{"meta":{"query_hash":"755d49f903df","filters":{"venue":"Japanese Economic Review"},"cohort_total":12,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":12,"exported":12,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/755d49f903df","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Japanese+Economic+Review"},"results":[{"id":"W1483112869","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-5876.2012.00566.x","title":"TOURISM AND WELFARE-ENHANCING EXPORT SUBSIDIES*","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Monopolistic competition; Economics; Subsidy; Context (archaeology); Consumption (sociology); Externality; Microeconomics; Welfare; Price discrimination; International economics; Industrial organization; Market economy","score_opus":0.0532764717574192,"score_gpt":0.23835493034867128,"score_spread":0.18507845859125208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1483112869","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45459238,0.40794918,0.000018188093,0.0038290254,0.001695284,0.0005795781,0.000090423164,0.00008553091,0.13116042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.883665,0.112424746,0.000250886,0.0018857283,0.0005296574,0.00007030031,0.000023557946,0.00004448226,0.0011056383],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997644,0.00001901262,0.0012055828,0.00048890884,0.000018188874,0.0006242901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986075,0.000039711198,0.00050005456,0.0005356965,0.000008594052,0.0003084526],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001279824,0.0002942637,0.000992809,0.0001044915,0.00013853796,0.000068281726,0.00025384486,0.00012233322,0.0024552487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000065198125,0.00033585815,0.0002086222,0.00007371088,0.0000599229,0.0008108435,0.00011299168,0.00016567894,0.0054322905],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026099038,0.00030501923,0.29169068,0.0056691347,0.00055383943,0.000018888277,0.0025605666,0.000016842376,0.00001764658,0.6230128,0.063178636,0.012949902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037101135,0.000032601336,0.029975511,0.0002654536,0.000034386136,0.00011165126,0.00024451452,0.000058582984,0.000018721805,0.0023913793,0.96582,0.00067615794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020990203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019901845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9026414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021047871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013337508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1838389698","doi":"10.1111/jere.12027","title":"Modified Quasi-Likelihood Ratio Test for Regime Switching","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","keywords":"Likelihood-ratio test; Econometrics; Markov chain; Score test; Statistics; Test statistic; Mathematics; Ratio test; Likelihood function; Gaussian; Statistic; Null distribution; Null hypothesis; Inference; Applied mathematics; Statistical hypothesis testing; Maximum likelihood; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.06750097542316008,"score_gpt":0.2578593695142346,"score_spread":0.19035839409107452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1838389698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55747116,0.21145631,0.0049615554,0.042644218,0.004314365,0.0143826585,0.001742528,0.0005554971,0.16247171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9640723,0.021283641,0.0008948037,0.006354363,0.00086564873,0.0010936884,0.00012158325,0.00010916226,0.005204829],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966479,0.000025678402,0.0017755447,0.00079193246,0.000020257954,0.00073871133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975302,0.00033893852,0.00090554706,0.0009270335,0.000017101172,0.00028117225],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012443047,0.00040237853,0.0013452171,0.00017532449,0.000182284,0.00019974662,0.00053238857,0.00015329084,0.0034030697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003741255,0.00043767827,0.00048874976,0.000079290854,0.000038663162,0.001007537,0.00006855615,0.0001907693,0.018369317],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007376109,0.001045495,0.015453513,0.011653129,0.0012332577,0.0000062117897,0.0030128006,0.0027599325,0.00018984698,0.17719638,0.7135614,0.073814236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004141799,0.0007159871,0.007583674,0.001553176,0.00015511867,0.00011680011,0.00021649296,0.28332865,0.00006477088,0.1410921,0.55756384,0.0034675915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019148514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000038511454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40660113,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029211683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039325132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1945328068","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-5876.2011.00536.x","title":"INTER-TEMPORAL LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN JAPAN*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security","funders":"","keywords":"Affect (linguistics); Economics; Probit model; Ordered probit; Probit; Econometrics; Variety (cybernetics); Demographic economics; Instrumental variable; Order (exchange); Variable (mathematics); Term (time); Labour economics; Psychology; Statistics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.043260919191388705,"score_gpt":0.29921017143341416,"score_spread":0.25594925224202547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1945328068","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96360713,0.0020296203,0.000005444174,0.00016638845,0.00045814674,0.00059005147,0.00000864677,0.000049017606,0.03308555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827901,0.010838984,0.000055203134,0.0006281777,0.000119849945,0.0002127167,0.000011473844,0.000018744744,0.0053247525],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810845,0.00030003727,0.0006023199,0.00031870103,0.00009302775,0.0005774913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991258,0.000051698098,0.00023822974,0.0003159412,0.00003667906,0.00023168506],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020550904,0.00016530916,0.00046956693,0.000074257274,0.000110477224,0.00004269072,0.00035421056,0.00010889984,0.0015396974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015766177,0.00016405701,0.00009675758,0.00018196373,0.00014962455,0.00043091225,0.00005405858,0.00013363009,0.0003966353],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000144352825,0.000080644255,0.87515324,0.00056752114,0.000032230866,0.0000047736366,0.11000782,0.000005094895,0.0000031524974,0.007972743,0.0007041509,0.005454193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061778555,0.000089668654,0.92241025,0.0008202645,0.000039335864,0.0000013316799,0.033587255,0.00029743512,0.0000024125948,0.0054387148,0.036058504,0.00063702697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00737648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012081198,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07642057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053080777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017215282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013222865","doi":"10.1111/1468-5876.00194","title":"Solutions For Some Dynamic Problems With Uncertainty Aversion","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Operator (biology); Mathematical economics; Choquet integral; Investment (military); Risk aversion (psychology); Ambiguity aversion; Loss aversion; Expected utility hypothesis; Mathematical optimization; Econometrics; Mathematics; Microeconomics; Computer science","score_opus":0.12817197489065418,"score_gpt":0.3835525774052029,"score_spread":0.2553806025145487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013222865","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9586742,0.023096718,0.0007629673,0.008352272,0.0014633433,0.002971196,0.00016633651,0.00014845384,0.004364495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93845457,0.04555516,0.001313794,0.0030193732,0.0003025477,0.00053462456,0.00010809245,0.000088014654,0.010623817],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99712014,0.00010114288,0.0011682617,0.00083543104,0.0002536702,0.00052133534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971801,0.0008230314,0.00058966945,0.001079389,0.00013826088,0.00018955123],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035392176,0.00027260673,0.00082630164,0.00018972541,0.0003406693,0.00023469876,0.00090694736,0.00008077259,0.0010569379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004048021,0.00018378181,0.00035727647,0.00024940836,0.00011650227,0.0007285975,0.00015363072,0.00013401017,0.0032868313],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009258572,0.00014117402,0.00045516432,0.0002014826,0.00004119879,0.000011324568,0.0001649224,0.009416473,0.000022311055,0.00100928,0.04474869,0.94369537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090334984,0.000279959,0.0003040659,0.0012994551,0.00012156888,0.00022975262,0.00028251848,0.023857405,0.0000014324834,0.04150234,0.93062997,0.0005881584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000721698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030406093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94310725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036808426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017541027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985623},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038079062","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-5876.2008.00440.x","title":"A CLASS OF PERFORMANCE-BASED SUBSIDY RULES*","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Subsidy; Monopoly; Incentive; Economics; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.12059149499037529,"score_gpt":0.3557644856911446,"score_spread":0.2351729907007693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038079062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94786435,0.008097524,0.0001942406,0.0017780024,0.00022206998,0.00049979275,0.000028032842,0.0000370247,0.041278955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860955,0.009429498,0.00018704984,0.00077109144,0.00007532476,0.00007364103,0.0000076395245,0.000008538635,0.0033517312],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983513,0.00013050828,0.0008967507,0.00029953328,0.00019236216,0.00012958582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981576,0.0004164042,0.00045900646,0.0008053144,0.00008298662,0.00007867058],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017173743,0.00010886157,0.00046755053,0.00009035482,0.00012859219,0.000012884193,0.0005590913,0.000040196916,0.003773908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022458873,0.000080298305,0.00020130162,0.00022072252,0.00018579651,0.0002005923,0.000036080826,0.00007577749,0.0076137283],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023785037,0.00090481574,0.04086125,0.00350164,0.00018330186,0.000013780393,0.0023899942,0.0048837042,0.00069017755,0.10746795,0.31130037,0.5275652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003443216,0.00005476379,0.0060566734,0.0003425982,0.000027689224,0.000072931114,0.00008251292,0.0021756652,0.0006150807,0.002429126,0.9875631,0.00023555616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005758847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019506288,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67626274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003924833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001291572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971368},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054208255","doi":"10.1111/1468-5876.t01-1-00067","title":"Recycling Redux: A Nash–Cournot Approach","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Cournot competition; Economics; Redux; Lerner index; Market power; Production (economics); Microeconomics; Competition (biology); Oligopoly; Index (typography); Market structure; Industrial organization; Engineering","score_opus":0.04529904794335346,"score_gpt":0.2496045599767786,"score_spread":0.20430551203342515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054208255","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008430913,0.18706602,0.0006158771,0.0010539172,0.00066873914,0.00043853954,0.00003742647,0.00007422022,0.80161434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.66700244,0.28872147,0.0043716715,0.0069152475,0.00047801534,0.00039141814,0.00012525871,0.00013163549,0.031862818],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976474,0.0000779648,0.001273667,0.0006373141,0.000030051031,0.00033358604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850565,0.00004327876,0.0005350777,0.00073743693,0.000019037512,0.00015954468],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016571825,0.00023800426,0.0010144522,0.00018129601,0.0001117057,0.00007207152,0.00030820718,0.00008149371,0.010833788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001709849,0.00026148304,0.00048039702,0.00024346837,0.000038164955,0.00020848053,0.000030125737,0.00017852987,0.009334814],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008595205,0.00028473197,0.007295873,0.0023558794,0.00049408997,0.0000069639214,0.00041507775,0.00032240443,0.000008304363,0.9354112,0.049664102,0.003732762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035592951,0.000018477627,0.0003017843,0.0002731698,0.0000503912,0.00004564939,0.00008385148,0.0010936364,0.000010077778,0.008671321,0.98855853,0.000537172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006857576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000527241,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93889445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015812235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080389924","doi":"10.1111/1468-5876.00168","title":"On the Stability of Long-Run M2 Demand in Japan","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Broad money; Deregulation; Demand curve; Stability (learning theory); Demand for money; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics; Microeconomics; Monetary policy","score_opus":0.07159960573973602,"score_gpt":0.24983068080312187,"score_spread":0.17823107506338587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080389924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9173619,0.022096764,0.0000012151559,0.0023919318,0.00014136244,0.0006735289,0.000124942,0.000013313026,0.05719504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96517164,0.031587344,0.000011274607,0.0021759958,0.000077218596,0.00006213501,0.000014220529,0.000024324036,0.0008758389],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973877,0.00008578487,0.0015828403,0.00052125636,0.000022226643,0.00040019336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981146,0.00030960148,0.00046540357,0.0010061343,0.000004094505,0.00010015596],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002319303,0.00025991563,0.0010786005,0.00011303777,0.000059509424,0.00002980617,0.00049606274,0.00009647174,0.03791404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001361238,0.00022284916,0.0002989507,0.00012128662,0.00012088178,0.0002473769,0.000034816687,0.00022375831,0.007032585],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00059311464,0.0017528326,0.6039031,0.009637641,0.000953576,0.00002413504,0.008679457,0.012968751,0.000013090628,0.2068609,0.063731804,0.090881616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004951295,0.0010088903,0.65790266,0.004736886,0.00012855085,0.00011958698,0.0003164066,0.02517821,0.00027566127,0.085015245,0.21676177,0.0036048293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013153063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019132008,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15302996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021181311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022775977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99374056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154138443","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-5876.2008.00450.x","title":"FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AND ECONOMIC VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM STATE-LEVEL CROSS-SECTION DATA OF THE USA","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Endogeneity; Volatility (finance); Panel data; Macroeconomics; Diversification (marketing strategy); Monetary economics; Econometrics; Market economy","score_opus":0.1424267262597283,"score_gpt":0.3571238517827145,"score_spread":0.2146971255229862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154138443","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98723567,0.010265075,0.00013513511,0.00060553,0.00063316274,0.00051036035,0.00019966642,0.0000126233535,0.00040279012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8119826,0.18708582,0.000041982657,0.00021047462,0.00014780005,0.000007672359,0.000039829385,0.000007091044,0.0004767443],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986024,0.00019745655,0.00050755375,0.00036276298,0.00015136652,0.0001784843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883306,0.00016374853,0.00035979509,0.00055370637,0.00002412742,0.00006558238],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069996825,0.00010857637,0.00027428757,0.000012100009,0.00027011294,0.00005060687,0.00046373048,0.000064864005,0.00059830723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033349346,0.00008782397,0.00005611725,0.0000753637,0.0002998791,0.0010950614,0.00014767997,0.0000622719,0.000057052093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013555617,0.00001494518,0.99044657,0.00013762497,0.000015300255,3.1792675e-7,0.0012085816,0.00009316883,0.000011609609,0.00028884035,0.0046362784,0.0031332034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020164454,0.00001212135,0.9236196,0.0006814068,0.00004006657,0.000002555934,0.000047809826,0.0029964887,0.00005642812,0.00023695693,0.07194137,0.00016349569],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019992331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016430952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17682074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029310398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022720279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98653364},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2887255018","doi":"10.1111/jere.12190","title":"Frequency versus Depth: How Changing the Temporal Process of Promotions Impacts Demand for a Storable Good","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"U.S. Department of Justice","keywords":"Counterfactual thinking; Liberian dollar; Revenue; Economics; Product (mathematics); Process (computing); Microeconomics; Econometrics; Computer science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.04578649432128004,"score_gpt":0.2967857032316165,"score_spread":0.25099920891033645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2887255018","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9637075,0.014316885,0.000058841557,0.004199552,0.0012515084,0.0027954963,0.000017494003,0.000087949644,0.013564791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99783516,0.00055275456,0.000058125595,0.0002749214,0.00078615634,0.00021348828,0.000026565029,0.000027227337,0.00022557889],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990172,0.00001975088,0.00033362623,0.0002468512,0.000072722425,0.00030986065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897134,0.00009587549,0.00043270964,0.0003405257,0.00014250865,0.000017014958],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011580583,0.00017897924,0.0003772084,0.00011949804,0.0002592718,0.00013980782,0.00030841705,0.00004050515,0.0002747889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001952757,0.00012907888,0.00015720772,0.0002655213,0.00007453757,0.0007610826,0.00007069643,0.00007270712,0.00007560221],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007228922,0.0009388697,0.42189598,0.14251508,0.0015269011,0.000016367458,0.007059739,0.000022902397,0.0016528681,0.0183198,0.05027949,0.3550491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017061457,0.0008918434,0.09134505,0.037826814,0.010534175,0.00010762348,0.010023998,0.010929871,0.0009289491,0.0074831755,0.8066845,0.006182525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022185256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006601397,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75640506,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039409315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000623837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5263684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125022103","doi":"10.1007/s42973-020-00047-7","title":"Abatement innovation in a Cournot oligopoly: emission versus output tax incentives","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Cournot competition; Economics; Oligopoly; Incentive; Microeconomics; Production (economics); Scope (computer science); Technological change; Energy tax; Pollution; Industrial organization; Natural resource economics; Public economics; Tax reform; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.18254872265959088,"score_gpt":0.31727528151254586,"score_spread":0.13472655885295498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125022103","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8315923,0.073841944,0.000048600465,0.037517544,0.0018816349,0.0017006954,0.00063338905,0.00011192368,0.05267192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8893556,0.10018358,0.00013165714,0.008532507,0.00061839854,0.00018275014,0.00021132281,0.0000700516,0.00071413926],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99702525,0.000028667198,0.0018806624,0.00063302927,0.00002479214,0.000407609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985041,0.00007177246,0.00090429204,0.0003581883,0.000017989883,0.00014367244],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009039296,0.00027996837,0.00094184635,0.0002359048,0.00006678889,0.000072099385,0.00034686978,0.000113744565,0.0015373586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029447116,0.00033144912,0.00015402093,0.00035074228,0.000046380126,0.000439053,0.00015160232,0.00020989928,0.004116003],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022145708,0.0011680535,0.11033385,0.023893146,0.0010893149,0.00007935821,0.037135284,0.0010831557,0.00021191905,0.49737844,0.25679037,0.06862251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0043389187,0.0002948351,0.004075483,0.001322008,0.0000327274,0.000006823242,0.0007301307,0.0077171186,0.00011637832,0.003818759,0.9762756,0.0012712211],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003611952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005134294,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7194852,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005219881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004054831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3193820392","doi":"10.1007/s42973-021-00092-w","title":"Trade-off between job losses and the spread of COVID-19 in Japan","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Social planner; Constraint (computer-aided design); Demographic economics; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Job loss; Short run; Benchmark (surveying); Econometrics; Labour economics; Medicine; Microeconomics; Unemployment; Mathematics; Macroeconomics; Geography","score_opus":0.19917062390542428,"score_gpt":0.4144432677366884,"score_spread":0.2152726438312641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3193820392","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60829324,0.31052902,0.000018005738,0.076628745,0.00009614589,0.001333071,0.000052417192,0.000050446844,0.0029989094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6014018,0.3864764,0.00047496773,0.010815844,0.00019323743,0.00019480247,0.00001050241,0.00003155893,0.00040088675],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997364,0.0007582509,0.0011607826,0.00039905624,0.000076015676,0.00024189087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9862883,0.012635892,0.00039235316,0.00055327907,0.000015601136,0.00011458245],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032468522,0.00021950986,0.0017057242,0.00003188908,0.00006729417,0.000015098798,0.00027824234,0.000084693565,0.00033177773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013819904,0.0001355428,0.00023938499,0.00013622726,0.0003549035,0.00006418873,0.00025196944,0.00018838844,0.000035827114],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001370538,0.00029416996,0.5727412,0.073582,0.0011690923,0.00006501365,0.01026252,0.00004964213,0.000026614982,0.162583,0.08943479,0.08965489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005051919,0.00012823613,0.15188625,0.00573847,0.0010426119,0.000110592526,0.0017911434,0.0001476695,0.00004540225,0.3028916,0.5300707,0.0010953296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004029914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046502188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44063595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018637974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014691238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944871},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412585977","doi":"10.1007/s42973-025-00211-x","title":"The heterogeneous determinants of coagglomeration: a differenced perspective","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Regional science; Economic geography; Economics; Geography; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.026382387834821996,"score_gpt":0.2722393780985458,"score_spread":0.24585699026372382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412585977","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46213955,0.43174902,0.00017127504,0.017495923,0.0014402898,0.0014571404,0.00020643095,0.000041252963,0.08529913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8910562,0.1050731,0.000027508515,0.00071114453,0.0000569409,0.0000985009,0.000006092447,0.000012097782,0.0029584398],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998094,0.00003231264,0.0012371737,0.00040872933,0.00001950269,0.00020823776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846727,0.00015644124,0.000700413,0.0005707429,0.00005402407,0.0000511343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058041885,0.00017911589,0.0009032704,0.00011412084,0.00017815753,0.00006618374,0.00043984977,0.000060580973,0.0002788232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012408878,0.00014857763,0.00040596636,0.00014520834,0.00012854968,0.000101877966,0.00008302023,0.000084646854,0.00035580926],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003999113,0.00009205448,0.018604672,0.0007338532,0.0006222072,0.000003205605,0.00032196238,0.000258084,0.0000061031333,0.9637103,0.0036930325,0.011914507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022727542,0.00034831965,0.02778486,0.0026857257,0.00038203728,0.000056624667,0.000742722,0.06122023,0.00032376827,0.39721125,0.5050429,0.0019287821],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011016347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000691345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56649905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023898258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006233392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.605882},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}