{"meta":{"query_hash":"b2074e834dd1","filters":{"venue":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment"},"cohort_total":7,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"exported":7,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/b2074e834dd1","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=International+Journal+of+Energy+for+a+Clean+Environment"},"results":[{"id":"W4214937909","doi":"10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2022040354","title":"SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF WATER AND CO-SOLVENTS ON THE HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OF AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS TO PRODUCE HEAVY OIL","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrothermal liquefaction; Straw; Liquefaction; Corn stover; Heat of combustion; Biomass (ecology); Hydrothermal circulation; Chemistry; Solvent; Methanol; Pulp and paper industry; Agronomy; Chemical engineering; Hydrolysis; Organic chemistry; Catalysis; Inorganic chemistry; Combustion","score_opus":0.005277754150882743,"score_gpt":0.1986215473822541,"score_spread":0.19334379323137135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214937909","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995877,0.0020076078,0.0007512378,0.000036297875,0.0000270194,0.000015951893,0.00008870209,0.000029074157,0.0011670404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99675816,0.00105151,0.0011096756,0.00001792966,0.000008988985,0.00000903744,0.00008524454,0.000011169436,0.00094837364],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998801,0.000019512494,0.000010500754,0.000020422509,0.000035476634,0.000034020464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999107,0.000021023063,0.000019367888,0.000004906716,0.000020039524,0.000023957378],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011245971,0.00047766714,0.00037402162,0.00023430042,0.00014051294,0.00031208427,0.00020553947,0.00017854586,0.00083408586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018555435,0.00019151639,0.00025010758,0.00025750263,0.00016781123,0.0002756268,0.00029191613,0.0002887738,0.00017501079],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004548477,0.00004760632,0.0002740715,0.00012143502,0.000020028154,0.00006868267,0.00002315273,0.00022604332,0.9951853,0.000027505379,0.00003484192,0.0035164068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010358107,0.00034907527,0.0010145436,0.0000048867237,0.000028278482,0.00003878821,0.000020474403,0.00032915093,0.99754286,0.000006479676,0.00064984424,0.000005370877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001874561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008185761,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001874561,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017696469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024895705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0037273169},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381298531","doi":"10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2023047794","title":"NORTH AMERICAN STEELMAKING SLAGS-A SOURCE FOR CRITICAL ELEMENTS","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"British Columbia Institute of Technology; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Steelmaking; Pyrometallurgy; Slag (welding); Metallurgy; Ferroalloy; Environmental science; Waste management; Population; Materials science; Smelting; Engineering","score_opus":0.016652386636606845,"score_gpt":0.2850948782141938,"score_spread":0.268442491577587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381298531","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9538243,0.004474109,0.003778282,0.0006096059,0.000052816016,0.00003450844,0.0011614145,0.000110421846,0.03595454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98037237,0.0020970178,0.0021479854,0.000230997,0.000010717161,0.00001010975,0.0007690928,0.000027327062,0.01433437],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998123,0.000012128761,0.0000052992036,0.000031704087,0.00011258162,0.000026068526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998863,0.000012413836,0.00001946548,0.0000066411762,0.00006797704,0.0000073413034],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010370805,0.0002719676,0.00023901,0.0010854913,0.0009813636,0.000583818,0.00014880003,0.00028534568,0.0024903966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001284213,0.00011291898,0.00015165498,0.001285535,0.00021832406,0.00026641108,0.00023141377,0.00019711415,0.000748952],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045642577,0.000113458096,0.056825537,0.0008090012,0.000081326616,0.002582762,0.0007530257,0.0016707052,0.81615824,0.002315046,0.0067403303,0.11149416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014837989,0.0001688123,0.19351676,0.0002146225,0.0001095688,0.0018489314,0.0024345384,0.0024146668,0.5369126,0.0014525908,0.26086313,0.000048988415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016595995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08356637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016595995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061708473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008297315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0329988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400109886","doi":"10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2024051371","title":"INCREASED REVENUE AND COST SAVINGS BY RECOVERING VALUE FROM PLANT RECIRCULATION AND TAILINGS WASTE STREAMS","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","topic":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tailings; STREAMS; Revenue; Waste management; Environmental science; Value (mathematics); Municipal solid waste; Business; Engineering; Finance; Mathematics; Chemistry; Computer science","score_opus":0.007531820294094609,"score_gpt":0.22937880644057795,"score_spread":0.22184698614648335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400109886","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6227579,0.0029939495,0.06325113,0.0051050987,0.00042915717,0.00071834086,0.0019987568,0.0019895292,0.30075616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93941915,0.002008164,0.015303343,0.00017689657,0.00011144615,0.00006975219,0.00076060905,0.0001678837,0.04198274],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991598,0.00013904566,0.000017793567,0.000057900976,0.00040429976,0.00022118671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994809,0.00010316542,0.00006287952,0.000098436154,0.00016582588,0.000088748435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056706916,0.0005933393,0.0002688053,0.0016729255,0.0004808167,0.0020073825,0.0011931515,0.00082851644,0.015637262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00101411,0.0002380312,0.0006951536,0.0017590935,0.00047842631,0.0015191054,0.0014527612,0.000742163,0.004632996],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010865851,0.00091605884,0.014649075,0.00059757906,0.000099362034,0.0014012313,0.00020840339,0.021739174,0.045437332,0.034986764,0.016138488,0.86274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005484926,0.00450646,0.13933319,0.0012418249,0.00041849146,0.0053830766,0.0055513144,0.11341464,0.23990743,0.036479864,0.45286614,0.00034909428],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004581804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00947072,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015637262,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019448736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021225691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.052311838},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404468418","doi":"10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2024054395","title":"CARBON FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FOSSIL FUEL AND RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION IN EDMONTON, ALBERTA","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Carbon footprint; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Renewable fuels; Footprint; Ecological footprint; Waste management; Greenhouse gas; Engineering; Sustainability; Ecology; Geography","score_opus":0.020453141130435476,"score_gpt":0.29481881112607106,"score_spread":0.2743656699956356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404468418","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9616235,0.00091624295,0.0008217301,0.00024899474,0.000009265333,0.00004046132,0.002670781,0.000045390178,0.033623528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889621,0.00059628446,0.0007989607,0.00005588738,0.000002684017,0.000008127205,0.0015232451,0.000014508772,0.008038207],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965024,0.000022856948,0.000008518249,0.000027123167,0.00019464237,0.00009666126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967265,0.00004279999,0.00003089914,0.000012579201,0.0001933935,0.00004772808],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029525056,0.00022902014,0.00017895679,0.0018930276,0.0011021921,0.0012318011,0.00068558444,0.00022104387,0.0027153962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054608594,0.00011919623,0.0002494051,0.0053804885,0.00047729755,0.0002898509,0.0005204756,0.00021766558,0.00016683865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00055949204,0.00022573832,0.7953302,0.00042645942,0.00031958282,0.0019016061,0.004008784,0.033373512,0.004880279,0.009149991,0.009151653,0.14067268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001318724,0.000037208614,0.9673648,0.000068426154,0.000064881526,0.0001290119,0.0077875615,0.008061426,0.0012351361,0.000490335,0.014720497,0.000027507722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9836241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99490887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0210658,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0210658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.011579377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15284377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410147309","doi":"10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2025056752","title":"SUSTAINABLE POWER GENERATION IN LAKSHADWEEP: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS WITH HOMER PRO SIMULATION","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainable energy; Power (physics); Electricity generation; Environmental science; Computer science; Renewable energy; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.01377418276196942,"score_gpt":0.27579601718515173,"score_spread":0.26202183442318233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410147309","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.976935,0.000108773136,0.010492998,0.00012071969,0.00001811109,0.000115956245,0.00042199076,0.00022561046,0.011560805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994117,0.00006407627,0.0045771566,0.000015388689,0.0000021621615,0.00007233899,0.00022515257,0.000019643541,0.0009070163],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99975437,0.00012863617,0.00001055459,0.000023809827,0.000042229112,0.000040420655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860954,0.0010839973,0.000064252126,0.000058133824,0.00013004612,0.000053976353],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006587995,0.00074768596,0.00054972357,0.00062677485,0.00043047257,0.0008090864,0.00071087864,0.00076652324,0.0020738265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015057507,0.00035983542,0.00057803554,0.00050396955,0.00042741623,0.0006853323,0.000746635,0.0006215219,0.00016134721],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000101485064,0.00007508387,0.0012102772,0.00003793395,0.000023373059,0.000054949614,0.00002975341,0.9944666,0.00043594497,0.0006171062,0.000114862596,0.002832801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025043531,0.00015938499,0.00053484953,0.0000052443556,0.00001213212,0.0000073373744,0.000055344044,0.99814916,0.0005538066,0.0002553244,0.0002365185,0.0000057854404],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030353747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021779398,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030353747,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012222868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00080013316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.060354173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416953821","doi":"10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2025059686","title":"Design and Analysis of a Floating Hybrid Solar-Wind Plant in Kaptai Lake","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","topic":"Wave and Wind Energy Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrology (agriculture); Aquatic plant","score_opus":0.008749066031136178,"score_gpt":0.20213101533735506,"score_spread":0.19338194930621888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416953821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80014074,0.0001446832,0.18322456,0.00018829782,0.000029207516,0.00018907717,0.00020215535,0.0006591749,0.015222162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915999,0.000025910433,0.005850344,0.0000063011253,0.0000016970831,0.000040787218,0.000027486665,0.000011806704,0.0024357936],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998814,0.000017577095,0.0000038088792,0.000029432556,0.000044989807,0.0000228198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999155,0.000025839383,0.000014591443,0.000006511641,0.000023673772,0.000013910909],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014844375,0.00034918188,0.0004598075,0.00017128598,0.0009073175,0.00076956785,0.0007492629,0.0006355688,0.0032202597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013993477,0.0003286795,0.00042835643,0.0001618835,0.00029686396,0.00036970468,0.0004882586,0.00035748997,0.0002962363],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043121746,0.000111041816,0.0042341673,0.00030641447,0.00006069845,0.0007043733,0.00015099093,0.8630398,0.10441573,0.0014374888,0.0003698137,0.024738224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059043974,0.00071573263,0.0046775877,0.000012273654,0.000053662105,0.00009392358,0.0001661136,0.98046035,0.012123694,0.00041291237,0.0012033517,0.0000213722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0065328185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008245299,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0065328185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047180493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009224956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012989581},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417286615","doi":"10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2025055770","title":"COMPACT ABSORBER TECHNOLOGY LEADS TO SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE COST OF POINT SOURCE CO2 CAPTURE","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carbon Engineering (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Reduction (mathematics); Point (geometry); Point source; Cost reduction; Absorption (acoustics)","score_opus":0.006613467119556006,"score_gpt":0.2242854171895245,"score_spread":0.21767195006996848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417286615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92549926,0.0019148599,0.05485849,0.00039028228,0.000085382526,0.00008403556,0.00042323468,0.0011313484,0.015612996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97434235,0.00055080716,0.015799744,0.00006822443,0.000026389644,0.00003802951,0.00022374837,0.00008054918,0.008870319],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997533,0.000015256449,0.0000086302325,0.00005164883,0.0001348822,0.00003628824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978787,0.000052041225,0.000063458436,0.000028302635,0.000052208547,0.000016182401],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001831347,0.00038429003,0.00034035617,0.000710274,0.00027954573,0.0007297025,0.00047278366,0.0005490334,0.0044398666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034238907,0.00018772527,0.0002312931,0.0005865842,0.00031145415,0.0010299942,0.0003102657,0.0005934089,0.0008961453],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016253095,0.00005851042,0.0004860422,0.00010299204,0.000009222532,0.0001549236,0.00002942041,0.001842468,0.9755957,0.0013233592,0.0003943746,0.01984044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000125353845,0.00041293047,0.0036335785,0.000012076323,0.000022781733,0.0002725463,0.000040734743,0.008480762,0.98087883,0.00019524223,0.006019958,0.000017966044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010884664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003568384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0044398666,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00074748066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032291116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014852822},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}