{"meta":{"query_hash":"231ea30b5443","filters":{"venue":"German Economic Review"},"cohort_total":7,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"exported":7,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/231ea30b5443","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=German+Economic+Review"},"results":[{"id":"W1978219238","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0475.2005.00137.x","title":"What a Difference Immigration Policy Makes: A Comparison of PISA Scores in Europe and Traditional Countries of Immigration","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"German Economic Review","topic":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Socioeconomic status; Demographic economics; Immigration policy; Educational attainment; Political science; Economic growth; Economics; Sociology; Demography; Population","score_opus":0.0839627166387766,"score_gpt":0.3932498713804832,"score_spread":0.3092871547417066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978219238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939422,0.0007594022,0.000054314867,0.00025409897,0.000015349051,0.0000056256863,0.0004185125,0.0000025759684,0.0045477673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990828,0.0002568022,0.000025698822,0.000019465575,0.0000064817,0.000003260618,0.00033808214,8.7870984e-7,0.0002666963],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999212,0.00027347024,0.00008377049,0.00008665107,0.00017594977,0.00016817945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99768555,0.0007504637,0.0008418874,0.00007703943,0.00033960614,0.00030545914],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017021309,0.00013463231,0.00035870753,0.0022569054,0.00030761017,0.0012211243,0.00030224063,0.00028942342,0.0025047902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0055411863,0.00006915275,0.0003705881,0.0027544326,0.00047632126,0.0005309109,0.00095885614,0.00029538374,0.00027241162],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012689672,0.00004101176,0.9889442,0.00004445518,0.00011072796,0.000108621294,0.00057309563,0.00019424762,0.000050679726,0.0008430132,0.00045403762,0.008509026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000024036922,0.000036940684,0.9979334,0.000024865905,0.0000191932,0.00003359291,0.0011559839,0.00007510658,0.000023847286,0.00007163686,0.00062087807,0.0000021963147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007901257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007871934,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007901257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005203578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005663443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015710533},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110867059","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0475.2007.00403.x","title":"Of Yeast and Mushrooms: Patterns of Industry-Level Productivity Growth","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"German Economic Review","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Total factor productivity; Economics; Productivity; Investment (military); Information and Communications Technology; Capital (architecture); Economic geography; International trade; Macroeconomics; Geography; Political science","score_opus":0.05143689091910077,"score_gpt":0.2615856041427418,"score_spread":0.21014871322364104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2110867059","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879873,0.004399722,0.000573911,0.00015878845,0.000006995045,0.000006634787,0.0012967248,0.000017428998,0.005552538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99624485,0.0014341307,0.00028278053,0.000020623473,0.0000062499453,0.0000031442587,0.0008441181,0.000002358139,0.0011615561],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981207,0.000026802896,0.00001139636,0.000040497227,0.00007012725,0.00003908962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998616,0.00029941267,0.000620042,0.000063048494,0.00031296647,0.00008862623],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038653644,0.00014554178,0.00020584522,0.0020687436,0.00012860597,0.0010185572,0.00014849273,0.00014600785,0.001669797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013488625,0.00005114569,0.00022157225,0.0037993253,0.00027986124,0.00045094444,0.00037265706,0.00016756548,0.00031946573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049716776,0.000047806796,0.8754878,0.00030818986,0.00017232544,0.00039077402,0.0008173788,0.0038991247,0.006904732,0.0027507122,0.0019252519,0.10679878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003543188,0.000045236993,0.9901404,0.00003539846,0.000018529283,0.00010025562,0.0007576917,0.0013169099,0.0012512015,0.00063184527,0.005692649,0.000006371453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014248944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013640076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014248944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050878874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022093304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028331995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124158557","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0475.2009.00488.x","title":"Extracting Resource Deposits of Unknown Size: Optimal Order","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"German Economic Review","topic":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Extraction (chemistry); Order (exchange); Stock (firearms); Economics; Shadow (psychology); Resource (disambiguation); First order; Econometrics; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Materials science; Chemistry","score_opus":0.02246717894336454,"score_gpt":0.26260922639096157,"score_spread":0.24014204744759704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2124158557","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23665744,0.0016785798,0.7244005,0.0026347083,0.00018947053,0.00020638724,0.00048547747,0.00036575063,0.033381592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8977466,0.0010665711,0.090823665,0.00013509314,0.00012663394,0.00006608781,0.0001876826,0.00016879848,0.009678953],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982084,0.00045493638,0.00023046855,0.00034190505,0.00047745858,0.00028689308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9867003,0.008845689,0.0011768034,0.0016704372,0.0010637618,0.0005429698],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002918828,0.0005960177,0.0014554828,0.000884992,0.0006513434,0.002985807,0.00097280066,0.0010904918,0.0075414395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01732409,0.0006184953,0.00054205215,0.0010926411,0.0015299632,0.0053274347,0.0015596375,0.001475544,0.0011491254],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012513426,0.00025012775,0.0033839329,0.0007010151,0.00010468254,0.00059821067,0.00036429366,0.38182995,0.015989393,0.47130072,0.004403223,0.11982317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000902195,0.00021466882,0.0011592641,0.000084965,0.00003369662,0.00030942878,0.0001762972,0.400098,0.017375164,0.5760892,0.0043070675,0.000062003346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009076651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009908694,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0075414395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013499375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002016008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02522868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148786323","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0475.2007.00408.x","title":"Mind the Gap! International Comparisons of Productivity in Services and Goods Production","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"German Economic Review","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Industry Canada","keywords":"Productivity; Economics; Goods and services; Total factor productivity; Production (economics); Capital (architecture); Multifactor productivity; International comparisons; Capital good; International trade; Agricultural economics; Business; Economy; Macroeconomics; Economic growth; Geography","score_opus":0.04698277465046099,"score_gpt":0.28445178430609913,"score_spread":0.23746900965563814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148786323","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7544355,0.066020824,0.0063552163,0.010200912,0.00027872226,0.000021119258,0.003132544,0.00013656134,0.15941866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98822635,0.007627555,0.00078096584,0.0002796706,0.00008033793,0.000005999118,0.00083222584,0.000018035766,0.002148833],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999466,0.00012948686,0.000028075696,0.0000827959,0.00017405677,0.000119525284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890184,0.0002632664,0.00019698065,0.00010647886,0.00046413633,0.00006730559],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011744531,0.00016777508,0.00022159591,0.00220645,0.00015549216,0.0012065506,0.00014974356,0.0001704692,0.0018941829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030368187,0.00006291296,0.0002973064,0.0049064183,0.00046708956,0.0011351088,0.000529432,0.00032659547,0.0003905091],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047257132,0.00006161508,0.28761196,0.00085028453,0.00055659254,0.00039295145,0.0032824858,0.008265953,0.0030588869,0.15950929,0.031089162,0.5048483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025396183,0.000119784796,0.8397332,0.00046928515,0.00017182452,0.00025312632,0.0030725591,0.0021177398,0.002329847,0.021131363,0.13055241,0.000023460498],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023523979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015770677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023523979,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072666066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00063297944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04677415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125600175","doi":"10.1111/1468-0475.00044","title":"Monetary Policy and Forecasts for Real GDP Growth: An Empirical Investigation for the Federal Republic of Germany","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"German Economic Review","topic":"German Economic Analysis & Policies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Bundesbank","keywords":"Economics; Real gross domestic product; Consensus forecast; Interest rate; Monetary policy; Quarter (Canadian coin); German; Econometrics; Real interest rate; Macroeconomics; Nominal interest rate; Monetary economics; Geography","score_opus":0.07232399177319278,"score_gpt":0.3164296077752763,"score_spread":0.24410561600208353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125600175","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979018,0.00033054833,0.00013920394,0.00018562534,0.0000067429346,0.0000041985786,0.0008035125,0.000014896387,0.000613318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986339,0.00014834825,0.00006171555,0.000009818821,0.000007168301,0.0000021953467,0.0009937326,0.000002240808,0.00014088687],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941695,0.00015480774,0.000040140883,0.00010459195,0.0001563517,0.00012721721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99388015,0.0035111539,0.001719947,0.00027273726,0.00038095916,0.00023507117],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027766502,0.00033721712,0.00044348324,0.0015100093,0.0002670425,0.0012629812,0.00025880983,0.00053562043,0.001462644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0069011124,0.00018040361,0.00032470815,0.0021864364,0.0003246927,0.0007030298,0.00036599697,0.0005080018,0.00034072157],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013415491,0.00035523908,0.8968192,0.00014216143,0.000516462,0.0005778441,0.00060052087,0.04892957,0.0012529698,0.0037782218,0.008587457,0.037098844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006911988,0.00014882485,0.96058697,0.00003953437,0.00017386548,0.00007978702,0.00044601684,0.034573905,0.0006212235,0.000674062,0.0025535924,0.000033091954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029030863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016637877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029030863,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011235119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007621167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05772376},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165088606","doi":"10.1515/ger-2020-0102","title":"Skill complementarity in production technology: New empirical evidence and implications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"German Economic Review","topic":"Firm Innovation and Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Complementarity (molecular biology); Productivity; Empirical evidence; Economics; Technological change; Profit (economics); Production (economics); Dispersion (optics); Manufacturing; Industrial organization; Econometrics; Labour economics; Microeconomics; Business; Marketing; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.1643396688626123,"score_gpt":0.3630071014056633,"score_spread":0.19866743254305097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3165088606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87166214,0.04771795,0.028712412,0.0033395663,0.00006564783,0.00003574224,0.00085567404,0.00008817215,0.04752269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931821,0.0049791927,0.0009763547,0.00009730956,0.000068474576,0.0000052477026,0.00015649463,0.0000049569144,0.0005299865],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988274,0.00037187384,0.00008440764,0.00026324877,0.00030016626,0.0001529078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9671765,0.0275112,0.0028906388,0.0009826897,0.0010398899,0.0003991648],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024156752,0.0003844412,0.00096923567,0.0039698198,0.0004916262,0.0020802617,0.00047776347,0.00064496015,0.0074441647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010233908,0.00025681415,0.0007395941,0.0043480573,0.0017687087,0.0018175442,0.0015921656,0.0006395229,0.0004344704],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00075103523,0.0003886107,0.42977095,0.0031151967,0.0013306045,0.003037335,0.001581096,0.05413332,0.0028070603,0.30933788,0.0038729375,0.18987404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000115783885,0.00023362816,0.5206625,0.0011901151,0.0008651092,0.0014812311,0.00215509,0.060980853,0.0017554066,0.3937054,0.016773582,0.0000813144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009023852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059031844,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009023852,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001082608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007808555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024903238},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361292388","doi":"10.1515/ger-2022-0076","title":"Interest Rate Persistence and Monetary Policy Rule in Light of Model Uncertainty","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"German Economic Review","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Council","keywords":"Economics; Taylor rule; Interest rate; Monetary policy; Econometrics; Function (biology); Persistence (discontinuity); Macroeconomics; Central bank","score_opus":0.1330334351907303,"score_gpt":0.28935170840732394,"score_spread":0.15631827321659364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4361292388","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8835994,0.0057617244,0.09870415,0.0036439889,0.00008687231,0.000015244869,0.00015038875,0.00007219599,0.007965988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997283,0.0009358193,0.0013281471,0.000058121026,0.000048439826,0.0000058053415,0.00004416953,0.00001049844,0.00028602415],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991949,0.00040206095,0.00004838402,0.00013539671,0.00013501375,0.00008433246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9787936,0.01669095,0.0025834085,0.0007942541,0.00092096394,0.00021680344],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004971268,0.0003280775,0.0010883166,0.0008762702,0.0002608322,0.0021288644,0.0006599057,0.00097410235,0.0009386843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.026335264,0.0002750446,0.0005933899,0.0008290515,0.0008777957,0.0024196303,0.0007401663,0.0014420988,0.00010733462],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027667603,0.00007580298,0.03829311,0.00027247373,0.0005029557,0.00069019856,0.00051377877,0.7102801,0.0021472604,0.21711506,0.0016097468,0.028222788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020075493,0.000080232305,0.013814004,0.00006984339,0.00010851518,0.000087945344,0.00017828637,0.8026026,0.00048616252,0.1816193,0.00089997647,0.000033039345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026007672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013229853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004971268,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008985346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005530039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026290894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}