{"meta":{"query_hash":"5e6fe41df76c","filters":{"venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science"},"cohort_total":29,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":29,"exported":29,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/5e6fe41df76c","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Boston+studies+in+the+philosophy+of+science"},"results":[{"id":"W1017221677","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-4408-0_5","title":"Climate and Logic","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Religion, Ecology, and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.21560841705394135,"score_gpt":0.40851198520955717,"score_spread":0.19290356815561582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1017221677","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00067823974,0.026686516,6.1249017e-7,0.016666166,0.0008634567,0.00030982622,0.000009691963,0.000017951985,0.9547675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83416635,0.15886009,0.00015497628,0.0012983104,0.00065388845,0.000014357641,5.557514e-7,0.000012473105,0.0048389956],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99797446,0.00008314159,0.0003315035,0.00034871095,0.0007941047,0.00046810444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984167,0.000664494,0.00030305612,0.00030210312,0.0002434641,0.0000701365],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005896478,0.00018892883,0.00039440815,0.00020598894,0.0013059155,0.000026174159,0.0008884907,0.00020896798,0.000013389213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055651914,0.00013128115,0.0000685909,0.00018495097,0.028567592,0.00019398802,0.00037049621,0.00038091073,0.000026038377],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051428983,0.00001183636,0.0001403299,0.00004830424,0.000009287776,0.000002750191,0.033712745,3.366513e-7,0.0000045568186,0.9653132,0.00032190752,0.0004296171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007216182,0.00006532705,0.00043988912,0.00016352921,0.000031053798,0.000003879381,0.005557301,4.1219934e-7,0.0000027125204,0.9584018,0.03509524,0.00016667356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006471318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016341385,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9499285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009983893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001395848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W133953156","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-3851-7_4","title":"Learning Through Fictional Narratives in Art and Science","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Fall of man; Galileo (satellite navigation); Narrative; Falling (accident); Tower; Philosophy; Psychology; Literature; Art; History; Geodesy; Geography; Law; Political science","score_opus":0.13368492480975383,"score_gpt":0.30995774814296023,"score_spread":0.1762728233332064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W133953156","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008027059,0.0023326932,7.1181245e-7,0.0031481078,0.0010886692,0.00024642303,0.000014170304,0.000018434506,0.98512375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97051203,0.0007303321,0.0002693831,0.0003994467,0.0005205792,0.000019993322,0.0000011492463,0.000014059807,0.027533023],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99715906,0.000024887051,0.00045355211,0.0007294068,0.0012651505,0.0003679544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987136,0.00020756875,0.00034572996,0.0003363474,0.00034709333,0.000049656217],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022918591,0.000296433,0.00043891824,0.0006976689,0.0024444284,0.00010875529,0.0012964049,0.000066530214,0.00008614612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023111097,0.0002169008,0.00006659685,0.00022076948,0.090080984,0.0011366229,0.00040203345,0.00090966985,0.000022936836],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010502812,0.00002404552,0.000009354021,0.000033749184,0.000004503611,0.0000057607285,0.16176485,0.0000042794286,0.00041287977,0.837513,0.000063890555,0.00015315822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015684144,0.00025924522,0.000091076974,0.0004079787,0.000008425554,0.000014561236,0.013841793,0.00000586275,0.000042898857,0.8703384,0.11453448,0.00029845312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021495167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016862134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96248496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012801026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027864904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1582285100","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-5351-8_1","title":"The Riddle of Bacon","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Historical Philosophy and Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy","score_opus":0.2189077750395108,"score_gpt":0.3069193850445602,"score_spread":0.08801161000504937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1582285100","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00023302333,0.020633413,5.8033606e-7,0.002246373,0.0017156395,0.00026603809,0.000034876837,0.000010390339,0.97485965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95778,0.0013931489,0.000019397266,0.00022978918,0.0009145283,0.000013581207,5.609146e-7,0.000013288501,0.0396357],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99750715,0.000037108686,0.0005980444,0.00033153442,0.0011734425,0.0003526885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99766254,0.00065624126,0.0005325637,0.0006914739,0.00040641765,0.00005075638],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023033977,0.0002540758,0.00045890527,0.00020013857,0.00138191,0.00003383714,0.002012639,0.000053743104,0.000060900842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002234919,0.00013147933,0.00017091018,0.00011624547,0.03220679,0.0002714491,0.00034095056,0.0003452423,0.000041300056],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012286064,0.000028405417,0.0000016542477,0.000055762146,0.0000152419025,0.0000011181113,0.033710174,9.657226e-7,0.000022960101,0.96426,0.000756856,0.001134564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007502716,0.00014311426,0.000009033943,0.00016947537,0.00003482051,0.0000023360228,0.0017255541,0.0000018641168,0.000036926103,0.72674453,0.27088124,0.00017609577],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027549371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004470168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.957547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010467772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009108977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W158913836","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-2946-8_9","title":"The Functions of Intellectual Rubbish","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Value (mathematics); Conversation; Sociology; Psychology; Communication; Computer science","score_opus":0.1264202935341388,"score_gpt":0.3663822233864974,"score_spread":0.2399619298523586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W158913836","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004212019,0.012212978,0.000010180839,0.004663171,0.001579496,0.00053917867,0.000017241286,0.000014709277,0.9805418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91868657,0.012291158,0.000028692602,0.0005586366,0.00061644893,0.00003512908,6.6032464e-7,0.000017996015,0.06776472],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99715877,0.00015473666,0.00054329005,0.00035242276,0.0013931695,0.0003975861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99628675,0.002060302,0.0004379068,0.000475674,0.0006876599,0.000051722673],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042469865,0.00021652032,0.0004941626,0.00019081292,0.0028739665,0.000043500404,0.001538254,0.0001248008,0.000029634935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027806857,0.00013791773,0.00022643563,0.0005336442,0.030648623,0.00014087815,0.0001627503,0.0003903238,0.000017956923],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002039529,0.000025125824,0.000012854689,0.00001921702,0.000052407126,0.00000145561,0.07906679,0.0000014358271,0.00001267268,0.9136109,0.0043502753,0.00282649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018747988,0.00014001557,0.000029321453,0.00020751084,0.00007927775,0.0000012835088,0.05539311,0.0000012131069,0.000015497028,0.5194912,0.42421427,0.00023979365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015505575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007005078,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91826534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019005302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004594293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984242},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W174961187","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-5485-0","title":"The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universität Paderborn; Fritz Thyssen Stiftung; McMaster University; University of Pittsburgh","keywords":"Empiricism; Group (periodic table); Epistemology; Philosophy; Chemistry","score_opus":0.10985642356898358,"score_gpt":0.29383701213096197,"score_spread":0.1839805885619784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W174961187","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0015776712,0.033813205,0.0000010121828,0.011722425,0.0018562909,0.0010296244,0.000058662525,0.000025069232,0.94991606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9556232,0.0057336106,0.000035760895,0.0021322824,0.0023560014,0.00016687256,0.0000034625928,0.000034020813,0.03391476],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99575394,0.00024252938,0.00099548,0.0007213882,0.0017388806,0.00054778205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954641,0.0019643696,0.00090775394,0.0010933535,0.0004926758,0.000077740086],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0043084244,0.0004995244,0.0009744346,0.00036293457,0.0030202998,0.00015522027,0.0033782134,0.00009865243,0.000031757594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003838982,0.0002195138,0.00029953563,0.00028442446,0.113567345,0.00039288445,0.00086272415,0.00072050636,0.000026960799],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006159476,0.000067766596,0.0000037014208,0.00010840737,0.000050531595,0.0000033603485,0.04944472,0.0000012038342,0.000006893048,0.94144225,0.008215345,0.000594245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050527527,0.00024314997,0.00005313796,0.00029225682,0.000078041936,0.00000865569,0.003655395,0.000015209842,0.0000029641722,0.8613177,0.13355574,0.00027250958],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009902051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013696881,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95404553,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015455052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025394655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1853622319","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-14349-1_6","title":"The Physiology of the Sense Organs and Early Neo-Kantian Conceptions of Objectivity: Helmholtz, Lange, Liebmann","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Objectivity (philosophy); Doctrine; Philosophy; Epistemology; Nothing; Theology","score_opus":0.12631364769993025,"score_gpt":0.2936791794484042,"score_spread":0.16736553174847396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1853622319","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06069686,0.013148106,3.525757e-7,0.0031456824,0.0017902462,0.0005920971,0.00020549107,0.000017122216,0.920404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98876655,0.0008360292,0.0000068701497,0.00015307029,0.00038555393,0.000009358413,5.294232e-7,0.000012906745,0.009829139],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980668,0.000084326406,0.00045480582,0.00037321306,0.000765363,0.00025552043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976382,0.00038520517,0.00061759417,0.0007174045,0.0006015041,0.00004007429],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012721397,0.00024782523,0.0005445685,0.00020520466,0.0011719547,0.000027024325,0.0010742242,0.000056659555,0.000011421243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017718818,0.00012713358,0.00013904682,0.0001374098,0.048125017,0.00017666571,0.00047797896,0.00032049656,0.000005095445],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021664026,0.000036495003,0.000016971027,0.00006458725,0.000042994907,0.0000014095025,0.09507625,0.0000021247458,0.00059796334,0.90310496,0.0008286671,0.00020591274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037011644,0.00049645244,0.0016222555,0.00053069036,0.00014483758,0.0000147759965,0.014544908,0.0000047914,0.00014269388,0.88283867,0.098921716,0.00036810647],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021773868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00071817025,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9280697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006409359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002186912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95446545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W207190686","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-2946-8_5","title":"Science as Training for Autonomy","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Ethics in medical practice","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Jargon; Autonomy; Promotion (chess); Task (project management); Obligation; Domain (mathematical analysis); Quality (philosophy); Philosophy of science; Aesthetics; Epistemology; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy; Political science; Law; Engineering; Politics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.49728668669188747,"score_gpt":0.5608449471631891,"score_spread":0.06355826047130164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W207190686","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00018658093,0.0019747259,0.00007236213,0.022671465,0.0029505836,0.001780431,0.000020914784,0.000031170606,0.97031176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6756785,0.004404055,0.022249904,0.07296694,0.0031935978,0.0011329146,0.000005866494,0.00021252813,0.22015572],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9941316,0.0003270662,0.0011235845,0.00096477807,0.0025045576,0.00094841403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98232263,0.013862202,0.0011287516,0.0010409243,0.0014905179,0.00015499347],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.041947547,0.00035859592,0.00075492664,0.00083204836,0.0053940406,0.00001809901,0.0029236772,0.00031882137,0.000056628443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.037818808,0.00025369797,0.00012557187,0.00082167244,0.04336215,0.00045201814,0.0007601298,0.0039468617,0.000079375066],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023697843,0.000020332569,0.00000504875,0.00032023244,0.000018108978,0.0000046006858,0.039015606,0.0000016952283,0.000068685236,0.9588957,0.0008534541,0.0007728237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003244692,0.00022487124,0.0000124119415,0.0015173836,0.000048383547,0.000007413786,0.014142724,0.000008976348,0.000018056164,0.8607291,0.12272908,0.00023715336],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014071825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008249892,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75015604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000793395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00675926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129176646","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-4408-0_2","title":"The Philosophical Matrix of Scientific Progress","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy; Matrix (chemical analysis); Sociology of scientific knowledge; Social constructivism; Scientific revolution; Chemistry","score_opus":0.2723567444655299,"score_gpt":0.37892514010335776,"score_spread":0.10656839563782788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129176646","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.056058984,0.047500376,0.0000026464854,0.12889193,0.009689343,0.002588172,0.0002115869,0.00007719041,0.7549798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912453,0.0015314966,0.00007124943,0.0003069188,0.00033023677,0.000030975076,9.27623e-7,0.000016798554,0.00646609],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957691,0.00009636528,0.00072878704,0.0007524778,0.0021117066,0.00054159935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99723554,0.0007718281,0.0006717615,0.0009651194,0.00027859918,0.00007716755],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032851987,0.00033159892,0.00049812417,0.00035295432,0.0012261489,0.000042848886,0.0029498707,0.00011884878,0.00001309218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044851724,0.00017859535,0.00019964954,0.0004982634,0.05787035,0.00021397523,0.00077247777,0.000513905,0.000055588334],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006412834,0.00013867015,0.000030620864,0.00007920624,0.000015430396,0.000009726572,0.0009421944,0.0000023139796,0.0026329232,0.9932198,0.00041862216,0.0024463492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023956563,0.00022517826,0.00032287935,0.00040318086,0.000041402232,0.00006250211,0.000120316894,0.000005525468,0.0032437262,0.9854052,0.009679277,0.00025122953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000010880111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001094704,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9351863,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008233822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012023457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94469357},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W216752641","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-2946-8_35","title":"For Public Responsibility for Spaceship Earth","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Grassroots; Political science; Ignorance; Public relations; Democracy; Autonomy; Scientific literacy; Politics; Engineering ethics; Law; Science education; Engineering","score_opus":0.21766870600808516,"score_gpt":0.37127332704332483,"score_spread":0.15360462103523967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W216752641","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0064451527,0.0016118446,0.00067184493,0.019735856,0.002528257,0.0044281725,0.0005801215,0.00002666337,0.9639721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9692092,0.00006395559,0.002192966,0.0006547179,0.0011712328,0.0003149394,0.0000133826825,0.000035689725,0.026343925],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99787194,0.00003417994,0.00043291683,0.00063597265,0.00055879145,0.00046619264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977893,0.00072744925,0.00037617353,0.0006322897,0.00040583636,0.000068939815],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038359012,0.00027943504,0.00050457724,0.0002507304,0.00055185455,0.00006336985,0.00103165,0.00006167722,0.000014180523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003695608,0.00019193164,0.00025082144,0.0002667145,0.0048357914,0.00026568992,0.00012796526,0.00018079308,0.0000053371477],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007645475,0.000037259342,0.00016443613,0.000043521537,0.000028873823,2.4076394e-7,0.0007760234,0.0000044612893,0.000096139636,0.9963321,0.0016957467,0.0007447338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004633145,0.00027899188,0.000048273727,0.0001204089,0.000033583492,5.5188156e-7,0.0012234207,0.000013332876,0.00043797205,0.9371461,0.059978448,0.00025556385],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009986698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001064606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.962764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004315379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035913766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2499760019","doi":"10.1007/978-94-010-9766-6_12","title":"Canadian Scientists, CBW Weapons and Japan, 1939–1945","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; History","score_opus":0.08131713174733034,"score_gpt":0.2720825414899815,"score_spread":0.19076540974265116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2499760019","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.003470085,0.0037338783,7.485042e-8,0.0022658193,0.0099630905,0.0004967549,0.0002832884,0.000020372212,0.9797666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4256845,0.001563328,0.000085529915,0.00087842735,0.00034348542,0.000020580805,0.000015452995,0.00003277703,0.5713759],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967804,0.000026607406,0.00053572975,0.0008071769,0.001238858,0.0006112233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985094,0.00012619035,0.00026147332,0.0006267707,0.00030063937,0.00017550674],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001622781,0.00037191718,0.0004681901,0.00106617,0.0018097262,0.0002499742,0.0014568266,0.00007160862,0.0005434022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009767468,0.00027562992,0.000087678265,0.00018941825,0.018574232,0.0003789378,0.00033232255,0.00033372932,0.00013715505],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000104002165,0.000029523482,0.000057384983,0.00009313002,0.0000645409,0.000029416366,0.08644878,0.0000010120384,0.0000072420594,0.8841992,0.02455507,0.004504275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016975038,0.000051639414,0.00036368516,0.0004920339,0.000036891157,0.00001256085,0.0036798134,0.0000019567588,0.000004118204,0.18276134,0.81203026,0.00039597013],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004220113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04569387,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78747517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029777354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005500979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W252851714","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-2946-8_27","title":"Science and Art","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Museums and Cultural Heritage","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Photography; Perspective (graphical); The arts; Visual arts; Art; Aesthetics; Sociology","score_opus":0.1590908532372135,"score_gpt":0.3006931676153849,"score_spread":0.1416023143781714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W252851714","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.001042748,0.0036681802,6.2844855e-8,0.0018937971,0.00060094555,0.00022687805,0.000017518918,0.000010194615,0.9925397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.67308724,0.0028900004,0.00008580538,0.0032131872,0.00061045005,0.000020775558,0.0000010964112,0.00002611232,0.32006535],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99799776,0.00000925763,0.0002842985,0.0004248958,0.0010198716,0.00026388766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884987,0.000066019806,0.00018185114,0.0003462038,0.00051236176,0.00004367773],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014606724,0.00021878356,0.00032163569,0.00030422164,0.0010931019,0.000110159286,0.0008081146,0.000030231771,0.00010319099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012091213,0.00012724602,0.000048384787,0.00012636023,0.037942823,0.00035313197,0.0002561689,0.00020342528,0.000025170193],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027709757,0.000010487894,7.7106705e-7,0.00004916812,0.000006756685,0.0000038183884,0.021290075,1.02030846e-7,0.000047432277,0.9753873,0.0027978977,0.0004034186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010252339,0.00017105891,0.000013363968,0.00033850296,0.000021249143,0.0000114374425,0.005675326,0.000001426021,0.000024285837,0.3117198,0.68166834,0.00025268595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007817235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000039471888,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67887044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006925034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001110201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96467537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W258118981","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-9225-0_4","title":"General Concept of Matter: To Be Is To Become","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Encyclopedia; Nothing; Adjective; Philosophy; State of matter; Subject matter; Epistemology; Theoretical physics; Noun; Physics; Linguistics; Sociology; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.06905088957988066,"score_gpt":0.3327851597127077,"score_spread":0.2637342701328271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W258118981","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08315625,0.00064573955,0.0011410294,0.057814565,0.0013397862,0.002690186,0.001983269,0.000020801584,0.8512084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99119806,0.0000121145795,0.0010091758,0.002213411,0.00030734902,0.00006984266,0.0000042320253,0.000018663399,0.005167156],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852467,0.0000065413374,0.00039046328,0.0003939015,0.00047019054,0.00021421652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874735,0.00006462823,0.0002383169,0.00064857607,0.00023306483,0.000068040856],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038030854,0.00021075425,0.0004136469,0.0001892147,0.00019512328,0.00001319251,0.0011077876,0.000039882238,0.00015499085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007260495,0.00015906898,0.000112787224,0.00021096387,0.0012177683,0.00004680505,0.0004633318,0.00021753402,0.00005376824],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031378445,0.000029955694,0.000018417642,0.0000118010275,0.00002301513,1.9204055e-7,0.003743958,0.0000032515263,0.0019074823,0.99199015,0.0017647487,0.00050389994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000103807404,0.00011218061,0.00006438189,0.00012300968,0.000028644485,5.929756e-7,0.0004646517,0.000007326829,0.006354163,0.96189874,0.030600712,0.00024180517],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048900936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000033787462,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90804183,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021265501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006095938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6486645},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2659788711","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-57669-5_23","title":"Joseph Agassi’s Educational Thoughts in Interchange (1970–1987)","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Education Methods and Practices","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Presupposition; Period (music); Sociology; Media studies; Library science; Pedagogy; Epistemology; Art; Philosophy; Aesthetics; Computer science","score_opus":0.36968530693256885,"score_gpt":0.5093614949027798,"score_spread":0.13967618797021097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2659788711","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00086925033,0.0063588964,0.0000026732966,0.048321053,0.002863386,0.00045701768,0.000016124279,0.00000868278,0.9411029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7611968,0.025468366,0.0061514685,0.001777023,0.0063309013,0.00018886772,0.00000645617,0.000046603585,0.1988335],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971,0.00030084525,0.00048112083,0.0005268238,0.0012299069,0.00036130092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959572,0.002041154,0.0008515532,0.0006664918,0.0004117596,0.00007183586],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.009038838,0.00023623278,0.00044073156,0.0005236821,0.001313759,0.000111216475,0.0023554836,0.00013968024,0.000086211505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0035185907,0.00017834813,0.000104801125,0.00020680933,0.011948025,0.0007107361,0.0003145715,0.00051911577,0.000034508445],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014495654,0.000074868236,0.00023468188,0.000054890148,0.000018089637,0.0000040413124,0.12246345,6.9235546e-7,0.000010109529,0.8705698,0.0012792168,0.005275667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000939508,0.00004337435,0.0011277822,0.0006062744,0.000020386766,0.000002406775,0.008948736,6.416916e-7,0.000008873022,0.8323551,0.1565789,0.00021357895],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00053128327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022736841,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7603276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031461782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010434694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2687956811","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-57669-5_9","title":"Two Philosophical Contributions to Modern Physics","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphysics; Galileo (satellite navigation); Copernican principle; Philosophy; Epistemology; Motion (physics); Modern physics; Philosophy of science; Physical law; Theoretical physics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Geography","score_opus":0.18308431875956965,"score_gpt":0.3700543206864036,"score_spread":0.18697000192683394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2687956811","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00018482206,0.0021560285,0.000014653585,0.023067895,0.0016035596,0.000508697,0.00018356573,0.00002435134,0.9722564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.915123,0.00038635253,0.00006359543,0.002505818,0.0047107306,0.00004212735,0.0000046187174,0.000023706818,0.07714005],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972785,0.000017505534,0.0004448574,0.0005667412,0.001286655,0.00040572093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976226,0.0001604628,0.00037148662,0.0009271718,0.00079560815,0.0001226378],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014550159,0.00032313252,0.0006544945,0.00030070136,0.0020507567,0.00006319069,0.0020163555,0.00005291315,0.000049336857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040449065,0.00021521613,0.00015208562,0.000049177226,0.028776553,0.00034596043,0.00037100454,0.00043398666,0.00011391019],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001364881,0.000036362577,6.9094426e-7,0.000031426025,0.00002050095,0.000014499265,0.041583326,0.000006408963,0.00006237339,0.9544497,0.0022353018,0.0015457217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025984424,0.00021359693,0.0000025520926,0.0005966761,0.000054095497,0.0000046669065,0.0008977533,0.000011458164,0.000018285536,0.8416108,0.15608186,0.00024843102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037768972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010212228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9149382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021034705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002571123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99924845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2774019321","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48893-6_3","title":"“Broken Symmetry”: Physics, Aesthetics, and Moral Virtue in Nuclear Age America","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Humanism; Virtue; Contemplation; Faith; Modernity; Politics; Epistemology; Sociology; Environmental ethics; Philosophy; Aesthetics; Law; Political science; Theology","score_opus":0.11579917985499112,"score_gpt":0.29178769577331154,"score_spread":0.17598851591832043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2774019321","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0023116993,0.0019320785,3.2076085e-7,0.0009983617,0.0057665384,0.00048660804,0.00008406436,0.000021044545,0.98839927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8769708,0.0015584627,0.00021946989,0.00054818654,0.00035623577,0.000012197124,0.000007138329,0.000044694094,0.12028276],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99761605,0.000028042838,0.0004597419,0.0006455263,0.0008969936,0.000353659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984575,0.000072451716,0.00050424953,0.00073836953,0.00017496856,0.00005246083],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009031631,0.00033556882,0.00058289774,0.00037241835,0.00085849664,0.00021789451,0.0015207131,0.000055288816,0.000032598342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010143089,0.00024967853,0.00008533782,0.000058730482,0.022624157,0.00038439612,0.0007899715,0.00037115908,0.000055606375],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014925448,0.000058318372,0.000045152305,0.00008683211,0.000033445314,0.000045994177,0.05564737,9.619852e-7,0.00000763485,0.93400794,0.0029755242,0.007075906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000401952,0.00015032224,0.0006559458,0.0009505,0.000038505637,0.0000053449794,0.0058455323,0.00001243215,0.0000048946863,0.6479084,0.3434548,0.0005713523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008800121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007939272,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8746592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000063223626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997069549","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-25572-5_3","title":"Leibniz in Cantor’s Paradise: A Dialogue on the Actual Infinite","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Historical Philosophy and Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Cantor's diagonal argument; Infinite set; Axiom; Gödel's incompleteness theorems; Mathematics; Premise; Mathematical proof; Cantor set; Philosophy; Epistemology; Pure mathematics; Set (abstract data type); Gödel; Computer science","score_opus":0.19431604482662118,"score_gpt":0.2988772740766069,"score_spread":0.10456122924998573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2997069549","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0026712466,0.0020013088,2.3328116e-7,0.007899221,0.0017916841,0.00062579336,0.00009569359,0.000016167061,0.9848986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97389084,0.00047534134,0.0000043610758,0.0019959223,0.0006912115,0.000031216197,0.000002016494,0.000018611501,0.022890456],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99686354,0.00007786842,0.0006198975,0.0006464244,0.001339955,0.00045228592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971807,0.001320846,0.00038325618,0.00086946314,0.0001904542,0.000055308312],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019745312,0.00040556013,0.0006364922,0.0005047698,0.0008416671,0.00007211444,0.0022664033,0.000087820204,0.00011011238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045089494,0.00021862808,0.00016672027,0.00022226112,0.01603798,0.00026636908,0.00032436507,0.00076698617,0.00017080961],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029978195,0.000047046804,0.000006346945,0.0000363528,0.0000133712765,0.00001232066,0.063660726,0.000015027532,0.000005676978,0.93442005,0.0015634309,0.00018964498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024456801,0.0004445322,0.00007346046,0.00067424244,0.00002663661,0.0000036760787,0.002722909,0.0000135743585,0.0000074439586,0.80794173,0.18738717,0.00046005493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013751774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00050030043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9712196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029905833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026526744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9866398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W418611154","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-2759-5_4","title":"Achieving Robustness to Confirm Controversial Hypotheses: A Case Study in Cell Biology","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Robustness (evolution); Biology; Epistemology; Evolutionary biology; Philosophy; Genetics","score_opus":0.06799415954865003,"score_gpt":0.3456488060400837,"score_spread":0.2776546464914337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W418611154","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7837234,0.009465046,0.00011887027,0.0003114673,0.00019822501,0.002340907,0.00002822307,0.000018609406,0.20379522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978179,0.00043466064,0.00021051131,0.00025181915,0.00019103149,0.000054889497,0.000003040124,0.000020638301,0.00101552],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980493,0.000092535585,0.0005012828,0.0006882745,0.00030408832,0.0003645081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99845487,0.00013260696,0.00029821077,0.0008357363,0.00022168354,0.000056908542],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017561772,0.00033202206,0.0006107493,0.00045091976,0.0001574914,0.000016167529,0.0009295252,0.00014662268,0.0000054073557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025734238,0.00025553693,0.00013186474,0.00022645484,0.0023292403,0.000011890404,0.000898598,0.00025077892,0.0000029129208],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019052745,0.005933294,0.01974596,0.0010507683,0.0020046658,0.005862862,0.06515614,0.0009921284,0.8345462,0.029774409,0.0030720844,0.029956227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03137179,0.059551865,0.003957547,0.005626537,0.0068554985,0.0061217695,0.30376574,0.00030770167,0.31908146,0.057056054,0.18326776,0.023036268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015087005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030654768,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5154647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007619199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008860944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999897},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W42581967","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-1331-3_12","title":"Burtt’s Philosophy after 1935","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Soul; Period (music); Seekers; Philosophy; Literature; Art history; Psychoanalysis; Epistemology; Theology; Art; Psychology; Aesthetics","score_opus":0.14293804739245033,"score_gpt":0.3714253460220456,"score_spread":0.22848729862959524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W42581967","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0010204238,0.027193448,0.0000016440889,0.0019258036,0.0021169654,0.00050241884,0.000060790993,0.000031833446,0.9671467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8659788,0.0023750835,0.00010763945,0.0019802882,0.0010986693,0.00019150713,0.0000020482346,0.00004785018,0.12821814],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99615085,0.000055816985,0.00081264845,0.0009976253,0.0013193593,0.0006636787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976463,0.0002282218,0.000501959,0.0012821916,0.00024702464,0.00009435432],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010463331,0.0005661663,0.0008355275,0.0005655349,0.0003611298,0.0000278628,0.0021870784,0.0002319464,0.00075532147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007232733,0.00038639852,0.00028164685,0.00044909996,0.013316258,0.00023196962,0.0005253588,0.00062777573,0.00055719435],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011389954,0.00014697599,0.000070967304,0.00007771024,0.00010127776,0.00019035171,0.022538511,0.0000027888627,0.000019137897,0.9736732,0.0016034178,0.0014617465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010636194,0.0011556975,0.0014038179,0.0013459742,0.00015266582,0.00019831581,0.0023916927,0.00000781943,0.000045117133,0.7786885,0.21212628,0.0014205173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028777851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000054424618,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86495835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011779087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053047377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998588},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389054153","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-41041-3","title":"Theory, Evidence, Data: Themes from George E. Smith","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"George (robot); Philosophy; Epistemology; Art history; History","score_opus":0.3755611646474521,"score_gpt":0.37207510532899113,"score_spread":0.0034860593184609656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389054153","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004389109,0.050206386,0.0000014796188,0.004795103,0.0049300487,0.00054866995,0.00041522578,0.00007630226,0.93858784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04508752,0.010242928,0.0000618312,0.0019543874,0.0058409083,0.000054936107,0.000042288564,0.000052824333,0.9366624],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99619067,0.000094502386,0.0005854278,0.0009177592,0.0017541855,0.00045746946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99567086,0.0017962344,0.0004458419,0.0017019094,0.000317809,0.000067329696],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0044497284,0.00035208988,0.00070036773,0.00053803285,0.0011217572,0.000071056886,0.005174959,0.00006229184,0.00014702455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012837781,0.00020698321,0.00009777905,0.0003039019,0.036101263,0.0009001969,0.0011616211,0.0004450074,0.00021934764],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003056092,0.000047024518,0.000005627837,0.00017044401,0.00006725963,0.00003568437,0.18604927,7.6845026e-7,0.000022819906,0.57120395,0.24083854,0.0015280653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001445533,0.00016046625,0.000025081943,0.00296056,0.00011578128,0.0000018839551,0.03448741,0.0000058984224,0.0000070547126,0.48514727,0.47665763,0.000286433],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012696671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022407128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23581907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017628852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072945404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9665219},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389054297","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-41041-3_3","title":"Newton on the Relativity of Motion and the Method of Mathematical Physics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"History and Theory of Mathematics","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Theory of relativity; Motion (physics); George (robot); Newton's laws of motion; Epistemology; Newton's law of universal gravitation; Theoretical physics; Space (punctuation); Gravitation; Calculus (dental); Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Physics; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.25376363744492975,"score_gpt":0.38526954215940723,"score_spread":0.13150590471447748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389054297","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005351575,0.00091533957,0.0068983766,0.0076573757,0.0004995354,0.002689298,0.00008401685,0.000052200776,0.9758523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9402836,0.001378454,0.018178131,0.00038983158,0.0004591404,0.0001538205,0.0000019404592,0.00018428845,0.0389708],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972503,0.00030877016,0.0008094511,0.0003047418,0.0011456736,0.00018105288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9840232,0.013610888,0.0011388739,0.0009746822,0.00023082437,0.000021503307],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011231266,0.00029200572,0.00096287637,0.00014176306,0.00033898058,0.0000072458038,0.0010020125,0.000101832986,0.000008552899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0035064223,0.00013555694,0.00022083666,0.00026529768,0.014148158,0.00007681509,0.00038087327,0.00046582517,0.000007499197],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053610423,0.000081231505,3.6825014e-7,0.0007559586,0.000082999286,0.0000011297622,0.021365223,0.000009045138,0.000041443236,0.9768912,0.00014034938,0.00057739764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026925182,0.000107846965,0.0000034138707,0.0011636056,0.00016414229,0.000006899076,0.0013486929,0.00020835338,0.00040954922,0.996129,0.00007178171,0.00011747562],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000019934002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014034395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9368815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047609767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004375274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98853475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399754025","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-49861-9_1","title":"Pilot Wave Theory in the Twenty-First Century","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Universidade de Lisboa","keywords":"Physics; Theoretical physics; Epistemology; History; Philosophy","score_opus":0.07331970458594596,"score_gpt":0.3066340828107885,"score_spread":0.23331437822484258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399754025","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0012878117,0.006011272,0.00005584204,0.0054836986,0.0007577399,0.0009344644,0.00015002005,0.000014415335,0.9853047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963788,0.0005566584,0.00002160137,0.00023271392,0.0003612992,0.000111763264,0.0000051482257,0.000018821873,0.002313232],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982173,0.000029415574,0.00040511912,0.0004718619,0.0005972553,0.000279078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985532,0.00042827378,0.00020687556,0.00069943495,0.000087053704,0.00002515917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018459676,0.00027534034,0.0003274384,0.00021627046,0.0003712513,0.000046709127,0.0012934128,0.000028080565,0.0000318381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016167553,0.00015671998,0.00013536733,0.0003478529,0.00218532,0.000074952666,0.00040978202,0.0005251708,0.00005125249],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006617353,0.00007240823,0.000004182319,0.00003671787,0.000030488069,0.0000034439793,0.0037083612,0.000002331554,0.000017673292,0.99521196,0.000316257,0.00058953307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000098071956,0.000079720565,0.00002073522,0.00037751716,0.000041867595,0.0000019502206,0.0027236948,0.00003119975,0.000016187165,0.9795138,0.016929349,0.00016590573],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025697589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009448026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99509096,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053365628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071876595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8051902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404497628","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-71938-7_14","title":"Paul Feyerabend in Retrospect","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"History of Science and Natural History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; History","score_opus":0.13729772743030283,"score_gpt":0.3100608737978485,"score_spread":0.1727631463675457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404497628","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0010658288,0.044233352,1.9726219e-8,0.002003254,0.0027113678,0.00024356745,0.00004029582,0.000024499566,0.9496778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5937255,0.0018987427,0.000019263445,0.00052867515,0.0007496263,0.000015481412,0.0000017924177,0.000023670844,0.40303728],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975021,0.000013959573,0.00050189614,0.0006030504,0.0010515042,0.00032748745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900675,0.00013142769,0.00021100823,0.00044473985,0.000169254,0.000036822872],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015079753,0.00029989885,0.00050951797,0.00092777296,0.000563429,0.000043003954,0.0013062187,0.000071473914,0.00016108839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006692284,0.00019849175,0.00014749076,0.00017602267,0.02130831,0.00034507076,0.00023485026,0.00067796465,0.00017803964],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009339252,0.000017066448,0.0000016902577,0.00010740824,0.000010231649,0.000060872404,0.056361493,8.94569e-7,0.000026744403,0.93306196,0.009967368,0.0003749285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000812184,0.00013233325,0.000014280267,0.0007591467,0.000019409048,0.0000057669313,0.002666977,0.0000026966486,0.0000065996146,0.54057723,0.455488,0.00024637455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046267196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006109125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59265965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005062847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012959565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98135513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412475411","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-92958-8_7","title":"Who the Computer Sees: Race, Gender, and AI","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Race (biology); Computer science; Gender studies; History; Sociology","score_opus":0.11779680510006314,"score_gpt":0.3722689622015404,"score_spread":0.25447215710147725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412475411","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00033326846,0.01418258,0.000029255722,0.011522681,0.0016286938,0.00067017676,0.000021074491,0.000023638499,0.9715886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79135764,0.05359667,0.00056931766,0.013042494,0.002881979,0.000075563024,0.0000028761135,0.000037786678,0.1384357],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973128,0.00011005513,0.00038061023,0.0005353142,0.0012483137,0.00041292855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980179,0.00083428324,0.00024896924,0.00051958335,0.000306957,0.00007231491],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033594584,0.00027150288,0.00049558224,0.00024460573,0.0014865305,0.00006611205,0.0015782507,0.00013633775,0.0000096796575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027807205,0.00016251195,0.000111517875,0.00033894108,0.017833907,0.00015607788,0.00062156713,0.00045165324,0.000007356858],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073034535,0.000017169306,0.000051533563,0.00008012298,0.000045361285,0.000006494405,0.17922695,0.0000020916755,0.0000027519714,0.80612904,0.010687372,0.003743792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032376972,0.000114919,0.00058153324,0.0006220498,0.000116464544,0.000006953414,0.055724155,0.00001695327,0.0000118122425,0.6845357,0.25753182,0.00041390467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058596106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008617796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83315295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000094770265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048282839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412475438","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-92958-8_1","title":"John Stuart Mill, the Marketplace, and the Democratization of Science","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"History of Science and Medicine","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Democratization; Mill; Economic history; Political science; Environmental ethics; History; Philosophy; Archaeology; Law; Democracy; Politics","score_opus":0.06632604509284208,"score_gpt":0.29003248069618787,"score_spread":0.2237064356033458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412475438","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0011174316,0.010773275,0.0000035845817,0.012088813,0.0012165875,0.0006658279,0.000016868988,0.000008757244,0.9741089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8552641,0.006101222,0.000052681455,0.0025450906,0.00054655725,0.000038219412,9.88516e-7,0.000011798399,0.13543934],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99739295,0.000053395062,0.0004913583,0.00041005795,0.0013979797,0.0002542688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99760026,0.00075020886,0.0004234282,0.00057812297,0.00061556126,0.000032398613],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006517172,0.00021889043,0.00045180856,0.00044740606,0.0024678768,0.000052142776,0.0017972945,0.000032067364,0.00003269754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006946668,0.00009484369,0.00007382523,0.0003103388,0.15396954,0.00031385125,0.00040633164,0.00026516168,0.0000030949952],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035659683,0.00001235867,0.0000043422024,0.0000750203,0.000015411051,9.387961e-7,0.078066096,0.0000017681402,0.000032794913,0.91540843,0.004886561,0.0014605996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011540904,0.00039313157,0.00015490432,0.0022207745,0.00025576548,0.000012721909,0.05827263,0.000130393,0.000095207906,0.5949508,0.34193832,0.00042128688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046990688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000116832925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85414666,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037039717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988308},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W58350278","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-2321-9_11","title":"Knowledge and its Artifacts","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Digital Humanities and Scholarship","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Institute for Christian Studies","funders":"","keywords":"Reading (process); Representation (politics); Argument (complex analysis); Relation (database); Set (abstract data type); Affect (linguistics); Mental representation; Computer science; Linguistics; Cultural artifact; Epistemology; Psychology; Sociology; Cognition; Philosophy","score_opus":0.24225584829276664,"score_gpt":0.32470789952323026,"score_spread":0.08245205123046362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W58350278","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0036530846,0.025121285,1.8316866e-8,0.0007227424,0.00048423768,0.0002310292,0.000055367353,0.000016798554,0.9697154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7797679,0.0012759974,0.000003674928,0.00029825506,0.0007010844,0.000008509514,0.0000012325829,0.000015088392,0.21792828],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852633,0.0000130040735,0.00036681205,0.0003504964,0.00048388023,0.0002594959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989657,0.00020337901,0.00019564595,0.0002796543,0.00031130604,0.00004431347],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000769527,0.0002672445,0.00039054002,0.00028591158,0.00063355215,0.00016813022,0.0007084216,0.000044859877,0.0001400197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008791477,0.00017835603,0.00008060864,0.00003405328,0.0080371,0.0005839434,0.00036451142,0.00029089095,0.00007530077],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006469394,0.000024395224,7.562558e-7,0.00008553506,0.000018292252,0.000004648986,0.045605846,2.423218e-7,0.0000020545963,0.9517337,0.0005844338,0.0019336222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011879807,0.00015363,0.000016004438,0.00053526764,0.000029353085,0.0000072145494,0.0033825652,0.0000025228576,0.000014304119,0.503873,0.49160197,0.00026538598],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002541303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017233824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7761148,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057278285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055638142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99466246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W64780863","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-1331-3_3","title":"The Idealists: James Harvey Robinson and the Genetic Method of History, John Dewey and Reflective Thinking","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Pragmatism in Philosophy and Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Presupposition; Epistemology; Context (archaeology); Value (mathematics); Philosophy; CLARITY; Philosophy of history; Sociology; History; Archaeology","score_opus":0.11395388876465166,"score_gpt":0.31794537067469486,"score_spread":0.20399148191004318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W64780863","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005353345,0.11877188,0.000018164976,0.009931756,0.0013273497,0.0007279954,0.000031423708,0.000015463169,0.8686406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93280435,0.04715192,0.0011282172,0.0018267137,0.0012182654,0.0001239648,0.0000022422284,0.000050983177,0.015693326],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979863,0.00020554964,0.0005508251,0.00039057218,0.00064456265,0.00022217735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966307,0.0017987782,0.000710449,0.00050951005,0.00032307534,0.000027463866],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031481844,0.00028184615,0.00050991814,0.0001945559,0.0014625099,0.00008536709,0.00090099836,0.00006124068,0.000017463937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036933203,0.0001419738,0.00008975569,0.00005831761,0.021735549,0.00021193222,0.00033158428,0.00036586946,0.0000016103002],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035904348,0.000012156484,0.0000021195685,0.00007904503,0.00006270938,8.1743667e-7,0.15166585,0.0000018103482,0.0000045265397,0.84509915,0.0010012442,0.0020346418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002465318,0.000107900036,0.000097515374,0.00038233548,0.00011189353,0.000016658554,0.0050336686,0.000022375734,0.0000110394885,0.95897967,0.034823686,0.00016670421],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025295262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001359835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93226904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015249445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008183619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W70855641","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-7407-0_5","title":"The Ongoing Tension: Clinical Practice and Clinical Research","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Innovations in Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Ethos; Incentive; Position (finance); Medical research; Affect (linguistics); Engineering ethics; Medical science; Public relations; Political science; Medical education; Sociology; Social science; Medicine; Law; Business; Engineering","score_opus":0.4150266349112804,"score_gpt":0.5722989450183497,"score_spread":0.15727231010706927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W70855641","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008473603,0.0098317545,0.000004927395,0.1813821,0.0029247554,0.0015959474,0.000001987776,0.000018725596,0.7957662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6920293,0.14365578,0.02473849,0.0319891,0.013329396,0.00027050643,0.000010797668,0.00014986053,0.09382679],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99472624,0.0002945985,0.001494152,0.00064819294,0.002464663,0.0003721254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9841528,0.010112461,0.0006226873,0.0011932178,0.0038355528,0.00008328969],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.040028125,0.00019473142,0.0005785291,0.00032393442,0.0010732457,0.000042029118,0.0008297397,0.00023148624,0.000011496659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.064582646,0.00010103043,0.00010423082,0.0005930381,0.036084644,0.00018206923,0.0007202354,0.002521327,0.000064923894],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001748645,0.00030308697,0.00045541354,0.00016350047,0.00017493128,0.000039642,0.0025943385,1.0815741e-7,0.000007746338,0.78896827,0.06582934,0.14128877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011268815,0.0021076624,0.009799084,0.0032784673,0.0003145884,0.00034201067,0.013874757,0.00011869853,0.0000045385127,0.36163053,0.6070568,0.0003459735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011959588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024190933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7019394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014053224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00067399314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997799},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W75642366","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-9051-5_16","title":"Medical Market Failures and Their Remedy","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Market failure; Intellectual property; Medical research; Stimulus (psychology); Business; Government (linguistics); Public economics; Government regulation; Law and economics; Public relations; Political science; Economics; Medicine; Law; Psychology; Microeconomics; Pathology; Psychotherapist","score_opus":0.1378611544377615,"score_gpt":0.330159618704188,"score_spread":0.19229846426642647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W75642366","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016346959,0.013927303,0.0000043274395,0.026305329,0.00066914305,0.00024924916,0.00018200488,0.00000941914,0.95701855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.963653,0.022035277,0.00018563746,0.0053225895,0.0006836163,0.000024990615,0.0000022405695,0.00003860575,0.008054008],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.998261,0.00000977215,0.00073492725,0.00055185886,0.00013001342,0.0003124706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984897,0.00038193146,0.00044637214,0.0005072437,0.00005385181,0.000120945064],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003188996,0.00027111985,0.00071888487,0.00040213243,0.00023151076,0.00003419917,0.0011996379,0.00020029386,0.0002739413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005577399,0.00020272758,0.0001131612,0.00011496019,0.008063461,0.00013491415,0.00055881176,0.00068229396,0.00004444226],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009854873,0.000017887554,0.00006565677,0.00005667478,0.000038234703,0.0000037360787,0.0012279528,1.8290262e-7,0.000008098091,0.99681664,0.00087373034,0.0008813605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001710287,0.00003916021,0.00014358261,0.00008449081,0.00000433077,0.0000139279155,0.00006795511,0.00007061894,0.000023684135,0.7588539,0.2403351,0.00019222114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032478045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040640243,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9620183,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058326958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007376231,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.994636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W907704857","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-16655-1_8","title":"A Remark on a Relational Version of Robinson’s Arithmetic Q","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","topic":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Arithmetic; Simple (philosophy); Interpretation (philosophy); Mathematics; Computer science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Linguistics","score_opus":0.13201740390240063,"score_gpt":0.32429467984868077,"score_spread":0.19227727594628014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W907704857","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00068614184,0.006570878,0.0018359883,0.0038369275,0.0010706391,0.0005861144,0.000024660407,0.000042763866,0.9853459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97304124,0.00089355884,0.016464356,0.0006058014,0.00021061674,0.000020321673,0.0000030044016,0.000021953729,0.00873918],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99718624,0.000039320188,0.00045674804,0.0005709033,0.0015209295,0.00022586923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99770254,0.00043103448,0.0005110005,0.0008465271,0.00046045374,0.000048434937],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015640606,0.00024687097,0.0004610622,0.0004811041,0.00020120069,0.000011109317,0.0020742186,0.000084709325,0.000004165078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035633973,0.00016723858,0.000110860325,0.00045193062,0.0035726004,0.00030338974,0.00073005474,0.00032326326,0.000024652662],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002055133,0.00003795214,0.00000474816,0.000035553323,0.000013020685,0.000010635597,0.0015242553,0.00026946433,0.00003460716,0.9964693,0.0005302928,0.0010496198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026561867,0.00047598616,0.000119975695,0.00058982585,0.000013545209,0.000015585316,0.000101077436,0.00023314545,0.000059585767,0.99362266,0.004304751,0.00019824681],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000021752076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001085995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9766067,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018544876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020527326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99913913},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}