{"meta":{"query_hash":"ad25cdc8a44a","filters":{"venue":"Economic Policy"},"cohort_total":19,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":19,"exported":19,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/ad25cdc8a44a","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Economic+Policy"},"results":[{"id":"W1516859891","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiv015","title":"Managerial practices and student performance","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Library science; Sociology; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.07145941785044578,"score_gpt":0.28121795475156014,"score_spread":0.20975853690111435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1516859891","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69261825,0.0013071818,0.000009144239,0.0011202036,0.0007280501,0.00011892966,0.000035106797,0.00004162521,0.30402154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866081,0.00023839247,0.00012186459,0.0004890259,0.0011039779,0.000027321705,0.0000091349575,0.000026022222,0.011376173],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986527,0.000017486615,0.0005551298,0.00046922284,0.000016078477,0.00028936635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998681,0.00002769771,0.0007105883,0.00036418272,0.000008176331,0.0002083684],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007082796,0.0001778342,0.00038816428,0.0002680629,0.00010462769,0.00013349086,0.0002759708,0.00008014756,0.0002298001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000086804816,0.00022663496,0.000056171095,0.000050631897,0.000098823606,0.0010001538,0.00011940532,0.00010635097,0.0043024016],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012835702,0.00011606181,0.18367785,0.000044207383,0.00019589807,0.0000108937165,0.007112728,0.00020879444,0.000006617371,0.78630286,0.01845021,0.0037455144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012985666,0.00015631055,0.02251706,0.0000067475357,0.0000062508266,0.00002029949,0.0005192738,0.0011320432,0.000035167202,0.012904032,0.96096265,0.0004415844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011038699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000047042166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94251245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000406359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000113446986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99647284},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1556467697","doi":"10.18288/1994-5124-2016-4-01","title":"Fragile by design: The Political Origins of Banking Crises and Scarce Credit","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Economic Theory and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":239,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Financial system; Business; Economics; Political science","score_opus":0.035703747766283274,"score_gpt":0.2584709906339079,"score_spread":0.22276724286762462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1556467697","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9018415,0.0011948748,0.003376853,0.020489933,0.00052668405,0.00031059392,0.001714953,0.00005913219,0.070485465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959424,0.00025997387,0.00013090401,0.0014187569,0.0008710499,0.000021730088,0.0000029989194,0.00003382519,0.0013183366],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983284,0.00004805854,0.0006745262,0.00038841425,0.0000103131415,0.00055031583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99842036,0.0005942893,0.00032509124,0.000475063,0.000008417735,0.00017679282],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058852916,0.00019960766,0.0004436243,0.00020661719,0.00012966357,0.000054041902,0.00040582867,0.000112235495,0.0013091032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017939869,0.00015652158,0.00011282318,0.00006203712,0.00041870063,0.0003015648,0.000121011115,0.0000984766,0.0008485926],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001688066,0.000016363476,0.0055307862,0.000008452309,0.000047296355,2.635252e-7,0.00019194398,0.000005727841,0.00014212678,0.98762524,0.005355816,0.0010591046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071989157,0.000073542666,0.002227823,0.000018714507,0.000008159779,0.000015997834,0.00007326286,0.00013178488,0.0038686374,0.79801214,0.19455214,0.00029793463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031685429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024710402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18961313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046571437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009961186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076334314","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0327.2006.00156.x","title":"International competition in corporate taxation: evidence from the OECD time series","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Harmonization; Convergence (economics); Corporate tax; Tax competition; Public economics; Globalization; Cointegration; Competition (biology); International taxation; Empirical evidence; International economics; Double taxation; Macroeconomics; Tax reform; Tax avoidance; Econometrics; Market economy","score_opus":0.022657939004771758,"score_gpt":0.2207345765469837,"score_spread":0.19807663754221194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076334314","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9064879,0.000034865443,0.00009392232,0.030200977,0.00042897087,0.00014382368,0.000026075915,0.00007242067,0.06251106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909635,0.000016833099,0.00007295481,0.0018207955,0.0044001937,0.000015206701,0.00015461438,0.000009465771,0.0025464415],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942696,0.000010178924,0.00023325709,0.00016076834,0.0000581891,0.000110617686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991036,0.000048387185,0.00067931233,0.00013787292,0.000026356787,0.000004474057],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015906268,0.00008926782,0.000089898866,0.000112588554,0.00007797676,0.0002785929,0.00022331477,0.000025565467,0.002097018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056415025,0.00007920403,0.00002962192,0.000093209186,0.00005080921,0.0013710356,0.000072252355,0.000059422695,0.0058177128],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000098887016,0.000059648348,0.34510684,0.000014430711,0.000018897314,0.000007099975,0.00009907745,0.006554938,0.0025731605,0.5769267,0.064122066,0.004418213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038634788,0.000002505809,0.728905,0.000049783943,0.000004946829,0.0000012445594,0.000035333684,0.011753672,0.000129859,0.055417486,0.20313278,0.00018103619],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01264782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002899592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52150923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001189274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004671734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988152},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102661467","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0327.2010.00242.x","title":"From Great Depression to Great Credit Crisis: similarities, differences and lessons","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Economic Theory and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":284,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Great Depression; Depression (economics); Financial crisis; Economics; Financial system; Political science; Keynesian economics; Law","score_opus":0.03056400005590188,"score_gpt":0.26106824338509216,"score_spread":0.23050424332919028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2102661467","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94996864,0.00036714086,0.00005942887,0.010064486,0.0012737779,0.00018685921,0.0024407993,0.00008485914,0.035554033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911958,0.00020589218,0.0004128853,0.0025095344,0.003404813,0.000054110904,0.000029183748,0.00004915499,0.0021386005],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979488,0.000023128794,0.0006740805,0.0007998786,0.000012210931,0.00054184976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99840486,0.00017163127,0.0002656801,0.0007173809,0.000008172525,0.00043224567],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003211354,0.00032647655,0.0006526712,0.00045470995,0.00023187921,0.00025105473,0.00050245173,0.00025936353,0.0028697678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012917527,0.00037966736,0.00012657273,0.00007901061,0.00012815071,0.0004373497,0.00025714524,0.0003307625,0.0023414595],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054634962,0.000035340163,0.09771327,0.000014945968,0.000107072396,0.000003180216,0.002439476,0.000019708837,0.000094010444,0.87030846,0.022910535,0.0062993704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008810567,0.000058258458,0.1340213,0.00001910167,0.000014854881,0.000016940698,0.00028308784,0.00034040128,0.0003550928,0.654261,0.20899701,0.00075192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025378348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032999793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21604748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013957931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000074459145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986553},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124519973","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0327.2006.00167.x","title":"Twin deficits: squaring theory, evidence and common sense","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":330,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Current account; Openness to experience; Fiscal policy; Government spending; Retrenchment; Monetary economics; Vector autoregression; Small open economy; Macroeconomics; Government revenue; Government budget; Deficit spending; Exchange rate; Public finance; Debt","score_opus":0.05638057714239044,"score_gpt":0.24822805377024226,"score_spread":0.19184747662785182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2124519973","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9019614,0.002703015,0.00015631822,0.001600371,0.00023975939,0.0001884993,0.00018511005,0.000077065124,0.09288845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99417704,0.00031693556,0.0001849929,0.000992925,0.0009769902,0.000016375521,0.0000129320215,0.00004487365,0.003276926],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978716,0.00003879253,0.0008733846,0.00057654735,0.0000144014575,0.00062527135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99866545,0.00026058411,0.00038334707,0.00052786013,0.0000030050767,0.00015977495],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000902557,0.00028373254,0.0005799175,0.0004354189,0.00018401477,0.00018703626,0.00021870006,0.0001368215,0.00050366373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000097648845,0.00035568798,0.000134811,0.000081492595,0.00014456904,0.0006529935,0.00012500456,0.00017598395,0.0028700035],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037558173,0.000034142537,0.08834916,0.000027916374,0.000046826794,0.0000052649293,0.0002984855,0.0032749388,0.000018104716,0.90431666,0.0024933075,0.0010976321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00095907476,0.000103907325,0.22548515,0.000048396967,0.000015077879,0.00012726682,0.00005998238,0.01916598,0.00019238846,0.7138885,0.039086476,0.0008677981],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03493803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00055104244,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19042815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039456086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000368037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146294885","doi":"10.1111/1468-0327.00085","title":"Unemployment clusters across Europe's regions and countries","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Connaught Fund; University of Toronto; Centre for Economic Policy Research","keywords":"Unemployment; Economics; Inequality; Polarization (electrochemistry); Regional policy; Labour economics; Economies of agglomeration; Wage; Demographic economics; Economic geography; Economic growth; Political science","score_opus":0.03540779705062344,"score_gpt":0.24232038672866238,"score_spread":0.20691258967803894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2146294885","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81897724,0.0027910622,0.00040161822,0.06490322,0.00046654028,0.00025050898,0.00068159186,0.00008718253,0.111441046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9791419,0.005335465,0.00009996771,0.0028091269,0.0004928253,0.000022473287,0.000012098485,0.000038785936,0.012047392],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837184,0.000011162179,0.000649786,0.0005107313,0.000016643362,0.00043985297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904466,0.000046909656,0.00032376772,0.00038292832,0.000012442806,0.00018929093],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024594576,0.00020651954,0.00047031694,0.00022874768,0.0002396081,0.00021569477,0.00024756318,0.000080912265,0.0006803638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035032783,0.00024683995,0.00013899877,0.00011526806,0.00019491317,0.0002767214,0.00014016857,0.000099660036,0.0036601068],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000068815757,0.000030201516,0.015618082,0.000009819896,0.00013118096,0.0000031781758,0.0008345069,0.00068180007,8.244711e-7,0.96922314,0.012590966,0.000869418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070390536,0.000054153315,0.006394553,0.0000072198045,0.000008507301,0.000020894075,0.00007027199,0.037316334,0.00000803196,0.031750694,0.9232024,0.00046302626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003914032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00053248997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93747246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026182728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019477788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147935988","doi":"10.1111/1468-0327.12039","title":"Do oil price increases cause higher food prices?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":230,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Monetary economics; Oil price; Food prices; Food security; Biology; Agriculture","score_opus":0.024998554982993106,"score_gpt":0.2386340085426562,"score_spread":0.2136354535596631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2147935988","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5909544,0.00030847275,0.00022756578,0.00092384836,0.00041869076,0.00007218055,0.00031215,0.0000708429,0.40671185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911973,0.00019204098,0.00031870313,0.0008854455,0.0010384539,0.000032096123,0.00002226715,0.000045638804,0.0062680584],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808556,0.000029665805,0.00072563946,0.0006203395,0.00002364929,0.0005151409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99832964,0.00014988203,0.00048606726,0.0007846993,0.000014407819,0.0002352947],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082030793,0.0002519708,0.00050835736,0.000334617,0.00012673487,0.00016045892,0.00042844258,0.00014849938,0.0021349029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022332864,0.00030359335,0.00016522805,0.00014771704,0.00007052148,0.00030597742,0.00016124277,0.00016177577,0.0014737282],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015751828,0.000079063335,0.116248384,0.000037615908,0.00008856265,4.577958e-7,0.00007120863,0.00002153961,0.0000016905507,0.8790461,0.0019330854,0.002456586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009657886,0.00011210276,0.20178045,0.000011842892,0.000009121061,0.000005406865,0.000006576505,0.01646532,0.00000646579,0.16988575,0.61014634,0.00060483284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029928845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019973087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70916027,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004220785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000076622644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2534843125","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eix013","title":"Necessity as the mother of invention: monetary policy after the crisis","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":202,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Monetary policy; Economics; Monetary economics; Keynesian economics","score_opus":0.02193093364092555,"score_gpt":0.26452280220174657,"score_spread":0.24259186856082102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2534843125","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69049335,0.0014009757,0.000011137042,0.066669315,0.0004277163,0.00019529891,0.000419807,0.000015700161,0.24036671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894913,0.0005664142,0.000017530574,0.0052942904,0.0014560529,0.00003325557,0.0000026232785,0.000021924629,0.003116628],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872726,0.000025939822,0.000574941,0.00027715074,0.000029091172,0.00036561346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99782604,0.00003491972,0.0007121015,0.0013359019,0.0000156979,0.000075329735],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004919252,0.00018494054,0.0003811341,0.0001523189,0.0005300058,0.00022618157,0.0010876508,0.000100908124,0.0007624752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016793102,0.0001379324,0.0002963499,0.000080118865,0.00033400097,0.0003057943,0.00028259866,0.00014211416,0.002006919],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031363048,0.000028386572,0.04321224,0.000012055048,0.0000713702,7.510938e-7,0.0011582704,0.000052648847,0.000001912628,0.9296056,0.024876682,0.0009487066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022638027,0.000028268823,0.40604952,0.000007247991,0.000007977967,0.000004981846,0.000097728305,0.00008568634,0.000046418536,0.25522906,0.3380542,0.000162541],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12181106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001313956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67437655,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014717667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011658663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987701},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3002491385","doi":"10.18288/1994-5124-2019-3-70-79","title":"Universal Basic Income: The Political Economic Aspect","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Basic income; Basic needs; Politics; Government (linguistics); Economics; Welfare state; Welfare; Public economics; Labour economics; Economic growth; Political science; Poverty; Market economy; Law","score_opus":0.013495812635398655,"score_gpt":0.3066965814632667,"score_spread":0.29320076882786805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3002491385","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42912674,0.000018574716,3.221681e-7,0.047177427,0.00072428316,0.00016825902,0.000024059766,0.000054454526,0.52270585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817346,0.00010038477,0.0000042307456,0.0017881833,0.005551463,0.000006878052,0.0000012812151,0.000014215057,0.010798787],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872124,0.00012260691,0.00019188816,0.00021020352,0.00006579895,0.0006882574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925554,0.0002528303,0.00007894202,0.00023949645,0.000008388282,0.000164785],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033237116,0.00012707924,0.0002155193,0.00010060114,0.0006300296,0.00007620879,0.0004407024,0.00010617992,0.0005332025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006360012,0.00009683864,0.00014662142,0.000072475006,0.00063723413,0.00021425997,0.00013089472,0.00015261926,0.005750704],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000053864906,0.0000049090695,0.008173644,0.0000018652348,0.000041361858,3.6977463e-7,0.0030699433,0.000012008897,0.0000011146182,0.986226,0.0020632716,0.00040008314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012939428,0.00009889546,0.08230034,0.000016739623,0.000041225543,0.0000053550125,0.043868754,0.00014741617,0.000084089086,0.4880695,0.38335943,0.0007143083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.080330886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012859662,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55260783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014780086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001087875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950234},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024403117","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiz009","title":"Academic salaries and public evaluation of university research: Evidence from the UK Research Excellence Framework","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Occupational and Professional Licensing Regulation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"London Metropolitan University; Liverpool John Moores University; University of Surrey; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Ulster University; Queen's University; University of Hertfordshire; London South Bank University; University of Bristol; Loughborough University; University of Glasgow; University of Reading; University of Roehampton; King's College London; Imperial College London; University of Oxford; Coventry University; University of Warwick; University of St Andrews; University of East Anglia; Queen Mary University of London; Trent University; Canterbury Christ Church University; University of Sussex; Bath Spa University; Anglia Ruskin University; University of Essex; University of Bedfordshire; Kingston University; University of Chester; Robert Gordon University; University of Exeter; Oxford Brookes University; University of Wolverhampton; London School of Economics and Political Science; Middlesex University; Durham University; Abertay University; University of Gloucestershire; Manchester Metropolitan University; University College London; University of Southampton; Nottingham Trent University; Bucks New University; Liverpool Hope University; Falmouth University; University of Worcester; University of West London; University of Northampton; University of Chichester; Teesside University; De Montfort University; University of Portsmouth; University of Leicester; Harper Adams University; Cardiff University; Edge Hill University; Sheffield Hallam University; University of Winchester; Birmingham City University; Bournemouth University; University of Leeds; University of Bath; Leeds Beckett University","keywords":"Salary; Excellence; Incentive; Government (linguistics); Pay for performance; Performance-related pay; Empirical research; Economics; Business; Political science; Microeconomics; Statistics","score_opus":0.3995109841730265,"score_gpt":0.42919765863318526,"score_spread":0.02968667446015877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3024403117","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795168,0.0025757519,0.000035179975,0.012816158,0.00023960053,0.00032160478,0.0001321434,0.0000076196584,0.004355162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978626,0.00079820346,0.00017147521,0.00008547761,0.00036149228,0.0000036499666,0.000014673905,0.00000845174,0.0006940198],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839145,0.0004645312,0.00032734842,0.00036646714,0.00016672023,0.000283473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951586,0.0039671217,0.00021296514,0.00038722568,0.00020421596,0.00006987784],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008946191,0.000077443234,0.00018063259,0.00036851518,0.00030360912,0.00005751733,0.0003985705,0.000170614,0.00078468665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028474266,0.00007542744,0.00003813919,0.00035436227,0.00035344076,0.0004564097,0.00025993766,0.0005348094,0.000855577],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004806281,0.000007113673,0.49219415,0.0000079196725,0.00001566286,5.222817e-8,0.000910266,0.00010124079,0.00003528366,0.5038417,0.0012183026,0.0016202602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015870649,0.000022380966,0.6240092,0.00009544225,0.0000022349125,3.2590847e-7,0.00036412737,0.004748553,0.000028734308,0.3648518,0.005649423,0.00006908694],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008193573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015122977,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13898987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046545002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004730037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321791062","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiad001","title":"The legacies of war for Ukraine","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Context (archaeology); Political repression; Refugee; Ukrainian; Political science; Political economy; Ethnic group; Criminology; Development economics; Sociology; History; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.04689327005308268,"score_gpt":0.35456687059249437,"score_spread":0.3076736005394117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321791062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6271431,0.0004826778,0.000009713403,0.051976442,0.0010262104,0.00044805912,0.000093839655,0.00014218314,0.31867778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982215,0.0007701732,0.000008722626,0.00018318716,0.0010226684,0.00002501298,0.0000025745508,0.000006098037,0.015766576],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994804,0.000027108861,0.00012226016,0.00008304727,0.00003795634,0.00024922314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956244,0.00020510732,0.000052389616,0.00012139172,0.000014209954,0.0000444632],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005036561,0.00004263409,0.000081377155,0.000051660358,0.00037972478,0.000027255297,0.00023967284,0.0000322017,0.000026941087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016655069,0.000035315265,0.00007264941,0.00008032642,0.00018950111,0.000056819175,0.000031426334,0.00002444542,0.00016269126],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000061073924,0.0000050248227,0.00026929233,0.000006612915,0.000023146882,9.876953e-8,0.036918476,0.000012575654,0.000037212856,0.90071446,0.051647358,0.010359643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000118717064,0.000013003496,0.0017446268,0.0000011491605,0.0000027256688,9.191166e-8,0.007451371,0.000081952494,0.0001202145,0.027553173,0.9628659,0.0000471143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008062234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004488256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9112185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005622999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029271838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99854314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381572498","doi":"10.18288/1994-5124-2022-5-54-77","title":"Cross-Border Carbon Regulation and Forests in Russia: From Expectations and Myth to Realization of Interests","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Arctic and Russian Policy Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Reforestation; Additionality; Carbon sequestration; Natural resource economics; Business; Carbon offset; Forest management; Carbon neutrality; Forestry; Economics; Climate change; Geography; Greenhouse gas; Environmental economics; Ecology","score_opus":0.015651115630918398,"score_gpt":0.3833024355115132,"score_spread":0.3676513198805948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381572498","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9724269,0.00009013478,0.000018780882,0.00627801,0.000061375475,0.00014248988,0.00003805847,0.000010794696,0.020933488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987198,0.000033829303,0.00005175907,0.00014188791,0.00015179899,0.000029106222,0.0000058918763,0.000005811437,0.0008600906],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994519,0.00006665839,0.0001694524,0.00014139069,0.000046199795,0.00012444264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997282,0.00006909766,0.00007562905,0.00007025777,0.000006472685,0.00005031367],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012143132,0.000051450414,0.000110844325,0.0001623057,0.0002466846,0.000019431704,0.00004848414,0.00002442764,0.0000663713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008946798,0.0000571876,0.000011326877,0.000110271074,0.0001399955,0.000082273145,0.00010386802,0.000037583904,0.0000012395221],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048193517,0.000027314363,0.41415337,0.000008064862,0.000029886385,6.7991897e-7,0.2671169,0.00063302816,0.000025734362,0.3094488,0.00091459655,0.0075934255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027626185,0.000027202523,0.9635965,0.0000071949025,0.0000040102773,4.9114914e-7,0.008338229,0.000364057,0.000012298375,0.022036625,0.005255975,0.00008114681],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11608713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06542004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5494432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020891284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000114658076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95163363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392564588","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiae020","title":"Casualties of border changes: evidence from nighttime lights and plant exit","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Università degli Studi di Trento","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.022889667303596383,"score_gpt":0.2991756927115605,"score_spread":0.27628602540796415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392564588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98445916,0.0014886908,0.000008001002,0.0054739495,0.00015216149,0.00011417065,0.00010561491,0.000032431017,0.0081658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99357736,0.0030243068,0.00016013731,0.00037635636,0.000348788,0.0000072800894,0.0000072535627,0.000015226023,0.002483287],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916476,0.000023422705,0.0001836657,0.00026349103,0.00007930752,0.00028533099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999501,0.00011649139,0.000053929674,0.00018239189,4.262938e-7,0.00014576115],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017328284,0.00012617289,0.00017476869,0.00011412906,0.00005715376,0.0000346513,0.00013296498,0.000057242043,0.004308624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011251723,0.00010766282,0.000028597333,0.000059658436,0.00016402653,0.00028479402,0.00012100931,0.0000741065,0.0012932117],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003616064,0.00033182703,0.5530161,0.00069582794,0.00051164307,0.00012839214,0.083148494,0.00033484175,0.057954676,0.016576938,0.19043896,0.096500695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040272722,0.00035469347,0.6315968,0.00035273118,0.00004666538,0.000026430216,0.00022908488,0.0025191745,0.01523383,0.0059724483,0.34266156,0.00060386624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0145402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012601587,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15222262,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002521651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041467058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392935421","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiae024","title":"Trade liberalization, economic activity and political violence in the Global South: evidence from PTAs","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Economics; Exploit; Agriculture; Liberalization; Politics; International economics; Free trade; Food security; Trade barrier; International trade; Development economics; Market economy; Political science; Geography","score_opus":0.026550854477221178,"score_gpt":0.2992239391668385,"score_spread":0.2726730846896173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392935421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9760043,0.00026596212,0.000024782223,0.017660933,0.0003236462,0.00021013303,0.00010104231,0.00007592284,0.005333271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99501455,0.000050506645,0.0000054272755,0.0022529385,0.0026372902,0.000009728245,0.000008292744,0.000011563994,0.000009695118],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888796,0.00004036687,0.00022695327,0.0003547721,0.000056198136,0.00043377033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995536,0.00014662438,0.00005281539,0.00020641822,0.000005617539,0.000034905137],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032145795,0.00017223766,0.00019318414,0.00009336768,0.00010882925,0.00083077705,0.0002781988,0.00008462513,0.000050780032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017655408,0.00014940825,0.000079462385,0.00015393662,0.00015747042,0.0014078352,0.00009465053,0.00012510098,0.00016762217],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029296581,0.000035962807,0.17629924,0.000112886126,0.000033972778,0.0000111152385,0.001893837,0.0001561597,0.0000033125766,0.81581324,0.0010042605,0.0046067154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001929744,0.000008273469,0.6885399,0.00010324654,0.000038110946,0.0000025626032,0.0015702621,0.0059244125,0.000003426581,0.30120227,0.002185308,0.0002292457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08879598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020816529,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.514611,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00083086354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024911112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9172718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402665777","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiae053","title":"How learning about harms impacts the optimal rate of artificial intelligence adoption","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Baycrest Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Economics; Computer science","score_opus":0.05937833734388442,"score_gpt":0.30099421005282934,"score_spread":0.2416158727089449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402665777","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92597383,0.0038254424,0.028609945,0.025529496,0.0019586557,0.0005090249,0.00030777612,0.0002203456,0.01306547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99503666,0.00063697447,0.00012547159,0.0004555256,0.00097568665,0.0000151570775,0.00001052586,0.000040567844,0.002703432],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842906,0.000036330315,0.0006488294,0.0004076338,0.00002130478,0.00045683965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989115,0.00027692877,0.000335916,0.0003458555,0.0000130989365,0.00011671943],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012156004,0.00020054156,0.0003588109,0.00047818263,0.0001133586,0.0004200479,0.00035101373,0.00011637814,0.00032368448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00066304445,0.00019064342,0.00019430749,0.0002693658,0.00014710607,0.000538533,0.00010415012,0.00035185338,0.0014372682],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037133566,0.00002360392,0.0017877596,0.000108052416,0.00013700446,0.0000040628165,0.002836027,0.02546092,0.00043623213,0.9363658,0.0012336172,0.03156979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003910061,0.00037952242,0.023730313,0.00023843689,0.000048752205,0.000048347225,0.0010818262,0.49649924,0.0067407615,0.20339026,0.26616028,0.0012912744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016034627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044666467,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73297554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005486892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002782662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99934024},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404547605","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiae057","title":"Concentrating intelligence: scaling and market structure in artificial intelligence","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Economic theories and models","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Scaling; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.030161948333667588,"score_gpt":0.26999208063889246,"score_spread":0.23983013230522487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404547605","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9127669,0.0071471403,0.01006529,0.0028328036,0.0019021345,0.00038027973,0.0007019795,0.00012728437,0.06407622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99723434,0.00066842773,0.00061342795,0.00022602547,0.00072660367,0.000011414397,0.000008160232,0.000035183813,0.00047643064],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979566,0.0000157096,0.0009415538,0.0006215242,0.000012003739,0.00045261503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993645,0.00013490808,0.00013753067,0.00024239552,0.000004561235,0.00011610556],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057573215,0.00021310417,0.0004016159,0.00041549685,0.00007624597,0.00033512566,0.00022187519,0.00013723475,0.0014062925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007910849,0.00026120452,0.00007868571,0.00014798329,0.00014092123,0.00039951233,0.000107949876,0.00025911626,0.00033858136],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010060997,0.000006200368,0.0009891815,0.000037430647,0.000022926886,0.00000441467,0.001281743,0.0017357146,0.00001073909,0.95937365,0.00010813362,0.03641979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000039026232,0.000018048035,0.00043103733,0.00004519296,0.000002339014,0.000016273638,0.00041527732,0.16709399,0.00030070843,0.8236905,0.007654333,0.00029331454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001266623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026105298,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16535828,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046218486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000106310086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406867533","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiae060","title":"Alberto Galasso discussion of: AI harm &amp; adoption","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Harm; Do no harm; Economics; Psychology; Criminology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.02853418860409381,"score_gpt":0.4111676121139766,"score_spread":0.38263342350988283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406867533","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17642556,0.000035186924,0.000079570666,0.24587621,0.00066210603,0.0001520495,0.000018199371,0.000041736126,0.5767094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95788145,0.0002090796,0.00006971244,0.0022808416,0.00056096603,0.0000039405063,0.0000043980062,0.000005768046,0.038983822],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928653,0.000084998435,0.00019616116,0.0001283463,0.0000688656,0.00023508885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995294,0.00010014751,0.00008535156,0.00014606751,0.000043915377,0.00009507033],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005423227,0.00006792767,0.00014543657,0.00013085501,0.00030622754,0.00008689853,0.00019345734,0.00014418781,0.00020517045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055497035,0.00005709674,0.00008567245,0.00011920012,0.00022117661,0.00029620563,0.000051135397,0.00015358535,0.00016025273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007845269,0.00002708251,0.0031393794,0.00000838023,0.000023551109,8.439985e-8,0.00978117,0.0000183759,0.00014366476,0.956022,0.025244208,0.005584239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026649842,0.000015153669,0.013608286,0.000042902524,0.000014021818,7.711569e-8,0.0014201197,0.000024742734,0.00018198923,0.24272229,0.74156165,0.00014227898],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03750958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015307303,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78145593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037202786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011559888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9688997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414041180","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiaf010","title":"Gender and armed conflict","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office","keywords":"Armed conflict; Politics; Resistance (ecology); Empirical research; Empirical evidence","score_opus":0.03863508684662746,"score_gpt":0.3470457956242893,"score_spread":0.3084107087776618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414041180","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18313853,0.00050218386,0.000014589858,0.0039377576,0.00030228027,0.00012253453,0.000007988322,0.000056070898,0.8119181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98121476,0.0005246989,0.000019537898,0.0026723908,0.00055760937,0.000010411233,0.0000013908036,0.000005136581,0.014994056],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992832,0.000057587324,0.00013457761,0.0001934324,0.000039356768,0.00029182795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996356,0.00006141104,0.000036095666,0.00014151861,0.000011233953,0.00011417036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025065456,0.00008044417,0.00012785077,0.00013141693,0.00027789586,0.00009224005,0.00017000188,0.00007823513,0.00021223768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006342942,0.000090571,0.000042719137,0.00007190113,0.00020667161,0.00008930746,0.000055413104,0.0000681497,0.00017062743],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036349384,0.000009056983,0.0040149046,0.00000667129,0.000029782126,5.42314e-7,0.015012036,0.0000012611463,0.00001637256,0.9660441,0.010319483,0.0045421408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030834225,0.000005467282,0.031168398,0.0000029460462,0.000009105607,6.160579e-7,0.0036422126,0.000030935524,0.000052055795,0.034358636,0.93030626,0.000115011026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010054798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011067289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9316855,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014464238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006796405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416337954","doi":"10.18288/1994-5124-2025-5-122-155","title":"Marx, Kantorovich, and Novozhilov: What Is Wrong With Stoimost’?","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Economic Policy","topic":"Political Economy and Marxism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Blame; Marxist philosophy; Value (mathematics); Face (sociological concept); Value theory; Foundation (evidence); Mistake; Labor theory of value","score_opus":0.008566061389370685,"score_gpt":0.2852760796306079,"score_spread":0.27671001824123725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416337954","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2042176,0.004025551,0.000042409123,0.10664046,0.001676256,0.0006665477,0.000126287,0.000080301346,0.6825246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92976797,0.0088615175,0.000071292925,0.020975249,0.0014780272,0.000032705506,0.000003919949,0.000029357301,0.038779985],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99686605,0.00015653933,0.0006304559,0.0009031878,0.00009725882,0.001346533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99818116,0.00036922353,0.00021816367,0.0005451317,0.000034403318,0.00065189204],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005920696,0.00044341694,0.00068025425,0.00033846055,0.00085040537,0.0010771356,0.0005487521,0.00035649797,0.002016442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007259396,0.0004667115,0.00014198829,0.00024703145,0.0016296739,0.0020774647,0.00033776544,0.00033734713,0.000782603],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006228119,0.000058967853,0.0017548834,0.000076964665,0.00021742065,0.000004265892,0.005472924,0.000004828252,0.0000037134844,0.9006768,0.004897508,0.08676944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015205725,0.00015559095,0.0055378852,0.00031415446,0.00012512911,0.000007255858,0.006737865,0.00036836165,0.00014332043,0.064504296,0.9198309,0.0007546402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026015215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00426208,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91493344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011835574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0030191129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}