{"meta":{"query_hash":"9085980187e8","filters":{"venue":"Design Studies"},"cohort_total":18,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":18,"exported":18,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/9085980187e8","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Design+Studies"},"results":[{"id":"W1973117896","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2007.12.004","title":"The ideation gap:","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Ideation; Conversation; Computer science; Representation (politics); Human–computer interaction; Space (punctuation); Psychology; Communication; Cognitive science; Political science","score_opus":0.2253938353756923,"score_gpt":0.3330572810071932,"score_spread":0.10766344563150088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973117896","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.030729009,0.053630695,0.057132214,0.57425,0.005586795,0.00013365595,0.0002568311,0.0003304783,0.27795038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88219327,0.017424328,0.019864803,0.05494075,0.0036709283,0.000619499,0.00032692784,0.00044180595,0.020517854],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.96171445,0.027368514,0.0011389342,0.0025687106,0.005791928,0.0014175279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7935818,0.18120202,0.00351112,0.01122958,0.0070639118,0.0034114355],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04134418,0.00074191124,0.0013735383,0.005371147,0.006462109,0.01846184,0.0040128464,0.011438218,0.034811784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.10788489,0.0006114438,0.00079445855,0.005281021,0.03937151,0.056431327,0.014859587,0.013745837,0.0030993302],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003003369,0.00002565632,0.00029842072,0.00020632475,0.0000047812955,0.00006599436,0.01160817,0.000042352596,0.00004307066,0.95863146,0.008299048,0.020744732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000031388343,0.000019707115,0.00040656008,0.0010773201,0.000006889452,0.00025396945,0.014327903,0.0002924322,0.00013563187,0.878154,0.105280206,0.0000140199945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017955131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013242749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04134418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005775856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010239073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21865153},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010970152","doi":"10.1016/s0142-694x(00)00014-4","title":"Models for estimating design effort and time","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Schedule; Decomposition; Product (mathematics); Estimation; Process (computing); Industrial engineering; Cost estimate; Operations research; Engineering; Parametric statistics; Design process; Computer science; Systems engineering; Reliability engineering; Operations management; Work in process; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0677622360687686,"score_gpt":0.264532339000189,"score_spread":0.19677010293142042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010970152","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.026927475,0.0008850817,0.9685046,0.00021868211,0.00002925217,0.00009106173,0.00048645408,0.00041764064,0.0024398032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6230357,0.00264167,0.3568806,0.00016323588,0.0001116849,0.0010192343,0.0023637349,0.00031173564,0.013472286],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997074,0.0016849804,0.0001293097,0.00041043505,0.0005159702,0.00018523377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9736376,0.023002531,0.0013853072,0.0010251069,0.00078199914,0.0001675159],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006786341,0.0021470299,0.0014063972,0.0030117105,0.00039761447,0.0018679667,0.0022429181,0.002236616,0.0043646796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03120487,0.0014859785,0.001722979,0.0029851925,0.0008238539,0.0024630069,0.0008104278,0.0015617291,0.0010802976],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006394066,0.000049388593,0.0013906044,0.000058461654,0.000057518526,0.000014679418,0.000025634512,0.96405745,0.00023459579,0.008393947,0.0005667484,0.02508707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000126558725,0.000029141209,0.0005092069,0.000015041235,0.000038627855,0.000011570036,0.000008202429,0.9891194,0.00020376436,0.009359075,0.0006851762,0.000008163472],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013177939,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020897812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013146558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.035890043},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016159524","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2012.08.001","title":"Precedents reconceived: Urban design learning catalysed through data rich 3-D digital models","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Design studio; Architecture; Focus (optics); Urban design; Studio; Computer science; Replicate; World Wide Web; Engineering; Architectural engineering; Human–computer interaction; Visual arts; Art; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.41637050717903995,"score_gpt":0.33077131864307674,"score_spread":0.08559918853596321,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016159524","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07009851,0.0081898905,0.18004282,0.20842138,0.002039891,0.00027430733,0.0005028733,0.000324217,0.53010607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8918691,0.0035998134,0.059275795,0.010983843,0.0004160949,0.00039285482,0.00018624877,0.00016437289,0.03311175],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9927133,0.0026895883,0.00040974672,0.0014563549,0.0021835607,0.000547532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9573356,0.0287891,0.0012085107,0.0066377665,0.0044823945,0.00154657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01890482,0.0005727092,0.00064539484,0.0023342485,0.0067015304,0.011517793,0.0032266362,0.010140429,0.010653214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.024448484,0.0006280015,0.0005436049,0.00247776,0.034003247,0.013041256,0.008514599,0.009273702,0.0014930626],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000115935145,0.000026674024,0.00021152983,0.00008528429,0.0000031743216,0.00006478491,0.0022542868,0.00035779827,0.00015794457,0.9871797,0.0022352722,0.0074119247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020435566,0.000036496476,0.0005390042,0.00071849517,0.000013272451,0.00015885718,0.0057462403,0.0026499287,0.0023959228,0.77192056,0.21574378,0.000057059147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0129353255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01918129,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01890482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007390316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.013061297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09997946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051427411","doi":"10.1016/s0142-694x(02)00055-8","title":"Imagining the building: architectural design as semiotic construction","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Semiotics; Envelope (radar); Computer science; Architectural engineering; Product (mathematics); Linguistics; Human–computer interaction; Engineering; Telecommunications; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0796670680188692,"score_gpt":0.32205490673398085,"score_spread":0.24238783871511166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051427411","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05331135,0.03276082,0.2110311,0.025618667,0.0012624557,0.00008655482,0.00008551258,0.00021294465,0.67563057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9482968,0.0044825217,0.026564768,0.0009940674,0.00024506796,0.00010046986,0.000050379746,0.00012239366,0.01914346],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99573696,0.0035759304,0.00007171106,0.00020195241,0.0002524559,0.00016095492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99598384,0.0030996911,0.00012599879,0.00043540922,0.0001819803,0.00017307345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004301591,0.00091221725,0.00064672733,0.001591123,0.0040924577,0.013034303,0.001374383,0.0034524717,0.004913237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0059430604,0.0004894865,0.00054800505,0.0018575239,0.056243066,0.013291924,0.003966757,0.003178908,0.0006198041],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010011849,0.000007808175,0.000077626355,0.00006680524,0.000002429689,0.000059509905,0.022810772,0.00022932274,0.00020364122,0.9721015,0.0007934514,0.0036370251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020867516,0.000024983818,0.00012887179,0.00013124611,0.000007894354,0.00023956792,0.018298952,0.0007060154,0.00038636528,0.9008525,0.079188585,0.000014170996],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025226418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031118384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013034303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0025210117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026699924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022749245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073661746","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2011.01.001","title":"The worlds and modalities of engagement of design participants: A qualitative case study of three medical innovations","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Engineering design process; Knowledge management; Object (grammar); Modalities; Design process; Qualitative research; Psychology; Computer science; Engineering; Sociology; Business; Marketing; Operations management; Work in process; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.5544391329858422,"score_gpt":0.44806586846274443,"score_spread":0.10637326452309781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2073661746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9677184,0.00061470486,0.013234546,0.0034799404,0.0001104642,0.000798839,0.00012641349,0.0000459818,0.013870692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99088436,0.00032328317,0.0043548397,0.00069262827,0.000021407599,0.0006179923,0.000036961224,0.00005599366,0.0030126353],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9297295,0.058687355,0.0013549993,0.0025925846,0.0028562278,0.004779317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.87632275,0.107296824,0.0041103587,0.0029281178,0.0036543712,0.0056875725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04285337,0.0015251865,0.0016664516,0.0032771588,0.028013078,0.015140423,0.005656067,0.008023455,0.005661551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.067655705,0.0020938353,0.0010715649,0.0025344822,0.030037856,0.009941326,0.019572418,0.008084987,0.00073999766],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004431481,0.00005498661,0.00070855167,0.000087686785,0.0000037294558,0.0006470084,0.9948543,0.000023016964,0.0005242612,0.0013331537,0.00010383808,0.001615222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017879489,0.00007222297,0.0004639261,0.00013814862,0.0000091796155,0.00033834326,0.9927327,0.00007246305,0.00051639794,0.00070411357,0.0049139066,0.000020696509],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0054870415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010396351,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04285337,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007930289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008069496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22663301},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092272977","doi":"10.1016/s0142-694x(00)00015-6","title":"An analogy-based model for estimating design effort","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Productivity; Industrial engineering; Computer science; Operations research; Econometrics; Management science; Engineering; Mathematics; Economics; Epistemology","score_opus":0.09497614864358347,"score_gpt":0.3047526751004871,"score_spread":0.20977652645690362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092272977","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04313925,0.00020638297,0.95260096,0.000111148445,0.000023256534,0.0000723837,0.000104859064,0.00032399266,0.003417723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7936906,0.00030742865,0.20115891,0.00006704317,0.000032299475,0.00030079205,0.00030651438,0.000061248415,0.004075297],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987192,0.0005990697,0.000046555077,0.0002259015,0.00034359907,0.00006566596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99606556,0.0030529564,0.0002597635,0.00026760777,0.00030751072,0.000046562276],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019058172,0.00077644055,0.0009515202,0.0016323258,0.00040351946,0.0010444844,0.0016255644,0.0019092351,0.0033614824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012749154,0.00061736687,0.0008184259,0.0018098037,0.0005283426,0.0017479955,0.0005890432,0.0009964985,0.0007576249],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057826597,0.00006971488,0.00126542,0.000051389874,0.000026453039,0.000039950784,0.000034029697,0.9534051,0.00091948075,0.01145804,0.00033580692,0.032336753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005730072,0.000023846995,0.0002785898,0.0000032005576,0.000008249816,0.000014609065,0.000002395066,0.996203,0.00013767135,0.0031135483,0.00020524417,0.000003933529],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049266513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0044965222,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0049266513,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010180105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008341625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01124531},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092878148","doi":"10.1016/s0142-694x(02)00009-1","title":"Specifications for computer-aided conceptual building design","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Conceptual design; Computer science; Systems engineering; Computer Aided Design; Engineering drawing; Human–computer interaction; Architectural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.46275041150422735,"score_gpt":0.34349366242218105,"score_spread":0.11925674908204631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092878148","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0015930965,0.0002093982,0.9854994,0.00014605098,0.00007036868,0.00015803236,0.0003817684,0.0011004407,0.010841433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.11147528,0.00084441423,0.8699151,0.00022229782,0.000054636566,0.0010404496,0.0025708727,0.0009629504,0.012914032],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956345,0.0013855554,0.00060190976,0.00016558818,0.002007382,0.00020509106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941274,0.002598245,0.0003053047,0.00091665995,0.0019777848,0.00007458439],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033896754,0.0014058461,0.00096163835,0.0014706315,0.0009602019,0.002895653,0.002498233,0.0018425479,0.011996963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.012064538,0.0012858185,0.0011668212,0.0014346233,0.0011154744,0.0018662633,0.001335334,0.0019553432,0.0050387643],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000109980596,0.00006535446,0.00048813722,0.0008140163,0.00003341703,0.00024830073,0.00059967453,0.097718015,0.005950512,0.71018034,0.019300222,0.1644921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010062326,0.00014795832,0.0003031065,0.0006315116,0.00008482569,0.00047955208,0.00039497568,0.43112677,0.020024814,0.28045267,0.2661669,0.000086273416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005433273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0067703025,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011996963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011869362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022525825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.040133834},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109987560","doi":"10.1016/s0142-694x(99)00028-9","title":"The importance of visualisation in concept design","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Visualization; Human–computer interaction; Computer science; Originality; User experience design; Information visualization; Usability; Process (computing); Conceptual design; Product design; Product (mathematics); Artificial intelligence; Psychology","score_opus":0.13656820944740644,"score_gpt":0.36519212843589716,"score_spread":0.22862391898849072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2109987560","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.037024207,0.03035963,0.7596857,0.018721864,0.002138219,0.00023100562,0.0000990727,0.00057597976,0.15116431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.78753644,0.009772241,0.19232938,0.0009793236,0.0006955915,0.00045488196,0.000051934712,0.000309992,0.007870311],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.97230536,0.022993952,0.00073780306,0.0008283626,0.0027040462,0.00043057135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.74348384,0.24203975,0.0022171326,0.007396514,0.0037798597,0.0010827548],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.019714179,0.0011135304,0.0010544207,0.0039347177,0.0031826636,0.013266408,0.0016913306,0.0039028192,0.009997535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.13040803,0.001618119,0.0008677218,0.0023163555,0.018871743,0.025323225,0.005634597,0.0046440675,0.0011766086],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022277913,0.00007989482,0.0018998566,0.002338055,0.000047550664,0.00034286224,0.025102291,0.005281181,0.0021896975,0.7965944,0.003912391,0.161989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009341563,0.00019933227,0.0013450413,0.0019198084,0.000050154846,0.0010456488,0.005259056,0.010631333,0.001811797,0.89267987,0.08487826,0.00008636436],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020320767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017609273,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019714179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017937784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025374866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10425979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122418771","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2008.10.003","title":"Estimating design effort for the compressor design department: a case study at Pratt &amp; Whitney Canada","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Gas compressor; Parametric statistics; Engineering; Rotor (electric); Parametric model; Estimation; Parametric design; Reliability engineering; Systems engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.11718908275293657,"score_gpt":0.2848378158772387,"score_spread":0.16764873312430215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122418771","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9781702,0.00022000978,0.014273183,0.00021371881,0.000006751987,0.0002627513,0.0003884448,0.00015545453,0.006309478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9717221,0.00015836873,0.023961859,0.00002998953,0.0000032801433,0.000061513514,0.00036981184,0.00005538521,0.0036376468],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981888,0.00052332325,0.000060303828,0.00020007465,0.00076897646,0.00025853465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99006957,0.006570966,0.000384245,0.00041462976,0.0022461119,0.00031443464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028656365,0.0008938897,0.00057780807,0.0017794212,0.0024726407,0.0014424676,0.001422493,0.0013129783,0.002119976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007823628,0.0007405237,0.0005462624,0.0025568535,0.00065254775,0.00066259765,0.00042996978,0.0008834036,0.0002676351],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011876045,0.0017929522,0.111739255,0.0005574733,0.00015741248,0.0017669648,0.0043430063,0.5646841,0.014503584,0.0033409423,0.005362124,0.29056463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024953618,0.0017585569,0.16573612,0.00008830477,0.00019825646,0.0003517504,0.007946756,0.7983686,0.01405924,0.0010192379,0.010062458,0.0001611039],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7689096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.86457616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23109043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.015969826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.014871624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4649027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790317456","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2018.02.002","title":"Imagining design: Transitive and intransitive dimensions","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; European Commission","keywords":"Transitive relation; Metaphor; Representation (politics); Weaving; Focus (optics); Meaning (existential); Conversation; Computer science; Process (computing); Epistemology; Sociology; Linguistics; Mathematics; Communication; Engineering; Programming language; Philosophy","score_opus":0.09188465454681484,"score_gpt":0.326163455504989,"score_spread":0.23427880095817416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2790317456","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13829164,0.006608956,0.30524686,0.012667344,0.00058751623,0.00012731437,0.00020205542,0.00033774466,0.5359306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9748434,0.00066754024,0.020872975,0.00033038648,0.00009136589,0.00007153917,0.00006234701,0.000076027085,0.0029844854],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9864659,0.009257465,0.00087129837,0.0010738792,0.001918796,0.00041271994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9676853,0.02328047,0.0018738727,0.005164138,0.0014822874,0.00051398226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009114718,0.00081832614,0.00068812,0.0026102297,0.0033199121,0.011013072,0.0011282116,0.0029615895,0.0046765213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.019904705,0.0010544016,0.00093389204,0.0015516912,0.032931097,0.01960981,0.0042119245,0.004106724,0.00038910576],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023245944,0.000025901905,0.00056016375,0.00010347244,0.000011358031,0.00008298259,0.015613267,0.00016941626,0.0006517364,0.9758671,0.00045631392,0.006435129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003649042,0.000051254916,0.0012257347,0.0001440058,0.000030091582,0.00060685386,0.009544539,0.0013545417,0.0011490589,0.966353,0.019475292,0.000029094641],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011723506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012536591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011013072,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019601004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016639939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.048203766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792638555","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2018.02.003","title":"Cracking open co-creation: Categories, stories, and value tension in a collaborative design process","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Service and Product Innovation","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Copenhagen Business School","keywords":"Structuring; Process (computing); Context (archaeology); Function (biology); Value (mathematics); Design process; Plan (archaeology); Frame (networking); Engineering design process; Computer science; Sociology; Engineering; Process management; Aesthetics; Art; Work in process; Business; Operations management; Mechanical engineering; History","score_opus":0.0950627791810337,"score_gpt":0.3642127226846489,"score_spread":0.2691499435036152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792638555","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70043445,0.0022839042,0.11301361,0.03846969,0.00047056092,0.00045164092,0.00009210381,0.0003771453,0.14440687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98723966,0.00019944116,0.008558999,0.0003908896,0.000029835215,0.00014969683,0.000023265668,0.00012802122,0.0032800527],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9273838,0.059680194,0.0011889986,0.0027218084,0.0063614626,0.002663788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.824766,0.15143806,0.0040265955,0.011810215,0.0048228246,0.003136424],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.047519363,0.0011638209,0.0008068505,0.0056516756,0.0206809,0.028988546,0.0045643584,0.008310978,0.0050404784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.095244065,0.0014779571,0.0009164294,0.0034598408,0.081864595,0.04170185,0.022954462,0.0075251968,0.00055002153],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008408885,0.00006476897,0.0021917957,0.00012709321,0.000015593669,0.00039236213,0.7573922,0.000205527,0.0006016839,0.21950234,0.0013054259,0.018117089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000045641624,0.00012849408,0.00157827,0.0004864423,0.000034891076,0.0009487368,0.6891622,0.0023840915,0.0021596055,0.23217696,0.070803456,0.0000912463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023492821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025165358,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047519363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0076064817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0043282025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25130945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3002082015","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2019.12.003","title":"Make and break details: The architecture of design-build education","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Architecture; Generative grammar; Ethnography; Value (mathematics); Design education; Element (criminal law); Meaning (existential); Design process; Architectural design; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Sociology; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence; Visual arts; Work in process; Political science; Art","score_opus":0.07126992020093509,"score_gpt":0.29785301760649824,"score_spread":0.22658309740556315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3002082015","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01338858,0.0020578164,0.5557626,0.0392025,0.00043722923,0.0003617045,0.00016626265,0.0015140985,0.38710913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.56542456,0.0018035568,0.36817086,0.0015977134,0.0001549939,0.0007558664,0.00019236322,0.0005620329,0.061338127],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.98865926,0.00714702,0.0003899791,0.000911252,0.002037192,0.0008552758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98450756,0.009814939,0.0005730892,0.002039717,0.0016752091,0.0013894131],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0120982025,0.0010520827,0.00082011457,0.0039510606,0.0071429107,0.02128781,0.0031290788,0.006285406,0.030330407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02362712,0.0017327516,0.0009995383,0.0028096493,0.033583492,0.02220946,0.011337968,0.0053954194,0.0058002025],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016806242,0.00004960504,0.00057095516,0.000041473926,0.0000045412935,0.000027233968,0.0021974845,0.0015323703,0.000105300496,0.9736997,0.0018915004,0.019863075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019040439,0.000030993877,0.00034744298,0.00014432894,0.000009738846,0.00006442048,0.0021298449,0.0066491268,0.00045484508,0.934517,0.055607494,0.000025764219],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014254344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015447415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030330407,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008239608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01356804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.101465344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3170433988","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2021.101019","title":"Exploring tutor-student interactions in a novel virtual design studio","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"TUTOR; Studio; Design studio; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Multimedia; Engineering; Programming language","score_opus":0.5010365717327433,"score_gpt":0.3921994386358724,"score_spread":0.10883713309687088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3170433988","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9703866,0.00016700116,0.018619118,0.00031528738,0.00006052357,0.00013291885,0.00004341964,0.00021775514,0.010057418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98960483,0.00006534963,0.0062675434,0.00006495255,0.000013520016,0.00006419381,0.000032960925,0.00003104198,0.003855526],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9929294,0.005170994,0.00023373314,0.00063385046,0.00053336885,0.0004986911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942883,0.002809495,0.00044991868,0.0006091572,0.00028430176,0.0015586544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030612303,0.00044790786,0.0005623407,0.0008584841,0.0021861317,0.003928438,0.0015900022,0.0016539823,0.00390139],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0068292054,0.00038175835,0.0005822989,0.00047725343,0.0023313554,0.0016650582,0.0046842652,0.0012611132,0.001272759],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017019613,0.005949523,0.06817874,0.00094529515,0.00014315812,0.017696783,0.6618577,0.00918554,0.064539514,0.014210431,0.0053886827,0.15020266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008415642,0.017181812,0.07400981,0.0007485298,0.00026520598,0.027630154,0.5025788,0.043081492,0.04815508,0.013084245,0.27189738,0.0005259428],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040531947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00085524353,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003928438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010534233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008970299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016189575},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296831767","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2022.101135","title":"Expansive learning for collaborative design","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Expansive; Situated; Process (computing); Knowledge management; Action learning; Action (physics); Reflection (computer programming); Situated cognition; Psychology; Engineering; Computer science; Cooperative learning; Pedagogy; Teaching method; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.13943557170474882,"score_gpt":0.33748292222497067,"score_spread":0.19804735052022185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296831767","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.026707076,0.0045178034,0.7660881,0.0027538852,0.0003086637,0.00019401417,0.000065231,0.0009783424,0.1983869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.49615207,0.0026280764,0.4552195,0.00048308348,0.00025355045,0.00054784917,0.00019477296,0.00023825745,0.044282813],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982772,0.0009210093,0.00009792038,0.0002482595,0.0003778454,0.00007779647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9910472,0.006698109,0.00016829523,0.0015236497,0.00026615086,0.00029650357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019116648,0.0007356198,0.00047162033,0.0009061884,0.0012690019,0.004230818,0.001289698,0.0015175923,0.021277212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008817033,0.00037118388,0.0006055387,0.00079119107,0.0036744864,0.007731048,0.0072840317,0.002426264,0.0022822265],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021326607,0.00009089651,0.0003002497,0.00022893283,0.0000088058205,0.000102672166,0.0024591892,0.0016210756,0.001033382,0.87713546,0.0018269365,0.11517102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013424079,0.000046882982,0.00027318537,0.00022969005,0.000009917542,0.00022045805,0.0008222191,0.007601369,0.0008954611,0.92763364,0.062241912,0.000011756612],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046890767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00079586793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021277212,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008346798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008548867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07117939},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403489516","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2024.101274","title":"That was fun, now what?: Modelizing knowledge dynamics to explain co-design's shortcomings","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"IÉSEG Écoles de Management","keywords":"Dynamics (music); Engineering; Management science; Engineering ethics; Systems engineering; Sociology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.16598955565258922,"score_gpt":0.37267174093118655,"score_spread":0.20668218527859733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403489516","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27281427,0.0011885482,0.5837711,0.011389172,0.00015553426,0.0008210521,0.00019444509,0.0004057901,0.12926011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94425136,0.00037547093,0.050732903,0.00018372766,0.000014274712,0.0006882899,0.000048983835,0.00006226667,0.0036427048],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9921897,0.005806076,0.0001913079,0.00073220575,0.00055852754,0.00052220206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9667919,0.027337708,0.0012172243,0.002888656,0.0010318146,0.0007326251],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008611,0.00079533795,0.0006356872,0.0018967738,0.0032090493,0.008908053,0.0024332867,0.0033700187,0.005624798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02416774,0.0007882212,0.00096481363,0.0017746986,0.013416402,0.014976419,0.0072104847,0.0024370677,0.00081816944],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020557428,0.00017760694,0.0039448584,0.00039709118,0.000028616945,0.00044080196,0.062407944,0.041187912,0.0014872833,0.869854,0.0009158343,0.018952493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018398998,0.00022936967,0.0013460217,0.00059837423,0.000066949644,0.00061971496,0.03645556,0.35604882,0.0027107405,0.5526627,0.0489872,0.00009063194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059712916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033997598,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008908053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0058997623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0055326796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.045539856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408151874","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2025.101301","title":"Design education is too important to be left to designers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Coast Mountain College","funders":"","keywords":"Design education; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Visual arts; Art","score_opus":0.08470709154254132,"score_gpt":0.36211534278050933,"score_spread":0.27740825123796803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408151874","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.015293149,0.02013381,0.0571012,0.65019155,0.0072902376,0.00011259312,0.00009340051,0.0008401381,0.24894398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.40164334,0.017083243,0.06063668,0.21124095,0.0052357134,0.00044142688,0.00019930795,0.0009628555,0.30255648],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.97633183,0.013188783,0.0007552428,0.0017520696,0.006646457,0.0013256315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.85997844,0.094947785,0.0035124205,0.013310925,0.013499823,0.014750651],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.022279881,0.0009808335,0.0013899144,0.0019622908,0.009151562,0.013994346,0.0024035869,0.0066031083,0.0389977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.055222914,0.0010050745,0.00072191557,0.0011704302,0.017176958,0.017355436,0.010679204,0.015666561,0.018719204],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021886756,0.0012782849,0.0040399325,0.002188152,0.00007338487,0.00032254087,0.01586392,0.00083144405,0.002788601,0.3649319,0.23842572,0.3690372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007375121,0.00026208788,0.0017988401,0.0022112327,0.000031462496,0.00055879186,0.015706003,0.00042675357,0.0010619228,0.26086503,0.7169405,0.00006361682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013710468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027532198,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0389977,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003851282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.011660718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13046032},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411437438","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2025.101325","title":"Unraveling the nature of design thinking disposition: Contributions of trait cognitive flexibility and trait empathy on design thinking potential","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba","funders":"Hong Kong Government; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","keywords":"Trait; Empathy; Flexibility (engineering); Disposition; Psychology; Cognition; Design thinking; Cognitive flexibility; Cognitive psychology; Social psychology; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Mathematics; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.07525281675306092,"score_gpt":0.40193300861797693,"score_spread":0.32668019186491604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411437438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983663,0.00007941054,0.0008238524,0.00004182938,0.0000021514174,0.0000052329847,0.0000100281995,0.000002052108,0.00066911627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99947864,0.000025293244,0.00042171893,0.0000073023016,0.00000142767,0.000003846274,0.000009846246,7.521046e-7,0.000051272404],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869776,0.0006567332,0.00012001778,0.00017841953,0.00022980747,0.000117316304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.983111,0.009766667,0.004185567,0.0015319231,0.0006605983,0.00074423634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003045361,0.00027753226,0.0002361268,0.00083035004,0.00036523468,0.0014366371,0.00018838153,0.00041265352,0.0011891191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01252546,0.0001818008,0.00043745013,0.00043787732,0.00091265375,0.00086385634,0.0010943849,0.00077630515,0.00009553118],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012235715,0.00016035927,0.96112174,0.00006524867,0.00014519742,0.00011440889,0.00511008,0.00045134607,0.0033873918,0.0008130375,0.00004864803,0.02846026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000041927624,0.00013910088,0.99446684,0.000028732558,0.00002646942,0.00023920873,0.0018408227,0.0011327041,0.00040235897,0.001468719,0.00023716822,0.000013627109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057932537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011775369,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003045361,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025046387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040704873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016105652},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412424044","doi":"10.1016/j.destud.2025.101326","title":"Researching collaborative housing through design: A case study of co-design workshops involving low-income recent immigrants in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Design Studies","topic":"Collaborative and Sustainable Housing Initiatives","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Immigration; Sociology; Demographic economics; Geography; Economics; Archaeology","score_opus":0.14116113595164234,"score_gpt":0.42128081848033344,"score_spread":0.2801196825286911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412424044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866807,0.00049792894,0.0024142766,0.0017260617,0.000043347765,0.00041502903,0.000049592265,0.000026499778,0.008146588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897832,0.0004829988,0.0042261663,0.00044120284,0.000007651189,0.00025491067,0.000033528388,0.000024853674,0.00474542],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9907803,0.0054006614,0.00018920239,0.00064695324,0.00088278763,0.0021000965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9912277,0.0035817877,0.000488854,0.00043631857,0.0016193223,0.0026460476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010831239,0.001023392,0.0007612065,0.0014842135,0.039952338,0.005337749,0.0039796666,0.0029159344,0.0029043506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010660443,0.00065967685,0.00072691654,0.0020187832,0.013518611,0.0018955971,0.0074257497,0.0028430573,0.0003244445],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008573581,0.00035968827,0.007697732,0.00021648702,0.0000143863845,0.0034528526,0.9664834,0.00026700782,0.0010581675,0.0020447497,0.001211223,0.017108671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019778003,0.00015762949,0.0036928684,0.00016197642,0.000017290044,0.00036993242,0.9793611,0.00036665073,0.0004309632,0.00045082576,0.014937674,0.000033259388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6869905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.89251876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3130095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03593864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.059444565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6297057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}