{"meta":{"query_hash":"df38a9353b00","filters":{"venue":"GPS Solutions"},"cohort_total":120,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":120,"exported":120,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/df38a9353b00","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=GPS+Solutions"},"results":[{"id":"W1198948360","doi":"10.1007/s10291-015-0484-y","title":"Modeling and verifying the impact of time delay on INS-aided GNSS PLLs","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"GNSS applications; Inertial navigation system; Satellite system; Computer science; Phase-locked loop; Bandwidth (computing); Acceleration; Navigation system; Real-time computing; Global Positioning System; Engineering; Simulation; Electronic engineering; Inertial frame of reference; Jitter; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.04543749683613862,"score_gpt":0.26661283819470116,"score_spread":0.22117534135856254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1198948360","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886592,0.00022529202,0.007961115,0.00003315824,0.00006982575,0.00007817057,0.000013773616,0.00007017141,0.0028892774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99977064,0.000018345421,0.00010541554,0.0000062435283,0.000055297718,0.0000033044698,0.000008851845,0.000010105444,0.000021786995],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996236,0.000016131586,0.00010485508,0.0000527665,0.00007291655,0.00012972682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997817,0.000022063306,0.000010963145,0.00010239283,0.000037666512,0.0000451605],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010186149,0.00006319702,0.00007262892,0.00003393124,0.00007534742,0.000010569409,0.000041600524,0.000039468967,0.000007426928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029579407,0.00004576142,0.000037324127,0.000095646275,0.000018938843,0.00006830248,0.000012524129,0.00008824942,0.000028082994],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006706609,0.0000068701866,0.000036617817,0.000002689392,0.000017884891,2.9820123e-7,0.0004622827,0.98930955,0.009071991,0.00017544546,0.00045687155,0.0004527862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016199026,0.00003662806,0.0003293571,0.000016317897,0.00001134211,0.0000038305893,0.000040513067,0.99836,0.0006436286,0.00030924898,0.000028593147,0.00005855361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041381826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011395683,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011111433,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063259235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014482829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18660966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1200378901","doi":"10.1007/s10291-015-0475-z","title":"An advanced GNSS code multipath detection and estimation algorithm","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Multipath propagation; GNSS applications; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Algorithm; Multipath mitigation; Maximum likelihood; Global Positioning System; Real-time computing; Channel (broadcasting); Statistics; Mathematics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0254570484413859,"score_gpt":0.25560390523735804,"score_spread":0.23014685679597213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1200378901","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13837205,0.00015583892,0.8594967,0.000018093417,0.00029078356,0.000065422326,0.000022933726,0.00040136522,0.0011767723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97017384,0.00001145054,0.029682036,0.0000075682237,0.000035582325,0.000025842231,0.000022014303,0.000010406991,0.000031280815],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999616,0.000014462098,0.000084883985,0.00009446001,0.000059253158,0.00013092901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973124,0.000009154037,0.0000117100635,0.00010635054,0.000048958926,0.00009256749],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006384466,0.00006622989,0.0000547676,0.000046156034,0.0001073332,0.000032483098,0.000036860012,0.000042252115,0.0000027493804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000220307,0.00007343966,0.000010850262,0.00007075831,0.00002462447,0.00027510105,0.000008175033,0.000080242105,0.000030417685],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000691343,0.00006481582,0.000073412535,0.000016926584,0.000018600356,0.0000012769514,0.0016315305,0.56895214,0.026559044,0.00059652055,0.00047084707,0.40160796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020834162,0.00006968893,0.001643736,0.000016066575,0.000007997989,0.000015363294,0.00012895564,0.9942043,0.0027511716,0.00053329254,0.00033019992,0.000090907604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036664158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000054995693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8318018,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000063306536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008688565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29947823},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964409047","doi":"10.1007/s10291-012-0309-1","title":"Improved precise point positioning in the presence of ionospheric scintillation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Scintillation; Precise Point Positioning; Interplanetary scintillation; GNSS applications; Computer science; Global Positioning System; Geodesy; Remote sensing; Kalman filter; Outlier; Ionosphere; Estimator; Algorithm; Detector; Environmental science; Geology; Physics; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence; Statistics","score_opus":0.0124042817795934,"score_gpt":0.2071388670468737,"score_spread":0.1947345852672803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964409047","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91740453,0.00037119907,0.060545444,0.00045553973,0.0002876573,0.00047458088,0.000008679015,0.00015729827,0.020295063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984462,0.000015522333,0.0013562143,0.000015307414,0.000023398748,0.00007659355,0.0000055389432,0.000006381652,0.000054843884],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99948466,0.000031189753,0.00017489596,0.000079215584,0.00007342342,0.00015660409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999668,0.00006258219,0.000025843487,0.00016606014,0.000057794718,0.000019709736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000105138184,0.00006280224,0.000068322894,0.00003974954,0.00008396376,0.000038859638,0.00012002982,0.000034817902,0.000091092756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003857428,0.000052368378,0.00003065878,0.00021765429,0.00003998787,0.00023585305,0.00001719392,0.000110607216,0.000041163657],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009215942,0.00026679563,0.003939832,0.00014447536,0.0000664151,9.93999e-7,0.012092027,0.71373767,0.2190269,0.016149865,0.02504587,0.0095199365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001589829,0.000045590838,0.07569919,0.0001290703,0.000010416992,0.0000091810425,0.0005122023,0.91920066,0.0021640246,0.001870999,0.00007990229,0.00011978045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032053443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030300456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21686287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036302816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009939598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21355204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964844610","doi":"10.1007/s10291-012-0284-6","title":"Determining receiver biases in GPS-derived total electron content in the auroral oval and polar cap region using ionosonde measurements","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; University of Waterloo; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Division of Ocean Sciences; McGill University","keywords":"Ionosonde; TEC; Total electron content; Global Positioning System; GNSS applications; Satellite; Geodesy; VTEC; Remote sensing; Ionosphere; Environmental science; Latitude; Geology; Computer science; Physics; Electron density; Geophysics; Electron; Chemistry; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.12582598298098555,"score_gpt":0.28239911731541495,"score_spread":0.1565731343344294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964844610","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971571,0.00031629243,0.0012359305,0.00010223441,0.00013854224,0.00021941963,0.000007854713,0.000011985029,0.00081066816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992983,0.000005922753,0.00036116756,0.000059916307,0.00014312219,0.000020215815,0.000022831355,0.000011909645,0.000076617944],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989167,0.00012233609,0.0001956159,0.00015005581,0.00011362928,0.00050170644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996755,0.000036000234,0.000069962414,0.00013455651,0.000028725195,0.000055253917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020680373,0.00013606227,0.00013598183,0.000035754354,0.00019948336,0.000036482397,0.00007796082,0.0000422843,0.00002865003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015079915,0.000115938965,0.000051664778,0.00014040658,0.000049107355,0.00023860113,0.000043318592,0.00018480793,0.000004699565],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006377602,0.00067673245,0.9556995,0.00001246875,0.00007864698,0.0000067971955,0.004445763,0.0025987013,0.025372168,0.004843962,0.00059930567,0.005602166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026775892,0.00020222462,0.95885944,0.00018676062,0.00018212483,0.00004891701,0.0066744587,0.028509276,0.0006820265,0.0007184737,0.00054631446,0.00071236177],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028745837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005972797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025910575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009205848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006093064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47278538},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970847656","doi":"10.1007/s10291-010-0194-4","title":"Choosing the coherent integration time for Kalman filter-based carrier-phase tracking of GNSS signals","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Alberta Innovates; Helsingin Yliopisto","keywords":"GNSS applications; Kalman filter; SIGNAL (programming language); Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Pseudorange; Satellite system; Noise (video); Tracking (education); Filter (signal processing); Time delay and integration; Sensitivity (control systems); Global Positioning System; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Control (management)","score_opus":0.0324092535617488,"score_gpt":0.2772981809565584,"score_spread":0.2448889273948096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1970847656","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.56161374,0.00010772667,0.43408495,0.00027732487,0.00060572836,0.00042092084,0.00040263956,0.00022897682,0.0022579983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986435,9.672939e-7,0.0009980948,0.000023003033,0.000078285084,0.00008178084,0.0000998413,0.000013179168,0.000061335806],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994182,0.000019139816,0.00020209633,0.00009639747,0.000079027624,0.00018514284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994999,0.00012059422,0.000043398224,0.00019110223,0.00010481343,0.000040171923],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015838118,0.00009705774,0.00010511375,0.000054833516,0.00021596618,0.00004419463,0.00012522517,0.0000613039,0.00011543215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007055646,0.00007935739,0.00008555035,0.000090438014,0.00006305828,0.00009152065,0.000008170931,0.00019070596,0.000014451495],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009817429,0.00007734977,0.000015172986,0.000026758986,0.000027436961,1.4468708e-7,0.0005377691,0.023135198,0.9640064,0.0013290801,0.004958608,0.005876215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053190644,0.0001263786,0.0002681148,0.00013056812,0.000055555465,0.0000035857415,0.00009547027,0.700965,0.29557487,0.00044824602,0.0016407946,0.00015953743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026658327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005262941,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67782974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028876711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027809763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32361007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971792802","doi":"10.1007/s10291-004-0082-x","title":"Ionospheric TEC predictions over a local area GPS reference network","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"TEC; Ionosphere; Total electron content; Global Positioning System; Geodesy; Zenith; International Reference Ionosphere; Remote sensing; Geology; Computer science; Geophysics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01289367902843001,"score_gpt":0.2180913329298284,"score_spread":0.2051976539013984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971792802","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.025905993,0.0002017203,0.8617327,0.00033985323,0.00060291786,0.00029943397,0.00013888812,0.00023347668,0.11054497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920527,0.000013704451,0.004042804,0.000121614714,0.00060375204,0.00010924882,0.00021422362,0.000028774653,0.0028132163],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998562,0.000026184318,0.00028483424,0.00033206874,0.00016593453,0.0006290295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921566,0.000033322583,0.00009145372,0.00040663988,0.00008722734,0.0001657139],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000072954506,0.00022581217,0.000194956,0.000014712956,0.0006729399,0.00005826502,0.00020628353,0.00009790117,0.0026364538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000042225647,0.00022986837,0.00014530329,0.00045009278,0.00015897886,0.00021523859,0.0001142843,0.00033545008,0.00035785712],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000141822975,0.00044260587,0.0061015966,0.0000065745867,0.00013780623,0.0000035858159,0.00016250808,0.37240645,0.000054272034,0.5770363,0.03172178,0.0119123245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048807003,0.00055953517,0.072635844,0.00025651394,0.0005177199,0.000029367739,0.0023161974,0.08726972,0.00005767438,0.36708105,0.4622199,0.002175801],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016404096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005140906,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96614665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013543952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002794276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982753},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980494386","doi":"10.1007/s10291-014-0407-3","title":"Spoofing detection, classification and cancelation (SDCC) receiver architecture for a moving GNSS receiver","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Spoofing attack; GNSS applications; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Interference (communication); Computer vision; Global Positioning System; Computer security; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.04571485214876148,"score_gpt":0.2792750269741458,"score_spread":0.23356017482538433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1980494386","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009101512,0.00020136927,0.9846946,0.0040825657,0.00018090861,0.0003907529,0.0000042070706,0.00018838544,0.0011557188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9568073,0.00009851705,0.042356953,0.000100918754,0.00013962097,0.00018981544,0.000014262514,0.00001366276,0.00027895853],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998591,0.00023768905,0.00022659081,0.00038097907,0.00021212299,0.00035162765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982789,0.0005000707,0.000119712655,0.0007438701,0.0002547488,0.00010268563],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007305762,0.00011698642,0.00011976516,0.00019208583,0.0009773833,0.00017306158,0.00053484534,0.00010543772,0.0000053200897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030253053,0.00012316945,0.000049014547,0.0005240258,0.0001018943,0.0004131576,0.00021604053,0.00026443435,0.000013199785],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002692664,0.00006471816,0.0010621161,0.000046910405,0.00003699685,2.414689e-7,0.0020460284,0.021032842,0.013939019,0.14187247,0.0021128268,0.8177589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032575816,0.00004342487,0.033422027,0.000034901306,0.000008066077,0.0000086340715,0.000040295574,0.92195535,0.00027136563,0.012628821,0.031088628,0.00017271732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009191343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00054544513,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9477058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015161718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007046535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7517341},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980627924","doi":"10.1007/s10291-009-0159-7","title":"Use of a reduced IMU to aid a GPS receiver with adaptive tracking loops for land vehicle navigation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Inertial measurement unit; Global Positioning System; Accelerometer; Phase-locked loop; GPS/INS; Inertial navigation system; Computer science; Bandwidth (computing); Control theory (sociology); Noise (video); Assisted GPS; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Phase noise; Inertial frame of reference; Telecommunications; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.043501055378482555,"score_gpt":0.24598580079430005,"score_spread":0.20248474541581749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1980627924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95193547,0.000011821432,0.046895042,0.00008674128,0.00016050127,0.00021018676,0.00008068389,0.000108050976,0.0005114776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988579,0.0000014032731,0.011158472,0.000012639898,0.000048392965,0.00006375313,0.000025113477,0.00001639261,0.0000948778],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995234,0.000008396604,0.000118897304,0.00011156375,0.00006662282,0.00017111919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995862,0.000055019624,0.00002483989,0.00013778883,0.00014022547,0.000055884157],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054318058,0.00007795653,0.00009074506,0.00005318566,0.000103281236,0.000028150447,0.000058425467,0.000053297652,0.000010487104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003901117,0.00007526764,0.000031502732,0.00013592566,0.000032254942,0.00019166253,0.000009509124,0.00013922187,0.000012200629],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001562552,0.000108261236,0.0013196244,0.00005668654,0.00010902777,0.0000013443026,0.0034887395,0.087269485,0.8949338,0.004830913,0.0034535418,0.004272298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024388696,0.0015442552,0.08100182,0.0014581331,0.0002576983,0.00007907017,0.0006469098,0.5183006,0.38488537,0.0016833588,0.006542981,0.0011609447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012209837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021361951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51004845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028696268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020616024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30693254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980816762","doi":"10.1007/s10291-003-0057-3","title":"A performance comparison of single and dual frequency GPS ambiguity resolution strategies","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II","keywords":"Ambiguity resolution; Global Positioning System; Dual (grammatical number); Remote sensing; Ambiguity; Computer science; Geodesy; Environmental science; Geography; Telecommunications; GNSS applications","score_opus":0.044626439621603176,"score_gpt":0.2534771016507547,"score_spread":0.20885066202915153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1980816762","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9368934,0.0007767926,0.008661634,0.000019031271,0.00017272684,0.000053940515,0.0000141464925,0.00013211175,0.053276207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99840224,0.000050041133,0.0014587126,0.000002637611,0.000016310129,0.000009043143,0.000008817739,0.000008075206,0.000044117332],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994049,0.00002603037,0.00019311956,0.00009814393,0.00008097906,0.00019683999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973345,0.000018162118,0.000029859133,0.00012778782,0.000050352464,0.000040410025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000809792,0.00008754002,0.00011898474,0.000055455974,0.00015333055,0.000029036128,0.00004278595,0.00005835126,0.000022052534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023841141,0.000095709605,0.00002362999,0.000118291624,0.00009913751,0.00021013073,0.000011031575,0.0001205606,0.00001239001],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023361747,0.00081576564,0.046728477,0.00063882186,0.00017636502,0.000002551697,0.0079893535,0.20277238,0.48120382,0.24537022,0.0099383285,0.0043405453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015572477,0.001461468,0.22276883,0.0008510557,0.00019530197,0.00015244973,0.0056706,0.663202,0.08768227,0.011100025,0.0039382055,0.001420529],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007411325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000097357435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46042964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004905155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025357505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39029244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983021200","doi":"10.1007/s10291-004-0117-3","title":"Canadian GPS Network for Ionosphere Monitoring (CANGIM)","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Ionosphere; Assisted GPS; Remote sensing; Latitude; Computer science; Environmental science; Geodesy; Geography; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.012500330878067034,"score_gpt":0.23002168187942593,"score_spread":0.2175213510013589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983021200","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15756021,0.002933515,0.34760714,0.010537537,0.0068060067,0.0028478482,0.0014753109,0.0005771825,0.46965525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9632467,0.0000061751534,0.020499913,0.00010101226,0.0045053684,0.00014793153,0.00015087871,0.00003499968,0.011307011],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987468,0.000014161714,0.00019410257,0.00021774799,0.000072676376,0.00075452647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999326,0.000041827032,0.000052474934,0.00024207836,0.000084281804,0.000253335],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000086819506,0.0001598122,0.00014241369,0.000015320926,0.00070785097,0.00006120066,0.00016885236,0.000066195375,0.0011647507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000039804313,0.00017878378,0.00014687545,0.00016943697,0.000025833986,0.00015660234,0.00003174177,0.00013669494,0.00021205556],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014196776,0.00013704195,0.05157399,0.000012318916,0.00020503701,0.0000012407297,0.00030596132,0.08440847,0.0000709644,0.38941315,0.2815085,0.19234915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006185596,0.00005172383,0.005255312,0.00003100635,0.00007946914,0.0000013516279,0.00052907754,0.020050675,0.000058017686,0.012263282,0.9605799,0.00048167055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05854702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10842544,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8056865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019538097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033712896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99974835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987093287","doi":"10.1007/s10291-013-0354-4","title":"EPC: Matlab software to estimate Euler pole parameters","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"earthquake and tectonic studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"University of Twente; Université Laval","keywords":"Euler's formula; Software; Euler angles; Set (abstract data type); Geodesy; Surface (topology); Computer science; Geodynamics; Geology; Tectonics; Geometry; Algorithm; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Seismology","score_opus":0.0305494241290193,"score_gpt":0.24539352644174625,"score_spread":0.21484410231272694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987093287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9717864,0.0010285234,0.0033775538,0.003990706,0.0007645778,0.00043790878,0.00013568417,0.0003323585,0.018146303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813797,0.000017809678,0.016700752,0.0005605224,0.000047312067,0.000012936739,0.00003831074,0.0000039250413,0.001238748],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990136,0.000026299695,0.00014028243,0.00020576968,0.00014450122,0.0004695253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994024,0.00015270554,0.000026700773,0.00020508212,0.000046281963,0.0001668523],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000801833,0.00011512552,0.0001268952,0.00006864336,0.00043212375,0.00007679622,0.00014288879,0.000040997395,0.004797116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013821917,0.000094821415,0.00005761662,0.0002268992,0.00007378048,0.00016166296,0.000026654823,0.00009029145,0.013537699],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000103062075,0.000054455737,0.59704703,0.000023000499,0.00012404536,0.0000144571095,0.00090879895,0.013789738,0.00004718626,0.0006674305,0.14391492,0.24339865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010923047,0.000073803596,0.98374885,0.000014498579,0.000014643512,0.000010199339,0.000120267214,0.0014476558,0.000022711065,0.0017338914,0.012523286,0.00018093683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00675777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004388303,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38670185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004823591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029714673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990380746","doi":"10.1007/s10291-011-0222-z","title":"Methodology for comparing two carrier phase tracking techniques","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; General Motors of Canada; Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung","keywords":"Phase-locked loop; Extended Kalman filter; Control theory (sociology); Bandwidth (computing); Kalman filter; Tracking (education); Loop (graph theory); Transient (computer programming); Transient response; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Phase noise; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.26440450917544317,"score_gpt":0.4177497344867262,"score_spread":0.15334522531128303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1990380746","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0023383296,0.000070519854,0.92344284,0.000021235295,0.00016002906,0.00021197101,0.00034322034,0.00007770136,0.07333417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87247604,9.531026e-7,0.12675092,0.000015678614,0.00040778908,0.00013592369,0.000049039,0.000010133139,0.0001535317],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931693,0.00004279544,0.00015806124,0.00016046959,0.000041269603,0.00028046133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995889,0.0000672753,0.000060538154,0.00015386914,0.00007839755,0.00005103937],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022515272,0.0000954016,0.00016384912,0.00004298844,0.0003294335,0.000008958622,0.00009246281,0.000025876061,0.0005023379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014510753,0.00009609345,0.000101474616,0.00007335919,0.000086518274,0.00013617458,0.000024108951,0.000109251145,0.00000653757],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049385075,0.00020132928,0.0016050334,0.000010419264,0.00009873036,9.2859364e-7,0.0012980809,0.000034327397,0.0047212797,0.8787905,0.0013221004,0.1118679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002857444,0.00027200094,0.00015816512,0.00005568299,0.00020943915,0.0000056797585,0.0011005849,0.0011937136,0.13141418,0.7521146,0.11001924,0.00059926236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001243476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015784668,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8701377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021675869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041413325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55002475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994510744","doi":"10.1007/pl00012907","title":"Relativistic Time Transformations in GPS","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Atomic clock; Satellite; Geodesy; GPS disciplined oscillator; Time to first fix; Theory of relativity; Allan variance; Relativistic quantum chemistry; Physics; Ephemeris; Frequency standard; Assisted GPS; Computer science; GPS signals; Mathematics; Geography; Statistics; Telecommunications; Optics; Classical mechanics; Standard deviation; Quantum mechanics; Astronomy","score_opus":0.021740764454220893,"score_gpt":0.19345634151021915,"score_spread":0.17171557705599827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994510744","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.044751056,0.0006441249,0.09367736,0.00061379874,0.00026334752,0.00016820144,0.000057719237,0.0007293489,0.85909504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974689,0.00003297559,0.0003207351,0.000013435413,0.000017777993,0.000022988315,0.000013441705,0.000008403047,0.0021013818],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995656,0.00001194551,0.00013549108,0.000058486447,0.00004946437,0.00017904035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982274,0.000027411697,0.0000063053203,0.00009745406,0.000012097805,0.0000339931],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003562545,0.00006192136,0.00006277903,0.00008899268,0.00009140436,0.000017247561,0.00005641723,0.00003965313,0.0005240059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014810795,0.00006937233,0.000027452223,0.0001790166,0.000023181194,0.00014828371,0.0000043222853,0.00014200498,0.0020974972],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000044311146,0.00054085406,0.0006993162,0.0001281333,0.00011579822,0.000013371574,0.01591318,0.5818817,0.007649634,0.14383477,0.23688042,0.0123384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019258392,0.000020508543,0.0046408135,0.00007002126,0.0000110831525,0.000014635108,0.00003102325,0.9890537,0.000102564976,0.002217096,0.003488211,0.00015770805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008125419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000144387595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9527178,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006115031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000030814317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99867946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994691007","doi":"10.1007/s10291-006-0050-8","title":"GPS/MEMS INS integrated system for navigation in urban areas","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":276,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"AUTO21 Network of Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Constraint (computer-aided design); Computer science; Position (finance); Simulation; Microelectromechanical systems; Bounded function; Control theory (sociology); Real-time computing; Engineering; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Telecommunications; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.020262682664796885,"score_gpt":0.23580220575424346,"score_spread":0.21553952308944657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994691007","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5533041,0.0002605005,0.42623445,0.000048741298,0.0009319051,0.0003148462,0.00008116158,0.0006873003,0.018137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99894714,0.000002368039,0.0006083273,0.000007178373,0.000076749166,0.000055064396,0.00014731495,0.00001568678,0.00014015815],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993462,0.000008256466,0.00021506794,0.0001065465,0.000058543115,0.00026540173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969685,0.00004360174,0.000019946916,0.00011908504,0.0000703131,0.000050196497],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018448908,0.000089250614,0.00009431442,0.0001176264,0.00009802132,0.000026218013,0.00007597363,0.000081214755,0.0000050449544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027315447,0.00009536078,0.000039392056,0.00023905223,0.000021374975,0.000100733356,0.000008381779,0.00013860487,0.000043409826],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019829189,0.0008392963,0.025948467,0.0018620087,0.0004151727,0.00004844294,0.018061252,0.22279957,0.19794391,0.4141368,0.09433138,0.023415387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027619516,0.00036228204,0.07612744,0.004161246,0.00010968096,0.00014298105,0.006529394,0.83090174,0.05054853,0.0019502956,0.024940474,0.0014639735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001612041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022280158,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60810214,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003119683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017491986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996835738","doi":"10.1007/s10291-009-0158-8","title":"Accuracy and reliability of tightly coupled GPS/ultra-wideband positioning for surveying in urban environments","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Calgary","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Reliability (semiconductor); Computer science; Position (finance); Filter (signal processing); GPS/INS; Ultra-wideband; Assisted GPS; GPS signals; Wideband; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications; Physics; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.014920560318271736,"score_gpt":0.23304031309061127,"score_spread":0.21811975277233953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996835738","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9442908,0.00012215252,0.05402079,0.00005181754,0.0001940508,0.00019633069,0.000057542908,0.000052363823,0.0010141279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981407,0.000031109426,0.0016514837,0.000008010725,0.000026417043,0.000046656674,0.00004075666,0.000012336087,0.000042527132],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999339,0.000019721972,0.00022924376,0.00014594017,0.00006338371,0.00020272707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994752,0.00024864377,0.00003545034,0.0001700531,0.000022182527,0.000048469476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002513129,0.000091807844,0.00012822193,0.000061612394,0.00012547371,0.000022588565,0.00007220387,0.000075055475,0.00001958198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017847943,0.000100146346,0.000034318302,0.000072209274,0.00007807098,0.00017309465,0.000014247516,0.00018479889,0.000003836118],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024317731,0.00016113745,0.06373777,0.00012608702,0.00002983601,6.244986e-7,0.0013691164,0.023459258,0.90693736,0.0027221919,0.00087060744,0.00056171895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002211492,0.00020773766,0.6335658,0.0003616935,0.00007771711,0.000022468506,0.00018082844,0.28207862,0.07459502,0.0038672092,0.0020830908,0.00074837374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014654906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011998352,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8323423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003792836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012045499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40838495},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996863551","doi":"10.1007/s10291-007-0073-9","title":"An intelligent and autonomous MEMS IMU/GPS integration scheme for low cost land navigation applications","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Council; University of Calgary","keywords":"Inertial measurement unit; Global Positioning System; Computer science; Scheme (mathematics); Inertial navigation system; Real-time computing; Kalman filter; Artificial neural network; Construct (python library); Artificial intelligence; GPS signals; Control engineering; Assisted GPS; Inertial frame of reference; Engineering","score_opus":0.018484792734640702,"score_gpt":0.2723123006395076,"score_spread":0.2538275079048669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996863551","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13225795,0.00019424211,0.8653998,0.00007555441,0.0001946474,0.0008279053,0.00006910751,0.00030271563,0.0006780749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99446225,0.00004329811,0.0040219747,0.000022993503,0.00029119922,0.00022850285,0.0008494628,0.000024558249,0.000055732264],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99924034,0.000008380295,0.0002510843,0.0001640471,0.00008374051,0.00025240015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995331,0.00005428232,0.000035435405,0.0001658064,0.00010784516,0.00010352881],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023593937,0.000119382035,0.00009812133,0.000086099055,0.0002751937,0.00004946083,0.00006449773,0.000109741995,0.0000099613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016000507,0.00012691887,0.00003837584,0.00018577708,0.000042406326,0.00021094526,0.000008363162,0.00012049343,0.000021508442],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060366736,0.000278452,0.0015757963,0.00016943738,0.00008332481,0.0000016131194,0.0018381735,0.03450824,0.31069702,0.04893691,0.0014336202,0.6004171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008885844,0.00014271714,0.0081176795,0.00008453994,0.00008984908,0.000028401042,0.0005203045,0.7810164,0.15449266,0.004184718,0.049758248,0.0006759222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007819483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024993502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8622043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015073405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014318776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5175601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000994437","doi":"10.1007/s10291-005-0147-5","title":"Online GPS processing services: an initial study","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Computer science; Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver; Geodetic datum; Time to first fix; Precise Point Positioning; Differential GPS; Gps receiver; Real-time computing; GPS disciplined oscillator; Assisted GPS; Data processing; Database; GNSS applications; Telecommunications; Geography; Geodesy","score_opus":0.03962942191912459,"score_gpt":0.2953609843629563,"score_spread":0.2557315624438317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000994437","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848217,0.00023402466,0.005656683,0.00007987537,0.00016443728,0.00011862479,0.000037859736,0.00069523754,0.0081915865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99812037,0.000004385312,0.001262144,0.000068619964,0.00035298485,0.000020618509,0.000064104,0.000018882087,0.00008789078],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937207,0.000018851966,0.00015830516,0.00012984608,0.0000940663,0.00022686504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969065,0.000006617248,0.000015422938,0.00016455929,0.00005232276,0.00007040463],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054412256,0.00010076909,0.00008805884,0.00006175727,0.00022037554,0.00006644804,0.00013568379,0.000042129977,0.00005663652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003228148,0.000106487685,0.000022044585,0.00013029994,0.00001956787,0.00036231053,0.000024317056,0.0001583293,0.00010718291],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004205374,0.011149838,0.0075050755,0.00048099752,0.00030546612,0.000028751101,0.063621044,0.70721865,0.012055823,0.0019424048,0.004855739,0.19079416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00081074925,0.0003408999,0.039801307,0.00019808426,0.000086709326,0.000037028465,0.005646344,0.9470297,0.0005151512,0.00021129556,0.004791351,0.0005313856],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000063079046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009330456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23981103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000539537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000188221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4342442},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002291277","doi":"10.1007/s10291-013-0319-7","title":"GLONASS ambiguity resolution of mixed receiver types without external calibration","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Université Laval","keywords":"GLONASS; Ambiguity resolution; Firmware; Computer science; Calibration; Ambiguity; Algorithm; GNSS applications; Real-time computing; Remote sensing; Mathematics; Global Positioning System; Telecommunications; Geography; Statistics; Computer hardware","score_opus":0.020156756552208843,"score_gpt":0.21872485520750806,"score_spread":0.19856809865529923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002291277","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7797101,0.00035352912,0.20102951,0.00014320023,0.0006128551,0.00017666904,0.00003111662,0.0003215319,0.017621463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968993,0.000022170436,0.002490118,0.000010351471,0.000058440815,0.000028568536,0.000019254087,0.000010645263,0.00046111504],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994277,0.000030349858,0.00017447052,0.000094994655,0.00010075467,0.00017176436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996691,0.000015339912,0.000031379535,0.00015257501,0.00008506008,0.00004657616],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000061259016,0.00007899314,0.00009270112,0.00005359431,0.000092213675,0.000027351825,0.00008405367,0.00006460817,0.00016762807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024503648,0.00008117393,0.000039810893,0.00010325706,0.000052934363,0.00025777638,0.000019617297,0.00010200275,0.00013871213],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052822495,0.00036710556,0.015457526,0.0002443161,0.00023591424,0.0000017461897,0.0018529599,0.19355424,0.5995401,0.04039983,0.13539083,0.012902568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038051984,0.0000973809,0.2824043,0.00022911196,0.000046010417,0.000014888861,0.00008483644,0.68626696,0.023923067,0.005457038,0.0007723206,0.0003235801],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00055582065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000718463,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5756171,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005806036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014799938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33101767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004220491","doi":"10.1007/s10291-005-0146-6","title":"Improvement of MEMS-IMU/GPS performance using fuzzy modeling","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Inertial measurement unit; Kalman filter; Fuzzy logic; GPS/INS; Computer science; Accelerometer; GPS signals; Simulation; Real-time computing; Assisted GPS; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.02957210626299205,"score_gpt":0.23553739251369143,"score_spread":0.20596528625069938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004220491","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9523631,0.00023434285,0.044127222,0.000032471562,0.00018080258,0.000089260524,0.000008782865,0.000108699685,0.0028553624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99751115,0.0000578859,0.0021679814,0.000011669444,0.00018620832,0.0000049660325,0.0000097090915,0.000014379487,0.00003603914],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994056,0.0000033966653,0.00020717137,0.00007308317,0.00010182418,0.0002089168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997688,0.0000053553745,0.000020405278,0.00012511789,0.000047629535,0.00003269579],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007323569,0.000077201454,0.00008551234,0.000055596458,0.00011897956,0.0000071407158,0.000055464112,0.00004648609,0.000021778695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004639872,0.000083059655,0.00004234678,0.000121958044,0.000014255293,0.00015861647,0.00001681712,0.000088452296,0.00001990464],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016308417,0.000010806277,0.000022738213,0.000018333634,0.000008993134,6.159914e-8,0.00012564778,0.81711215,0.17752832,0.0001688534,0.00003859112,0.0049638576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013509068,0.000014454564,0.000073780306,0.000024119849,0.000017579432,0.0000016775921,0.00003387917,0.9653273,0.033955395,0.00005297414,0.0002718704,0.00009187551],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000091391645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000271239,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14821514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000115568335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012006616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33870745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004338777","doi":"10.1007/s10291-002-0011-9","title":"Temporal impact of selected GPS errors on point positioning","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Geodesy; Satellite; Orbit (dynamics); Computer science; Position (finance); Remote sensing; Differential GPS; Stability (learning theory); Precise Point Positioning; Algorithm; Geology; GNSS applications; Telecommunications; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.02599664502461695,"score_gpt":0.23946129399156507,"score_spread":0.2134646489669481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004338777","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94355816,0.00018900364,0.008886089,0.000120235345,0.00019708535,0.00010309331,0.00007237659,0.00047919678,0.046394773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99921995,0.000009863502,0.0004613647,0.000011107526,0.000039042174,0.00001037231,0.00003564838,0.000017609374,0.000195024],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934125,0.000021734495,0.00018170942,0.000105173,0.000095220305,0.00025489062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996415,0.000025075286,0.000029578705,0.00016374968,0.00007406216,0.00006604043],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004085318,0.00011445486,0.00011944008,0.00012309814,0.00013540442,0.000019238745,0.00008172382,0.000059659367,0.00039638623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028256074,0.00011355207,0.00009605065,0.00030122552,0.000036864727,0.0001062966,0.000011441813,0.00017621677,0.00017939854],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033492513,0.0007381189,0.009716422,0.00008577789,0.0005526811,0.000012063975,0.0040255412,0.6834119,0.105898105,0.010251493,0.18341278,0.0018616156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088888843,0.0011723455,0.1595501,0.0005165639,0.00008220189,0.00010997198,0.00017033287,0.8242383,0.011325799,0.0009829926,0.00023055273,0.0007319409],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015530885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017227918,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18318222,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001453846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011751726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46305192},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005676902","doi":"10.1007/s10291-003-0080-4","title":"Effects of building materials on UHF ranging signals","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; Okanagan College; University of Calgary","funders":"Ministère de la Défense Nationale; Defence Research and Development Canada","keywords":"Pseudorange; Ranging; Transmitter; Ultra high frequency; Global Positioning System; Pseudorandom noise; Phase noise; Acoustics; Electronic engineering; Remote sensing; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications; Physics; GNSS applications; Spread spectrum; Code division multiple access; Geology","score_opus":0.008455763069976892,"score_gpt":0.21086659428655574,"score_spread":0.20241083121657885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005676902","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.626716,0.00043128774,0.36969638,0.0000716788,0.00054123177,0.0002291937,0.000018048504,0.0010641076,0.0012320633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985138,0.000042334406,0.0013289055,0.000021509375,0.00003750952,0.000022902896,0.0000038245703,0.000017381348,0.0000118293065],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994553,0.000009650339,0.00015690592,0.00008012572,0.00008367631,0.00021439264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976474,0.000049019483,0.00002253368,0.00012258207,0.000021364334,0.00001976666],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000071307615,0.00009038815,0.0001329043,0.00014709591,0.000089779285,0.00001287272,0.000094529336,0.00007890064,0.000022222946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007342748,0.00009054177,0.000040695766,0.00019548734,0.00003717683,0.00005528155,0.000021771311,0.000060017413,0.000029213385],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023886382,0.000019989526,0.000008106055,0.00011196211,0.000022488148,0.0000033157853,0.00015655863,0.23451303,0.72077066,0.043794006,0.00013805385,0.00045944023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032625848,0.000021082784,0.00019955957,0.00012280152,0.000014654976,0.0000018175512,0.000038060844,0.0005213672,0.99454993,0.0039584865,0.0001457849,0.0001002078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014015451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000218527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37179777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006766809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000097466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36921862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009024696","doi":"10.1007/pl00012888","title":"Time-Relative Positioning with a Single Civil GPS Receiver","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Ephemeris; Geodesy; Precise Point Positioning; Time to first fix; Satellite; Gps receiver; GPS disciplined oscillator; Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver; Remote sensing; Position (finance); Computer science; Assisted GPS; Time transfer; Geography; GNSS applications; Telecommunications; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.016253701460628923,"score_gpt":0.19744703841975209,"score_spread":0.18119333695912315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009024696","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18835318,0.00042451106,0.15972908,0.0004536236,0.0002581196,0.00018683154,0.00003697512,0.0011561123,0.64940155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99513036,0.000015856614,0.0015735297,0.000039449034,0.000065999724,0.000023522503,0.00003640985,0.000023203553,0.0030916817],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933195,0.000021483826,0.000119828044,0.00014013099,0.0001002368,0.0002863403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965346,0.000037139747,0.000020828089,0.00015205776,0.00006777158,0.00006875633],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004530322,0.000120460245,0.00009989629,0.00007809788,0.0002749078,0.00004616691,0.00007757355,0.00005921129,0.00037732846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012808357,0.00011868086,0.000038984537,0.00024635665,0.00008288428,0.00028423776,0.000016419992,0.00017902607,0.0007139505],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014487572,0.0009807847,0.0025448562,0.00008354541,0.0010897669,0.000122397,0.012615141,0.67039156,0.12253158,0.0390794,0.14399754,0.006418579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0045211073,0.0025671136,0.039337676,0.0035604432,0.0007371243,0.0020723012,0.001657139,0.8357406,0.013269157,0.012087528,0.08026187,0.0041879383],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002779384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006714731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8067772,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013078058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001537646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91766274},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009964459","doi":"10.1007/s10291-014-0377-5","title":"Monitoring of UTC(k)’s using PPP and IGS real-time products","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Time transfer; Precise Point Positioning; Latency (audio); Real-time computing; GNSS applications; Computer science; Transfer (computing); Geodesy; Satellite; Atomic clock; Global Positioning System; Environmental science; Physics; Geology; Telecommunications; Parallel computing; Optics","score_opus":0.02342109558362075,"score_gpt":0.2741832092148788,"score_spread":0.25076211363125805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009964459","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.827417,0.00026515723,0.071070425,0.00020215446,0.0005101637,0.00029242775,0.00020249147,0.00007770401,0.09996249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99070805,0.0000054009024,0.008087739,0.000001004179,0.000793926,0.0000043413575,0.000005936288,0.00000897468,0.00038462604],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994615,0.00002221803,0.0001250458,0.00013894674,0.00007405084,0.00017826328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996349,0.000025904226,0.00006195735,0.000160932,0.00007650777,0.000039796047],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010275358,0.000075816766,0.00011766088,0.000028712917,0.0001963968,0.000009251581,0.000044950888,0.000018875566,0.00009312428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014764269,0.00007611174,0.000028040777,0.00010156542,0.00007929645,0.000118841104,0.000031415748,0.000063343614,0.000008906194],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036069105,0.00034441688,0.10967102,0.00013319438,0.0002527861,0.0000013612492,0.001607124,0.0037652848,0.29917952,0.48012525,0.0012857155,0.103598274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005123903,0.00062150037,0.07432699,0.0013311566,0.0007888718,0.000023343666,0.0017928991,0.02228535,0.24642955,0.5764037,0.06798521,0.0028875677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001281849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.0515226e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16329107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015853584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040471088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31037468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017593301","doi":"10.1007/pl00012894","title":"Deriving Acceleration from DGPS: Toward Higher Resolution Applications of Airborne Gravimetry","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Gravimetry; Geoid; Global Positioning System; Differential GPS; Acceleration; Geodesy; Computer science; Remote sensing; Range (aeronautics); Environmental science; Aerospace engineering; Geology; Engineering; Telecommunications; Geophysics; Physics","score_opus":0.05116217111645478,"score_gpt":0.23029812058506607,"score_spread":0.17913594946861128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017593301","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12956394,0.023202198,0.61156976,0.01701063,0.0022521752,0.001977099,0.0018875874,0.0024532438,0.2100834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895783,0.00019860353,0.008725533,0.00041293993,0.00014746907,0.000008359709,0.0002505121,0.0000039540846,0.00067435147],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907756,0.000055273336,0.00023859357,0.0002177608,0.00018729932,0.00022349357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943554,0.000078148405,0.0001020896,0.00025119988,0.000063500374,0.000069515714],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012570608,0.000098340955,0.00012155867,0.00013382723,0.00029125914,0.000032477572,0.00018011275,0.00008066636,0.0046749045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002170676,0.000096799195,0.000067310895,0.00037029962,0.00011233151,0.00026779165,0.000016399395,0.00012622659,0.00036974822],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002320072,0.000312348,0.06315611,0.000053992135,0.00011399401,0.0000034379307,0.0013565273,0.0018293323,0.0028753732,0.0052109184,0.3443558,0.580709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00054086756,0.00014206218,0.3471534,0.00008856421,0.000118502736,0.000008742245,0.0004720091,0.24694046,0.004546254,0.015835933,0.38354582,0.00060736225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006208083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000095747724,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8600143,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000135905375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015229001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99623495},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023181069","doi":"10.1007/s10291-011-0204-1","title":"A multi-technique approach for characterizing the SVN49 signal anomaly, part 2: chip shape analysis","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"NovAtel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Multipath propagation; Multipath mitigation; Computer science; Chip; Global Positioning System; Zenith; Rake receiver; Electronic engineering; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Geology; Engineering","score_opus":0.08131779684832931,"score_gpt":0.2374258371337668,"score_spread":0.1561080402854375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023181069","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02959331,0.00011040862,0.96278816,0.00003214619,0.00008691137,0.00036191833,0.000092785995,0.0003728745,0.006561456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9699416,0.000009738455,0.028982254,0.0000364419,0.00007339174,0.0007246085,0.000085030224,0.00001844183,0.0001284566],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925923,0.000027461467,0.00018636808,0.0001675006,0.000060895196,0.00029857008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960035,0.000028824295,0.000033522014,0.00024041765,0.00004509892,0.000051767438],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018463499,0.00012568742,0.00014525083,0.000111670735,0.00030290635,0.000038058126,0.00020418911,0.00007347763,0.000121093646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012580491,0.000103772116,0.00017952225,0.00030677643,0.000053971165,0.00010296396,0.000030892395,0.00015873423,0.000017256598],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016084622,0.0027900431,0.017185882,0.00062459597,0.01000789,0.000009312395,0.024291625,0.0475663,0.8264798,0.042047456,0.017326845,0.011509402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015121249,0.00004867384,0.022422392,0.000025744774,0.00039763132,0.000009895478,0.00011938372,0.9652039,0.010187,0.000093247545,0.0010811136,0.0002598376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045563967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017043869,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9403483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003526429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011643293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4231704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023857726","doi":"10.1007/s10291-002-0024-4","title":"Multisensor integration using neuron computing for land-vehicle navigation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Kalman filter; Artificial neural network; Inertial navigation system; Observability; Computer science; Noise (video); Process (computing); Control engineering; Artificial intelligence; Compass; Engineering; Inertial frame of reference; Mathematics","score_opus":0.037044139359798146,"score_gpt":0.26472351054249726,"score_spread":0.22767937118269913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023857726","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65774316,0.000049905157,0.34099618,0.000014393432,0.00039264822,0.00019715683,0.000013452516,0.00018527973,0.000407812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99098176,0.0000035242952,0.008737588,0.000015751282,0.00012830914,0.000007972738,0.0000773749,0.000023048226,0.000024702618],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993925,0.000030114046,0.00017607748,0.00010967641,0.000071513794,0.00022009126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972385,0.000049515143,0.000027723112,0.000089570174,0.000070980685,0.00003835172],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000103636274,0.00009268446,0.00008243888,0.000047003577,0.0002696115,0.000029261424,0.000032383552,0.000064886946,0.0000069385733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055532404,0.00010089653,0.000051889703,0.00015380411,0.000015759808,0.00012862204,0.000004311199,0.000093030634,0.000013657769],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000066186035,0.000022710688,0.0010441082,0.00003693999,0.000013898969,8.424782e-7,0.0003442248,0.62971145,0.35938665,0.0050901496,0.00019708868,0.004145311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003219467,0.000016415752,0.002412688,0.000029226405,0.000019315808,0.000007907371,0.00004431636,0.9726432,0.02333212,0.00030052813,0.00074718625,0.00012516929],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000064028616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002422106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34293172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012653775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011594399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4114441},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029196405","doi":"10.1007/s10291-010-0170-z","title":"GPS tomography in the polar cap: comparison with ionosondes and in situ spacecraft data","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"Ionosonde; Ionosphere; Geology; TEC; Earth's magnetic field; Latitude; Geodesy; Total electron content; Global Positioning System; Geomagnetic storm; Tomography; Polar; Remote sensing; Geophysics; Physics; Plasma; Electron density; Astronomy; Magnetic field","score_opus":0.015932797767939856,"score_gpt":0.2482245986251323,"score_spread":0.23229180085719245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029196405","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97884727,0.00021980202,0.006411694,0.0012309621,0.00011608645,0.00029403923,0.0001345846,0.000021148404,0.012724402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99693966,0.00000394239,0.0025835345,0.000049909966,0.00009349176,0.000019969133,0.00022171995,0.0000092847595,0.0000785041],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921685,0.000041556086,0.00014874001,0.00022677227,0.000091789065,0.00027426647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993298,0.000059745016,0.000046850233,0.00050230976,0.000019050978,0.000042225634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017683305,0.00011937454,0.00013636574,0.000039215764,0.0001587418,0.00006441748,0.00029607222,0.000043117336,0.000087518565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000038615285,0.000088521054,0.000022739852,0.00031154012,0.00011892382,0.0001982555,0.000111281144,0.000407142,0.000009799456],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000222939,0.00049448694,0.9031502,0.000008281403,0.000034786888,0.0000037998634,0.0013395994,0.00015051488,0.001500337,0.081903316,0.005364229,0.006028141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020294457,0.00015119386,0.88985366,0.000054216154,0.00009663515,0.000011705802,0.010871044,0.01765981,0.00009553382,0.013845653,0.06464713,0.00068398716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003241816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05737929,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.068057664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000054168977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055608052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9598211},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033073272","doi":"10.1007/s10291-011-0238-4","title":"Improved amplitude- and phase-scintillation indices derived from wavelet detrended high-latitude GPS data","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation","keywords":"Scintillation; Wavelet; Amplitude; Global Positioning System; Filter (signal processing); Mathematics; Phase (matter); Geodesy; Physics; Geology; Computer science; Optics; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications; Detector","score_opus":0.07304793599017564,"score_gpt":0.26180719789366713,"score_spread":0.1887592619034915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033073272","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68665826,0.00044714796,0.30982322,0.000039386974,0.00040402164,0.00013833112,0.0007244254,0.0003800429,0.0013851682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9676198,0.00006280876,0.031638533,0.000019264417,0.00007559142,0.000014150873,0.00053663814,0.000018329945,0.000014905851],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917126,0.000018211877,0.00021051092,0.0002714849,0.000082869265,0.00024565795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933106,0.000040757215,0.000045495362,0.00046320845,0.00003360104,0.00008588007],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000072312825,0.00014310086,0.00013977678,0.00008220701,0.00019196134,0.000064629196,0.00023483777,0.00008605333,0.00016062793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032071897,0.00014972969,0.000020567653,0.00010411534,0.00006913168,0.00038001695,0.0001257369,0.00015048774,0.00003698484],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024499572,0.0016637475,0.008063578,0.00029269137,0.0025193985,0.000026084435,0.032266468,0.008947217,0.79421073,0.022224722,0.016360492,0.113179855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024468768,0.00022311002,0.17155683,0.00017412505,0.00026693684,0.000016208509,0.0003932258,0.80029714,0.01747305,0.005220964,0.0010509659,0.0008805725],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001025944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00060208305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7913499,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003484091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016391346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61057997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042486336","doi":"10.1007/s10291-014-0417-1","title":"Cycling dead reckoning for enhanced portable device navigation on multi-gear bicycles","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Dead reckoning; Inertial navigation system; Computer science; Orientation (vector space); Inertial measurement unit; Real-time computing; Microelectromechanical systems; Simulation; Embedded system; Engineering; Global Positioning System; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.033231944730505766,"score_gpt":0.2676863422115147,"score_spread":0.23445439748100894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042486336","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15006849,0.00010270753,0.84617484,0.00006505162,0.00034203153,0.00021234533,0.000015731133,0.0011710192,0.0018478071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9786498,0.000022353506,0.020876177,0.000049388527,0.00008390133,0.00010035479,0.00007553364,0.000032345557,0.00011013337],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992131,0.0000133063995,0.00021096155,0.00016155434,0.00008317376,0.0003179253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999554,0.00010468025,0.000038734644,0.00020055499,0.0000672198,0.000034819757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001683983,0.00012232465,0.00012606592,0.00010761308,0.0003346775,0.000033371387,0.000111992515,0.0001284743,0.00000954385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021532812,0.0001308043,0.00005768408,0.00020394543,0.000030948773,0.000116274314,0.000017507018,0.00012540963,0.00006430596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001163075,0.00007443815,0.00042652295,0.00018548238,0.00006430799,7.188716e-7,0.00068595243,0.78417,0.1329249,0.04558996,0.0015075363,0.0343586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006671324,0.000058961698,0.00083198893,0.00018522784,0.00003265364,0.0000020459822,0.00038910302,0.6642891,0.3200175,0.0022771629,0.010881096,0.00036803115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018896177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055190936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82858133,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000074756004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011027386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5334044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046358104","doi":"10.1007/s10291-014-0380-x","title":"An impact analysis of arc length on orbit prediction and clock estimation for PPP ambiguity resolution","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Liaoning Technical University; China Scholarship Council; Tongji University; University of Calgary; Liaoning University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology","keywords":"Ambiguity resolution; Arc (geometry); Orbit (dynamics); Ambiguity; Geodesy; Estimation; Aerospace engineering; Computer science; Remote sensing; Mathematics; Engineering; Geology; Telecommunications; Global Positioning System; Systems engineering; Geometry; GNSS applications","score_opus":0.02646178421982419,"score_gpt":0.28244322217316464,"score_spread":0.25598143795334044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046358104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5330572,0.000044322365,0.46534488,0.00002883527,0.000091020076,0.0001050041,0.00019903903,0.00015436584,0.00097535003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977359,0.000013507529,0.0018827345,0.00000609662,0.00003709525,0.000028724588,0.00027224282,0.000009678602,0.0000139847125],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993925,0.00003389961,0.00018557181,0.00013871817,0.00008791198,0.0001613598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995636,0.000057699064,0.000041089865,0.00020350672,0.000073261814,0.000060887553],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016588732,0.00009091012,0.00014593471,0.00022830346,0.0001555468,0.000024868203,0.000052152598,0.00006958962,0.000009217707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006054664,0.0000914834,0.000081502716,0.0002589011,0.000036791123,0.00015756824,0.000006742485,0.000078137775,0.0000031023906],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019026442,0.00006072766,0.00080414175,0.000022694952,0.00018573222,1.9521952e-8,0.0002448065,0.98382014,0.0035794708,0.006699714,0.0008602042,0.0037033164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014576357,0.00028775,0.10522502,0.000026161975,0.0002496903,0.0000011699165,0.000018032535,0.8927384,0.00053830206,0.00064358115,0.000055597746,0.00007052222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011977748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000673653,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46467873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008845089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008967453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3730585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048485155","doi":"10.1007/s10291-011-0221-0","title":"SATLSim: a Semi-Analytic framework for fast GNSS tracking loop simulations","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Binary offset carrier modulation; Computer science; Tracking (education); MATLAB; Modular design; Offset (computer science); Code (set theory); Monte Carlo method; Satellite system; Global Positioning System; Estimator; Satellite navigation; Electronic engineering; Simulation; Algorithm; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.08327647716622141,"score_gpt":0.27389735414100286,"score_spread":0.19062087697478144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048485155","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.032214057,0.00018832719,0.9577314,0.00006432416,0.00039823435,0.00017486066,0.000112029,0.000450523,0.008666229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98809284,0.000005817451,0.011388673,0.000037893416,0.000106662344,0.000046262907,0.00003239894,0.000028768425,0.00026065807],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922895,0.000011468481,0.00020314463,0.00015197483,0.000073656505,0.00033078427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945426,0.00011867299,0.000026455322,0.00024032993,0.00008300431,0.00007725232],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059510206,0.00012416078,0.00012761212,0.000095460215,0.00027871254,0.000042257107,0.0001308632,0.000106566,0.00019034205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009656123,0.00013751072,0.000099266595,0.00020266013,0.0000421157,0.00015178914,0.000017643451,0.00019145894,0.00009959132],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019850979,0.00041928753,0.004102337,0.00021670331,0.0006216833,0.0000044761355,0.011236631,0.5926988,0.0060045337,0.36571512,0.01273011,0.0062304772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003498291,0.00010041162,0.007836718,0.00030193583,0.00023805961,0.000014472497,0.000567084,0.9390106,0.0025044435,0.046573777,0.0019437846,0.0005588924],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000328422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000051381292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9558788,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006974076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019353884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56075245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049006144","doi":"10.1007/s10291-012-0303-7","title":"GPS-based precise orbit determination of Low Earth Orbiters with limited resources","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Orbit determination; Payload (computing); Computer science; Satellite; Time to first fix; Orbit (dynamics); Kalman filter; GPS/INS; Real-time computing; Remote sensing; Gps receiver; Assisted GPS; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01655918686520452,"score_gpt":0.21008139618829963,"score_spread":0.1935222093230951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2049006144","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9209579,0.00022829125,0.07027602,0.00004509917,0.00017177056,0.00012264268,0.000030602067,0.00025697766,0.0079106605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959939,0.0000049258906,0.0037387528,0.000014617838,0.000044334407,0.000025750038,0.000024480407,0.000016944752,0.0001362686],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993876,0.000023167573,0.00014195014,0.00008109946,0.00011672815,0.00024942943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960166,0.000049812166,0.00003499331,0.00017563505,0.00006488686,0.00007298267],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000760188,0.000096868294,0.00009723952,0.00011971777,0.00008728609,0.00001852311,0.00007892273,0.000052600222,0.000047554822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022294966,0.00008992596,0.000036111345,0.00019558618,0.00006173313,0.00018099538,0.000010245633,0.00010005677,0.000038117196],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005338779,0.0030165878,0.07423913,0.0022559832,0.0005567978,0.000016641749,0.031683743,0.4995007,0.2989867,0.0072186748,0.017412229,0.064578965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019050223,0.00071685313,0.1423651,0.0018287058,0.00022968151,0.000054545475,0.0005006477,0.68952864,0.15530455,0.00017337021,0.0062770653,0.0011157994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019188472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023809174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19002797,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003123442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012942823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36670744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051529265","doi":"10.1007/pl00012902","title":"Pseudo-Satellite Applications in Deformation Monitoring","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Satellite; Deformation monitoring; Deformation (meteorology); Remote sensing; Geodesy; Aerospace engineering; Geology; Environmental science; Engineering; Oceanography","score_opus":0.029851619503777103,"score_gpt":0.2207903677855652,"score_spread":0.1909387482817881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051529265","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5365315,0.0052200127,0.14662263,0.0004116001,0.0009917591,0.0006288002,0.000038597187,0.0019181574,0.30763695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983649,0.00035691497,0.00092911435,0.00000483979,0.00005726734,0.000103167265,0.000010992808,0.000008659746,0.00016412564],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995513,0.000007495362,0.00013905964,0.00006856809,0.000054228916,0.0001793766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997847,0.000015652815,0.000010739818,0.00012660954,0.000018522192,0.00004377619],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003574634,0.000063844986,0.000052886346,0.00009322755,0.000104959836,0.000025595238,0.00006980578,0.000040821047,0.000041851894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007116666,0.00007104084,0.00002293363,0.00021155589,0.000014910029,0.0001804925,0.000009786431,0.00011352412,0.0003583202],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005228189,0.0008701163,0.06130435,0.000449544,0.00014683808,0.000005419834,0.021273915,0.55759305,0.056382447,0.11353006,0.012270023,0.17616901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056343386,0.000045324858,0.13306555,0.00028792024,0.000033935576,0.000033509878,0.0010114352,0.8238376,0.009214838,0.0042711664,0.026843647,0.00079165003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001574009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008910678,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46183342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010350185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000026249631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46056008},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052948613","doi":"10.1007/s10291-012-0267-7","title":"New jump trajectory determination method using low-cost MEMS sensor fusion and augmented observations for GPS/INS integration","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Kalman filter; Inertial navigation system; Computer science; Sensor fusion; Trajectory; Simulation; GPS/INS; Control theory (sociology); Jump; Step detection; Geodesy; Inertial frame of reference; Assisted GPS; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.0753270283098382,"score_gpt":0.30582857780093686,"score_spread":0.23050154949109866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052948613","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23036031,0.00014317474,0.7679491,0.00006931253,0.00062678725,0.00048903935,0.000054202592,0.00018227794,0.00012578457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87740064,0.000030016616,0.12140401,0.000036448488,0.00053660193,0.00006262202,0.00030348543,0.000040761282,0.00018544188],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909467,0.000041087016,0.00026971026,0.00014312408,0.000117766824,0.00033366727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994722,0.00011143485,0.000053974924,0.00013258719,0.000102605314,0.00012719804],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023251331,0.00015697094,0.00013898099,0.00014716265,0.0003596902,0.000038588947,0.00004644479,0.00013443625,0.000019811743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008633225,0.00016680897,0.00007031274,0.0002624292,0.000017892893,0.00053370517,0.000014500442,0.00012028207,0.0000061025166],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014863708,0.000057451954,0.0006320295,0.000060715694,0.000029733754,1.99761e-7,0.0016671735,0.017028073,0.92539346,0.0012293715,0.0011431606,0.052743796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068853126,0.000023853665,0.018463269,0.000078044905,0.00015091554,0.0000121522335,0.00030109266,0.92413336,0.053052083,0.00024198982,0.0025309264,0.00032376975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017142358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019143328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9071053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022983525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026456002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6802273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056318225","doi":"10.1007/s10291-003-0054-6","title":"Optimizing a network-based RTK method for OTF positioning","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Decorrelation; Ambiguity resolution; Computer science; Differential GPS; Global Positioning System; Algorithm; Collocation (remote sensing); Satellite; Integer (computer science); Precise Point Positioning; Remote sensing; Covariance; Data set; Geodesy; Mathematics; Statistics; GNSS applications; Telecommunications; Geography; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.02812473808836427,"score_gpt":0.2636771751017068,"score_spread":0.23555243701334252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056318225","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004855645,0.00042405774,0.9738215,0.000085155465,0.00039940566,0.00013839881,0.000018516308,0.00036800336,0.02425936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5847213,0.00000390251,0.41481867,0.00009551078,0.00007531662,0.000111966205,0.000028019938,0.000021724525,0.00012355161],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921757,0.0000420083,0.00015827006,0.00013757235,0.00006036332,0.00038423794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995763,0.00012765711,0.000020313977,0.00015204732,0.000058753536,0.000064971704],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022100729,0.00011121062,0.00011237373,0.00005521933,0.00039039608,0.000056117056,0.00007185105,0.00006656007,0.00004877803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046981946,0.00012843852,0.00008986965,0.00016012852,0.000018798895,0.00008648451,0.0000066255034,0.00012541162,0.000026762898],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021915912,0.000014894332,0.000015152691,0.00001593896,0.000024309747,3.3998532e-7,0.00008911328,0.9521144,0.0018375887,0.03838159,0.0071882918,0.0003161884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037317572,0.000053325817,0.000077209595,0.00012238206,0.00004934557,0.00001332934,0.000041522082,0.98213166,0.003596507,0.0029102147,0.0103908945,0.00024043942],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000101609485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010756573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5842358,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080016085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029821604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5237571},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059861708","doi":"10.1007/pl00012800","title":"Heading and Pitch Determination Using GPS/GLONASS","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GLONASS; Global Positioning System; Real Time Kinematic; Heading (navigation); Computer science; GNSS applications; GPS disciplined oscillator; GPS signals; Precise Point Positioning; Assisted GPS; Geodesy; Telecommunications; Geography","score_opus":0.028563122744341425,"score_gpt":0.2450656755972046,"score_spread":0.21650255285286318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2059861708","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94676363,0.00031583355,0.030483082,0.000056105564,0.00014931541,0.000052481777,0.000009055117,0.0002357327,0.021934777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975489,0.00004333843,0.00203104,0.000017628021,0.000049323327,0.0000058520673,0.000005697017,0.000010371364,0.00028789084],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99959165,0.000010034211,0.00009368073,0.000086610686,0.00004831052,0.0001697149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998408,0.000015386107,0.0000071153017,0.00007921474,0.000016063332,0.00004143183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000043886317,0.000065943954,0.000059121845,0.000046560846,0.00019212982,0.000041779116,0.000037817714,0.00004082723,0.000114166265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060215298,0.00007631028,0.000018491626,0.00008241185,0.000026650701,0.00015399666,0.000008106382,0.00007959247,0.000052033574],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021056729,0.00022638516,0.0045559085,0.000282499,0.00015473364,0.000022526063,0.0074184486,0.33696738,0.23338051,0.01597052,0.009635929,0.3913641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014534044,0.00002158938,0.0069788406,0.00010355656,0.000021063444,0.000073383744,0.000049017573,0.9878357,0.0016660425,0.0007089599,0.0022094548,0.00018701781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004503203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015611231,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65086836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058872272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006444175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3111843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061682282","doi":"10.1007/pl00012863","title":"New IGS Station and Satellite Clock Combination","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":150,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Satellite; Global Positioning System; Master clock; Clock drift; Clock synchronization; Real-time computing; Synchronization (alternating current); Telecommunications; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Clock signal; Jitter","score_opus":0.018252116779394725,"score_gpt":0.2190046025601564,"score_spread":0.20075248578076166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061682282","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38349447,0.0029092368,0.5177655,0.0008998366,0.00068016845,0.00019043304,0.000022409467,0.00085027906,0.09318766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974334,0.00041922735,0.0011489721,0.000019815909,0.00003448112,0.0000047970566,0.000039728184,0.0000070030624,0.00089253805],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996873,0.000007690649,0.000078684076,0.00006380073,0.000047382935,0.000115109615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984205,0.000014431315,0.000008859421,0.000063820444,0.000023605542,0.000047231755],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000300679,0.00005014906,0.000040753195,0.000044970704,0.000089230416,0.000033958237,0.000027256328,0.000030723462,0.000038735845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008073275,0.00005702085,0.000011675931,0.00009027088,0.000011783271,0.00012687877,0.0000071862473,0.000060073216,0.00007883798],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002372302,0.00016923515,0.01034096,0.00010049535,0.00012926245,0.0000073531155,0.0058686296,0.035199,0.024479939,0.4863462,0.11060176,0.32673347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017761231,0.00027748646,0.4561283,0.00024886665,0.00009034692,0.0001463781,0.000500769,0.32420388,0.0030593658,0.04601015,0.16668399,0.0008743674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008200887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004762867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.613939,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003379669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007964886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23252429},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062562770","doi":"10.1007/pl00012825","title":"Estimation of Clock Stability Using GPS","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Allan variance; Global Positioning System; GPS disciplined oscillator; Stability (learning theory); Crystal oscillator; Time transfer; Assisted GPS; Computer science; Atomic clock; Local oscillator; Time to first fix; Control theory (sociology); GPS signals; Real-time computing; Electronic engineering; Phase noise; Mathematics; Engineering; Standard deviation; Telecommunications; Statistics; Physics","score_opus":0.03182947153534011,"score_gpt":0.2923774752941666,"score_spread":0.2605480037588265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062562770","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5443977,0.00008413563,0.36400846,0.00005541688,0.000098657896,0.00016236087,0.0004125678,0.00003368168,0.090747036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934159,0.0000010411794,0.006226254,0.0000034989857,0.00012486348,0.0000052596265,0.000028960252,0.0000052293017,0.0001890252],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994596,0.00002305685,0.00016592808,0.00010933064,0.00008486774,0.00015719977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968725,0.0000202922,0.000044167653,0.00017300353,0.000041647047,0.0000336095],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007686513,0.00006559595,0.0000963881,0.000017762963,0.00019065331,0.0000061438413,0.000050102706,0.000020161084,0.0059022945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000049403575,0.00006742471,0.00006193036,0.00012664447,0.00008612819,0.00014806993,0.000009766127,0.000070475675,0.00003186538],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037013964,0.00045912905,0.0058588083,0.000028859502,0.000088986206,5.378998e-7,0.000837534,0.34820017,0.0023993035,0.2899905,0.0005721711,0.35152698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001890993,0.0001579963,0.005958927,0.00013216544,0.00022923434,0.0000032509904,0.0007869518,0.45892933,0.020436976,0.48553732,0.025086887,0.00084995537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017061808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036017059,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44901818,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033656735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007085672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99500644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063134377","doi":"10.1007/s10291-003-0062-6","title":"A velocity field estimation of the Brazilian portion of the SOAM plate","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Reference frame; Global Positioning System; Ephemeris; Geodesy; Geography; Troposphere; Geographic coordinate system; Frame (networking); Computer science; Environmental science; Meteorology; Satellite; Telecommunications; Engineering","score_opus":0.012886411362874703,"score_gpt":0.21621671271779877,"score_spread":0.20333030135492408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063134377","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89277214,0.00008636989,0.078535296,0.00033486262,0.0005195001,0.0001422451,0.000018993116,0.00006269381,0.027527895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99948406,0.000003411519,0.00036960593,0.000016757598,0.0000054523225,0.000005084348,0.0000010999346,0.0000033162235,0.000111234585],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966985,0.000021269634,0.00012650118,0.00003947189,0.00006665074,0.00007626175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997618,0.000021943448,0.000037316993,0.00014073681,0.000027914548,0.000010249228],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000063738,0.000038991995,0.000047160796,0.000014347525,0.00009664643,0.000004279312,0.00008033169,0.000036002242,0.000028989254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009279227,0.000026978983,0.000049331164,0.000121237426,0.00003615173,0.000041427407,0.000012079631,0.000085722946,0.000004291305],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006125562,0.000129699,0.0051558157,0.00014474991,0.000086965214,1.4389079e-7,0.002248408,0.847762,0.0335183,0.09129246,0.014486949,0.005168408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003198209,0.000062777835,0.27483317,0.00037897393,0.00007786475,0.000017823342,0.00015616645,0.4140826,0.29545185,0.013651549,0.0007657034,0.00020172396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004706787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005012488,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4336794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019820078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018991652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1100171},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064047843","doi":"10.1007/s10291-005-0149-3","title":"A combined algorithm of improving INS error modeling and sensor measurements for accurate INS/GPS navigation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GPS/INS; Inertial navigation system; Global Positioning System; Differential GPS; Computer science; Geodetic datum; Inertial measurement unit; Autoregressive model; Real-time computing; Algorithm; Assisted GPS; Inertial frame of reference; Geodesy; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Mathematics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0709986819562557,"score_gpt":0.27008101649469923,"score_spread":0.19908233453844354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064047843","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41446835,0.00015161587,0.58442855,0.00008318133,0.00013744271,0.00020579512,0.000070216054,0.00013926097,0.00031559254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9720527,0.000008727998,0.027742716,0.0000103405,0.000051657276,0.00004688992,0.00004307922,0.00001618093,0.000027723605],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993611,0.000012324956,0.00022376257,0.00011726939,0.000089917696,0.00019562947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966216,0.000019035893,0.00003687635,0.00010663275,0.00012851467,0.000046756515],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012078114,0.00009693278,0.00011268898,0.000063358195,0.0001580703,0.00002570676,0.000055659733,0.0000564863,0.0000029560792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031554973,0.000107418105,0.000037312177,0.00007929102,0.000022512262,0.00020452068,0.000019728635,0.000091409485,0.000004394375],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002181731,0.00013224913,0.00013822671,0.0002231356,0.00012687,2.7873594e-7,0.001951005,0.79332703,0.17046003,0.0008990362,0.00032335025,0.03239694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044437902,0.000042036365,0.00016858791,0.00009816131,0.000029666484,0.0000030211509,0.00010662379,0.99352056,0.005267536,0.00017608578,0.00003355883,0.00010979009],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005673725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019083176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55758435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007260181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018658451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43803835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069905080","doi":"10.1007/s10291-009-0121-8","title":"Tropospheric delay gradients from numerical weather prediction models: effects on GPS estimated parameters","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Numerical weather prediction; Zenith; GNSS applications; Precise Point Positioning; Troposphere; Meteorology; Global Positioning System; Remote sensing; Geodesy; A priori and a posteriori; Residual; Computer science; Environmental science; Algorithm; Geography; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.021994709368643308,"score_gpt":0.22109781225867253,"score_spread":0.19910310289002922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069905080","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49330756,0.00033256548,0.49704096,0.00012180402,0.00070657197,0.0001893044,0.00006723774,0.0010918581,0.0071421578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946424,0.000027198063,0.0049847444,0.000079168625,0.00006807166,0.000033348475,0.00008360573,0.000021578893,0.00005990193],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914867,0.000035484143,0.00016568796,0.00020496102,0.00013242524,0.00031274604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995811,0.000053680353,0.000021136604,0.00021656785,0.000023859646,0.000103661936],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000030140887,0.00016633117,0.00014287229,0.0000454406,0.00015702224,0.000040758707,0.00010626243,0.00009449667,0.000023372604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019021183,0.00016622743,0.00007232388,0.00017868487,0.000023015611,0.00015783506,0.00000854727,0.00020840594,0.00018459887],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020257503,0.000113839174,0.00013670084,0.000005843258,0.00006975494,0.0000050325475,0.0003519088,0.98075175,0.0022904663,0.001358762,0.005630179,0.009265498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030616848,0.00028135403,0.009271446,0.00013015098,0.000048235903,0.0000061622804,0.000011811563,0.9842879,0.00088525994,0.0045096916,0.00009158652,0.00017024076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000092893344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000025720917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50133485,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015594433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000080940945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6778558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071014731","doi":"10.1007/s10291-006-0052-6","title":"TEQC multipath metrics in MATLAB","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Multipath propagation; MATLAB; Global Positioning System; Computer science; Remote sensing; Orientation (vector space); Term (time); Interpretation (philosophy); Sky; Geodesy; Telecommunications; Geology; Geography; Geometry; Mathematics; Physics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.026236476766485668,"score_gpt":0.23909780371038314,"score_spread":0.21286132694389748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071014731","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51663375,0.00096194766,0.3197478,0.00008730026,0.00087967917,0.00013553322,0.000023392733,0.0006717014,0.16085885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974064,0.000020640044,0.002282632,0.000017909993,0.000035190977,0.0000057374414,0.000007003987,0.000008995632,0.00021546567],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949455,0.0000054741618,0.00012715,0.00006942041,0.00006136822,0.00024206347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997858,0.000040741837,0.0000074611285,0.0001042774,0.000019711897,0.00004204128],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014616798,0.00005764043,0.00005836101,0.00019225398,0.000051334497,0.000014448583,0.0000677383,0.00004805859,0.000027601976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040838877,0.000062987354,0.000022548697,0.00038410374,0.00001660631,0.000063959196,0.000014302551,0.00013558804,0.00016925523],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004551436,0.0014051899,0.08681081,0.00034077294,0.00023064158,0.00016970497,0.011009594,0.37528616,0.093783386,0.19776273,0.12416243,0.10899307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013937142,0.00012028624,0.45814303,0.0002825905,0.000038297476,0.00006743917,0.0009989453,0.48584488,0.014098338,0.0026056003,0.03538248,0.0010243941],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008497061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016261268,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48077264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009659346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006314269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25685498},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073136791","doi":"10.1007/s10291-006-0024-x","title":"Optimal linear combinations of triple frequency carrier phase data from future global navigation satellite systems","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Computer science; Multipath propagation; Galileo (satellite navigation); Global Positioning System; Satellite; Satellite system; Multipath mitigation; Communications satellite; GLONASS; Algorithm; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.027785379616014093,"score_gpt":0.27278433573885674,"score_spread":0.24499895612284264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2073136791","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6849698,0.013489147,0.23417147,0.0002161993,0.004497638,0.0005096293,0.040576164,0.0007841301,0.020785818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888953,0.00004848677,0.0022882093,0.0000029036837,0.00028031948,0.000016249911,0.008394436,0.000009613865,0.000064496744],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916196,0.000031314,0.00030455535,0.00017415284,0.00013892003,0.00018910479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932235,0.00001795956,0.00005196523,0.0004500693,0.00010909218,0.00004853243],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007309938,0.00011363482,0.0001404872,0.00003664499,0.00014187694,0.000038209728,0.00024025231,0.00009652389,0.000025067842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011529997,0.00012520437,0.00003952448,0.00023418908,0.000050702423,0.00026270983,0.000036255326,0.00012325495,0.00004608156],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051536917,0.0031198703,0.0050374744,0.00037062718,0.00068989454,0.0000249301,0.0013111231,0.47235003,0.053487137,0.28562316,0.17436185,0.0035723671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002767861,0.0001273273,0.0066281175,0.00029838525,0.00021195629,0.000027284805,0.0005247779,0.96818113,0.0013338479,0.0021893745,0.017187852,0.0005221083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014832546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009064591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49583107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010078609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036464364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5105686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074536625","doi":"10.1007/s10291-011-0244-6","title":"Improving vertical GPS precision with a GPS-over-fiber architecture and real-time relative delay calibration","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université Laval; Centre de Géomatique du Québec","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Calibration; Computer science; Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver; Baseline (sea); Component (thermodynamics); Assisted GPS; Antenna (radio); Real-time computing; Electronic engineering; Gps receiver; Engineering; Telecommunications; Mathematics; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.013536753626514323,"score_gpt":0.20131496586774547,"score_spread":0.18777821224123115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074536625","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.59877735,0.00013868413,0.35465577,0.00006277817,0.00010956851,0.00025278464,0.000033356493,0.0005041223,0.045465603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895836,0.000011292016,0.0098426,0.000010977222,0.0000379618,0.000025839274,0.000019267221,0.00002391367,0.0004445427],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992787,0.00003544514,0.00015029972,0.0001889482,0.00010607964,0.000240526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962,0.000060220325,0.000018063947,0.00016987923,0.000036985148,0.00009480612],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000648817,0.00013456668,0.00011208169,0.0000693295,0.00017990921,0.000037873713,0.000063036816,0.00009968523,0.0001490736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003173836,0.00011450536,0.000028684355,0.00011624653,0.00007805843,0.00027809103,0.000037220165,0.00021882361,0.00005563483],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015661627,0.0012149116,0.007217169,0.00055912713,0.0015761512,0.0001353799,0.08091846,0.10483889,0.58988786,0.11792835,0.022557154,0.071600355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016827196,0.0012484853,0.06393393,0.00072949467,0.00035008413,0.0003137836,0.00023956344,0.9098041,0.011197901,0.008576943,0.00065876544,0.0012642267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002610073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000061249426,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8049652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005460492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002291318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4669393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078248583","doi":"10.1007/s10291-002-0029-z","title":"Performance analysis of a stand-alone high-sensitivity receiver","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Sensitivity (control systems); Remote sensing; Environmental science; Ranging; SIGNAL (programming language); Global Positioning System; Range (aeronautics); Non-line-of-sight propagation; Satellite; Acoustics; Wireless; Telecommunications; Computer science; Engineering; Geography; Aerospace engineering; Electronic engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.01958336710732017,"score_gpt":0.1935936826218537,"score_spread":0.17401031551453353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078248583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90680826,0.00058191846,0.08427063,0.00009671725,0.00017121877,0.000086601045,0.000115498675,0.00076011394,0.0071090353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99891394,0.0004125959,0.0004404763,0.0000070129686,0.000011719295,0.000005254259,0.000013368559,0.000007862771,0.00018775134],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99947965,0.00001271745,0.00014674895,0.00008528529,0.000097803684,0.00017777442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965984,0.000028204155,0.000022720562,0.00021302595,0.000054527627,0.000021660508],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000073161966,0.00007502983,0.00017294766,0.00028055237,0.000091842536,0.000006265633,0.00005670708,0.00007216563,0.0002405104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028186621,0.00007688498,0.000070487156,0.0010902929,0.00007080226,0.00008817582,0.000020328942,0.0000807411,0.000042024407],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000037859668,0.00007467136,0.008937236,0.00005708105,0.0007599095,0.0000044063186,0.00059026334,0.9677253,0.0039171493,0.0038085415,0.006206579,0.007915079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014400695,0.00001583674,0.039499763,0.000010288499,0.0002676093,0.0000014430308,0.00007220398,0.95307165,0.005609652,0.00003416518,0.0011448261,0.00012855163],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029939984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007774384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09210569,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053475258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000034163606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31352785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079719334","doi":"10.1007/s10291-004-0112-8","title":"Code and carrier phase based short baseline GPS positioning: computational aspects","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Baseline (sea); Position (finance); Code (set theory); Algorithm; Covariance; Computer science; Phase (matter); Covariance matrix; Satellite; Real-time computing; Mathematics; Engineering; Statistics; Telecommunications; Aerospace engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.023499521515657547,"score_gpt":0.26561567473268816,"score_spread":0.24211615321703062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079719334","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16390577,0.0010038898,0.8000915,0.001847418,0.00033141286,0.00022735006,0.001075639,0.000914027,0.03060297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99356157,0.000007041382,0.005644031,0.00018653342,0.00012926833,0.000022430084,0.0003666625,0.000014610207,0.00006785653],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929726,0.000024093308,0.0001752934,0.00015734175,0.00011858124,0.0002274386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996177,0.00006238527,0.000012138726,0.00011712139,0.000074313175,0.00011633996],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009932601,0.00011977066,0.000101670645,0.00008949065,0.0002616926,0.00005477414,0.000059258404,0.00005390906,0.00016233636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021977115,0.00013738846,0.00004827822,0.000112173024,0.00006325946,0.00014291944,0.00001426657,0.0001483573,0.000054688677],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010491363,0.00017269365,0.00016046596,0.000020038722,0.00005873347,0.000004687025,0.00023612347,0.96102506,0.0045073377,0.008394497,0.022888703,0.002521193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005264432,0.00005260396,0.00089658826,0.000044720357,0.000037023005,0.0000342608,0.000023634948,0.9917061,0.0013037479,0.0003297903,0.004858714,0.00018641751],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008776067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003340614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82965577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000084427455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003717268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56025386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080228819","doi":"10.1007/s10291-004-0115-5","title":"Identification of GPS positioning solutions deteriorated by signal degradations using a fuzzy inference system","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Dilution of precision; Pseudorange; Computer science; GPS signals; Multipath propagation; Fuzzy logic; SIGNAL (programming language); GPS/INS; Assisted GPS; Real-time computing; Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Geography; GNSS applications; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.030574760091712633,"score_gpt":0.24509002115041567,"score_spread":0.21451526105870303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080228819","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35051417,0.00032538146,0.64605427,0.000054118093,0.00026699709,0.00018407738,0.00029927457,0.0004885933,0.001813098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975924,0.000016932847,0.002061903,0.0000065462195,0.00003646832,0.000052987536,0.0001793012,0.000025564737,0.00002788404],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986236,0.00004733764,0.00055777084,0.000208627,0.00018431498,0.00037833137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922097,0.00003987485,0.00012838152,0.00026600002,0.00025061562,0.00009418435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015791456,0.00017411541,0.00018262249,0.00019999155,0.0006575379,0.00009925325,0.00017552826,0.00011278605,0.000013295593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003334219,0.00020916369,0.00008235154,0.00055809773,0.00011538471,0.0004212107,0.00003694312,0.00019043405,0.000059273163],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021823562,0.00006243777,0.000051947776,0.000054509062,0.00004584637,6.601471e-7,0.0003066893,0.3001656,0.6798934,0.01915465,0.00018381888,0.00007831457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011580896,0.00016250675,0.002852631,0.0016236394,0.00038650233,0.00017644257,0.0016274885,0.7604752,0.22710195,0.0033145566,0.000088506764,0.0010324693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025964592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041318126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6470782,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046438226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011341121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85294473},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083953515","doi":"10.1007/s10291-005-0008-2","title":"Single GPS receiver time-relative positioning with loop misclosure corrections","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université Laval","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Ephemeris; Geodesy; Precise Point Positioning; Satellite; Pseudorange; Position (finance); Remote sensing; Loop (graph theory); Computer science; Real-time computing; GNSS applications; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Geography; Physics","score_opus":0.01287356751659861,"score_gpt":0.19565984754582563,"score_spread":0.18278628002922703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2083953515","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23559295,0.00096988253,0.2050867,0.0013337585,0.0008011005,0.00038399876,0.00014379932,0.0022475552,0.5534403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880956,0.000011455375,0.0044320743,0.000050676612,0.0001606957,0.000022590395,0.00006108219,0.000031000985,0.007134857],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920094,0.00002856343,0.00016357502,0.00017581393,0.0001172246,0.00031389517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995419,0.0000513302,0.000029886613,0.00018183354,0.00010658904,0.00008846671],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000051620707,0.00015436247,0.00012084628,0.00010184975,0.00045966665,0.00006346858,0.000088381785,0.00008666148,0.00041196612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017306873,0.0001554442,0.000056407527,0.00027279338,0.000086161774,0.0003771404,0.000016575572,0.0002793912,0.001082561],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004497444,0.0006289037,0.0008281629,0.000035873196,0.0005794652,0.000009735603,0.005311,0.78427994,0.06071923,0.011187799,0.12787014,0.0085047465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031984767,0.0015882943,0.017077323,0.0020460596,0.00083171,0.0006951821,0.0015250004,0.8291649,0.0412758,0.0020246042,0.097325444,0.003247205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003219527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009294506,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7525026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022027073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024708072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084389047","doi":"10.1007/pl00012883","title":"Precise Point Positioning Using IGS Orbit and Clock Products","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1458,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Pseudorange; Precise Point Positioning; Orbit (dynamics); Global Positioning System; Geodesy; Satellite; Computer science; Geodetic datum; Kinematics; Remote sensing; GNSS applications; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Geology; Engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.03149562157878961,"score_gpt":0.22664817526827144,"score_spread":0.19515255368948184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084389047","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9409742,0.0016997586,0.03531534,0.00044786453,0.00046447705,0.00022323981,0.000020596835,0.00055430137,0.020300267],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946866,0.000054622273,0.004851646,0.000020497791,0.00011777602,0.000019754325,0.000014174026,0.000017481614,0.00021746905],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999379,0.00001463301,0.00013380546,0.00014986766,0.00007053953,0.00025219456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964005,0.000015278272,0.000015863747,0.00020599921,0.0000596647,0.00006312896],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000647029,0.00009991799,0.00008598962,0.000071823175,0.00027286133,0.00006565048,0.00007448939,0.000046350902,0.000037935883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042543415,0.00011089098,0.000021963479,0.0001759899,0.000040534702,0.00020770897,0.00004522226,0.00013107357,0.000042606516],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044533084,0.0003513286,0.003045717,0.00031925604,0.000283506,0.000054029886,0.0051444503,0.31359944,0.59197444,0.034758788,0.041671943,0.008752552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011240966,0.00023305939,0.02336318,0.0012341982,0.00022614206,0.0022234437,0.000605889,0.9220969,0.024642395,0.007720913,0.015062551,0.0014672446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009641138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013516618,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60849744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007410191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016049707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4522003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085332561","doi":"10.1007/s10291-014-0395-3","title":"Reduction of PPP convergence period through pseudorange multipath and noise mitigation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pseudorange; Multipath propagation; Observable; Convergence (economics); Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics; Econometrics; Economics; Telecommunications; Physics; Global Positioning System","score_opus":0.01597705863375101,"score_gpt":0.2181284572636448,"score_spread":0.20215139862989379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085332561","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86644703,0.0042326273,0.12026327,0.00036162767,0.0009519769,0.00018533973,0.000039689487,0.00030107461,0.00721736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99784017,0.00069045107,0.0013328473,0.000010916816,0.000049453927,0.000017998216,0.000017157938,0.000007630866,0.000033386717],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99959546,0.00001785726,0.00012516344,0.000090615904,0.00006123178,0.000109676424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997703,0.000010350412,0.000023451055,0.000113357295,0.000054286967,0.000028256085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057398156,0.000063542226,0.00007888401,0.000025178351,0.00008782699,0.000008099906,0.00004039319,0.000033573375,0.000026376008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027357486,0.00006967204,0.0000233146,0.00008063574,0.000074754804,0.00015396222,0.00001081702,0.00007509557,0.000020488735],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026946533,0.0002917902,0.0034621258,0.0025008342,0.00013876149,9.580586e-7,0.01482913,0.02849428,0.81907773,0.06601484,0.042019065,0.023143522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016406616,0.00038991627,0.09492514,0.0034069996,0.00026961658,0.00020701048,0.0010383909,0.7693254,0.10991236,0.007953858,0.009732737,0.0011979534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040137857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005698342,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7408311,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019798175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000068439003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28411433},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089038832","doi":"10.1007/s10291-015-0441-9","title":"Feasibility assessment of MEMS oscillators for GNSS receivers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Microelectromechanical systems; Compensation (psychology); Resonator; Tracking (education); Phase noise; Noise (video); Electronic engineering; Temperature measurement; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Global Positioning System; Optoelectronics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.07867923793205837,"score_gpt":0.3631484382806971,"score_spread":0.2844692003486387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089038832","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.048130307,0.00007153582,0.69850194,0.00025025243,0.00086076115,0.00072136335,0.0017961924,0.00004838954,0.24961928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920104,6.888532e-7,0.007276284,0.000005159376,0.00020226547,0.000032709067,0.00004611624,0.0000063518137,0.00042001004],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993711,0.00001820241,0.00015687781,0.00014524284,0.00012133254,0.00018724373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994082,0.000038120666,0.00007541328,0.00019549103,0.00019457913,0.000088223096],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023557564,0.00007484078,0.00013179277,0.000024901074,0.0001342116,0.0000063889847,0.00007681166,0.000023636669,0.00015373707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001980303,0.00007187175,0.000096941185,0.000107007705,0.000092446666,0.000105943946,0.00002247601,0.00006359892,0.0000043700406],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044391527,0.00041288725,0.11744216,0.000025528136,0.0001642034,2.652865e-7,0.00054783816,0.005526139,0.0006475979,0.8451516,0.01883463,0.01120278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046698917,0.0004693111,0.015252484,0.00005479217,0.00019392585,9.315339e-7,0.0039240397,0.0047178376,0.0020082481,0.74279714,0.22522126,0.00069016544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000078509525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008299154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9438801,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010395685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027019897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2930845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090914023","doi":"10.1007/s10291-004-0113-7","title":"Position and velocity reliability testing in degraded GPS signal environments","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation","keywords":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring; Global Positioning System; Reliability (semiconductor); Computer science; Weighting; Reliability engineering; GPS signals; Real-time computing; Algorithm; Engineering; GNSS applications; Assisted GPS; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.023838762429327826,"score_gpt":0.20777813045891638,"score_spread":0.18393936802958855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090914023","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9650374,0.0001093709,0.031893563,0.00013563423,0.00006121633,0.00008682042,0.00001268831,0.00012222119,0.0025410883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99595577,0.000010525572,0.003950145,0.000015040156,0.000018623845,0.00001826973,0.0000123785185,0.000007710982,0.000011541503],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994619,0.000016705757,0.0001353301,0.00012943838,0.0000655062,0.00019112676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998096,0.00003107103,0.000012507158,0.0000919669,0.000007937993,0.000046902493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000084533196,0.0000792718,0.000071083705,0.00004489439,0.00012396471,0.000019205858,0.000043242853,0.00005419469,0.000009209606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033476797,0.00009057369,0.000016083372,0.000108674154,0.000055057222,0.00012277273,0.000021147685,0.00016008913,0.000025700101],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011404976,0.00034844657,0.016438013,0.00007523127,0.000027775213,0.000010788842,0.0016702894,0.8214798,0.15205966,0.0035065766,0.0002467558,0.0041252663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011414052,0.00015776354,0.7932621,0.00033789073,0.00003128924,0.00006528306,0.00013050756,0.17068785,0.015634332,0.01794668,0.00011545647,0.0004894259],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019611444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021503018,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7768241,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021491201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001198076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3693488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091391049","doi":"10.1007/s10291-007-0060-1","title":"Tracking performance of a HSGPS receiver under avalanche deposited snow","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"U.S. Forest Service; Parks Canada","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Snow; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Attenuation; Meteorology; Computer science; Geology; Telecommunications; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.026071365600174097,"score_gpt":0.22986419639368927,"score_spread":0.20379283079351518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091391049","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88060075,0.00022263048,0.083738945,0.000025711011,0.0002513602,0.000053056658,0.000006507037,0.00020482391,0.034896206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99863935,0.000043120333,0.0010413803,0.000019281237,0.000044924913,0.0000038082414,0.000011167673,0.000013245303,0.00018371512],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938864,0.000008266916,0.00017978458,0.000085411404,0.00008841029,0.000249499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968725,0.000044263066,0.000023092829,0.00014046974,0.000059495138,0.000045417837],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012357737,0.00008111021,0.00008927749,0.00008688581,0.00010640905,0.000012231607,0.000085860695,0.00006385179,0.000055930817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001436923,0.00008595912,0.000041794403,0.00019034627,0.00004292933,0.00012050383,0.00001315253,0.00015029959,0.000057681944],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010101934,0.0004966601,0.042266887,0.00048755063,0.000497681,0.0000120273835,0.0067812526,0.30635566,0.5626981,0.021457769,0.015856287,0.042989083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006358825,0.00017172577,0.6207271,0.0006620558,0.0000859811,0.000088160414,0.00040848172,0.15936513,0.21590361,0.00026444704,0.0011314373,0.0005559663],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028261187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043496035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5784602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006226827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010333449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35053113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091492917","doi":"10.1007/s10291-012-0296-2","title":"GPS interactive time series analysis software","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Software; Computer science; Spectral density; Time series; Outlier; Wavelet; Global Positioning System; Series (stratigraphy); Geodetic datum; Bivariate analysis; Autocorrelation; Data mining; Statistics; Mathematics; Geodesy; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Geography","score_opus":0.019139688293465237,"score_gpt":0.23674477583531722,"score_spread":0.21760508754185198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091492917","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0045279674,0.00038154534,0.9880608,0.0007124466,0.00022418094,0.00006506886,0.000023053273,0.00030127793,0.005703708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91507274,0.000009552805,0.07988763,0.00010691211,0.00017504627,0.00001686587,0.00003478405,0.000009454782,0.004686998],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988018,0.00006183349,0.00021772177,0.00024159452,0.00018064819,0.0004963873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904895,0.00007853127,0.00011419826,0.0004992611,0.000110177054,0.00014890454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024460326,0.00013132166,0.00022961468,0.00024522486,0.00049261964,0.0001449328,0.00041282063,0.00004822887,0.00049098383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009478098,0.000120634075,0.00028492667,0.0016194036,0.00006203052,0.0016797188,0.0003729766,0.00012257283,0.00066478446],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007582232,0.0022052706,0.15004422,0.0000628864,0.016431546,0.00004493462,0.039707027,0.03268941,0.0032081439,0.45959732,0.07612473,0.21980868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069254864,0.00031527225,0.22085851,0.000067870526,0.0038760074,0.00017468985,0.0019298302,0.5665001,0.0012021915,0.0073870146,0.19444858,0.0025473568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008711339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055047516,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9105448,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000069224254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029671866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8544681},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094293289","doi":"10.1007/s10291-014-0415-3","title":"Tightly coupled integration of GPS precise point positioning and MEMS-based inertial systems","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Precise Point Positioning; Pseudorange; Computer science; Inertial navigation system; Satellite; Kalman filter; Inertial frame of reference; Remote sensing; GNSS applications; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geography","score_opus":0.014600775987805159,"score_gpt":0.21274429656423297,"score_spread":0.1981435205764278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094293289","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3680715,0.00034052908,0.6244455,0.00010430319,0.0004971359,0.00016758339,0.000025909669,0.0002704361,0.006077108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987705,0.000009165632,0.0009790045,0.0000116809,0.000070976115,0.000036090307,0.000055335702,0.000013834582,0.00005342702],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993535,0.000034309134,0.00023984944,0.000114165465,0.000099894125,0.00015824825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999583,0.00006634717,0.00004291322,0.00015503266,0.00009742493,0.00005526924],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014994426,0.00010362978,0.00014282331,0.000099949866,0.00013148751,0.000049830945,0.000064313324,0.00006748241,0.000015668069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050937597,0.00010231402,0.00003647926,0.00010354285,0.000053049305,0.00012780813,0.00001348431,0.00011540796,0.000014045179],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034927263,0.00011540039,0.00023270868,0.00022730873,0.00007924563,9.271648e-7,0.0010570387,0.36818942,0.58638245,0.03865374,0.003433262,0.0015935877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029715415,0.00009501201,0.0015838792,0.00029538915,0.00003061667,0.000009630799,0.00005329375,0.987287,0.009908933,0.00018271377,0.00013076226,0.00012564799],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019165488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003970496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.630699,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000522716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015820335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41722447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094590854","doi":"10.1007/s10291-013-0334-8","title":"Assessment of troposphere mapping functions using three-dimensional ray-tracing","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"GNSS applications; Troposphere; Geodetic datum; Ray tracing (physics); Calibration; Remote sensing; Computer science; Function (biology); Algorithm; Set (abstract data type); Precise Point Positioning; Data set; Geodesy; Meteorology; Global Positioning System; Geography; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.028850385392483417,"score_gpt":0.2415519301813076,"score_spread":0.2127015447888242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094590854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5206451,0.0001571027,0.4692051,0.00003325458,0.0005108264,0.00010593853,0.000014374398,0.00016427411,0.009164061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9779068,0.0000024280534,0.021817692,0.000010924886,0.000056799625,0.000024855333,0.000015248869,0.000016211621,0.00014904093],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992647,0.000015204695,0.00023308987,0.0001173781,0.00012351187,0.00024610595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995947,0.000034141252,0.000035616784,0.00017132232,0.00010571245,0.00005849602],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006066107,0.00010578864,0.0001265396,0.00006724425,0.00023793182,0.00003082554,0.00006573188,0.000056633202,0.0005223193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000891399,0.00011148167,0.00007149983,0.00017588347,0.000049423055,0.00020757862,0.0000312079,0.00017339239,0.000082518105],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[4.1018214e-7,0.00004531649,0.002484198,0.00003941299,0.00007775706,4.443772e-7,0.00008779697,0.90136534,0.09000079,0.001862469,0.0034150826,0.00062095927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012491544,0.00002081857,0.07171491,0.0001559919,0.000024763482,0.000011702712,0.00016607557,0.926934,0.00026697916,0.00035892785,0.00008065041,0.00014025105],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036372407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043204553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45726174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119082724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042236366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.571903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102516280","doi":"10.1007/s10291-011-0215-y","title":"Coherent integration time limit of a mobile receiver for indoor GNSS applications","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Decorrelation; GNSS applications; Multipath propagation; Computer science; Time delay and integration; Electronic engineering; Limit (mathematics); SIGNAL (programming language); Fading; Signal processing; Global Positioning System; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Engineering; Geography; Algorithm; Radar; Mathematics; Computer vision","score_opus":0.04400893639436059,"score_gpt":0.2517285809350202,"score_spread":0.2077196445406596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2102516280","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0024682332,0.00036279054,0.98763674,0.000015759473,0.00003149077,0.0011240661,0.0001024863,0.00061105454,0.007647359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.889635,0.0001996076,0.10524499,0.000009028287,0.00001979628,0.0045081456,0.000100781,0.000028245142,0.00025437603],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99946004,0.000014420805,0.00023948135,0.000095317795,0.00005382524,0.0001369326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928147,0.00006104432,0.000060157483,0.00043464746,0.00012788012,0.000034780398],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000075447046,0.00008819698,0.00012186683,0.00008798341,0.000090762886,0.000004357664,0.00021061579,0.00006950506,0.00009439775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016675856,0.000095748386,0.000059831757,0.000176664,0.00005966697,0.000120109195,0.00003578302,0.00009326167,0.00004737995],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058093472,0.0011950204,0.00023039644,0.00028681627,0.00028733292,2.6453216e-7,0.0066691195,0.01054416,0.33095574,0.18680686,0.027844084,0.43512213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012477094,0.00047592944,0.0021935343,0.00025425677,0.00018808064,0.000008443342,0.0010326791,0.19052868,0.5727807,0.053746484,0.17638062,0.0011628885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011809802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024248335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8871668,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007367306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015425774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3904506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106389019","doi":"10.1007/s10291-005-0017-1","title":"Analysis of GPS RTK performance using external NOAA tropospheric corrections integrated with a multiple reference station approach","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Environmental science; Troposphere; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Geodesy; Computer science; Geology; Geography; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.022493689448276306,"score_gpt":0.21340759369661155,"score_spread":0.19091390424833524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106389019","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.52117676,0.000053550433,0.47600675,0.000001210587,0.000049518934,0.000052101754,0.00004809136,0.000101551814,0.0025104708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804401,0.000013450192,0.019121952,0.0000024149574,0.000019729641,0.00002589258,0.00020795688,0.000014904026,0.00015359168],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991996,0.000026555868,0.00025336735,0.00016037872,0.00013607691,0.00022398712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995183,0.00002679885,0.000069798334,0.00018240085,0.00016623453,0.00003647503],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055948953,0.00013254813,0.00018821577,0.00020067695,0.00020183946,0.000033427677,0.0000925519,0.00005559908,0.000037840495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000088362385,0.0001229371,0.000059197984,0.0012295451,0.0000757538,0.00019650957,0.0000112235875,0.0001768363,0.0000060353705],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012409677,0.00007826606,0.024104664,0.000016589636,0.00013117421,2.1317123e-7,0.00016217645,0.96661395,0.008266683,0.00024690392,0.00006215557,0.0003048445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015813562,0.000049072343,0.10329933,0.000051955612,0.00029041996,0.0000061781157,0.00019888194,0.89495265,0.00082206173,0.000009184788,0.000032734446,0.0001294148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025035655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000709092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45926335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015204458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038129558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5013229},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108849537","doi":"10.1007/s10291-004-0105-7","title":"An analysis of carrier phase differential kinematic GPS positioning using DynaPos","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Kinematics; Geodesy; Differential GPS; Remote sensing; Precise Point Positioning; Range (aeronautics); Differential (mechanical device); Phase (matter); Real Time Kinematic; Computer science; Geology; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Telecommunications; Engineering; GNSS applications","score_opus":0.02364892397915893,"score_gpt":0.28602570501537183,"score_spread":0.2623767810362129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2108849537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70883465,0.000053116684,0.29015896,0.000013546684,0.000117345044,0.000051477306,0.00015373126,0.00012094331,0.00049626397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99732685,0.0000041986464,0.0023814233,0.000007184502,0.00003432975,0.000009737734,0.00021862004,0.000012331125,0.0000053394474],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921304,0.000024168721,0.00026881197,0.00013700868,0.00012298225,0.00023397716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999455,0.000014382372,0.000044477165,0.0003308408,0.00006872302,0.00008661054],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000046647,0.000120697296,0.00022415124,0.0003151911,0.00019668265,0.000040512008,0.00014737186,0.00006231058,0.00015357819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016386377,0.00013125865,0.00013651617,0.00050352537,0.00005694727,0.0001753174,0.000021016473,0.0001120308,0.0000072923676],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000035449104,0.0001433166,0.0001159284,0.000021336686,0.00037821807,0.0000013373476,0.00070318097,0.8463335,0.14999087,0.0022414175,0.0000145994245,0.000052768057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005850301,0.00009797009,0.0030468975,0.00010404678,0.0013232381,0.000010508004,0.00020685853,0.98631597,0.0076885214,0.00041140037,0.0000030916847,0.00020648802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021807943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000704073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2884922,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013545358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002496048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5352573},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2112991517","doi":"10.1007/s10291-003-0075-1","title":"Local deformation monitoring using GPS in an open pit mine: initial study","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Geodetic datum; Deformation monitoring; Software; Real Time Kinematic; Multipath mitigation; Total station; Engineering; GNSS applications; Computer science; Geodesy; Deformation (meteorology); Geology; Geography; Telecommunications; Meteorology","score_opus":0.08479850033817891,"score_gpt":0.32655613124561095,"score_spread":0.24175763090743202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2112991517","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94969565,0.000041656167,0.044347826,0.0000038944872,0.00040037357,0.00019777376,0.0000043721175,0.000097412296,0.0052110716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99870926,0.0000019747652,0.001167659,0.000004056115,0.000044329143,0.000036651978,0.000008024044,0.00001431727,0.000013744093],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992979,0.00006175125,0.0002065051,0.000112804395,0.00008670118,0.00023434534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997165,0.000012876621,0.00001779153,0.000160066,0.00003813667,0.00005462183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016839082,0.000094443836,0.000099058874,0.00010419145,0.00017532757,0.0001121045,0.00015441171,0.000047490495,0.000021935484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019730991,0.000107840955,0.000014502245,0.00020253801,0.00002001221,0.0006780286,0.00003908197,0.00015714108,0.000029567846],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012402793,0.00064266066,0.03708043,0.000026533073,0.000038855313,0.000011328467,0.006776653,0.9449285,0.006141103,0.002175274,0.00016271246,0.0020035135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024147597,0.0006336071,0.15849704,0.00036668574,0.00007781037,0.00008763307,0.015880056,0.81084925,0.008978078,0.0010215652,0.00025499327,0.0009385273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039129457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028125016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13407928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019590616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029557119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43976265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122503665","doi":"10.1007/s10291-007-0063-y","title":"MILES: MATLAB package for solving Mixed Integer LEast Squares problems","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Integer (computer science); Least-squares function approximation; MATLAB; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Integer programming; Ordinary least squares; Process (computing); Algorithm; Applied mathematics; Computer science; Statistics","score_opus":0.02838736224521222,"score_gpt":0.2520006352134833,"score_spread":0.2236132729682711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122503665","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0061614104,0.0007473272,0.98977363,0.000975684,0.0006164586,0.00036104632,0.0000158173,0.0002557484,0.0010928927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94956535,0.000020338846,0.04985099,0.00013024574,0.00012869625,0.000061289466,0.000010430226,0.000013313787,0.00021932171],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985609,0.000023619414,0.00027058847,0.00034124043,0.00018130442,0.0006223406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99896896,0.00023209392,0.00007225215,0.00047742596,0.00012316518,0.00012609246],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056346727,0.00014356078,0.00014041907,0.0002400816,0.00060737715,0.00015004457,0.0005605855,0.000087145105,0.000013062298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007216844,0.0001282432,0.00018613433,0.0005869617,0.00012373032,0.000293316,0.00017825389,0.00014713564,0.000050209575],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022824923,0.0007136307,0.002471906,0.0002341593,0.00016155114,0.000028239678,0.0064073713,0.00089488225,0.019118287,0.8876054,0.037717026,0.04462469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0073649185,0.001693257,0.15689787,0.0014600811,0.00033269133,0.0004988927,0.0074026217,0.17704405,0.030749734,0.3658432,0.24589409,0.004818565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007144699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041599246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94340396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038838545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055421388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5229606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133574800","doi":"10.1007/s10291-006-0046-4","title":"A method to improve the alignment performance for GPS-IMU System","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Inertial measurement unit; Computer science; Geodesy; Aerospace engineering; Marine engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.015092165246125961,"score_gpt":0.23661924746743956,"score_spread":0.2215270822213136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2133574800","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020819873,0.00014475692,0.95593077,0.0003384751,0.00047593075,0.00041590905,0.000070518305,0.00033359992,0.021470163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98400205,0.0000016813909,0.014471782,0.000037560458,0.0001661282,0.00041364427,0.000009472815,0.000013931194,0.0008837315],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941766,0.00001470133,0.00014049814,0.00010693027,0.00007043784,0.00024978112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996892,0.000045490044,0.000014177794,0.00017951692,0.000038081198,0.000033502598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016774063,0.0000839637,0.00007758721,0.00003192863,0.00025710065,0.000037280217,0.00011686879,0.000032920052,0.000004787573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000040842588,0.00006623391,0.00004965174,0.0000871162,0.000011896142,0.00004920459,0.000021375661,0.000063258034,0.00008397254],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016313264,0.0000729253,0.000088299304,0.0003371126,0.000101738544,6.1310027e-7,0.00092535483,0.66529316,0.065328546,0.14403076,0.113052994,0.010752173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003084386,0.00015410784,0.002463251,0.000167554,0.000064144435,0.00002106128,0.00034976238,0.9178605,0.023133917,0.00037055838,0.054815035,0.00029164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008643744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016097607,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9631822,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014213793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000105928375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27009404},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138313725","doi":"10.1007/s10291-006-0025-9","title":"Performance comparison of semicodeless GPS receivers for LEO satellites","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; University of Calgary","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Computer science; Remote sensing; Sensitivity (control systems); Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver; SIGNAL (programming language); Time to first fix; GPS signals; GPS disciplined oscillator; Satellite; GNSS applications; Geodetic datum; Orbit (dynamics); Orbit determination; Real-time computing; Assisted GPS; Electronic engineering; Aerospace engineering; Gps receiver; Geodesy; Engineering; Telecommunications; Geography","score_opus":0.029523099058583916,"score_gpt":0.2454925912142648,"score_spread":0.2159694921556809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138313725","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9444371,0.000608423,0.031580497,0.000030841864,0.00021046452,0.000109366745,0.000066134795,0.00018539914,0.022771772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99715644,0.00004449805,0.0023850163,0.000003177455,0.000044809676,0.000021271027,0.00005796189,0.00001036003,0.00027643522],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999504,0.000005547972,0.00017591173,0.000077544435,0.000054293654,0.00018264525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975485,0.000036121528,0.000026123244,0.000106148706,0.00005662635,0.000020140817],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004235431,0.00007231892,0.00011289753,0.000048991595,0.0001088205,0.000010746776,0.000082716884,0.00004634699,0.000013284119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005419837,0.00007952564,0.000044474105,0.00008722286,0.000041075415,0.000080941674,0.000008602498,0.00007113819,0.000019554169],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018581046,0.00014762583,0.0177458,0.00026931727,0.00005031889,1.1714598e-7,0.0006405259,0.8394452,0.0816076,0.011392862,0.042028565,0.006653507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027755796,0.000081613114,0.010604182,0.00013612378,0.000032594413,0.0000025193751,0.00016039162,0.9046373,0.07774351,0.00043544726,0.005684314,0.00020448361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004395318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000024477502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06519208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041887342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009432338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32429615},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151191439","doi":"10.1007/pl00012849","title":"An Overview of Multi-Reference Station Methods for cm-Level Positioning","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Ambiguity resolution; Global Positioning System; Realization (probability); Interpolation (computer graphics); Algorithm; Data mining; Systems engineering; GNSS applications; Telecommunications; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Statistics; Motion (physics)","score_opus":0.29082010020739113,"score_gpt":0.42799590443523017,"score_spread":0.13717580422783904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151191439","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.011236665,0.0009825027,0.9856212,0.000031901847,0.00015371288,0.00013164144,0.00013727762,0.00016768588,0.0015374235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7356512,0.00018445386,0.26384047,0.00001747004,0.000022290427,0.000056592336,0.0001332623,0.000013218831,0.00008107498],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993723,0.000048431117,0.00020674129,0.00011886112,0.000053611366,0.00020007382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953145,0.00007287881,0.00003609496,0.00017039853,0.00013615085,0.000053042484],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018136049,0.00009071818,0.000117651376,0.000077731595,0.00015164026,0.000023733692,0.000102305625,0.00005814029,0.00004135059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037833554,0.000100839075,0.000046167064,0.00014463987,0.000029190753,0.00022023398,0.00000996847,0.00008259437,0.00001155714],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037197584,0.00053949654,0.0006262099,0.00041584513,0.00019236344,9.495443e-7,0.002965056,0.26327834,0.43035942,0.15236434,0.002418565,0.14680222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000483647,0.00016380587,0.017624564,0.0002124863,0.000060420592,0.000014970576,0.00019273144,0.9652915,0.010030623,0.0033594426,0.0022952843,0.00027053492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000093084614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000058265872,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7244145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052697906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019113593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41120982},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171960338","doi":"10.1007/s10291-010-0199-z","title":"Combined L1/L2 Kalman filter-based tracking scheme for weak signal environments","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Discriminator; Kalman filter; Global Positioning System; Tracking (education); Computer science; SIGNAL (programming language); Extended Kalman filter; Filter (signal processing); Control theory (sociology); Tracking error; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications; Detector; Computer vision","score_opus":0.02509763899740483,"score_gpt":0.22725551932871824,"score_spread":0.2021578803313134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2171960338","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45196947,0.00006601663,0.53304315,0.00037976075,0.001197524,0.00041923352,0.00015585654,0.000580603,0.0121884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99295366,0.0000015609916,0.0062562427,0.000036283334,0.00009192895,0.000098635064,0.000093117196,0.000024950446,0.000443625],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993177,0.000008241602,0.00015203288,0.00013957031,0.00008485016,0.00029757357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996487,0.000050684037,0.000021222826,0.00018839227,0.000015806254,0.00007521712],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007285727,0.00011772827,0.00009620285,0.000055035805,0.00023483248,0.000039900522,0.00013083724,0.00008520066,0.00019694175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018285084,0.00013264443,0.0000762644,0.000053018397,0.00005282685,0.00011349402,0.000014765572,0.00022809801,0.000099032324],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019802157,0.00025500183,0.0010651805,0.000055144003,0.0000729217,0.0000010264015,0.00018388743,0.02106694,0.94922996,0.010366965,0.015912967,0.0017701846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017385167,0.0002589708,0.014967137,0.00011662084,0.00006274998,0.0000069019834,0.000059478843,0.83214486,0.10792557,0.0013163196,0.0407821,0.0006207763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000070771803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016491755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8413044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038260336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013789967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5409083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2331182310","doi":"10.1007/s10291-016-0531-3","title":"Using multiple portable/wearable devices for enhanced misalignment estimation in portable navigation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Wearable computer; Computer science; Wearable technology; Embedded system; Real-time computing; Simulation; Engineering","score_opus":0.03322612386732999,"score_gpt":0.266265674273739,"score_spread":0.233039550406409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2331182310","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16244923,0.00020807593,0.8359389,0.00007141401,0.00020553303,0.00033421128,0.00004256088,0.00035448262,0.00039563814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812852,0.000035519563,0.018326234,0.000011945039,0.000021376994,0.00013214913,0.000045736124,0.00002202017,0.00011977682],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912083,0.000009265196,0.000278834,0.00015416859,0.00009972072,0.0003371578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996329,0.00006647305,0.000048740545,0.0001651981,0.000056679408,0.000030001163],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014491062,0.00011446875,0.00012717393,0.00012496696,0.00014739286,0.000023292245,0.000084937084,0.00010847252,0.00002840867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000953483,0.00010122315,0.00003841125,0.00024030986,0.00003134461,0.00032587015,0.000016432821,0.00004605589,0.000018329558],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012116777,0.000063298634,0.0028578972,0.0001395816,0.000036551726,0.0000015165832,0.00028582575,0.7634137,0.20982118,0.004596563,0.0006954075,0.018076321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094918715,0.000024817331,0.0011864838,0.0003181097,0.0000248014,0.0000033845545,0.00032539296,0.777671,0.21329297,0.0041588168,0.0017418358,0.00030319218],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007694209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023652482,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81883603,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024122487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030771338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41277602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2333858146","doi":"10.1007/pl00012900","title":"Internet-Based Real-Time Kinematic Positioning","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Beihang University","keywords":"Kinematics; Real Time Kinematic; The Internet; Computer science; Latency (audio); Base station; Real-time computing; Base (topology); Global Positioning System; Simulation; Telecommunications; GNSS applications; Operating system; Mathematics","score_opus":0.016520076801186123,"score_gpt":0.20469373332655902,"score_spread":0.1881736565253729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2333858146","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23696953,0.002179888,0.32350284,0.00045105495,0.0014555246,0.00060138764,0.000030597806,0.009323395,0.4254858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825461,0.00001096743,0.01611264,0.00001859592,0.000067096335,0.00003895173,0.000020320344,0.000047525886,0.0011377912],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932015,0.000014347634,0.00016517275,0.000111089474,0.0001035879,0.00028565704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966884,0.000046392848,0.000015137334,0.00018687642,0.000013566081,0.00006920117],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005032381,0.00012599982,0.000109602894,0.00010186146,0.00008496004,0.000034851975,0.000104497965,0.000052199714,0.0011244752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019826168,0.00015057453,0.000058188405,0.00016725379,0.000026198459,0.00009443549,0.000020808704,0.00014738528,0.001613794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[5.4085496e-7,0.00003407323,0.00005617266,0.000043205062,0.000030743093,0.0000068820254,0.00035346736,0.8909767,0.09758389,0.0010188625,0.009647115,0.00024831016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014861814,0.000018879093,0.00030058267,0.00008679289,0.000011506307,0.00001064935,0.000017417256,0.99528825,0.002669047,0.0000149264,0.0012619435,0.00017141247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001656057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001544192,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74557656,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015656043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002530391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2345156176","doi":"10.1007/s10291-016-0528-y","title":"Enhanced GPS narrowband jamming detection using high-resolution spectral estimation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Fast Fourier transform; GPS signals; Jamming; Narrowband; Computer science; Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver; Assisted GPS; Electronic engineering; Algorithm; Telecommunications; Engineering; Gps receiver; Physics","score_opus":0.017926237562081244,"score_gpt":0.22449427670208755,"score_spread":0.2065680391400063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2345156176","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46567184,0.000047770594,0.5326926,0.00003856175,0.00045500798,0.000059221184,0.000008640662,0.00029753186,0.00072879787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995258,0.000016282036,0.0043921284,0.000006421339,0.00016861229,0.00002235543,0.000009073767,0.000023263186,0.00010388602],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991037,0.00002881433,0.0002143824,0.0001794387,0.000122010206,0.00035160582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999639,0.00003558968,0.00004003094,0.00016289584,0.000056540255,0.00006599444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009519215,0.00013887168,0.0001097421,0.00012979854,0.0003380029,0.000051435647,0.000076281125,0.00009582339,0.000058860744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005002367,0.00012631445,0.000054821543,0.00017765857,0.000053913718,0.0004018238,0.000016560109,0.000112994436,0.00013638793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000715275,0.000017325774,0.000012613618,0.000013133758,0.000021331498,5.0871165e-7,0.00018932257,0.10556923,0.87759745,0.0016954198,0.00012404306,0.014752476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046731936,0.000087607164,0.002998918,0.00025854897,0.00004562118,0.00003437728,0.000065328015,0.59548634,0.39784935,0.0022682408,0.0001051932,0.00033315664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010858313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008601542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52958614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037230522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019081517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51509535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2491532368","doi":"10.1007/s10291-016-0556-7","title":"Study on the cross-correlation of GNSS signals and typical approximations","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Montreal Police Service","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; GPS signals; Global Positioning System; Doppler effect; Galileo (satellite navigation); Cross-correlation; Satellite; Frequency domain; SIGNAL (programming language); Computer science; Correlation; Satellite navigation; Remote sensing; Algorithm; Mathematics; Assisted GPS; Physics; Telecommunications; Statistics; Geography","score_opus":0.043117008350603586,"score_gpt":0.2697271622594955,"score_spread":0.22661015390889191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2491532368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9245231,0.00003243933,0.06844079,0.00025473317,0.00010001611,0.00014194302,0.00001995391,0.000077576726,0.006409454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99972004,0.0000036122774,0.00006321685,0.000007452649,0.000019860392,0.0000322043,0.0000012823705,0.0000051616307,0.00014715361],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99964964,0.000022864608,0.00011343863,0.00006453995,0.00006335993,0.00008615331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965906,0.000146477,0.000015829659,0.00012388232,0.000035785633,0.000018939878],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009515983,0.000048010148,0.000050809667,0.000031507672,0.00012654817,0.000017018445,0.00005128594,0.000026163701,0.00003721393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006138758,0.000028519838,0.000017848804,0.00006508399,0.00006649957,0.00006742488,0.000014085581,0.00005593809,0.000051824944],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000077512224,0.0014388944,0.07745454,0.000060853545,0.00040490014,0.0000020461655,0.011919032,0.06777212,0.09358806,0.72074586,0.017022733,0.009513453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00086208124,0.00045139415,0.93110895,0.00024729664,0.00006370686,0.000010605441,0.0009595722,0.047701366,0.005926928,0.012068234,0.00030466108,0.00029521543],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033858282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000347792,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8536544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017203114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005267644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11630053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2735192630","doi":"10.1007/s10291-017-0649-y","title":"Geometry of GPS dilution of precision: revisited","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Dilution of precision; Global Positioning System; Trilateration; Redundancy (engineering); Time to first fix; Satellite; Tetrahedron; Gps receiver; Precise Point Positioning; Geodesy; Assisted GPS; Mathematics; Computer science; Algorithm; Geometry; Engineering; Geography; GNSS applications; Aerospace engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.031128837189578783,"score_gpt":0.2617174093878449,"score_spread":0.2305885721982661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2735192630","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78426975,0.0015204325,0.13442264,0.00014843761,0.00078030245,0.00019013438,0.00017373984,0.0002161388,0.07827844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987795,0.0000855986,0.0008296601,0.0000024066271,0.00003907426,0.0000051001175,0.000012687329,0.000007451048,0.00023853625],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99948126,0.000011358778,0.00020196998,0.000079670215,0.0000987755,0.00012695444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932796,0.000027753198,0.00007778466,0.00044102594,0.00009306372,0.000032435917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000107635686,0.00006391066,0.00012925263,0.00008508529,0.00016822913,0.000017739818,0.00019537659,0.000057750294,0.00007107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014250276,0.00006541646,0.00006114881,0.000079634185,0.00008440233,0.0001419325,0.000048463324,0.00008652516,0.00003142207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009513908,0.0008028025,0.02790357,0.0015044577,0.0007047523,0.0000062359522,0.0024138351,0.06685369,0.5064057,0.18791135,0.12216806,0.08323038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011904488,0.00034674685,0.7581702,0.0023002196,0.00019521509,0.000033243905,0.00016475962,0.115354866,0.10511175,0.0055438336,0.010889702,0.0006990572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004343654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000050871563,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7302666,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002532883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010178837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2667606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2752148141","doi":"10.1007/s10291-017-0664-z","title":"Spectral characteristics of auroral region scintillation using 100 Hz sampling","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Scintillation; Spectral line; Global Positioning System; Noise (video); Phase (matter); Sampling (signal processing); GPS signals; Physics; Ionosphere; Noise power; Spectral density; SIGNAL (programming language); Computational physics; Remote sensing; Power (physics); Optics; Geology; Telecommunications; Computer science; Detector; Assisted GPS; Geophysics","score_opus":0.0570994803845734,"score_gpt":0.29356078531777813,"score_spread":0.23646130493320472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2752148141","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8551764,0.000010636093,0.13617615,0.0001069685,0.00041289345,0.00010374202,0.000037669954,0.00001976409,0.007955777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99442846,0.0000017456175,0.0046956497,0.000005867352,0.00043690891,0.0000020533466,0.000025410234,0.000012560827,0.00039136258],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993546,0.0000128389565,0.0002011049,0.00013728313,0.00007800486,0.0002161387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923533,0.00001289409,0.00027187238,0.00035259675,0.000083554456,0.000043755495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006215204,0.00009620568,0.00014446361,0.00001872462,0.00066558615,0.0000723547,0.00014511702,0.00003753149,0.00013247013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010867003,0.0001047125,0.00009264218,0.000042837197,0.00010678015,0.00021150844,0.00007218617,0.00009545626,0.000013278497],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050098097,0.00034159276,0.46159473,0.000049593906,0.00016590892,0.000003504081,0.0005182475,0.0061286953,0.007459427,0.4549697,0.0007045609,0.068013944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094045186,0.00012028169,0.77105707,0.00014266401,0.00021292492,0.000007337807,0.00044063845,0.19706906,0.00038700446,0.025023267,0.0039774533,0.0006218762],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00088253623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003399865,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42994642,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030516358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007730722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51192176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755591834","doi":"10.1007/s10291-017-0661-2","title":"3D building model-assisted snapshot positioning algorithm","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","keywords":"GNSS applications; Snapshot (computer storage); Pseudorange; Algorithm; Geodesy; Position (finance); Computer science; Position error; Global Positioning System; Hotspot (geology); Mathematics; Geography; Geology; Statistics; Telecommunications; Calibration","score_opus":0.030935612797850707,"score_gpt":0.2586985781010405,"score_spread":0.22776296530318982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2755591834","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005572247,0.00017028653,0.9728582,0.00019648041,0.00038336025,0.00008856082,0.000042710337,0.0010209582,0.019667218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92394805,0.000043009746,0.075693555,0.000025783893,0.00006719563,0.00002886974,0.000039377872,0.000023168492,0.00013099154],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927,0.000006191122,0.00015643216,0.00013861149,0.00010681654,0.00032193717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993853,0.000012297016,0.000039089544,0.00046476527,0.000053226613,0.000045330282],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007673839,0.00012127406,0.000115872426,0.000103174985,0.0012878272,0.00015983293,0.00029186087,0.0001270908,0.000057051286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054738393,0.00013431141,0.000058980226,0.00007958829,0.00009805089,0.00027474388,0.000092213355,0.00016631976,0.00003107741],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029500748,0.000049941507,0.00026610395,0.000043310705,0.00011876202,0.000017341614,0.00032532358,0.8208562,0.011424839,0.06615685,0.010511965,0.09022638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001952573,0.0000065894183,0.0009797711,0.000028867615,0.000020690619,0.000012474512,0.000039170143,0.99148256,0.0029262323,0.0030236836,0.0011007539,0.00018394344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002513743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019843259,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9183758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099369296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018006984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9905056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766230936","doi":"10.1007/s10291-017-0672-z","title":"Integration of GNSS and INS with a phased array antenna","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Multipath propagation; Computer science; Antenna (radio); Beamforming; Phased array; Inertial navigation system; GNSS augmentation; Antenna array; Multipath mitigation; Remote sensing; Electronic engineering; Global Positioning System; Telecommunications; Engineering; Geography; Inertial frame of reference; Physics","score_opus":0.029233201831384593,"score_gpt":0.24089676264884957,"score_spread":0.21166356081746499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2766230936","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5875378,0.00013648705,0.38019252,0.00014281333,0.00011848945,0.00007010338,0.000028411823,0.00009710507,0.03167625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998497,0.000023582947,0.0013550906,0.0000039500737,0.000017011918,0.000008175717,0.0000049549767,0.000005499976,0.00008469994],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997529,0.00000434472,0.00006517797,0.000056468813,0.000037413254,0.000083729574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974173,0.0000075254225,0.00002443822,0.00016451096,0.000036710706,0.000025059993],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000029815901,0.000049304756,0.000061535095,0.00003146181,0.00019211097,0.00003634954,0.00006153399,0.000023215533,0.0000071121344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019261408,0.000041886033,0.000012058999,0.000022131286,0.00008487237,0.00013443688,0.000004223051,0.00006221954,0.000004347392],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008638735,0.000034022087,0.0007998974,0.00002087274,0.000029902521,4.0610138e-7,0.0009645374,0.00016867847,0.9908511,0.005249975,0.00027890893,0.0015930417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033903543,0.0010480495,0.42906702,0.0021045937,0.00022664502,0.00013133511,0.0017500835,0.10720514,0.44610697,0.0038639072,0.0039293948,0.0011765158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008178506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001301975,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54474413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011690362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007949339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17080629},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2774655370","doi":"10.1007/s10291-017-0688-4","title":"On the accuracy of the GPS L2 observable for ionospheric monitoring","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Armstrong Foundation","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Observable; Ionosphere; Tracking (education); GPS signals; Geodesy; Phase (matter); Computer science; Remote sensing; Physics; Environmental science; Assisted GPS; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.07860424353244408,"score_gpt":0.2718477623528799,"score_spread":0.1932435188204358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2774655370","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9382857,0.000334433,0.018085064,0.0023182486,0.0030797482,0.00046557275,0.000058690683,0.0001774325,0.037195075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998846,0.000021720265,0.0003827359,0.000013788188,0.00009300364,0.00006769849,9.283505e-7,0.000009920265,0.0005642184],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996088,0.000009785492,0.000094978575,0.000065728695,0.00006309254,0.00015761274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992226,0.00017030427,0.000047322246,0.0005016593,0.000040654406,0.000017486365],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007715639,0.000063339656,0.000060605387,0.000006125644,0.0008418637,0.00006125105,0.00037804944,0.000031265816,0.000016854501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030297818,0.000040544393,0.00006910356,0.00003430257,0.00005405507,0.00009480618,0.00004652602,0.0001060609,0.0000200278],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029216975,0.00025773677,0.011728634,0.00023626133,0.00034615526,5.865594e-7,0.002808403,0.30942756,0.08043689,0.44145,0.14295378,0.010324771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010917892,0.00022796133,0.47813785,0.0016544514,0.00018046697,0.000009255398,0.0008714392,0.27417347,0.15616703,0.05930666,0.027383579,0.00079606735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000069760776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008483392,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4664092,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003310001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014381484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.647502},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2774754203","doi":"10.1007/s10291-017-0689-3","title":"A MATLAB-based Kriged Kalman Filter software for interpolating missing data in GNSS coordinate time series","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"GNSS applications; Missing data; Interpolation (computer graphics); Computer science; Kalman filter; Software; MATLAB; Global Positioning System; Algorithm; Series (stratigraphy); Extended Kalman filter; Time series; Data mining; Real-time computing; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning","score_opus":0.08410963769210052,"score_gpt":0.27877901885616946,"score_spread":0.19466938116406896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2774754203","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8958013,0.0006714124,0.060102936,0.014830997,0.0026025283,0.0026032752,0.013697962,0.00038725577,0.009302302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98667884,8.37618e-7,0.011462649,0.000093958326,0.00007127359,0.0000037950954,0.001169124,0.0000050416297,0.0005144626],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990369,0.000037796217,0.0001692955,0.00026508773,0.00013722616,0.00035370194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900484,0.00007444023,0.00011525746,0.00067362527,0.000060097966,0.00007171554],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004316244,0.00011078766,0.00014313962,0.00005246235,0.0011230317,0.00025947462,0.00055493566,0.00004361312,0.00019935804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003690751,0.000104861785,0.00003739063,0.000065869215,0.00008755083,0.00055017916,0.00006440348,0.00010057538,0.000113141956],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011576046,0.00010633951,0.9300785,0.00012795256,0.00005691679,0.000013982105,0.00033073002,0.0012531349,0.0008367865,0.000116696414,0.007195131,0.059768073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00083273207,0.00009266478,0.8352593,0.00019807617,0.000032502827,0.0000028398288,0.000055025383,0.15018915,0.000084454005,0.0055439994,0.007392141,0.00031706944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030079335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0068621137,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14893602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006806075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008626843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86375654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2787008709","doi":"10.1007/s10291-018-0702-5","title":"Railway irregularity measuring using Rauch–Tung–Striebel smoothed multi-sensors fusion system: quad-GNSS PPP, IMU, odometer, and track gauge","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Wuhan University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Calgary","keywords":"Odometer; GNSS applications; Inertial measurement unit; Global Positioning System; GLONASS; Inertial navigation system; Track (disk drive); Precise Point Positioning; Computer science; Real-time computing; Remote sensing; Geodesy; Simulation; Engineering; Inertial frame of reference; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.07482282790016394,"score_gpt":0.25338708754549866,"score_spread":0.17856425964533473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2787008709","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92528087,0.0006594816,0.070238814,0.00003554955,0.00090465264,0.00024320933,0.00006765168,0.000661051,0.0019087297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99407065,0.000029185232,0.005435737,0.000010555999,0.00021581799,0.000016458776,0.000013543546,0.00004878786,0.00015927281],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984175,0.00010121219,0.00038049457,0.00034774243,0.00020896598,0.0005441125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914736,0.000060676743,0.000067274304,0.00039096217,0.00015627962,0.00017746579],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003311551,0.0002703849,0.00029146677,0.00019476132,0.00070536084,0.00012296511,0.00017017421,0.00018457496,0.00003524193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007384349,0.0002835427,0.00009848577,0.00027662521,0.00020783108,0.00026136346,0.00007681315,0.00027473594,0.0000860945],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000097035016,0.00042099328,0.0019510323,0.0010138628,0.00040065564,0.000027405147,0.007407811,0.015858835,0.9613396,0.0058546485,0.0021814823,0.0034466358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020736095,0.0001746894,0.030470701,0.0013844691,0.0002334952,0.00030088643,0.00092940114,0.9335786,0.028638408,0.00017394479,0.0009762071,0.001065553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005403305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015752678,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9327012,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025384335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030524196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2796417323","doi":"10.1007/s10291-018-0725-y","title":"Odometer, low-cost inertial sensors, and four-GNSS data to enhance PPP and attitude determination","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Wuhan University","keywords":"Odometer; GNSS applications; Precise Point Positioning; Inertial navigation system; Global Positioning System; GLONASS; Computer science; Inertial measurement unit; Initialization; Galileo (satellite navigation); Sensor fusion; Geodesy; Inertial frame of reference; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.06057137298746413,"score_gpt":0.3031217676268459,"score_spread":0.24255039463938177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2796417323","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92337364,0.00013720918,0.07375073,0.0002454914,0.0003953218,0.00015685995,0.000127483,0.00017379432,0.0016395061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959613,0.000043017928,0.0035522447,0.00005174583,0.00017695931,0.0000148821855,0.00003836048,0.000012238408,0.00014921461],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993876,0.00001673605,0.00012111675,0.00020612657,0.00006893239,0.0001994844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995238,0.00003556516,0.0000138359355,0.00029137218,0.0000486302,0.00008679684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009325677,0.00009276835,0.00008393268,0.00007360022,0.00017319713,0.0000687602,0.00012350896,0.00004695502,0.000022127024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007863333,0.00009959249,0.000008903704,0.000102203056,0.00007536503,0.00022845024,0.00013580256,0.00008260347,0.00008045997],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000095194744,0.00027943772,0.0033055455,0.00041437914,0.00022956899,0.000024030456,0.0081695905,0.0034955933,0.6582057,0.0029677113,0.094462745,0.22835052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008897368,0.00044840478,0.093435846,0.0007101003,0.00013979324,0.00023288593,0.00013298079,0.8115225,0.057038747,0.00039437335,0.033766974,0.0012876583],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004322079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023700597,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8080269,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027106522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007427705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40612638},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2887157337","doi":"10.1007/s10291-018-0773-3","title":"State transformation extended Kalman filter for GPS/SINS tightly coupled integration","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National University of Defense Technology; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Extended Kalman filter; Control theory (sociology); Inertial navigation system; Kalman filter; Covariance; Invariant extended Kalman filter; Computer science; State vector; Global Positioning System; Navigation system; Estimator; Transformation (genetics); GPS/INS; Covariance matrix; Mathematics; Algorithm; Assisted GPS; Inertial frame of reference; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.02182128908386252,"score_gpt":0.24918567230950325,"score_spread":0.22736438322564073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2887157337","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14603065,0.000040878673,0.8472201,0.00027657222,0.0007222386,0.00047991564,0.00011461551,0.00041289954,0.0047021187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972054,0.00002037221,0.0017193331,0.0000466859,0.00027976074,0.000074071824,0.0003528755,0.000022397106,0.00027909962],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929404,0.0000131419765,0.00023435893,0.0001054127,0.0000971366,0.00025588056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963397,0.00002333865,0.000025672985,0.00012640047,0.00014098838,0.000049603113],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000105370775,0.00011300222,0.00009612362,0.00008540311,0.00026403795,0.000036277856,0.000060751732,0.000070122456,0.000084294414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016139222,0.000110138,0.000056672387,0.00015740664,0.000042639902,0.00033592485,0.0000040446803,0.00008110049,0.00012074531],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021024945,0.00019962473,0.000023681143,0.00017621784,0.00017928611,0.0000014258976,0.014400112,0.023659889,0.80694246,0.042774763,0.033712853,0.077719405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006560492,0.0001574436,0.0017521372,0.00003250887,0.000039750506,0.000003809879,0.00008492827,0.9300758,0.04818485,0.0035607223,0.015215811,0.00023614186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004807482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00050566456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90641594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009847965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013644756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44912973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898726493","doi":"10.1007/s10291-018-0799-6","title":"Real-time carrier phase multipath detection based on dual-frequency C/N0 data","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Science and Technology Innovation Plan Of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; China Scholarship Council; Central University Basic Research Fund of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Multipath propagation; Multipath mitigation; Computer science; Delay spread; Rake receiver; Algorithm; Electronic engineering; Reliability (semiconductor); Power (physics); Telecommunications; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.040323674867006845,"score_gpt":0.280711096107959,"score_spread":0.2403874212409522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2898726493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5808282,0.000108989334,0.25017807,0.00034108042,0.0029218842,0.00056856044,0.0039970903,0.0031933144,0.15786281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974637,0.000011773544,0.0017373358,0.000026622394,0.00023463437,0.000025294596,0.0003236965,0.000020169015,0.0001567663],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991802,0.00003201189,0.00016136702,0.0002334131,0.000116658215,0.00027632707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903244,0.000036974652,0.000022511422,0.00075135194,0.00006862615,0.0000881087],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000119790835,0.00012601128,0.00009540334,0.000097967,0.0002844381,0.00004007012,0.0001841975,0.00007708364,0.0002765028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000078034616,0.00013397203,0.00003248529,0.00016764009,0.000077757315,0.0001803406,0.000034585042,0.00014397495,0.00080508],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054280907,0.00047893298,0.00010107339,0.00005164,0.000091290116,0.000013054459,0.0007246055,0.013662074,0.9156372,0.0008250929,0.059012447,0.009348338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055382686,0.00027381186,0.00047304778,0.00007291125,0.000033349934,0.000008587327,0.00001707427,0.9807058,0.015335547,0.0001021862,0.0022100941,0.00021379089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002672945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012803076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9670437,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010100548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031464024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999729},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900721113","doi":"10.1007/s10291-018-0802-2","title":"Quality assessment of CNES real-time ionospheric products","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"GNSS applications; Precise Point Positioning; Ionosphere; Computer science; Satellite; Global Positioning System; VTEC; Total electron content; Remote sensing; Satellite system; Environmental science; Geodesy; Telecommunications; Geography; Geology; TEC; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.042590156010091855,"score_gpt":0.2998845786083918,"score_spread":0.25729442259829993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900721113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7288947,0.00008418849,0.021985583,0.00020190688,0.00061046955,0.00013827496,0.00003645641,0.00048459833,0.2475638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921011,0.000020496143,0.0070615606,0.0000053931444,0.00011244691,0.000012707544,0.000012430375,0.000008787261,0.0006651333],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994589,0.000027537426,0.00017161595,0.00010196087,0.00008401075,0.00015594257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995674,0.000020439784,0.00002790627,0.00022563052,0.00012830642,0.000030304522],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012800418,0.000066086744,0.000100634694,0.000021334063,0.0000942761,0.000011314766,0.00008151531,0.000032956243,0.0001535502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028898921,0.000067292174,0.000027268092,0.00016037759,0.00008513949,0.00007289872,0.000021774827,0.000058635673,0.00013338935],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000606826,0.00033165334,0.004147918,0.00022040065,0.00016149228,6.666688e-7,0.0013052428,0.0082336,0.8362519,0.06447388,0.08182838,0.0030387698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051940524,0.000409528,0.7850504,0.0002651759,0.00007018253,0.000014791209,0.00023384418,0.14662436,0.055150364,0.0032862683,0.007646742,0.0007289263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011432376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010436258,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7811016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049636612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033676093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2744095},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902899242","doi":"10.1007/s10291-018-0806-y","title":"Improvement of carrier phase tracking in high dynamics conditions using an adaptive joint vector tracking architecture","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Control theory (sociology); Robustness (evolution); GNSS applications; Computer science; Kalman filter; Extended Kalman filter; Covariance matrix; Tracking (education); Global Positioning System; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0422802098041424,"score_gpt":0.28437246560117435,"score_spread":0.24209225579703195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2902899242","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.810699,0.000038440423,0.18769516,0.000022648957,0.00028766622,0.00013502495,0.00056287006,0.00009979158,0.00045940623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99808484,0.0000022075978,0.0016519154,0.000012986053,0.000101884914,0.000019036459,0.00010028663,0.000020064948,0.0000067896162],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909884,0.000026553575,0.00029338163,0.00017045968,0.0001051153,0.00030568216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995403,0.000023771396,0.000053207375,0.00019679056,0.00011353604,0.00007235393],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009458514,0.0001383381,0.00017063566,0.00018633985,0.00018165493,0.000029247154,0.000093323695,0.000076191194,0.00005950798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025341558,0.00015433143,0.000055148117,0.00021723517,0.0001354278,0.00019173976,0.000021281783,0.00023370881,0.000003949567],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000311209,0.0005620744,0.00011643581,0.00006171224,0.00011499672,0.0000061986752,0.0056979004,0.3159173,0.65841806,0.012035083,0.000102715734,0.006936378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009689956,0.0007566028,0.0039722277,0.0003456852,0.000067393725,0.000022530041,0.0012185676,0.93412113,0.05598006,0.002164282,0.000022215705,0.00036028592],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043351087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001061688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6182038,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028230078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042822427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6293453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2907332737","doi":"10.1007/s10291-018-0820-0","title":"Estimation of GPS LNAV based on IGS products for real-time PPP","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer science; Global Positioning System; Real-time computing; Satellite; Precise Point Positioning; Orbit (dynamics); Orbit determination; Scalability; GNSS applications; Telecommunications; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.015948809603561185,"score_gpt":0.22683656669078772,"score_spread":0.21088775708722654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2907332737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70904213,0.00008328529,0.16011198,0.0009770005,0.0013112226,0.00144603,0.00037775768,0.0010680986,0.1255825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934958,0.0000024230212,0.0055600023,0.0000119786255,0.00003321758,0.00004205074,0.0001096938,0.000014512409,0.0007302817],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995289,0.000009614674,0.00012938066,0.00010947881,0.0000732969,0.00014932988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996184,0.000056464254,0.000025152822,0.00021399099,0.00006361229,0.000022375123],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007784094,0.00007234051,0.00009311121,0.00006602689,0.000051838004,0.000010916415,0.00006390658,0.000042057178,0.00004861943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058227673,0.000076082346,0.00003661612,0.00010202274,0.000016312257,0.00007024447,0.0000062029067,0.00005384191,0.00026221303],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015214592,0.000074479234,0.00004209013,0.00017475874,0.000018010254,8.925334e-8,0.00014361092,0.897889,0.07518315,0.0061280667,0.019243652,0.0010878805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020887204,0.0001263399,0.0016723907,0.00012739042,0.00001412101,7.8047054e-7,0.000007088137,0.97953,0.017593082,0.0002592878,0.00036757538,0.000093089824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019609939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014892557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28445372,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004780258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026139425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33703056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921801040","doi":"10.1007/s10291-019-0841-3","title":"LSWAVE: a MATLAB software for the least-squares wavelet and cross-wavelet analyses","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Carbon Management Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Wavelet; Series (stratigraphy); Least-squares function approximation; MATLAB; Preprocessor; Algorithm; Computer science; Software; Time series; Total least squares; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.054513797196894385,"score_gpt":0.2972940779797502,"score_spread":0.24278028078285582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2921801040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95206225,0.004292435,0.03574099,0.0026304885,0.00069130707,0.0007563133,0.0013417198,0.00023135143,0.0022531447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938283,0.0001012316,0.0012855533,0.00035231182,0.000113516355,0.0000062520053,0.00013505424,0.000004624236,0.0041731624],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896973,0.00004822283,0.00019256504,0.00026831147,0.00017910241,0.00034208415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905074,0.00041675003,0.00006969583,0.00026379328,0.00010259697,0.000096428754],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026012975,0.00013000186,0.00016958837,0.000098763725,0.0008014517,0.00021231848,0.0001483684,0.0000668679,0.0028484368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014930403,0.00008702879,0.00014256418,0.00043625114,0.00014562998,0.00017746203,0.000017239512,0.00012323036,0.0004812333],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014102687,0.00007228715,0.6934182,0.00012685101,0.00064661953,0.000006966091,0.0007106806,0.02700715,0.00035089228,0.000981692,0.012495552,0.2640421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046135363,0.00011837756,0.85230464,0.0000127361045,0.00012952709,0.000026506166,0.000579927,0.099706836,0.000064326574,0.0006801892,0.045674913,0.00024069221],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013639408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042920653,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26380143,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000038389217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045859262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980631},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944475298","doi":"10.1007/s10291-019-0859-6","title":"A new datum jump detection and mitigation method of Real-Time Service (RTS) clock products","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Geodetic datum; GNSS applications; Precise Point Positioning; Computer science; Satellite; Satellite system; Real-time computing; Orbit (dynamics); Clock drift; Geodesy; Global Positioning System; Clock synchronization; Engineering; Geography; Aerospace engineering; Telecommunications; Synchronization (alternating current)","score_opus":0.011489090041792641,"score_gpt":0.22627033909541572,"score_spread":0.21478124905362309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2944475298","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79628396,0.00031610814,0.17398329,0.000573852,0.0008801616,0.0005970861,0.000040415915,0.00061405974,0.026711049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.982309,0.000021289397,0.01680107,0.000013088106,0.00006345191,0.000013074543,0.000021132702,0.000013803496,0.00074407936],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99950737,0.000025771331,0.00013194759,0.00013469638,0.00006838084,0.0001318427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996367,0.000025328352,0.00002903349,0.00018094166,0.00008496805,0.000043020216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009266476,0.00007548583,0.00009734555,0.000051607585,0.000053104126,0.000015976906,0.00005163049,0.00005550222,0.000043820444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018350684,0.000083641644,0.000017528037,0.00021920688,0.0000086343025,0.00015156128,0.0000214023,0.000087186316,0.00013416748],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005240495,0.000012340797,0.000055228484,0.00012390561,0.000028416633,9.3342855e-8,0.00046263583,0.013091309,0.9792645,0.0012107948,0.00251781,0.0032277554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055337814,0.000154138,0.019309508,0.00030057336,0.00010398465,0.00005943241,0.00014704243,0.73028946,0.24292609,0.0016592403,0.004119336,0.00037779825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00056581653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005385917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7363384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033386365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002439367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34108073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2958153760","doi":"10.1007/s10291-019-0887-2","title":"FCB estimation with three different PPP models: equivalence analysis and experiment tests","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Precise Point Positioning; Ambiguity resolution; Equivalence (formal languages); Mathematics; Pseudorange; Computer science; GNSS applications; Global Positioning System; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.023841215313045463,"score_gpt":0.22793822029034963,"score_spread":0.20409700497730415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2958153760","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.57957965,0.00027407383,0.41738153,0.000027163416,0.000042627325,0.00007592212,0.000007795702,0.00012668925,0.0024845602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996101,0.000024494682,0.0037079025,0.000006759789,0.0000089995,0.00003781982,0.000018704042,0.000009368095,0.00008492724],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99946654,0.000007521651,0.00010339416,0.00014501714,0.00010269941,0.0001748363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996831,0.00002169219,0.000017033108,0.00019857804,0.00002817946,0.000051429757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000028621267,0.00010315287,0.00011976376,0.00009606575,0.00008427509,0.000045348756,0.00006274916,0.000032084103,0.000044152475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000027754002,0.00008717625,0.00003184465,0.00017467947,0.000030580857,0.00016354451,0.000027155576,0.000074828684,0.00003198889],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000061430974,0.000056523462,0.0070795873,0.0000379514,0.00026590264,5.7613425e-7,0.0007218507,0.9747356,0.0073016463,0.008211726,0.0001298317,0.0014526675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000117649506,0.00005571475,0.039039932,0.00005320708,0.00010528904,0.000003154811,0.00003833286,0.9585512,0.0009609962,0.0009489431,0.0000047893327,0.00012078646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049557795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000100626596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4165214,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005859958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006258274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35549444},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2960207522","doi":"10.1007/s10291-019-0891-6","title":"Pivot single-difference ambiguity resolution for multi-GNSS positioning with non-overlapping frequencies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ambiguity resolution; GNSS applications; Ambiguity; Multipath propagation; Multipath mitigation; Computer science; Precise Point Positioning; Algorithm; Global Positioning System; Kinematics; Estimator; Geodesy; Real-time computing; Mathematics; Geography; Telecommunications; Statistics; Physics","score_opus":0.044025039927375206,"score_gpt":0.23418520647052163,"score_spread":0.19016016654314644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2960207522","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38451958,0.00014320023,0.6067456,0.00006500163,0.00040913437,0.00037643823,0.000063031184,0.00044714377,0.0072308816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9780749,0.000008829628,0.020883737,0.000043515152,0.000073694864,0.00011695346,0.00007985553,0.000034782435,0.0006837106],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988181,0.000021118733,0.00023283763,0.0002800819,0.00015068271,0.0004972042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934673,0.00006329496,0.00005274847,0.0002983372,0.0001559213,0.00008293641],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011655869,0.00020492842,0.0001982381,0.000111499874,0.00038398698,0.00011007843,0.0001704224,0.000106623665,0.000025392368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032382235,0.00020651179,0.000078158824,0.00019814579,0.00007624035,0.00027042502,0.00003271755,0.0002142119,0.00009662965],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000067639274,0.00030773424,0.0034326466,0.00039184678,0.00021229891,0.0000028611396,0.0021542984,0.1392014,0.8306063,0.019387608,0.0025139663,0.0017214133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015898199,0.000580299,0.048795275,0.001080479,0.00009290639,0.000053234155,0.00050914823,0.9280296,0.017168147,0.0007390535,0.0005267686,0.0008352593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014894363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015108284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8134381,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027071254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004054729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8421306},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970146513","doi":"10.1007/s10291-019-0907-2","title":"CASSIOPE orbit and attitude determination using commercial off-the-shelf GPS receivers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Space Agency; Canadian Space Agency; University of Calgary","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Pseudorange; Spacecraft; Orbit determination; Orbit (dynamics); Geodesy; Computer science; Remote sensing; Aerospace engineering; GNSS applications; Telecommunications; Engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.031045467200335308,"score_gpt":0.24874148081846104,"score_spread":0.21769601361812574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2970146513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9805115,0.00024743757,0.007880089,0.0001957579,0.0005614181,0.00019619337,0.000018905552,0.000143746,0.010244987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99896526,0.000035763387,0.00064917107,0.000037789032,0.000052686835,0.00001017742,0.000009459707,0.000011851794,0.0002278653],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995172,0.000022905457,0.000105833526,0.00010158249,0.00007370773,0.00017879203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997269,0.00003865261,0.000018904166,0.00014249275,0.000035141293,0.000037930753],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000072234674,0.00008231347,0.00007834742,0.00004799141,0.0002430566,0.000048811067,0.00008221446,0.00005448545,0.000056485274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013768309,0.00007602862,0.000027790968,0.000089919275,0.000048914248,0.00015308491,0.000034607285,0.00014005807,0.00009250183],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010249366,0.00048792918,0.06761342,0.0007201333,0.0005826464,0.000033859702,0.021027425,0.28135374,0.33215824,0.031708557,0.052691896,0.21151966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071715476,0.000116521434,0.107377395,0.00032912867,0.00010168469,0.00012826336,0.00043176184,0.8717743,0.002411477,0.0003672876,0.015694588,0.0005504385],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000923813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000083602026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59042054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000846258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001458411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3100357},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2983534366","doi":"10.1007/s10291-019-0922-3","title":"Real-time precise point positioning with a low-cost dual-frequency GNSS device","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trusted Positioning (Canada); University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Global Positioning System; Precise Point Positioning; Computer science; GPS signals; Remote sensing; Real-time computing; Telecommunications; Assisted GPS; Geography","score_opus":0.008938884498918548,"score_gpt":0.20850641169640094,"score_spread":0.19956752719748239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2983534366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79033625,0.00010297799,0.008621908,0.00023016162,0.00029995912,0.00041795825,0.000076803306,0.0009107859,0.19900319],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951999,0.000034159966,0.0033704164,0.0000301032,0.00006433136,0.00007841323,0.000091279966,0.000039699727,0.0010916603],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989828,0.000027653117,0.0002057898,0.00022585018,0.00015081545,0.00040710217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934983,0.000049066864,0.000034993773,0.00035592026,0.00010260905,0.000107594315],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009383231,0.00017596694,0.000163828,0.0000982399,0.00019114692,0.00008217049,0.00012285939,0.000078288766,0.0004152188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013022082,0.00017300581,0.000054722383,0.0002410881,0.00004067635,0.00032430486,0.0000307052,0.00021073512,0.0023837495],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000100924015,0.00055486115,0.006584218,0.000525079,0.00056670536,0.000067014764,0.005685082,0.28869286,0.6295068,0.037689023,0.028124481,0.0019029295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007397434,0.0019071328,0.12669931,0.010480591,0.00079623103,0.0019653505,0.0016978364,0.7651645,0.064688265,0.0073994817,0.005230418,0.0065734256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020049271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005349555,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56481856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017117323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045914636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997541274","doi":"10.1007/s10291-019-0944-x","title":"A BDS-3 B1C/B2a dual-frequency joint tracking architecture based on adaptive Kalman filter and extended integration time","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Baseband; Kalman filter; Sensitivity (control systems); SIGNAL (programming language); Control theory (sociology); Real-time computing; Electronic engineering; Bandwidth (computing); Engineering; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.036396819447906376,"score_gpt":0.21450973891568198,"score_spread":0.1781129194677756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2997541274","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10477606,0.00039007072,0.8452132,0.005598206,0.00033893652,0.0005393753,0.0002453118,0.0014180389,0.041480817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99636024,0.0000056190643,0.0030689007,0.00031370777,0.000098581906,0.000031189233,0.000052488693,0.000022076929,0.000047216614],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926096,0.000040157913,0.00016709781,0.0002040285,0.000108664164,0.00021908956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996581,0.000032709937,0.000025205358,0.00013710697,0.000042117637,0.000104727624],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005377626,0.00015688798,0.0001334711,0.000081318314,0.00015228312,0.0000475385,0.000057585698,0.00007119388,0.00013482459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006328609,0.0001502529,0.000058126025,0.00013365428,0.000047237725,0.00010109254,0.000016272748,0.00032370602,0.000111382564],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014596609,0.00032334667,0.00007946181,0.00015740057,0.00015742003,0.00004648834,0.0131439185,0.29865366,0.6157463,0.019350389,0.02168734,0.0305083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037828847,0.00044347666,0.005450719,0.00029082363,0.000039782255,0.000018721854,0.00010703875,0.9833341,0.007432924,0.0019071829,0.000270725,0.00032616913],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020046917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89158416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059062357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019159272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6127136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005186558","doi":"10.1007/s10291-020-0958-4","title":"Integrity monitoring of carrier phase-based ephemeris fault detection","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ephemeris; Fault (geology); Fault detection and isolation; False alarm; Computer science; Algorithm; Real-time computing; Engineering; Geology; Artificial intelligence; Seismology","score_opus":0.050981858519849654,"score_gpt":0.2707862472945127,"score_spread":0.21980438877466307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3005186558","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64776015,0.00020528818,0.3487095,0.00017158203,0.00050621823,0.00007937251,0.00011644122,0.0004211443,0.0020302853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99906665,0.000007207562,0.0007763006,0.000015134418,0.000092397975,0.000016713404,0.000010245947,0.000008934446,0.000006403677],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995298,0.000014193031,0.00014538753,0.000091746966,0.000077694735,0.00014118788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973756,0.000017757364,0.000020071277,0.000097025906,0.00005773598,0.00006985247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003311841,0.000076597615,0.0000935826,0.000034843793,0.000083117,0.000012070577,0.00007053042,0.000053413285,0.000036776193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004711902,0.000085161904,0.00005561065,0.00016985965,0.000029471868,0.00007144056,0.000010075536,0.00020857382,0.000025386387],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028042632,0.00010265773,0.0014022713,0.00013991719,0.00008027153,0.0000015281311,0.0015033032,0.0864157,0.89505553,0.00020414636,0.0026636892,0.012402952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005255814,0.00017732962,0.0012671564,0.000075638665,0.00003805154,0.0000018528218,0.0003095092,0.31761155,0.6778557,0.000044779375,0.001907537,0.00018534176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000555856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048503034,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3513065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004580951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015939166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34728017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3090924458","doi":"10.1007/s10291-020-01034-6","title":"Understanding long-term variations in GPS differential code biases","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Satellite; Geodetic datum; Geodesy; Global Positioning System; Block (permutation group theory); Computer science; Mathematics; Geology; Physics; Telecommunications; Geometry","score_opus":0.18641858772741995,"score_gpt":0.2716227144459347,"score_spread":0.08520412671851477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3090924458","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14298141,0.00010862875,0.8481767,0.0007727471,0.0003974468,0.0001117871,0.00010084271,0.0004685752,0.006881857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995188,0.000031145,0.00017321119,0.000047451005,0.00009734317,0.000018042103,0.000063692045,0.000015607153,0.000034699267],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936676,0.000020864461,0.00016662196,0.00012980623,0.000080204125,0.00023574346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973094,0.000057331315,0.000015232564,0.000100291094,0.000013533262,0.00008266447],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024662448,0.000097201286,0.000102452555,0.00007844484,0.0001456656,0.000056599503,0.000099156365,0.00005360345,0.000190069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004993284,0.00011073438,0.00004331048,0.00022056876,0.000031175343,0.00012062053,0.000030761934,0.0001736573,0.00009083736],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054577537,0.0006622254,0.06983278,0.00037176092,0.00046252515,0.00006716152,0.014067567,0.45897588,0.053235378,0.35727626,0.04383194,0.0011619508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010278183,0.00010681914,0.14540268,0.00037759333,0.00008613155,0.000016621898,0.0003354945,0.8483988,0.0012265733,0.0022174541,0.00019204862,0.0006119456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020013611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001877518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8565374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015390913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018109797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4515617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3130369810","doi":"10.1007/s10291-021-01086-2","title":"A linear Kalman filter-based integrity monitoring considering colored measurement noise","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Kalman filter; Noise (video); Control theory (sociology); Gaussian noise; Computer science; White noise; False alarm; Algorithm; Covariance; Colors of noise; Engineering; Filter (signal processing); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Statistics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.09704589242049315,"score_gpt":0.26306661716755053,"score_spread":0.16602072474705737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3130369810","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7211718,0.0022265068,0.25088,0.0009055018,0.0031982376,0.0002872719,0.00008714577,0.0018177457,0.019425776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927657,0.00001722602,0.0069156615,0.000027140366,0.00013154857,0.000048805898,0.0000146235025,0.000019918494,0.00005936374],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999085,0.00003780606,0.00020124846,0.00017329701,0.00019699898,0.00030562142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936986,0.00003820654,0.000018900653,0.00024789377,0.00022912692,0.00009600003],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014066747,0.00013283198,0.00013626211,0.000058734287,0.00021435636,0.000052701096,0.00008903851,0.00007380332,0.000067072244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013987836,0.00015433024,0.00007838947,0.00016753818,0.000038408936,0.00008411743,0.000035614754,0.00032540035,0.00008515048],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022306787,0.00043716648,0.006806205,0.00031478962,0.00031847254,0.000087903325,0.001271889,0.3344191,0.63924754,0.0024310602,0.012564156,0.0020794105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011031228,0.0001014199,0.01713308,0.0011905748,0.000117171236,0.00005434595,0.00060151797,0.4013082,0.5695873,0.00049178686,0.007535137,0.0007763313],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048513764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006204006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2715939,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002497747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001080774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6293404},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3148883980","doi":"10.1007/s10291-021-01119-w","title":"Enhanced fault detection and exclusion based on Kalman filter with colored measurement noise and application to RTK","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Chinese Government Scholarship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"GNSS applications; Kalman filter; Fault detection and isolation; Computer science; False alarm; Algorithm; Real-time computing; Noise (video); Engineering; Control theory (sociology); Global Positioning System; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.014423602063269779,"score_gpt":0.20875490261003818,"score_spread":0.1943313005467684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3148883980","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31193516,0.000059546815,0.68530095,0.00021289842,0.000055147822,0.00015899506,0.000007376708,0.000115632865,0.002154295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99855405,0.000009213748,0.0011592135,0.000083926876,0.000020682135,0.000120518715,0.000010542507,0.000009729523,0.000032137366],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951124,0.000016016906,0.00007785233,0.00015910603,0.00011713089,0.000118629345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996899,0.00001258268,0.000011135672,0.00012687173,0.000096778924,0.000062739935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000058580164,0.000078095625,0.00006392897,0.000039314586,0.00017755372,0.000030009154,0.000022712324,0.00003647576,0.000007684358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017305654,0.0000763295,0.000010402255,0.00011735243,0.000017168679,0.0000446114,0.0000151832655,0.00007025557,0.000012101923],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003404101,0.000045626857,0.000037136866,0.000031256845,0.00001316479,6.611906e-7,0.0002895314,0.06787348,0.9230199,0.00014712304,0.00020008071,0.008308038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006995046,0.00034692534,0.031710368,0.00025034943,0.000041473882,0.000011794385,0.00012458203,0.5557552,0.40955248,0.00009109712,0.0011348557,0.0002813648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019959027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028558561,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68661886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008942128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013055625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31126267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213118626","doi":"10.1007/pl00012857","title":"GPS on the Web","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Geodesy; Computer science; Environmental science; Aeronautics; Engineering; Geography; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0745729967324873,"score_gpt":0.30352906415788183,"score_spread":0.22895606742539454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4213118626","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03297947,0.00009950816,0.00016568504,0.03777189,0.00053869595,0.00024440084,0.000007813013,0.00014472753,0.92804784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99041784,0.00019243054,0.000017368811,0.0006467552,0.00019472976,0.00005284253,0.0000012325634,0.0000025169081,0.008474264],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915344,0.00008802063,0.00012994456,0.00006612264,0.00028193,0.00028052359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949104,0.00015735607,0.000049763432,0.00015905133,0.00010185871,0.000040949653],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069785904,0.000051464624,0.00005771976,0.00006374715,0.0026895748,0.00005207916,0.00016615078,0.000040183197,0.00035277725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020946712,0.00003609713,0.00005953605,0.0004896421,0.00027072,0.000111110196,0.00003308351,0.0000845259,0.0013038807],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011051761,0.000016128974,0.003520996,7.7057143e-7,0.000015291305,4.8728754e-7,0.011458526,0.000018801215,0.0000034215705,0.9045275,0.08007623,0.00036076806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006198188,0.000008579048,0.0077318433,0.000008077654,0.000004956798,0.0000012159729,0.0224093,0.000044921864,5.7752686e-7,0.003370083,0.96629846,0.00006001523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010761763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004846851,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9574384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004704912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006504498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220982227","doi":"10.1007/s10291-022-01246-y","title":"Effect of the polar cap ionospheric sporadic-E layer on GNSS-based positioning: a case study at Resolute Bay, Canada, September 5, 2012","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Scintillation; Precise Point Positioning; Interplanetary scintillation; Polar; Ionosphere; Global Positioning System; Geodesy; Environmental science; Amplitude; Remote sensing; Physics; Detector; Geology; Computer science; Telecommunications; Optics; Geophysics; Plasma","score_opus":0.011609296935788462,"score_gpt":0.22159483437910277,"score_spread":0.2099855374433143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220982227","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929897,0.00030093038,0.00017869582,0.0001243635,0.0006610535,0.0004102251,0.00024185429,0.000105202635,0.0049879835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982016,4.3111137e-7,0.000026264137,0.00007725862,0.000034172434,0.00015029084,0.000027497794,0.000029996572,0.0014524771],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866176,0.00028390897,0.00023098351,0.00019444534,0.00031017748,0.0003187285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992397,0.00013762013,0.000058941958,0.00044544667,0.00003601941,0.00008226689],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002484749,0.00017448692,0.00017883253,0.00004815476,0.0010217624,0.000016733837,0.00019391096,0.00003430865,0.00048846874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015497464,0.00015326955,0.00010100361,0.00033630387,0.000042287433,0.0000539415,0.00010462458,0.00034713798,0.000019798385],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000077089695,0.0003708049,0.012800782,0.00006992021,0.00020471068,0.00039004558,0.0009183147,0.7894496,0.002805596,0.00018081561,0.19259319,0.00013914007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012081439,0.010633959,0.13310814,0.000757773,0.0021147893,0.007650994,0.0057915216,0.69535786,0.029730683,0.00008447318,0.09874819,0.0039401557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.103910916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.18291117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12030736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007554865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013635028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9020562},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235647459","doi":"10.1007/pl00012880","title":"GPS on the Web","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Geodesy; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Computer science; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0745729967324873,"score_gpt":0.30352906415788183,"score_spread":0.22895606742539454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4235647459","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03297947,0.00009950816,0.00016568504,0.03777189,0.00053869595,0.00024440084,0.000007813013,0.00014472753,0.92804784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99041784,0.00019243054,0.000017368811,0.0006467552,0.00019472976,0.00005284253,0.0000012325634,0.0000025169081,0.008474264],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915344,0.00008802063,0.00012994456,0.00006612264,0.00028193,0.00028052359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949104,0.00015735607,0.000049763432,0.00015905133,0.00010185871,0.000040949653],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069785904,0.000051464624,0.00005771976,0.00006374715,0.0026895748,0.00005207916,0.00016615078,0.000040183197,0.00035277725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020946712,0.00003609713,0.00005953605,0.0004896421,0.00027072,0.000111110196,0.00003308351,0.0000845259,0.0013038807],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011051761,0.000016128974,0.003520996,7.7057143e-7,0.000015291305,4.8728754e-7,0.011458526,0.000018801215,0.0000034215705,0.9045275,0.08007623,0.00036076806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006198188,0.000008579048,0.0077318433,0.000008077654,0.000004956798,0.0000012159729,0.0224093,0.000044921864,5.7752686e-7,0.003370083,0.96629846,0.00006001523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010761763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004846851,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9574384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004704912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006504498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297273456","doi":"10.1007/s10291-022-01305-4","title":"Improving GNSS baseband using an RTK-position-aided code tracking algorithm","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"GNSS applications; Multipath propagation; Pseudorange; Baseband; Computer science; Non-line-of-sight propagation; Multipath mitigation; Real-time computing; Algorithm; Global Positioning System; Code (set theory); Carrier recovery; Electronic engineering; Channel (broadcasting); Telecommunications; Engineering; Demodulation; Wireless","score_opus":0.039590002766863905,"score_gpt":0.24729258066721335,"score_spread":0.20770257790034946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297273456","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23092148,0.0003752027,0.7640186,0.00006417395,0.000985295,0.00016704347,0.0003835608,0.0007706606,0.0023139834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894623,0.0000041034377,0.010029492,0.00005815878,0.00014096839,0.00005235567,0.00012973322,0.00003742517,0.00008543007],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895614,0.00006484681,0.0002153017,0.00021216764,0.00017520736,0.00037633986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995533,0.000029501613,0.00003657267,0.00023438738,0.00005029169,0.00009590447],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017544856,0.00013872696,0.0001233566,0.00012938757,0.0011504426,0.000098853794,0.00016636329,0.000042545456,0.00023522793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012290193,0.00017748565,0.000064907304,0.00023404563,0.000036122998,0.00035343555,0.00006943614,0.00033533442,0.000014426307],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005980345,0.00021320945,0.00012505673,0.00003835716,0.00006683046,0.000021445883,0.0014947747,0.8272698,0.15021962,0.001524094,0.0016723765,0.017348487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002124557,0.00006801967,0.00035572483,0.000026111114,0.00003847597,0.0001264131,0.0004347338,0.99445057,0.0032592646,0.00025660513,0.00052505656,0.00024654923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002486655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003506395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75854087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003175471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004629571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8848391},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321235117","doi":"10.1007/s10291-023-01410-y","title":"Assessment of Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) test signals and preliminary positioning performance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Horizon 2020; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Galileo (satellite navigation); Global Positioning System; GNSS applications; Computer science; Geodesy; Precise Point Positioning; Satellite; Service (business); Convergence (economics); Remote sensing; Real-time computing; Telecommunications; Geography; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.03058041565369217,"score_gpt":0.25994615820191275,"score_spread":0.22936574254822056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321235117","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905866,0.00013298898,0.0029685562,0.00036120578,0.00015112942,0.0001100111,0.0000765974,0.00041352145,0.00519941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99878734,0.00013083691,0.000797823,0.000031258558,0.000037782043,0.000045802568,0.00007645956,0.000014986024,0.00007772507],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935645,0.000014070143,0.00018514504,0.000118120166,0.00010736864,0.00021884812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995056,0.000179917,0.000033406228,0.00014952298,0.00008306153,0.000048504913],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010106108,0.000096621705,0.00011029972,0.000102189064,0.00025570393,0.000038095197,0.000091089125,0.00004750111,0.00004348739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028331788,0.00010635813,0.000022947643,0.0003437904,0.000039234837,0.00021698355,0.00005718468,0.00012950126,0.000052987936],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013143943,0.00023709131,0.018739674,0.0010968485,0.00017160745,0.0000080340615,0.002142273,0.65993476,0.29229724,0.006218854,0.01595729,0.0031831674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017322978,0.00013121357,0.5054226,0.00032373285,0.000030684394,0.000017580744,0.00011580134,0.48956817,0.0037875767,0.0001581458,0.00012300481,0.00014825688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005508667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006346188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48668292,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037443155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029080715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43371588},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379883272","doi":"10.1007/s10291-023-01472-y","title":"Solution separation-based integrity monitoring for RTK positioning with faulty ambiguity detection and protection level","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ambiguity resolution; Computer science; Reliability (semiconductor); Correctness; Pseudorange; Ambiguity; Multipath propagation; Reliability engineering; Real-time computing; Kinematics; Accuracy and precision; Algorithm; Global Positioning System; Engineering; Mathematics; GNSS applications; Statistics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.09620167600038255,"score_gpt":0.294173816438095,"score_spread":0.19797214043771244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379883272","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30132696,0.000027973021,0.6967494,0.00012798885,0.00032342479,0.00033918477,0.00004970469,0.0007995446,0.00025581665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963965,0.000007956623,0.0027613288,0.000005671365,0.00013849861,0.0005262796,0.000058755984,0.000023163942,0.00008185291],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919057,0.000028079472,0.0001666966,0.00020692813,0.00011839555,0.0002893137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958324,0.000046774203,0.00003597397,0.00012539288,0.00014903277,0.00005956952],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019659191,0.00013850286,0.000105819076,0.00016490399,0.0007818319,0.0000951529,0.000047445006,0.00010853562,0.0000023647465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050922274,0.00014510905,0.000041648425,0.0003536678,0.000049003906,0.0002677093,0.000012789142,0.00024458242,0.00001859851],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018017089,0.00012488336,0.0020889812,0.00045385055,0.00016758748,0.0000019528832,0.0012527787,0.44403115,0.52204525,0.0015685993,0.0009363471,0.027148433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046996865,0.00019678038,0.051806863,0.00018737152,0.000040842253,0.000012943784,0.00014106114,0.90416163,0.042082913,0.00049900654,0.00015926684,0.00024137743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002449891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023153328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69506955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020499551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032467375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6013298},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382982005","doi":"10.1007/s10291-023-01504-7","title":"An efficient pixel shader-based ray-tracing method for correcting GNSS non-line-of-sight error with large-scale surfaces","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"GNSS applications; Ray tracing (physics); Shader; Non-line-of-sight propagation; Computer science; Pixel; Tracing; Distributed ray tracing; Satellite system; Algorithm; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Global Positioning System; Optics; Rendering (computer graphics); Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.035356462041551635,"score_gpt":0.30367678808377163,"score_spread":0.26832032604222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382982005","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31651872,0.00003601651,0.68195546,0.00004525602,0.00032358643,0.00017662844,0.0000894051,0.00039011627,0.0004648247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94041157,0.000001214039,0.05919735,0.000012827514,0.000052821142,0.00008588757,0.00008701692,0.000037070888,0.00011426211],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989218,0.00003602839,0.00023692081,0.00022703438,0.00013254934,0.00044566236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929154,0.00022469898,0.000051079583,0.00023221718,0.00011720337,0.00008327334],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039674414,0.0001536579,0.00019873229,0.00015179615,0.0003481203,0.000037343896,0.0001400118,0.000075010976,0.000016257682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038913473,0.00014578416,0.00007487868,0.00043520163,0.000034001903,0.000079481404,0.000016627238,0.00016195553,0.000018902361],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012602924,0.0000692678,0.00015057604,0.00008566062,0.000022744178,4.945518e-7,0.0014778761,0.9780777,0.019404503,0.000060041115,0.00039228113,0.00024624093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004021308,0.0001584608,0.0008347004,0.00020488407,0.00004149464,0.0000035791572,0.0014119159,0.97761065,0.018994521,0.000016257582,0.00013603282,0.00018538245],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000052177358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015686618,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62389284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051835825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004500931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5944905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385783758","doi":"10.1007/s10291-023-01518-1","title":"Exploring the role of PPP–RTK network configuration: a balance of server budget and user performance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministero della transizione ecologica","keywords":"Computer science; Convergence (economics); Precise Point Positioning; Ambiguity resolution; Dilution of precision; Real-time computing; Computation; A priori and a posteriori; Global Positioning System; Simulation; GNSS applications; Telecommunications; Algorithm","score_opus":0.03769295490645542,"score_gpt":0.2051649294894225,"score_spread":0.1674719745829671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385783758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933218,0.00036397498,0.0007832224,0.00007365782,0.00019334891,0.000058658847,0.0000103175835,0.000106019754,0.0050889966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993511,0.00032855864,0.00008724554,0.0000059532263,0.000054788063,0.000034305358,0.0000077712475,0.000006943363,0.00012337179],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995986,0.000011145936,0.00012762396,0.00005835111,0.00006419998,0.00014007739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975216,0.000037567777,0.00002142477,0.00013180189,0.000039064736,0.000017989336],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000089163674,0.000053160435,0.000075745826,0.000025030811,0.00010457879,0.000009427794,0.00006949946,0.000018091385,0.000012581187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008419472,0.00004556311,0.000020467702,0.00021566586,0.000048022946,0.00014761211,0.000024197017,0.00007295869,0.000019696703],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016233716,0.000032194028,0.031225776,0.00025583405,0.00014069273,6.597364e-7,0.0046968316,0.87288666,0.02151195,0.05412924,0.010524725,0.004579186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023791238,0.00007620161,0.4508915,0.000387285,0.000033804823,0.000008379376,0.00070555205,0.521084,0.017401444,0.00075371395,0.008214687,0.00020550717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001859479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010167127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41966572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008539186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007549485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18580097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391493580","doi":"10.1007/s10291-023-01596-1","title":"Improving PPP smartphone processing with adaptive quality control method in obstructed environments when carrier-phase measurements are missing","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Pseudorange; GNSS applications; Multipath propagation; Multipath mitigation; Computer science; Real-time computing; Root mean square; Ranging; Percentile; Global Positioning System; Simulation; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Statistics; Telecommunications; Mathematics; Channel (broadcasting); Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.05515810627466763,"score_gpt":0.2915880561124604,"score_spread":0.23642994983779278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391493580","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06031872,0.0021418203,0.9354284,0.000106570646,0.00026847547,0.00025977,0.00017727219,0.00036441127,0.0009345836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98773736,0.0000027439369,0.011995955,0.00002171403,0.00003964395,0.00006805732,0.000024933155,0.000029281035,0.00008029729],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865705,0.00011404713,0.00030950518,0.00030101454,0.00023486829,0.0003835093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958223,0.00005910223,0.000052833202,0.00017184256,0.00003449366,0.00009951922],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032591444,0.00019820142,0.00022156331,0.00013003193,0.00020013742,0.00013225744,0.000100537894,0.000081835155,0.000025387442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005136987,0.0001923063,0.0000445755,0.00020313215,0.00005667852,0.000320308,0.000020177169,0.0003223611,0.000014448416],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023865548,0.0005201544,0.006621426,0.0010881525,0.0008010754,0.000096628915,0.013555829,0.12373774,0.62889695,0.00053393765,0.00089839695,0.22301103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032546811,0.00017095017,0.016200919,0.002111003,0.00022242895,0.000043051117,0.0013630488,0.96227103,0.012409253,0.0005594699,0.00057342846,0.00082071713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002439689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011296686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92741865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039535513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007237463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7842023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392747467","doi":"10.1007/s10291-023-01606-2","title":"A modified adaptive factor-based Kalman filter for continuous urban navigation with low-cost sensors","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ocean Networks Canada Society; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"GNSS applications; Kalman filter; Computer science; Real Time Kinematic; Real-time computing; Kinematics; Metre; Adaptive filter; Key (lock); Global Positioning System; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.026890566154860747,"score_gpt":0.23517371117502503,"score_spread":0.2082831450201643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392747467","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29250562,0.00021349746,0.69986755,0.00014837776,0.0004718576,0.0005575812,0.0006589721,0.0010258562,0.004550701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99796784,0.0000014092401,0.0010591134,0.000018570438,0.00008678982,0.00020873881,0.00017316984,0.000032496402,0.00045188068],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993546,0.000013053412,0.00012588942,0.00017104039,0.00008320739,0.00025222608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965256,0.00007341756,0.000013091335,0.00013439302,0.00006917782,0.000057344303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003592148,0.00013205112,0.00010633898,0.00007641609,0.00013164702,0.000079686244,0.00006099521,0.00006376051,0.000022128479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008224031,0.00012082986,0.0000639256,0.0001295124,0.000043208136,0.000121283905,0.000005912859,0.0001492032,0.000058975707],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012843651,0.00014063972,0.00016650994,0.0004657816,0.00036579295,0.00002310602,0.003997986,0.9018425,0.014414327,0.029609416,0.045516096,0.0033294072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003326135,0.00012972493,0.0006060617,0.0005374896,0.000045435427,0.0000086718455,0.000106436484,0.99086374,0.0048132082,0.00019525681,0.0021183589,0.00024299225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002991754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001656063,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7054622,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010662872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033408232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4927299},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395082577","doi":"10.1007/s10291-024-01651-5","title":"Enhancing smartphone precise point positioning to sub-meter accuracy in suburban environments: a new stochastic model and outlier diagnosis","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; York University","keywords":"Outlier; Computer science; Point (geometry); Metre; Anomaly detection; Smartphone application; Real-time computing; Simulation; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Multimedia","score_opus":0.013688023887563712,"score_gpt":0.22192637185781786,"score_spread":0.20823834797025415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395082577","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21501487,0.0015715056,0.78201365,0.00038265792,0.00017638734,0.00024996014,0.00002617652,0.000442472,0.00012232426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966022,0.00016577322,0.0027434228,0.000061764506,0.000039204053,0.00018130464,0.000015567699,0.000035460835,0.00015534805],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990843,0.000010658671,0.00023674862,0.00023214743,0.00010668566,0.00032945714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996079,0.00010756806,0.000010726097,0.00017668564,0.0000071024683,0.000090021436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000090818576,0.00015369884,0.00013781051,0.0003114949,0.00010188532,0.00009346437,0.00008469297,0.00009484013,0.000038247093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012456623,0.00016664476,0.000040716983,0.00032520707,0.000029414572,0.00027285967,0.00008536544,0.00018114579,0.00009104254],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000052656883,0.000029664572,0.00015240886,0.000049525395,0.000037317146,0.000009126889,0.003130135,0.9602002,0.025101013,0.0013912749,0.0039999345,0.005894159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045815116,0.000055443128,0.0016711222,0.0005618022,0.000074576645,0.000017013446,0.00045120195,0.95407236,0.036240052,0.0051580435,0.0006621624,0.00057810376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045919878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024431458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78158724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022566531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002455032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6795576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399708644","doi":"10.1007/s10291-024-01689-5","title":"Precise positioning utilizing smartphone GNSS/IMU integration with the combination of Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) corrections and broadcast ephemerides","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Galileo (satellite navigation); Ephemeris; Inertial measurement unit; Computer science; Service (business); Remote sensing; Global Positioning System; Engineering; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Aerospace engineering; Satellite; Business","score_opus":0.021475994532590234,"score_gpt":0.22402074752520126,"score_spread":0.20254475299261104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399708644","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8149911,0.0021129702,0.17286871,0.0021206734,0.0009931307,0.00037946846,0.00010387845,0.0007420105,0.005688032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99891317,0.00011044296,0.00061135634,0.000027435324,0.000053961572,0.000074969925,0.00009234601,0.00002306856,0.00009326154],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992761,0.00003904421,0.00020558755,0.00016694766,0.00013108719,0.00018121433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993826,0.00020091215,0.000038874132,0.00016874475,0.00016799607,0.00004086513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001240838,0.00013930742,0.000117065014,0.0001232104,0.00045739912,0.00019256928,0.00008798365,0.00005482752,0.000041628853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033912434,0.000111365414,0.000034092303,0.0005240841,0.00010208928,0.00042466578,0.000027904167,0.00023936814,0.000021948474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016419162,0.00059981056,0.0009791618,0.0014017076,0.0010794087,0.000012456654,0.044498246,0.17465091,0.47147632,0.15435316,0.035392795,0.11539185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076599576,0.00038209665,0.020397313,0.0030037072,0.00042292933,0.0002143395,0.0057727788,0.9124203,0.050482363,0.0022516076,0.0032104473,0.00067613187],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044470665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003865061,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73776937,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007725446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003902982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45413497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401969161","doi":"10.1007/s10291-024-01698-4","title":"Ocean swell height estimation from spaceborne GNSS-R data using hybrid deep learning model","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"GNSS applications; Swell; Remote sensing; Geodesy; Geology; Environmental science; Global Positioning System; Computer science; Oceanography; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.04961638512471296,"score_gpt":0.27050159162873827,"score_spread":0.22088520650402532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401969161","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20232159,0.0012881488,0.7667648,0.0008277911,0.0005892771,0.00018546171,0.00005674847,0.00039457178,0.027571604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.954542,0.00004355707,0.044403248,0.000068051144,0.0001412592,1.34999e-7,0.00034527265,0.000025974297,0.00043053672],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877363,0.000048431844,0.00016637683,0.00047024793,0.00023238902,0.0003089249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934804,0.000064143445,0.00003785573,0.00045516988,0.0000056341732,0.000089162124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001891354,0.00013821867,0.000108334556,0.000043819717,0.0004640123,0.00011652549,0.00021936998,0.000057549874,0.00012695685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055345245,0.00012948527,0.00004726376,0.0002118866,0.00012194744,0.000472808,0.00041898765,0.00026845423,0.00060551765],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000028583797,0.000026100972,0.00046724154,0.000006456228,0.000026334881,0.000028012064,0.000454849,0.94896954,0.003955301,0.00012699346,0.0052224966,0.040713795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006813196,0.0000059571503,0.0015211343,0.000044942837,0.000075698175,0.000025245097,0.000054365708,0.9903428,0.00015781661,0.004369325,0.0031693531,0.0001652325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018382935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00067176187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7522204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001986763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026182106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7782906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402222409","doi":"10.1007/s10291-024-01725-4","title":"Improving GNSS-RTK multipath error extraction with an integrated CEEMDAN and STD-based PCA algorithm","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","keywords":"GNSS applications; Multipath propagation; Algorithm; Computer science; Remote sensing; Global Positioning System; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.019343880367315405,"score_gpt":0.2471729303044781,"score_spread":0.2278290499371627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402222409","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11304718,0.0005280488,0.88332003,0.00008187358,0.0005222297,0.00015141163,0.00011133185,0.001296279,0.0009415787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.974566,0.000008367702,0.024996927,0.000014375842,0.00007170883,0.00004804979,0.00009710106,0.000033298562,0.00016418846],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992939,0.00002245696,0.00013172605,0.00021802416,0.00008955938,0.0002442878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965525,0.000032178104,0.000014021153,0.00014988973,0.000053361186,0.00009529214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000083168125,0.00014682442,0.000094879855,0.00013119107,0.00018618244,0.00016879528,0.000058854002,0.00007367498,0.000028884968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011418263,0.0001305724,0.00002716105,0.00019910699,0.000055272616,0.0003656262,0.000009948909,0.00029280514,0.000025592135],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008345618,0.0004923249,0.00044020783,0.0006925176,0.0003604351,0.00012888221,0.0042656423,0.1674644,0.16225564,0.004009764,0.005196498,0.6546102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016561903,0.00017501906,0.00079999666,0.00019527455,0.000037616028,0.000040572242,0.00029378853,0.99458224,0.0021570362,0.00003569633,0.0013316844,0.00018546524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003285911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022147907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8615188,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010662741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005274494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5324588},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403042547","doi":"10.1007/s10291-024-01757-w","title":"GNSS PPP-AR utilizing local SSR corrections","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Horizon 2020; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"GNSS applications; Geodesy; Environmental science; Computer science; Remote sensing; Geography; Global Positioning System; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0239807592927274,"score_gpt":0.2342662286765074,"score_spread":0.21028546938378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403042547","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.013271587,0.003479814,0.79103863,0.00029700084,0.005048319,0.000098829005,0.00006277664,0.0029379707,0.18376505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980222,0.00007001003,0.00034314848,0.00002261179,0.00015020072,0.00003345687,0.000020471218,0.000024030369,0.00131388],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993548,0.000012453879,0.00013368325,0.00014446811,0.00007682394,0.00027778826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997079,0.000043419364,0.000004839773,0.00015001991,0.000026753927,0.00006706938],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005807448,0.00010171472,0.0000764622,0.00010603825,0.00022703172,0.00009163841,0.000082386534,0.0000651492,0.0001779418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012683309,0.00010958197,0.00007160509,0.0002747223,0.000063250154,0.00014659455,0.000024096427,0.00027094578,0.0011214777],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005542925,0.00014387995,0.00022479377,0.00030368098,0.00035671197,0.000041077754,0.0034324194,0.26751798,0.013796492,0.284437,0.3746257,0.055114694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007474758,0.000037151498,0.00074763177,0.00030985993,0.00005147709,0.00007489174,0.000636007,0.9070442,0.0013437639,0.0016184651,0.08778709,0.0002747409],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006952796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000066604734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9847506,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013156005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029723999,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99965626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405270522","doi":"10.1007/s10291-024-01795-4","title":"Improving smartphone positioning accuracy by adapting measurement covariance with t-test on innovations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Outlier; Kalman filter; Covariance; Computer science; Noise (video); Multipath propagation; Filter (signal processing); Covariance matrix; Statistical hypothesis testing; Multipath mitigation; Statistics; Algorithm; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.019637422477172938,"score_gpt":0.2088156347646654,"score_spread":0.18917821228749246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405270522","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0043784115,0.0011897286,0.986157,0.0007428917,0.00038186213,0.0002129401,0.00008305987,0.0028760426,0.003978079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99584895,0.000037121816,0.0037131158,0.000068889196,0.00006978026,0.000087362685,0.000054410502,0.00003861364,0.00008177095],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902576,0.000009430142,0.00021429893,0.00019738691,0.00024287467,0.00031024808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949706,0.00010962452,0.00002629124,0.0002017009,0.00013343368,0.00003191321],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018493258,0.00015213761,0.00009923072,0.0001752791,0.00040090614,0.00015701928,0.00010998558,0.00007805934,0.000031106974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002478198,0.00014531228,0.000028894752,0.00087202794,0.00004903924,0.0002439057,0.000025880407,0.00027480425,0.000079381425],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018740295,0.00023410657,0.00040572052,0.00045640636,0.00037184655,0.000046985715,0.001264866,0.34505227,0.2963747,0.19785205,0.08090251,0.077019796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00083078485,0.00029154046,0.0008097144,0.0013258981,0.00010491883,0.00006754001,0.00095476327,0.8718898,0.07967513,0.0012425389,0.041663636,0.0011436916],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003822084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004771178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9914705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033046806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000070550304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5925663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406105549","doi":"10.1007/s10291-024-01805-5","title":"Attitude estimation in challenging environments by integrating low-cost dual-antenna GNSS and MEMS MARG sensor","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Dual (grammatical number); Microelectromechanical systems; Antenna (radio); Computer science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Global Positioning System; Materials science; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.009244540748291081,"score_gpt":0.2284340804821569,"score_spread":0.21918953973386582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406105549","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.660763,0.0012532293,0.3324043,0.0005789366,0.00048003663,0.0005219447,0.000053611697,0.00024879578,0.0036961364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99885434,0.00015531981,0.000604956,0.000024321302,0.000021465621,0.000034070094,0.00007426926,0.0000127351805,0.00021852329],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931806,0.000017748162,0.00020765625,0.00014208279,0.00007889755,0.00023558128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997945,0.000042325053,0.000019003788,0.0001021996,0.000007672213,0.00003432507],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010684325,0.00011578575,0.00011232383,0.00010890034,0.00014406854,0.00002710322,0.000036444664,0.00007731839,0.000013895783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039510705,0.00012689145,0.000023621235,0.00016536193,0.000028806395,0.00014059579,0.000025305906,0.0001708013,0.000016432161],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025755946,0.0002298892,0.0058758464,0.0003023647,0.00015842232,0.000024480525,0.0026280892,0.2934369,0.64411324,0.0058237105,0.0032224676,0.044158787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048970815,0.00000787772,0.010707096,0.0002245113,0.000023137256,0.000005385799,0.00028810918,0.98252904,0.004241301,0.00020982543,0.0010627125,0.00021131645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009743803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000097679076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6890921,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015119243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000489936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5174483},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409052420","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01841-9","title":"GNSS posterior integrity and continuity risk bounds based on joint optimization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Joint (building); Computer science; GNSS augmentation; Geodesy; Geology; Mathematical optimization; Engineering; Mathematics; Global Positioning System; Structural engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.015171930328869248,"score_gpt":0.22699507126049034,"score_spread":0.2118231409316211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409052420","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17347483,0.00019064776,0.78069484,0.0005396009,0.000642976,0.0001777072,0.00011676232,0.0004903628,0.043672245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967628,0.000023694703,0.002853093,0.000091356946,0.000017334252,0.000019689958,0.000023166316,0.00000675692,0.00020208122],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995165,0.000034618886,0.00013026033,0.000120226025,0.000051664803,0.00014675448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997056,0.00003804721,0.000018012826,0.00015067175,0.000050687213,0.00003695292],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000111370195,0.00008785506,0.000095726355,0.0000964963,0.00020895561,0.00007377383,0.00004882326,0.00006708795,0.000029859995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008139532,0.0000906885,0.000033300737,0.000121243946,0.000049914986,0.000065649925,0.000021628459,0.0002623914,0.000012058008],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031132633,0.00014428784,0.0039896755,0.00009745372,0.00006912004,0.0000013607989,0.00039869532,0.96668506,0.0021481786,0.010022493,0.010190671,0.006221852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025519382,0.000046371748,0.027073065,0.00015677814,0.000028257684,0.0000015733035,0.000034117886,0.9708186,0.00068686553,0.00035141155,0.0004418254,0.000105974286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009886127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049357608,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.823288,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008211362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026427942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.369817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410643854","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01872-2","title":"Mitigating pseudorange noise using time-correlated noise estimation from time-differenced observations with an application to PPP","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Pseudorange; Noise (video); Estimation; Statistics; Computer science; Econometrics; Mathematics; Economics; Telecommunications; Global Positioning System; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.018420287683872286,"score_gpt":0.2347717416460557,"score_spread":0.21635145396218342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410643854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5183108,0.0000213728,0.47952685,0.00011991928,0.00006984267,0.00024926677,0.000074079515,0.00047583767,0.0011520358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9442255,0.0000014339262,0.05469952,0.0000783749,0.000038825423,0.00013378375,0.00055880996,0.000027118173,0.00023662036],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990035,0.000037886544,0.00027785357,0.00027967227,0.00012662416,0.00027442325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925625,0.00007088864,0.00004812095,0.0003670651,0.0001486917,0.00010896881],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007047018,0.00018656687,0.00017046889,0.00016572836,0.0004112952,0.000101579455,0.00017127556,0.00010977679,0.00004978561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004512227,0.00020176866,0.00003562447,0.0006555835,0.000040179435,0.0003490977,0.000032502187,0.00018802016,0.00028767303],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013091542,0.0000721124,0.00081423676,0.000017487433,0.000055652843,4.2129355e-7,0.0005765924,0.7321014,0.26297137,0.00078665355,0.00073048315,0.0018605122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022321458,0.000036550064,0.022437163,0.0002824679,0.00008670992,0.000001933015,0.000043397187,0.97361064,0.0022522511,0.0007763945,0.000032441123,0.00021681495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045596945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006729992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42591473,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020015912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005673949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8227887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411217603","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01879-9","title":"Analysis and comparison of FCB and IRC models considering effect of real-time orbit and clock product errors","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Orbit (dynamics); Product (mathematics); Geodesy; Orbit determination; Computer science; Remote sensing; Aerospace engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Geology; Satellite; Geometry","score_opus":0.01723634567359021,"score_gpt":0.2608111806668776,"score_spread":0.24357483499328736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411217603","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894191,0.00187244,0.005771093,0.000042205786,0.00002764957,0.00008950531,0.0000180444,0.000052105377,0.002707835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99922025,0.000112532565,0.0005723577,0.0000011760366,0.0000031202135,0.000006883078,0.000005761229,0.000004604079,0.00007329504],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995083,0.000028507338,0.00018346058,0.00012712412,0.0000448079,0.0001077516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969095,0.0000931348,0.000029579312,0.00012721737,0.000033960143,0.000025139234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010451977,0.00008241938,0.00028031514,0.00017258362,0.0000711382,0.000012206594,0.000029434672,0.000034541972,0.0000039194892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029137125,0.00008198614,0.000029956444,0.00024270352,0.00010584963,0.000062278894,0.000038911974,0.000069306974,3.4093745e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006536062,0.00011433816,0.17541625,0.0019161418,0.0025665802,0.000001398827,0.00424336,0.52918893,0.27227333,0.006645792,0.0023790796,0.0051894593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026810382,0.000078232624,0.048178248,0.00020247065,0.00067776116,0.0000037964217,0.00007937529,0.92624575,0.023749197,0.00037524526,0.00001901025,0.00012278446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024262312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000047350586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39705688,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012242157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008188509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33432978},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412104032","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01917-6","title":"An initial credible positioning model: the CNN-LSTM aided RTK/INS tight integration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.021900027062370306,"score_gpt":0.2689233000475564,"score_spread":0.24702327298518606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412104032","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009427439,0.000098801116,0.97589165,0.00080806995,0.00039631373,0.0001517071,0.000024687266,0.00028952374,0.012911837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960813,0.000026844222,0.0030385316,0.00022454651,0.0001102932,0.000027405058,0.00020596523,0.000017806196,0.00026731635],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992135,0.00004986987,0.00023898394,0.00014262121,0.00013969453,0.0002153272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994627,0.000050500134,0.000022670674,0.0003024728,0.00011513215,0.00004647312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014873953,0.000112974274,0.00009853169,0.00014709076,0.0005007809,0.0001364522,0.00014958715,0.000091746006,0.000029683173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046146513,0.00009674953,0.000055409404,0.00039551064,0.000043910415,0.00022299343,0.00001924564,0.00017890558,0.000022929335],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025865036,0.00002247224,0.000016470007,0.000005083709,0.000015426722,5.0449813e-7,0.00020371549,0.89760447,0.0048593925,0.09301486,0.0035420284,0.00071299536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001469066,0.000016595339,0.00025568614,0.00003089901,0.000034553053,0.0000014616037,0.00012294274,0.98878396,0.0020228657,0.008045652,0.00043648848,0.00010198698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004806958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015898226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98665386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000110336056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006534088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39453313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412548579","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01932-7","title":"Correction To: “EPC: MATLAB software to estimate Euler pole parameters”","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"earthquake and tectonic studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"MATLAB; Software; Euler's formula; Computer science; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Control theory (sociology); Mathematical analysis; Artificial intelligence; Operating system","score_opus":0.024819262187603337,"score_gpt":0.2635330337248121,"score_spread":0.2387137715372088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412548579","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0020622576,0.0112034995,0.014240648,0.009750116,0.3790183,0.0020845837,0.0040017786,0.0015736988,0.5760651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01064566,0.00040288363,0.013694039,0.0022701959,0.0013746149,0.00006066477,0.0025778285,0.000026346395,0.96894777],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997933,0.00006904518,0.0003182912,0.00059109647,0.0003313048,0.00075729855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855834,0.00036572997,0.00008441037,0.0006165561,0.00012482762,0.000250142],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017627064,0.00035160186,0.00042607423,0.00035957704,0.0008651637,0.00014298964,0.00045507652,0.00024827287,0.0016967639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00123861,0.00033040333,0.00017906446,0.0007818858,0.00006856131,0.00009229305,0.00013349054,0.00063647825,0.0041298736],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010204895,0.0000135711025,0.002963608,0.000030158462,0.000070490205,0.000008187243,0.0001351939,0.003153771,2.611713e-7,0.000018413313,0.962591,0.031005178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010072413,0.00018026438,0.1571815,0.00040999026,0.000110389425,0.000014235903,0.00008785964,0.001324106,0.000003336032,0.00036176297,0.8397675,0.00045833315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009394028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.056894124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39288265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003405445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035851146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999148},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412903601","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01939-0","title":"Characterization and performance assessment of the GLONASS ionosphere model","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; University of New South Wales","keywords":"GLONASS; Ionosphere; Characterization (materials science); Remote sensing; GNSS applications; Environmental science; Geology; Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Geodesy; Engineering; Geophysics; Physics; Satellite; Optics","score_opus":0.007367923962705691,"score_gpt":0.23212874922955046,"score_spread":0.22476082526684477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412903601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7175945,0.000017239503,0.25154662,0.00033843706,0.0001368746,0.00014390716,0.000045725672,0.000011685165,0.030164996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99272937,0.000009320572,0.0010837793,0.000048844762,0.000023142422,0.00002105261,0.000034931774,0.000004087151,0.0060454574],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995872,0.000014123234,0.00012918217,0.00009700804,0.000056777324,0.00011575616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996981,0.000009900556,0.000059459024,0.00016616554,0.00005061336,0.000015729307],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004441169,0.000067103814,0.00007933239,0.0000068755944,0.00022382425,0.000014995573,0.00008911053,0.000024132105,0.00007325399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001142572,0.000053710875,0.000040233346,0.00013815465,0.000051919298,0.000091479385,0.000089417554,0.00007828876,0.000001271417],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005147557,0.0001508345,0.19532466,0.000040677798,0.000061953826,2.2963695e-8,0.000102710066,0.011884638,0.006305199,0.739959,0.0006747958,0.045490373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020343118,0.000012567803,0.28549013,0.00003231186,0.00003419076,1.1470736e-7,0.00007259166,0.7096775,0.00023196258,0.0027277935,0.0014446089,0.00007278188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040765495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013456807,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7372312,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001805896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013999644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21902658},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415018120","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01965-y","title":"First smartwatch RTK results: performance analysis of instantaneous, single-frequency multi-GNSS cm-level positioning with comparison to Google Pixel 5 smartphones","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"University of Otago","keywords":"Smartwatch; GNSS applications; Real Time Kinematic; Multipath propagation; Global Positioning System; Kinematics","score_opus":0.040021503002390914,"score_gpt":0.24862682873150613,"score_spread":0.20860532572911522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415018120","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67781806,0.00029326582,0.30806118,0.00035253493,0.0002877291,0.00022542896,0.00046820537,0.00034643023,0.012147158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803844,0.000031197003,0.01882727,0.000040209845,0.000018018896,0.000046464258,0.00016857259,0.000018814104,0.00046502234],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985518,0.000028211067,0.000551527,0.00029223296,0.00018145409,0.00039478132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908143,0.000095970354,0.00008133854,0.00042934378,0.0002216074,0.000090315436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012743507,0.00021863737,0.00038782664,0.00054803415,0.00042836467,0.00006399016,0.00024136617,0.000091151145,0.00001850152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054729146,0.00022062886,0.00010144631,0.0018706511,0.00009179995,0.00017423402,0.0000558687,0.00021223657,0.00002884292],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009877775,0.00038712873,0.017180584,0.00015007742,0.0010358589,0.0000032194569,0.003169722,0.95930415,0.014390457,0.0012449501,0.0023431776,0.00069189735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011384311,0.0004589292,0.1638028,0.0014602244,0.001138076,0.000019649648,0.0010125946,0.82133996,0.0076008607,0.00003773968,0.0013129766,0.0006777631],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006134275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0041910363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30256635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026217263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049714297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8996984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7081909931","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01953-2","title":"Analysis of GNSS radio frequency interference and impacts on GNSS receiver parameters","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Canadian Navy; York University","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Interference (communication); Jamming; Wideband; GNSS augmentation; Precise Point Positioning; Transmitter","score_opus":0.028206933534527117,"score_gpt":0.2566012291306447,"score_spread":0.2283942955961176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7081909931","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36029887,0.0004899115,0.56888354,0.008688468,0.0004120007,0.0002089685,0.000033917127,0.00016685002,0.060817465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957672,0.0000365348,0.0034257497,0.00014173443,0.0000041455896,0.000006799528,0.0000050222284,6.1591885e-7,0.00061222224],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991987,0.00005056581,0.00017883047,0.00027706535,0.00008114349,0.00021372817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918556,0.00015842837,0.00007100611,0.0004454919,0.00008275486,0.000056776684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018574041,0.00009125011,0.00018508839,0.00022004281,0.00013223205,0.00003659466,0.00036627147,0.000059389924,0.000022703825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024379074,0.000084143496,0.00008402215,0.0011502953,0.0001077218,0.000109287525,0.00015402549,0.00011223561,0.0000042054794],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043498123,0.0006248433,0.116995946,0.00020533349,0.0034686269,0.000035570232,0.0055757733,0.02805612,0.025902882,0.77832747,0.010610932,0.030153036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009877221,0.0003807694,0.5120869,0.00047351094,0.0010688263,0.000017624474,0.0004828017,0.37765864,0.01311739,0.090458386,0.0023962155,0.0008711922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015464643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004899109,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6878691,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034790766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34312722},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W788591477","doi":"10.1007/s10291-015-0463-3","title":"Robust fine acquisition algorithm for GPS receiver with limited resources","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"GPS signals; Computer science; Global Positioning System; Algorithm; Doppler effect; Fast Fourier transform; SIGNAL (programming language); Assisted GPS; Data acquisition; Noise (video); Reduction (mathematics); Real-time computing; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.04878093878452728,"score_gpt":0.22069716970437145,"score_spread":0.17191623091984418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W788591477","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03858121,0.00047203162,0.94381076,0.0003872369,0.00039663527,0.00025378997,0.00016366574,0.00071688625,0.015217804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95185184,0.000012096578,0.046283603,0.000050529543,0.00025078922,0.00011603931,0.00019125301,0.00003339617,0.001210434],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993974,0.000014389493,0.000115369134,0.00013203624,0.000099046396,0.0002417369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955004,0.000031977877,0.000020135496,0.00015468967,0.00014800465,0.00009512789],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008667515,0.00010564159,0.00009655694,0.000075674114,0.00014617431,0.000044276483,0.000084046835,0.00006346847,0.000026771031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017912893,0.00009845587,0.000033526187,0.00015950551,0.000043290802,0.00014098322,0.000014271401,0.00009723457,0.00006350305],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008765428,0.00023734881,0.00025562439,0.0000709396,0.00025843264,0.000007550287,0.003779255,0.5893475,0.0018759315,0.003015604,0.36970434,0.031359848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012574155,0.00046737882,0.0021355702,0.00019361824,0.00008603579,0.000050979943,0.00042084898,0.9610662,0.0012377434,0.00073661323,0.031931665,0.0004159589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031995314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038622227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91327065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000085861524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017926748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4014914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W836961123","doi":"10.1007/s10291-015-0471-3","title":"Improving MEMS-IMU/GPS integrated systems for land vehicle navigation applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Inertial measurement unit; Attitude and heading reference system; GPS/INS; Inertial navigation system; Computer science; Heading (navigation); Dead reckoning; GPS signals; Real-time computing; Noise (video); Sensor fusion; Simulation; Assisted GPS; Engineering; Inertial frame of reference; Artificial intelligence; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.025538624326588873,"score_gpt":0.2398204874595552,"score_spread":0.21428186313296632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W836961123","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1517276,0.0025235931,0.83741397,0.00016469507,0.0013433495,0.0017950861,0.00034721912,0.0013357291,0.0033487296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977017,0.000014936159,0.0005952124,0.000009061741,0.00035333424,0.00049957813,0.0005884195,0.000029903773,0.00020783066],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992633,0.000016814098,0.00022470143,0.00013404673,0.00011111642,0.0002500158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994413,0.000041238527,0.00003879872,0.00017887996,0.00019657533,0.00010318154],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017647042,0.00011030554,0.00011384801,0.000060194478,0.00019977031,0.00005807002,0.00008664272,0.00010117809,0.0000030491185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003634234,0.00011233806,0.000045933488,0.00026321618,0.000024372206,0.00016894126,0.000012614316,0.00011682679,0.000070961476],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055235956,0.00019884127,0.0013848208,0.00055077113,0.00019480249,0.0000026122054,0.0016590342,0.64893275,0.23346587,0.025248842,0.035416633,0.05288979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008455253,0.000053181782,0.00036881582,0.000048056056,0.000066632376,0.000010981012,0.00040209285,0.9100556,0.0037965097,0.0006818014,0.08338707,0.00028377282],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062179996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007116952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84597415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020309124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037584898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4581013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}