{"meta":{"query_hash":"1d6e04ef02d0","filters":{"venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism"},"cohort_total":56,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":56,"exported":56,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/1d6e04ef02d0","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=International+Journal+of+Bilingual+Education+and+Bilingualism"},"results":[{"id":"W1988780942","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2013.767778","title":"Learning French as a second official language in Canada: comparing monolingual and bilingual students at Grade 6","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Nipissing University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Test (biology); Psychology; Post hoc; Language proficiency; First language; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Multilingualism; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Political science; Pedagogy; Medicine","score_opus":0.017122253035077396,"score_gpt":0.3026839240286231,"score_spread":0.2855616709935457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1988780942","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940067,0.0013223565,0.00000123368,0.0004187402,0.0023482547,0.00013701757,0.00000449966,0.00001957291,0.0017416484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934402,0.00005893648,0.00010563691,0.0005082597,0.0017162946,0.0000033321485,0.000017803142,0.000024578485,0.0041249334],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978298,0.0001756951,0.00080223585,0.00027795858,0.000651612,0.00026267947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984096,0.0002982609,0.00051269284,0.000094897434,0.0005008303,0.00018371655],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067473046,0.00022394062,0.00034875228,0.00043902447,0.0002247013,0.00041287995,0.0003376691,0.00006334572,0.0010112433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00074141694,0.00019953655,0.00006677231,0.000056438803,0.00012414483,0.0002821742,0.00014947072,0.0007331531,0.000013005716],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012203142,0.0007377436,0.22867103,0.00008589993,0.00028945325,0.00020231593,0.6916648,0.00045065588,0.0018414146,0.0020699047,0.0008488398,0.0730159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007040563,0.0010369107,0.12728414,0.0016020609,0.00018089653,0.0026078166,0.7188129,0.003817621,0.0027225716,0.0028835505,0.12998658,0.0020243865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.48061046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6598734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.179263,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043385962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022910535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989345280","doi":"10.1080/13670050802357795","title":"Individual differences and language interdependence: a study of sequential bilingual development in Spanish–English preschool children","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Linguistics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Lexical diversity; Language acquisition; First language; Language development; Vocabulary; Developmental psychology; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.016603479380813996,"score_gpt":0.34918590891722207,"score_spread":0.33258242953640804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989345280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956031,0.0016252716,0.000008205053,0.00012515926,0.0017846569,0.00029991937,0.0000074081486,0.000015814941,0.0005304684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984429,0.000040562343,0.0006037897,0.0002098747,0.000498946,0.0000042432225,0.000018426934,0.0000109512175,0.0001703342],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977174,0.00015615362,0.0009972897,0.00031489687,0.0006163106,0.00019796942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985754,0.00010815634,0.00054063124,0.00012928889,0.00052526797,0.00012128562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008001999,0.00021006839,0.0003365923,0.00071223103,0.000045753346,0.00011427692,0.000422937,0.00011556313,0.00017367885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055163447,0.00017530151,0.000052757427,0.0001902734,0.00009103787,0.00020729422,0.00009142618,0.00033595486,0.0000014085778],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003883461,0.003828401,0.28410888,0.000011700061,0.00034886383,0.00008713984,0.5095239,0.00000395328,0.0004028653,0.00054311653,0.00007059909,0.20068222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035901826,0.0007034008,0.7785248,0.00017492159,0.00006188423,0.00027925344,0.2149878,0.0000037128773,0.00073246204,0.00046726136,0.00016766922,0.0003066327],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033716028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037082506,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49441594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053389413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009011106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71485883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995530240","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2011.573069","title":"Learning a foreign language as leisure and consumption: enjoyment, desire, and the business of<i>eikaiwa</i>","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Consumption (sociology); Mainstream; Sociology; Disadvantaged; Psychology; Gender studies; Social psychology; Social science; Political science","score_opus":0.03678032847119567,"score_gpt":0.3024320820728476,"score_spread":0.26565175360165194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995530240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98792213,0.003943524,0.00003899293,0.00036313588,0.00078846415,0.0000790554,0.0000027640276,0.000012491827,0.0068494603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99627954,0.0006640086,0.0003715605,0.00026436115,0.00080532517,0.0000018234506,0.0000048251427,0.000011357147,0.0015971889],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897367,0.00015980266,0.00040989678,0.00012521216,0.00024105384,0.00009034777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99852103,0.00027829182,0.00046702818,0.000065312066,0.00060682825,0.00006153212],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009849723,0.000115198425,0.00020298197,0.0001776913,0.00018094562,0.00015037307,0.00013826102,0.000040869978,0.00021128495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063460413,0.000076340235,0.00005251217,0.00002859558,0.00047219693,0.00018839713,0.00004719748,0.00029542283,0.000001763059],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005431093,0.00027629087,0.017632656,0.00010167813,0.00026486948,0.000024464409,0.581539,0.0000081815415,0.000373752,0.2744953,0.00007108892,0.12466961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011534777,0.001216654,0.026897293,0.0022828116,0.0007276664,0.0054765115,0.7622024,0.0005033909,0.0040691444,0.046515755,0.13741814,0.0011554767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051284535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046623343,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22797954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014068856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020713366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31130645},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018560932","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2011.652591","title":"Linguistic and metalinguistic outcomes of intense immersion education: how bilingual?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Baycrest Hospital; McGill University; University of Toronto; York University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Metalinguistic awareness; Linguistics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Bilingual education; Psychology; Metalinguistics; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Vocabulary development; Philosophy","score_opus":0.0231451564747104,"score_gpt":0.3153256596233343,"score_spread":0.2921805031486239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018560932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9741961,0.010556094,0.00001882456,0.0010378115,0.011054159,0.00009562704,0.000011529138,0.000019977093,0.00300993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904064,0.00016323633,0.0010331786,0.0008570481,0.004509887,0.0000018828395,0.000021493282,0.000024997667,0.002981873],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998353,0.00013630434,0.00068589975,0.00019070704,0.00042925082,0.00020482665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99666053,0.00046306654,0.0008116524,0.0001541753,0.0017060278,0.00020457157],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010843243,0.00021819743,0.00038748528,0.0005771752,0.00014207966,0.00021373002,0.00023742761,0.00007430304,0.00030207747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036624733,0.0001693747,0.00015078344,0.000057034355,0.00026775416,0.00028499274,0.00006857858,0.0003542022,0.0000034565087],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015173334,0.0016056432,0.042292874,0.00019702947,0.000732107,0.000017592582,0.54979855,0.0000037800091,0.0011886832,0.09330204,0.0005033398,0.31020665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022793042,0.0006406833,0.010044527,0.0012314741,0.0009305228,0.0018864445,0.59428865,0.000117625765,0.0029201426,0.0042265137,0.38022655,0.0012075556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004335978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004729226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37972322,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056896333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00084092555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69069},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021716178","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2014.941785","title":"Language attrition and reactivation in the context of bilingual first language acquisition","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"University of Ottawa","keywords":"Linguistics; Utterance; Developmental linguistics; Language transfer; Second-language attrition; Heritage language; Context (archaeology); Bulgarian; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language shift; Language acquisition; First language; Psychology; Second-language acquisition; Comprehension approach; Socialization; Language assessment; Code-switching; Computer science; Language education; Developmental psychology; History","score_opus":0.012023838445740882,"score_gpt":0.3413692156054591,"score_spread":0.3293453771597182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021716178","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99327624,0.001801709,0.00006216541,0.0018335748,0.0011492381,0.00015414531,0.000008602346,0.0000094723855,0.0017048714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99750817,0.00009162327,0.00034369942,0.0012721567,0.00056838937,0.000004844056,0.000053776195,0.000011489653,0.00014584015],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984784,0.00019640411,0.00063039514,0.0001883457,0.00037655397,0.00012988565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99843746,0.0005065607,0.0004930522,0.00013893258,0.0003715336,0.000052471325],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012824147,0.00013559034,0.00020691718,0.00044335806,0.000049331567,0.00006226597,0.00023293112,0.000103824466,0.000119170545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00074681634,0.000100264566,0.000064604996,0.00018171134,0.00010893643,0.0001821723,0.000028867276,0.0002086181,0.0000030173637],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005775575,0.0014600598,0.021216052,0.000079003985,0.00015280234,0.00005630573,0.56673384,0.0000060724497,0.009976879,0.016065171,0.00063622755,0.38304004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006369553,0.00067051395,0.13061793,0.0006283662,0.00011575329,0.0013786722,0.8349728,0.00011969022,0.008827825,0.0032242285,0.012499301,0.00057538296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005989379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033120674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38246465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044863733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021903228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40886703},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021803637","doi":"10.1080/13670050802684388","title":"Bilingual education in an Aboriginal context: examining the transfer of language skills from Inuktitut to English or French","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Heritage language; Mainstream; Context (archaeology); Language proficiency; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language assessment; Transfer of training; Bilingual education; First language; Pedagogy; Psychology; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Political science; History","score_opus":0.028585155694940845,"score_gpt":0.4672042601741168,"score_spread":0.43861910447917596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021803637","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98916477,0.00077299296,0.000032387914,0.0025692773,0.0051094946,0.00032311777,0.000029298511,0.000021415231,0.0019772334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889106,0.00022348916,0.001298826,0.0037248651,0.004727453,0.0000049385335,0.00002937272,0.000014410452,0.0010660539],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99720144,0.00038967057,0.0010553254,0.0003077919,0.0007831058,0.000262646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996349,0.0006043013,0.0003811639,0.00023969414,0.0020983939,0.00032749044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001636368,0.0002102468,0.00033820886,0.0006909098,0.00014514216,0.00022000873,0.00075948774,0.00015919091,0.0003114755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0032429418,0.00015796536,0.0000949959,0.0004992591,0.00020699689,0.00047578773,0.000018194585,0.0003941769,0.0000035833775],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014060429,0.0013864179,0.004919312,0.000005958605,0.0000273119,0.0000063317766,0.5305517,0.000029115772,0.0013441454,0.00428202,0.0001967927,0.4571103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023372786,0.0009828121,0.07747522,0.0009819557,0.00011309785,0.0000729915,0.69439435,0.000041829793,0.008523502,0.0037438783,0.21055315,0.0007799193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009383957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012298863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4563304,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022124889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.014314932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99721265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025862716","doi":"10.1080/13670050608668641","title":"A Multilingual Child's Literacy Practices and Contrasting Identities in the Figured Worlds of French Immersion Classrooms","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Literacy; Sociology; Pedagogy; Critical literacy; Sociocultural evolution; Identity (music); Construct (python library); Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.018622113243452167,"score_gpt":0.3362506512737251,"score_spread":0.31762853803027297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025862716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896474,0.00283421,0.000008668671,0.0015603419,0.0014135251,0.0000831657,0.000007767019,0.00000754986,0.004437368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99650127,0.00009889561,0.00028584377,0.00031510476,0.0016379359,0.0000013926975,0.00001563191,0.000009561065,0.0011343881],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984028,0.00020006877,0.0007066085,0.00014877827,0.00041907566,0.00012271956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973559,0.0007184088,0.0011870577,0.00007860424,0.0006262647,0.000033784137],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001311035,0.00013188913,0.0002084353,0.00039062946,0.00015306691,0.0003797915,0.00023044874,0.000046435656,0.000115312316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011616105,0.00009116406,0.00007742577,0.000053214684,0.00018429605,0.00044018126,0.000030916763,0.00042548563,8.752262e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001989997,0.001979729,0.06903547,0.00014317772,0.00021964443,0.00007255998,0.7372805,0.00011868334,0.001393752,0.029227456,0.0007441095,0.15958591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0060856505,0.00086894573,0.13238367,0.0035634364,0.00035809915,0.0022091635,0.6246379,0.0014660859,0.0016763955,0.017508697,0.20817786,0.0010640564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016483729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045517317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20743376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028572722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021880543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37175626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028154676","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2010.488285","title":"Copula omission in the English developing grammar of English/Spanish bilingual children","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Copula (linguistics); Linguistics; Inflection; Predicate (mathematical logic); Grammar; Psychology; Mathematics; Computer science; Natural language processing; Philosophy","score_opus":0.00986973578365182,"score_gpt":0.33927787158832967,"score_spread":0.32940813580467787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028154676","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9831021,0.00065204286,0.000020229741,0.00051089213,0.012199473,0.00020080131,0.000008505941,0.0000171962,0.0032887936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943112,0.00008104485,0.0020503046,0.0007270373,0.0025804923,0.0000042605807,0.00004521943,0.000018674304,0.00018172651],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.997805,0.00017616717,0.00096943654,0.00025401934,0.00057868904,0.00021668743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99667954,0.0003665073,0.000630955,0.00021160205,0.0020189574,0.00009244158],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017248596,0.00019508968,0.00027197084,0.0005259004,0.00006331451,0.00010158759,0.00068972417,0.00018170898,0.00026119602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0043297666,0.00013862227,0.000120059325,0.00030088902,0.0001484461,0.00018612575,0.00006431531,0.00061861676,0.000002975636],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053207093,0.002331544,0.20096976,0.00004045781,0.00036657625,0.00007623134,0.5519093,0.000010127455,0.0026198132,0.03793034,0.0022288498,0.20098491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010599301,0.00063558464,0.41505927,0.00074390037,0.00022223676,0.0015203326,0.38252363,0.00002278146,0.010936157,0.012254771,0.16384502,0.001637007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028496323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026429142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21408951,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004300484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014560651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5652852},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035921459","doi":"10.1080/13670050802149481","title":"Russian in Latvia: an outlook for bilingualism in a post-Soviet transitional society","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Latvian; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Political science; Independence (probability theory); Estonian; Population; Sociology; Linguistics; Demography","score_opus":0.03866548294025907,"score_gpt":0.49388081644662446,"score_spread":0.4552153335063654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035921459","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9720693,0.00064206583,0.000055494515,0.021328043,0.0025985932,0.00039183552,0.00003510143,0.000024179539,0.0028553745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843628,0.00037318075,0.004962745,0.0067027393,0.0029034826,0.000009016341,0.00006299647,0.000016722692,0.0006063397],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99740326,0.00024002162,0.0010462358,0.00032866336,0.00063243665,0.0003493709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99762577,0.00033852516,0.0004350699,0.00013823005,0.0011621877,0.00030024876],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024222988,0.00020782703,0.00033139906,0.00072893087,0.00015722722,0.0002012834,0.00047248133,0.00023537452,0.00014024418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014072328,0.00020271912,0.00022571943,0.00035019888,0.00018286965,0.00057614996,0.000013891586,0.00039615252,0.00000206199],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051479944,0.003684232,0.0029206069,0.000031138454,0.00006686841,0.000024822812,0.5593367,0.00012710583,0.0017607257,0.08222084,0.00039177915,0.34892035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012973253,0.0016631928,0.07450626,0.0011929073,0.00014805059,0.000508451,0.48996106,0.0018917854,0.0016017458,0.13217165,0.28126413,0.0021175116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016174375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003417592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34680283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002750064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005871568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036265610","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2010.488287","title":"Does bilingualism help memory? Competing effects of verbal ability and executive control","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; Baycrest Hospital","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Recall; Executive functions; Control (management); Developmental psychology; Working memory; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Psychiatry","score_opus":0.006718650864261941,"score_gpt":0.30060373347755254,"score_spread":0.2938850826132906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036265610","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98769456,0.00046034844,0.000028922275,0.0013187454,0.009815855,0.000318196,0.00003437039,0.00003351678,0.00029547894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99538636,0.00018990629,0.0008914334,0.0017177042,0.0016372886,0.000004294725,0.0000044803805,0.000025093796,0.00014345975],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971134,0.0003569085,0.0011083281,0.00053877826,0.00059850316,0.00028410272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947612,0.002595149,0.0010741035,0.00027888824,0.0010486981,0.0002419284],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011730059,0.00031134504,0.0005502561,0.0004423819,0.00013929742,0.00011257434,0.00056155026,0.00021682416,0.00004870305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009619905,0.00020393242,0.00019017672,0.00018186137,0.00082451425,0.0002954068,0.00013843816,0.00076110224,0.0000017605743],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024786216,0.0006367416,0.0019341534,0.00010408576,0.0000616803,0.0002534832,0.013095582,0.0000034540365,0.94391084,0.0009972577,0.000027380942,0.038727492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032161204,0.0004804342,0.0014416524,0.0003032608,0.00013495654,0.0041874433,0.0061891237,0.00010027431,0.9747865,0.005634039,0.003061749,0.00046443808],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010812844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000042800144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038263053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036262707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079358654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987225},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042383189","doi":"10.1080/13670051003787566","title":"The sociolinguistic competence of former immersion students at the post-secondary level: the case of lexical variation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Amgen (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"French immersion; Psychology; French; Competence (human resources); Neuroscience of multilingualism; AP French Language; Linguistics; Immersion (mathematics); Pedagogy; Sociology; Foreign language; Social psychology","score_opus":0.024384121606369945,"score_gpt":0.3963749162414322,"score_spread":0.37199079463506224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042383189","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826329,0.00032793364,0.000073404,0.007632698,0.007987598,0.00016157645,0.000022197179,0.0000038845715,0.0011578196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968643,0.0001827771,0.0003259605,0.0006510277,0.0014039841,0.0000021732003,0.000006525253,0.0000065478494,0.00055667746],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813044,0.00028868328,0.00071567256,0.00012158984,0.00060670124,0.00013691727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99412555,0.0017744767,0.0009796268,0.00016214668,0.0028811842,0.00007701675],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003394591,0.000093293456,0.00015101093,0.000095528834,0.000590015,0.00008538255,0.00064754277,0.00010109409,0.00019256015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0071209623,0.000049384897,0.000120002725,0.00011304246,0.0008074492,0.00007145255,0.00011005034,0.000379869,0.0000026351963],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000653879,0.0012957826,0.012206512,0.000040452956,0.000573266,0.000112816255,0.36954853,0.000027745422,0.022543002,0.45054892,0.0013784767,0.14107059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006024109,0.0010559497,0.16862601,0.00035505198,0.0008587078,0.009520632,0.42430967,0.00064333424,0.010511338,0.08459885,0.29248574,0.0010105931],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022767256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002829289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36595008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000681639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019488368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8524971},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052724438","doi":"10.1080/13670050608668652","title":"Language Discourses and Ideologies at the Heart of Early Childhood Education","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Early childhood education; Sociology; Immigration; Critical discourse analysis; Perspective (graphical); Early childhood; Gender studies; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language ideology; Discourse analysis; Pedagogy; Psychology; Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Politics; Political science","score_opus":0.018798310168399432,"score_gpt":0.4303364705002602,"score_spread":0.41153816033186075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052724438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790049,0.004466675,0.0000039294046,0.009789682,0.0026068077,0.00014036386,0.000010028447,0.0000121620815,0.0039654328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924264,0.0003999726,0.00043544936,0.000845123,0.0023406162,0.0000033681279,0.000011089394,0.00000914325,0.0035288676],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985342,0.00018051175,0.000530188,0.00014682327,0.00046659273,0.00014170613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99807715,0.0003659554,0.00051489007,0.000119267,0.00082360295,0.00009913577],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00084496546,0.000114128794,0.00017333985,0.00025048762,0.00021568208,0.00012212564,0.00027364754,0.00007903417,0.000117943535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011931654,0.00008278693,0.00008528191,0.00014899643,0.00050628,0.00020648503,0.000056154997,0.00015702234,0.000002914368],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011680005,0.0018766968,0.052240174,0.00003270917,0.00012204617,0.0000033060871,0.48361072,0.000021966878,0.0046987603,0.060389463,0.0059547564,0.39093262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010656749,0.00023943736,0.41310737,0.00036433322,0.00013614657,0.00042559335,0.30954042,0.0000074520426,0.008285556,0.018261366,0.24807505,0.0004916084],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0075498084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013593651,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.390441,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008943723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0032544236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999059},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061620697","doi":"10.2167/beb124b.0","title":"Living with Multiple Languages: Multilingualism, Identity, and Belonging","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Multilingualism; Ethnic group; Identity (music); Sociology; Linguistics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Translanguaging; Anthropology; Art; Philosophy","score_opus":0.024843891232327966,"score_gpt":0.4350759571445556,"score_spread":0.41023206591222766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061620697","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98858774,0.0019526111,0.00014966074,0.002045772,0.0016773238,0.00014997511,0.000006735566,0.00004275693,0.005387405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899357,0.00040454825,0.0038275274,0.00074169063,0.003285762,0.0000031660586,0.000008650688,0.000022169139,0.0017707954],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979498,0.00019187221,0.00060879433,0.00024926304,0.0007456889,0.00025460034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970683,0.00067316514,0.0005347533,0.00012031812,0.0013788912,0.00022460584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014041209,0.0001823869,0.000234699,0.00053067895,0.00030682315,0.00043571476,0.0003410968,0.00011496403,0.000094229516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018565798,0.00015877288,0.000073699586,0.00024269582,0.00033819294,0.0006636738,0.000067205634,0.00026192758,0.0000033341023],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017059152,0.0020604518,0.21545741,0.00010666688,0.00027521464,0.00009619176,0.3474666,0.00012953141,0.002692582,0.11794765,0.00066267385,0.31293443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0042632697,0.0004036478,0.13402842,0.0020086009,0.0003049456,0.0018743415,0.5200325,0.0005871494,0.0021418892,0.010368061,0.32221216,0.0017749851],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008557251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054999013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3215495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012941592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018357792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99804485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067749037","doi":"10.2167/beb441.0","title":"Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism: How Linguistic Experience Leads to Cognitive Change","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":358,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Cognition; Context (archaeology); Cognitive psychology; Cognitive skill; Multilingualism; Control (management); Developmental psychology; Executive functions; Cognitive decline; Linguistics; Dementia; Computer science; Medicine","score_opus":0.04289191770231535,"score_gpt":0.3902062153850314,"score_spread":0.34731429768271604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067749037","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898447,0.0011090732,0.00043977273,0.0006610441,0.0070282975,0.00053649466,0.000033494573,0.000037714613,0.00030944298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99045116,0.00017860052,0.000836186,0.0053494847,0.0028638588,0.000011704862,0.000010197015,0.00003694236,0.00026188305],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.996873,0.00024773632,0.0010088545,0.0005935776,0.00085078296,0.00042603826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925986,0.0035080665,0.0010115536,0.00018701021,0.0023160258,0.0003787268],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011097967,0.0003552061,0.00052616233,0.0010436663,0.00012084601,0.00011405719,0.00061765313,0.00020481626,0.00003388751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.027802952,0.00030418864,0.00021115472,0.0005161671,0.00048408838,0.00030716724,0.00017381072,0.00050403917,0.000008265555],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001218569,0.0017408966,0.004047567,0.00017237084,0.000105836494,0.002675373,0.1772574,0.0000011520688,0.632119,0.0011873087,0.000051675604,0.17942286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016067629,0.0011783346,0.0015074634,0.0012049715,0.000114699156,0.0033192434,0.0156074045,0.0000062145655,0.97283816,0.00075990503,0.0013983678,0.0004584462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006721472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032425705,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3407192,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007617263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006470084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994105},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068723704","doi":"10.1080/13670050802153400","title":"Conclusion: language and power <i>à la</i> Jim Cummins","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; Empowerment; Sociology; Power (physics); Agency (philosophy); Pedagogy; Linguistics; Epistemology; Political science; Social science","score_opus":0.01924577529835607,"score_gpt":0.45972566589585073,"score_spread":0.44047989059749465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068723704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95071006,0.0021029345,0.000016120717,0.014145467,0.0025604567,0.00009752915,0.0000054852717,0.000024452274,0.030337512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885835,0.00087480334,0.0010666484,0.004827437,0.0019277381,7.554272e-7,0.0000051534576,0.000008080473,0.0027058953],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998498,0.00019202045,0.0004642421,0.00016877099,0.00051065447,0.0001663048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981481,0.00028781855,0.0003391859,0.00009709343,0.000845277,0.0002825363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011533112,0.00012675102,0.00017838045,0.00031143206,0.0001878095,0.00023245257,0.00027812563,0.000118026954,0.00020232997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018021613,0.0001121634,0.00007458093,0.00014661165,0.00023710726,0.00026928252,0.000033414573,0.0002390862,0.000005228535],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008262177,0.0006096436,0.00088903634,0.0000068918516,0.00004523754,0.000032708376,0.38569996,0.000001825905,0.0022163552,0.055053417,0.0019779569,0.55338436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010194978,0.00018674745,0.0041783173,0.00015867618,0.000038210546,0.00046350362,0.13471958,0.000015130641,0.0011248614,0.0059314813,0.85185045,0.00031355748],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044570808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000097118165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84987247,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008049663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020164168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45738906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098394044","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2013.820686","title":"The effect of sociolinguistic factors and English language proficiency on the development of French as a third language","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Université de Saint-Boniface","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Language proficiency; Metalinguistic awareness; Reading comprehension; Literacy; Psychology; Language assessment; Reading (process); Neuroscience of multilingualism; Multilingualism; First language; Linguistics; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.010280609633430181,"score_gpt":0.3482490257711949,"score_spread":0.3379684161377647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2098394044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930496,0.001199769,0.0000057655548,0.00029564532,0.0024061578,0.00021602334,0.0000036253832,0.0000069846687,0.0028164228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984277,0.00002028115,0.00021780813,0.000092350376,0.0003486987,0.0000092101645,0.0000054075754,0.000009119093,0.00086944184],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984277,0.00018675391,0.00069409906,0.00014536658,0.00041370746,0.00013238257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99695694,0.001586141,0.0005992697,0.00014206358,0.0006488432,0.00006671268],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012582961,0.00014305864,0.00020567776,0.00017110606,0.0000982716,0.00007055827,0.00031630578,0.00006418201,0.00011013491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028481812,0.00006990849,0.0000714397,0.000089144196,0.00015958097,0.00004693044,0.000043128508,0.0002315722,0.0000054687634],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010631814,0.00030187424,0.03363307,0.00004561716,0.0003271428,0.0000061807364,0.847988,0.0000016192731,0.0029743055,0.0032688424,0.00052448566,0.11082252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029539696,0.0021730182,0.28969458,0.0014187304,0.00017792458,0.00031671877,0.5541228,0.000051562572,0.1330387,0.0024349063,0.01287441,0.000742645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024015094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011958972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2938652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044212808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042466293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34097445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119191194","doi":"10.1080/13670050408667807","title":"Teacher Identity as Pedagogy: Towards a Field-Internal Conceptualisation in Bilingual and Second Language Education","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":345,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Identity (music); Field (mathematics); Bilingual education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Linguistics; Translanguaging; Mathematics education; Psychology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.015021028291264804,"score_gpt":0.3575448392082829,"score_spread":0.3425238109170181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119191194","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841695,0.0030445994,0.000041856514,0.0018764363,0.0038009332,0.00011657865,0.000006477048,0.000025313315,0.00691833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913507,0.000071338945,0.00031034485,0.0022295157,0.0031502394,0.0000034770173,0.000022654118,0.000019976927,0.0028417627],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836636,0.00012370938,0.0006730022,0.00026164096,0.00040593816,0.00016936714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986337,0.00014590446,0.0004517614,0.00011721828,0.00052315736,0.00012825304],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082944956,0.00019062248,0.00025251895,0.0005810045,0.00011061337,0.00044864483,0.00026284158,0.00009849163,0.0013789539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014041384,0.00016919605,0.00009272987,0.00006000282,0.00014279582,0.0007495737,0.000059968723,0.0005352119,0.000008806938],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013898355,0.0007801814,0.0025128063,0.000046629284,0.00010201891,0.00005900027,0.55237544,0.000017191922,0.0010936189,0.04836885,0.00015920453,0.39434606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034527092,0.0006715766,0.0034782628,0.00094962737,0.00009951353,0.0020173967,0.91172606,0.000057712623,0.0036465947,0.020668209,0.052526716,0.0007056474],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007230534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008116623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39364043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015899059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002219099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995339},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119936510","doi":"10.2167/beb414.0","title":"Grievability of First Language Loss: Towards a Reconceptualisation of European Minority Language Education Practices","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Mainstream; Minority language; Immigration; Sociology; Linguistics; Pedagogy; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.07089691173809902,"score_gpt":0.4668345295595791,"score_spread":0.39593761782148007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119936510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97490025,0.0019124175,0.000014907674,0.0021144657,0.0031001263,0.00019019775,0.000024838142,0.000017593515,0.017725227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927042,0.001122527,0.0018514051,0.0003375319,0.0026164153,0.0000026059988,0.000029264273,0.000012817246,0.0013232232],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971715,0.00057232595,0.0010890844,0.00022325532,0.00078117434,0.00016266745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99396044,0.0004443302,0.002529853,0.00021868001,0.0026459487,0.00020072176],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022524095,0.00015710288,0.00030874112,0.0004399886,0.00016526296,0.000049036094,0.0004975336,0.00010994053,0.00028070825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009936079,0.00014750384,0.00016385686,0.00030512616,0.0006017341,0.0004661573,0.00004835942,0.00024292331,0.000003840983],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001856213,0.0023595316,0.03414675,0.00012898807,0.0001166533,0.000010639394,0.742956,0.000007821433,0.0022394117,0.0038760707,0.00082746235,0.21314505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019056988,0.00041920383,0.06731763,0.0006771453,0.00019710265,0.00059529464,0.7312144,0.000046541427,0.020645814,0.0011704714,0.17511497,0.0006957405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010347538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010994046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21244931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017046448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0059791794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165707755","doi":"10.2167/beb444.0","title":"The Influence of Dominance and Sociolinguistic Context on Bilingual Preschoolers' Language Choice","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Dominance (genetics); Linguistics; French; Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Context (archaeology); Sociology; History","score_opus":0.021430336415677362,"score_gpt":0.45680880644557637,"score_spread":0.435378470029899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165707755","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893725,0.0024421022,0.000009337374,0.0024714835,0.002803306,0.00017847163,0.000007651075,0.0000141607325,0.00270099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936798,0.0009561681,0.00028817295,0.0011900224,0.0025346708,0.0000016044568,0.0000021181713,0.000013213937,0.0013341869],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977827,0.00018110126,0.0008607704,0.00020762929,0.00070484175,0.000262935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99440795,0.0024148517,0.000849982,0.00016698785,0.0019077783,0.0002524559],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030504228,0.0001617963,0.00023156314,0.00030543382,0.00033958585,0.00014259292,0.00047878386,0.00012747715,0.000023292238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013926004,0.00012318155,0.000095558156,0.00019219858,0.00068008265,0.00015390715,0.00004733636,0.00036735594,0.000003004704],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041209863,0.00055573735,0.008486285,0.000041999505,0.00014538379,0.00001826593,0.34001926,0.000054070453,0.002092033,0.06820901,0.0003209673,0.5796449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002648239,0.0004912304,0.082145326,0.00088155933,0.000118559685,0.00019450075,0.36383164,0.00003439161,0.008763959,0.005226059,0.5349883,0.00067626295],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024481453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020216699,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57896864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012761448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0031217309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9943801},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2335932588","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2015.1072980","title":"The arts and emergent bilingual youth: building culturally responsive, critical and creative education in school and community contexts","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Art Education and Development","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"The arts; Theory of multiple intelligences; Pedagogy; Sociology; Bilingual education; Language arts; Visual arts education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Visual arts","score_opus":0.05600183865793325,"score_gpt":0.3854228035763744,"score_spread":0.32942096491844114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2335932588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9836021,0.004698509,0.0000069690595,0.006350382,0.0030603788,0.00015645813,0.00000954745,0.000009850058,0.0021057965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945474,0.0007798536,0.00075601024,0.0011102614,0.0009025949,0.000004993831,0.000011664928,0.000011232722,0.001875947],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983584,0.00032900667,0.0006444375,0.00017909349,0.0003393198,0.00014972792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967373,0.00065625546,0.00027809266,0.00010222296,0.001918061,0.00030807624],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016346455,0.00016846434,0.00019894527,0.00029611663,0.0004800628,0.0004997749,0.00015988048,0.000056093708,0.000041651674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005432753,0.00011937367,0.00003174465,0.00004869247,0.0005206394,0.0003811757,0.00010827975,0.00045555958,0.0000013938665],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051688886,0.0010162368,0.006215574,0.000040121937,0.00011645203,0.000007480672,0.7633263,0.0000026143614,0.000248112,0.102487706,0.0024250725,0.123597465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011126336,0.00031282534,0.009951502,0.0004437084,0.00005434173,0.00041567418,0.85803217,0.00003736535,0.00027862052,0.026877178,0.1021584,0.00032560053],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005898132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009852658,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12327187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011943327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002742598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6503905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2402604956","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2015.1041875","title":"The bilingual advantage for immigrant students in French immersion in Canada: linking advantages to contextual variables","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Nipissing University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ministère de l’Éducation, Gouvernement de l’Ontario; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Immigration; French immersion; Psychology; First language; AP French Language; Language proficiency; Multilingualism; Context (archaeology); Neuroscience of multilingualism; Second-language acquisition; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Foreign language; Political science; History","score_opus":0.021502519493562796,"score_gpt":0.32442307656837016,"score_spread":0.30292055707480736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2402604956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99031836,0.0026134483,0.000033492382,0.0012493652,0.005225924,0.00021223778,0.00001851794,0.000006545116,0.00032212588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99642783,0.00007366968,0.00031679656,0.0010516621,0.0013314451,0.0000068791537,0.000019778585,0.000016507815,0.0007554065],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980737,0.00013891689,0.000784306,0.00020587609,0.0005610014,0.00023623105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979783,0.00072377524,0.00034768577,0.00010361428,0.0007023106,0.00014429794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020462505,0.0001576682,0.00024556968,0.00038030016,0.00013181182,0.00028373924,0.0004631242,0.000040751474,0.000030852272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014674909,0.00011314381,0.000060500894,0.00006857027,0.0000578197,0.0001886692,0.00006915808,0.00035292158,0.000001277031],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007094814,0.0007407751,0.0700667,0.0000467974,0.00017342671,0.00015122454,0.55002713,0.00084027066,0.00043308805,0.0098510375,0.0009318924,0.36602816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028279717,0.00031405073,0.0029815228,0.000647371,0.000029653573,0.0001427038,0.85551184,0.00034340032,0.00029348975,0.0011344473,0.13541691,0.00035664983],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.37428972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.78572416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4114344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004718318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0037267795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6611147},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2515340701","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2016.1228599","title":"Whose ASL counts? Linguistic prescriptivism and challenges in the context of parent sign language curriculum development","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Curriculum; Context (archaeology); American Sign Language; Sign (mathematics); Linguistics; Sign language; Sociology; Psychology; Pedagogy; Geography","score_opus":0.0689535828694985,"score_gpt":0.3814918108145074,"score_spread":0.3125382279450089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2515340701","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841251,0.010056823,0.000016677106,0.0023520538,0.0011692091,0.00008229103,0.0000020675895,0.000004496638,0.0021912751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997879,0.0012322522,0.00019316953,0.00017484093,0.00026625727,0.000004607431,0.0000021039184,0.0000050897515,0.00024266144],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991341,0.00012631624,0.00036524783,0.0000926177,0.0002080614,0.0000736453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991325,0.0002219782,0.00022498611,0.00011261562,0.00027392872,0.00003397171],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00075335253,0.00006903351,0.00010545735,0.00014533658,0.000020229452,0.00002160409,0.00021131293,0.000042023406,0.0000628618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040309038,0.000040795843,0.000025021467,0.000038181737,0.00006062155,0.000046243906,0.000028576625,0.000097329255,0.0000053048307],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004401255,0.00067414204,0.006361139,0.00001837245,0.00006141692,0.000012611464,0.12438629,9.114376e-8,0.00037885146,0.010733373,0.00026174934,0.85706794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0039945636,0.00075870304,0.21481338,0.0019542049,0.00009186985,0.0010971954,0.25549307,0.000028048249,0.0019363267,0.005447224,0.5138113,0.00057409535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000056448138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000031621483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85649383,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036144582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023532531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16636062},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2585403045","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2017.1281216","title":"Speaking an Aboriginal language and school outcomes for Canadian First Nations children living off reserve","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada","funders":"Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Demography; Geography; Sociology","score_opus":0.017235539429474887,"score_gpt":0.40374706411073086,"score_spread":0.386511524681256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2585403045","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861827,0.00064567773,0.000011825058,0.003452793,0.0034401398,0.00031979987,0.000034577955,0.000011933592,0.0059005595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989694,0.0028790303,0.0015688243,0.00019439303,0.0037149591,0.0000022212896,0.000019793042,0.0000142736935,0.001912507],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861324,0.00009991122,0.00042649114,0.00020366146,0.00039268722,0.0002639976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99693596,0.00039907751,0.0005571507,0.00018291907,0.0014217643,0.00050314155],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016340363,0.00012296607,0.00017430123,0.0005480923,0.005883984,0.0007203072,0.0005444829,0.000112612586,0.00008063747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012124245,0.00010469421,0.00006900562,0.00006323805,0.00021501665,0.00081472873,0.0000042608162,0.00018337088,0.0000024019714],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032915166,0.0004333351,0.23318857,0.00003461665,0.00014903347,0.00000869112,0.6767916,0.000005868377,0.000010385232,0.07389877,0.00013952712,0.015306694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089923805,0.00018732992,0.2913375,0.0005507996,0.00009365059,0.00019377559,0.100591525,0.00005049256,0.000080665544,0.0026340575,0.6028991,0.00048191575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6523986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98966074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60275954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032106988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.028153053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9954102},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589049782","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2017.1281217","title":"Is early immersion effective for Aboriginal language acquisition? A case study from an Anishinaabemowin kindergarten","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Language acquisition; Psychology; Immersion (mathematics); Linguistics; Second-language acquisition; Mathematics education; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03731831552714431,"score_gpt":0.5350493376193662,"score_spread":0.4977310220922219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2589049782","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894359,0.00027625813,0.000046503683,0.003806366,0.00501456,0.0005674502,0.00006508734,0.000019009685,0.00076885277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914765,0.000063513486,0.00102624,0.0012361383,0.005534544,0.000017129783,0.000018353767,0.000019081404,0.0006084961],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998083,0.0002776752,0.0005271621,0.00031729703,0.0005819983,0.00021285939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99645257,0.00037169052,0.0008260573,0.00030086664,0.0017166573,0.000332171],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014572032,0.00017639807,0.00025136492,0.00025240183,0.0009251152,0.00088728714,0.00063555903,0.00012863331,0.00021386606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00093616766,0.00016287793,0.00013849777,0.000069004396,0.00020524712,0.0008733889,0.00003921498,0.00023439813,0.000006785833],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030227966,0.0021788867,0.032078497,0.000009287322,0.0002284905,0.00029151043,0.7434615,0.0000016745425,0.00066138344,0.0011210302,0.00044226134,0.2192232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004190887,0.0010961222,0.062090382,0.00017994916,0.00025760513,0.0007532507,0.88475215,0.000119286036,0.0018367413,0.0031772887,0.040971972,0.0005743832],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037858784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002350464,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2186488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017606282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020908548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9685482},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2745983883","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2017.1358695","title":"Are background variables good predictors of need for L2 assistance in school? Effects of age, L1, amount, and timing of exposure on Icelandic language and nonword repetition scores","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Icelandic; Repetition (rhetorical device); Vocabulary; First language; Grammar; Psychology; Linguistics; Test (biology)","score_opus":0.020836605731606214,"score_gpt":0.3562821229190661,"score_spread":0.33544551718745985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2745983883","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99574393,0.001987799,0.000028401228,0.00014701461,0.0012458041,0.00018365102,0.000022336297,0.0000033297383,0.0006377388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984485,0.00014496045,0.00075194624,0.000080029604,0.00022234532,0.0000056341764,0.000015253252,0.000010463925,0.00032089176],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988668,0.000060693186,0.00056528347,0.00017185624,0.00023818245,0.00009716367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977089,0.00039948744,0.0013261494,0.00014360387,0.0003601453,0.00006169457],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053001096,0.000117389805,0.00028384334,0.00061810005,0.000046198496,0.00005601312,0.00017396643,0.00009715671,0.00002825344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013700642,0.00009209499,0.000050732935,0.00009501723,0.0001473564,0.00014852718,0.000033038115,0.0001224587,1.3614554e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018194228,0.0013643587,0.9138991,0.00080847903,0.00042834814,0.00007697339,0.03858906,0.00001080531,0.012903955,0.0034137834,0.00029632475,0.026389388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004166889,0.00048190448,0.96190906,0.0019072513,0.00008640074,0.00006725834,0.024749111,0.000015247587,0.0048036715,0.0013273002,0.00030574974,0.00018014672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031625314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002374335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04800997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002967647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019340876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37555248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755995133","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2017.1374329","title":"Using Talanoa to develop bilingual word lists of technical vocabulary in the trades","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies; Victoria University; University of Victoria","keywords":"Vocabulary; Linguistics; Word (group theory); Vocabulary development; Language acquisition; Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology","score_opus":0.13588463403194975,"score_gpt":0.5425810617309901,"score_spread":0.40669642769904035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2755995133","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830281,0.00031231702,0.000039044346,0.009378496,0.0030498274,0.00023592042,0.00000795278,0.000009099813,0.0039392565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99155414,0.0001704716,0.0045321356,0.0012668403,0.002125593,0.0000028367053,0.000003913554,0.000012714947,0.0003313262],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99752355,0.00028809087,0.00090508163,0.00021457371,0.0008340673,0.00023466205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965325,0.00041099018,0.0008537828,0.00029287575,0.0017146688,0.00019520093],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031080842,0.00015621257,0.00027658517,0.00055462227,0.0003528204,0.0003294875,0.0013088384,0.00014424273,0.000058024714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011419539,0.00012178272,0.00010086095,0.00033549828,0.00042915266,0.00030450593,0.00009252049,0.0003443795,0.0000024467813],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003127366,0.0020237605,0.033262372,0.000052531348,0.00010707254,0.00006609874,0.53976697,0.00009027895,0.007595567,0.029614784,0.00074547314,0.38636234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035899351,0.0004991487,0.22543605,0.0021602046,0.00020472378,0.001550757,0.294388,0.00022626139,0.008775919,0.012548138,0.44909722,0.0015236686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032967571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022853496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44835174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001866504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0071040397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2762097733","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2017.1384447","title":"Heritage language classes and bilingual competence: the case of Albanian immigrant children in Greece","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Social Fund; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","keywords":"Heritage language; Immigration; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Competence (human resources); Linguistics; Native-language instruction; Bilingual education; Language proficiency; First language; Psychology; Sociology; Pedagogy; Political science; Teaching method; Vocabulary development","score_opus":0.028169935453446527,"score_gpt":0.45339539753131447,"score_spread":0.42522546207786793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2762097733","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880229,0.0016806057,0.0000025916613,0.006549537,0.0018744114,0.00019513609,0.000019734964,0.000008305908,0.0016467761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960949,0.0007909107,0.0005228117,0.0005817333,0.0014235423,0.0000020523673,0.0000045032093,0.000011798508,0.0005677621],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99825907,0.00023952348,0.0007038492,0.0002082773,0.0003886064,0.00020070531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974525,0.0004174541,0.00090799603,0.00026450318,0.0007840135,0.00017354623],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001813415,0.0001521832,0.0002628169,0.00032229692,0.00044324374,0.00032049746,0.00066449196,0.00011017897,0.00006653498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037451293,0.000114711016,0.00009342799,0.00011611298,0.0007942381,0.0003265654,0.00009565973,0.00032894322,0.0000012788661],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012643052,0.0007534247,0.04639545,0.00003518523,0.00012891648,0.00027150923,0.53562945,0.000008112385,0.0012398694,0.022068072,0.00012560567,0.39321795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034871125,0.0003159235,0.17632556,0.00081290863,0.00015313567,0.007530079,0.7749676,0.00025602817,0.0031057636,0.005672612,0.026548697,0.0008245773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036014356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023611438,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39239338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008032168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024012409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9942051},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2763967208","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2017.1383353","title":"Introduction: instructional practices and teacher development in CLIL and immersion school settings","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Bilingual education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Mathematics education; Immersion (mathematics); Multilingualism; Sociology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.02394763503721033,"score_gpt":0.3339338664404843,"score_spread":0.30998623140327397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2763967208","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98632133,0.0012650948,0.0000022806917,0.007970643,0.0025428962,0.0000479072,0.0000012719705,0.0000073247747,0.0018412712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99090654,0.00014736963,0.0013249447,0.00042484293,0.0048985337,0.0000014535525,0.0000070272035,0.000008937894,0.0022803638],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990211,0.000059543054,0.00039957018,0.00019098961,0.00023638169,0.00009240234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984786,0.000079402336,0.0009250055,0.000088011315,0.0003411876,0.00008780209],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000914322,0.0001065103,0.00013990536,0.00027431594,0.00036355833,0.0006848745,0.00015138733,0.0000474776,0.00047215266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017798258,0.00008916818,0.000024758181,0.00001163707,0.00018276199,0.00067674473,0.00006952005,0.00037625065,0.0000026937043],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001662073,0.00030245812,0.030995633,0.000048824335,0.00013465899,0.000025868247,0.10323626,0.000003245995,0.00057825353,0.01008416,0.0008773374,0.8535471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016491206,0.00012679398,0.04902415,0.00037528964,0.000047107922,0.0015872862,0.12879825,0.00009601087,0.0004904422,0.0010644826,0.8163803,0.00036075548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040286136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002402472,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85318637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005451841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038228816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.660426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791197970","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2018.1447545","title":"When ‘domestic’ and ‘international’ students study abroad: reflections on language learning, contact, and culture","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Study abroad; Acculturation; Psychology; Intercultural communication; Language acquisition; Pedagogy; Perception; Language proficiency; Foreign language; Language barrier; Target culture; Multilingualism; Intercultural learning; Sociology; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Ethnic group","score_opus":0.03719830089134637,"score_gpt":0.4373767716739621,"score_spread":0.40017847078261576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791197970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855009,0.0005664666,0.000010655396,0.0011949617,0.0034734148,0.000116370655,0.000005970707,0.00003120896,0.00910005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97335416,0.00014080263,0.00024352275,0.0007399941,0.0039127,0.0000027210945,0.0000102600225,0.000017046226,0.02157882],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861735,0.00015441919,0.0004173937,0.00023572237,0.00045634233,0.00011876707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984811,0.00015095965,0.00035918024,0.00008348582,0.00080921786,0.000116061536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070929824,0.0001620217,0.00018543411,0.0003637453,0.00033324194,0.00062598306,0.00024167498,0.000051085375,0.00036409314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00084533094,0.00012762127,0.00004643013,0.000028303464,0.00016836905,0.00023530249,0.00007621151,0.00047709295,0.000007882215],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021305366,0.001304696,0.01949775,0.000012467696,0.0004113781,0.000038109672,0.9234964,0.0000046942228,0.0006097796,0.0071070627,0.0019415102,0.04536308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025579196,0.0028379227,0.008954029,0.0003890165,0.00015119763,0.00070676015,0.3982209,0.000071716335,0.00012294258,0.0027680632,0.58280677,0.00041277733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034135883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038047487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58086526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058179376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014292561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6036369},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890095371","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2018.1509940","title":"Curriculum genres and task structure as frameworks to analyse teachers’ use of L1 in CBI classrooms","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"University of Hong Kong","keywords":"Curriculum; Task (project management); Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Foreign language; Process (computing); Content (measure theory); Language education; Subject (documents); Content analysis; Dual (grammatical number); Teaching method; Psychology; Computer science; Sociology; Linguistics","score_opus":0.015736700900253663,"score_gpt":0.3222837336398352,"score_spread":0.30654703273958156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890095371","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99625236,0.0007632058,0.00002556788,0.00070047943,0.0018715531,0.000068009176,0.000011713615,0.000008780929,0.00029830527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947828,0.000038170285,0.001162965,0.0013400238,0.0020769918,7.2091177e-7,0.000009666983,0.000012605736,0.0005760584],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987754,0.00010317184,0.00052703393,0.00018005772,0.00028962689,0.00012468484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856436,0.00015320083,0.0003632216,0.000100793826,0.0007073408,0.00011105434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003852657,0.00013136523,0.00021846656,0.000582586,0.00007700032,0.0002577649,0.00017892341,0.00010758362,0.0006141702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013512523,0.00010383871,0.00006172843,0.00006851179,0.00017830374,0.00026850338,0.00004863084,0.0005219305,0.0000024439219],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001042876,0.00042511203,0.04602965,0.000024996523,0.00021520031,0.000031443913,0.6406362,0.000061807914,0.0020534974,0.009752463,0.0004901561,0.3001752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019529389,0.0013351577,0.014477426,0.0016790663,0.0002035495,0.00086630945,0.7502636,0.00087907823,0.0023184088,0.0066487384,0.21849559,0.0008801793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029692152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024334812,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.299295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047519283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026764435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6724733},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891037785","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2018.1508277","title":"Western and heritage cultural internalizations predict EFL students’ language motivation and confidence","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heritage language; Psychology; Cultural heritage; Western culture; English as a foreign language; Foreign language; Language acquisition; Target culture; Pedagogy; Sociology; Mathematics education; History","score_opus":0.029278357136190338,"score_gpt":0.36257086414500017,"score_spread":0.33329250700880986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2891037785","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951892,0.0011298193,0.00009088645,0.0006678297,0.002029401,0.000067379304,0.000008176085,0.000022660955,0.00079467776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99359345,0.00015062545,0.0002261091,0.000493482,0.0030573935,0.0000014188465,0.0000131019215,0.000012293062,0.0024521155],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989001,0.00009246384,0.00040105492,0.00015175172,0.0003431314,0.000111464804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986395,0.00014629826,0.00031281044,0.00006626951,0.0007263462,0.00010873074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005472345,0.00012462382,0.0001477219,0.00020223862,0.0001877624,0.00052952435,0.00017619268,0.000042403943,0.00018714221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005187091,0.000099252306,0.00003441305,0.000028405775,0.00033873,0.0004790541,0.00007149482,0.00021307306,0.0000035546882],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000100565645,0.00038088902,0.11021597,0.000049788137,0.00020903679,0.000010875529,0.8142769,0.0000026749985,0.0014583269,0.018934997,0.0002973926,0.054062586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036912796,0.0016851573,0.09012436,0.0027414558,0.0003547039,0.0027465464,0.7223021,0.00044732942,0.0019086401,0.0041028573,0.16874307,0.0011525207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024646273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015329366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16844568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033746805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010848073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51062155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944557057","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2020.1810203","title":"Exploring content and language co-construction in CLIL with semantic waves","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Unpacking; Computer science; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Linguistics; Psychology","score_opus":0.1155744715874722,"score_gpt":0.30949044737783693,"score_spread":0.19391597579036474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2944557057","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950247,0.00094349636,0.000016398139,0.0019885704,0.00083336566,0.000054391865,0.000003858326,0.000016058013,0.0011191919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99674684,0.00012269296,0.00052095734,0.0009991698,0.0014555729,0.0000016490325,0.000007373486,0.000011014964,0.00013476057],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991517,0.00005784297,0.00034830376,0.00014019078,0.00021123576,0.00009070774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931484,0.00009808844,0.0002339322,0.00004197445,0.00022218087,0.00008896216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026832885,0.00010155682,0.00016312739,0.00021872869,0.000063480635,0.00019630721,0.0000935539,0.000021830154,0.00012708845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002996615,0.000076458164,0.000033426848,0.000031381485,0.00011863541,0.00035701992,0.000016913707,0.000269593,0.000001746795],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020756813,0.00014882097,0.00955532,0.000054673652,0.00010614538,0.00010867531,0.66446394,0.000020033658,0.0018175463,0.009487158,0.000027628586,0.31400248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020001389,0.00045025017,0.0036835647,0.00054328213,0.000055724522,0.0009982792,0.97229856,0.00024273484,0.0026104266,0.0002485019,0.01653207,0.000336477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044954775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023663229,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31366602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026096548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016464894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31178737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981266174","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2019.1675583","title":"Oral proficiency development of K-4 learners of the Swiss two-way immersion program FiBi (<i>Filière Bilingue</i>) in a highly multicultural context","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"German; Context (archaeology); French immersion; Multiculturalism; Mathematics education; Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language proficiency; Pedagogy; Linguistics; Geography","score_opus":0.017596796550615013,"score_gpt":0.3096170650103934,"score_spread":0.29202026845977835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981266174","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951058,0.0006694952,0.0000018436806,0.00037297065,0.002740613,0.00024921354,0.000004131246,0.00000949925,0.00084643654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973652,0.00000804091,0.00085916795,0.00015884919,0.00029251544,0.0000027867327,0.000009612981,0.000011137931,0.0012926976],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998265,0.00011888359,0.0008475279,0.00017064957,0.00044750955,0.00015039052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99824816,0.000113454844,0.00076786615,0.00011677473,0.0007020891,0.000051669158],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008060581,0.00014022384,0.0002638213,0.0002720968,0.000071864386,0.000069835245,0.00033287326,0.000048345875,0.0001855992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035976025,0.00008786811,0.00012878662,0.00008531113,0.00016289137,0.00017932476,0.00006202738,0.00033417327,0.0000029807384],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001511953,0.0013119823,0.017248336,0.00011675038,0.00013041073,0.0000048653915,0.5668998,0.00018070365,0.011666937,0.0038411547,0.000046078792,0.3984018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004366557,0.00061583717,0.01079106,0.0019782218,0.00007941306,0.00016705373,0.9220693,0.00094593444,0.03219315,0.000264813,0.025980748,0.00054787035],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00075668225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007273221,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3978539,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007803445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070411776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35831577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2983485357","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2019.1691499","title":"Intergenerational language transmission in Quebec: patterns and predictors in the light of provincial language planning","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Prestige; Context (archaeology); Solidarity; First language; Psychology; Language proficiency; Social distance; Sociology; Social psychology; Linguistics; Demography; Geography; Political science; Medicine; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pedagogy","score_opus":0.016932755079811682,"score_gpt":0.4099738249043155,"score_spread":0.3930410698245038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2983485357","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919268,0.00095540873,0.000012990955,0.003655404,0.0012696728,0.00019714104,0.000007678414,0.0000048657257,0.0019700453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974049,0.00012593517,0.00018611502,0.0005187072,0.0008814215,0.0000029398498,0.000012963459,0.0000070442484,0.0008600296],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983782,0.00026200115,0.0005881222,0.00014517432,0.0004942601,0.00013219964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904376,0.0002329823,0.00031096544,0.00007777147,0.00025730353,0.000077195495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012847858,0.00010214056,0.00017328798,0.00047373318,0.000043376487,0.00008888365,0.0002901172,0.00009015295,0.00013243842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054948643,0.00007683759,0.000053421736,0.00017371976,0.00007583173,0.0002407377,0.000021329883,0.00024523385,8.870065e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009326172,0.00041250087,0.092907764,0.000037890677,0.00002052557,0.000013350858,0.8188591,0.00003407949,0.0031405608,0.0037472693,0.00007413169,0.080659576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024152966,0.00022311651,0.14153773,0.0011979558,0.000035842237,0.00011652981,0.7953305,0.0003118215,0.0041059055,0.00057998183,0.05374364,0.00040166738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016962808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012301595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08025791,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000093867944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015840736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9895833},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2987904819","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2019.1677551","title":"Language proficiency, reading comprehension and home literacy in bilingual children: the impact of context","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Ottawa; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; NIH Clinical Center","keywords":"Reading comprehension; Vocabulary; Psychology; Literacy; Linguistics; Reading (process); Language proficiency; Context (archaeology); Comprehension; First language; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.00970935181443231,"score_gpt":0.3783542070628572,"score_spread":0.3686448552484249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2987904819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933848,0.0035445772,0.000005931806,0.00027976147,0.0020116807,0.00023254623,0.000011108435,0.00000772223,0.0005219011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99853027,0.00008906002,0.0002712825,0.00020908623,0.00034126485,0.0000020261582,0.000015295529,0.0000139304075,0.00052781217],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982738,0.00016213997,0.00081892574,0.00023869213,0.00033382748,0.00017264906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982049,0.0003894803,0.00058235426,0.00017936113,0.00056089624,0.00008302678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00095412636,0.00016767309,0.00030128923,0.00053279777,0.000036426998,0.00009420824,0.00029042395,0.000083262894,0.00016240549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002462801,0.00010663174,0.00011386969,0.00020128081,0.00010744843,0.00018350201,0.0000632937,0.00031798246,0.000006416933],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004072208,0.0007859914,0.5210674,0.000023362883,0.00022424002,0.000026076581,0.20346457,0.000050012964,0.0055669216,0.0015538705,0.00014158468,0.26668873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002485849,0.0005749437,0.9583768,0.0007038232,0.000030601565,0.0022830795,0.03256083,0.00030672277,0.0010374186,0.0006317754,0.00069947494,0.00030863812],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008453982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000088973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43730944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009034591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006632664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43483165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993132641","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2019.1699898","title":"Invisible experiences, muted voices, and the language socialization of Québec, migrant-background students","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Socialization; Psychology; Sociology; Developmental psychology","score_opus":0.02346773114023701,"score_gpt":0.4474160354254235,"score_spread":0.4239483042851865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2993132641","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98816645,0.002934925,0.000011236154,0.004223236,0.0029177042,0.00022889052,0.0000041139097,0.000010241126,0.0015032163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99447125,0.00072066236,0.00021371956,0.0011219531,0.001043819,0.000004798385,0.000007274216,0.00000944283,0.0024070696],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99798954,0.00030263996,0.00062684575,0.0001577981,0.0007850853,0.00013808547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975789,0.00047825315,0.00070875685,0.00011561147,0.0009969905,0.000121490826],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001675509,0.00011561668,0.00024019733,0.00025757944,0.000157341,0.00019593646,0.0004823024,0.00008934267,0.00026410978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011997386,0.00008447959,0.00009012686,0.0002174019,0.00050818844,0.0002588275,0.000056516805,0.00016559858,0.0000044716808],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001843979,0.00034888284,0.012893128,0.000025880187,0.000100052624,0.0000014474026,0.93928635,0.0000051826732,0.00041504283,0.009653637,0.00033376247,0.036752243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028628435,0.0000882971,0.0046684262,0.00020610493,0.000065163586,0.00005517012,0.8652566,0.00008094629,0.00085363514,0.0010378291,0.124594636,0.00023035957],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027443534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004858341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12426087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009858732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027918261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9790328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003115793","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2020.1718591","title":"English medium instruction in South Asia’s multilingual schools: unpacking the dynamics of ideological orientations, policy/practices, and democratic questions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Unpacking; Ideology; Medium of instruction; Democracy; Multilingual Education; Dynamics (music); Sociology; Mathematics education; Translanguaging; Multilingualism; Political science; Pedagogy; Linguistics; Psychology; Politics","score_opus":0.03198156602300672,"score_gpt":0.3366717424821154,"score_spread":0.3046901764591087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3003115793","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898198,0.000803301,0.000057762478,0.0068785483,0.0017346985,0.000099018696,0.000014845164,0.000018387835,0.00057360274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99528694,0.00007841092,0.00066107075,0.00085897255,0.0029614605,0.00000216489,0.000021597096,0.0000113235865,0.000118055366],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846214,0.00022229282,0.0006937505,0.00017693355,0.00032865343,0.000116256815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975534,0.00039591733,0.0010342423,0.000076698394,0.000838788,0.00010094901],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007494578,0.0001291937,0.00020715305,0.00033572572,0.00014588237,0.00021208849,0.00021856876,0.00006486703,0.00006950553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010352867,0.00009369063,0.00006257103,0.00011007724,0.00022246367,0.0003519118,0.00005299559,0.00062421244,7.30469e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017754591,0.00030888678,0.028615128,0.000065117565,0.00015856359,0.000023633822,0.74138844,0.0002442305,0.00022748283,0.081342444,0.000061833976,0.14738667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017906604,0.00037378795,0.0058564777,0.0003712507,0.00011889759,0.00030488955,0.9747845,0.0040614265,0.0003092868,0.0041577723,0.0075668525,0.00030418788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009357566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012201124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23339604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000076363045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008416659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99798334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009242358","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2020.1733928","title":"L2 motivation among hearing learners of Finnish Sign Language","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Sign language; Psychology; Sociolinguistics of sign languages; Competence (human resources); Language acquisition; Deaf education; Linguistics; Manually coded language; Mathematics education; Social psychology","score_opus":0.051236239704195774,"score_gpt":0.3827170273468347,"score_spread":0.33148078764263894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3009242358","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928234,0.0005968838,0.00016434702,0.0028486156,0.001312084,0.000094582654,0.0000031356044,0.000019238927,0.0021376747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972601,0.00005325414,0.0007782151,0.00079674536,0.00072730856,0.0000020571244,0.00001454879,0.000014022973,0.0003537664],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863255,0.00013609455,0.0006330388,0.00014983134,0.00033835508,0.000110130575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985014,0.00020346484,0.00054986385,0.00014017503,0.00048021204,0.00012483983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005284525,0.00010601825,0.00018700137,0.00021395375,0.00003750271,0.000051935724,0.0003368267,0.00008428928,0.00023251594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009384886,0.00009873795,0.00009148749,0.000162549,0.00009063013,0.00018919125,0.0000596396,0.00027035968,0.000008655851],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006110816,0.0016077157,0.19391084,0.00008375538,0.00054311746,0.000040729286,0.3668236,0.00020942504,0.031601537,0.0055469777,0.0020488207,0.3969724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0067527266,0.0024460175,0.57831377,0.0010975722,0.00028995547,0.0006469407,0.34812865,0.0014299565,0.031506438,0.0026740143,0.02553388,0.0011801024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021686459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000069102452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39579228,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042895223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033440068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4026417},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3013342143","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2020.1742650","title":"Special education needs in French Immersion: a parental perspective of supports and challenges","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Parental Involvement in Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Institute for Christian Studies; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"French immersion; Psychology; Special needs; Special education; Immersion (mathematics); Perspective (graphical); Medical education; Developmental psychology; Pedagogy; Medicine; Computer science","score_opus":0.053165060201664054,"score_gpt":0.38287898663185566,"score_spread":0.3297139264301916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3013342143","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9623406,0.006781351,0.000002667108,0.01940243,0.004953228,0.00015553087,0.000007220772,0.0000059405534,0.006351038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98696077,0.005762783,0.00036892729,0.0005048805,0.006283644,0.0000028904476,0.000012397968,0.0000074141817,0.000096284464],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984952,0.00014144529,0.0005436517,0.00017626565,0.0005207651,0.00012264588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981671,0.00012197809,0.00048737574,0.000057370304,0.0009786302,0.00018753849],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059292186,0.000109917455,0.00019277977,0.00043312402,0.000062874125,0.000058285914,0.00022596194,0.000081513004,0.00016697728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007889789,0.00010993611,0.000060563583,0.00024058303,0.00021813149,0.00035451236,0.000045759945,0.00017080971,0.00000161238],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011010774,0.0018819828,0.027221268,0.0000500337,0.00008038065,0.000006358907,0.79315305,0.000004273948,0.0012315945,0.036551528,0.0015536556,0.13815577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005330066,0.000203289,0.01789042,0.00022777513,0.0000396918,0.000052683354,0.93137294,0.000012150675,0.0010983718,0.0065384083,0.041843366,0.00018790484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017708581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006234201,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1382199,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022795169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002916044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5172937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107077660","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2020.1850635","title":"Validity of parents’ classifications of bilingual children’s language dominance","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dominance (genetics); Psychology; Vocabulary; Mandarin Chinese; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Cognition; Variety (cybernetics); Developmental psychology; Linguistics; Statistics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03333010542935622,"score_gpt":0.3674009276935727,"score_spread":0.33407082226421647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3107077660","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933315,0.0018151299,0.00017786128,0.0012727958,0.0018238939,0.00015058648,0.000058824608,0.00001455828,0.0013548776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996766,0.0001343036,0.0015921461,0.0005577415,0.000644318,0.0000028101242,0.00005381233,0.000016790364,0.00023211224],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979535,0.00013123901,0.0010482175,0.00024379676,0.00047680226,0.00014645795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99742144,0.00022058473,0.0010886301,0.00017302207,0.00094860664,0.0001477225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005012921,0.00016545925,0.0003425811,0.0002857124,0.000035313344,0.000027291602,0.00046793118,0.00010901958,0.0004072534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012138394,0.00014270873,0.0001666352,0.0002484116,0.00017693166,0.00012906255,0.00006028477,0.00022462441,0.0000073235287],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014153522,0.0049323067,0.33158496,0.00017748955,0.0011557653,0.00007214376,0.38587835,0.000050840194,0.036511507,0.014795094,0.0034583942,0.21996778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013166015,0.0020648702,0.4625311,0.00090825773,0.0007101733,0.0012905642,0.37718168,0.00016155887,0.11814644,0.0033047302,0.018770477,0.0017641449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016774793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020531037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21820363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003477993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010660186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5819493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3206661331","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2021.1988049","title":"Bilingual language use is context dependent: using the Language and Social Background Questionnaire to assess language experiences and test-rest reliability","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Laidlaw Foundation; University of York","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Language proficiency; Context (archaeology); Test (biology); Multilingualism; Language assessment; Reliability (semiconductor); Mathematics education","score_opus":0.06636035541954063,"score_gpt":0.39513846753650517,"score_spread":0.3287781121169645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3206661331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99138343,0.0033087847,0.000036509537,0.003055047,0.0018509248,0.00022787278,0.000069361486,0.000034637553,0.00003342176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98943615,0.00016703419,0.0007312441,0.007827581,0.0012527807,0.0000059699387,0.0000088546385,0.000029199255,0.00054118363],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99707645,0.00045754528,0.000793825,0.0006913802,0.00066470227,0.00031607118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99672,0.0015448296,0.0004614615,0.00030375208,0.00075622497,0.00021369188],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094272575,0.000319515,0.0004098943,0.00027269346,0.00037933863,0.0006372845,0.00045108216,0.00017234105,0.00007735928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007043117,0.00023801552,0.00013975475,0.0002710238,0.0005261866,0.0005147441,0.00030946804,0.0005060625,0.0000027042481],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016485872,0.0006480741,0.004280114,0.0000679019,0.00007414716,0.0014400103,0.45502484,0.000008578281,0.48866713,0.00043418532,0.00011489682,0.04907525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013796936,0.0002797953,0.0021695632,0.00031356985,0.000150339,0.013526931,0.6164081,0.00016334902,0.3619975,0.0002624333,0.002695225,0.00065348955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004983029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026044005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16138327,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009135518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00107804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9705991},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206160121","doi":"10.2167/beb121b.0","title":"Book Review","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.013507381235240081,"score_gpt":0.3163944194776354,"score_spread":0.3028870382423953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206160121","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2170702,0.68970525,0.000050588336,0.03174766,0.012591604,0.00019267097,0.000012725051,0.00007330244,0.048555963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7518387,0.01623435,0.0009433691,0.07580924,0.024106367,0.000005627621,0.00007327334,0.00005536124,0.1309337],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883616,0.000072564486,0.00053649483,0.000113205475,0.0003449798,0.00009657797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99851745,0.00010071119,0.00041654517,0.000076321965,0.00083327974,0.00005567603],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005804316,0.00010400182,0.00017026438,0.0001922085,0.00010621375,0.0001685041,0.00019858175,0.000028470551,0.0019761089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003387916,0.000081704144,0.00010317807,0.000024580011,0.00009975794,0.00023976185,0.000022074113,0.00024580548,0.000015200781],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040963572,0.00072974636,0.0003297396,0.00020682909,0.000118278265,0.000038383612,0.024036082,0.000018208313,0.00025691531,0.06040657,0.8017689,0.11204938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017775224,0.00004630455,0.000060334303,0.000758908,0.000032223666,0.00021033805,0.0016607419,0.000009045433,0.00008179869,0.0011526769,0.99570936,0.000100499434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019454063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003319793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6734709,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041174302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038206246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99893624},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225264036","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2022.2069460","title":"Translanguaging drama: embracing learners’ <i>perezhivanie</i> for embodiment of the repertoire","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Translanguaging; Repertoire; Drama; Linguistics; Agency (philosophy); Sociology; Language acquisition; Creativity; Meaning (existential); Psychology; Pedagogy; Visual arts","score_opus":0.019590030329494534,"score_gpt":0.2991346949160234,"score_spread":0.2795446645865289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225264036","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98550105,0.0014245423,0.00004794334,0.004236702,0.00529243,0.00013915349,0.000022899136,0.000013422163,0.003321883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99424624,0.000015040427,0.0003748252,0.0011716641,0.0013063356,0.000006089844,0.000009339576,0.000016576332,0.0028539125],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99854743,0.00015719385,0.00056881097,0.0001408117,0.00047239484,0.00011334481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985683,0.00023989438,0.0005958025,0.000112119036,0.00044015952,0.00004373565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010670198,0.00010511306,0.0001755237,0.00018068937,0.0004610114,0.000107241875,0.00036044492,0.000020960773,0.00026210636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042343084,0.00007713175,0.00019476897,0.000041353247,0.00011200005,0.00011769025,0.000065670094,0.0003665071,3.2975947e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022210933,0.0008019047,0.0006661364,0.000086739994,0.00027980015,0.000008475208,0.8037044,0.0013110051,0.00585792,0.07280746,0.001809705,0.11244438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014514503,0.000388359,0.000104037135,0.00032369327,0.00013713476,0.00054952,0.45186463,0.0005630362,0.0026124541,0.0065284544,0.5351703,0.00030692315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016483136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043140273,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5333606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007824499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005747454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35457736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229445721","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2022.2062217","title":"The role of exposure on school-aged bilingual language abilities – it depends on what you measure","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Language development; Language proficiency; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.011290968469043126,"score_gpt":0.32645149903962684,"score_spread":0.3151605305705837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4229445721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9738712,0.010347816,0.0000016634167,0.0024559074,0.006649621,0.00018741933,0.000024469085,0.000019731953,0.0064421846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938918,0.0002278032,0.00008990921,0.0017777289,0.00078238506,0.000017040042,0.000033034,0.000027677805,0.0031526275],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99706984,0.0003892962,0.00086518057,0.00030186123,0.0011336324,0.00024022053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975047,0.0007281729,0.0006902748,0.00030973007,0.0006279946,0.00013912389],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017759098,0.0002237663,0.00026263035,0.0004693719,0.00029181872,0.00018976096,0.0006945791,0.00008972366,0.0012731141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013206276,0.00016255694,0.00019467961,0.00021662218,0.0001452043,0.00019081144,0.00010448976,0.00063291716,0.00001217513],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0037770404,0.00332097,0.011085913,0.000024354129,0.0008224187,0.00013807039,0.29769573,0.0002548117,0.0048201075,0.014679637,0.00280917,0.66057175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002176473,0.0011409639,0.0055616973,0.00017470548,0.000060822913,0.00045626317,0.9187926,0.000007939955,0.0038555108,0.003361834,0.06404336,0.00036782213],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014903652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009983528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66020393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016638792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014294639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99963987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280631773","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2022.2078653","title":"A History of Bilingual Education in the US: Examining the Politics of Language Policymaking","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Bilingual education; Politics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Linguistics; Political science; Language policy; Language politics; Sociology; Pedagogy","score_opus":0.06110631480481658,"score_gpt":0.4576293919365298,"score_spread":0.3965230771317132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4280631773","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9778194,0.004188847,0.0000040862337,0.0034424274,0.0052246517,0.00022657844,0.000015768677,0.0000073849596,0.009070879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991467,0.00018438481,0.00032576983,0.0028252304,0.0019660587,0.00000901881,0.000012013549,0.0000137107545,0.003196817],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99669224,0.00085730106,0.0010047124,0.0001725713,0.001059619,0.00021355928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965873,0.0009198059,0.0011983315,0.00023299339,0.0009697255,0.00009185321],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00368344,0.00013837844,0.0002441772,0.00069980766,0.00022241658,0.0000499035,0.0009622548,0.0000674925,0.00023664476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0031012667,0.00010351172,0.00012778422,0.00040391428,0.00044079483,0.00015673078,0.000093136354,0.0004803272,6.82453e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005901566,0.0012141737,0.0055151423,0.0000326361,0.00005130968,0.0000046285886,0.8643673,0.0000918543,0.0011030579,0.04400947,0.0012982972,0.08225312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004886033,0.00015103868,0.0049789175,0.00013086988,0.000050641527,0.00018671456,0.69528085,0.000053604323,0.0003393215,0.002035038,0.2961276,0.00017680708],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009705639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00075360516,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29482928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006491271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.022563864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968888},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283724826","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2022.2093098","title":"Multilingual experience and executive functions among children and adolescents in a multilingual city","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Multilingualism; Variation (astronomy); Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Developmental psychology; Language Experience Approach; Pedagogy; Language education","score_opus":0.013395126679498123,"score_gpt":0.3435443012177203,"score_spread":0.3301491745382222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283724826","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949877,0.001719562,0.000010357315,0.00025058584,0.0024068356,0.00022551567,0.00002669835,0.00001672778,0.00035600347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982769,0.00007277199,0.00021536993,0.0004730492,0.00028657902,0.000017521908,0.000029300361,0.00001637512,0.0006121455],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982573,0.00016295305,0.00062918523,0.00033044483,0.00040805596,0.00021208294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989504,0.00011478425,0.00037773134,0.00011091494,0.00029096095,0.00015516915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00060172606,0.00018960255,0.00023253646,0.00059829676,0.00017335876,0.00008366887,0.00023905854,0.00007625004,0.00024484948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004290263,0.00018215162,0.000057198053,0.0002020558,0.00023824799,0.00019559184,0.0002003931,0.0004653056,0.0000010341306],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004099354,0.0010137766,0.72647434,0.000007189315,0.00010316701,0.00007095763,0.16881683,0.000014963106,0.00023558649,0.00015119708,0.00013889004,0.10256316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032792469,0.0001873114,0.82519966,0.000101659905,0.000035300473,0.0013232775,0.16767906,0.000044605422,0.00025968728,0.00035727644,0.0011857576,0.00034714368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010399661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018847559,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10221601,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009844963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041992974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7427927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293062939","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2022.2079372","title":"The immigrant perspective: Eastern-European parental discourses about the value of French, plurilingualism and plurilingual literacy practices","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Multilingualism; Literacy; French immersion; Pedagogy; Value (mathematics); Variety (cybernetics); Neuroscience of multilingualism; Sociology; Perspective (graphical); Political science; Psychology","score_opus":0.03053168592823471,"score_gpt":0.46390169759792715,"score_spread":0.43337001166969247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4293062939","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96105886,0.011118009,0.0000069971425,0.01667756,0.006247017,0.00026726656,0.000038760794,0.000017363885,0.0045681563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910125,0.0019486259,0.00023222079,0.0010847375,0.0032023313,0.0000070393203,0.000010456719,0.00002276165,0.00247929],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957739,0.0013897693,0.0009961927,0.00029728748,0.0012565539,0.0002862833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99396485,0.001594809,0.0022265874,0.00024513344,0.0017610807,0.00020754567],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004339366,0.00021281811,0.0002544633,0.0002991201,0.0013337976,0.00048808064,0.0010131932,0.000051587773,0.00011057373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0059212754,0.00014290537,0.00018056716,0.00028693362,0.00092675176,0.0003475971,0.00025452644,0.0006233523,0.0000020180257],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022738961,0.00082081195,0.0056138523,0.000019175066,0.0002515355,0.00002180985,0.78521085,0.00006633756,0.00033485668,0.073491044,0.0005387597,0.1334036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070895563,0.00018552375,0.0066822967,0.000110096036,0.000102619684,0.00042455253,0.5707373,0.00017529624,0.00019816571,0.004665659,0.41575554,0.00025397987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01015004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007506976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41521677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021244778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033748094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306145866","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2022.2132107","title":"Narratives by bilingual children: a tale of strengths and growth during kindergarten","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Narrative; Inclusion (mineral); Psychology; Grammar; Developmental psychology; Narrative inquiry; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language development; Linguistics; Social psychology","score_opus":0.004693342451123869,"score_gpt":0.3112136190446195,"score_spread":0.3065202765934957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4306145866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919438,0.004201463,0.000008892402,0.0009922815,0.0017650174,0.00012103108,0.0000838847,0.000012697353,0.0008709439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974805,0.00012438216,0.0004042097,0.00033801323,0.00030914295,0.000005821488,0.000054800465,0.000017799252,0.0012653309],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99830806,0.00014744962,0.0006490866,0.000251284,0.0004861775,0.0001579578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986047,0.00016666614,0.0005895629,0.00010127422,0.00043150428,0.000106302665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045167646,0.00016025957,0.00023564826,0.00042062634,0.0001347224,0.00003804878,0.00029081042,0.00005756951,0.0008965524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035793908,0.00014602795,0.00008241023,0.00017117537,0.000119647186,0.0001387669,0.00012485578,0.00029108566,0.0000011356539],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021090538,0.007132253,0.2047796,0.00010760699,0.0024520135,0.00019721167,0.56876296,0.00003429583,0.03511433,0.01139476,0.009298254,0.15861766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016698932,0.0022064522,0.15237048,0.00030659823,0.00027903554,0.009433206,0.74936426,0.000026525871,0.023868013,0.01268679,0.030784197,0.0019754926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020427137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001636958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18060131,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006978547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006344593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.981662},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385971473","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2023.2242562","title":"Exploring attitudes towards French, English, and code-switching in Manitoba (Canada)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"University of Manitoba; Research Manitoba","keywords":"Solidarity; Code-switching; Prestige; First language; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Sociology; Feeling; Sociolinguistics; Linguistics; Sociocultural evolution; Immigration; Social psychology; History; Political science; Anthropology; Politics","score_opus":0.10189703053628835,"score_gpt":0.37060841477983203,"score_spread":0.2687113842435437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385971473","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859305,0.00022478816,0.000019975461,0.0034554885,0.008610031,0.000074371324,0.00000678095,0.000023765886,0.0016542948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953016,0.0010390809,0.0004904723,0.00054296607,0.0024235891,0.000003848258,0.0000060140724,0.000008291034,0.0001841616],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851376,0.000120765435,0.00047542245,0.00016429149,0.00055416673,0.0001716229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99836063,0.00029122076,0.00024302836,0.000060063958,0.000905448,0.00013959566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013886155,0.00009289657,0.00016267762,0.00042238366,0.0001266616,0.00012130352,0.00022694402,0.00005841987,0.000033239936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005241813,0.00008901814,0.000032774453,0.00023270649,0.000074511074,0.00023131524,0.000057385143,0.00021678518,0.0000011964053],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009057055,0.0004957062,0.146682,0.00006139739,0.0001836518,0.00037840015,0.37298092,0.00012207385,0.0008157303,0.06388044,0.0015546574,0.41275448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002154754,0.0001325166,0.36981055,0.0005477801,0.000055570537,0.00020266046,0.26125044,0.0002972288,0.0005640597,0.011489252,0.3528444,0.00065080595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12216685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.40382624,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41210365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021168594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033397665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88367873},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390774937","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2023.2290482","title":"Effective bilingual education in Francophone West Africa: constraints and possibilities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"French; Bilingual education; Literacy; Quality (philosophy); Languages of Africa; Neuroscience of multilingualism; First language; Political science; Economic growth; Pedagogy; Sociology; Psychology; Geography; Medicine; Economics; Linguistics","score_opus":0.010198827490729454,"score_gpt":0.30143330916819583,"score_spread":0.29123448167746635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390774937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9663583,0.016506808,0.000012416012,0.00071230636,0.009329667,0.00015537356,0.000016664893,0.00003842291,0.0068700104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99278367,0.00017038443,0.00026222452,0.00038068523,0.0036702736,0.0000055400224,0.000015866293,0.000021889862,0.0026894459],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984901,0.00014431262,0.0006083724,0.00028303082,0.0003087384,0.00016545852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856645,0.0005579983,0.00016030492,0.00009164893,0.0005156667,0.00010792423],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000945448,0.00018756291,0.00024681332,0.0007985787,0.00010113051,0.0005790375,0.0001626197,0.00007884615,0.0006314729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008452899,0.00015399598,0.00008796572,0.00008998044,0.0003633607,0.0003977626,0.000039074483,0.0005290881,0.0000100185425],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005055235,0.0003292005,0.000838539,0.00009142628,0.00009337061,0.00004663658,0.29565817,0.0000058803007,0.00048640356,0.0202137,0.00024379611,0.68194234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016807853,0.00058689044,0.004827107,0.003257412,0.000115383344,0.0023114013,0.81852144,0.00042764822,0.0010253115,0.016460191,0.14996058,0.0008258803],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008074186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00063145434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68111646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011583065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002305221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6914186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391756715","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2024.2315962","title":"Complex sentence production in bilingual and monolingual children","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Sentence; Mandarin Chinese; Vocabulary; Linguistics; Language proficiency; Mathematics education","score_opus":0.02363978686923788,"score_gpt":0.3826686371641529,"score_spread":0.359028850294915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391756715","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820973,0.005386861,0.000027889886,0.002059036,0.009599471,0.00015187649,0.000008184593,0.000035833804,0.00063350325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943877,0.00036882592,0.0014173542,0.00034515484,0.002218035,0.0000040753253,0.000023293713,0.000021261181,0.0012142907],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811834,0.00011123986,0.00080548157,0.00039706193,0.00037206576,0.00019578515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989052,0.00017295858,0.00022088188,0.00012438187,0.0004531495,0.00012345333],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009928728,0.00018692504,0.00023225462,0.0008880044,0.000048668917,0.00022472341,0.00021360858,0.00009916432,0.00011167771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004841877,0.00015846797,0.00006915623,0.0002565033,0.00012409691,0.00023700208,0.00005371637,0.0003886788,0.000011397033],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024548153,0.0008535984,0.043166768,0.000059388793,0.00037006903,0.00023672085,0.11269398,0.00003333454,0.0031395368,0.005604576,0.0015794465,0.8320171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00491299,0.0011114652,0.6697913,0.0048138187,0.00030692414,0.051359065,0.094377495,0.001259034,0.0069200466,0.02013713,0.14268306,0.0023276866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024384078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003457374,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82968944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113953836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00089625886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64621365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401989671","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2024.2395962","title":"Remaking multilingualism: a translanguaging approach","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Translanguaging; Multilingualism; Linguistics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Multilingual Education; Sociology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.04760584042939242,"score_gpt":0.492886389391621,"score_spread":0.4452805489622286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401989671","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90494674,0.016108228,0.0010111654,0.008533725,0.018546311,0.00030357338,0.000014563244,0.00018511988,0.050350595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98162967,0.0009716522,0.0060979016,0.0012505528,0.006765612,0.0000042572688,0.000012762922,0.000030004576,0.0032376037],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975852,0.00023820638,0.0007791562,0.00030348473,0.0008206905,0.00027326116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997806,0.00039904634,0.00027157707,0.00013692144,0.0010972657,0.00028919833],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021200855,0.00018942686,0.00024588325,0.00085851684,0.00021141674,0.00061638554,0.00048314448,0.00015248386,0.0001976959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016687588,0.00017016886,0.00019995993,0.00039719543,0.00026230264,0.00045554593,0.000033005,0.00043898824,0.000011204823],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042312826,0.00037495946,0.0002533433,0.00007179069,0.00013936439,0.000048213195,0.3856441,0.000020785053,0.0006532541,0.051994577,0.0007305108,0.56002676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005126764,0.000054282882,0.0001741574,0.0006223598,0.00009547098,0.00074516196,0.13115609,0.00089229504,0.00073127885,0.004264208,0.8603449,0.00040715144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009164236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009640771,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8596144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020478018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004996972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88644135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412844219","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2025.2530219","title":"Testing the cultural autonomy bilingual education model for linguistic minorities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton; Canadian Linguistic Association","funders":"","keywords":"Bilingual education; Linguistics; Autonomy; Sociology; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Linguistic diversity; Cultural diversity; Psychology; Pedagogy; Political science; Anthropology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.08860496485144745,"score_gpt":0.4960551864872438,"score_spread":0.40745022163579636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412844219","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92915285,0.0036475852,0.00076076016,0.01577282,0.019844176,0.0007581327,0.00002722619,0.00006989555,0.029966583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9602174,0.0001721264,0.010099144,0.004295194,0.006067624,0.000029947045,0.00002277489,0.000017674814,0.019078072],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978432,0.00017646089,0.0009189202,0.0002763374,0.0004968513,0.0002882279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9921794,0.0012872607,0.000648039,0.00019044729,0.005509988,0.00018487292],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001726555,0.00021185761,0.0002578916,0.00050667865,0.0006522755,0.00048660248,0.0007127795,0.00014870006,0.00002915665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.014866454,0.0001647869,0.00018017308,0.0003711089,0.00042742374,0.00026841648,0.000059066046,0.00031969784,0.0000023661955],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012610134,0.0009330429,0.0018955998,0.00008447064,0.00016896895,0.0000013180544,0.25929904,0.00027978013,0.0006988586,0.1999709,0.0039422465,0.5325997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010876729,0.00010178311,0.0011407988,0.00062762573,0.0002253755,0.000082311475,0.16093318,0.007507295,0.0007339781,0.0513607,0.7756891,0.0005101844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014579145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041760414,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7717469,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041515916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.033725783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99343175},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413062865","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2025.2530213","title":"Home literacy environment and early bilingual vocabulary development among Chinese–Canadian children: a longitudinal study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Literacy; Vocabulary development; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Vocabulary; Psychology; Bilingual education; Longitudinal study; Developmental psychology; Linguistics; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Teaching method; Medicine","score_opus":0.01019918955358493,"score_gpt":0.33689552747846585,"score_spread":0.3266963379248809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413062865","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916574,0.002903011,0.000058552265,0.00049635634,0.003912495,0.00034081316,0.0000068245313,0.000018462164,0.0006061077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950794,0.00007836369,0.0016233922,0.00039257953,0.00062509836,0.000013914228,0.000020448873,0.00002061719,0.002146178],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974878,0.0001550341,0.0011038155,0.00047576113,0.00048199456,0.0002955836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99836046,0.00017500554,0.00041833258,0.00022216416,0.0004962325,0.00032782025],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010401721,0.00030239398,0.0003655171,0.0013623332,0.00019283022,0.00032688965,0.0003949897,0.00012573086,0.00016685837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002200771,0.00025285332,0.00008977078,0.00023295227,0.00013360848,0.00025754236,0.00010964823,0.0004112557,0.000012099184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009622163,0.00083653023,0.8394092,0.000008248345,0.0005078197,0.00008209544,0.045387086,0.000003671189,0.000018489472,0.00022989674,0.00009101439,0.113329746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012066739,0.00017659113,0.9878584,0.0001750849,0.00005479166,0.00042154905,0.0036083532,0.000005723578,0.000029427585,0.00043591438,0.0057680197,0.00025946685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042088856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00070527697,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14844923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025308164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019508932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414552105","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2025.2546430","title":"Biliteracy for bilingual children with reading impairment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Reading (process); Literacy; Reading comprehension; Phonological awareness; First language","score_opus":0.009665771417187366,"score_gpt":0.37651197518445717,"score_spread":0.3668462037672698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414552105","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98822683,0.0012017494,0.000903376,0.0017112071,0.0058058766,0.00037420593,0.00001934359,0.000029034993,0.0017284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824231,0.000053505857,0.009039185,0.0014791925,0.001137542,0.000021960725,0.00004656756,0.000022175802,0.0057767555],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981179,0.00008207654,0.0008727152,0.00034998363,0.00034084782,0.00023642747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973809,0.00038103407,0.0005003998,0.00020319755,0.001406879,0.00012755321],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009485137,0.00021716584,0.00029453897,0.00078437437,0.00010650588,0.0001863756,0.0003677016,0.00010134237,0.00009078567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004606074,0.0001624147,0.00013223827,0.00023608094,0.00009631703,0.00017652461,0.000044205666,0.00023364721,0.0000038630037],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002097062,0.0030718888,0.12635781,0.00007795647,0.0022429402,0.000037942562,0.060737506,0.000048435228,0.0009932765,0.036570836,0.0061736633,0.7615907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02250551,0.004262472,0.3201133,0.0045710746,0.0010642653,0.008498482,0.06188643,0.00027603554,0.013329413,0.027908461,0.5330991,0.0024854569],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009187238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009199626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7591052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016537841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018869346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6623079},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414615100","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2025.2554087","title":"Identifying language profiles among multilingual children in kindergarten","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Language acquisition; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Language proficiency; First language; Multilingualism; Language development","score_opus":0.010051829401736484,"score_gpt":0.37576452032421964,"score_spread":0.36571269092248315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414615100","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851322,0.0031552804,0.00005107202,0.0006159816,0.004105144,0.00018157567,0.000005153064,0.00002200661,0.00673158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944724,0.000060751245,0.00084146217,0.0008924428,0.00043127753,0.0000073938963,0.000032097076,0.000013560967,0.0032486243],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837875,0.00010833619,0.00073861296,0.00025884926,0.00031790684,0.00019753385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889946,0.00014579225,0.0003495871,0.0001379127,0.00039053525,0.00007672103],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00064856524,0.00016561565,0.00023016872,0.0010016545,0.00004813084,0.000117735515,0.00037758576,0.00012898259,0.00035016896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005656397,0.00014599306,0.00009498139,0.00027975964,0.00009959335,0.00019607042,0.00007265344,0.00032007715,0.00000809731],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000286905,0.0014534702,0.553635,0.00003106432,0.00049020554,0.00018526641,0.10803689,0.000012998306,0.0013724101,0.0055260775,0.0013549931,0.32761475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040446892,0.00007735684,0.85530734,0.0006103176,0.00007812442,0.00037447727,0.12931375,0.000029256687,0.0040286584,0.0033826034,0.0022966121,0.0004568029],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007172604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002803741,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32715794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008796635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00076043897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5953424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}