{"meta":{"query_hash":"5fcf721df470","filters":{"venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance"},"cohort_total":9,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":9,"exported":9,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/5fcf721df470","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Digital+Policy+Regulation+and+Governance"},"results":[{"id":"W2738798784","doi":"10.1108/dprg-05-2017-0023","title":"Restrained by design: the political economy of cybersecurity","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Global Affairs Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Cyberspace; Hacker; Law and economics; Computer security; Unintended consequences; Political science; Political economy; Sociology; Public relations; Law; Computer science","score_opus":0.02486612811503753,"score_gpt":0.30720750834261584,"score_spread":0.2823413802275783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2738798784","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.052223723,0.00027689445,0.00016277535,0.14117031,0.00008209879,0.00027058783,0.00018465667,0.00003196012,0.805597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978061,0.000046024215,0.000011804506,0.0004952417,0.00019628035,0.0000044683343,0.0000025156914,0.0000042061984,0.0014333955],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993014,0.00003783763,0.00013955406,0.00013305737,0.00016024876,0.00022793475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993226,0.00012641618,0.00019108364,0.00022076318,0.000055007262,0.000084107065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016177261,0.00007740833,0.0001171271,0.00000981188,0.000854848,0.0002799935,0.00022402988,0.000051811367,0.000010176192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069697533,0.00006275002,0.00004632065,0.000044479977,0.0013759814,0.0005997397,0.00007002536,0.000057261554,0.0000035669939],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010566813,0.000015981517,0.0010983032,0.0000038735916,0.000010295816,2.378774e-7,0.0028193402,2.5744527e-7,0.000005672267,0.9870274,0.004798143,0.00420995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030669582,0.000029330418,0.11172547,0.000026208114,0.000008368476,0.0000012574621,0.0021432529,0.00003999258,0.00017411936,0.5991453,0.2862379,0.0001621207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004992282,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94558233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047252368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010448071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65748864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2952056760","doi":"10.1108/dprg-03-2019-0021","title":"Data is different, and that’s why the world needs a new approach to governing cross-border data flows","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"World Trade Organization Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for International Governance Innovation","funders":"","keywords":"Optimal distinctiveness theory; Interoperability; Data governance; Originality; Value (mathematics); Service (business); Corporate governance; Goods and services; Data Protection Act 1998; Business; Data as a service; Data access; Economics; Marketing; Computer science; Political science; Computer security; Data quality; World Wide Web; Law; Finance; Economy","score_opus":0.055377093173753535,"score_gpt":0.3610118898313318,"score_spread":0.30563479665757826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2952056760","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29814512,0.0006214185,0.0023544093,0.17709465,0.0004865661,0.0015956621,0.0046655866,0.00023146418,0.51480514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85542566,0.000045828085,0.000112469,0.002795142,0.00036981772,0.0000015260067,0.0002245831,0.000019185476,0.14100578],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986439,0.000031889864,0.00016724414,0.00044616414,0.00046039047,0.00025041416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985829,0.00010732822,0.00014176204,0.00096892583,0.000030553827,0.00016850735],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016979317,0.00014255151,0.0001475871,0.000045443394,0.0002872366,0.0012563458,0.0007235678,0.000046590932,0.00023337115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028944135,0.000112740476,0.0000143879615,0.0007757903,0.00016087321,0.002139846,0.0007078582,0.00008927174,0.000061908526],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032447566,0.000072253904,0.18709108,0.000036269146,0.000054828462,2.558071e-7,0.009699346,0.00007796531,0.000034717854,0.52448696,0.2502559,0.028157925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021378283,0.000003183025,0.25107676,0.000015049396,0.000005003385,0.000001129376,0.00014150112,0.0013050562,0.000004461152,0.00030078195,0.7468117,0.000121570505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017139209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016436044,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55728054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051567957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011615497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387922482","doi":"10.1108/dprg-06-2023-0080","title":"Blockchain for environmental peacebuilding: application in water management","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"Transboundary Water Resource Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Peacebuilding; Transparency (behavior); Natural resource management; Corporate governance; Conceptual framework; Environmental resource management; Natural resource; Political science; Sociology; Economics; Management; Public administration; Social science","score_opus":0.010673251267879663,"score_gpt":0.25868079287336604,"score_spread":0.24800754160548638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387922482","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9251062,0.000038407277,0.0019981803,0.019029979,0.000060747203,0.0015567254,0.00007682547,0.00018913783,0.051943794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801909,0.000045848396,0.00004756369,0.00014531298,0.00009145077,0.00009654381,0.000050122697,0.000010366766,0.019321905],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920475,0.000012946735,0.00012839379,0.00020013038,0.00020081335,0.0002529885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997983,0.00001500783,0.000033235807,0.00009469379,0.000003197726,0.000055557],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017718207,0.00007307221,0.00006642573,0.00008138426,0.00015710523,0.00012713822,0.00009127312,0.000029211886,0.000006834658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009416684,0.00006861907,0.00002772849,0.00016569778,0.00009799109,0.00014314972,0.000046469264,0.000022634867,0.00003855321],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007809704,0.00011818086,0.017248647,0.00011219028,0.00003524569,0.0000037230443,0.021110142,0.0032562953,0.0006182241,0.4772352,0.0023334066,0.47785065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004642285,0.00001082108,0.12827308,0.000011040767,0.0000028874324,1.8230676e-7,0.00052495295,0.0016193755,0.00011071231,0.010219445,0.8586441,0.00011912263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001494716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012285635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8563107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013459047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006301234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27982044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400196172","doi":"10.1108/dprg-02-2024-0033","title":"Revisiting the (disappearing) cost of data breach disclosures","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"Information and Cyber Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Data breach; Value (mathematics); Originality; Event study; Business; Market value; Market data; Accounting; Actuarial science; Economics; Marketing; Finance; Law; Computer security; Political science; Context (archaeology)","score_opus":0.02487992495806979,"score_gpt":0.2876496671522601,"score_spread":0.2627697421941903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400196172","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0768561,0.0080892695,0.43265462,0.11243659,0.0008161281,0.0011072528,0.001523991,0.000840425,0.36567563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986811,0.000051990122,0.0001496898,0.00022043908,0.00016194886,0.000001525678,0.000026239895,0.000003379022,0.0007036583],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999342,0.000010702901,0.00018458418,0.00016002545,0.00019970427,0.00010295081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993467,0.000057662146,0.00008169946,0.00045769697,0.000026160225,0.000030095269],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016198265,0.00006646234,0.00006902178,0.000023470171,0.00006822868,0.00061017,0.00047168258,0.0000203185,0.0000027867916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007141265,0.0000457812,0.000023698236,0.00028303385,0.00006471857,0.0026471582,0.00035550407,0.00005994852,0.0000129001455],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.238003e-7,0.0000020908117,0.000185273,0.00002739702,0.000004351994,2.9529173e-7,0.0005702351,0.000010603947,0.0000062714826,0.63747936,0.00096293533,0.36075026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016380411,0.000010577935,0.19340886,0.00020797495,0.0000045239317,0.000044375076,0.000050819395,0.26609105,0.00013086227,0.01312881,0.5265763,0.00018205374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007180442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035267747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92182505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015224568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005104512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5883884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400202542","doi":"10.1108/dprg-10-2023-0150","title":"5G and urban amenity: regulatory trends and local government responses around small cell deployment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Amenity; Software deployment; Context (archaeology); Government (linguistics); Business; Legislation; Public administration; Regional science; Political science; Engineering; Geography; Finance","score_opus":0.0129533892329498,"score_gpt":0.24655027755109774,"score_spread":0.23359688831814793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400202542","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8400055,0.0020379596,0.00041348833,0.005438565,0.00009365943,0.00015321015,0.00016961365,0.00010359404,0.15158442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97838515,0.00047703835,0.000017022314,0.00021041196,0.0001626767,0.000008262661,0.000009176454,0.00001165835,0.020718595],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990423,0.00002789812,0.00020172942,0.00025388369,0.00026103458,0.0002131591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995766,0.00009959052,0.00006551457,0.000088829765,0.000013662901,0.00015574959],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017464909,0.00013521199,0.00012283733,0.000049028695,0.00020393527,0.00087433384,0.00005195367,0.00007288147,0.000008709187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028838025,0.00013444833,0.000035011224,0.00019601645,0.00037834694,0.0013940852,0.000027376554,0.00006582105,0.0000062177032],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073045034,0.000033677963,0.0047686235,0.00006353716,0.000018274073,0.0000031696602,0.0041987794,0.000011691749,0.0000180744,0.2874658,0.0011843822,0.70216095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005049627,0.00011418529,0.17531629,0.00014383826,0.000020124742,0.000010179897,0.0012974257,0.0010609142,0.00026372343,0.009679778,0.8112193,0.000369278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020137169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020118341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81003493,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019615957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082362436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8431221},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401810770","doi":"10.1108/dprg-01-2024-0009","title":"Free for you and me? Exploring the value users gain from their seemingly free apps","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Engineering Link (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Value (mathematics); Internet privacy; Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.04011897210367406,"score_gpt":0.28297648333346365,"score_spread":0.2428575112297896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401810770","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91752684,0.004636548,0.0068657314,0.050073452,0.0008737599,0.0009776851,0.004830371,0.00032391347,0.01389169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971746,0.00056698493,0.000084500854,0.00022142178,0.0010174327,0.00004535408,0.0000339878,0.000012844737,0.00084287795],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920654,0.000029469897,0.00013062527,0.00024748125,0.00019821212,0.00018769504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993076,0.00024604145,0.00005884569,0.0002936888,0.000024749743,0.000069094975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002367203,0.00010301805,0.000091741735,0.00002791769,0.00037831865,0.00069043087,0.00028422286,0.000053821357,0.0000036013505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011207861,0.00007925398,0.000043174896,0.0001869056,0.00019170888,0.0014033302,0.000195603,0.00007446554,0.0000022256154],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000530155,0.000020183814,0.00086256285,0.000054214768,0.00004492867,8.422717e-7,0.029331755,0.000017307295,0.00024450774,0.75286263,0.020423487,0.19608456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033353822,0.000025454417,0.020131389,0.000097997305,0.000010312434,0.0000013156574,0.0017695127,0.0025939546,0.0003279515,0.49449444,0.48003528,0.0001788709],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005102121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007830857,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45961177,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070202615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000668612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77129143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404019927","doi":"10.1108/dprg-04-2024-0067","title":"Mapping the global regulatory terrain in digital banking: a longitudinal study across countries","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Terrain; Business; Digital elevation model; Geography; Remote sensing; Cartography","score_opus":0.02340554423276372,"score_gpt":0.2736379905052492,"score_spread":0.2502324462724855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404019927","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9715921,0.0005666877,0.0002973022,0.0025220348,0.0002380286,0.00042812893,0.00015392544,0.0002221849,0.023979593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970878,0.0000073805104,0.000003349547,0.00042782954,0.00080077304,0.000025612178,0.000027310176,0.000032297146,0.001587644],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99805766,0.000004054875,0.00043765886,0.0005469379,0.00046847525,0.00048521894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999359,0.00006256199,0.00019926194,0.00028700594,0.00007229944,0.000019871315],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024538563,0.00030622052,0.00024412951,0.000114646646,0.00021454832,0.0053627775,0.00028687494,0.00007411195,0.0000130954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025355298,0.00025073544,0.00008713863,0.0014154934,0.0002945586,0.0063230726,0.0003787399,0.000159864,0.00011791743],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004654096,0.00008265148,0.66441065,0.00015407609,0.000029839535,0.00004321122,0.00070642633,0.000047669455,0.0000028018696,0.30235907,0.0017365185,0.030380566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003456802,0.000015571635,0.86987185,0.00026554478,0.000004300753,0.00002140012,0.00038661293,0.001687812,0.000001562286,0.030050537,0.097063236,0.00028586792],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00049366395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032719717,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27230853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026970892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006154244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412736245","doi":"10.1108/dprg-03-2025-0066","title":"Privacy concerns toward AI-based intelligent voice assistants in the workplace","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"AI in Service Interactions","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Internet privacy; Computer science; Psychology; Human–computer interaction; Computer security; Business","score_opus":0.02437435346789061,"score_gpt":0.31914750739516984,"score_spread":0.2947731539272792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412736245","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12798366,0.0005012287,0.5743787,0.23980914,0.0006984802,0.0007223412,0.00007994577,0.00022401805,0.055602457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912229,0.000014479082,0.0003327405,0.0064202403,0.000056890043,0.000015672298,0.0000041798253,0.0000043011346,0.0019285714],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990663,0.00003609247,0.0002312506,0.00025981342,0.00022448681,0.00018207659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999139,0.00023945728,0.00011634386,0.00041105176,0.000059570237,0.000034550336],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009724766,0.00011672238,0.00010472238,0.00007043289,0.00007363708,0.000553659,0.0005947059,0.00004499753,0.0000038773946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018248773,0.00009437041,0.000037435817,0.0007928707,0.000058488145,0.00096972263,0.00013747659,0.00013416004,0.000023035958],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057398196,0.00020236842,0.026471697,0.00006412467,0.000022815668,0.000008042801,0.003715616,0.001966526,0.00005517313,0.8103315,0.012828475,0.14427626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053704536,0.000037992515,0.6253126,0.00026736996,0.00000431377,0.0000074242116,0.0001448636,0.071560465,0.0005723663,0.02630115,0.27499998,0.0002544088],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026250453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009653613,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8632393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015057584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015936073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53389466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416125942","doi":"10.1108/dprg-07-2025-0211","title":"The impact of legislation on online toxic content","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Policy Regulation and Governance","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Legislation; Context (archaeology); Deterrence theory; Unintended consequences; Content analysis; Moderation; Digital content; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.016929181750196143,"score_gpt":0.2778688466241476,"score_spread":0.2609396648739515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416125942","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9494426,0.00024381361,0.02435819,0.005143024,0.00016455923,0.00020567568,0.00004483651,0.00007279886,0.020324493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955839,0.000052167994,0.000060166614,0.00008982683,0.000039247017,0.0000018339314,0.0000037101033,0.000002178232,0.004166993],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994883,0.000011605063,0.00014775396,0.00012541085,0.00012336217,0.000103574115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995316,0.00006133949,0.000116742245,0.00021085374,0.00005301431,0.000026439611],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005315723,0.000069079455,0.00007133497,0.000038687238,0.00008836155,0.000160128,0.00013600825,0.000027352198,5.6384954e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012995966,0.00004560665,0.000054117634,0.0002922478,0.00004456129,0.00036613882,0.00003940059,0.000041961805,0.0000027489366],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039273295,0.000046916666,0.0012460004,0.000003861652,0.000019281759,2.484095e-7,0.00007974185,0.0005507432,0.0010573808,0.40142676,0.00087740173,0.59465235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039904434,0.00018372774,0.9432245,0.00006090605,0.0000015451726,0.000003324786,0.000008559724,0.027603565,0.002647382,0.017877653,0.007900469,0.00008930525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020955768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014409461,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9419785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000617125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066715875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18597852},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}