{"meta":{"query_hash":"5b292e38d378","filters":{"venue":"International Security"},"cohort_total":6,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"exported":6,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/5b292e38d378","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=International+Security"},"results":[{"id":"W2057423554","doi":"10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.139","title":"Divining Nuclear Intentions: A Review Essay","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Security","topic":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Nuclear proliferation; Nuclear weapon; Political science; Foreign policy; Relevance (law); Positive economics; Rationality; Politics; State (computer science); Identity (music); International relations; Nuclear energy policy; Perspective (graphical); Political economy; Epistemology; Sociology; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.06217098059270012,"score_gpt":0.4251668665605442,"score_spread":0.3629958859678441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057423554","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[1.3683528e-7,0.5786197,0.000015982636,0.00031503514,0.00051920646,0.00033153128,0.00009600421,0.000073699564,0.4200287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000072584946,0.9933174,0.00009856533,0.0005488937,0.0012113411,0.00010799594,0.00023479124,0.00004359062,0.004364783],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969134,0.0003177784,0.0007836834,0.00040400654,0.001262287,0.00031887525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99823225,0.00029699382,0.00055365573,0.00025662797,0.0005105106,0.00014998377],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005794104,0.00029875216,0.0007627091,0.00032102878,0.00056147116,0.00012941386,0.0011435993,0.00030810558,0.003524978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001681678,0.00028022745,0.000904608,0.0003995798,0.00027598007,0.00035628024,0.00021383187,0.00061858044,0.0013038808],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.063937e-7,0.000072614646,0.0000021305946,0.0010589423,0.00020632801,0.000019094467,0.0009302403,8.757493e-8,3.4125998e-9,0.7449518,0.025817586,0.2269403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005515446,0.0000072876423,0.0000014735042,0.021918496,0.000117443444,0.00005674686,0.000043417764,0.0000074851155,4.2143506e-9,0.008820002,0.96871036,0.00026212088],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005354412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011549176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9428928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011760175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00092801254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068983527","doi":"10.1162/0162288054894652","title":"Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Security","topic":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":502,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Soft power; Cold war; Sovereignty; Hard power; China; Political science; Balance (ability); Power (physics); Political economy; Intervention (counseling); State (computer science); Great power; Development economics; Economics; Law; Politics; Psychology","score_opus":0.015395175847961334,"score_gpt":0.339057679710799,"score_spread":0.3236625038628376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068983527","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3080693,0.000040957908,0.00023683968,0.0045694285,0.000114442126,0.0000930585,0.00001329878,0.000011110135,0.68685156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980984,0.000027838223,0.00018491721,0.0006604279,0.00047797846,0.0000075294506,0.000014123501,0.0000026505213,0.0005261466],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991049,0.000062907326,0.00018580824,0.00007992123,0.000455325,0.00011112124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995921,0.00015723694,0.00006579004,0.00006790976,0.00010086342,0.000016068063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059752696,0.000042820888,0.000055213346,0.00008662932,0.00007953802,0.000034880835,0.00040501077,0.00003888086,0.0004520736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003005465,0.000034702603,0.000051161463,0.00012393692,0.00010185175,0.00019420707,0.000026414404,0.0001135267,0.000038392598],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004808989,0.00006848447,0.011628712,9.3117745e-7,0.0000073110223,0.0000025800325,0.015779007,0.000049902792,0.000027925147,0.9700456,0.00061769463,0.0017670058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003042344,0.000010724652,0.08664509,0.000022968341,0.000003949687,0.0000029939072,0.0013495696,0.0012438251,0.00007768687,0.18676724,0.72347975,0.00009198568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020871563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003117661,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7832784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015753663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006526897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4949889},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2345323261","doi":"10.1162/isec_a_00237","title":"Rebel Diplomacy in Civil War","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Security","topic":"Political Conflict and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Public Works and Government Services Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Diplomacy; Political science; Spanish Civil War; Politics; International relations; Independence (probability theory); Foreign policy; Political economy; State (computer science); Scholarship; Civil society; Foreign relations; Law; Sociology","score_opus":0.015961807209653185,"score_gpt":0.3373014113145284,"score_spread":0.3213396041048752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2345323261","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33910212,0.00006425309,0.0000615199,0.0150679415,0.00038658862,0.000060947077,0.00003497934,0.000042060925,0.64517957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939144,0.00014231224,0.000013020985,0.0005074109,0.00037279236,0.0000064662186,8.542965e-7,0.0000032860262,0.0050394298],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991386,0.00004973338,0.00012093355,0.00012910394,0.00035042435,0.00021118733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995817,0.00017006212,0.000035075278,0.00007170632,0.00006319116,0.00007824767],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025734116,0.000048168782,0.000060270337,0.000033071243,0.000052451163,0.000016496604,0.00029485475,0.000047472466,0.001138654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00075967866,0.000036695164,0.000036246325,0.00006893893,0.00014018368,0.00023789085,0.000047474492,0.000061995415,0.00020060537],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010609637,0.00004574128,0.031544354,8.62021e-7,0.0000049476316,0.000008988162,0.0025155833,4.617665e-8,0.000116270654,0.96236724,0.0012838823,0.00210145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002701221,0.0000051756942,0.04950537,0.000030445433,8.045595e-7,3.575175e-7,0.00007961585,0.00000808465,0.00017476063,0.2305619,0.71928966,0.00007367539],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004250104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009135379,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7318054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019423329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000627016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2942719296","doi":"10.1162/isec_c_00347","title":"Correspondence: The Establishment and U.S. Grand Strategy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Security","topic":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner","funders":"","keywords":"Foreign policy; Political science; Grand strategy; Argument (complex analysis); Political economy; Operationalization; Treaty; Elite; Power (physics); Washington Consensus; International relations; Communism; Great power; North Atlantic Treaty; China; Law and economics; Law; Politics; Sociology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.010924718862481067,"score_gpt":0.3148303613758659,"score_spread":0.3039056425133848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2942719296","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40717962,0.000077929624,0.00002826989,0.002265833,0.0003901624,0.00013983043,0.000017557888,0.000016344826,0.58988446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848161,0.0001144683,0.0000144929,0.00036729538,0.0002511085,0.000008966804,0.0000084772155,0.0000034203397,0.01441571],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991231,0.000057340887,0.000115270625,0.000127295,0.000451973,0.00012501507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994998,0.00017029392,0.000054200194,0.00007943652,0.00014946378,0.000046818528],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044580505,0.000055455817,0.000050215032,0.000053177293,0.0002123021,0.0001899822,0.00027429315,0.00004749844,0.002994272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012206273,0.00004133971,0.000033965844,0.00008537417,0.00014659754,0.00027215917,0.000051543713,0.000121558376,0.00023433888],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014700721,0.00001815311,0.0104334075,8.533767e-7,0.000015522372,0.0000010087322,0.003367642,0.00001733538,0.00001011217,0.982434,0.0026014005,0.0010858778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002964369,0.00002569011,0.030685864,0.000012394712,0.0000053328176,0.000004994802,0.0017025482,0.0009388634,0.00002139683,0.30711126,0.65909404,0.000101204896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013775077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043214276,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6753227,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009601256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082106686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979171},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214876857","doi":"10.1162/isec_x_00424","title":"Summaries","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Security","topic":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","score_opus":0.01656841594659467,"score_gpt":0.31438281377727906,"score_spread":0.29781439783068436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214876857","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3995315,0.0000804931,0.0000043002574,0.0093597565,0.0015988796,0.00005148884,0.000050676295,0.00007183324,0.58925104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994621,0.00001901822,0.000033096367,0.0005444499,0.00026670872,0.0000068154327,0.000011111613,0.0000030025349,0.0044948147],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993237,0.00006671977,0.000055262582,0.00007715271,0.0003910115,0.00008613589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999826,0.00003507929,0.000022796263,0.00004650777,0.000037163765,0.00003246489],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025600975,0.000024935121,0.000031175045,0.000025382331,0.0004886328,0.00004807582,0.00021683998,0.000010887691,0.012738549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006935794,0.000028475524,0.00003156717,0.000062500025,0.00006200155,0.00007408607,0.00012658656,0.00008524357,0.000088346766],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019377576,0.000056898152,0.0043789605,4.425205e-7,0.00001117538,0.00001570303,0.018469514,0.0000139289,0.0000082770875,0.9208598,0.054980863,0.0011850694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000055641547,0.0000076187134,0.000594575,3.8167366e-7,9.4053144e-7,0.0000010844477,0.003353797,0.000037490692,0.0000044448793,0.039808434,0.9560996,0.000035985417],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028933934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00079612725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90111876,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000095483345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003213005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98816395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388625387","doi":"10.1162/isec_a_00470","title":"Racialization and International Security","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Security","topic":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Oxford; York University; University of Pennsylvania; Princeton University; University of Cambridge; McKnight Foundation","keywords":"Racialization; Political science; Security studies; International relations; International security; Assertion; Power (physics); Sociology; Political economy; Normative; Order (exchange); Politics; Law and economics; Public administration; Law","score_opus":0.02379278540505244,"score_gpt":0.3730138784288528,"score_spread":0.3492210930238004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388625387","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22350684,0.000046067187,0.0003390337,0.011418935,0.002194409,0.00022682772,0.00015407124,0.00035034135,0.76176345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909529,0.00056425843,0.000062358835,0.00041006258,0.001279672,0.000025856692,0.00022943119,0.000012879403,0.0064625805],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99848104,0.00008128088,0.00026015166,0.00026842617,0.0006651667,0.00024395194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991358,0.00014564999,0.00011223105,0.00010021852,0.0003877087,0.00011838569],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006576721,0.00011233005,0.0000980205,0.00034644967,0.00039307965,0.00022104147,0.0004073458,0.00012787459,0.0013866686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007616789,0.00012444559,0.00007276494,0.00036396153,0.00020470569,0.0005684553,0.00015166862,0.00015873901,0.00040450503],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001535944,0.000038704613,0.009616229,0.0000022666516,0.000049218204,0.0000064013584,0.007961335,0.000018691424,0.00001849147,0.9722832,0.008093639,0.0018964743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028706653,0.000008864457,0.0098079275,0.000014398263,0.0000064116466,0.0000041444077,0.00095645076,0.005156603,0.000024256973,0.4715793,0.5120089,0.0001456387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008765491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005162842,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76744604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000243313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000090713576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995262},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}