engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Biotechnology; Engineering; Biology; Economics; Mechanical engineering; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.006997736847978353,"score_gpt":0.17857336238916663,"score_spread":0.17157562554118827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401432043","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19168629,0.5952154,0.000013743092,0.06378804,0.038862597,0.0049747266,0.0009342682,0.011229793,0.09329516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.35717785,0.1135576,0.00026563345,0.000101487436,0.00076035585,0.00013913854,0.000111481284,0.00021007763,0.5276764],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874365,0.000021054853,0.00040408972,0.0004385147,0.00009905613,0.0002936445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992036,0.000033962177,0.00010430241,0.00060435646,0.000039684583,0.000014052794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021336314,0.00035563542,0.0003164614,0.00028284037,0.000114308,0.00003980603,0.00048583475,0.00092140125,0.000004732684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005411998,0.00017786091,0.00013458161,0.0003617461,0.0012098454,0.000042332485,0.00035427793,0.0007955805,0.000026599195],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000072861876,0.000075180375,0.00115329,0.0063354233,0.00036564897,0.000015222441,0.00014582038,0.0000065493114,0.4093499,0.0048685167,0.27382988,0.30378172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010202284,0.000050526272,0.00013383977,0.00031284464,0.000045679324,0.000056022378,0.00019809594,0.00002303865,0.05992992,0.014297072,0.9245379,0.00031306667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000067524784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005143255,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.650708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010312853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059822247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7252958},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401433109","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61637-2_10","title":"Microbial Alkane/Alkene as Drop-in Biofuel","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Alkene; Alkane; Chemistry; Environmental science; Organic chemistry; Hydrocarbon; Catalysis","score_opus":0.005894281824748574,"score_gpt":0.20222434249397045,"score_spread":0.19633006066922187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401433109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5408849,0.29240826,0.000055588334,0.006957069,0.005487128,0.0016898167,0.0011692133,0.002860557,0.14848748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.32431784,0.06729692,0.0012539488,0.00019414994,0.0013662478,0.000049461236,0.00071072433,0.00023187484,0.60457885],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810255,0.000006096607,0.00039536803,0.0009996772,0.00011556936,0.00038072094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922526,0.0000035038615,0.00010837827,0.00056982954,0.00004786807,0.00004515045],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001326205,0.0005823994,0.0004508857,0.00045131333,0.000054872857,0.00006746141,0.00030875174,0.0014991709,0.000023327204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050991865,0.0004824631,0.00016953603,0.00011287725,0.00039209166,0.000005050202,0.00045002167,0.0004931814,0.00010420123],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051435316,0.0000268774,0.000041716758,0.00027155425,0.00009791564,0.0000439303,0.0000069975863,5.376595e-7,0.9517507,0.006799595,0.0026807908,0.03822796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023354367,0.00024917012,0.000024949846,0.00023217082,0.000062585495,0.00018970708,0.000027951952,0.0000016744676,0.21323714,0.008566132,0.77651685,0.0006581278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003490662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005901629,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7738361,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027702192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056528967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997971},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401433242","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61637-2_12","title":"Recent Advances in Genetic and Metabolic Engineering for Drop-in Biofuel Production","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofuel; Production (economics); Drop (telecommunication); Biochemical engineering; Metabolic engineering; Environmental science; Biotechnology; Engineering; Biology; Economics; Mechanical engineering; Genetics; Microeconomics; Gene","score_opus":0.007550699765112203,"score_gpt":0.2105649291674702,"score_spread":0.203014229402358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401433242","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13299002,0.86305594,0.00008480192,0.0010160726,0.0010697502,0.00077044894,0.000107329055,0.0002859014,0.00061974215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06789167,0.9112141,0.0034131529,0.000019826784,0.00056595885,0.00015362627,0.00012677096,0.00010004506,0.016514834],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985631,0.000003567345,0.0003193927,0.0007817441,0.00006557274,0.00026659298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995874,0.000003985576,0.000072305374,0.0002732683,0.00003830249,0.000024699977],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013331258,0.00037588004,0.00035940632,0.0004675996,0.00002667843,0.00003086121,0.000113380454,0.00061499677,0.0000013018986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009948138,0.0003195803,0.000058302398,0.00011769649,0.00013782158,0.000008941465,0.00014650942,0.00024200292,0.0000014932768],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005272539,0.000022465165,0.00026575322,0.00072308746,0.00004605868,0.000005610592,0.0000110910705,0.000022471195,0.547858,0.0028240632,0.000102106285,0.44806656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022815475,0.00014206425,0.00032984815,0.00024979076,0.000047148023,0.00005215777,0.000025701447,0.000034658584,0.073288456,0.0037467454,0.9213744,0.00048086676],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000034270272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000069733236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9212723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016659496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020930145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401433270","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61637-2_5","title":"Yeast-Based Drop-in Biofuels","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Biofuel; Yeast; Drop (telecommunication); Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Chemistry; Food science; Biochemical engineering; Biology; Biotechnology; Engineering; Biochemistry; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.007822231777296127,"score_gpt":0.2022441899338621,"score_spread":0.19442195815656596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401433270","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29453042,0.45405266,0.0004905962,0.012031858,0.006926168,0.0027445543,0.002433068,0.0055753277,0.22121535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.54786223,0.022315463,0.0021506553,0.00021542911,0.0009295942,0.00006664114,0.0006405922,0.0002245428,0.42559484],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864763,0.000004079846,0.00027363744,0.0007180798,0.00009537162,0.00026118092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999407,0.0000030256992,0.000073754716,0.0004528474,0.000033035507,0.000030318073],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010419202,0.00041282558,0.0003162657,0.00038345857,0.00003249089,0.000042046344,0.00020624555,0.0010409172,0.00001175529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004461902,0.00033303205,0.00012220464,0.00008616362,0.00028033412,0.0000026187486,0.00020457007,0.0003378196,0.000039371113],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043629327,0.000029052004,0.00007737054,0.0004128793,0.000073914256,0.000030538646,0.0000034896627,0.0000029531022,0.9208731,0.008404074,0.002296005,0.06775302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019767742,0.0001823255,0.00003230983,0.00023765147,0.00004386829,0.000029418936,0.000014397669,0.000011839789,0.18040143,0.005668393,0.81265205,0.0005286144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008835071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002273796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8103561,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001803744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043664968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401433305","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61637-2_14","title":"Currently and Future Legislation in Drop-in Biofuel Production","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofuel; Legislation; Drop (telecommunication); Production (economics); Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Agricultural economics; Business; Biochemical engineering; Economics; Waste management; Engineering; Political science; Law; Microeconomics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.011023373781171767,"score_gpt":0.19790168370428174,"score_spread":0.18687830992310997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401433305","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19338557,0.57785803,0.000017605242,0.03585702,0.016530775,0.0032171214,0.0003736208,0.013127637,0.15963262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.53237444,0.38520452,0.0007561817,0.000056133355,0.0018467916,0.000095025236,0.0002729467,0.00024252821,0.07915142],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985511,0.0000050830927,0.00036974717,0.0006686168,0.00014137763,0.00026407695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995971,0.000007898332,0.000060071772,0.00028204278,0.00002369374,0.00002923188],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013181714,0.00045239905,0.00036190377,0.0011013123,0.00004063548,0.00006837605,0.00012177498,0.0010866583,0.000016630362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009953084,0.0003728246,0.00005533417,0.00022565239,0.00028109006,0.00017291759,0.00013948267,0.0008123492,0.000031235646],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052105377,0.000047052064,0.0026487252,0.00394246,0.000074522104,0.00006580528,0.00016715437,0.0000034686166,0.010787771,0.018449359,0.0033155938,0.960446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032971837,0.00009416259,0.0010292965,0.00061951525,0.000042431457,0.00006241469,0.00039699927,0.00024357309,0.0029105302,0.044315647,0.94910693,0.0008487805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011345725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007337584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95959723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000092295806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013846035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401433333","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61637-2_13","title":"Drop-in Biofuel Production: An Environmental Assessment Perspective","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Production (economics); Biofuel; Drop (telecommunication); Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Economics; Waste management; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Microeconomics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.011735057047472894,"score_gpt":0.21777397297372084,"score_spread":0.20603891592624796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401433333","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11338332,0.19136597,0.000045449437,0.019746032,0.0121366205,0.003759281,0.0013230303,0.025333755,0.63290656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.76821405,0.05528922,0.0014528071,0.00005951361,0.0007276576,0.000088132656,0.00023993987,0.00024732176,0.17368136],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998115,0.000006948069,0.00035499947,0.000954621,0.00023472575,0.00033370953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993245,0.000007795404,0.00006385047,0.00052649993,0.000019527302,0.000057821002],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012507192,0.00060428795,0.00042015818,0.0007250176,0.00008531296,0.000088268,0.00024884797,0.0010050187,0.00011678072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000059336435,0.00050133734,0.0001128589,0.00011690114,0.0005872267,0.00019938199,0.00022604149,0.0009606358,0.000119437034],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018267671,0.0007263483,0.00379211,0.0062265145,0.001275158,0.000771957,0.00087494066,0.000030393758,0.20451963,0.21158743,0.0133052,0.5567076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005596393,0.0006514413,0.0010643261,0.0005623461,0.00020485815,0.00026189952,0.0053769904,0.0004541834,0.015056896,0.17179129,0.8015099,0.0025062403],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011797199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021610194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78820467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041342227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000246537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997438},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401433496","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61637-2_3","title":"Renewable Residues as Feedstock for Drop-in Biofuel Production","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Raw material; Biofuel; Renewable energy; Production (economics); Drop (telecommunication); Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Natural resource economics; Biochemical engineering; Waste management; Economics; Chemistry; Engineering; Microeconomics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.017728826178731817,"score_gpt":0.22192200053209019,"score_spread":0.20419317435335838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401433496","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.010532749,0.20637248,0.00031399677,0.0442448,0.0051916568,0.0055348137,0.0011795934,0.030473076,0.69615686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.043770377,0.048741717,0.00353993,0.00005427847,0.00063986576,0.0008588994,0.00024048226,0.00023868655,0.9019158],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985756,0.0000018890111,0.00036057856,0.0006577469,0.000111625195,0.00029255616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935097,0.00001976399,0.00006053535,0.00048557943,0.00005348467,0.000029648145],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000107329906,0.0004208153,0.00036182528,0.00062622014,0.00009899919,0.00007958054,0.00020872752,0.0008246177,0.000016607484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042616473,0.00035911062,0.000097823926,0.00018142306,0.00031573954,0.0000824271,0.00011513358,0.00040596293,0.00009827509],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000115282346,0.00011159602,0.00023812198,0.0069371965,0.00050954765,0.000025898144,0.00016192392,0.000045622433,0.10381168,0.33720717,0.20545998,0.34537596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009085469,0.000063618325,0.000015627886,0.00021236208,0.000043375152,0.00002101174,0.000109931294,0.000038625978,0.018829854,0.2627234,0.7174341,0.0004172577],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039081246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023575124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5119741,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008066516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024018349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998861},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409206922","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-85036-3_6","title":"Empirical and Intelligent Modelling of Biomass Hydrothermal Liquefaction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrothermal liquefaction; Hydrothermal circulation; Biomass (ecology); Liquefaction; Environmental science; Geology; Oceanography; Engineering; Waste management; Geotechnical engineering; Biofuel; Seismology","score_opus":0.02736127111933438,"score_gpt":0.22276538897510445,"score_spread":0.19540411785577008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409206922","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5305322,0.23851813,0.012379173,0.003415349,0.0014047854,0.0018242672,0.0009241185,0.01590256,0.19509943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95945656,0.02611185,0.0020976726,0.000029079487,0.000031710362,0.000018207555,0.000032708824,0.00006615998,0.012156043],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991006,0.0000026594853,0.00031167726,0.00031104055,0.0001073303,0.00016666936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995712,0.00005806861,0.000077836004,0.0002234852,0.000039761835,0.000029626292],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000043497133,0.00033316071,0.00038168262,0.00036976044,0.000031135092,0.000019107258,0.00016894363,0.00088728726,0.000019273137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015083167,0.00027498842,0.00006795749,0.0000782445,0.00036834026,0.000049588325,0.00019976273,0.00026708606,0.000003300548],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014632025,0.000058836715,0.00045704527,0.0076070726,0.0006956574,0.000031204214,0.000095152725,0.000037024645,0.3037287,0.022597501,0.0023011202,0.6622444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001552706,0.00009006532,0.000005901401,0.0005124407,0.00008554648,0.000011980507,0.00006583795,0.0012901716,0.92809993,0.030933717,0.038201634,0.00054749055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000053180433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012474427,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66169685,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033114036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017177146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997026},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415689666","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-02420-6_7","title":"Lipases and Phospholipases as Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Lipase; Transesterification; Biodiesel; Biofuel; Biodiesel production; Triacylglycerol lipase; Raw material","score_opus":0.01172319000214996,"score_gpt":0.2354192143968309,"score_spread":0.22369602439468092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415689666","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32640982,0.5822531,0.00059918535,0.010203115,0.0025162478,0.006000805,0.0040522027,0.0022211925,0.065744355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.19270808,0.16932927,0.0022018221,0.00042630453,0.00053566654,0.00045816292,0.0060705435,0.00013039896,0.62813973],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985892,0.000004973655,0.0002871892,0.00082230975,0.00008681391,0.00020949438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913925,0.000019470057,0.00017863666,0.000485785,0.00014609247,0.000030786858],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009544196,0.00039650174,0.0003528487,0.00024793798,0.00016121249,0.00005631981,0.0001685074,0.00081292057,0.0000036958857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003566129,0.00032115262,0.00011878734,0.000067117435,0.00054548326,0.000008303337,0.00033556606,0.00011071707,0.0000027558797],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041340414,0.00013081255,0.00064599945,0.0015562121,0.00069868605,0.0000055978603,0.00002264233,5.844726e-7,0.52988964,0.025006382,0.07662168,0.36500838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022081574,0.00039712316,0.000028523467,0.00015778244,0.00014700265,0.000018717283,0.00008265713,0.0000019324455,0.45379424,0.004116748,0.5406239,0.0004105596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011419501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002436756,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5623954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012419411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006224183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415689674","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-02420-6_12","title":"Enzyme Immobilization for Enzyme Application in the Biofuel Industry","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofuel; Gasoline; Biomass (ecology); Bioenergy; Immobilized enzyme; Fossil fuel; Renewable energy","score_opus":0.013414225741278587,"score_gpt":0.24441603737912232,"score_spread":0.23100181163784372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415689674","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17991693,0.36827937,0.16092598,0.032162424,0.0031640017,0.031713136,0.006505193,0.0038328632,0.2135001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86349726,0.019132238,0.0013518757,0.0012739603,0.0005210212,0.0016048866,0.009446976,0.00014246695,0.10302931],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983704,0.000018755885,0.0004578105,0.00075017934,0.00014040023,0.00026244577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987823,0.000043157022,0.00026311562,0.00076148263,0.00012921466,0.0000207279],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027588985,0.0004142166,0.0003395116,0.0003079724,0.00012895938,0.00005862322,0.00048660976,0.002194571,0.0000041402527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013584741,0.00030074932,0.00014801198,0.0001807732,0.00032179258,0.000010107037,0.00024204967,0.0003808647,0.000002880086],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028509274,0.00034620185,0.0024518743,0.0012349051,0.00033371733,0.000005516991,0.00007690371,0.000026009864,0.49760625,0.074073315,0.025841366,0.39771885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070370897,0.00044832248,0.0002107552,0.0001686568,0.0001541587,0.000016428683,0.0002957409,0.00019442005,0.15669349,0.019622084,0.8206896,0.00080261705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014457624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010452128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79484826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002994036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007619725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415689705","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-02420-6_9","title":"Technological Approaches in Fermentation Techniques for Enzyme Production and Application in Biorefineries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuel and biorefinery technologies","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biorefinery; Biofuel; Fermentation; Sustainability; Production (economics); Process integration; Bioreactor; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Metabolic engineering","score_opus":0.026305370983103905,"score_gpt":0.22130258528774538,"score_spread":0.19499721430464148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415689705","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24351071,0.271856,0.024015622,0.113468,0.0051727416,0.054989394,0.002214003,0.08614834,0.19862519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9269134,0.04069722,0.012710052,0.000059927595,0.00012932421,0.0015348273,0.0003503383,0.00009435346,0.017510563],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859303,0.0000067211836,0.00040872503,0.0006614656,0.000093301045,0.00023678322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955916,0.000021737289,0.00008912998,0.0002845343,0.000028704311,0.000016735812],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022014407,0.0004003249,0.00040093012,0.0011078655,0.000061589075,0.000039010964,0.00015205074,0.0012563895,0.0000017184892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006392776,0.00033966688,0.00004621682,0.00021275612,0.0007322348,0.00012542772,0.00013955473,0.00042137073,0.0000012367649],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007695708,0.00005201382,0.0011006218,0.002160238,0.0000305928,0.000002480062,0.000030110743,0.0000031598734,0.024562662,0.042489745,0.0010054467,0.928486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011552382,0.0005235968,0.0017515636,0.0016375945,0.00012834358,0.00005967115,0.001490024,0.0020092614,0.29194114,0.16853334,0.528141,0.0026291998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007448856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040674924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92585677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000111166206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014869272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}