{"meta":{"query_hash":"08a27da766d1","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences"},"cohort_total":429,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":429,"exported":429,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/08a27da766d1","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research+Biogeosciences"},"results":[{"id":"W1494250866","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20059","title":"Molecular preservation in halite‐ and perchlorate‐rich hypersaline subsurface deposits in the Salar Grande basin (Atacama Desert, Chile): Implications for the search for molecular biomarkers on Mars","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales","keywords":"Halite; Geology; Anhydrite; Perchlorate; Martian; Geochemistry; Evaporite; Wadi; Sedimentary depositional environment; Mars Exploration Program; Desert climate; Gypsum; Mineralogy; Astrobiology; Chemistry; Structural basin; Arid; Sedimentary rock; Paleontology; Archaeology","score_opus":0.05138079399594098,"score_gpt":0.3326413444043768,"score_spread":0.28126055040843584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1494250866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984951,0.00028623035,0.0001480512,0.00002720917,0.000001477967,0.000006480266,0.0005647504,0.000010401728,0.00046043916],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980976,0.00017715429,0.00034932635,0.00002648463,0.0000031623208,0.000017213823,0.00058541785,0.0000047502667,0.00073893036],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999523,0.0000038100902,0.0000027096235,0.000020136356,0.000009082894,0.000011967215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999156,0.000009935064,0.000026040807,0.0000047605718,0.000025035555,0.00001865178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009563572,0.00022958877,0.0001757895,0.0007988019,0.0002567243,0.0004983264,0.00024591776,0.0002314623,0.0011269189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012127909,0.000110067005,0.00013468368,0.0004288371,0.0002740141,0.00020429875,0.00035974232,0.00015014532,0.00022839407],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020997376,0.000051042894,0.28557363,0.00020945736,0.00007358832,0.00032064048,0.0008909641,0.0002513075,0.70299155,0.00007234691,0.000139828,0.009215721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007163673,0.000052521606,0.9864827,0.000013267808,0.00001610568,0.00012844874,0.0007652153,0.0003592536,0.01094705,0.000035427347,0.001186323,0.000006515648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00706788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0072862078,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00706788,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028515802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000198277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014053524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1496086111","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002525","title":"Temporal dynamics of oxygen isotope compositions of soil and canopy CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in a temperate deciduous forest","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Guelph","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Temperate deciduous forest; Temperate forest; Canopy; Throughfall; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Temperate climate; Temperate rainforest; Stable isotope ratio; Deciduous; Flux (metallurgy); Growing season; Soil water; Tree canopy; Soil science; Ecosystem; Ecology; Chemistry; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.01395678766332297,"score_gpt":0.26909050965877757,"score_spread":0.2551337219954546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1496086111","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996505,0.000014026447,0.00017684828,0.000004928646,6.5901105e-7,0.0000010970489,0.000057851183,0.0000064255123,0.00008773949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997187,0.0000065178456,0.00013574003,0.000003129358,8.060106e-7,0.0000020171867,0.00008682848,0.0000019288518,0.000044233388],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999707,0.0000039942015,0.000001876832,0.000011678987,0.0000047975564,0.000007011006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998549,0.00005601108,0.000027654132,0.00000824251,0.000028002507,0.00002516708],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019668535,0.00013312849,0.00013944792,0.00028231816,0.00018896241,0.0002358867,0.00015536633,0.00018421143,0.00029716158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026542356,0.00010495332,0.00011061878,0.00016810208,0.00014745932,0.00020720394,0.000103857776,0.00013213973,0.000058118647],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010189146,0.00018629123,0.65228087,0.00005918412,0.0001030711,0.00039037262,0.0004349117,0.008888395,0.32390663,0.00032722673,0.00027953283,0.012124572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008027932,0.00005139511,0.9687255,0.000002478416,0.000013957595,0.000060987993,0.00008799994,0.02562818,0.0051291897,0.000070345384,0.00021286313,0.000009157369],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008991962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009061038,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008991962,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025948905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010250511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017879248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1498866614","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20053","title":"Recent climate and fire disturbance impacts on boreal and arctic ecosystem productivity estimated using a satellite‐based terrestrial carbon flux model","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre de Géomatique du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Boreal; Taiga; Chronosequence; Primary production; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem respiration; Climatology; Climate change; Boreal ecosystem; Vegetation (pathology); Arctic; Carbon cycle; Ecosystem; Forestry; Ecology; Geography; Soil water; Oceanography; Geology","score_opus":0.04828242188106468,"score_gpt":0.3190903196059405,"score_spread":0.2708078977248758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1498866614","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982545,0.000029287976,0.0007940934,0.000020016902,0.0000063353104,0.0000060049792,0.00037119543,0.000043746335,0.00047498452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987067,0.0000209268,0.0007809166,0.0000050534686,0.0000028502832,0.000008977898,0.000382034,0.0000041080493,0.000088465815],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987674,0.000036051653,0.000010592578,0.000040445342,0.000016552089,0.000019543602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996542,0.00012602245,0.00006360043,0.000035297704,0.000080148144,0.000040656094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007152638,0.00066772517,0.00030033273,0.00036429855,0.00037238997,0.0006340496,0.0005531239,0.00046650774,0.0004920904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000726491,0.00031907123,0.00069157674,0.00033268737,0.00030910983,0.00045839458,0.0001909067,0.00026915254,0.00007197637],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023059496,0.00012666677,0.090251565,0.000018453411,0.00021350764,0.00007684553,0.000027462247,0.90400016,0.0018389326,0.0002159482,0.00026284513,0.0027370334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004098187,0.00007369276,0.03932932,0.0000048757465,0.00005584585,0.000022757049,0.000019384459,0.9596129,0.0005772799,0.00008685118,0.00016510498,0.0000109913735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10495104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.061632402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10495104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012736329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006395714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20868027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1506012641","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20041","title":"Two phytoplankton blooms near Luzon Strait generated by lingering Typhoon Parma","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Typhoon; Phytoplankton; Oceanography; Colored dissolved organic matter; Bay; Bloom; Photic zone; Environmental science; Algal bloom; Submarine pipeline; Geology; Nutrient; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.0350251599747629,"score_gpt":0.30484290161859695,"score_spread":0.26981774164383404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1506012641","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99968505,0.000041332285,0.000040380983,0.0000147220835,0.000002993107,0.0000060378984,0.00007236602,0.000006128024,0.00013107542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993318,0.00004485513,0.00020743988,0.000019873652,0.000004162674,0.000010672251,0.00023074134,0.0000014083897,0.00014897836],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999149,0.000008209412,0.0000064093692,0.000027549075,0.000019241674,0.000023723343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997491,0.00002352825,0.0000874897,0.000016831713,0.00004032738,0.00008274183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016152716,0.00035087316,0.00034056877,0.00063157355,0.00066988333,0.000365976,0.00024710185,0.000511536,0.00032153126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024757444,0.00026858397,0.0002918118,0.0005579532,0.00035344603,0.00026252825,0.00047914693,0.0002965234,0.000060341667],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00052289566,0.00010338647,0.9160872,0.000088756926,0.000089790745,0.003413415,0.0021727653,0.00079354364,0.07097134,0.000047604535,0.00026353647,0.005445713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008272384,0.00007845057,0.99782157,0.0000027368803,0.000016360085,0.0001329805,0.0003927634,0.0005952476,0.00074229337,0.0000055085407,0.00019702167,0.000006862809],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03158095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07568062,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03158095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007540297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044252718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06279427},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1509824193","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002745","title":"Formation of iron‐rich shelled structures by microbial communities","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; Western University","funders":"Department for the Economy","keywords":"Mineralization (soil science); Goethite; Metal; Zinc; Biomineralization; Sulfide; Stacking; Iron oxide; Oxide; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Ferrous; Mineralogy; Materials science; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.06912951175346285,"score_gpt":0.35768059323822426,"score_spread":0.2885510814847614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1509824193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987587,0.000080438695,0.00067491597,0.00001304171,0.0000026945424,0.000008259969,0.000038503586,0.000011460823,0.00041200675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986066,0.000047020727,0.0008842494,0.000006830649,0.0000025809288,0.0000034237498,0.000072300216,0.000002410184,0.00037466138],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998411,0.000012064611,0.000007293916,0.000056890658,0.000041416,0.000041236282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987674,0.000016595397,0.000025941588,0.00001600947,0.000031632735,0.000033093842],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000133822,0.00018172697,0.00013664059,0.0002840469,0.00035141534,0.0007591007,0.0001712458,0.00024648418,0.00029313797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023203062,0.0001581535,0.00015217037,0.00013513585,0.00031653862,0.00022512379,0.0004561102,0.00017920029,0.00015717871],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051372594,0.000023726496,0.016350111,0.000028845569,0.000010253395,0.00023949113,0.00025821038,0.0001717467,0.9792789,0.00013070548,0.0000334425,0.0034231616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000028557608,0.00028083767,0.22640797,0.000021244448,0.000039036342,0.00128444,0.00095200667,0.004878785,0.7612046,0.00031665716,0.0045642485,0.00002160952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001150048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014231259,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001150048,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001862778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016493392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0022867322},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1519613664","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002446","title":"Comparison of terrestrial evapotranspiration estimates using the mass transfer and Penman‐Monteith equations in land surface models","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Evapotranspiration; Penman–Monteith equation; Biome; Eddy covariance; Environmental science; Leaf area index; Richards equation; Atmospheric sciences; Canopy; Meteorology; Mathematics; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Ecosystem; Soil science; Soil water; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.10134548574110233,"score_gpt":0.35676445613827573,"score_spread":0.25541897039717343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1519613664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.939047,0.00064079184,0.05249305,0.00036547257,0.000095311625,0.00006262431,0.0012654413,0.000925549,0.005104886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809404,0.00014434531,0.017520336,0.00004837683,0.000013577837,0.000052039242,0.000793517,0.00012661942,0.0003607103],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943584,0.00019298441,0.000060305963,0.00013221771,0.00012891911,0.00004977969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979836,0.0011359366,0.00014792569,0.00025078797,0.00040775753,0.000074046795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019912755,0.00075651787,0.00062826136,0.0008028624,0.0003039713,0.00091691804,0.0012113872,0.0009883789,0.0007748651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0052809133,0.00037142987,0.0007739585,0.00098665,0.00025818162,0.0015747157,0.000576949,0.0007466926,0.00017656457],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032662132,0.00016763441,0.05299816,0.00013509144,0.00038232436,0.00006727837,0.00015829828,0.8951321,0.0038598645,0.0036606323,0.0012580144,0.041853867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000040187577,0.000035659305,0.011636016,0.00001224786,0.000034894496,0.00001773525,0.000030833813,0.9855198,0.0013271979,0.000666566,0.00064916577,0.00002972459],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034181464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024791447,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034181464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010598939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009483308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06796503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1527419759","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002707","title":"Nitrogen cycling processes and microbial community composition in bed sediments in the Yukon River at Pilot Station","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Nitrogen cycle; Nutrient cycle; Sediment; Cycling; Microbial population biology; Environmental science; Denitrification; Nutrient; Carbon cycle; Hydrology (agriculture); Biogeochemistry; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Ecosystem; Nitrogen; Geology; Biology; Chemistry; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.03908037621519834,"score_gpt":0.3120587592390051,"score_spread":0.2729783830238068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1527419759","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998136,0.000010526524,0.000027029186,0.0000024489648,3.2305422e-7,0.0000021226044,0.00007634842,0.0000016562562,0.00006587297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994178,0.000022240085,0.00009862697,0.00000642202,4.8442416e-7,0.0000060687935,0.00023604819,9.487388e-7,0.00021144922],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999052,0.000009426572,0.00000738567,0.000030443627,0.00001880266,0.000028716086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986005,0.00001671383,0.000027260869,0.0000066241387,0.00005423824,0.000035107823],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010649963,0.00019368794,0.0002513085,0.0005396313,0.0008078284,0.00045754964,0.00021097215,0.00027443166,0.0005231697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015334788,0.00022215757,0.00016763387,0.0006696507,0.0003423708,0.00024881252,0.00035081882,0.000116629606,0.00007897739],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008964951,0.00003460234,0.94902396,0.000028572576,0.000032924305,0.00021056178,0.0010668534,0.00020275479,0.045662172,0.000020840407,0.00004521371,0.0035819234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000021978703,0.00003507295,0.9982936,0.0000019514957,0.0000068189674,0.000023603745,0.0006364994,0.00023103773,0.0006505185,0.00000584509,0.00011040905,0.0000025488591],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.094199546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17339498,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90580046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007585208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068508316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18730247},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1534501191","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002320","title":"Variations in high‐latitude riverine fluorescent dissolved organic matter: A comparison of large Arctic rivers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":184,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Dalhousie University; Strategic Research Council; Texas A and M University Galveston; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Colored dissolved organic matter; Environmental science; Arctic; Vegetation (pathology); Watershed; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Phytoplankton; Oceanography; Chemistry; Geology; Nutrient","score_opus":0.022168661424331156,"score_gpt":0.29251421853403714,"score_spread":0.270345557109706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1534501191","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99920017,0.0001045896,0.00019123199,0.0000056598433,0.000001818404,0.000001913564,0.00011830268,0.0000054928487,0.00037075568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99891436,0.000115547555,0.000497722,0.00000802916,0.000004242141,0.0000061185365,0.00025121513,0.0000050855565,0.00019771938],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997819,0.00003710672,0.000019166118,0.00008500126,0.000040506628,0.000036252673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996055,0.000089581314,0.00008967542,0.00001895853,0.0001495371,0.00004670517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046086262,0.00019704801,0.00024941293,0.0008432303,0.00050777476,0.0008219735,0.00012864952,0.00029088266,0.00026300552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045810477,0.00014798471,0.0002696678,0.0009554943,0.00020954356,0.0002205317,0.00030677728,0.00013080309,0.000076352604],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004089435,0.0000648764,0.9438833,0.00004817997,0.00016755899,0.0002940093,0.0013909517,0.00068712555,0.037768487,0.00015041351,0.000107424254,0.015028627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016531147,0.000021781561,0.99758327,0.000004399113,0.000026902897,0.000072963434,0.00047080667,0.00048392388,0.00097571657,0.000015014299,0.0003388006,0.000004772952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034939002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05251393,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034939002,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047473595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038118652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06947124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1539040788","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002423","title":"Carbon release from boreal peatland open water pools: Implication for the contemporary C exchange","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Boreal; Eddy covariance; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Atmosphere (unit); Bog; Ecosystem respiration; Dissolved organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Water table; Carbon cycle; Carbon fibers; Ecology; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Geography; Groundwater; Biology","score_opus":0.05862226726787078,"score_gpt":0.3393571916801395,"score_spread":0.2807349244122687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1539040788","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995734,0.000050094783,0.00016170765,0.000010910546,0.000001238963,0.0000011568311,0.000047432404,0.0000045492375,0.00014949508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99977905,0.000021928929,0.00010952707,0.0000033324243,0.0000017548622,0.0000017963148,0.000039817674,0.0000013935958,0.000041395975],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994886,0.000008132933,0.0000062143044,0.000013574972,0.000011334486,0.000011884172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997557,0.00007041864,0.00008297707,0.000019251642,0.000029311997,0.000042418793],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036075647,0.00022374999,0.00022353185,0.0003333223,0.00032517128,0.00048113693,0.00019930546,0.00022429207,0.0005729489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004949746,0.00012452554,0.00023432387,0.00021872847,0.00028156603,0.0004979937,0.00024725386,0.00012583053,0.00004642621],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046774247,0.00012381005,0.86230665,0.00007483822,0.00015082398,0.0005713239,0.0001780953,0.009873051,0.11594208,0.0003107458,0.00011847921,0.009882227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000073232322,0.000076648255,0.9849185,0.0000040955997,0.00002176386,0.00014457025,0.000071382936,0.009758158,0.0046643442,0.00012623923,0.00019887113,0.0000080968775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043078307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0055367243,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0043078307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003099207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020944209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008565545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1543690791","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002596","title":"A two‐leaf rectangular hyperbolic model for estimating GPP across vegetation types and climate conditions","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Evergreen; Primary production; Eddy covariance; Deciduous; Environmental science; Vegetation (pathology); Grassland; Atmospheric sciences; Vegetation type; Taiga; Grassland ecosystem; Boreal; Scale (ratio); Vegetation types; Ecosystem; Climatology; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Cartography","score_opus":0.02967445953420938,"score_gpt":0.3454673314504848,"score_spread":0.3157928719162754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1543690791","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43347794,0.00025236406,0.56230384,0.00031778935,0.000042565625,0.00008124641,0.0004884101,0.0005392119,0.0024966754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9615926,0.00007504661,0.036395136,0.000041770207,0.0000103374905,0.00008056964,0.00023297127,0.00003193922,0.0015396157],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998192,0.000052142706,0.000009545121,0.000073678944,0.000023711982,0.000021778416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968064,0.0001824016,0.000035177225,0.00003284192,0.000051845134,0.000017135331],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062859437,0.00050878926,0.00041498552,0.000314924,0.00024985065,0.00050881493,0.001402278,0.00095690595,0.0009888244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011747552,0.0004778313,0.0007070909,0.00043356637,0.0004484962,0.00065063353,0.0005142478,0.0007041046,0.00016544694],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020290208,0.000014714243,0.0019316439,0.000010902573,0.000021480411,0.000025076384,0.000017251914,0.9907355,0.0010842482,0.0008194034,0.00009947855,0.005219992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018232874,0.000002667414,0.00020582069,3.780756e-7,0.0000017191436,0.0000017737724,0.0000017747943,0.99958736,0.00008334525,0.00008418154,0.000027508264,0.0000017040333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026884902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011402037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026884902,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000653425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007007986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.053456843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1546707005","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002773","title":"A practical approach for uncertainty quantification of high‐frequency soil respiration using Forced Diffusion chambers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"Petroleum Technology Research Centre","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Scaling; Flux (metallurgy); Statistics; Mathematics; Environmental science; Observational error; Covariance; Diffusion; Range (aeronautics); Soil respiration; Atmospheric sciences; Standard deviation; Random field; Soil science; Soil water; Ecosystem; Physics; Ecology; Chemistry; Geometry; Biology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.13047024963032736,"score_gpt":0.37069702204192767,"score_spread":0.24022677241160031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1546707005","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.013029281,0.00016231043,0.9852433,0.00008413387,0.000052486095,0.0002187317,0.0001853532,0.00029848592,0.0007259467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.19378465,0.00020071353,0.8037357,0.00011933054,0.000050677816,0.0012389353,0.00015125865,0.00010931292,0.00060933235],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9925649,0.0020076542,0.0004645569,0.0011948247,0.003600623,0.00016753387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98725766,0.0064526238,0.0016490549,0.0025495358,0.001968077,0.00012293005],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0094711995,0.0008984674,0.00057796005,0.0013372101,0.00094647985,0.0013429257,0.0019439289,0.00133313,0.0013358943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.021660162,0.00069607777,0.0008062553,0.00070143875,0.001121748,0.0013358963,0.002002585,0.001553906,0.00032247123],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027701806,0.00016767946,0.011366668,0.0006051009,0.00022003708,0.00017506853,0.0005333294,0.030152472,0.7880475,0.025975607,0.0013674159,0.14111212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006711442,0.0005341624,0.015460956,0.0001593862,0.000115046525,0.00051146856,0.000112320304,0.29669887,0.6558225,0.012861731,0.017362168,0.00029427302],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013870787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029566023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0094711995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011112923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010504033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05008906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1553108857","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002388","title":"Improved assessment of gross and net primary productivity of Canada's landmass","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Gobierno de México; Natural Resources Canada; U.S. Geological Survey; Comisión Nacional Forestal","keywords":"Primary production; Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Environmental science; Ecosystem respiration; Land cover; Atmospheric sciences; Boreal ecosystem; Productivity; Leaf area index; Flux (metallurgy); Carbon cycle; Ecosystem; Taiga; Meteorology; Remote sensing; Land use; Forestry; Satellite; Geography; Ecology; Physics","score_opus":0.012767132209043882,"score_gpt":0.271374290517233,"score_spread":0.2586071583081891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1553108857","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98829156,0.00020216593,0.0028158354,0.00011127449,0.000008160857,0.00002663161,0.003583774,0.00031654714,0.0046441285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961272,0.00006272107,0.001991479,0.000021417285,0.0000016506735,0.0000063807256,0.0011660957,0.00001602914,0.00060702284],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997924,0.000016612334,0.000007037366,0.000037767455,0.00010610525,0.00004007822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994574,0.000033349585,0.00003984554,0.000021169295,0.00038807825,0.000060268572],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037661023,0.0005432467,0.00023391358,0.00064566924,0.0006559332,0.00092267233,0.00054531824,0.00024837285,0.00086282974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008669982,0.00015970333,0.00032237012,0.0008471145,0.00023267862,0.000385841,0.00027091068,0.00022120138,0.000116902396],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026125804,0.00008888121,0.49125147,0.00008753461,0.0003196387,0.0002416907,0.00019806702,0.45199785,0.011691719,0.0018270942,0.0040065073,0.03802836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000047912905,0.000050466533,0.4259894,0.000027304428,0.00008208959,0.00004881738,0.000216875,0.5646264,0.0045538945,0.0004941909,0.0038050066,0.000057654717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.969619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.96641326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030381024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009453751,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0081659015,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06859213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1569475212","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20050","title":"Hydrologic profiling for greenhouse gas effluxes from natural grasslands in the prairie pothole region of Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Western University","funders":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Global warming; Greenhouse gas; Climate change; Hydrology (agriculture); Representative Concentration Pathways; Arid; Climate model; Global change; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.028836620622708677,"score_gpt":0.28354589779223055,"score_spread":0.25470927716952185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1569475212","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991172,0.000018067849,0.000112789,0.0000063096045,3.1259407e-7,0.0000043437876,0.00044101107,0.0000069458297,0.00029304973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99928826,0.000023050947,0.00018000604,0.0000027488663,2.6533272e-7,0.0000031455556,0.0003217581,0.0000014055537,0.00017935148],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999404,0.0000046493888,0.0000027357694,0.000015955296,0.000016453861,0.000019750887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980694,0.000026929252,0.000032960663,0.000009387707,0.000090623806,0.000033147593],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007976439,0.0001201194,0.00008844002,0.0004335875,0.00041893424,0.00040042744,0.00022229934,0.000096826436,0.0004946407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028158835,0.000090714726,0.00016935311,0.00071798975,0.0001818736,0.00015845646,0.00017935669,0.00009579079,0.00004237011],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007791159,0.00002315302,0.9815419,0.000019588868,0.000041238014,0.00011328115,0.00055427133,0.0027280082,0.008401959,0.00009125516,0.00018447748,0.0062230234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014118244,0.0000046487926,0.99770725,0.0000016504956,0.0000039542615,0.000015106598,0.00025018948,0.0015383278,0.00028852627,0.000008612735,0.00017733987,0.0000028701575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.86239034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.944276,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13760966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024827914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016253741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2768401},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1588011536","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002774","title":"Spatial variability in tropical forest leaf area density from multireturn lidar and modeling","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Lidar; Leaf area index; Environmental science; Tropical forest; Remote sensing; Geography; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.06283435326298076,"score_gpt":0.3107962096088256,"score_spread":0.24796185634584483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1588011536","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953447,0.000049601218,0.0040445826,0.000052651234,0.0000019714023,0.000004332292,0.00014856666,0.00003836158,0.0003151476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99843997,0.000020625908,0.0013807816,0.000003593713,0.0000017691024,0.0000028491631,0.000079414356,0.0000047059953,0.0000663428],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999043,0.000028371765,0.000006235113,0.00003405755,0.000013332423,0.000013762803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996146,0.00020475558,0.00007138746,0.000039470586,0.000049747014,0.000020031295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047806068,0.0002582215,0.00014681731,0.00037100218,0.00021448899,0.00045819255,0.0004982525,0.00032398058,0.00034873723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010933871,0.00020579225,0.00025436466,0.00041844053,0.0002389551,0.0005018332,0.00025355036,0.00019598819,0.00005376647],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006746635,0.00007039249,0.19592512,0.000040537278,0.00006334222,0.00013737028,0.00015770727,0.7872182,0.004531343,0.0010067611,0.000226597,0.01055521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000055969494,0.000006073218,0.027977979,0.0000033945337,0.0000062634576,0.000017109505,0.00002474778,0.9713371,0.0003613269,0.00017083477,0.0000836853,0.0000058690553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0606016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03981283,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0606016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00081106485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034054636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1204977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1590238916","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20102","title":"Timing and magnitude of spring bloom and effects of physical environments over the Grand Banks of Newfoundland","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Bloom; Spring bloom; Oceanography; Algal bloom; Sea surface temperature; Magnitude (astronomy); Environmental science; Sverdrup; Spring (device); Climatology; Geology; Marine ecosystem; Phytoplankton; Ecosystem; Ecology; Arctic","score_opus":0.016593803969020868,"score_gpt":0.25715392558241695,"score_spread":0.24056012161339607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1590238916","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999067,0.00006125406,0.000020444766,0.000039651055,0.0000019760103,0.0000018568528,0.00043791006,0.0000030188053,0.00036678842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99905723,0.00006783322,0.000060851722,0.000019835405,0.0000016513455,0.000003270497,0.00029380448,0.0000014495797,0.00049406115],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998375,0.000018463496,0.000010940449,0.000044673845,0.000021825866,0.00006652348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990176,0.00011799107,0.0004076222,0.00004974358,0.00020721473,0.00019975517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020622613,0.0001696783,0.00015057846,0.00049208757,0.0004932995,0.0005942952,0.00031067623,0.00012841065,0.0014186118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062806584,0.00014678357,0.00017281,0.0006731629,0.00035949392,0.00024772176,0.00050323125,0.00020027127,0.00010704781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003519536,0.000008538863,0.99654657,0.000007982227,0.000031610176,0.00007579127,0.00014915984,0.00016655732,0.000478666,0.000011897566,0.00029446298,0.0021933934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[3.022414e-7,0.0000026186528,0.9996867,0.0000019424206,0.0000031188122,0.0000063005164,0.0001597525,0.000040184583,0.00001559152,8.300371e-7,0.00008185188,6.5213516e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.85267794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.96060985,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14732206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0038456244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001870263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29637927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1593246319","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002809","title":"Evidence of a change in water chemistry in Canada's subarctic associated with enhanced winter streamflow","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Northwest Territories; Natural Resources Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Streamflow; Subarctic climate; Environmental science; Surface runoff; Biogeochemical cycle; Snowmelt; Drainage basin; Climate change; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Oceanography; Ecology; Geography","score_opus":0.10109334087076156,"score_gpt":0.31336202040453737,"score_spread":0.21226867953377582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1593246319","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.998223,0.00011460343,0.000033372246,0.00010509754,0.0000029683401,0.000004627463,0.0004914381,0.0000044157878,0.0010205762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992879,0.000069952664,0.00005779789,0.00003811426,0.0000016243121,0.0000014877206,0.00025540395,9.975519e-7,0.00028667954],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986494,0.0000054896927,0.00000441766,0.00002486649,0.000037311584,0.00006292203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930155,0.000031327618,0.000114264934,0.000014900292,0.0002975915,0.00024044688],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016309276,0.00015224164,0.00017115552,0.0006432036,0.0013269325,0.0005599137,0.00029134197,0.0002134302,0.0011958105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048664073,0.00012530034,0.00012707272,0.000962821,0.00052399194,0.00012046455,0.0002978071,0.00025312378,0.0000621171],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013072422,0.00002462958,0.9908406,0.000017739512,0.00003096391,0.00023256932,0.00042464133,0.00011426255,0.004437535,0.00010866065,0.00040551374,0.003232114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012208002,0.0000040714804,0.9994042,0.0000017041681,0.000004075696,0.000017626167,0.00021379297,0.00006176051,0.00011445172,0.0000075217667,0.00016836668,0.0000012717652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9820134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99412364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017986596,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009070621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010294348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06581229},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1599969129","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002747","title":"Nutrient uptake dynamics across a gradient of nutrient concentrations and ratios at the landscape scale","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Nitrogen; Nutrient; Ammonium; Phosphorus; Nitrate; Chemistry; Reactive nitrogen; Environmental chemistry","score_opus":0.03502226853537932,"score_gpt":0.3161069695630098,"score_spread":0.2810847010276305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1599969129","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996891,0.000010897551,0.00017799827,0.0000027115852,2.772604e-7,0.0000018297146,0.000032251755,0.0000031058105,0.000081817496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994628,0.000012999726,0.00034695255,0.0000033407048,5.414967e-7,0.0000055363444,0.00008507353,0.0000019120162,0.00008082078],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999137,0.000013230749,0.000005034888,0.00003927176,0.000014751144,0.000014050963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999749,0.000064443826,0.000064195825,0.000014796755,0.000076888486,0.000030617135],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016365544,0.00009670417,0.00022507337,0.00043963795,0.0002881602,0.0005800635,0.00016150821,0.00019754899,0.00042944134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034932367,0.00015903529,0.00011907286,0.00035194505,0.00038765254,0.00030477712,0.0002894673,0.00020940196,0.00005649158],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001983775,0.00006331323,0.82204306,0.000031096726,0.00010481221,0.000115038194,0.00038754867,0.0029837526,0.16834563,0.00015136837,0.00009921273,0.005476833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000058766873,0.00006831938,0.9920602,0.000002358378,0.000016562139,0.000040070234,0.0002577968,0.00470947,0.0026323185,0.0000670814,0.00013516484,0.000004765422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027284008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04223147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027284008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005558732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025479036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05425036},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1610330735","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20082","title":"Evening methane emission pulses from a boreal wetland correspond to convective mixing in hollows","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Daytime; Environmental science; Methane; Atmospheric sciences; Wetland; Diurnal cycle; Flux (metallurgy); Atmosphere (unit); Boreal; Convective mixing; Mixing ratio; Convection; Meteorology; Ecology; Chemistry; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.02839703801947487,"score_gpt":0.3239677293799879,"score_spread":0.29557069136051306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1610330735","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99937433,0.000026572354,0.00023470908,0.000007279236,0.000001941108,0.0000018617903,0.000112900256,0.0000139124395,0.00022653052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99953604,0.000009314499,0.00025474917,0.0000046791733,0.0000022900228,0.0000024567564,0.00011398598,0.0000028829036,0.000073615665],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99995816,0.0000038405783,0.0000022982026,0.00001436133,0.000007668534,0.0000138000705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998406,0.00003274037,0.000047288293,0.000010699336,0.000029407704,0.000039145278],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000121061414,0.00014469617,0.00022133786,0.0004256727,0.00041309925,0.0002587743,0.00019625132,0.0002142,0.0006320586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018325559,0.00013961877,0.00018182298,0.00020584406,0.0001963449,0.00023961489,0.00024414062,0.00019752732,0.00006161135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00096529163,0.00012568488,0.61340916,0.00007251918,0.000052522773,0.00040875588,0.0006202557,0.00073699944,0.37079695,0.00017495941,0.00030298822,0.012333952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000025106451,0.000029028204,0.99647874,0.0000023727277,0.0000041323997,0.00004545443,0.00008711705,0.0006107152,0.0025973981,0.00003374071,0.000105084626,0.000003740358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008416399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015896885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008416399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021002002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013091876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016734838},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1639062738","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002474","title":"Effect of<i>Carex rostrata</i>on seasonal and interannual variability in peatland methane emissions","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Peat; Carex; Environmental science; Methane; Methane emissions; Wetland; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Ecology; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.014207973383863154,"score_gpt":0.32111143602333636,"score_spread":0.3069034626394732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1639062738","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999453,0.00009494429,0.000040492567,0.000034950877,0.000010999638,0.000010708803,0.00013392637,0.000013454207,0.00020759231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974159,0.00010926266,0.0003449772,0.00021284433,0.000013455215,0.00005633996,0.00049908564,0.000017324453,0.0013306958],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982494,0.00002742089,0.000014637786,0.000065207794,0.000021839625,0.00004601929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991829,0.00016740407,0.00023037233,0.00006951711,0.00008922378,0.0002605757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022387163,0.0005027465,0.00038095145,0.00028971746,0.0004610489,0.00055886013,0.000535047,0.0004533806,0.0013143703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046878564,0.00020601468,0.00028767242,0.00016611986,0.000420376,0.00036949044,0.0004380606,0.00071069715,0.00014500735],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.008964268,0.0012942739,0.017638711,0.00013515685,0.00017866447,0.00012949789,0.00012838637,0.00032881394,0.9629885,0.000042704763,0.00033593134,0.00783515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024190183,0.008364039,0.8060962,0.000025809777,0.000248864,0.00010112502,0.0002619179,0.0021594048,0.18018673,0.000061671926,0.002200404,0.00005195403],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014944888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023811039,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014944888,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008215139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043038352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.029715776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1760653496","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002963","title":"Distinct patterns of microbial metabolism associated to riverine dissolved organic carbon of different source and quality","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vetenskapsrådet; Hydro-Québec","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Peat; Aquatic ecosystem; Environmental science; Respiration; Carbon cycle; Ecosystem; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Greenhouse gas; Chemistry; Biology; Botany","score_opus":0.05004238735656837,"score_gpt":0.29841250665399666,"score_spread":0.24837011929742828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1760653496","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984503,0.00007684729,0.00022982107,0.00001023603,0.0000010914257,0.000007233162,0.00081597856,0.000006282566,0.0004023021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981768,0.000042676886,0.00025160104,0.0000117796635,0.0000010022792,0.000009888415,0.0009670887,0.0000043318596,0.0005349082],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985707,0.000016474187,0.0000062245877,0.00005332514,0.000027437129,0.000039540293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997279,0.00003926941,0.000058922484,0.000014048404,0.00010431494,0.000055621156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015508289,0.00022050562,0.00024236036,0.0006960081,0.00038346302,0.0007121748,0.00017090733,0.00025261435,0.00079176005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030486056,0.00014320688,0.00016899676,0.0009321754,0.00038438165,0.00015376548,0.00031130927,0.00022299285,0.00009508729],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006183187,0.0000647647,0.58198124,0.00009150733,0.00015308059,0.00010562565,0.0008269234,0.0006278034,0.40721336,0.00016896035,0.00021621262,0.007932323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000013353248,0.000018555324,0.9979638,0.0000014156151,0.0000068337627,0.000013826359,0.00012699007,0.00027176557,0.001472346,0.00001148712,0.000108516935,0.0000032390003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16737916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2420402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16737916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011922676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004896246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33280975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1818679486","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20085","title":"Nitrogen production from geochemical weathering of rocks in southwest Montana, USA","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Weathering; Watershed; Parent rock; Hydrology (agriculture); STREAMS; Nitrate; Soil water; Geology; Nitrogen; Dissolution; Environmental science; Water quality; Environmental chemistry; Geochemistry; Soil science; Chemistry; Ecology","score_opus":0.029167645581696863,"score_gpt":0.26748538470066563,"score_spread":0.23831773911896875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1818679486","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997135,0.000012407537,0.000038622074,0.000008388069,3.8854338e-7,0.0000025438044,0.000059915415,0.0000036342183,0.00016065974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99897754,0.000031439253,0.00034385675,0.000016193806,0.0000010080519,0.0000077261375,0.000311167,0.000002355375,0.00030877552],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999943,0.00000957413,0.000002525445,0.000020169553,0.00001655827,0.000008126791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998872,0.0000138583055,0.000034334622,0.000007594789,0.00003738087,0.00001953492],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008968465,0.00010225245,0.00009938076,0.00026534032,0.00038429443,0.0002565041,0.00013978782,0.00009612964,0.0004254332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000109152665,0.00007374076,0.00007518946,0.00017841771,0.00017763297,0.000102181686,0.0001311837,0.00012833194,0.000048233003],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051495654,0.00021703825,0.47200328,0.00003929862,0.000054991484,0.00024113292,0.00042735046,0.00037500844,0.5133207,0.000059499795,0.00036073377,0.012386051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007751666,0.00014497184,0.96946824,0.0000027349415,0.000014463661,0.000044820288,0.00026111735,0.0009292818,0.02863246,0.000025395097,0.00046559502,0.0000031842092],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.066524304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.23323639,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.066524304,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059281365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004835466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13227415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1823968886","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20043","title":"The ecohydrology of forested peatlands: Simulating the effects of tree shading on moss evaporation and species composition","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; McMaster University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Environmental science; Evapotranspiration; Transpiration; Ecohydrology; Canopy; Atmospheric sciences; Moss; Sphagnum; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecosystem; Soil science; Ecology; Botany; Photosynthesis; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.020758368921666964,"score_gpt":0.29342886741575275,"score_spread":0.27267049849408576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1823968886","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972677,0.000021947,0.0011716186,0.000033254506,0.0000073892943,0.000010353849,0.00019931668,0.000045720502,0.0012427196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988813,0.000015267351,0.00075721426,0.000010903448,0.0000018086864,0.0000099443505,0.00008109639,0.0000091678685,0.0002333916],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991894,0.000024329816,0.000004170287,0.000015201154,0.00000790153,0.000029491739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960905,0.00021179042,0.000036402922,0.000024456553,0.00004773729,0.0000706553],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002566421,0.0003754982,0.00034089654,0.00031253,0.0003938954,0.0006108272,0.00072878035,0.0009290472,0.0014286906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007180414,0.0002665536,0.0006113735,0.00029956806,0.00047905996,0.00039577356,0.00035358555,0.00047637717,0.00010837378],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043509805,0.000053483844,0.00487188,0.000011587757,0.000015474181,0.000043220436,0.00001592237,0.9930976,0.001116709,0.00017472639,0.000055352735,0.0005005883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000024187048,0.000029787088,0.002602798,0.00000367417,0.0000080714,0.000006444994,0.000027129883,0.99673885,0.0003739419,0.00009823334,0.00008027005,0.0000064953074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.051624943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03947925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051624943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009742555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00084718986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.102648914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1825002156","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002493","title":"Mapping global seasonal forest background reflectivity with Multi‐angle Imaging Spectroradiometer data","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Eesti Teadusfondi; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Deciduous; Environmental science; Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Leaf area index; Taiga; Understory; Canopy; Remote sensing; Spectroradiometer; Tree canopy; Physical geography; Forest inventory; Geography; Atmospheric sciences; Reflectivity; Forestry; Forest management; Satellite; Geology; Ecology; Agroforestry","score_opus":0.07480718104407656,"score_gpt":0.35433501645148985,"score_spread":0.27952783540741327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1825002156","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948089,0.00007488057,0.003500438,0.000018590925,0.0000043259397,0.000007692944,0.0007986526,0.00017956816,0.0006069709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933518,0.000036960795,0.0049528214,0.0000070079063,0.0000036587178,0.000005192301,0.0015090485,0.000016834612,0.00011666852],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999026,0.000014945255,0.0000043008527,0.000029740846,0.000023018774,0.000025357578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998901,0.000014921827,0.00002031016,0.000022356222,0.000035456156,0.00001695848],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023897104,0.00025074746,0.00018186859,0.000702725,0.0001233814,0.00023854195,0.00018389536,0.00018881564,0.00033904426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021293669,0.00010776578,0.0002543268,0.00072865636,0.0000826537,0.0002564865,0.00016144001,0.00013872804,0.00013458238],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000543401,0.00020057881,0.6027681,0.00014486181,0.00020866407,0.00030481012,0.00028645323,0.056755222,0.23904437,0.00030614532,0.0015239483,0.09791343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000030308884,0.000099571305,0.8910632,0.000014991842,0.0000631627,0.00011559455,0.00016282705,0.08981062,0.017139556,0.00014255356,0.0013382393,0.000019468647],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010342882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013849307,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010342882,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016451046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023403339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02056539},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1848635763","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20027","title":"Impacts of disturbance on the terrestrial carbon budget of North America","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Disturbance (geology); Environmental science; Carbon cycle; Carbon fibers; Soil carbon; Cycling; Carbon sequestration; Agroforestry; Forestry; Ecology; Geography; Ecosystem; Soil water; Geology; Carbon dioxide; Soil science; Biology","score_opus":0.01953035215332199,"score_gpt":0.2834336918879694,"score_spread":0.2639033397346474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1848635763","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96469957,0.017546212,0.00068587885,0.0015994286,0.000050644077,0.000024430623,0.0013864486,0.000038062706,0.013969296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863306,0.011915686,0.0004726149,0.00021506283,0.000034469267,0.000012590304,0.00046822464,0.000008611279,0.0005420753],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982905,0.000045879646,0.000016064268,0.00003212598,0.000045809647,0.00003107959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937075,0.00016545346,0.00020760491,0.000041018076,0.00014959382,0.000065565575],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039485426,0.00026723836,0.00022467307,0.0009333747,0.00045429214,0.0011039858,0.0001784846,0.00022730567,0.0014057202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008329632,0.00010039843,0.00021388532,0.002002486,0.0004749059,0.0005458936,0.0004325956,0.00020107471,0.00005915391],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044511614,0.00012348434,0.80067945,0.0011110889,0.0009950091,0.0007331596,0.001113953,0.016430581,0.016297191,0.0030825501,0.0033923371,0.15559608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000069938415,0.00004187398,0.98859763,0.00008056671,0.00009149574,0.000117245894,0.00091061275,0.0011826,0.0009283317,0.000788197,0.0072432533,0.000011051379],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08949666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14195032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9105033,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014827119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008764233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17795151},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1868557891","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20047","title":"Contrasting CO<sub>2</sub> concentration discharge dynamics in headwater streams: A multi‐catchment comparison","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Kempe Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; Sight Research UK; Vetenskapsrådet","keywords":"STREAMS; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Precipitation; Drainage basin; Discharge; Lag; Soil water; Flushing; Flow (mathematics); Soil science; Geology; Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.03141771880388676,"score_gpt":0.3207635295318416,"score_spread":0.28934581072795484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1868557891","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99963725,0.000017047467,0.000070253474,0.000004417168,4.4084706e-7,0.0000074349614,0.00014333527,0.00000514878,0.00011464218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99948126,0.000016006115,0.00008609363,0.0000054049883,0.0000014202766,0.00000852683,0.0003111657,0.0000029215312,0.0000871876],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999566,0.00008014598,0.00003334453,0.00011943503,0.000082973354,0.000118072625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909294,0.00022941853,0.00018884975,0.00006071697,0.0002651935,0.0001628058],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006832516,0.0002441811,0.0005320038,0.002038981,0.00046047926,0.0011429595,0.00037017747,0.000571056,0.0008565982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001202015,0.00017860648,0.00044740495,0.0025131137,0.0005907022,0.0005426562,0.0009376705,0.00017412445,0.000093790695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048634215,0.00010846888,0.9809568,0.00004309811,0.000253688,0.00026786485,0.0013517255,0.0017224298,0.008012292,0.00008106259,0.00017823,0.0065380894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005510548,0.000041536157,0.997891,0.0000029590615,0.000026336404,0.000024871395,0.00060418854,0.0010883876,0.00020724632,0.000014862497,0.00008753963,0.000005586159],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.118254006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1888766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.118254006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014374795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046224342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23513138},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1880465028","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002888","title":"Ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub>and CH<sub>4</sub>exchange in a mixed tundra and a fen within a hydrologically diverse Arctic landscape: 1. Modeling versus measurements","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Trent University; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Tundra; Permafrost; Environmental science; Ecosystem respiration; Eddy covariance; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Arctic; Global warming; Hydrology (agriculture); Climate change; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.1949672543548618,"score_gpt":0.3238465652857502,"score_spread":0.12887931093088836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1880465028","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998087,0.0000057075013,0.00006988753,0.0000052307687,3.1686105e-7,0.0000010640358,0.000035224406,0.0000028571806,0.00007096414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996617,0.000008267792,0.0002406182,0.0000027589406,5.80628e-7,0.0000027854892,0.000041386815,0.0000014031856,0.000040536997],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990106,0.00003068072,0.0000053089166,0.000032613454,0.000008464415,0.000021851789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981743,0.00006865937,0.000037724058,0.000012865122,0.000026131609,0.00003714217],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035382475,0.0003430126,0.0002743542,0.00022541526,0.00042012264,0.0005943431,0.0005099907,0.0003306627,0.00033211947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033904958,0.00026040606,0.00038430234,0.0002959495,0.00029947612,0.0004440556,0.00018480148,0.00017254047,0.00004316152],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00055968965,0.00036266627,0.79424584,0.00005196981,0.00035071513,0.0004299638,0.00040883233,0.17155401,0.025165953,0.00047622304,0.00023737409,0.006156748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000046578018,0.00016666668,0.4907706,0.0000067891815,0.00009601845,0.000111517904,0.0005550943,0.50456315,0.0032491516,0.00016713352,0.0002485404,0.000018714394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13774304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14347573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13774304,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015219968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005136183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27388263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1891577576","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002770","title":"Physical associations to spring phytoplankton biomass interannual variability in the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Oceanography; Environmental science; Phytoplankton; Spring bloom; Continental shelf; Chlorophyll a; Biomass (ecology); Sea surface temperature; Ecosystem; Marine ecosystem; Salinity; Climatology; Geology; Nutrient; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.04506855310082511,"score_gpt":0.3150698717946077,"score_spread":0.27000131869378263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1891577576","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.998359,0.00008445121,0.000041136806,0.000048987913,0.000005717114,0.0000016060847,0.0010041189,0.0000044509643,0.00045049196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998776,0.0000638796,0.000051163366,0.00002826318,0.0000035986404,0.0000025291026,0.00086585764,0.0000016959815,0.00020703486],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999143,0.000012012084,0.000011203949,0.000027805087,0.000019334942,0.000015415852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929154,0.00010672111,0.00025581516,0.00005493574,0.000174713,0.0001163105],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002296733,0.00014877974,0.00013575605,0.0006008478,0.00032580865,0.0004731971,0.0001691046,0.0001692564,0.0011617955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00066975603,0.00011146321,0.00020118325,0.0010595098,0.0001786731,0.00019078351,0.00034123048,0.00018812055,0.00017743069],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010930267,0.0000068048066,0.99813664,0.0000035622163,0.00002327205,0.00002233077,0.000052831256,0.0001071876,0.00028894487,0.000011727707,0.00021656105,0.0011192113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[2.703836e-7,0.0000017695693,0.99977547,0.0000018867729,0.0000019256493,0.0000041125127,0.000045020875,0.000090898015,0.00001118014,0.0000034791642,0.00006338138,5.362809e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21483248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4375105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21483248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00067533035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004702205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42716402},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1903103997","doi":"10.1002/2012jg002271","title":"A model‐based insight into the coupling of nitrogen and sulfur cycles in a coastal upwelling system","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Aalborg Universitet; Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; National Research Foundation; Agouron Institute","keywords":"Upwelling; Sulfur; Nitrogen; Oceanography; Environmental science; Coupling (piping); Geology; Chemistry; Materials science; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.034983481365713914,"score_gpt":0.27272332977629526,"score_spread":0.23773984841058135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1903103997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846919,0.0000750069,0.008241944,0.00029344525,0.000015114523,0.000028273354,0.00069066853,0.00015125072,0.005812441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975441,0.000041274136,0.0016355716,0.00002456182,0.000005327928,0.000024458386,0.00013791703,0.000020637885,0.00056598365],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993575,0.000021425141,0.000004834881,0.000017567825,0.0000068690583,0.000013480811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982977,0.00006765766,0.000027073764,0.000020416226,0.000032083655,0.000023027571],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022994017,0.0004884176,0.00042340154,0.00033298024,0.00046723225,0.0008265363,0.0007951807,0.0008934405,0.0024562704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006358617,0.00035848533,0.0006231929,0.00033885957,0.00036883308,0.0007163873,0.0006554761,0.00047180243,0.00013559252],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022171736,0.000031001742,0.0069783875,0.000016741518,0.000031845073,0.00007201058,0.00003216433,0.9881855,0.0021743665,0.0016610117,0.00013603328,0.0006587638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022116616,0.00001223284,0.002312999,0.0000023835994,0.000008661429,0.0000045886322,0.000021118762,0.99686617,0.000110708446,0.00050623657,0.00012631888,0.0000064233577],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.081301466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04150356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.081301466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019400571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015200597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16165644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1903359664","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003065","title":"Oxygen dynamics in a boreal lake responds to long‐term changes in climate, ice phenology, and DOC inputs","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Universitetet i Oslo; Norsk Institutt for Vannforskning; European Cooperation in Science and Technology; Michigan Technological University; Adecco","keywords":"Environmental science; Boreal; Dissolved organic carbon; Anoxic waters; Water column; Phenology; Climate change; Biota; Ecology; Hydrology (agriculture); Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.044926916888415686,"score_gpt":0.3159987900922135,"score_spread":0.2710718732037978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1903359664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99931943,0.000015250119,0.00018959443,0.0000470726,0.0000029848532,0.0000030164279,0.00016021168,0.000022066502,0.00024040372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99964786,0.00000957428,0.0001254559,0.000007176373,0.0000016400512,0.000004076678,0.00012198363,0.0000033026665,0.00007906627],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999348,0.000010851936,0.0000052656505,0.00002438514,0.0000068815953,0.000017781947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998648,0.000033632707,0.000029694067,0.000010439246,0.00002479549,0.00003659741],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017975595,0.00040407295,0.0002531023,0.000195937,0.00045398367,0.00056017976,0.00044994312,0.0005479727,0.0008632133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035736494,0.00024365762,0.0005917171,0.00018816127,0.0003262883,0.00042916817,0.00042272886,0.00027402272,0.00006405952],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007713277,0.00046469725,0.39088398,0.000104913015,0.00031028662,0.00041307212,0.0002964385,0.5287422,0.07032253,0.0009388437,0.001001994,0.0057497467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014409392,0.00037747764,0.2607366,0.0000072807916,0.000087377884,0.000058957296,0.0001576221,0.7350831,0.0025822674,0.00029393195,0.00042574792,0.000045601268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06088044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036177393,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06088044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011552226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000658127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.121052206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1930650746","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002594","title":"Spatial variability and landscape controls of near‐surface permafrost within the Alaskan Yukon River Basin","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Permafrost; Thematic Mapper; Physical geography; Thermokarst; Structural basin; Land cover; Geology; Spatial ecology; Spatial distribution; Hydrology (agriculture); Climate change; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Land use; Geomorphology; Geography; Ecology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.03568999419125112,"score_gpt":0.2901055250603903,"score_spread":0.25441553086913915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1930650746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996811,0.000020360734,0.000052195654,0.000011689755,4.338593e-7,5.8485574e-7,0.000057774163,0.0000030959382,0.000172719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998944,0.000009187168,0.00002428858,0.0000013146357,2.3727878e-7,6.111443e-7,0.00003586054,5.37507e-7,0.000033532207],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987864,0.000034982808,0.000009279073,0.000043877808,0.000014231419,0.000019041347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965584,0.00011913178,0.00007855477,0.000031735486,0.00006877869,0.000045993387],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002379384,0.000067859946,0.00013158823,0.0004463375,0.00028064087,0.0005058137,0.00017269353,0.00013631747,0.0005444662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059969386,0.00008873401,0.00011901927,0.0005111285,0.00037969914,0.00024660735,0.00027264468,0.00009325605,0.000051206498],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006102877,0.000023959412,0.9836137,0.0000142110575,0.00007247208,0.00011322845,0.000326927,0.0075276652,0.0026222782,0.0004820005,0.00014648531,0.0049960883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018519778,0.0000066343387,0.99344563,0.0000045269835,0.000008420409,0.000022361552,0.0003676388,0.0058029783,0.00007879686,0.00014004268,0.00011790123,0.0000032951095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10341924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1642533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10341924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000527152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039043857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20563453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1937524863","doi":"10.1029/2012jg002092","title":"Sobol' sensitivity analysis of the Holocene Peat Model: What drives carbon accumulation in peatlands?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Peat; Holocene; Environmental science; Sobol sequence; Carbon fibers; Carbon cycle; Soil science; Physical geography; Geology; Sensitivity (control systems); Ecology; Ecosystem; Computer science; Geography; Engineering; Oceanography; Biology","score_opus":0.05541984620722263,"score_gpt":0.3503543911204677,"score_spread":0.29493454491324506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1937524863","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837445,0.00014822072,0.012030888,0.0002610779,0.000021442558,0.00003514459,0.00048139252,0.000103671104,0.003173599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99792296,0.000042392465,0.0015342747,0.00003809939,0.0000032979237,0.000023122666,0.00014150079,0.000022294184,0.00027211496],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999731,0.00014882242,0.000013998417,0.00003424378,0.000028190232,0.000043786145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979225,0.0016867955,0.00010248387,0.0001016557,0.00012675287,0.000059952214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001401601,0.0006000992,0.00054183,0.0006036861,0.0003863931,0.0006230904,0.00047372963,0.00071464176,0.0010878122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004546304,0.00025587098,0.000996142,0.00032501973,0.00034125356,0.0005374915,0.0006708775,0.00081198744,0.00006693899],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000091651666,0.000036800804,0.0071922103,0.000028223903,0.000109673965,0.00009209361,0.0000337481,0.98808634,0.0017350046,0.0010371866,0.00018621118,0.0013708939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013641505,0.000035457826,0.0023826403,0.0000049053483,0.000027457963,0.000014211894,0.00002869658,0.9952592,0.0012901818,0.0007618928,0.00017002219,0.000011703726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018057462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007850182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018057462,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00067893195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044510828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.035904706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1940949493","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002731","title":"A study of the composition, characteristics, and origin of modern driftwood on the western coast of Nunavik (Quebec, Canada)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre de Géomatique du Québec; Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université de Rennes 1","keywords":"Bay; Thuja; Deciduous; Geography; Arctic; Alder; Taiga; Ecology; Archaeology; Forestry; Biology","score_opus":0.07308716016884391,"score_gpt":0.2876630799368427,"score_spread":0.21457591976799878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1940949493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99688417,0.00033066975,0.000079202575,0.000031479707,0.000004200037,0.00002146629,0.0012616086,0.0000039289057,0.0013832842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960614,0.00031195336,0.00031353263,0.000032779706,0.0000021991718,0.000014621511,0.0011774546,0.000004363743,0.00208158],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980587,0.000013633745,0.000009858312,0.000050374743,0.00004560372,0.00007456018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944705,0.000028773857,0.000076464756,0.000014603188,0.0003250888,0.000107915606],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025663915,0.00035849542,0.00020807187,0.0018391729,0.0026824267,0.00086327054,0.0005935766,0.0001890156,0.0016615774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036703996,0.00017809682,0.00020427734,0.002564642,0.00059073576,0.00021403322,0.00041493727,0.00024017777,0.00024821828],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006277537,0.000022247961,0.9839188,0.000044284992,0.00003162869,0.00030772024,0.0024692249,0.00010761218,0.0029826353,0.00006624302,0.00046973533,0.009517105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000015234955,0.000011406609,0.9965912,0.00001838257,0.000006174613,0.00004796654,0.0021381848,0.00010948866,0.000116688105,0.000005481339,0.000949733,0.000003736466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98648703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99597293,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013512969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009777918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0059562447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07094407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1943367877","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002885","title":"Study type and plant litter identity modulating the response of litter decomposition to warming, elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, and elevated O<sub>3</sub>: A meta‐analysis","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Litter; Ecosystem; Decomposition; Plant litter; Chemistry; Carbon dioxide; Carbon cycle; Ecology; Animal science; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Biology","score_opus":0.09821917098218938,"score_gpt":0.3536387617105487,"score_spread":0.2554195907283593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1943367877","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6063205,0.36917937,0.016382638,0.0010794217,0.0012556094,0.00057872076,0.0035694593,0.00038356715,0.0012506252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9797988,0.014463799,0.0033866554,0.00043687763,0.00013709022,0.00034332115,0.00072070997,0.00008362195,0.00062919856],"study_design_codex":"meta_analysis","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","domain_scores_codex":[0.99188024,0.004807141,0.00086611346,0.00166453,0.000461328,0.00032063472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9874835,0.009136483,0.0013613586,0.0010232643,0.0005470452,0.0004483803],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.011245887,0.0030283574,0.0064819804,0.0020705233,0.00072515535,0.0025226297,0.0019563977,0.0022681227,0.0033106538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010968445,0.0012781426,0.025423799,0.002571547,0.0007429304,0.00096344674,0.0014142718,0.0014094643,0.00030626205],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":"meta_analysis","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0077312915,0.00010708345,0.07099558,0.010611641,0.8989924,0.00025495372,0.00010096735,0.0012313387,0.0043778634,0.00011928127,0.0004349094,0.0050426777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005255304,0.0007681567,0.059363905,0.00059624977,0.934775,0.00010625277,0.000115010305,0.0015422734,0.0009828777,0.0002203846,0.00097079104,0.00003362305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0055130473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006232827,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011245887,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00068036205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010407522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.059474647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1943674249","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002997","title":"Effect of spatial sampling from European flux towers for estimating carbon and water fluxes with artificial neural networks","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; University of British Columbia","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Biological and Environmental Research; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Virginia; Natural Resources Canada; Université Laval; Microsoft Research; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Artificial neural network; Sampling (signal processing); Flux (metallurgy); Carbon flux; Environmental science; Statistics; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Geology; Chemistry; Ecology; Telecommunications; Biology","score_opus":0.030588190631149745,"score_gpt":0.2970925458960155,"score_spread":0.26650435526486577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1943674249","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854301,0.00017600929,0.013586547,0.00003781076,0.000022616543,0.000012268289,0.00016459245,0.00011736167,0.0004526295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99475056,0.00003716458,0.004843144,0.000009589764,0.000005116511,0.000010868865,0.0002466778,0.00000576666,0.00009106049],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897206,0.0005718078,0.00009985927,0.00018714688,0.0001182273,0.000050811308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99242604,0.0055456026,0.00049115083,0.00059815904,0.0008437985,0.00009526842],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024864445,0.00058721856,0.00038745656,0.000528629,0.00026531273,0.00042077329,0.0004252961,0.0006067473,0.00028788752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0070758723,0.00024664027,0.00042305942,0.0006543682,0.00027152404,0.00047874538,0.00039347034,0.00027187375,0.00007391691],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010183033,0.00030811172,0.13062048,0.00011020617,0.00029742162,0.00021544792,0.000082023485,0.78323376,0.0086954115,0.00017517629,0.00035391713,0.074889705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000031678697,0.00014687348,0.06016461,0.00002251379,0.00006501901,0.000059917173,0.000047042988,0.9310224,0.008093796,0.00011309612,0.00021252675,0.000020505475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009733337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009243125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009733337,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000343644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002319355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01935339},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1947446973","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003127","title":"Arctic Freshwater Synthesis: Introduction","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact; University of Victoria; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Polarforskningssekretariatet; International Arctic Science Committee; University of Victoria","keywords":"Arctic; The arctic; Environmental science; Arctic ecology; Geography; Environmental resource management; Physical geography; Oceanography; Climatology; Geology","score_opus":0.0519907741019469,"score_gpt":0.2973241928525819,"score_spread":0.24533341875063497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1947446973","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0014420529,0.6846976,0.0038671615,0.038732536,0.05826554,0.0003562254,0.05712735,0.0004895374,0.15502204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.020161273,0.7978294,0.0086839,0.021360727,0.031336214,0.0012974343,0.045448236,0.0005311929,0.073351584],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855775,0.00041244138,0.00025195954,0.00021408811,0.00044657427,0.000117074786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996296,0.0012452897,0.00040091225,0.00019034607,0.0016757443,0.00019175482],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0034150146,0.0009929943,0.00090513384,0.010508921,0.0012590776,0.0040796683,0.00081747695,0.0010377395,0.0448014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0094442535,0.00039949192,0.0009276426,0.013038305,0.0007279551,0.0026033388,0.0026053987,0.0013976018,0.010235372],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058455902,0.000012188863,0.0005296669,0.010372531,0.00004651501,0.00006850011,0.0003004881,0.0007209686,0.00020413722,0.034806583,0.80218524,0.15069479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002088717,0.000006211298,0.0008439289,0.003550313,0.000008516753,0.000017121296,0.00007679338,0.000015347607,0.000041047537,0.001728958,0.9937046,0.0000051574366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036434166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.033880398,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0448014,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0057025296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009303339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14987558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1949175914","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20045","title":"Simulation of six years of carbon fluxes for a sedge‐dominated oligotrophic minerogenic peatland in Northern Sweden using the McGill Wetland Model (MWM)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vetenskapsrådet; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","keywords":"Ombrotrophic; Peat; Eddy covariance; Environmental science; Wetland; Hydrology (agriculture); Biogeochemistry; Bog; Boreal; Biogeochemical cycle; Carbon cycle; Primary production; Physical geography; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geology; Oceanography; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.04740646138064465,"score_gpt":0.3271157181553403,"score_spread":0.27970925677469566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1949175914","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99833125,0.000022722017,0.00046576155,0.000053124062,0.000009149583,0.00001504632,0.00038150564,0.000052264397,0.00066918787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985933,0.0000145024405,0.0007323589,0.000015043165,0.0000024423393,0.000021462529,0.00037131683,0.0000092458085,0.00024030739],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998739,0.000042834006,0.000008599452,0.000021894419,0.000015016288,0.00003772557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993338,0.0003548941,0.000060668335,0.000041970943,0.00009195763,0.000116736584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006235597,0.0008453071,0.0005384178,0.00042860498,0.00077279145,0.0006692184,0.0009837778,0.001591516,0.0015111781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010495206,0.0004657904,0.0010786072,0.00039635066,0.0006242082,0.00040256657,0.0005090417,0.0010133804,0.00014933206],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023731467,0.00016633267,0.014999529,0.000019550382,0.000058790276,0.00021865727,0.0000424066,0.98166156,0.0011869633,0.00018071674,0.00026510443,0.0009631284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000877366,0.00010478148,0.007719054,0.000005462242,0.000025902531,0.000013204862,0.000053748176,0.99122095,0.00054819766,0.000083947976,0.0001216833,0.000015392488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10971856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06515654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10971856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015399188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091772084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21815985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1957106341","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20077","title":"Differentiating the degradation dynamics of algal and terrestrial carbon within complex natural dissolved organic carbon in temperate lakes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Nutrient; Environmental chemistry; Terrestrial ecosystem; Algae; Heterotroph; Terrestrial plant; Carbon cycle; Ecology; Environmental science; Chemistry; Biology; Ecosystem; Bacteria","score_opus":0.02754354519120113,"score_gpt":0.26273573944581013,"score_spread":0.235192194254609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1957106341","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997583,0.000052439733,0.00008161679,0.0000033395831,2.603872e-7,0.0000013700736,0.00003351115,0.0000025898535,0.00006659812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99956256,0.00006173685,0.00021641425,0.000004371733,6.597983e-7,0.0000045257907,0.00007081107,0.0000034223895,0.000075471944],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999223,0.000012903889,0.0000075106377,0.000028257135,0.000011139527,0.000017967563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998272,0.00004501522,0.00006311906,0.000011810421,0.00001859249,0.000034213357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022968053,0.00028153302,0.00019688762,0.00029897317,0.00021112328,0.0004956302,0.00017451504,0.00032356757,0.00021125759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034612752,0.0002592633,0.00017193232,0.00023155259,0.0003885201,0.00039085696,0.00032243744,0.00014319745,0.000052635154],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008281544,0.000068484514,0.24634628,0.0001294561,0.00009343421,0.00019286637,0.0005104676,0.007294496,0.7408341,0.00016870865,0.00004038271,0.0034931218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020867868,0.00037315645,0.9246028,0.00000781779,0.000059268317,0.000087098844,0.0003176893,0.01939436,0.05463756,0.00012618816,0.000349266,0.00002389829],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005033405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059080073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005033405,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005378708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021283276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010008216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1960171269","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002980","title":"Seasonal controls of canopy chlorophyll content on forest carbon uptake: Implications for GPP modeling","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Michigan University","keywords":"Leaf area index; Canopy; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Deciduous; Eddy covariance; Growing season; Photosynthetically active radiation; Carbon cycle; Photosynthetic capacity; Ecosystem; Primary production; Photosynthesis; Botany; Ecology; Biology; Physics","score_opus":0.11684075269778399,"score_gpt":0.3340152600082064,"score_spread":0.21717450731042243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1960171269","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9785059,0.0002391807,0.01626881,0.0005277721,0.000014976863,0.00003095191,0.0007234696,0.0003266112,0.0033623069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997472,0.000054742755,0.0020194808,0.000023084065,0.0000035065461,0.000013081013,0.00012460598,0.000036175472,0.0002533419],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998512,0.00004860984,0.000010574928,0.000040911655,0.000026222542,0.000022360045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993024,0.00046556417,0.000063701256,0.00004597283,0.00008398436,0.00003839698],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008874713,0.00032336434,0.0003186144,0.00021238091,0.00037758896,0.00081183,0.000644612,0.00047049872,0.0007711275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027701526,0.00025843282,0.00032894567,0.00041528573,0.00036179143,0.0006548077,0.00026978584,0.00038495648,0.0001085289],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009892351,0.0000477552,0.083666265,0.00004171746,0.00006870947,0.00006367102,0.00007888126,0.8997535,0.004840656,0.0011013233,0.00060355477,0.0096349595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009091095,0.000008725087,0.023394683,0.0000042446186,0.000009018945,0.0000073540878,0.000017229819,0.9756128,0.00040006253,0.00036189548,0.00016847288,0.0000063551893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.27132195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17783965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27132195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0027395815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013640703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53948534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978801788","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002509","title":"Modeling forest dynamics along climate gradients in Bolivia","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Evergreen; Deciduous; Evapotranspiration; Leaf area index; Vegetation (pathology); Precipitation; Atmospheric sciences; Forest dynamics; Climate change; Primary production; Climatology; Biomass (ecology); Ecosystem; Ecology; Geography; Meteorology; Biology","score_opus":0.02177851922691286,"score_gpt":0.28972507072563874,"score_spread":0.26794655149872587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978801788","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99753916,0.000086582346,0.00066762016,0.00003663094,0.000003040035,0.00001194968,0.0005130671,0.000045818073,0.0010960535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988985,0.000045064386,0.00049918983,0.000007406645,0.0000010744028,0.000011450803,0.00034517265,0.000005011797,0.0001870514],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992216,0.00002014737,0.0000043691916,0.00002166942,0.0000063623097,0.000025258129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999866,0.000050187977,0.00002650821,0.00001580663,0.000024739682,0.000016722379],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002921503,0.0002574253,0.000246304,0.0004604402,0.0002788967,0.000663097,0.00057199673,0.0002695863,0.00062624994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004747332,0.0002126121,0.00042746268,0.00058958796,0.00024394889,0.00026969996,0.0003659511,0.0002421234,0.000070627546],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008367599,0.000035160083,0.07192575,0.0000295033,0.00009608186,0.00008863116,0.000065382934,0.9212441,0.0013330757,0.00046485005,0.00020669203,0.0044271355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006265688,0.00006365579,0.11974029,0.00002548482,0.000057419868,0.000032800643,0.00015432513,0.87699765,0.00068116706,0.0006484217,0.001517244,0.000018873152],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13220671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.081788845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13220671,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023184877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000750186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26287436},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007396612","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002719","title":"Hourly, daily, and seasonal variability in the absorption spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in a eutrophic, humic lake","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; European Commission; National Science Foundation; Vetenskapsrådet; NordForsk; Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network","keywords":"Colored dissolved organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Spectral slope; Environmental science; Eutrophication; Seasonality; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Spectral line; Ecology; Phytoplankton; Geology; Nutrient; Biology; Physics","score_opus":0.01778709074468051,"score_gpt":0.2596144746770879,"score_spread":0.2418273839324074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007396612","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99982965,0.000011623099,0.000051606392,0.000002234514,3.7331225e-7,6.967969e-7,0.000042613032,0.0000036802421,0.000057507437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99967587,0.0000114496315,0.00012591682,0.0000028397587,0.0000011491139,0.0000023614293,0.00009566001,0.0000017789373,0.000082895625],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99997175,0.0000043530667,0.0000019170043,0.000007008593,0.000009300776,0.0000057228985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99992,0.00001955366,0.000021643556,0.000005082386,0.000017690261,0.000016035361],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010499306,0.00011791605,0.00014964878,0.00038663094,0.00021234588,0.00020251467,0.00008762583,0.00015233066,0.00027197303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016414537,0.000084850195,0.0000917492,0.00029810707,0.00015389148,0.00013028501,0.00018225604,0.000087654334,0.00005679141],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00085451495,0.00011957834,0.657517,0.00006771619,0.000093465,0.0002282679,0.0007341685,0.0012900723,0.32921582,0.000041512474,0.00013430137,0.009703491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000032517123,0.00005548078,0.9948842,0.0000010170025,0.00000962948,0.000041255615,0.000073508985,0.0009890061,0.0038458793,0.000010205668,0.00008394646,0.000002522842],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005130622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005948173,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005130622,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018482562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010535038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010201514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047514951","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002585","title":"Sensitivity of stoichiometric ratios in the Mississippi River to hydrologic variability","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Nutrient; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Particulates; Phosphorus; Nutrient cycle; Ecosystem; Nitrogen; Drainage basin; Cycling; Flux (metallurgy); Aquatic ecosystem; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Geology; Chemistry; Biology","score_opus":0.030570171832789164,"score_gpt":0.3108344289927058,"score_spread":0.28026425715991665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047514951","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990287,0.000033449254,0.00016010292,0.000030671115,7.718914e-7,0.0000035985554,0.0002548786,0.0000148899035,0.00047288075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995968,0.000014372634,0.0000682262,0.000007466707,6.77331e-7,0.0000033825881,0.00020949557,0.0000018330683,0.000097693555],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99977773,0.000052404757,0.0000141336595,0.00008259338,0.000045273628,0.00002781585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992545,0.0002660501,0.00020620906,0.000065549575,0.000158369,0.00004934022],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040536988,0.00012911468,0.00016123049,0.0005478875,0.00028854536,0.0005823902,0.00016705928,0.00022582013,0.00060632185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001669626,0.00016950819,0.00016209201,0.00045988266,0.00019998792,0.00017356018,0.00029672417,0.00017337545,0.000065246815],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022476404,0.000050112856,0.9194131,0.0000339995,0.00028552834,0.00018504266,0.00033841698,0.022238418,0.046925724,0.0004178185,0.00037255103,0.009514585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004232996,0.000025030082,0.98470694,0.0000019759063,0.000012576353,0.00005309942,0.00014031025,0.012964,0.0015161539,0.00014963251,0.00041892263,0.0000071794225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06787641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04168111,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06787641,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00108605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033282788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13496262},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053844156","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002345","title":"Linking organic carbon sedimentation, burial efficiency, and long‐term accumulation in boreal lakes","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Sink (geography); Sediment; Sedimentation; Total organic carbon; Environmental science; Flux (metallurgy); Carbon sink; Organic matter; Carbon cycle; Boreal; Hydrology (agriculture); Oceanography; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Ecology; Ecosystem; Climate change; Chemistry; Paleontology; Geography","score_opus":0.03321299790909497,"score_gpt":0.30934353878057075,"score_spread":0.27613054087147576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053844156","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996214,0.00009899332,0.0001168241,0.000007342117,0.0000010099536,0.00000140621,0.000057624566,0.0000042564297,0.0000912023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997867,0.000021915046,0.00008706631,0.000004414358,0.0000014201255,0.0000015903846,0.000060783008,0.0000010232566,0.000035001245],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988234,0.000018270017,0.000018760731,0.0000354309,0.000020312636,0.000025016729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907696,0.00016186641,0.00044776796,0.000042501557,0.00016962727,0.00010118141],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006723836,0.0002620866,0.00015854232,0.000639469,0.00054902426,0.0007239094,0.00020650595,0.00029731204,0.00037841345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00097500853,0.00021241978,0.00023888878,0.00044386217,0.00035843803,0.00067495555,0.00040355884,0.00018876704,0.000058954953],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015363627,0.00004041884,0.9730409,0.000027855545,0.00010381065,0.000071785165,0.00024676564,0.00086578866,0.022161523,0.00005131228,0.000035528374,0.0032008183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001344569,0.000028422983,0.9987332,0.0000013852857,0.0000090883605,0.00002807152,0.00005134442,0.00057527184,0.00050718826,0.000015966945,0.000045772576,0.000002947347],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019242734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027659407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019242734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006915277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026867414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.038261473},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055931946","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002576","title":"Evidence for a nonmonotonic relationship between ecosystem‐scale peatland methane emissions and water table depth","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University; McGill University; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Eddy covariance; Water table; Bog; Methane; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Table (database); Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental chemistry; Soil science; Chemistry; Groundwater; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.10486161778560794,"score_gpt":0.3687023369144364,"score_spread":0.26384071912882845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055931946","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997413,0.00027286075,0.001004809,0.000085955864,0.000011721216,0.000004406196,0.00038100278,0.000040107414,0.00078620174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992913,0.000036538935,0.00023071791,0.000030110334,0.000004319546,0.000003078588,0.0001293571,0.000009935643,0.0002645991],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997112,0.00008591771,0.000023954013,0.00010959633,0.00003815463,0.000031140367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99482924,0.0029620724,0.0011077031,0.0004262332,0.00039621524,0.000278543],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00072628085,0.00015451359,0.0002431014,0.00040066094,0.00011756969,0.00039793324,0.00026452116,0.0003019972,0.0024615454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0043819705,0.00032413163,0.00019473794,0.00032844802,0.0002693882,0.0003033749,0.00027343814,0.00030109967,0.00030415246],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027870014,0.000057800877,0.9615955,0.00004163035,0.00015452776,0.000105240986,0.00012731295,0.00041081096,0.032687187,0.00007123454,0.00019864347,0.0042713955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000024210185,0.000037082584,0.99828964,0.0000026730822,0.000012503235,0.000068195826,0.00004486899,0.0006930223,0.0007081211,0.00004130412,0.00009653273,0.0000036006086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003428965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0053738146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003428965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012476086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001637402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008234739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061823849","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002410","title":"Spatial and temporal variations of methane flux measured by autochambers in a temperate ombrotrophic peatland","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Ombrotrophic; Peat; Flux (metallurgy); Environmental science; Temperate climate; Bog; Atmospheric sciences; Water table; Carbon flux; Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Ecology; Geology; Ecosystem; Biology; Groundwater","score_opus":0.024364639443648663,"score_gpt":0.2969089152159814,"score_spread":0.27254427577233276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061823849","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99974495,0.000021476566,0.000058922986,0.000001600778,3.60653e-7,0.000002099947,0.00006230931,0.0000033287438,0.00010497788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99941456,0.000023494953,0.0002861073,0.000004256279,9.59295e-7,0.0000064250867,0.00015359078,0.0000017631754,0.00010878139],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987304,0.000013066463,0.0000058361315,0.000041126885,0.000028692168,0.00003813254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997681,0.00003459702,0.00004619792,0.000011941755,0.00007963201,0.000059534785],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002205725,0.00026842346,0.00025560963,0.0007641162,0.00056160934,0.00036101483,0.000217921,0.0002076717,0.0002786004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023118351,0.00016644587,0.00014792067,0.00044730137,0.0002832626,0.0001736769,0.0002714728,0.0001242276,0.00007263977],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027538766,0.00005454426,0.8044348,0.000033328342,0.00004815837,0.00014685927,0.00095433503,0.0003183798,0.18840116,0.000020483143,0.000045799472,0.005266729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012692694,0.000014973024,0.9981205,0.0000013929447,0.0000048595225,0.000022287053,0.00016185293,0.00029384237,0.0013103144,0.0000026311188,0.000063776395,0.000002323846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18328573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.34517112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18328573,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009696018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048405715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36443776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099149608","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002993","title":"The effects of hydrologic fluctuation and sulfate regeneration on mercury cycling in an experimental peatland","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Northern Research Station; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Peat; Sulfate; Environmental chemistry; Methylmercury; Deposition (geology); Cycling; Environmental science; Chemistry; Mercury (programming language); Dissolved organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Geology; Sediment","score_opus":0.06328816842376762,"score_gpt":0.3710894351457917,"score_spread":0.30780126672202407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2099149608","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997578,0.000010292563,0.00008722336,0.0000054670068,0.0000046924843,0.000017163818,0.000055323282,0.0000046957252,0.000057371675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978484,0.000043814238,0.0008834768,0.00004215942,0.0000070556853,0.00013581829,0.0002444585,0.000011937264,0.000782912],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998472,0.000023585802,0.000016395814,0.000051006056,0.000021619124,0.00004017218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994605,0.00008284126,0.00008534557,0.000061686405,0.00007724836,0.00023240187],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031989362,0.00040782205,0.00043589974,0.00027100058,0.00056097994,0.00038818282,0.00042962973,0.00036095254,0.00049531966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022847901,0.00025825104,0.0003817198,0.0001658138,0.00053154636,0.00033048872,0.00037427273,0.0007169788,0.00007666465],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0064939666,0.0030147033,0.013834513,0.000043899305,0.000061573446,0.0001643751,0.00030408584,0.0005337523,0.973583,0.000059776998,0.000048381844,0.0018580294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066691154,0.038737554,0.3396406,0.000019580722,0.00028583442,0.0002046318,0.0010908619,0.012537359,0.60415757,0.0002754565,0.00229339,0.000090348425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017933756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024298362,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017933756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009637217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007154666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.035658717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099562112","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002798","title":"Impacts of inadequate historical disturbance data in the early twentieth century on modeling recent carbon dynamics (1951–2010) in conterminous U.S. forests","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Disturbance (geology); Disequilibrium; Forest dynamics; Biome; Environmental science; Biomass (ecology); Forest inventory; Carbon cycle; Forest ecology; Estimation; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Ecology; Forest management; Agroforestry; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.08548894321654121,"score_gpt":0.3205107457686116,"score_spread":0.2350218025520704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2099562112","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975568,0.00011651502,0.0014438927,0.000092922215,0.000010868304,0.0000120086925,0.00023723904,0.000021317821,0.00050848344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99899596,0.000056973957,0.00068594265,0.000019744391,0.0000045301927,0.0000121257135,0.00014271261,0.000005880838,0.00007623231],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994041,0.0002648504,0.000050452945,0.00013629912,0.000053209915,0.00009107646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99720275,0.0019081396,0.0003982379,0.0001716281,0.00018110865,0.00013811738],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030269872,0.0005032835,0.0004555575,0.00054353155,0.00065650797,0.0012422097,0.0008660305,0.0008970607,0.0008235011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050315093,0.0005268109,0.0009841111,0.00059033977,0.0007923733,0.0008871653,0.0006208689,0.00074885035,0.000064604894],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019422802,0.00007090957,0.11743714,0.000026031077,0.00016305412,0.00008880441,0.000060646038,0.87832206,0.00049229944,0.0006509132,0.00013454565,0.0023593453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000055757257,0.00012649783,0.051099945,0.000027948146,0.00010020287,0.000027481416,0.000100074525,0.9465673,0.0009297805,0.00043637783,0.000502365,0.00002626392],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.100040235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06006976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.100040235,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028897212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013864957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19891584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2101726866","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002909","title":"Particulate nitrogen exports in stream runoff exceed dissolved nitrogen forms during large tropical storms in a temperate, headwater, forested watershed","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Watershed; Temperate climate; Storm; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Surface runoff; Precipitation; Nitrate; Sediment; Ecology; Oceanography; Geography; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.03297341361697622,"score_gpt":0.3001814539263591,"score_spread":0.2672080403093829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2101726866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999851,0.000004425429,0.000012619756,0.00000317324,1.8041503e-7,9.410616e-7,0.00004576681,8.4631154e-7,0.0000809084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996094,0.000018996448,0.00007644021,0.0000065365034,0.000002395332,0.0000029905068,0.00017666013,0.0000011614883,0.000105451276],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993265,0.0000054069287,0.000005835456,0.000026883214,0.000013382099,0.000015874337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998287,0.000024416384,0.00007513464,0.0000062487075,0.000024747867,0.00004068538],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015170488,0.00015791527,0.00017900168,0.00028396022,0.00043549584,0.00045855387,0.00016639238,0.00017394689,0.0005858729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002508235,0.00014637237,0.00012744234,0.00036186213,0.00028272596,0.00030695484,0.00028396837,0.00015605317,0.00005780828],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013334489,0.0000757774,0.9744806,0.000014091086,0.000027437167,0.00023550367,0.0003811743,0.0003384862,0.02233469,0.000022496479,0.000055708162,0.0019007291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000238672,0.000022796245,0.9991541,9.014378e-7,0.0000037596249,0.00002401267,0.00012770771,0.00028624994,0.000333336,0.000006831188,0.000036772104,0.0000011321669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02208179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.052129626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02208179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00057060603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032991203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04390651},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106595207","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002999","title":"Comparing carbon storage of Siberian tundra and taiga permafrost ecosystems at very high spatial resolution","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"FP7 Environment; European Commission","keywords":"Permafrost; Tundra; Taiga; Thermokarst; Environmental science; Soil carbon; Ecosystem; Physical geography; Carbon cycle; Terrestrial ecosystem; Remote sensing; Ecology; Soil science; Geology; Geography; Forestry; Soil water; Oceanography","score_opus":0.10670181610130236,"score_gpt":0.3061203419370481,"score_spread":0.19941852583574576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106595207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999634,0.000036566777,0.00004235728,0.000003112729,4.826989e-7,6.5244166e-7,0.0001417818,0.0000041017593,0.00013697897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99953246,0.000019460485,0.000070675494,0.0000026257928,7.6861494e-7,0.0000020517305,0.00032965493,0.0000010677545,0.000041222018],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999329,0.000012161719,0.000006235042,0.000020826448,0.000010394458,0.000017506029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984765,0.000028337006,0.000039011124,0.000025088108,0.000032470445,0.000027466112],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019554376,0.00020340622,0.00021773533,0.0010133963,0.00030501114,0.0005257547,0.00019184171,0.00015555104,0.0006643596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024350596,0.00012160808,0.00023595981,0.0009781362,0.00020203905,0.00025283557,0.00032040058,0.000084023915,0.00008862576],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028521998,0.000036429763,0.9629551,0.00003632925,0.00021980122,0.00020079908,0.00034061098,0.0023070597,0.02280763,0.00007954776,0.00012325885,0.010608209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018973321,0.0000072208027,0.9986053,0.0000021184728,0.0000105203835,0.000020797805,0.00008612406,0.0009990948,0.00020442794,0.00000966711,0.000051520146,0.0000013403104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026406236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.038440373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026406236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000406439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022014997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.052505076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114143259","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20092","title":"Integrating carbon emissions from lakes and streams in a subarctic catchment","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vetenskapsrådet; Naturvårdsverket; Lunds Universitet","keywords":"STREAMS; Subarctic climate; Environmental science; Drainage basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Aquatic ecosystem; Atmosphere (unit); Ecology; Geography; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.02544114222433148,"score_gpt":0.28021719395630873,"score_spread":0.25477605173197726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2114143259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996082,0.000039487277,0.0000907368,0.0000038009414,3.4284372e-7,0.0000027253961,0.00009599743,0.000004633408,0.00015402897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99913824,0.00008690097,0.00034717828,0.0000048065126,0.0000015364792,0.0000061867286,0.00027292952,0.000002479592,0.00013971418],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987984,0.00003006799,0.000008594461,0.000032261414,0.000025154608,0.000024138084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982554,0.000051487656,0.00004602959,0.000007746736,0.00004316873,0.000026088444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027855393,0.000280528,0.0002469942,0.0007851315,0.0003439788,0.0007643408,0.00014815925,0.00015382397,0.00039919713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002810492,0.00016582613,0.00029649088,0.0014343426,0.00026038795,0.00024488824,0.0003999578,0.00011118296,0.000060084996],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016902214,0.000039017646,0.9786928,0.000045641398,0.00014203397,0.0002785054,0.0005224599,0.00570954,0.006895183,0.000059245616,0.000071495415,0.0073750927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006021395,0.000019703462,0.993046,0.000007935101,0.00007028243,0.000048293172,0.0003982299,0.0050664004,0.0009967722,0.000052868727,0.000281886,0.0000056572194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.042021252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.070337966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042021252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010056932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055244943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.083553314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117723825","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002744","title":"Changes in lake area in response to thermokarst processes and climate in Old Crow Flats, Yukon","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermokarst; Permafrost; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Physical geography; Precipitation; Ecosystem; Climate change; Drainage basin; Geology; Geography; Ecology; Oceanography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.12165921129930392,"score_gpt":0.34692998835970196,"score_spread":0.22527077706039805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117723825","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99976915,0.000017507118,0.00001665403,0.0000072292455,5.0191966e-7,9.430868e-7,0.00010982523,0.0000014994131,0.00007676512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99976104,0.000012418592,0.000023128856,0.000003925152,3.5913897e-7,0.0000013317798,0.0001385507,4.859846e-7,0.00005877358],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999145,0.000010185061,0.0000075586654,0.000022267697,0.00001332694,0.00003218681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997335,0.000025747462,0.000084366664,0.000017699802,0.00007268423,0.00006601559],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011595836,0.00011674989,0.00015447837,0.0007633352,0.0003633541,0.0005504767,0.00024123395,0.00018125366,0.00064140325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030237203,0.00011283729,0.00017136407,0.000878609,0.00036341872,0.0002174457,0.00034079255,0.00011160901,0.00006325966],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029351177,0.000009235607,0.9961331,0.0000088101315,0.000029028846,0.000087776556,0.000241289,0.0001900157,0.0012574701,0.000021610664,0.00007430519,0.0019179679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.3295445e-7,0.0000037014142,0.9995484,9.015046e-7,0.000002633559,0.000012373433,0.00019989087,0.00014450475,0.000026961909,0.000004793792,0.000054143256,9.16131e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21787284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.43332058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78212714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012970411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00049151754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43320942},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119699915","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002623","title":"Characterizing the diurnal patterns of errors in the prediction of evapotranspiration by several land‐surface models: An NACP analysis","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Division of Emerging Frontiers; U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Transpiration; Evapotranspiration; Vapour Pressure Deficit; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Latent heat; Flux (metallurgy); Limiting; Stomatal conductance; Climatology; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.0348497381287353,"score_gpt":0.2860346295679695,"score_spread":0.25118489143923417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119699915","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983454,0.000026473655,0.0010094931,0.000033245607,0.000004475787,0.000005471406,0.00016775659,0.000089424364,0.00031826412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990375,0.000008428167,0.00062545086,0.0000045364595,0.0000012501025,0.000005402207,0.0002455044,0.000013466658,0.000058559177],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996196,0.000112092224,0.00003753413,0.00008690793,0.00011087415,0.000033058837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99702567,0.0016486046,0.0002694753,0.0003795919,0.00057775184,0.000098903074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016981992,0.00031854725,0.00029006624,0.00049021025,0.00025679162,0.000474096,0.00045693922,0.00036502758,0.00029170414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004274483,0.00026452317,0.00036494737,0.00043263624,0.00032701204,0.00041141387,0.00029719473,0.00032265423,0.000065815984],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004198015,0.0002896325,0.46159163,0.0000892133,0.00035808625,0.0002199482,0.0003021496,0.49176222,0.014749721,0.0008897349,0.0011457908,0.028182045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015974581,0.0000712452,0.2037561,0.0000060774396,0.00002978943,0.000036532758,0.00007426955,0.7921169,0.0033599962,0.00020557959,0.00030702938,0.000020509697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018763293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014304904,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018763293,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061917206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004059875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.037308156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123581983","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002587","title":"Marine CDOM accumulation during a coastal Arctic mesocosm experiment: No response to elevated pCO<sub>2</sub> levels","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norsk Polarinstitutt; Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Norges Forskningsråd; European Commission; Alberta Agricultural Research Institute","keywords":"Colored dissolved organic matter; Mesocosm; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Arctic; Spectral slope; Dissolved organic carbon; Phytoplankton; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Oceanography; Environmental chemistry; Photosynthetically active radiation; Zooplankton; Ecosystem; Chemistry; Photosynthesis; Ecology; Biology; Nutrient; Botany; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.043749858593398014,"score_gpt":0.30895655254712945,"score_spread":0.2652066939537314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123581983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99890494,0.00008064982,0.00029660852,0.000019080473,0.000016718705,0.000040116076,0.0003525212,0.000012643467,0.0002766882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99605477,0.00012720733,0.0021719243,0.00010390878,0.000019753023,0.0001590034,0.0006542329,0.000014821587,0.00069447537],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999706,0.000020971864,0.00002006992,0.00015809748,0.000063514446,0.000031407737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996025,0.000053421954,0.00007014244,0.000054172997,0.00008862947,0.00013109573],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003160251,0.0005122623,0.000816029,0.0001378255,0.00070722104,0.00048133053,0.0002901791,0.0005341437,0.00043802388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021266397,0.00021189466,0.00046834996,0.00020686678,0.0003270354,0.00029330378,0.0005756533,0.00081131136,0.00011796688],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017370087,0.00019592188,0.015032959,0.000044119413,0.000039470317,0.00005795434,0.0000857528,0.00033914158,0.9812697,0.000014177977,0.000048618076,0.0011352593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002482862,0.0055323616,0.5225195,0.000015494745,0.000315791,0.00009219397,0.00038637538,0.008426609,0.4601541,0.00007277913,0.0021810743,0.000055547316],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017694445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027463552,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017694445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009150482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006443798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.035182893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125602417","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003140","title":"Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":487,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Norges Forskningsråd; Sight Research UK; Polarforskningssekretariatet; International Arctic Science Committee; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Thermohaline circulation; Oceanography; Arctic; Biogeochemical cycle; Sea ice; Carbon cycle; Deep ocean water; Freshwater inflow; Geology; Ecosystem; Salinity; Ecology","score_opus":0.023876765093038533,"score_gpt":0.27282605796216086,"score_spread":0.24894929286912232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2125602417","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883696,0.0039794343,0.000675636,0.00041079425,0.000022516839,0.0000038743046,0.0003600568,0.000013933956,0.0061642854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99807125,0.0012120189,0.00035884243,0.000027274506,0.000021408125,0.0000013866704,0.000056948913,0.0000028139902,0.00024808617],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999112,0.000028805262,0.000007655438,0.000015259731,0.000018349332,0.00001871315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977046,0.000036689667,0.00006253503,0.00001195703,0.000070610324,0.000047794518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041453933,0.00022642897,0.00023010268,0.00078096223,0.0007827724,0.0016387634,0.00014849444,0.00015789825,0.00048349198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004236452,0.00008173627,0.00018610063,0.0011286546,0.000979382,0.0005623871,0.00081569783,0.00014777773,0.00005202118],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00061643333,0.000100636935,0.81350595,0.00046298263,0.00037172847,0.00069155375,0.0019466245,0.024238734,0.04659351,0.027861638,0.0009949356,0.08261532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008842998,0.00017470348,0.9709603,0.00011939653,0.00012308631,0.00018485464,0.0019951593,0.0072810454,0.0027963812,0.008616442,0.007704744,0.00003502915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.047912937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06092327,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047912937,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014410733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011131342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09526807},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126400871","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003128","title":"Arctic Freshwater Synthesis: Summary of key emerging issues","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact; University of Victoria; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Environment Canada; Academy of Finland","keywords":"Arctic; The arctic; Climate change; Environmental resource management; Geography; Environmental science; Physical geography; Environmental planning; Oceanography; Geology","score_opus":0.1300896185190012,"score_gpt":0.3547156243386697,"score_spread":0.22462600581966852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126400871","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007034017,0.8490412,0.0029126147,0.05541105,0.048993926,0.00025896475,0.016804107,0.00028615157,0.025588453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.010651964,0.9150429,0.00921808,0.014415021,0.02055004,0.0008362816,0.018309975,0.00025829108,0.010717407],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954803,0.0013220501,0.001084836,0.00038319256,0.001463171,0.00026634175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98004204,0.0076621724,0.0020723983,0.0006838585,0.008475888,0.0010636392],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.017590236,0.0013673194,0.0017301736,0.019283615,0.0013667191,0.0065909615,0.0012980903,0.001811165,0.019857887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.032420814,0.0006558016,0.0017001373,0.022682842,0.000832405,0.004058181,0.0040265396,0.0022704948,0.0049948497],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016938805,0.000026655456,0.00080914015,0.036514096,0.00023384269,0.00012257324,0.00046272052,0.001296491,0.0004421055,0.019079944,0.59663314,0.34420997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006272998,0.000020825833,0.0011111342,0.014856091,0.000086794906,0.0000313687,0.00020955881,0.000057284393,0.000118525335,0.0022955195,0.98119295,0.000013598636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023754032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.030864822,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023754032,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0067391656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.021856481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.093027174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129243067","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002666","title":"Phenology and its role in carbon dioxide exchange processes in northern peatlands","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Lethbridge; Trent University; McGill University; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Academy of Finland; European Commission; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","keywords":"Phenology; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Peat; Ecosystem respiration; Primary production; Precipitation; Atmospheric sciences; Growing season; Carbon cycle; Climatology; Ecology; Geography; Meteorology; Biology","score_opus":0.02106412588301069,"score_gpt":0.2879597770446543,"score_spread":0.2668956511616436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129243067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99984455,0.00002750112,0.00004754601,0.0000020476984,3.3107577e-7,5.322153e-7,0.000020075553,9.615004e-7,0.000056488083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998072,0.000016852558,0.00006970671,0.0000013865028,7.6484787e-7,9.711065e-7,0.000037774247,7.330554e-7,0.000064751664],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991965,0.000024869745,0.000006482763,0.000017143548,0.000010220881,0.000021670441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946827,0.00017983615,0.00017671521,0.000022894976,0.0000660763,0.00008615994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042015847,0.00014104856,0.00013426169,0.0006931485,0.00019758947,0.00038214325,0.0000932685,0.00012504886,0.00044347733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008411779,0.00009549311,0.00008955107,0.00031432256,0.00020487695,0.00026036735,0.00025156979,0.00009123098,0.000052678042],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011791614,0.000024524734,0.98249036,0.000013688774,0.000026146308,0.0001223858,0.00043872412,0.00033017926,0.011806376,0.000037857353,0.000029770226,0.004562129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.0931427e-7,0.000011620219,0.999358,0.0000013473027,0.0000025422014,0.00002994116,0.00010384355,0.0002942878,0.00013905414,0.000016115318,0.000041294294,0.0000011964682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012020378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03202717,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012020378,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021363767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017706632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023900807},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130661340","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002889","title":"Ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> exchange in a mixed tundra and a fen within a hydrologically diverse Arctic landscape: 2. Modeled impacts of climate change","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta; Compute Canada","keywords":"Tundra; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Ecosystem respiration; Greenhouse gas; Atmospheric sciences; Primary production; Biogeochemical cycle; Productivity; Climate change; Evergreen; Arctic; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.09273312914103748,"score_gpt":0.3060257359262845,"score_spread":0.21329260678524703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2130661340","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.998609,0.000021629678,0.00020993162,0.000036225345,0.0000036117528,0.0000037254604,0.00030868105,0.000017002994,0.0007902898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992569,0.000017750497,0.0002297336,0.00000982491,0.0000018867548,0.0000073973847,0.00017831285,0.000004863585,0.00029340308],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993134,0.000016967462,0.000003097487,0.00001758347,0.0000062402073,0.00002485458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998759,0.000035279012,0.000019852698,0.0000076234687,0.000024067147,0.00003719702],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024896485,0.00044020746,0.00033938364,0.00030105,0.00051397755,0.00089068874,0.0006586971,0.00082524057,0.0015425575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002884136,0.0002777157,0.00081273477,0.0004446946,0.00040504886,0.00048177046,0.0002891683,0.00030104973,0.00012838922],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038128562,0.00014171255,0.09603008,0.00003787265,0.00021528795,0.00034809313,0.00006673993,0.8922686,0.007430438,0.0007846872,0.00039044645,0.0019047769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000946128,0.00012963288,0.063839644,0.000007866491,0.00007664726,0.00006446804,0.00017581196,0.9334126,0.0014288552,0.00033704747,0.00040781716,0.000025107174],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15207376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10993159,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15207376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022544886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000863835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30237716},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140041271","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002469","title":"Soil nitrogen dynamics within profiles of a managed moist temperate forest chronosequence consistent with long‐term harvesting‐induced losses","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University; St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Chronosequence; Environmental science; Temperate forest; Biogeochemical cycle; Temperate rainforest; Temperate climate; Old-growth forest; Soil horizon; Forest ecology; Biogeochemistry; Agronomy; Ecosystem; Soil water; Soil science; Ecology; Agroforestry; Biology","score_opus":0.04186218802282744,"score_gpt":0.2866107162965801,"score_spread":0.24474852827375265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2140041271","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99943596,0.0000391475,0.00007159647,0.0000025091304,9.065577e-7,0.0000039244446,0.00019772493,0.0000034904665,0.00024464107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99911565,0.00003536085,0.00015709017,0.00000793923,0.0000013485312,0.000007564448,0.00043353782,0.0000021130243,0.00023934504],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999331,0.0000052891805,0.000003949282,0.0000236362,0.000016971006,0.00001703743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997259,0.000018954179,0.00008692877,0.000018245866,0.00009501987,0.000055052784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021351204,0.0001286575,0.00013445936,0.00047835172,0.0003896215,0.00034015844,0.00023580441,0.00011854412,0.0003179665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022168002,0.00009564977,0.0001040237,0.0004436689,0.00024316329,0.00012421813,0.00019175922,0.000103330865,0.00007742447],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003284511,0.000051078867,0.92354745,0.000028252525,0.00006490318,0.00018773266,0.00042040457,0.00042302377,0.06947726,0.000035627556,0.00016138978,0.005274335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.625425e-7,0.00000929974,0.99960285,6.8872566e-7,0.0000022427594,0.000014369418,0.000036279594,0.00007709552,0.00017948802,0.0000014724642,0.00007470118,7.230397e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21114786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4893177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21114786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010751463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005884066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41983765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143660319","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002674","title":"Light attenuation characteristics of glacially‐fed lakes","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Secretário de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, Governo do Estado de Parana; Division of Graduate Education; Parks Canada; National Science Foundation; Franklin and Marshall College; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Attenuation; Turbidity; Glacial period; Environmental science; Glacier; Photosynthetically active radiation; Aquatic ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Absorption (acoustics); Attenuation coefficient; Physical geography; Oceanography; Geology; Geomorphology; Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Photosynthesis; Geography","score_opus":0.027424686588442763,"score_gpt":0.27957519964793726,"score_spread":0.2521505130594945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143660319","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99951386,0.000032595915,0.00006523813,0.0000039772444,4.0687425e-7,0.0000023701473,0.00012184531,0.0000044915255,0.00025527785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99934286,0.000027492802,0.00015360936,0.00000884816,0.0000011050253,0.00000614717,0.00024184061,0.000004508049,0.00021368772],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999187,0.000006813362,0.0000068639583,0.000021860178,0.000027351529,0.00001844924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999655,0.000048269434,0.0001311435,0.000011366654,0.00011283938,0.00004139929],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013430048,0.00019677202,0.00023437549,0.00069982785,0.0005793292,0.00058485416,0.00024973822,0.00017241744,0.000771742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038734722,0.00022937218,0.00016146633,0.0006602454,0.0003579388,0.0002895195,0.00039522914,0.00020870233,0.00009846941],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003943898,0.00004075419,0.8308569,0.00007494892,0.000074735646,0.00014115596,0.0009813127,0.00065686484,0.16207142,0.000088089015,0.00017401535,0.0044454536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000033491115,0.000029757617,0.9967123,0.0000026068162,0.000012046314,0.00003943244,0.00018206061,0.0004882104,0.0023690658,0.000015112778,0.00014112104,0.000004918614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04349126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.047085952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04349126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009407654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003135988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08647621},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143941656","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002553","title":"Comprehensive ecosystem model‐data synthesis using multiple data sets at two temperate forest free‐air CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment experiments: Model performance at ambient CO<sub>2</sub> concentration","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; UT-Battelle; Battelle; National Centre for Earth Observation; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Evergreen; Transpiration; Leaf area index; Temperate rainforest; Environmental science; Temperate forest; Canopy; Deciduous; Range (aeronautics); Temperate deciduous forest; Forest ecology; Primary production; Temperate climate; Basal area; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Ecology","score_opus":0.0769242972206749,"score_gpt":0.3234382322713698,"score_spread":0.2465139350506949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143941656","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99485,0.000051938707,0.0029287594,0.00006546279,0.0000072788616,0.00006917718,0.0013875314,0.0001594343,0.0004804576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926916,0.00002374579,0.0054537454,0.000028787124,0.000003645569,0.00012823222,0.001512398,0.000024403069,0.00013347961],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953175,0.00022619679,0.00005172827,0.00010333492,0.000048250367,0.000038766117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973248,0.0017415768,0.00013462926,0.00028093526,0.00044496244,0.00007307195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025830779,0.0010856977,0.0009869087,0.000454935,0.00063048943,0.0008220691,0.0008385609,0.0010251953,0.0009642738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036478997,0.00049189274,0.0013085789,0.00044257188,0.00036854096,0.0009064638,0.0005814925,0.0008594319,0.00012638669],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000782229,0.0004743337,0.038267244,0.000147785,0.0004332423,0.00012584405,0.000087006505,0.9464197,0.006347504,0.0004073624,0.00044473575,0.006063072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021075152,0.00041841497,0.02036584,0.000013327542,0.00015233707,0.000016656299,0.000103413666,0.968141,0.0097355535,0.0004025053,0.00038635696,0.00005383317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02444088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021537233,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02444088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001262565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00082441815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.048597217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144121839","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20051","title":"Characterization and intercomparison of global moderate resolution leaf area index (LAI) products: Analysis of climatologies and theoretical uncertainties","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":202,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","keywords":"Biome; Leaf area index; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Image resolution; Land cover; Climatology; Land use; Geography; Ecosystem; Agronomy; Ecology","score_opus":0.02521505412935617,"score_gpt":0.29546829398638036,"score_spread":0.2702532398570242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144121839","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97804785,0.00070582744,0.017645838,0.00015001286,0.000026650758,0.00005000221,0.0011778474,0.00021246512,0.0019833231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908212,0.00010571907,0.0075006923,0.000025316162,0.000013791357,0.00003247886,0.0013311951,0.000051517214,0.000117986965],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982912,0.0005714006,0.00013660578,0.00037153458,0.0005719872,0.000057255453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9913145,0.0048678024,0.0010484019,0.0008358892,0.0018520108,0.000081385886],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010146256,0.0004372325,0.00025748299,0.0019509428,0.00032067014,0.001391896,0.00058658223,0.000550248,0.00027709894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.016902747,0.00026243742,0.00052895286,0.0018389393,0.00032565184,0.0015130991,0.00057603605,0.00030411448,0.000083495324],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00066733494,0.000255846,0.56565255,0.00030953,0.0008699257,0.00040940844,0.00071301055,0.30143535,0.020690333,0.0053616785,0.002402737,0.10123233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007042887,0.00018051313,0.48658857,0.000090664755,0.0001644629,0.00014627658,0.00031406689,0.49101216,0.014734824,0.0025180944,0.0040964764,0.000083486615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0081548635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004676863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010146256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010345998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045532416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0536592},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144162852","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002441","title":"Controls on methane released through ebullition in peatlands affected by permafrost degradation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Guelph","funders":"University of California, Irvine","keywords":"Permafrost; Peat; Thermokarst; Bog; Methane; Mineralization (soil science); Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Soil science; Soil water; Oceanography; Chemistry; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.059354469371919814,"score_gpt":0.3285913077461804,"score_spread":0.2692368383742606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144162852","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99981946,0.000025060546,0.000034686276,0.000001529107,4.1016025e-7,0.0000014387281,0.00003641239,0.0000020037646,0.000079053294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99966705,0.000026888842,0.000104627594,0.0000042081842,7.543333e-7,0.000003891641,0.00009094053,0.000001744877,0.00010000836],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999056,0.000014506578,0.000007559946,0.000029846522,0.000016885766,0.000025624991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995828,0.000093383416,0.000117694726,0.000030298657,0.000074276366,0.00010151921],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023454314,0.0002063849,0.00027902998,0.00034436202,0.00038938902,0.00042117623,0.00019404435,0.00022979772,0.0003930233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003287074,0.00015300377,0.00012512472,0.00018198707,0.00044489832,0.00021489285,0.00032208962,0.0001735107,0.000068369125],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010379619,0.000067899746,0.4206682,0.00005296471,0.000039915743,0.00024273804,0.0008571042,0.00063983095,0.5724837,0.00004876449,0.000026645057,0.0038342236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000047467106,0.00014095735,0.98497343,0.0000041790736,0.000011942291,0.000062643645,0.00034918237,0.0007824824,0.013477428,0.000034455534,0.00015282883,0.0000056363315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0139216045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01918374,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0139216045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043536673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025344884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027681172},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154297339","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002987","title":"Uncoupled organic matter burial and quality in boreal lake sediments over the Holocene","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg","keywords":"Holocene; Boreal; Sediment; Total organic carbon; Geology; Sink (geography); Peat; Radiocarbon dating; Organic matter; Isotopes of carbon; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Physical geography; Oceanography; Ecology; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Ecosystem; Chemistry","score_opus":0.06980095369134531,"score_gpt":0.3517125697543118,"score_spread":0.2819116160629665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154297339","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99922204,0.0002188485,0.00007821776,0.000008829819,0.0000026067985,0.000001346874,0.00019293743,0.000008968356,0.00026623183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995285,0.00006494101,0.00009066677,0.0000062642694,0.0000032539383,0.000001890905,0.00018744946,0.0000030088643,0.00011397436],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985015,0.000013905995,0.00001777193,0.000049114777,0.000036748763,0.000032273132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995141,0.000044175526,0.00023228182,0.00002687232,0.00012968935,0.00005300143],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034829284,0.00034559847,0.00019282779,0.0014553249,0.000623799,0.00085180945,0.00024096936,0.00027473376,0.0005004394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048875966,0.00023206181,0.00026269926,0.0011423228,0.00049644767,0.0006192939,0.000515544,0.00015714052,0.000093557195],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026137006,0.000021604219,0.94339436,0.00006741176,0.00011738021,0.00018477385,0.000637991,0.00038200687,0.04703872,0.000071802846,0.00008756128,0.0077350535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010946152,0.000013770785,0.99924266,0.0000014142911,0.0000097006905,0.000026341411,0.00006024867,0.00007172647,0.0004455388,0.000007804215,0.00011766623,0.00000202149],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022081507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03589122,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022081507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005966301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035316142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.043905914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157461421","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20034","title":"Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from a headwater stream network of interior Alaska","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey; University of Wisconsin-Madison","keywords":"STREAMS; Permafrost; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Methane; Drainage basin; Carbon dioxide; Ecosystem; Greenhouse gas; Soil water; Ecology; Soil science; Geology; Oceanography; Geography","score_opus":0.057664568679249364,"score_gpt":0.315452913138783,"score_spread":0.25778834445953364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157461421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99922323,0.000024803698,0.00012270697,0.0000064071655,0.0000010053136,0.0000035589796,0.00024671454,0.0000077612885,0.0003638811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99860877,0.00007398508,0.00043583623,0.0000057983916,0.0000014687766,0.000007480834,0.00048685566,0.0000012515554,0.00037858402],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987173,0.000015219627,0.000014883635,0.000045469926,0.00003747709,0.000015275757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997563,0.000036111516,0.00007545705,0.000017811593,0.00006826684,0.00004607822],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015868038,0.00015191363,0.00012166608,0.0006633922,0.0005065632,0.00044679828,0.0001452336,0.00014115135,0.00046522083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038430965,0.00011249898,0.00012429326,0.0007265433,0.00018811678,0.00023097356,0.00033939935,0.000102191436,0.000063949774],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004342207,0.000038059872,0.98342264,0.0000217114,0.000040721996,0.0002454886,0.0006061274,0.00278742,0.0042536166,0.0000599591,0.00014225362,0.008338712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018186298,0.000020647976,0.994011,0.000006377203,0.000023523411,0.00008682675,0.0008374602,0.003804077,0.0007169102,0.00005973984,0.00042598278,0.000005694875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.117648736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.24231757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.117648736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00074562954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060478575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23392785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162947373","doi":"10.1002/2013jg002306","title":"Variability of North Sea pH and CO<sub>2</sub> in response to North Atlantic Oscillation forcing","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Exzellenzcluster Ozean der Zukunft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Villum Fonden","keywords":"Forcing (mathematics); North Atlantic oscillation; Climatology; Oscillation (cell signaling); Oceanography; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Environmental science; Geology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.02486318366851975,"score_gpt":0.2849294793026366,"score_spread":0.2600662956341169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2162947373","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999164,0.000016272525,0.00008948848,0.00002647071,0.0000039910788,0.0000030535302,0.000317722,0.000009393488,0.00036954344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99943656,0.000017336026,0.000057509886,0.000012079596,0.000004232289,0.000004463262,0.00033677972,0.000003439931,0.00012758224],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999318,0.00001352979,0.000007139564,0.000019317347,0.000013372851,0.000014794946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995491,0.00011041672,0.00013733827,0.000054222975,0.00007640353,0.000072506344],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002035657,0.00012684199,0.0001862366,0.00025562034,0.0001567979,0.00037929378,0.00013750783,0.00019941306,0.00094487105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007266049,0.00010863254,0.00017825466,0.00030439324,0.0001769738,0.0001429065,0.00028471224,0.00021236471,0.00013523357],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033268653,0.000091052796,0.92747694,0.00003998931,0.00021690482,0.00023886465,0.0001978232,0.0033575594,0.059600145,0.00012810536,0.0007184514,0.007601488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000024190351,0.0000116680485,0.9980475,9.4783013e-7,0.000005689053,0.000013509536,0.000029179428,0.0014718622,0.00027994558,0.000015980608,0.00011903509,0.0000023537318],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008597914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013332811,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008597914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024044196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016527931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017095745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163168785","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003004","title":"Effects of simulated spring thaw of permafrost from mineral cryosol on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> uptake","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Ste. Anne's Hospital; Laurentian University; University of Sudbury","funders":"Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Tundra; Environmental chemistry; Permafrost; Biogeochemical cycle; Arctic; Chemistry; Dissolved organic carbon; Methanogenesis; Heterotroph; Carbon dioxide; Autotroph; Methane; Environmental science; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.051923224622410905,"score_gpt":0.3036306893713139,"score_spread":0.251707464748903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2163168785","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996437,0.000010391539,0.00008561836,0.0000074501136,0.0000034212999,0.0000035020562,0.00010789033,0.000008157478,0.00012982001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99963176,0.00001319294,0.00009323742,0.000015495232,9.98096e-7,0.000005187185,0.0001726599,0.000003441676,0.00006407967],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999652,0.0000045492675,0.0000016641916,0.0000083437735,0.000007090431,0.000013254125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998765,0.00005676352,0.000017994571,0.0000062744516,0.000015607005,0.00002687099],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010085364,0.00031710707,0.00025590003,0.00007912748,0.00030475273,0.00027215824,0.00021490843,0.00026624728,0.00074891886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023190763,0.0001319189,0.0002152667,0.00008570241,0.00017007596,0.00011208491,0.00015611404,0.00028385277,0.00006684191],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.005996349,0.00045329143,0.13892101,0.00014377902,0.00015880245,0.00055024645,0.0002076352,0.026839295,0.81916195,0.000079505604,0.00037132713,0.007116883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015528503,0.0019506012,0.6994395,0.000016521817,0.000113203176,0.0000873985,0.0005195319,0.06641677,0.23031342,0.00011492764,0.00084106566,0.00003184791],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020171667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027387341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020171667,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00070827355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036429215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.040108502},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172454053","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003005","title":"How hydrology determines seasonal and interannual variations in water table depth, surface energy exchange, and water stress in a tropical peatland: Modeling versus measurements","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Evapotranspiration; Environmental science; Peat; Hydrology (agriculture); Water table; Eddy covariance; Groundwater recharge; Ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Groundwater; Aquifer; Geology","score_opus":0.07306997737247573,"score_gpt":0.30869377744409543,"score_spread":0.2356238000716197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2172454053","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99894553,0.000007764329,0.00069616816,0.000014161803,0.0000011667887,0.0000034522773,0.00008931239,0.000015278893,0.00022722072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99954885,0.000011699752,0.00031047323,0.0000021221597,7.8243556e-7,0.0000044887197,0.000046256293,0.000003018689,0.00007223819],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999553,0.00001200898,0.0000032140958,0.000015405223,0.000004700596,0.000009390855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998049,0.000106528576,0.000029608984,0.000018524182,0.000015380127,0.000025163088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002219522,0.00024706675,0.00015663129,0.00014514984,0.00019469837,0.0003824421,0.00030496664,0.00030375345,0.0004860364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000434587,0.00018732011,0.0003619356,0.00016414569,0.00032540946,0.0003541074,0.00016220148,0.00024702717,0.000047223784],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013668918,0.00018572414,0.13937594,0.00003000493,0.000069274014,0.00011345708,0.00009250811,0.8443421,0.012313859,0.00051429996,0.00014932864,0.0026767803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018219089,0.00004017892,0.039443683,0.0000027277663,0.000020793206,0.000018147159,0.00004750012,0.9583375,0.001838835,0.00013386026,0.00008927729,0.00000929715],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030261273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015792029,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030261273,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059136446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041019692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.060170293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2213555610","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003060","title":"Remote sensing‐based estimation of annual soil respiration at two contrasting forest sites","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth; Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Youth Innovation Promotion Association; Major State Basic Research Development Program of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Environmental science; Evergreen; Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Water content; Radiometer; Deciduous; Atmospheric sciences; Data assimilation; Remote sensing; Hydrology (agriculture); Meteorology; Ecology; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.049470855212563454,"score_gpt":0.32703083225435503,"score_spread":0.2775599770417916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2213555610","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990734,0.000011151255,0.00069796754,0.0000027060855,6.4307653e-7,0.0000031542688,0.00009765869,0.000015369194,0.00009797297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982141,0.000008490306,0.0015050124,0.0000012737444,6.4697144e-7,0.0000032942926,0.00021392587,0.0000014231019,0.000051901163],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999163,0.000020596803,0.000004401452,0.000031285694,0.000017057251,0.000010378832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997991,0.000056769408,0.000050102364,0.000015203406,0.0000501069,0.000028821074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044362107,0.00026850664,0.00017890852,0.00051209435,0.00020804707,0.00030855654,0.0002576097,0.0001970916,0.00028161384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041993283,0.00011606523,0.00017481833,0.00040234922,0.00012294357,0.00018395147,0.00012360042,0.00013144451,0.00005320197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049934007,0.00023643152,0.8674645,0.000050320024,0.00010986628,0.000111195695,0.00014852975,0.06312661,0.03710867,0.00017195247,0.00018601221,0.030786527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029119758,0.000067348956,0.878098,0.000006130891,0.000041983953,0.000040698644,0.000096029755,0.1177666,0.003645,0.00004876144,0.00014074247,0.000019542515],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.069262296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.15355086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.069262296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006316858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044387506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13771826},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2232075864","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003132","title":"The atmospheric role in the Arctic water cycle: A review on processes, past and future changes, and their impacts","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":315,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Impact; Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria","funders":"Academy of Finland; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Environmental science; Arctic geoengineering; Sea ice; Evapotranspiration; Water cycle; Climatology; Precipitation; Arctic; Cryosphere; Arctic sea ice decline; Ice-albedo feedback; Arctic ice pack; Climate model; Climate change; Snow; Atmospheric sciences; Sea ice thickness; Oceanography; Geology; Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.03707191420041528,"score_gpt":0.3185013038304342,"score_spread":0.2814293896300189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2232075864","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00029648998,0.99858093,0.00008769017,0.00032341862,0.00025366808,0.0000020004716,0.00003162665,0.0000039362612,0.00042019133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0012405777,0.99808514,0.000085807245,0.00014080114,0.000330833,0.0000021401515,0.000026685171,0.0000014356804,0.0000866494],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997236,0.000055195072,0.00005697176,0.0000639399,0.000071383605,0.000028861365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916923,0.00044896686,0.00012515404,0.000018136761,0.00017675117,0.00006174162],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010398513,0.0010573067,0.0012684182,0.0025644053,0.00042409898,0.0018599418,0.0007262041,0.0008618515,0.0019632042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010423572,0.00032838166,0.00090537575,0.0050999634,0.0007014725,0.002024359,0.00083142874,0.0013953482,0.00052373024],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019429321,0.00010648064,0.0028592036,0.04957015,0.00038725647,0.00033340082,0.0004470472,0.0022969176,0.0018001527,0.008066847,0.035496287,0.89844185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015008636,0.0002321392,0.01057877,0.026789047,0.0007332527,0.00081652077,0.0005394017,0.0006372548,0.00042328317,0.0069202124,0.95224065,0.000074385236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057604597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005710982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0057604597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008615875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021597205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011453867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2235562755","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003069","title":"Interactions of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides with sedimentary organic matter of retrogressive thaw slump‐affected lakes in the tundra uplands adjacent to the Mackenzie Delta, NT, Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Geological Survey of Canada; Carleton University; Brock University; Aboriginal Affairs Northern Dev Canada; Impact; Government of Northwest Territories; University of Ottawa","funders":"Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Tundra; Organochlorine pesticide; Delta; Environmental science; Organic matter; Pesticide; Sedimentary rock; Sedimentary organic matter; Slump; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Geochemistry; Ecology; Geography; Oceanography; Chemistry; Arctic; Archaeology; Biology","score_opus":0.0164445985290469,"score_gpt":0.262618581561801,"score_spread":0.24617398303275412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2235562755","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9999095,0.000009304615,0.00000862518,0.00000185446,1.4176577e-7,8.14512e-7,0.000027470745,6.050562e-7,0.000041593314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99982554,0.000011079977,0.00002792536,0.0000037335114,2.652704e-7,0.0000010701414,0.00005766498,5.4793793e-7,0.00007221857],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998572,0.0000171262,0.000011117184,0.00004272428,0.00002865026,0.000043213928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997223,0.000027862867,0.00010630281,0.000013782887,0.00007323378,0.000056479617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013795988,0.00019034016,0.00020707714,0.0006421085,0.0007251069,0.00047999236,0.00027987218,0.0001725671,0.00032831903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032200062,0.0002204867,0.00018733993,0.000650411,0.00068401976,0.00016835728,0.0004249166,0.00012747673,0.00004191981],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015088606,0.00002247564,0.9826738,0.000009292198,0.000057265188,0.0001284602,0.00048580897,0.00011193432,0.014980312,0.000012147129,0.000026977741,0.0013405796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.8993713e-7,0.00001064441,0.99933654,6.092366e-7,0.0000061441947,0.000015414997,0.00021372795,0.00007106273,0.0003182861,0.0000016116715,0.000024303845,7.901752e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.42775646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6789176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5722436,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023580627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091924967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85053325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2258439581","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003189","title":"Dual nitrate isotopes clarify the role of biological processing and hydrologic flow paths on nitrogen cycling in subtropical low‐gradient watersheds","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Bioenergy Technologies Office; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of Energy Efficiency; UT-Battelle; Battelle; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Watershed; Environmental science; Cycling; Snowmelt; Hydrology (agriculture); Nitrate; Subsurface flow; Denitrification; Nitrification; Nitrogen cycle; Groundwater; Surface runoff; Nitrogen; Ecology; Geology; Chemistry; Geography","score_opus":0.026636671900084178,"score_gpt":0.2776582529515237,"score_spread":0.2510215810514395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2258439581","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997919,0.000015684165,0.000067928704,0.0000043953764,2.2593665e-7,0.0000010508237,0.000020516261,0.0000017230213,0.0000965898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99956685,0.000016007578,0.00023810052,0.000009071249,6.7315017e-7,0.0000027070814,0.000075291246,0.0000015580486,0.000089717374],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994814,0.000010346135,0.0000031658947,0.000015434112,0.000010110034,0.00001275656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988484,0.00002691728,0.000027865004,0.0000055717783,0.000031840198,0.00002291514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015595276,0.00011187508,0.00018143591,0.00041519006,0.0003371231,0.00044164763,0.00019013393,0.00015957803,0.00037691533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025124164,0.00010605766,0.00009606247,0.00042760128,0.00029098557,0.0002774648,0.00025986315,0.0001502824,0.00004427436],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024128381,0.00008960383,0.8517554,0.000018209576,0.000026668271,0.00011691871,0.00045348704,0.0005332789,0.14191492,0.00012702074,0.00005497101,0.004668322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035988708,0.000017215061,0.9956358,0.0000011740364,0.0000063433613,0.000015249678,0.00022234318,0.0019388892,0.0020188482,0.000056190143,0.0000823183,0.0000020674165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034082424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06395627,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034082424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005919314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032230065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06776804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2259432036","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003027","title":"Summer storms trigger soil N<sub>2</sub>O efflux episodes in forested catchments","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Forest Research Institute; Natural Resources Canada; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Precipitation; Wetland; Environmental science; Temperate climate; Hydrology (agriculture); Nitrate; Temperate forest; Environmental chemistry; Nitrogen; Ecology; Chemistry; Geology; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.06074174131560807,"score_gpt":0.3280325773501521,"score_spread":0.26729083603454407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2259432036","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99971515,0.000012585832,0.000015270043,0.0000072068005,4.4417027e-7,0.0000017259247,0.00007921598,0.0000028274826,0.00016552059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99978966,0.000011487609,0.000017643579,0.0000046900473,0.0000011637501,0.0000011831751,0.000102043356,6.878598e-7,0.00007148635],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999229,0.0000066615657,0.000004312226,0.000018877145,0.000013194568,0.00003402377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972194,0.00003153312,0.00009369401,0.000009810171,0.000057296736,0.0000857536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000102478814,0.00010411996,0.0001890592,0.00032969477,0.00044636492,0.00047770175,0.00014981197,0.000184442,0.0007540294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004220675,0.00012418213,0.00010900871,0.00033375667,0.0002830302,0.00019901399,0.0002749308,0.0001014272,0.00008548644],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011102371,0.000025789586,0.9925971,0.0000093262,0.000019139256,0.00012470476,0.00030947934,0.0002145965,0.004816186,0.000021476979,0.00013979583,0.0016115756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012210277,0.000003051049,0.99971443,5.259564e-7,0.0000012603726,0.000008587076,0.00007819371,0.00011632943,0.000033127686,0.0000043621644,0.00003830767,5.9800334e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.37966532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5412817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37966532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015918715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008058716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7549108},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2266381963","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003061","title":"Effects of permafrost aggradation on peat properties as determined from a pan‐Arctic synthesis of plant macrofossils","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Academy of Finland; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Tundra; Peat; Bog; Macrofossil; Boreal; Aggradation; Thermokarst; Taiga; Geology; Vegetation (pathology); Subarctic climate; Soil carbon; Environmental science; Physical geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Arctic; Ecology; Soil science; Geomorphology; Soil water; Oceanography; Geography; Holocene","score_opus":0.08622069366137802,"score_gpt":0.3060154940518631,"score_spread":0.2197948003904851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2266381963","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989158,0.0002554879,0.00018644643,0.0000029293724,0.0000012425351,0.0000012111282,0.00034142326,0.000003104971,0.00029247752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988128,0.00013738024,0.00031509716,0.000005014082,0.0000025643105,0.0000027523577,0.00060641364,0.000003976654,0.000114016635],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987376,0.000033008135,0.000008344681,0.00004705552,0.000020165598,0.000017630142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938655,0.0001596159,0.00015640943,0.000042090884,0.00017654295,0.00007872257],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006308901,0.00025629485,0.00020131585,0.00077320257,0.00028753752,0.0005578798,0.00011075482,0.000118480166,0.00045114246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005652205,0.00016439991,0.00019836986,0.0006827032,0.00014066804,0.0002577173,0.0002294426,0.000099367215,0.00011214948],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018396915,0.000013700474,0.9720195,0.00004654149,0.00023030363,0.00002855887,0.00032202844,0.00043879895,0.017520092,0.0000354729,0.000052964628,0.009108125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.6624595e-7,0.000011425588,0.9990466,0.0000031424504,0.000015840229,0.000020440235,0.000054085947,0.00031359392,0.00039503933,0.000010857207,0.0001268763,0.0000015876759],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018265137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.039888263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018265137,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002694951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022207119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.036317647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2267548713","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002988","title":"Low historical nitrogen deposition effect on carbon sequestration in the boreal zone","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McMaster University Medical Centre; Université Laval","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Microsoft Research; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Resources Canada; Université Laval; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Taiga; Boreal; Sink (geography); Environmental science; Carbon sink; Biome; Temperate climate; Carbon sequestration; Atmospheric sciences; Deposition (geology); Biosphere; Evergreen; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen; Primary production; Temperate rainforest; Tropics; Global change; Northern Hemisphere; Ecosystem; Ecology; Climate change; Carbon dioxide; Chemistry; Geology; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.05031905961386475,"score_gpt":0.30826924386540294,"score_spread":0.2579501842515382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2267548713","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990607,0.00005041282,0.0002802648,0.000021159158,0.0000030028848,0.0000022466106,0.00021002858,0.00003275773,0.00033947456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99941015,0.00002325643,0.00031110024,0.000006245073,0.0000014727434,0.0000021753206,0.00020150914,0.000003828168,0.000040327708],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986756,0.000034365166,0.000010143338,0.00005019346,0.000022197533,0.000015527914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978095,0.000074882184,0.000041125488,0.000031239277,0.00004673413,0.000025136005],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007082647,0.0004376866,0.00027695365,0.0002356026,0.00028786118,0.00041650046,0.0004710569,0.00027855817,0.00048323718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046484714,0.00018019733,0.00041766698,0.00018936356,0.00025297396,0.00045135967,0.0002482256,0.00015184945,0.00004957653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00070823065,0.00016904857,0.7168837,0.00011590892,0.00033491733,0.00020236518,0.00009374191,0.23819475,0.031119535,0.00063783413,0.0003963108,0.011143664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009678471,0.0004145317,0.6469895,0.000013650765,0.00015526448,0.00014213589,0.0000953402,0.34209117,0.008729165,0.00046276624,0.00076935755,0.000040346953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03395232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.035890255,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03395232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007447263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041087362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06750941},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2268807416","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003205","title":"The sensitivity of carbon exchanges in Great Plains grasslands to precipitation variability","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Grassland; Precipitation; Environmental science; Eddy covariance; Primary production; Growing season; Carbon sink; Sink (geography); Atmospheric sciences; Grassland ecosystem; Ecosystem; Climatology; Physical geography; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Biology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.023734548374243755,"score_gpt":0.296369562147424,"score_spread":0.2726350137731802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2268807416","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999746,0.000016253955,0.000049441474,0.0000093041945,4.4018756e-7,0.0000010145853,0.000051603358,0.000004235344,0.000121582816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99983406,0.000009545918,0.00003312236,0.000005987669,0.0000014368759,0.0000015029809,0.00008197745,0.0000011193816,0.000031220683],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998454,0.000055674926,0.000009465987,0.000044543467,0.000018251945,0.000026661557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944884,0.00022963993,0.00015458431,0.00005609206,0.00004750644,0.00006341369],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031144463,0.00012523227,0.00019580273,0.00043802802,0.00018573333,0.0004904362,0.00014988627,0.00022189954,0.0006500212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010066244,0.00015931182,0.00015909596,0.0004827991,0.00034888703,0.00028928992,0.00033417597,0.00013711413,0.000070641894],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019194756,0.000033992932,0.98318785,0.000013766817,0.00017136063,0.00011915237,0.0002002849,0.0021353415,0.010967645,0.000073431176,0.000081950515,0.0028233575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000233299,0.0000055227797,0.9990994,4.3952627e-7,0.0000034612062,0.000017583474,0.000030457379,0.00072808017,0.00006752704,0.000019357138,0.00002463176,0.0000011354807],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009646572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007413568,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009646572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020713323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010634223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019180834},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2272286834","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002795","title":"Increased wintertime CO<sub>2</sub> loss as a result of sustained tundra warming","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nova Scotia Hospital; MEG-3 (Canada); St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Tundra; Environmental science; Permafrost; Eddy covariance; Ecosystem respiration; Atmospheric sciences; Growing season; Snow; Global warming; Flux (metallurgy); Arctic; Ecosystem; Climatology; Climate change; Agronomy; Ecology; Chemistry; Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.04934035176954565,"score_gpt":0.3243907625241286,"score_spread":0.2750504107545829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2272286834","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993838,0.00007153042,0.00015744193,0.000011434568,0.000002120818,0.0000017958598,0.00021293381,0.000010195034,0.00014862935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99942684,0.000033584714,0.00011360045,0.000018869436,0.0000024414728,0.000004640995,0.00022537145,0.0000034421553,0.00017133505],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998728,0.00002831681,0.000008887281,0.000045420784,0.000024648758,0.000019804227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997216,0.00004498935,0.00011218473,0.0000403295,0.000039283845,0.000041617317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027709996,0.00027356017,0.00020004953,0.00030031957,0.00024197776,0.0004310686,0.00020608187,0.00024297257,0.0006411035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027176697,0.0001383332,0.00022410268,0.0003062758,0.00024733873,0.00024901875,0.00023328196,0.0003377686,0.00009384455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014294997,0.00009883605,0.698376,0.000059076036,0.00026514448,0.0002014216,0.00015860186,0.0017388362,0.28954744,0.00009320594,0.00020615965,0.0078257555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002079606,0.00006619524,0.98943615,0.0000015169404,0.000013850423,0.0000611749,0.00004599927,0.00081758696,0.009398942,0.00002511803,0.00012896016,0.0000024157464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009222258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011830913,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009222258,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005183341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012848695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01833719},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2274511067","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003120","title":"Modeling the Arctic freshwater system and its integration in the global system: Lessons learned and future challenges","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact; University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; U.S. Department of Energy; International Arctic Science Committee; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Earth system science; Arctic; Cryosphere; The arctic; Environmental science; Climate change; Climatology; Environmental resource management; Oceanography; Sea ice; Geology","score_opus":0.10898268758133979,"score_gpt":0.3308146763718171,"score_spread":0.22183198879047733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2274511067","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29772806,0.16087367,0.34558392,0.15060723,0.0020605156,0.00012484632,0.0017429303,0.00090608397,0.04037269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8158069,0.066465795,0.11087247,0.0022346156,0.0013213002,0.0001346655,0.0005426384,0.0001382279,0.0024834],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925226,0.0004829027,0.000033794255,0.0000843538,0.00008348761,0.000063103944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99777585,0.0012915718,0.00013288885,0.00016357146,0.00041110095,0.0002250925],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0046069715,0.00079441996,0.001139338,0.000750438,0.0006560283,0.0028238439,0.0016632963,0.0019614683,0.0017486587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004555606,0.00040748203,0.0011550357,0.0013315305,0.0018152894,0.004779589,0.001778765,0.002421871,0.0002710838],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042555854,0.00007884931,0.01274779,0.00067708263,0.00025441876,0.00017298486,0.0004936417,0.7746389,0.0008218771,0.13556981,0.007190559,0.06731161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002037473,0.00009900977,0.0044001783,0.00072239933,0.00011589907,0.00007436225,0.0012080342,0.6499106,0.00040514837,0.30581445,0.037147593,0.00008193699],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.060800396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04349479,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060800396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022983537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038581789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.120893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2284114936","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003073","title":"The relative influence of topography and land cover on inorganic and organic carbon exports from catchments in southern Quebec, Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Deforestation (computer science); Land cover; Environmental science; Vegetation (pathology); Drainage basin; Temperate climate; Precipitation; Wetland; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon fibers; Total organic carbon; Land use; Physical geography; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Biology","score_opus":0.013690813598794763,"score_gpt":0.24870635225541046,"score_spread":0.2350155386566157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2284114936","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99756217,0.00011030785,0.0001007809,0.00008147347,0.0000016042028,0.000006624514,0.001362189,0.000009195454,0.0007656762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984659,0.00007036704,0.000093449846,0.000022408549,0.000001550759,0.0000041505173,0.0009145871,0.0000037449051,0.00042383428],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980456,0.000022943123,0.000008644242,0.000054753,0.00004641211,0.00006272903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991456,0.00014431862,0.00013595623,0.00002999009,0.00037223328,0.00017195674],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030830927,0.00032589596,0.00024517468,0.0006588974,0.0011209943,0.0012751276,0.00051296246,0.00021855901,0.0021252462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001016952,0.00013126365,0.00030893245,0.0018445143,0.00062993175,0.00026935176,0.00045661005,0.00022070188,0.00013680474],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000710351,0.000014931104,0.9901416,0.000026313312,0.00007222652,0.00013977446,0.00047088126,0.0013219743,0.0011825942,0.00007752196,0.0006660872,0.005815129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002752181,0.0000032793355,0.9981944,0.000007467888,0.0000083481145,0.00001188275,0.0003579177,0.0010468091,0.000044138073,0.000009997257,0.00030936877,0.0000036762],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9873761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9929771,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012623906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009710347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0057837632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07045376},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2288535089","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003322","title":"Retrieval of seasonal dynamics of forest understory reflectance from semiarid to boreal forests using MODIS BRDF data","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; Academy of Finland; Eesti Teadusfondi","keywords":"Understory; Bidirectional reflectance distribution function; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Taiga; Albedo (alchemy); Boreal; Vegetation (pathology); Leaf area index; Reflectivity; Satellite; Geography; Ecology; Canopy; Forestry; Biology","score_opus":0.07314879178813502,"score_gpt":0.3525113013101038,"score_spread":0.2793625095219687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2288535089","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975695,0.00009046862,0.001525696,0.000011800655,0.0000067223673,0.000005156607,0.0003372679,0.000086169974,0.00036708466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99729913,0.000038732018,0.0020640318,0.00000479205,0.000003410783,0.0000029530734,0.0004829554,0.000008051037,0.00009583707],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999243,0.000009496022,0.0000061391315,0.000028995733,0.000014688158,0.000016311626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998574,0.0000266989,0.000031699983,0.000018580427,0.000043793058,0.00002184871],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031848592,0.00027654204,0.000192425,0.00058255735,0.00017012918,0.0003538914,0.00017056154,0.00013255884,0.00022248848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035257824,0.00012389047,0.00019074604,0.0005508751,0.00010487488,0.00031590398,0.00012850571,0.00010795049,0.0000772122],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00062995485,0.00021792324,0.6887094,0.00014683596,0.00014349594,0.00025045607,0.00039929344,0.022939108,0.1710468,0.00023864329,0.0012323607,0.11404586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002353475,0.00005270471,0.91655093,0.000010457993,0.00004125336,0.00011551544,0.00013461932,0.07555812,0.006814229,0.000061871484,0.00062112306,0.000015604908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021226248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.031384323,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021226248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023655202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025757775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.042205393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2290898079","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003306","title":"Bacterial Fe(II) oxidation distinguished by long‐range correlation in redox potential","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Redox; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Reaction rate constant; Nernst equation; Scaling; BIOS; Kinetics; Thermodynamics; Inorganic chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Electrode; Physical chemistry","score_opus":0.027963999061868278,"score_gpt":0.3073457266755261,"score_spread":0.27938172761365787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2290898079","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99747735,0.00014489972,0.001964656,0.000021819538,0.0000042308384,0.0000064760316,0.00008017576,0.000020148775,0.00028010338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989656,0.000050692935,0.00069411873,0.000004579993,0.0000016257032,0.0000058331375,0.00006756682,0.0000029649811,0.00020699576],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998572,0.000025455862,0.000008005972,0.000035143097,0.0000474771,0.000026711094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970645,0.00010766788,0.000062876,0.000022227,0.00006554039,0.000035190984],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029249978,0.00020981068,0.00026701347,0.00023051376,0.00008539828,0.00037637874,0.00013121722,0.00030628045,0.000363588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00067839504,0.00016895343,0.00015304596,0.00017332469,0.00017997583,0.0002472694,0.00016312915,0.00025152278,0.00018928286],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014879201,0.000019292256,0.005045332,0.000017719987,0.00000693658,0.000028900546,0.000032975033,0.0003000575,0.9926946,0.00004872479,0.000017839375,0.0016388193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013119238,0.0005461027,0.16549581,0.000009153456,0.000025778,0.00020022018,0.00014829858,0.03328625,0.7995717,0.00020174164,0.0004739575,0.000027910384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00087695126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061478623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00087695126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020737115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009519371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0017437339},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2292621132","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003125","title":"Changes to freshwater systems affecting Arctic infrastructure and natural resources","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria; Yukon Department of Environment","funders":"International Arctic Science Committee","keywords":"Arctic; Environmental science; Snowmelt; Water resources; Precipitation; Climate change; Environmental resource management; Snow; Geography; Ecology; Oceanography; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.06453581190576664,"score_gpt":0.31732060044917565,"score_spread":0.252784788543409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2292621132","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97989684,0.0010860467,0.00085727166,0.0005979657,0.000032172054,0.00001393194,0.0017695534,0.000037084374,0.015709164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988532,0.00039393516,0.00016859174,0.000022681013,0.000010293465,0.0000026092182,0.00024556447,0.0000026044427,0.00030050342],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979144,0.000058087564,0.000015352267,0.000030525487,0.000051678493,0.00005283468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995388,0.000053979715,0.0001363007,0.00002114142,0.00018474192,0.00006516751],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037813795,0.00012934956,0.00013692638,0.0009015421,0.00054777187,0.0012749328,0.00018878773,0.0001800431,0.0013690771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009028272,0.00006622925,0.00014999707,0.0016261727,0.00068873435,0.00042744234,0.0006906636,0.00017036714,0.00012868179],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024346058,0.00007289225,0.8691443,0.0002796728,0.0002164669,0.00080034765,0.0026127654,0.02939621,0.011150606,0.014618917,0.0038616767,0.06760273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000026158853,0.00004569611,0.98236614,0.00002957332,0.000022120874,0.000094516465,0.0016301712,0.0034961258,0.0011069883,0.0024396442,0.008750712,0.000015766933],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10474164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08480612,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10474164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023084723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012308641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20826393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2293141016","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003133","title":"Transitions in Arctic ecosystems: Ecological implications of a changing hydrological regime","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":280,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies; University of Victoria; Impact; Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Naturvårdsverket; Sight Research UK; Polarforskningssekretariatet; International Arctic Science Committee; Natural Environment Research Council; University of Victoria","keywords":"Environmental science; Ecosystem; Biogeochemical cycle; Ecology; Freshwater ecosystem; Marine ecosystem; Circumpolar star; Arctic; Climate change; Trophic level; Environmental change; Lake ecosystem; Habitat; Oceanography; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.0947555597064209,"score_gpt":0.33313219004994127,"score_spread":0.23837663034352036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2293141016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9698318,0.008781022,0.0024024474,0.0032344204,0.00013515286,0.000015463813,0.00080627576,0.000039411778,0.014754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964187,0.0025043986,0.00057623116,0.00017164237,0.000046259127,0.000003547539,0.00010608226,0.0000030314757,0.00017026052],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998299,0.00007463368,0.000012859381,0.000024373094,0.000022897997,0.0000353649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999559,0.00011770113,0.00012899748,0.000013799048,0.00008390825,0.00009657651],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009538816,0.00012144944,0.00015974078,0.00066566933,0.000716244,0.0017862958,0.00016812434,0.00033645524,0.0008269587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008426202,0.00006321895,0.00027968304,0.000859242,0.00058529386,0.0005905989,0.00072930555,0.00035148233,0.00006599504],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047709656,0.00016206059,0.7792256,0.0009665233,0.0006275166,0.0011600839,0.00435012,0.028494913,0.013497574,0.02329465,0.0041017914,0.14364222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009367559,0.00009826049,0.9484507,0.00026519303,0.00010522908,0.0003168326,0.0061809947,0.01028397,0.00091085554,0.017922644,0.015409634,0.00004631221],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028082667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04151778,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028082667,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010363824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008099511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.055838406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2298850945","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003131","title":"Arctic terrestrial hydrology: A synthesis of processes, regional effects, and research challenges","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":448,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact; University of Victoria; McMaster University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; International Arctic Science Committee; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; ArcticNet; Polarforskningssekretariatet","keywords":"Permafrost; Environmental science; Tundra; Arctic; Streamflow; Hydrology (agriculture); Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Wetland; Snowmelt; Terrestrial ecosystem; Ecohydrology; Ecosystem; Surface runoff; Ecology; Oceanography; Drainage basin; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.13884282412778276,"score_gpt":0.354598261194592,"score_spread":0.21575543706680922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2298850945","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00842034,0.9731407,0.0029655204,0.00856735,0.0012373356,0.000019266537,0.0010545162,0.00008121701,0.0045137587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06006002,0.93204695,0.0033147421,0.0011516131,0.002238912,0.00002706638,0.00066306914,0.00003443903,0.00046316555],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934036,0.00020698161,0.000100010475,0.00015460762,0.0001370082,0.000060960167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970204,0.0014737822,0.00028277028,0.00010978357,0.000922169,0.00019103786],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0043747867,0.0011494703,0.0012734424,0.0061846785,0.00065268215,0.004342291,0.00040858903,0.0006191936,0.0016646072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004006204,0.0003465898,0.0012027783,0.008880252,0.0009021793,0.003022778,0.0018098586,0.001672688,0.00030406867],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001344719,0.000054436943,0.038512014,0.016859598,0.00095976476,0.00024520713,0.0021241582,0.014842038,0.0014074355,0.045188993,0.036078934,0.84359294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015337186,0.00026842172,0.16248758,0.032707565,0.0017492431,0.00040891464,0.0040983367,0.011107448,0.001192974,0.04674361,0.7389953,0.00022522557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04880013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.041746814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04880013,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0038460682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005687989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09703219},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2303097961","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002938","title":"Climate and peat type in relation to spatial variation of the peatland carbon mass in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Forest Research Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Forest Service; Ministry of Natural Resources; Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies; Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; Society of Wetland Scientists; Canadian Forest Service; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","keywords":"Peat; Bog; Physical geography; Spatial distribution; Environmental science; Carbon sink; Spatial variability; Climate change; Geology; Ecology; Geography; Oceanography","score_opus":0.016124533911429213,"score_gpt":0.27104709746050165,"score_spread":0.25492256354907245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2303097961","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99836594,0.0001465064,0.000062448016,0.000030021662,0.0000027428744,0.0000053107797,0.0010502102,0.000006753164,0.00033008103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99929917,0.000048125232,0.000076202596,0.0000075724356,0.0000010404065,0.000004263799,0.00037199308,0.0000019919596,0.00018961861],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997056,0.000031135267,0.000019758945,0.00008931338,0.000062643194,0.00009139172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982913,0.00026191684,0.00034272598,0.00007876456,0.0006624521,0.00036271836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003969262,0.00019208936,0.0003041545,0.001224382,0.0008410845,0.00091499154,0.0006714234,0.00021906367,0.0013326971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012664571,0.00018839231,0.0002604895,0.0019019763,0.0007403077,0.0002149728,0.0005351764,0.00021058589,0.000106894186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037155187,0.000006600174,0.9969176,0.000011160831,0.00003837401,0.000033897355,0.00027971188,0.00019938737,0.00055266375,0.000035217196,0.00019763416,0.0016905521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012879821,0.0000023083405,0.9993722,0.000004825051,0.0000047102094,0.000007927528,0.0003035128,0.00017053555,0.000031216707,0.0000056194226,0.000093520124,0.0000023758148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9642166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9830557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03578341,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005989163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0046057473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.071988225},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2316551166","doi":"10.1002/2014jg002876","title":"Global parameterization and validation of a two‐leaf light use efficiency model for predicting gross primary production across FLUXNET sites","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Université Laval; University of British Columbia","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Microsoft Research; Natural Resources Canada; Université Laval; University of California, Davis; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"FluxNet; Production (economics); Primary production; Primary (astronomy); Environmental science; Climatology; Econometrics; Mathematics; Physics; Economics; Geology; Ecology; Biology; Eddy covariance","score_opus":0.07137796106318085,"score_gpt":0.35344775722056443,"score_spread":0.2820697961573836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2316551166","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960163,0.000021248394,0.0030932259,0.000029459481,0.0000062396507,0.000014495065,0.00030423843,0.00014477955,0.00036987732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968527,0.000012134087,0.0023226007,0.0000068697004,0.00000225377,0.000022086493,0.0006794654,0.00001818564,0.00008362323],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997328,0.00009625747,0.000016689484,0.00007842981,0.000030295892,0.00004552986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994091,0.00025983778,0.00005365125,0.00010585236,0.00012401411,0.000047628208],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016516384,0.0010037731,0.00072197587,0.00052763504,0.00045425358,0.0006744887,0.0010389488,0.0010662794,0.0005940554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012961581,0.00040184593,0.0010910559,0.0006978169,0.00040312478,0.00086624426,0.00044687305,0.00057576405,0.00013504324],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009108947,0.00016023943,0.036461417,0.000016907195,0.000063175845,0.00007221558,0.00002664155,0.9565617,0.0024375098,0.00015409502,0.00018107392,0.0037739645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005002788,0.000045359386,0.015279193,0.0000026569596,0.000015921047,0.000006131617,0.000021428546,0.9833332,0.0010758614,0.00006247936,0.00009802768,0.0000097402235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05179773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.026782641,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05179773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001396893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008909934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.102992415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2335968448","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003233","title":"Exploring the metabolic potential of microbial communities in ultra‐basic, reducing springs at The Cedars, CA, USA: Experimental evidence of microbial methanogenesis and heterotrophic acetogenesis","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Acetogenesis; Methanogenesis; Environmental chemistry; Methane; Chemistry; Formate; Abiogenic petroleum origin; Microbial consortium; Heterotroph; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry; Geology; Microorganism; Bacteria; Catalysis","score_opus":0.10284073420312119,"score_gpt":0.3185275210557996,"score_spread":0.21568678685267845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2335968448","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99956506,0.000031347958,0.000043962467,0.000008844205,8.8884906e-7,0.000003165448,0.00011913437,0.0000021097778,0.00022547808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990922,0.000049984454,0.00027655353,0.000020829151,0.0000024277115,0.0000069846606,0.00033945922,0.0000014335523,0.00021022878],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998733,0.000011238407,0.0000058336514,0.000042906835,0.000037238984,0.000029501194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983907,0.000025467469,0.000023779574,0.000006125205,0.000056780238,0.000048697217],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014595078,0.00027349472,0.00020312733,0.00053210044,0.0011016342,0.0007601569,0.00039077573,0.00026913895,0.0005508812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013248352,0.00022819643,0.00014125327,0.00034460737,0.00037704958,0.00020412586,0.00024201421,0.00032360427,0.000105133106],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00077686715,0.00026186544,0.38496011,0.00008334811,0.000099399826,0.00027957003,0.0010967401,0.0005358479,0.604949,0.00013268011,0.00020337135,0.0066211214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000226167,0.00015963338,0.9801078,0.0000074556356,0.000031921925,0.000048662125,0.00064519705,0.0007755653,0.017751215,0.000017956852,0.0004248835,0.0000070512915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0660505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.13811421,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0660505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007194908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005839029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1313321},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2336759044","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003251","title":"Long‐term experimentally deepened snow decreases growing‐season respiration in a low‐ and high‐arctic tundra ecosystem","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Norsk Polarinstitutt; Universitetet i Tromsø","keywords":"Tundra; Snow; Growing season; Environmental science; Arctic; Soil water; Ecosystem; Climate change; Ecology; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Soil science; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.056928680979284184,"score_gpt":0.3217427817018613,"score_spread":0.26481410072257716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2336759044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997497,0.00003581902,0.000057948808,0.000011492005,0.000002637903,0.0000027800047,0.0000499926,0.00000502971,0.000084548374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988011,0.000046478865,0.00041292785,0.00006105437,0.0000029680486,0.000022258137,0.00022679323,0.000008069486,0.00041828788],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998115,0.000026214495,0.00001764028,0.00006097809,0.000021667662,0.00006200171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995179,0.00006403743,0.00009476103,0.00006450356,0.000057596408,0.00020123339],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022327687,0.00035579831,0.00044832373,0.00019044691,0.0005907338,0.00053369947,0.00066349085,0.00030238557,0.0005688656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018715925,0.00028708196,0.00040763256,0.00019098626,0.00069929153,0.00031944225,0.000446744,0.0009274163,0.00007634314],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026177384,0.0005432261,0.039778188,0.000096782685,0.0001693473,0.0001126763,0.0002795582,0.0007797051,0.9524834,0.000072888804,0.00011721935,0.0029492474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000118948534,0.0019500481,0.8764388,0.000013129921,0.00015387464,0.00010876396,0.0006786886,0.0049259895,0.11422892,0.00010296034,0.0012482337,0.000031654774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0523759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12760592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0523759,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002069489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000973547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10414213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2337992416","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003244","title":"Seasonality of photochemical dissolved organic carbon mineralization and its relative contribution to pelagic CO<sub>2</sub> production in northern lakes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Hydro-Québec; Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Pelagic zone; Seasonality; Environmental science; Carbon cycle; Irradiance; Water column; Biogeochemical cycle; Phytoplankton; Environmental chemistry; Ecosystem; Ecology; Oceanography; Chemistry; Nutrient; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.020533908185479222,"score_gpt":0.2706406576242791,"score_spread":0.25010674943879985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2337992416","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99972874,0.000035269313,0.000039688028,0.000005206145,3.9196402e-7,0.000001207462,0.0000727051,0.000004696341,0.000112196016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997172,0.000023780418,0.00006723711,0.0000031851725,0.0000010596893,0.0000043007235,0.000088979265,0.00000136427,0.000092815],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99996865,0.0000039822316,0.0000025652612,0.000012131711,0.000005809988,0.0000067997976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998462,0.000028201952,0.000058490663,0.0000071749296,0.00002733479,0.00003252036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013449592,0.0001384785,0.0001780092,0.00032107788,0.00028975477,0.00036169816,0.00012573026,0.00016597436,0.0004602333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020978927,0.00017088761,0.00012908575,0.0002546551,0.00023245644,0.00023277116,0.00019121659,0.00011333938,0.000055803022],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007462774,0.00005041297,0.74567753,0.00006491198,0.00010015849,0.00022686043,0.000904611,0.0012376925,0.2446157,0.00009125345,0.00018004731,0.0061045964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000023659936,0.000026804302,0.99598736,0.0000011542407,0.000010872356,0.000029865056,0.00008646472,0.00078266975,0.002965074,0.000011753993,0.00009246987,0.000003110568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01617211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028534658,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01617211,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00055653165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022505663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03215593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2340138936","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003234","title":"The sensitivity of simulated competition between different plant functional types to subgrid‐scale representation of vegetation in a land surface model","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vegetation (pathology); Scale (ratio); Plant functional type; Competition (biology); Ecological succession; Environmental science; Vegetation type; Atmospheric sciences; Mathematics; Physical geography; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Ecosystem; Cartography; Grassland; Biology","score_opus":0.0358405582847277,"score_gpt":0.2933725307546732,"score_spread":0.25753197246994547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2340138936","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945846,0.000042769974,0.001421176,0.00012529036,0.00001566722,0.000027475593,0.0010131239,0.00013054503,0.002639294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984041,0.000019211977,0.0005867752,0.000035467638,0.000001733473,0.000017712531,0.00065117364,0.000020479169,0.000263332],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99959284,0.00008893817,0.000017359684,0.00008371071,0.000081925486,0.00013519781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846494,0.0008371619,0.00008849527,0.00008498479,0.00034466336,0.00017980063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082736375,0.00078702444,0.00064689317,0.00047538485,0.0010805978,0.001430425,0.0016736247,0.0012283196,0.001710739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003087042,0.00043070366,0.0007526604,0.000815702,0.0008778391,0.00059123087,0.00053429726,0.000867332,0.00017212737],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000097313045,0.000041009625,0.010304865,0.00001284708,0.000036573467,0.000024022067,0.000017231869,0.98747534,0.00077827985,0.00030522665,0.00026744875,0.00063983083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000046784586,0.000032009913,0.0049268263,0.0000029269606,0.000013533445,0.0000043091327,0.00003213131,0.9942532,0.00043988167,0.00009556059,0.00013781474,0.00001500216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7390882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.52324474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7390882,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0068446724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0039166445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52489674},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2342910519","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003062","title":"Uncertainty analysis of terrestrial net primary productivity and net biome productivity in China during 1901–2005","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Division of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation; Thousand Young Talents Program of China; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Ames Research Center; Office of Science; University of Montana; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Energy; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Battelle; Auburn University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Primary production; Biome; Environmental science; Productivity; China; Uncertainty analysis; Econometrics; Statistics; Physical geography; Climatology; Mathematics; Ecology; Ecosystem; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.016732536214065338,"score_gpt":0.2762151225055673,"score_spread":0.25948258629150195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2342910519","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969008,0.00012741266,0.0015395475,0.000056984747,0.0000037795141,0.00000658672,0.00087769394,0.000026663676,0.00046062772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988446,0.000035278877,0.00029857375,0.0000072491907,0.0000025945956,0.0000068001063,0.0007470647,0.000004500511,0.000053237265],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994797,0.00012668279,0.00004883875,0.00017452441,0.00011444061,0.00005590485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847025,0.0007059891,0.0002619393,0.00015404375,0.00035510148,0.000052675015],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002550637,0.00056120456,0.00039401802,0.0012060542,0.000418747,0.000691763,0.00065965985,0.00031729485,0.00038575658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003527422,0.00027568676,0.00096632104,0.0013477774,0.0003749352,0.000614887,0.0005465736,0.00025892016,0.00004904469],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015767755,0.000038216822,0.6217679,0.000110505396,0.0005597965,0.0003293073,0.0002637904,0.35801962,0.0024279677,0.0009551536,0.0004463621,0.014923718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017658318,0.000043877277,0.692129,0.000025350373,0.00016632167,0.000056756668,0.00015353061,0.30333573,0.0022320068,0.00078334776,0.0010119365,0.000044369724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07833898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.046578296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07833898,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0030010357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010684904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15576601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2345333368","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003343","title":"Temperature sensitivity of soil microbial communities: An application of macromolecular rate theory to microbial respiration","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Algoma University","funders":"Division of Biological Infrastructure; National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; Colorado State University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Edaphic; Soil water; Arrhenius equation; Microbial population biology; Respiration; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Grassland; Chemistry; Respiration rate; Soil science; Environmental science; Biology; Botany; Activation energy","score_opus":0.026109667632301378,"score_gpt":0.2924544340650467,"score_spread":0.2663447664327453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2345333368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6324988,0.0017948152,0.36226812,0.0005704637,0.000065648324,0.00008001711,0.0002338428,0.00032432933,0.0021639832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978153,0.00040287495,0.021107428,0.000040257248,0.000030844767,0.000032818614,0.00005093363,0.000036417223,0.00014539048],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992644,0.00035284064,0.000033663582,0.00018359064,0.0001284354,0.000037001173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980877,0.0012272454,0.00031604173,0.00015163615,0.00015974235,0.00005761918],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022192672,0.0007122176,0.0007152542,0.0011812628,0.0002600401,0.00079801487,0.00092541444,0.00076880044,0.0005079604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0055047246,0.00035724623,0.0010392948,0.00071229396,0.00054900773,0.0011774438,0.00078677473,0.0010589593,0.0001429441],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014132794,0.00017226719,0.046006817,0.00034336632,0.00038157817,0.00024511255,0.0003075872,0.7816455,0.12149361,0.015965847,0.00032322225,0.032973792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000042729116,0.000042002426,0.009787334,0.000008842211,0.000017048294,0.00007021603,0.000032422617,0.9772669,0.0039831717,0.008504527,0.00025960058,0.000023715058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031503595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013178174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0031503595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010902559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003326439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01173681},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2356639972","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003240","title":"Spring bloom dynamics in a subarctic fjord influenced by tidewater outlet glaciers (Godthåbsfjord, SW Greenland)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Vlaamse regering; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; European Commission; ArcticNet","keywords":"Fjord; Oceanography; Upwelling; Spring bloom; Geology; Tidewater; Tidewater glacier cycle; Glacier; Bloom; Environmental science; Phytoplankton; Ice calving; Ecology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.01804998121462827,"score_gpt":0.2734932647104737,"score_spread":0.25544328349584544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2356639972","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997558,0.000034660858,0.000009868758,0.000008744153,0.000003054092,0.0000011332031,0.000088404995,0.0000015081583,0.000096771364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994711,0.000031852134,0.000045134828,0.00001248259,0.0000034444129,0.0000020461023,0.00024208718,0.0000012021076,0.00019059917],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998797,0.000014215565,0.00001335956,0.000029482622,0.00002068751,0.00004250355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967706,0.00003246373,0.00010497446,0.000015893029,0.00006209894,0.00010746509],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030798052,0.00024377217,0.00027864688,0.00074642897,0.000661612,0.00068914605,0.00027173536,0.00031887114,0.000596968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033984048,0.00014592253,0.00024972728,0.00057874917,0.0004267437,0.00017394837,0.00044311667,0.00017687293,0.00011279297],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000095662166,0.000039624498,0.9938134,0.000015714573,0.000042713422,0.00035093815,0.0005612898,0.00023103543,0.0024941135,0.00001876381,0.00019002771,0.0021467186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014857173,0.000008352535,0.99946433,0.0000025344252,0.0000052573287,0.000014192243,0.00028263553,0.00011332423,0.00003288232,0.0000022827637,0.00007177927,9.307034e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1935567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.37597167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1935567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013729046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008543187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38486016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2374049418","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003201","title":"Catchment influence on nitrate and dissolved organic matter in Alaskan streams across a latitudinal gradient","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Biogeochemical cycle; Soil water; Boreal; Arctic; Drainage basin; Vegetation (pathology); Hydrology (agriculture); STREAMS; Taiga; Catchment hydrology; Organic matter; Physical geography; Ecology; Soil science; Geology; Environmental chemistry; Oceanography; Chemistry; Geography","score_opus":0.05189146912285291,"score_gpt":0.333822337075028,"score_spread":0.2819308679521751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2374049418","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999731,0.000046330024,0.000017993687,0.000005856041,9.3653864e-7,7.5984235e-7,0.000050227452,0.0000011797706,0.00014575353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999811,0.00003379564,0.000023187387,0.0000038026335,0.0000012719249,0.0000013970055,0.00006585861,5.449284e-7,0.00005908889],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998103,0.00006269266,0.000015965154,0.000052292784,0.00003069901,0.000027984894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920267,0.00022205981,0.00025253787,0.00003288108,0.0001404142,0.000149413],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047261897,0.0001033561,0.00015271983,0.0005535917,0.0003239407,0.0006385411,0.00011739089,0.00017257074,0.00059174583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010152714,0.00010735243,0.00017500778,0.00074508437,0.00027825,0.00020708049,0.0003509269,0.000109873625,0.000057119625],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031643314,0.000010655167,0.99787295,0.000004804749,0.000027541444,0.000045915123,0.0001987522,0.00016087465,0.0007652762,0.000019899317,0.000023747303,0.00083781575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.395215e-7,0.0000057164875,0.99959487,0.0000020115194,0.0000059714116,0.000015504535,0.00016003591,0.00013832556,0.000027387981,0.000009815034,0.000038833474,9.271641e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025018057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.059609722,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025018057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035466737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029798318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.049744904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2405850207","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003439","title":"Oxalate formation under the hyperarid conditions of the Atacama desert as a mineral marker to provide clues to the source of organic carbon on Mars","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; Brock University","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Canadian Space Agency; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Winnipeg; Strong; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Halite; Oxalate; Jarosite; Mineral; Chemistry; Mars Exploration Program; Mineralogy; Geology; Astrobiology; Gypsum; Inorganic chemistry; Biology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.03321486997514837,"score_gpt":0.30607115072251617,"score_spread":0.2728562807473678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2405850207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990482,0.00015942026,0.000079750236,0.000009704381,0.000001606015,0.0000041496555,0.00014263639,0.000003533727,0.00055103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990958,0.00009415228,0.00025279855,0.000015477208,0.000002835419,0.000004191057,0.00018645957,0.0000021609028,0.00034609364],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999491,0.000005027145,0.0000033057925,0.000019993522,0.000012187274,0.000010366787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999168,0.000008783105,0.000026782425,0.0000068765116,0.00001948015,0.000021279911],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000091675036,0.00015991376,0.00018569684,0.00055403373,0.00046390758,0.000500639,0.00022054178,0.0001810868,0.00090641796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010824942,0.00010288763,0.0000972661,0.00039915278,0.00026085536,0.00021939163,0.0002921105,0.00019567247,0.00011170772],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029808612,0.000036101657,0.40317956,0.000117349045,0.00007424746,0.0003648972,0.0005028565,0.0002461181,0.58988816,0.00008333881,0.00007697274,0.0051323334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000058765922,0.000040215287,0.9882556,0.000003991072,0.000012810746,0.000094810464,0.0003995488,0.00030540756,0.010187211,0.000023911722,0.0006672675,0.0000033920696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009851797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017309947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009851797,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003432254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019776006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019588888},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2437837508","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003333","title":"Biofilm growth in gravel bed streams controls solute residence time distributions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leading Edge Endowment Fund; National Science Foundation","keywords":"STREAMS; Biofilm; Benthic zone; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Substrate (aquarium); Hyporheic zone; Flow conditions; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Flow (mathematics); Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Surface water; Geology; Environmental engineering; Biology; Bacteria","score_opus":0.023148622534369095,"score_gpt":0.29389622213972716,"score_spread":0.27074759960535805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2437837508","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996296,0.000055989327,0.00013101542,0.00000649556,0.0000012058556,0.0000038145422,0.000040743744,0.0000030133444,0.0001281579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99927527,0.00006556169,0.0003351594,0.000007931447,0.0000010691026,0.000005107194,0.00006353911,0.0000021113515,0.00024423184],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988437,0.000016731427,0.000006762029,0.00003786022,0.000027649145,0.000026573192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997502,0.00006590618,0.00006176699,0.0000083843615,0.00004849996,0.00006522991],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021385062,0.00016754487,0.00021307498,0.00027030567,0.0003490394,0.0010083959,0.00013903779,0.00020825567,0.00075878215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004160344,0.00018963369,0.0001291845,0.00017090065,0.00026045027,0.0002947719,0.00033257256,0.00026676286,0.00008418432],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033021718,0.00010433074,0.06360936,0.000049765986,0.000023046774,0.00006369368,0.00025559758,0.0012237476,0.92929024,0.00014447847,0.00010432328,0.004801279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000052710107,0.0007402078,0.76712084,0.000030860923,0.00006341309,0.00010067535,0.0010847595,0.026821207,0.20244332,0.00032189363,0.0011861318,0.000034011275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0103568705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014588898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0103568705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006065978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044559353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020593166},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2507421370","doi":"10.1002/2015jg002939","title":"Interannual and seasonal variabilities in air‐sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes along the U.S. eastern continental shelf and their sensitivity to increasing air temperatures and variable winds","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Continental shelf; Sink (geography); Environmental science; Oceanography; Biogeochemical cycle; Mesoscale meteorology; Climatology; Forcing (mathematics); Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.018389969507839603,"score_gpt":0.25505503560285103,"score_spread":0.23666506609501142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2507421370","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994306,0.000016711383,0.00011693343,0.0000318871,0.000002849163,0.0000014794604,0.00018947561,0.00001346045,0.00019655448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995802,0.000014753594,0.000082659324,0.000009556793,0.0000013059953,0.000001942495,0.0002695522,0.0000019281802,0.00003814301],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985766,0.000041402152,0.0000128354795,0.000039200528,0.000021493333,0.000027393115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995552,0.00020365384,0.00008242559,0.00005230682,0.00006213858,0.000044310207],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004667175,0.0002782967,0.00018765726,0.0002624702,0.0003010876,0.0006165172,0.00022949818,0.0004262751,0.0006291623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008355312,0.00026918232,0.0004790186,0.00038942284,0.000285592,0.0003162864,0.00027476833,0.0002847657,0.00006710459],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029405998,0.000107179556,0.7499142,0.000028616465,0.00038680263,0.00023704511,0.000091042726,0.23402429,0.009286978,0.0003792326,0.0008207717,0.004429788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029666691,0.000085803724,0.78204435,0.000007643941,0.00007003857,0.0000656491,0.00011633637,0.21526082,0.0017297836,0.00024731405,0.00032067296,0.00002188549],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037826933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.050545618,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037826933,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005634479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002851985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07521349},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2507859403","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003253","title":"The effectiveness and resilience of phosphorus management practices in the Lake Simcoe watershed, Ontario, Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; University of Saskatchewan; Ministry of Environment; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Watershed; Surface runoff; Hydrology (agriculture); Climate change; Drainage basin; Baseline (sea); Water resource management; Ecology; Geography; Computer science","score_opus":0.01764165461016363,"score_gpt":0.2863374231036334,"score_spread":0.26869576849346977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2507859403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99706024,0.000096068834,0.00016481563,0.0001641917,0.0000015234045,0.00002538342,0.00039137536,0.000014770027,0.0020817015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99901056,0.000069595466,0.00022622141,0.000012883962,6.3924887e-7,0.000007701278,0.00015337489,0.0000025401303,0.00051644805],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999532,0.00004267081,0.000017578863,0.000088827655,0.00017625102,0.00014266818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99896884,0.00010999885,0.00018585217,0.000035295918,0.0005152571,0.0001847315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049187586,0.00021668202,0.00021245706,0.0007592881,0.0014621121,0.0009869542,0.0006834011,0.00019253585,0.0009024914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019049793,0.00016362361,0.00026257656,0.0012737317,0.001018796,0.00039550828,0.00074646843,0.00017686297,0.000045410427],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020105833,0.000067777095,0.956031,0.000111888636,0.00015772539,0.0002596254,0.0027610231,0.012113789,0.0032257137,0.00087816746,0.0018263883,0.02236591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016126,0.00003838805,0.98215437,0.000025631238,0.00004061119,0.000029619156,0.0026751813,0.012151528,0.00049520464,0.00016344909,0.002189605,0.000020341344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9916535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99698216,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03927325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03927325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02755945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2849487},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2508379158","doi":"10.1002/2015jg003193","title":"Spatial and seasonal variabilities of the stable carbon isotope composition of soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and flux in complex terrain","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Environmental science; Soil water; Spatial variability; Soil respiration; Biogeochemical cycle; Spatial distribution; Flux (metallurgy); Soil carbon; Soil science; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Carbon cycle; Spatial heterogeneity; Spatial ecology; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.02711149374860116,"score_gpt":0.2693880057935412,"score_spread":0.24227651204494005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2508379158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998584,0.000005182654,0.00004833237,0.0000024870583,1.564405e-7,5.1999245e-7,0.000025628646,0.0000022475558,0.000056967918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998172,0.000004556083,0.000081091595,0.0000019137965,6.0093885e-7,0.000001347405,0.00006570569,0.0000011840882,0.000026384725],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999391,0.000012521564,0.00000354431,0.000024091518,0.0000089860105,0.00001173351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965024,0.00012118038,0.00010230565,0.000025863712,0.000059937116,0.000040403917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013336468,0.000097135315,0.00015713781,0.0006558957,0.00022550728,0.00033563894,0.000160311,0.00014847603,0.00039900918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037567204,0.00012494718,0.00010375801,0.0004972232,0.00035632227,0.00014528885,0.00018880863,0.00012006913,0.000054283002],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027554337,0.000060197544,0.91403866,0.000016089423,0.00008881015,0.00016865665,0.00035350703,0.0016455885,0.0776726,0.000057071014,0.00007048379,0.0055528083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018375717,0.0000098077835,0.998007,4.796107e-7,0.0000043552536,0.000031533204,0.00006117892,0.0013312761,0.0005019705,0.00001645737,0.000032186555,0.000001904919],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014381545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028565764,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014381545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026938462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012011987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028595686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2509740196","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003501","title":"Modeling hydrological controls on variations in peat water content, water table depth, and surface energy exchange of a boreal western Canadian fen peatland","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge; University of Alberta; Alberta Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","funders":"Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; University of Alberta","keywords":"Peat; Evapotranspiration; Environmental science; Water table; Hydrology (agriculture); Boreal; Water content; Growing season; Water balance; Groundwater recharge; Sensible heat; Atmospheric sciences; Groundwater; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.050357287570598416,"score_gpt":0.2828904017774086,"score_spread":0.23253311420681017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2509740196","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981154,0.000014369301,0.0008192326,0.000024085175,0.0000020339792,0.000007368344,0.00016329758,0.000043922915,0.000810232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99889946,0.000014512561,0.0007548527,0.0000062679974,5.968973e-7,0.0000049940813,0.00011100199,0.000005866748,0.00020241016],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999254,0.00000878355,0.0000027072515,0.00001908336,0.000012366677,0.000031637293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998497,0.000042086423,0.000019461928,0.00001313352,0.00004378408,0.00003194937],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023470286,0.0004091885,0.00017417244,0.00023810202,0.0006046298,0.0005146931,0.00062795245,0.0003004986,0.00054477114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046937657,0.00023054825,0.00036473275,0.0002048871,0.00039817454,0.00030897543,0.00027681506,0.00028489935,0.000036378453],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008929824,0.00008625327,0.041908875,0.000016563645,0.000053188232,0.00007089205,0.00006892494,0.9449296,0.007971813,0.0005852829,0.0002476212,0.0039716433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019563602,0.000028862853,0.03233212,0.0000029705068,0.000022586155,0.000008425804,0.000058272544,0.96548784,0.0015782383,0.00012556034,0.0003215102,0.00001401489],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8850073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.87752014,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11499268,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0048798453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004712508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23133975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2515251504","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003403","title":"Microbial consortia controlling biogenic gas formation in the Qaidam Basin of western China","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Archaea; Halophile; Microbial population biology; 16S ribosomal RNA; Environmental chemistry; Euryarchaeota; Biology; Chemistry; Bacteria; Paleontology","score_opus":0.028921334979006147,"score_gpt":0.3009848451647251,"score_spread":0.27206351018571895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2515251504","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99964964,0.00010888119,0.00007099955,0.00001114634,7.447796e-7,0.0000047067206,0.000072548704,0.000002040078,0.00007927721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99946636,0.000059378704,0.0001623199,0.000012816172,0.0000019000189,0.0000060756956,0.00016354228,7.8792243e-7,0.00012673705],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998363,0.000019408566,0.000013541303,0.00005468335,0.00003828845,0.00003772311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998293,0.000020631025,0.00005515223,0.0000070823453,0.000056983758,0.000030767325],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035116967,0.00044839273,0.00040305368,0.0012954596,0.0007337962,0.0005101147,0.00028495365,0.00034644132,0.00026509832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002750383,0.00031749456,0.00021417979,0.0011012575,0.0005294585,0.00033432004,0.0004880176,0.00012743226,0.000044247598],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021288282,0.00004232322,0.7699731,0.00021775896,0.000078027304,0.00037873382,0.002531816,0.0010609108,0.21591385,0.00015681762,0.0000926484,0.009341215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008836983,0.00004405062,0.9954721,0.000009582799,0.000016871189,0.000049002087,0.0006881994,0.0010222346,0.0023945647,0.00004420532,0.00024346732,0.000006979119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.042486895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04431702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042486895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008258408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009787901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08447921},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2516564951","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003411","title":"Snow‐covered soils produce N<sub>2</sub>O that is lost from forested catchments","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Forest Service","keywords":"Snowpack; Snowmelt; Soil water; Snow; Environmental science; Biogeochemical cycle; Hydrology (agriculture); Drainage basin; Atmosphere (unit); Nitrous oxide; Primary production; Temperate climate; Soil science; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Chemistry; Geology; Ecosystem; Geography","score_opus":0.03823367334739629,"score_gpt":0.29568916170126225,"score_spread":0.25745548835386595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2516564951","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99961925,0.000031392254,0.00006063967,0.0000043653195,5.473251e-7,0.0000013441111,0.00007071622,0.0000038360777,0.00020786119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996532,0.00003772832,0.00008366125,0.000004450703,0.0000018468572,0.0000014636549,0.00012486608,0.0000019039768,0.00009091863],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999443,0.000009061002,0.000004388858,0.000011137701,0.00001487135,0.000016131402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988055,0.00002404441,0.000041232048,0.000006766074,0.000017788394,0.000029581164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012438098,0.000121350924,0.00022461115,0.00035224028,0.00031468747,0.0004419353,0.00011110019,0.00011125104,0.0007329492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016921606,0.000105663676,0.00013669704,0.0003596058,0.00023018211,0.00022576803,0.0002454839,0.00005928714,0.00011386542],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044333673,0.000059706956,0.79162127,0.00010888062,0.00010393087,0.0006184133,0.00044434704,0.0017654387,0.19508904,0.00010516822,0.00013755716,0.009502869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000067681044,0.000050020346,0.99576074,0.000003196273,0.000008979151,0.00010201913,0.00016388689,0.00096028944,0.0025339327,0.000074546515,0.00033346278,0.0000021399862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008252597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015340723,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008252597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033558233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002585755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0164091},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2516614713","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003452","title":"Quantifying peat carbon accumulation in Alaska using a process‐based biogeochemistry model","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Purdue University; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Peat; Holocene; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil carbon; Water table; Carbon cycle; Carbon fibers; Ecosystem; Vegetation (pathology); Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Physical geography; Climatology; Soil science; Geology; Groundwater; Ecology; Soil water; Oceanography; Geography","score_opus":0.12963774868848082,"score_gpt":0.398508726437557,"score_spread":0.2688709777490762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2516614713","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99447095,0.00004440691,0.004424336,0.000041339325,0.0000054214943,0.000007313056,0.0001302183,0.000071636554,0.00080432504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99867946,0.000021432268,0.001110444,0.0000045436477,0.0000017164654,0.0000066160774,0.000060285845,0.0000032045475,0.00011226782],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999124,0.000029381135,0.0000064283295,0.000026357206,0.000012649691,0.000012799497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976486,0.00010649973,0.000039686358,0.00002283817,0.00003892232,0.00002715739],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046482097,0.00048037848,0.00030647937,0.00034163232,0.00043874496,0.00064783153,0.00052269566,0.00054455834,0.00049709145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069495494,0.0003185931,0.0005190453,0.00028709814,0.00034863,0.0005998779,0.0003731311,0.00037633587,0.000045882327],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021908034,0.000024348192,0.013119998,0.0000058816568,0.00003213333,0.000025419045,0.000015284968,0.98490083,0.0008954632,0.0002893746,0.000021199434,0.0006480556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000063197435,0.000020775347,0.00450665,0.0000021840222,0.0000140771435,0.000005880613,0.000013693114,0.99486864,0.00030249823,0.00019228636,0.00006179824,0.0000052163327],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09150529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04920677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09150529,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015838412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009131256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18194532},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2530063950","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003478","title":"Ultrahigh‐resolution mapping of peatland microform using ground‐based structure from motion with multiview stereo","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan; Society of Wetland Scientists","keywords":"Photogrammetry; Structure from motion; Remote sensing; Peat; Vegetation (pathology); Computer science; Computer vision; Environmental science; Artificial intelligence; Motion (physics); Geology; Geography; Archaeology","score_opus":0.04347611620576036,"score_gpt":0.29933162462898544,"score_spread":0.2558555084232251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2530063950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9125697,0.00005802797,0.0835082,0.000041283478,0.000011409953,0.00005607741,0.0007301938,0.00049783924,0.0025272286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90629125,0.000021239872,0.092971854,0.00001177029,0.0000045001243,0.000016821778,0.0003280793,0.000024053885,0.0003303921],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997714,0.000028399394,0.0000065383483,0.000039988656,0.00012578892,0.00002796833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976724,0.000048270893,0.000030584077,0.00003730993,0.00009366432,0.000022828295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038278312,0.00014314489,0.00017397574,0.0009383587,0.00014995232,0.00030284142,0.00028631717,0.00013457019,0.0011623756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005060778,0.00016329552,0.00022369175,0.0006295578,0.00013748778,0.00032939285,0.0005111551,0.00016031085,0.00019422796],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035895998,0.00023619506,0.072612934,0.00018242438,0.00012139701,0.00013821505,0.00041713877,0.08240952,0.47412628,0.00084217713,0.0013974744,0.36715725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006230281,0.00029781263,0.30862623,0.0000338051,0.000056576835,0.0002540653,0.00031985884,0.60285157,0.083292924,0.0010096849,0.0031330092,0.00006212719],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012372261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.034792267,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012372261,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003565076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040641072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024600506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2531434203","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003387","title":"Redox dynamics in the active layer of an Arctic headwater catchment; examining the potential for transfer of dissolved methane from soils to stream water","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Aurora Research Institute","keywords":"Soil water; Methane; Permafrost; Environmental science; Anaerobic oxidation of methane; Hydrology (agriculture); Methanogenesis; Environmental chemistry; Soil science; Geology; Chemistry; Oceanography","score_opus":0.08091266857296266,"score_gpt":0.3376602855951643,"score_spread":0.25674761702220167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2531434203","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998179,0.000012434242,0.000020175685,0.0000059117338,3.0916155e-7,0.0000022349311,0.000058533984,0.0000013058125,0.00008121997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99970764,0.000028935343,0.00007481381,0.0000063582456,9.407499e-7,0.0000025236398,0.00008640211,8.516127e-7,0.00009148713],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991596,0.000013968412,0.0000031146315,0.000016386062,0.000020546926,0.00003012769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982256,0.000022348277,0.000026830978,0.000005191521,0.00005203236,0.00007100744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019649566,0.00017963361,0.00026006665,0.00053366565,0.000983545,0.0008200649,0.00029952466,0.0002483641,0.00042923138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032338162,0.0001518638,0.00015409073,0.0008164319,0.00043773587,0.00020507084,0.00040483172,0.0002037387,0.000048323793],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035257053,0.00014667907,0.97126466,0.000026445186,0.00006179305,0.00033908995,0.0018683835,0.0010808735,0.020604722,0.000101634374,0.00011726617,0.0040358407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005685324,0.000029192248,0.99664885,0.0000024341898,0.000011280069,0.00002415255,0.00095440866,0.001623603,0.00052444416,0.00002277711,0.00014925498,0.0000039988704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.602169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6661931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.602169,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0025247904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014599124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80034786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2531863293","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003431","title":"DOM composition and transformation in boreal forest soils: The effects of temperature and organic‐horizon decomposition state","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Division of Materials Research; U.S. Geological Survey; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Soil water; Organic matter; Soil organic matter; Decomposition; Fractionation; Leachate; Soil science; Geology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.008977593157299131,"score_gpt":0.25862661231618955,"score_spread":0.24964901915889043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2531863293","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992987,0.00018279119,0.00014641689,0.0000067046453,0.0000032244523,0.0000060769307,0.00018192825,0.0000040160694,0.00017017162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991178,0.00010228685,0.00034487163,0.000014558586,0.0000030152612,0.000010985195,0.00022711602,0.0000035523788,0.00017592814],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999853,0.000020172893,0.000014197667,0.00005924813,0.00002756687,0.000025821166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998159,0.000029659474,0.000057506975,0.000011183611,0.000042101256,0.000043786735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033393013,0.0003049245,0.00022703383,0.00023790868,0.00036101585,0.00055267534,0.00013967256,0.00023440208,0.00028065237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019098773,0.00016476477,0.00025773843,0.00016434523,0.00028815772,0.00031763955,0.00017616349,0.00025069152,0.00006608736],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006804422,0.000079550315,0.07732047,0.00005495322,0.000055000823,0.000050529674,0.00013059912,0.00026321708,0.91879386,0.00002762315,0.000029051254,0.0025147581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000076573515,0.00030159907,0.9398378,0.0000064206765,0.000024028255,0.000069831345,0.00023125441,0.001006052,0.05815313,0.00004331385,0.0003073353,0.000011604156],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013383125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015786562,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013383125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004938043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025618565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026610434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2535499357","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003440","title":"Climatic sensitivity, water‐use efficiency, and growth decline in boreal jack pine (<i>Pinus banksiana</i>) forests in Northern Ontario","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Forest Research Institute; Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; University of Guelph","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Boreal; Taiga; Climate change; Water-use efficiency; Precipitation; Photosynthetic capacity; Carbon dioxide; Photosynthesis; Growing season; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Forestry; Biology; Geography; Botany; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.019498273585757543,"score_gpt":0.2652671139800636,"score_spread":0.24576884039430605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2535499357","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994856,0.000039826835,0.000019219771,0.000010334339,6.6516236e-7,0.0000023562202,0.000185617,0.0000016397194,0.00025465642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99945694,0.000039901763,0.000035377747,0.000005446785,5.810131e-7,0.0000027042086,0.00017225918,8.962652e-7,0.0002858489],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999132,0.000006283952,0.000004782457,0.000020427238,0.00002346535,0.00003182568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971145,0.000023254435,0.00008358087,0.000010682253,0.00008365097,0.0000873835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012601737,0.00011782748,0.00014620526,0.000328141,0.00057647546,0.00037446633,0.00020814787,0.00010326752,0.0005301102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002883669,0.00012951654,0.00010513622,0.00047763757,0.0002673775,0.00012911136,0.0001990935,0.000111604124,0.00007486572],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013484039,0.000023207816,0.9858316,0.000023826882,0.000031053918,0.00015652487,0.00123892,0.00021670749,0.00916964,0.0000305556,0.00018482824,0.0029581995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.7126807e-7,0.0000052452215,0.999401,9.614819e-7,0.0000023907137,0.000013992528,0.00030530928,0.000048881822,0.00005944905,0.0000025226996,0.00015849134,9.510926e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8911321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.97728765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10886788,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0034819813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017490642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21901798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2541961784","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003464","title":"Fluvial carbon export from a lowland Amazonian rainforest in relation to atmospheric fluxes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Sixth Framework Programme; Scottish Alliance for Geoscience, Environment and Society","keywords":"Fluvial; Environmental science; Drainage basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Eddy covariance; Total organic carbon; Tributary; Particulates; Carbon sink; Dissolved organic carbon; Carbon cycle; Ecosystem; Environmental chemistry; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Chemistry; Climate change; Ecology; Structural basin; Geomorphology; Oceanography; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.022259241062389773,"score_gpt":0.2895682052357995,"score_spread":0.26730896417340977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2541961784","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999481,0.00002963563,0.0001093793,0.00001677007,4.927061e-7,0.0000021492933,0.00016847599,0.0000074661266,0.00018467767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99959975,0.0000189825,0.0001299555,0.0000065182385,0.0000018931944,0.0000026626742,0.00017993839,0.0000032974094,0.000056967307],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999331,0.000012652668,0.0000064110086,0.000018250572,0.000016169695,0.000013364008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996896,0.00008476231,0.00007152079,0.000019628811,0.00008610147,0.00004845093],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000204985,0.00022660154,0.00023327438,0.00064962765,0.00039602947,0.00060187664,0.00023846576,0.00016369132,0.00078669447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000553789,0.00012295014,0.00017051796,0.0005480855,0.00024414714,0.00031115764,0.00021649202,0.00013550476,0.00008106011],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000062337764,0.000020650441,0.98300505,0.00002788638,0.000053528085,0.00021632593,0.00018836137,0.001367498,0.011225947,0.00009500643,0.00007337776,0.003664126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005743761,0.000012067274,0.9947627,0.000003545462,0.000012909494,0.000056589928,0.000086634005,0.004208913,0.00057930377,0.00005089872,0.00021775051,0.000002927081],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036483865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.049441963,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036483865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006951781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002306439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.072542965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2549949215","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003549","title":"Low contribution of internal metabolism to carbon dioxide emissions along lotic and lentic environments of a Mediterranean fluvial network","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; FPInnovations","keywords":"River ecosystem; Lake ecosystem; Fluvial; Mediterranean climate; Carbon dioxide; Environmental science; Ecology; Ecosystem; Biology; Paleontology; Structural basin","score_opus":0.019678320628766215,"score_gpt":0.26698616269550673,"score_spread":0.24730784206674053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2549949215","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996458,0.000013622531,0.00010443856,0.000003295254,3.8538886e-7,0.0000015601375,0.000079585916,0.000008645665,0.00014264362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99972206,0.000010181692,0.00010784302,0.0000016182995,7.793857e-7,0.0000015518201,0.00011519299,0.000002506873,0.000038218193],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999913,0.000012521106,0.0000070803308,0.00003627541,0.000011003599,0.000020200325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997892,0.00005992167,0.000054869877,0.000016077696,0.000048126836,0.000031907854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001944926,0.0002961143,0.0001933241,0.00077351945,0.00027557008,0.0008316665,0.0002603949,0.00031052373,0.0006479177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060145283,0.00014313984,0.0003280393,0.00048710458,0.00034269065,0.00029032605,0.0003672393,0.00008043141,0.000056793848],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011586867,0.000040043942,0.9166283,0.000046691668,0.00017615386,0.00022770258,0.00016567421,0.062358443,0.011503586,0.00017277642,0.0001443689,0.008420373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007945872,0.000030338373,0.9089852,0.0000066022594,0.00003517434,0.00005561826,0.00015568343,0.08949265,0.0009383264,0.00008642269,0.0001949868,0.000011090147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023226306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020866556,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023226306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006168869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025396043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.046182275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2552074158","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003518","title":"Quantitative, nondestructive estimates of coarse root biomass in a temperate pine forest using 3‐D ground‐penetrating radar (GPR)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; McMaster University Medical Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Biomass (ecology); Soil science; Water content; Environmental science; Temperate climate; Sampling (signal processing); Volume (thermodynamics); Radar; Allometry; Geology; Remote sensing; Botany; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Biology; Optics","score_opus":0.08549683974532714,"score_gpt":0.39174743559708497,"score_spread":0.30625059585175785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2552074158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964657,0.000078684425,0.003168052,0.0000021014596,6.3544724e-7,0.00000457242,0.00012013606,0.000027363472,0.00013283816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953387,0.00004031269,0.004389703,0.000003771854,0.0000015137591,0.0000065995696,0.00012282495,0.000004804463,0.00009169584],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999107,0.000011055441,0.0000048254915,0.000034304467,0.000029753117,0.000009302622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980575,0.00007081965,0.000039722894,0.000018435867,0.000043189742,0.000022152302],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002319855,0.00020933768,0.00016801074,0.00054342125,0.000109576176,0.00021832802,0.00017969667,0.00017335164,0.00024051007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030729774,0.00012336328,0.00010725134,0.00018968829,0.00013887191,0.00020265413,0.000115511415,0.00010769622,0.00009007564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032951945,0.00006400735,0.117359385,0.000078461446,0.000032256852,0.00016945426,0.00019375552,0.0038765632,0.85531163,0.000052361283,0.000048199032,0.022484438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013193207,0.00017248515,0.96184105,0.000005452646,0.000021807402,0.00019227894,0.00012746624,0.013439873,0.023897665,0.000095020005,0.00017741579,0.000016270305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004371029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0052455678,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004371029,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119549775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006264003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008691132},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2555730406","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003528","title":"Growth dynamics of black spruce (<i>Picea mariana</i>) in a rapidly thawing discontinuous permafrost peatland","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Aurora Research Institute","keywords":"Permafrost; Black spruce; Taiga; Boreal; Active layer; Environmental science; Peat; Climate change; Wetland; Ecology; Forest dynamics; Abiotic component; Physical geography; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.02716670803491389,"score_gpt":0.28704825726711636,"score_spread":0.25988154923220247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2555730406","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998203,0.000009686426,0.00001863228,0.0000018008143,3.7115188e-7,9.735328e-7,0.00006384304,0.0000023904306,0.00008197148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996269,0.000013457266,0.00008759061,0.0000047913895,9.515689e-7,0.000003434027,0.0001380639,0.0000014096013,0.00012329083],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99995995,0.000006625015,0.0000022463266,0.000014809931,0.0000063744114,0.0000099821655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981827,0.00003107911,0.000050048835,0.000010019118,0.000029049977,0.00006155026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016376347,0.00021239163,0.00014437574,0.0005130906,0.00029249728,0.00029007372,0.00020713579,0.0001630441,0.0004206133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016894456,0.00009622235,0.00013736394,0.0002091304,0.00017961564,0.00017999746,0.00021588191,0.00015520849,0.00013736184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023041971,0.00010437532,0.9564137,0.000019656725,0.00004229477,0.00025731517,0.0006152805,0.0004999858,0.036819167,0.00002996498,0.000109779736,0.004858048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000013163376,0.000047889996,0.9987866,0.0000010551107,0.0000040402806,0.00003958111,0.00016964655,0.00032311585,0.00055307767,0.000005180941,0.00006699513,0.0000013931793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01141264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028257122,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01141264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003467025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012576095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022692442},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2557971747","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003591","title":"Ground heat flux: An analytical review of 6 models evaluated at 88 sites and globally","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment Canada; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Virginia; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Georgian National Science Foundation; Université Laval; Natural Resources Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Microsoft Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"FluxNet; Evapotranspiration; Environmental science; Sensible heat; Range (aeronautics); Energy balance; Latent heat; Flux (metallurgy); Meteorology; Climatology; Heat flux; Atmospheric sciences; Heat transfer; Geography; Eddy covariance; Physics; Ecosystem; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.06816272022784244,"score_gpt":0.35504207584059105,"score_spread":0.28687935561274863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2557971747","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1391973,0.6573913,0.1312803,0.0042453436,0.0009027004,0.0002936842,0.011148462,0.0026294948,0.052911375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.45779693,0.45319423,0.07387596,0.0008098879,0.0006646767,0.00030060756,0.006650933,0.0017114858,0.004995312],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993093,0.00014244935,0.00008648547,0.00019212853,0.00022782496,0.00004187536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99757844,0.0013496892,0.00018077406,0.00015699407,0.00069503085,0.00003913314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028538161,0.0017285632,0.0009734394,0.0044633765,0.0004116067,0.0017702685,0.0019477403,0.0006679269,0.0015804033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0040541934,0.0009449152,0.0020878152,0.005609342,0.0004394827,0.0023049465,0.0007166219,0.00083086966,0.0006257992],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001721653,0.000111755646,0.039757628,0.006494183,0.001377704,0.00022924363,0.00040629075,0.2430417,0.0023573707,0.014966315,0.02580494,0.66528064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000062771775,0.00050286646,0.08472942,0.011774699,0.003060758,0.0007268887,0.0008033347,0.34523755,0.011728195,0.019945154,0.5209406,0.00048773337],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025363924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017787045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025363924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023087382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016604838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.050432563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560826749","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003546","title":"Interactions among vegetation, climate, and herbivory control greenhouse gas fluxes in a subarctic coastal wetland","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Arctic Sciences; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Environmental science; Herbivore; Greenhouse gas; Wetland; Climate change; Ecology; Vegetation (pathology); Ecosystem; Population; Plant community; Atmospheric sciences; Ecological succession; Biology","score_opus":0.01737473800661254,"score_gpt":0.29301752586336965,"score_spread":0.2756427878567571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2560826749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99993277,0.000008772631,0.00001651029,0.0000014795587,1.512279e-7,5.315602e-7,0.000009828029,6.642596e-7,0.000029378765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998646,0.000009860292,0.000066842935,0.0000024771743,3.5915014e-7,0.0000010344121,0.000019939129,3.3235855e-7,0.000034595207],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999411,0.00001562845,0.000004864224,0.000018029627,0.0000066964144,0.0000136985045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979657,0.000047017078,0.00005352606,0.000012706742,0.000028565506,0.00006160483],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018124157,0.00014130567,0.00018757622,0.00035958114,0.0004989057,0.0004029899,0.00014475633,0.00012077602,0.0004311189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019814566,0.00012273403,0.00015497277,0.0002652427,0.00036933323,0.00017330553,0.0003462003,0.00010096593,0.000034667795],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009934401,0.000050912855,0.97886705,0.000013759619,0.00005515507,0.000086911234,0.00047138453,0.00035813078,0.018185856,0.000033832865,0.000028971477,0.001748628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.2765714e-7,0.000015648347,0.9990415,0.0000011791143,0.000007868882,0.000019313553,0.00033555808,0.00042129034,0.00011539673,0.000011977027,0.000027996195,0.0000013025419],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.035386924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09402373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.035386924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004387604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002831881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07036191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2565716344","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003455","title":"Winter respiratory C losses provide explanatory power for net ecosystem productivity","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Russian Science Foundation; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Explanatory power; Productivity; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Power (physics); Natural resource economics; Economics; Ecology; Biology; Physics; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.03382890686521271,"score_gpt":0.30252061250948065,"score_spread":0.2686917056442679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2565716344","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978345,0.00019334687,0.0012345433,0.000051614243,0.0000074234645,0.0000028228797,0.0002883433,0.000026520434,0.00036093837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994887,0.000027248692,0.00016714308,0.0000049226114,0.0000064810442,0.0000012381824,0.00021507943,0.0000037468435,0.00008548271],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966013,0.0001424533,0.000021686645,0.00008164077,0.000040901145,0.000053158208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950328,0.0034049428,0.0006227209,0.0003272477,0.0002644684,0.00034775306],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017121221,0.00053424557,0.00028367422,0.0006679218,0.0001796069,0.00080820447,0.00030740147,0.00033672014,0.0017646302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004575849,0.00022586556,0.00048625492,0.00046736683,0.00027350828,0.00052283047,0.0006001742,0.0004416643,0.00028283705],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011640692,0.000020748817,0.9908664,0.0000142170675,0.0002068369,0.000047874462,0.000050959818,0.0022517776,0.00094250136,0.000070219125,0.00012898778,0.00528302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000029299788,0.000025364607,0.9852417,0.0000058822334,0.000034117293,0.000035414174,0.00006473769,0.014027706,0.00019879303,0.00021942625,0.00013761786,0.0000062359445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046325447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043882346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0046325447,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001516531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017760943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009211123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2580198553","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003384","title":"Terrestrial ecosystem model performance in simulating productivity and its vulnerability to climate change in the northern permafrost region","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"European Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; Seventh Framework Programme; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Victoria; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Climate change; Vulnerability (computing); Productivity; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Physical geography; Environmental resource management; Terrestrial ecosystem; Climatology; Geography; Ecology; Geology; Oceanography; Computer science; Economics","score_opus":0.18657582144894228,"score_gpt":0.3720168047123609,"score_spread":0.18544098326341865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2580198553","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99747425,0.000056675715,0.00078333635,0.000058252324,0.0000059632343,0.000008276431,0.00033129365,0.0000939422,0.0011880046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99864763,0.000033223878,0.00083641644,0.000016019401,0.000002652667,0.000015209129,0.00026085845,0.00001278293,0.00017524569],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997366,0.000121513855,0.000019721454,0.00005424639,0.000025366064,0.00004256301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988869,0.00070403353,0.00010762743,0.00007547272,0.00013497366,0.000090985406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012857052,0.00083773874,0.0005337862,0.00054293405,0.0004787938,0.00083829573,0.00093299453,0.0010168334,0.0009918772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021774552,0.00036725172,0.0007764931,0.00058921694,0.00037757077,0.00066851306,0.00035597305,0.0004531464,0.00011540737],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010955053,0.00006178471,0.02014415,0.000013812681,0.0000844058,0.000049588012,0.00002741434,0.97704643,0.00049683324,0.00012440342,0.00014765866,0.0016939961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000049174243,0.0000826851,0.00803281,0.0000064398814,0.000033465807,0.00002145962,0.00004569141,0.99099684,0.00044384258,0.00014390027,0.00013265124,0.000011012911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.062690414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03366663,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062690414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001550833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010148459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.124651015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2582941287","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003615","title":"Erosion of organic carbon from the Andes and its effects on ecosystem carbon dioxide balance","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Clarendon Fund; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Avatar Alliance Foundation; Cargill Foundation; Margaret A. Cargill Foundation; European Commission; European Research Council; Jackson Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; W. M. Keck Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Total organic carbon; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Amazon rainforest; Drainage basin; Sediment; Carbon sink; Carbon dioxide; Carbon cycle; Discharge; Ecosystem; Sink (geography); Biosphere; Geology; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Geography; Chemistry; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.032424313689552564,"score_gpt":0.2982001689289455,"score_spread":0.26577585523939296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2582941287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979381,0.00033991746,0.00004233905,0.000119892415,0.0000023900393,0.0000035403223,0.00017654987,0.0000066751145,0.0013706208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992711,0.00025460395,0.00005542866,0.000026283768,0.000004771225,0.0000047842477,0.00013040035,0.0000035463293,0.00024908772],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986434,0.00003913687,0.000008962361,0.000028288661,0.000019509342,0.000039680843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960417,0.000095920346,0.00012353306,0.000024904186,0.00007256955,0.00007885648],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030272076,0.0003732348,0.0002705181,0.0007072715,0.00048365287,0.0010177424,0.00021225234,0.0002810152,0.001925937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009140047,0.00011704551,0.00037702298,0.0008601287,0.00048171653,0.00043463882,0.0008543582,0.00029202248,0.00015759292],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006330768,0.000120704935,0.9476545,0.00020950873,0.0004982035,0.0008056336,0.00063201453,0.0027816172,0.026926948,0.00050958246,0.00043148914,0.01879665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001052299,0.00003204219,0.9979406,0.0000071554314,0.00003117856,0.000054362477,0.00025760487,0.00072740944,0.00032560827,0.00012670491,0.0004816777,0.0000051656393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02616406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.035209477,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02616406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00085507735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041538902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05202353},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2584348014","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003723","title":"On the geochemical heterogeneity of rivers draining into the straits and channels of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Archipelago; Bedrock; Geology; Arctic; Oceanography; Spring (device); Hydrology (agriculture); Latitude; Physical geography; Geomorphology; Geography","score_opus":0.04987305279879842,"score_gpt":0.2968509808063925,"score_spread":0.24697792800759408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2584348014","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99752134,0.00017357602,0.0000768684,0.0000275341,0.000002062253,0.0000072189246,0.0011363397,0.0000055678447,0.0010495558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986945,0.00012391162,0.00016163047,0.000018157678,0.0000014544627,0.000005152384,0.0007035452,0.0000034449051,0.0002881776],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967587,0.000026114683,0.000021402604,0.000085113345,0.000096721,0.000094733354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992446,0.00005904325,0.00011940995,0.000024303323,0.00044788662,0.00010486022],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003480535,0.00025033898,0.00027941065,0.0025290246,0.0015798234,0.0011243857,0.00042200214,0.00020570593,0.00065436505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00075636,0.00020102793,0.00027818288,0.003091925,0.00063128973,0.00023489563,0.00047448056,0.00020906363,0.00007841276],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004507312,0.00000904994,0.9933339,0.000018755327,0.00007384814,0.00005514916,0.0005550339,0.00024224316,0.0019436227,0.00006800524,0.000238435,0.0034169042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.458911e-7,0.000002038027,0.99917907,0.000003877349,0.000009414274,0.000010054623,0.00038158463,0.00012664794,0.00006197987,0.000005875603,0.00021691482,0.0000020570717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9592914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9875901,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0407086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005476074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0062206113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0818966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2588243671","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003494","title":"<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes of the metropolitan river network in relation to the urbanization of Chongqing, China","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control; Chinese Academy of Sciences","keywords":"Environmental science; Carbon dioxide; Hydrology (agriculture); Context (archaeology); Urbanization; Total organic carbon; Metropolitan area; Greenhouse gas; Flux (metallurgy); Environmental chemistry; Geography; Chemistry; Geology; Ecology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.01987799896650352,"score_gpt":0.27413887040345536,"score_spread":0.25426087143695186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2588243671","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99952054,0.0000136134595,0.000041234027,0.000011353491,3.7034346e-7,0.0000017566518,0.00024648875,0.0000030274168,0.00016156097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992836,0.00002009767,0.000061301245,0.00000277202,0.0000011758343,0.000004766282,0.00041359424,0.0000019088752,0.00021076053],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998752,0.000016791826,0.000009836681,0.00004132887,0.000026317419,0.000030492893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963677,0.0000428894,0.0001429073,0.00002086602,0.00009237785,0.00006420827],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017546126,0.00025457476,0.00018097408,0.0009915087,0.0003908469,0.0004902663,0.00022143772,0.0001929361,0.0008624368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034577347,0.00017298722,0.00019938359,0.0018411813,0.0003022095,0.0002625778,0.00033294086,0.00011846536,0.00006782631],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055529537,0.000010287578,0.99064845,0.000020800573,0.000035031662,0.00010291783,0.0003108478,0.0013292603,0.0050020767,0.00009046618,0.00013479729,0.002259673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010805621,0.0000044303256,0.9987633,8.164293e-7,0.000004250384,0.000016498405,0.00013923393,0.00074962626,0.0001619547,0.000012027952,0.0001445388,0.0000023437753],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.063545495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07856715,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.063545495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001313301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005168267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12635124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2601341001","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003525","title":"Continental‐scale variation in controls of summer CO<sub>2</sub> in United States lakes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Co-occurrence; Climate change; Scale (ratio); Physical geography; Spatial variability; Environmental science; Spatial ecology; Global change; Ecology; Geography; Biology; Cartography","score_opus":0.03272687968055787,"score_gpt":0.30255766917200444,"score_spread":0.26983078949144657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2601341001","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99951625,0.000028487835,0.00004451594,0.000025976542,0.0000010874184,8.1874055e-7,0.0001815851,0.0000041247245,0.00019707924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997867,0.000010406724,0.000019845458,0.000004556248,9.2704494e-7,0.0000010759019,0.00014118437,0.0000013617403,0.000033928576],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998826,0.000037709717,0.000008446985,0.000037981667,0.000013121333,0.000020144804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995453,0.00011054653,0.00014230645,0.00004360231,0.00009509815,0.00006317389],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003100862,0.00012872608,0.00015891356,0.0004439428,0.00026169434,0.00046442106,0.000175434,0.00015575378,0.00061090634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00070647156,0.00014844928,0.00015949148,0.0006162834,0.00033908157,0.00022864004,0.00037967094,0.00013882622,0.000060215203],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009169785,0.000015516334,0.99384576,0.0000073688284,0.000116069816,0.000037497055,0.00029370724,0.0010372719,0.0021071015,0.00013769863,0.00030089487,0.002009285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011123365,0.0000039751953,0.99892247,0.000001086905,0.000006256955,0.0000051946686,0.00008335728,0.000780991,0.00007499827,0.000021748572,0.000097136464,0.0000016025971],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07424099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12621371,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07424099,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051759725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026278495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1476177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2603360548","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003754","title":"Importance of lateral flux and its percolation depth on organic carbon export in Arctic tundra soil: Implications from a soil leaching experiment","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Soil water; Permafrost; Environmental science; Leaching (pedology); Arctic; Soil carbon; Organic matter; Total organic carbon; Subsoil; Soil science; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.10444427662643084,"score_gpt":0.3561701600066491,"score_spread":0.25172588338021823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2603360548","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994666,0.000054010317,0.00017352402,0.000008882129,0.0000013759541,0.000009823054,0.00015393108,0.0000035461305,0.00012828018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987382,0.0001246934,0.00057035143,0.000029167004,0.0000028378204,0.000031583433,0.00020883468,0.000005917516,0.00028837248],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997929,0.00003893826,0.000022671888,0.00006486161,0.000037878282,0.00004284107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968517,0.00010119842,0.00005647757,0.000027976588,0.00007784114,0.000051392475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041523305,0.00032023844,0.0003106662,0.00022805111,0.00048533294,0.00066900067,0.00024160776,0.00031987685,0.00036151597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031360122,0.00013049152,0.00028786666,0.00026809404,0.00032828774,0.0003557605,0.0003537789,0.00042446743,0.000053949625],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001742594,0.00037598304,0.06224387,0.000091144226,0.000100970625,0.00009712612,0.00021196215,0.0011570649,0.928844,0.0000927248,0.000040272764,0.0050023235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001014161,0.0025793223,0.40509826,0.000023255447,0.00020833637,0.00013117061,0.00060619914,0.009008413,0.58076316,0.00022689487,0.0012078859,0.00004571147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022155931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018485295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022155931,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007187261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070743065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04405397},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2606830295","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003685","title":"Hydrological controls on glacially exported microbial assemblages","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Polar Research and Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; University of Bristol; Sight Research UK; Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"Meltwater; Glacier; Greenland ice sheet; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Hydrology (agriculture); Cryosphere; Glacial period; Physical geography; Oceanography; Geology; Ecology; Geomorphology; Geography; Sea ice","score_opus":0.06457091219151265,"score_gpt":0.3739083259486363,"score_spread":0.30933741375712365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2606830295","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995585,0.000054508542,0.000029847459,0.000007103355,9.648983e-7,0.0000019853485,0.00019256887,0.0000034576817,0.00015094967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995278,0.000029235418,0.00006293987,0.000013094355,0.0000019373501,0.000002959362,0.00027850154,0.000001801117,0.00008178082],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999912,0.000014499147,0.000006878906,0.00002972678,0.000011828783,0.000025039597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997346,0.0000397638,0.00010407555,0.000015255581,0.00004437991,0.000062032545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018201675,0.00017521415,0.00020443478,0.0005808491,0.0002894378,0.00046061008,0.00014214028,0.00015440724,0.00073605496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036241036,0.000103389204,0.00015408985,0.00043085252,0.00035820997,0.00029106133,0.00041188617,0.00016208552,0.00007316548],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029288922,0.000050515893,0.7662313,0.000050210903,0.000069748974,0.0001296927,0.0005006089,0.0006075781,0.22744304,0.00010252875,0.00012865373,0.004393336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011315324,0.000020238504,0.9989065,0.000001578215,0.0000032271791,0.000009586871,0.00010119928,0.00013847335,0.0007189437,0.000015281397,0.0000823915,0.0000014363097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009778371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02142686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009778371,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005629277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023172486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019442916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2614366699","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003627","title":"Global change induced biomass growth offsets carbon released via increased forest fire and respiration of the central Canadian boreal forest","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Forest Research Institute; Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; University of Toronto","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","keywords":"Environmental science; Taiga; Tundra; Ecosystem; Climate change; Ecosystem respiration; Boreal ecosystem; Disturbance (geology); Boreal; Representative Concentration Pathways; Carbon cycle; Biomass (ecology); Soil carbon; Ecology; Atmospheric sciences; Forestry; Primary production; Geography; Climate model; Soil water; Soil science; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.03365006503273822,"score_gpt":0.2923139718535766,"score_spread":0.2586639068208384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2614366699","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950936,0.0002694368,0.00021291024,0.00018677725,0.000011678623,0.000011958277,0.0012958404,0.000041690113,0.0028761255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989999,0.000074534895,0.0001584102,0.000030522388,0.0000015232227,0.0000032442904,0.00032002397,0.000003900358,0.00040806207],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986184,0.000008135894,0.0000050216854,0.00003588243,0.000034979348,0.000054149958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997156,0.000023152365,0.000036685,0.00001419355,0.00014096015,0.00006934058],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002549318,0.0004503353,0.00023267973,0.0004910439,0.001151687,0.0008735828,0.0005894495,0.00032249553,0.001694934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005030694,0.0002021541,0.0006083817,0.0005867,0.0004575313,0.00031835082,0.0003603993,0.00033858398,0.00008922537],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000607424,0.00015607588,0.8385048,0.00018319656,0.00053938053,0.00035118934,0.00032691972,0.10915553,0.019295225,0.002103484,0.0055471743,0.023229662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003875289,0.000036901893,0.9555627,0.00001544238,0.00009415287,0.000052436462,0.00036988832,0.040482305,0.0009053044,0.00024499354,0.0021619545,0.000035195648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9873853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99178994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016757308,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.016757308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010168299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12158334},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":true,"confidence":"high"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":true,"confidence":"medium"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W2621817090","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003626","title":"Windows in Arctic sea ice: Light transmission and ice algae in a refrozen lead","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Polar Research and Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Norges Forskningsråd; ArcticNet","keywords":"Sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Melt pond; Antarctic sea ice; Oceanography; Environmental science; Colored dissolved organic matter; Cryosphere; Lead (geology); Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Chemistry; Phytoplankton; Geomorphology; Nutrient","score_opus":0.0385872860895807,"score_gpt":0.3533128739439314,"score_spread":0.3147255878543507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2621817090","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996222,0.000040027287,0.00005229686,0.0000025814131,0.0000016780173,0.0000013943794,0.000051048442,0.000001590528,0.0002271098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996625,0.000023892206,0.00007931303,0.0000050393105,0.0000023930413,0.000002101689,0.00011109546,0.0000026489765,0.00011099073],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999306,0.000008605314,0.0000037355815,0.000025262822,0.000014250509,0.000017484115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998679,0.000022171052,0.00004181546,0.0000055897576,0.000027696036,0.000034843724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014725825,0.00024246391,0.00024836007,0.0003978344,0.00053245766,0.00059853954,0.00013856991,0.00019531531,0.00074253225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002061764,0.00013886727,0.00018050877,0.0003333255,0.00031134428,0.00026633334,0.00036020525,0.00020749774,0.00011429893],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012772225,0.000114735194,0.8722005,0.00005369039,0.00008380464,0.000422236,0.0014718747,0.0009315873,0.11703607,0.00008121044,0.00010969053,0.0062174234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000033262213,0.00010375675,0.99651057,0.000004529441,0.0000128525035,0.000053065472,0.0004581275,0.0003497098,0.0022623139,0.0000207171,0.00021736539,0.0000036622962],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013955422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020601207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013955422,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004536041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001885492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027748346},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2621845829","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003668","title":"The seeding of ice algal blooms in Arctic pack ice: The multiyear ice seed repository hypothesis","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju; Norges Forskningsråd; Klima- og miljødepartementet; Norsk Polarinstitutt","keywords":"Sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Oceanography; Antarctic sea ice; Drift ice; Fast ice; Arctic; Environmental science; Geology; Diatom; Melt pond","score_opus":0.041858916419804534,"score_gpt":0.30187045449887945,"score_spread":0.2600115380790749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2621845829","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99921,0.00006613267,0.000259576,0.000030379117,0.0000037457414,0.000004811224,0.000078383935,0.0000032257867,0.00034381874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99947745,0.000041518007,0.0001709,0.000013845071,0.0000054663174,0.000006889319,0.0001355134,0.0000018135808,0.00014651222],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967647,0.00006550824,0.000029987628,0.0000979552,0.00004804332,0.000081969294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99501896,0.0013626701,0.0021195824,0.000332175,0.00024437864,0.00092234404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013389393,0.0001965382,0.0002909947,0.0010545112,0.00072122837,0.0012145893,0.0005721947,0.0005489345,0.002132501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004523609,0.00032040392,0.00027515658,0.0004716316,0.0008573842,0.00091349846,0.00114237,0.00027424569,0.00021982759],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019446062,0.000085957334,0.9916037,0.000015137813,0.00003963791,0.000098624565,0.00022811827,0.0006464131,0.002741367,0.00046338036,0.000079823374,0.0038035144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000130393655,0.0001708614,0.99508166,0.000012195126,0.000024521478,0.00013501047,0.00061063335,0.002813837,0.00038335426,0.00054933765,0.00019656784,0.00000896532],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0066297855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017952796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0066297855,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00065910025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006030069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013182402},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2744680643","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003835","title":"Delineation of peatland lagg boundaries from airborne LiDAR","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Bog; Topographic Wetness Index; Ecotone; Vegetation (pathology); Lidar; Wetland; Physical geography; Geology; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Soil science; Remote sensing; Geography; Ecology; Digital elevation model","score_opus":0.041233103848598705,"score_gpt":0.3416773824018647,"score_spread":0.300444278553266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2744680643","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99558926,0.00007455202,0.002920133,0.0000133290805,0.000002626219,0.000016672397,0.0002591203,0.000044808214,0.0010795712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99364704,0.000030005178,0.0060114814,0.000005144106,8.396729e-7,0.0000068474064,0.00017932116,0.0000028022512,0.00011658928],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986565,0.000019484469,0.000008255043,0.000026585622,0.000045248256,0.00003471171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997167,0.000068701906,0.000044246462,0.000012392097,0.000121049365,0.000036903148],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026134576,0.00013175473,0.00013026265,0.0015381493,0.0002538273,0.0005941579,0.00022763641,0.0001875401,0.0004407373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007592414,0.000075481126,0.000087830034,0.0007984781,0.00019453118,0.00025951825,0.000509685,0.00013522054,0.00012305289],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039618762,0.0000968339,0.75046283,0.00017446783,0.000046413144,0.0005678109,0.00144575,0.011173611,0.062202346,0.001198651,0.0008906167,0.1713446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021014446,0.00006324329,0.88666815,0.00008395268,0.000025946978,0.0002430178,0.002779606,0.09685393,0.009820265,0.0006034474,0.0028103844,0.00002696608],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07959368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17974234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07959368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004640062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00088858226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15826082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2747341557","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003877","title":"Soil CO<sub>2</sub>concentrations and efflux dynamics of a tree island in the Pantanal wetland","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Áreas Umidas","keywords":"Biome; Wetland; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon cycle; Flood myth; Soil carbon; Soil water; Saturation (graph theory); Soil horizon; Cycling; Soil science; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geology; Forestry; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.027118221379026808,"score_gpt":0.3031970182990876,"score_spread":0.27607879692006076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2747341557","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996294,0.0000053113476,0.000068105175,0.000010956775,5.5826797e-7,0.0000020797354,0.0000636491,0.0000063760854,0.00021358984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997321,0.000006691178,0.00011595069,0.0000032231599,4.2905805e-7,0.000002348979,0.000049718474,0.0000012611054,0.00008829177],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999627,0.0000045425754,0.0000018285875,0.00001108654,0.0000072235944,0.000012630172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998814,0.000021232412,0.000026877888,0.00000787742,0.000041590043,0.000021081169],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000053805605,0.000112224145,0.00013091527,0.00031508013,0.000375142,0.00033908966,0.00017979709,0.00021190193,0.0007410125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016503759,0.0001261151,0.00008095444,0.00043946508,0.00023705732,0.0002623721,0.00023402534,0.00014386686,0.00009145345],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025149295,0.000090452544,0.922109,0.00006693709,0.000048182228,0.0006534769,0.0010306772,0.0019573062,0.06048403,0.000119533855,0.00031585345,0.012873223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000019336094,0.000024625817,0.997343,0.0000015653412,0.0000045370825,0.00003420264,0.00030867214,0.0016749501,0.0004373946,0.000015674124,0.00015048859,0.0000030223832],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05972829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1171134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05972829,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043494822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037510696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1187613},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2748289305","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003890","title":"Linking plant functional trait plasticity and the large increase in forest water use efficiency","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Center for Northern Studies","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science; ETH Zürich Foundation; Laboratory Directed Research and Development; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; U.S. Department of Energy; Stavros Niarchos Foundation; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Trait; Water-use efficiency; Eddy covariance; Stomatal conductance; Plant functional type; Specific leaf area; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Functional response; Ecology; Biology; Photosynthesis; Botany; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.03279636994830922,"score_gpt":0.2763406081666391,"score_spread":0.24354423821832985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2748289305","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979965,0.00003401809,0.0016991246,0.000028156866,0.0000024241401,0.000001954073,0.0000897044,0.000022352051,0.00012569356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997217,0.000007638608,0.0002087901,0.000005450899,8.313646e-7,0.000001973639,0.00003550889,0.0000033949887,0.000014677776],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998661,0.00003784466,0.000011332338,0.000047830647,0.000016240876,0.000020645031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898475,0.00052685203,0.0002280483,0.00016331002,0.0000484846,0.000048497128],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059242925,0.00019008698,0.00018924172,0.00028165278,0.00012744185,0.00037464272,0.00020175897,0.0002706747,0.000454721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018511033,0.00015413188,0.0003031543,0.00026556355,0.0003276905,0.00043734713,0.00036494006,0.000388534,0.000043646705],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034384112,0.00021930314,0.55324244,0.00012808795,0.0006617057,0.00031684042,0.00018083944,0.1398805,0.28534624,0.0014445712,0.00037418847,0.017861456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000126617515,0.000067921355,0.8161695,0.0000047538933,0.00005303131,0.00011999773,0.000050809605,0.16892749,0.012909389,0.0013696508,0.0002871341,0.0000277605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020045664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00176266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020045664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002987028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012168325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0039857626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755282582","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003881","title":"Late Spring Nitrate Distributions Beneath the Ice‐Covered Northeastern Chukchi Shelf","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Polar Programs; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Oceanography; Halocline; Environmental science; Water column; Sea ice; Melt pond; Hydrography; Nitrate; Spring (device); Salinity; Arctic ice pack; Geology; Antarctic sea ice; Chemistry","score_opus":0.04306648204684643,"score_gpt":0.3073205411003511,"score_spread":0.2642540590535047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2755282582","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995491,0.000020245036,0.000015498103,0.0000061340425,0.0000010788968,0.0000015055891,0.00018738468,0.0000018569555,0.0002171382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99912435,0.000029818026,0.0000610708,0.000009506412,0.0000012395252,0.0000044258786,0.00041973853,0.000001252782,0.00034862317],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994755,0.0000024993305,0.000004351928,0.000015049394,0.000008013701,0.000022472042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973303,0.000016445038,0.000054983393,0.000006417132,0.000105695195,0.000083480714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000888572,0.00028731473,0.00020310254,0.0005135985,0.0008591085,0.0005804056,0.00024712706,0.0002402969,0.00073488476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014080922,0.00021536957,0.0001430667,0.0006926625,0.00028841197,0.00022994455,0.00031194446,0.00019250483,0.00012493289],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017968977,0.000040721014,0.9862033,0.000029111823,0.000036943915,0.00016084277,0.0010158418,0.0002363469,0.009060189,0.000028068,0.0002570623,0.002751837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000015786964,0.000014775868,0.9989158,0.0000051368324,0.000006888167,0.000018326626,0.00052761135,0.00026992668,0.0001420516,0.0000024229137,0.00009238582,0.0000031106379],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.31925312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.54539806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31925312,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012942977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010153716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6347897},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2756106234","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003826","title":"Strong Gradients in Forest Sensitivity to Climate Change Revealed by Dynamics of Forest Fire Cycles in the Post Little Ice Age Era","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue; Université du Québec à Montréal; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"Nordisk Ministerråd; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas","keywords":"Taiga; Boreal; Climate change; Physical geography; Geography; Temperate climate; Temperate forest; Temperate rainforest; Climatology; Fire regime; Vegetation (pathology); Arctic; Fire ecology; Forest dynamics; Arctic oscillation; Environmental science; Ecology; Geology; Ecosystem; Oceanography; Forestry; Northern Hemisphere","score_opus":0.032800208422737676,"score_gpt":0.32706906964341065,"score_spread":0.294268861220673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2756106234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99966013,0.000038451883,0.000027060962,0.000012485129,0.0000011469762,7.2695735e-7,0.0000769578,0.0000010784281,0.00018188405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99984205,0.000020026207,0.000020533302,0.000005812694,0.000002198122,9.645546e-7,0.00007100631,7.818243e-7,0.0000367526],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992156,0.000017627188,0.0000060582365,0.000020402586,0.000009691223,0.000024708304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995555,0.000081286984,0.00018401563,0.000028550423,0.000058384336,0.00009229013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025954473,0.00008329826,0.00015982703,0.0007153163,0.00023111785,0.0004944581,0.00015304536,0.00016944628,0.00081187714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00072346145,0.000094341805,0.00012629718,0.00058434403,0.00026180665,0.00029377337,0.00028071742,0.00017862709,0.00008620239],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008963875,0.000021211645,0.9944142,0.000005623872,0.000033319244,0.00003497946,0.00023081293,0.00019870733,0.0025568346,0.00005054674,0.0000591011,0.0023049344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.1002553e-7,0.0000051035513,0.99973947,8.008087e-7,0.0000019071106,0.000007604654,0.000058487876,0.00009927229,0.000031650663,0.000009695504,0.000044730812,7.0315014e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011772483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024792613,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011772483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025885054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014761477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023407936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2759353043","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004006","title":"Physicochemical and Biological Controls on Carbon and Nitrogen in Permafrost from an Ultraxerous Environment, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Polar Research and Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Ottawa; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Office of Polar Programs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universidad del Valle; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Soil water; Permafrost; Biogeochemical cycle; Total organic carbon; Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Weathering; Nitrogen; Carbon fibers; Soil carbon; Environmental science; Geology; Chemistry; Soil science; Oceanography; Geochemistry","score_opus":0.04106780228517912,"score_gpt":0.33097400057107207,"score_spread":0.2899061982858929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2759353043","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99934214,0.0001101336,0.000011338339,0.000008874013,5.127288e-7,0.0000017251656,0.00019346291,0.0000011478323,0.00033065755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993587,0.00010103655,0.000047272533,0.000017187183,0.0000025030192,0.000004276992,0.00033281816,0.0000014177992,0.00013483796],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991655,0.000011454649,0.0000055794258,0.000018365152,0.00001954882,0.000028525918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998325,0.00002059288,0.00006319674,0.000009328652,0.000029118262,0.00004530297],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011918997,0.00021870575,0.00022838297,0.0014341131,0.0009074952,0.00055309664,0.0002868795,0.00018905578,0.00089618843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001749614,0.00014066804,0.00014087974,0.0013970961,0.0004952687,0.00017060107,0.00040982798,0.000111900794,0.00011613896],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023921757,0.000034005912,0.95161724,0.00010359755,0.000119783486,0.000377174,0.001398311,0.00023210075,0.039366536,0.000084248,0.00015056173,0.0062772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014675477,0.000008499993,0.99936265,0.0000021041346,0.0000033065737,0.00002534108,0.00023553148,0.000029157281,0.00015850355,0.0000061118963,0.0001662523,0.0000010118979],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.069528185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16389734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.069528185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00092626124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045015055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13824701},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2759390205","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003716","title":"Optimization of Terrestrial Ecosystem Model Parameters Using Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Data With the Global Carbon Assimilation System (GCAS)","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Environmental science; Evergreen; Atmospheric sciences; Carbon cycle; Terrestrial ecosystem; Ecosystem; Temperate climate; Latitude; Data assimilation; Vegetation (pathology); Leaf area index; Climatology; Ecology; Meteorology; Biology; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.051620428700976315,"score_gpt":0.3103454490471922,"score_spread":0.25872502034621586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2759390205","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9527217,0.00012447502,0.042759,0.0001275708,0.000025540843,0.000066157365,0.00074176694,0.0007009499,0.0027328099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98520434,0.000020886479,0.014045875,0.000020842643,0.0000035095566,0.000047084883,0.0003960927,0.00004117397,0.00022016498],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999012,0.000036639914,0.000006682112,0.00002439153,0.000012474689,0.000018573695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973327,0.00013351192,0.00003114872,0.000022379976,0.00006372896,0.000015969283],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005149586,0.0009175652,0.00049130135,0.00028781424,0.0003791009,0.0005165627,0.00033878398,0.0005556086,0.0009040737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000904845,0.0003801403,0.0005451678,0.00032961587,0.00024887492,0.0003316006,0.00026627368,0.00053415494,0.0001543098],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050875726,0.00003002375,0.004382287,0.00001394625,0.00004659705,0.000020505391,0.000011309387,0.9897022,0.0023870661,0.00010484597,0.00019565476,0.0030546798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002830401,0.000022242613,0.0024977108,0.000002650729,0.000014360773,0.0000031510863,0.00001038642,0.9956061,0.0016071323,0.000095913914,0.00010484022,0.0000072156813],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03355748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.030282594,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03355748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00067955145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000923222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0667243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2759463563","doi":"10.1002/2016jg003745","title":"Radial Growth and Physiological Response of Coniferous Trees to Arctic Amplification","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Precipitation; Dendrochronology; Taiga; Environmental science; Boreal; Primary production; Dendroclimatology; Climate change; Arctic; Physical geography; Vegetation (pathology); Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geography; Forestry; Geology; Biology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.10215258433331945,"score_gpt":0.3582746983487728,"score_spread":0.2561221140154534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2759463563","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995987,0.000033117343,0.00007080769,0.000002491126,8.9855433e-7,8.326103e-7,0.000096887175,0.000003943942,0.00019228648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996419,0.000022215478,0.000056728775,0.0000028251893,9.203221e-7,0.0000015689225,0.00017147753,0.0000010801944,0.00010130633],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999583,0.000007743051,0.0000020853201,0.000011285967,0.000009777236,0.0000108581535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984944,0.000028948913,0.000038125607,0.000008904686,0.00004470268,0.000029900513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016535909,0.00016738375,0.000104357234,0.00017733124,0.0001969783,0.00027671162,0.00009521605,0.00009994165,0.00056824024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003307923,0.000059385817,0.00008975531,0.00015542471,0.000085490516,0.00011555085,0.000114200004,0.000100642384,0.00008651631],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000300027,0.00006146577,0.91318095,0.00003345771,0.00006549377,0.00012562118,0.00020071717,0.005635333,0.07019536,0.00007104118,0.00015813719,0.0099723805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010780442,0.000026294663,0.9966545,0.0000012201939,0.0000045835513,0.000041801246,0.00005397415,0.0017077419,0.0013576,0.000015674961,0.00013356157,0.0000020513655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014944242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02586658,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014944242,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003100478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014147285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.029714525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765956919","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004111","title":"Temporal Dynamics in the Concentration, Flux, and Optical Properties of Tree‐Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in an Epiphyte‐Laden Oak‐Cedar Forest","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Georgia Southern University; National Sleep Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stemflow; Throughfall; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Plant litter; Tree canopy; Environmental chemistry; Soil water; Canopy; Ecology; Chemistry; Nutrient; Soil science; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.037489174890495726,"score_gpt":0.3039854764867469,"score_spread":0.26649630159625115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2765956919","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997646,0.000009875831,0.000028420984,0.0000019500483,3.7627672e-7,0.000001737591,0.00009045903,0.0000023431444,0.00010031635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99937385,0.000014039145,0.00011629235,0.000006988169,9.712687e-7,0.000004619272,0.00031888988,0.000001578833,0.00016272505],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999422,0.0000043833857,0.0000026239975,0.000023663884,0.000011669626,0.000015468295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976116,0.000047318368,0.000050011196,0.000009777752,0.00007064409,0.00006105742],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014054349,0.0001578081,0.0001667429,0.0005027415,0.00042035378,0.00037979853,0.00023705054,0.00018734066,0.00027203138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015198578,0.000105409665,0.000109227425,0.0003032381,0.00014621628,0.00017932011,0.00016589525,0.00018622185,0.0000803055],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024027197,0.00016510501,0.91651833,0.000019493895,0.000047902802,0.0002424402,0.00039694284,0.00046729384,0.0771542,0.00004864139,0.00017207807,0.0045273667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001421971,0.000024465324,0.9985953,8.9072455e-7,0.000004024357,0.000030878262,0.00009123416,0.0005605873,0.0006094436,0.000005272723,0.00007485618,0.0000017136024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03485232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07329175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03485232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060376694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018837434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06929892},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767081023","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004094","title":"The Optical, Chemical, and Molecular Dissolved Organic Matter Succession Along a Boreal Soil‐Stream‐River Continuum","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Organic matter; Mineralization (soil science); Soil water; Chemistry; Soil organic matter; Environmental science; Biogeochemical cycle; Soil science; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology","score_opus":0.016575977217426256,"score_gpt":0.2790911008814979,"score_spread":0.26251512366407165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767081023","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990103,0.00003583191,0.00014258461,0.000012169076,9.384267e-7,0.0000051671486,0.00044610735,0.000017565817,0.0003292459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990159,0.00002618045,0.00025284028,0.000010264603,5.639655e-7,0.0000039484225,0.0003658753,0.000005008153,0.00031935502],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999908,0.0000050087733,0.0000024543542,0.000030337027,0.00001833094,0.000035787947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985063,0.000013156096,0.000018821638,0.0000056995164,0.00006962814,0.000042095173],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001134738,0.00029395294,0.00019888517,0.0006105394,0.0008552615,0.0007409112,0.00040653473,0.0003839142,0.0011524739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001560078,0.00018653783,0.00021242951,0.00073445705,0.00044106558,0.00022602733,0.00022949469,0.00021648378,0.00014144844],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002550334,0.00008697123,0.8953148,0.000055184202,0.00010025423,0.00040202492,0.0006874055,0.0059785917,0.08464952,0.00013039852,0.0005440144,0.011795881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000042302345,0.000011127606,0.99434245,0.0000037767525,0.0000086269365,0.00003169824,0.00030113626,0.004156392,0.0007923343,0.000012488669,0.00032796664,0.000007810493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.90146494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9289116,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90146494,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00514284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025754194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19823068},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2768085945","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004008","title":"Simulation of the Unexpected Photosynthetic Seasonality in Amazonian Evergreen Forests by Using an Improved Diffuse Fraction‐Based Light Use Efficiency Model","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Innovation Cluster (Canada)","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of East Anglia; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Evergreen; Seasonality; Eddy covariance; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Evergreen forest; Canopy; Photosynthesis; Dry season; Climatology; Ecology; Botany; Biology; Ecosystem; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.04990442710591668,"score_gpt":0.3336925870355705,"score_spread":0.2837881599296538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2768085945","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98412293,0.000064928536,0.013925966,0.00010280395,0.000010668354,0.000012647737,0.00021493332,0.00015069568,0.0013944291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977412,0.000016388201,0.0019985265,0.000009429595,0.0000019214306,0.000009304772,0.000064788415,0.0000087867,0.00014963988],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999534,0.0000118110775,0.0000024735982,0.000014368358,0.000006969925,0.0000109727525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982965,0.00007602545,0.000025561738,0.000016187092,0.000025498459,0.000027086415],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022168065,0.00036583652,0.00033458593,0.00017713419,0.00024908807,0.00045174232,0.0006566275,0.0004679626,0.0006646893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047908342,0.00020697765,0.00042446805,0.00025163312,0.00026848668,0.00030105747,0.0003324372,0.00038379544,0.000046159385],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043719556,0.000031919357,0.005984004,0.000011908389,0.000024680616,0.00003697876,0.000017171236,0.9900241,0.0022417651,0.0003290159,0.00007761262,0.0011770388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009710237,0.000007805236,0.00088919944,6.0983416e-7,0.0000032439289,0.0000023632786,0.000004858923,0.99885905,0.00012760489,0.000056933455,0.000036595236,0.0000020490072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.040094443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022576781,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.040094443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005566648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060439995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07972211},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2769374057","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004035","title":"Mathematical Modelling of Arctic Polygonal Tundra with <i>Ecosys</i>: 1. Microtopography Determines How Active Layer Depths Respond to Changes in Temperature and Precipitation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Tundra; Permafrost; Snow; Environmental science; Arctic; Active layer; Precipitation; Meltwater; Elevation (ballistics); Thermokarst; Spatial variability; Atmospheric sciences; Landform; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Geomorphology; Oceanography; Layer (electronics); Chemistry; Meteorology; Geography","score_opus":0.0921930493390513,"score_gpt":0.326997606986566,"score_spread":0.23480455764751468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2769374057","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77805233,0.00055030937,0.19205034,0.00079024705,0.000077491386,0.000076967284,0.0011042265,0.00038483037,0.026913283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98552805,0.00014444452,0.007859502,0.000056027442,0.000017142476,0.000064802465,0.00018571594,0.00004534662,0.006098914],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988735,0.000030226662,0.000006164448,0.00002855399,0.000018183928,0.000029481444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960107,0.00018647862,0.00009150381,0.000015687216,0.0000764912,0.000028818773],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003128958,0.00052387506,0.00034544745,0.00038512037,0.00048591834,0.0008806142,0.0007859913,0.0007727485,0.0022259462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008307382,0.0004240996,0.00083658006,0.00031407631,0.00053335034,0.0003965943,0.0005124427,0.0004922565,0.00026853377],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000051406273,0.00000637221,0.00096728496,0.0000069935927,0.000008451852,0.000026846512,0.000013291659,0.9966875,0.00035682038,0.0012887997,0.00006909173,0.0005634934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001378611,0.000003188519,0.0003199616,0.0000015536044,0.0000025128375,0.000004433783,0.00000881526,0.9992206,0.000060457653,0.00020323358,0.0001720876,0.0000017815867],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.086751305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03584842,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.086751305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012115788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00093020214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17249274},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2769491133","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004095","title":"Tree Mortality Decreases Water Availability and Ecosystem Resilience to Drought in Piñon‐Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Laboratory Directed Research and Development; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Juniper; Girdling; Woodland; Evapotranspiration; Environmental science; Canopy; Transpiration; Precipitation; Hydrology (agriculture); Agronomy; Forestry; Biology; Ecology; Geography; Botany; Geology; Photosynthesis","score_opus":0.035936611873375233,"score_gpt":0.3203451666837915,"score_spread":0.28440855481041627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2769491133","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99976057,0.000026127032,0.000019356818,0.000013882408,0.0000019053347,0.0000012671078,0.000052519183,0.0000014778473,0.00012286959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997533,0.00002448678,0.000031887146,0.000021705157,0.0000022642478,0.0000022754975,0.00008851301,6.3202395e-7,0.00007493577],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993193,0.000012630796,0.0000037202988,0.000024123625,0.000007819242,0.000019687795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973696,0.000026158903,0.00011460738,0.000012368593,0.000028384226,0.00008143987],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020224127,0.00022148967,0.00011754871,0.00030287867,0.00031114905,0.00027663223,0.0002033079,0.00012876575,0.0009403676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030302917,0.000094498115,0.000098992125,0.00026425876,0.00022540968,0.00023606265,0.00029960892,0.00020671259,0.00005757539],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001408969,0.000078161924,0.9900148,0.000019129227,0.000051983116,0.0001280771,0.00038836675,0.00017199405,0.00542006,0.000040217044,0.00020527963,0.0033410129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000013600172,0.000020362948,0.9995153,0.0000015751024,0.000004083592,0.000019250243,0.00018754961,0.00010442153,0.00006583805,0.000010786283,0.00006836485,0.000001089643],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017786363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.070738144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017786363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030570923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020590569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03536564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2770586354","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004037","title":"Mathematical Modelling of Arctic Polygonal Tundra with <i>Ecosys:</i> 2. Microtopography Determines How CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Exchange Responds to Changes in Temperature and Precipitation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Snow; Tundra; Eddy covariance; Environmental science; Arctic; Landform; Atmospheric sciences; Spatial variability; Precipitation; Soil water; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil science; Geology; Ecosystem; Meteorology; Geomorphology; Geography; Oceanography; Ecology","score_opus":0.0585144063791973,"score_gpt":0.29787509538308066,"score_spread":0.23936068900388335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2770586354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7450899,0.00060566067,0.22200382,0.0009988252,0.00008759515,0.00006210437,0.0012243979,0.00034830938,0.029579423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98135316,0.00017629197,0.010255456,0.00007238155,0.00002725693,0.000062207735,0.00023073335,0.00006930594,0.0077532013],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998534,0.00004751443,0.000007920453,0.00003424419,0.000022483,0.00003446146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992902,0.00033911748,0.00016393395,0.000027697039,0.00012475865,0.000054279495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041468994,0.0005258206,0.00035171094,0.0004281711,0.00048754213,0.0010642005,0.00078782917,0.0008611246,0.0021969574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012396825,0.00046645015,0.000914635,0.00032198464,0.000718889,0.00049651915,0.0005457069,0.0004895241,0.00031466017],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008082964,0.000007517256,0.0015468189,0.000009019624,0.000011846724,0.000041917974,0.000023114999,0.9927073,0.00046057563,0.0044144266,0.0001263847,0.00064289826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014872243,0.0000022850986,0.00033307113,0.0000016633376,0.0000027239282,0.00000630441,0.0000102521735,0.9989812,0.00004598835,0.00041762204,0.0001952881,0.0000020952593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09868302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.039743826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09868302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014247918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010194499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19621724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2782979174","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003840","title":"Linking the Modern Distribution of Biogenic Proxies in High Arctic Greenland Shelf Sediments to Sea Ice, Primary Production, and Arctic‐Atlantic Inflow","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Université Laval; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Academy of Finland","keywords":"Oceanography; Arctic; Sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Geology; Inflow; Groenlandia; The arctic; Ice shelf; Cryosphere; Environmental science; Ice sheet","score_opus":0.019347220265434274,"score_gpt":0.2680254228929902,"score_spread":0.2486782026275559,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2782979174","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993425,0.00013634478,0.00006445726,0.000008948163,0.0000010800613,5.70899e-7,0.00016193106,0.000003166558,0.00028105942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99962413,0.000045666322,0.00006990556,0.000005124201,0.0000012979258,5.7608787e-7,0.00015984947,0.0000011811417,0.000092261085],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999206,0.0000115835655,0.000007666988,0.000021464082,0.000012732605,0.00002593214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977213,0.000028237537,0.000092853654,0.000018429622,0.00004694478,0.00004144064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029794537,0.0002149609,0.00014559148,0.0010895863,0.00032774423,0.0006741362,0.0001241967,0.00012285322,0.0005701097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022775236,0.00009149601,0.000118123804,0.00096424023,0.00030477453,0.00020216394,0.0003700723,0.00008436144,0.00008139613],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033369375,0.000007029823,0.9888737,0.000011483725,0.00006446805,0.000052131196,0.0001337285,0.0002249789,0.0069131283,0.000045021232,0.000046103916,0.0035948493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[2.670849e-7,0.000004052523,0.9996159,0.000001928304,0.000004213354,0.000010862368,0.0000691966,0.0000623059,0.00014675783,0.000009386486,0.00007451914,6.347493e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03909192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10979221,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03909192,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006184425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004369173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07772875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2783184691","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003978","title":"Comparison of Big‐Leaf, Two‐Big‐Leaf, and Two‐Leaf Upscaling Schemes for Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Coupled Carbon‐Water Modeling","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University Medical Centre; University of British Columbia; Queen's University; McMaster University; Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Evapotranspiration; Eddy covariance; Canopy; Leaf area index; Transpiration; Stomatal conductance; Atmospheric sciences; Flux (metallurgy); Canopy conductance; Mathematics; Environmental science; Carbon flux; Penman–Monteith equation; Hydrology (agriculture); Botany; Ecosystem; Photosynthesis; Physics; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.09934856865065401,"score_gpt":0.38682819714515343,"score_spread":0.28747962849449943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2783184691","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77080756,0.00037267894,0.22239956,0.00023425078,0.00016230458,0.00027163554,0.00022657344,0.002824471,0.0027009624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93574136,0.000060072194,0.06334707,0.000049098464,0.000010602148,0.00008989208,0.00019876518,0.00006626627,0.00043677512],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99969244,0.00007679598,0.000034457884,0.000055191456,0.000102861064,0.000038286922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982748,0.0006800818,0.00012331126,0.00022946994,0.0005592259,0.00013319134],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018730103,0.00069449114,0.0005786849,0.00070190115,0.0003699841,0.00082303194,0.0015636472,0.0008930648,0.00091641146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033848996,0.00046424844,0.00073073874,0.0005275566,0.00028926923,0.0010325065,0.00075559533,0.0007887141,0.00017570604],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004948297,0.00044721153,0.012223163,0.00014870524,0.00015293757,0.00006919064,0.00021054203,0.8645492,0.014699072,0.0015454503,0.000654601,0.104805075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016882166,0.00002673712,0.000427949,0.0000021781627,0.0000051902416,0.0000016032621,0.000004717164,0.99853194,0.0008683187,0.000055901768,0.000053246542,0.0000053449417],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02597198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015767708,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02597198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012733787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001026724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.051641583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789271666","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003864","title":"Quantifying the Effects of Snowpack on Soil Thermal and Carbon Dynamics of the Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; Purdue University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Snowpack; Permafrost; Snow; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Terrestrial ecosystem; Soil carbon; Arctic; Climate change; Biogeochemistry; Climatology; Latitude; Ecosystem model; Physical geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil water; Soil science; Ecology; Meteorology; Geography; Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.07024021367873659,"score_gpt":0.32230016029443626,"score_spread":0.25205994661569964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789271666","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976204,0.000043856227,0.0015040125,0.000021655982,0.00000504984,0.000004920044,0.00017955246,0.000031759122,0.00058896345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992312,0.00003292852,0.0005058446,0.000005781663,0.0000019508118,0.0000032408414,0.00014497188,0.0000047258677,0.0000693128],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998684,0.000042678046,0.000007698973,0.000027096661,0.00002190194,0.000032181335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998074,0.00005680449,0.0000308616,0.000021498361,0.0000505446,0.00003289558],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048260263,0.0005554847,0.00030633333,0.00029334068,0.00033871294,0.00060436194,0.0003151297,0.00032805308,0.00032590528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005046047,0.00022284238,0.0006929942,0.00032558077,0.00020284727,0.0005587986,0.0003599157,0.000213115,0.00005692534],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013289522,0.00009831148,0.137268,0.000041982767,0.00021479817,0.000117248426,0.000049607625,0.84707147,0.008987194,0.00046496023,0.00017256885,0.005381002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018583143,0.00007670515,0.07037902,0.000008490652,0.0000762835,0.000019120702,0.00007243077,0.92658937,0.0022127943,0.00025953425,0.0002725156,0.000015152487],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.104081854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07973671,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.104081854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010256721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010878439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2069521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789913576","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004173","title":"Functional Group, Biomass, and Climate Change Effects on Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey; University of Wyoming; National Center for Atmospheric Research","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Climate change; Grassland; Environmental science; Perennial plant; Vegetation (pathology); Agronomy; Productivity; Ecology; Grazing; Temperate climate; Plant community; Biology; Ecological succession","score_opus":0.031205699146757086,"score_gpt":0.29246879964129796,"score_spread":0.2612631004945409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789913576","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99965847,0.000013681343,0.00012699493,0.0000060272328,7.14555e-7,0.0000017564253,0.00011233148,0.0000034048833,0.0000766078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997663,0.00000828333,0.00008984925,0.0000031773436,7.3374093e-7,0.0000030578954,0.00010634724,6.679073e-7,0.000021734584],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998828,0.00004758548,0.000008242434,0.000024194598,0.000012721249,0.000024354264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953413,0.00021358741,0.00008730878,0.000035858797,0.000045164503,0.00008390183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059989566,0.00018299978,0.00021942343,0.00040231453,0.0001944965,0.00034622705,0.00023901477,0.00027786402,0.0009202623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007633272,0.000113364025,0.00031286298,0.00034064573,0.00026899914,0.00024134829,0.0002631791,0.00014629535,0.00007332291],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045144264,0.00017082847,0.9504656,0.00004599693,0.0001825185,0.00007244309,0.000109434426,0.036975153,0.007781792,0.00030715653,0.00013947187,0.0032981068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015825728,0.00014000556,0.9606406,0.0000027957067,0.000030908715,0.000030022704,0.00008530581,0.038375683,0.0003656468,0.0001468011,0.0001584839,0.000007927884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008720754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011751797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008720754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051348883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015895252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017340004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791290519","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004181","title":"Trends and Variability in Temperature Sensitivity of Lilac Flowering Phenology","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Phenology; lilac; photoperiodism; Biology; Climate change; Ecology; Horticulture; Geography","score_opus":0.06034064102820862,"score_gpt":0.31018368546388075,"score_spread":0.24984304443567212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791290519","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989367,0.00012212689,0.00011784366,0.000010102929,0.0000020933605,0.00000148497,0.00042502722,0.00000809673,0.0003763772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994141,0.000025262489,0.00006789681,0.000004757989,0.0000040525315,0.000002576963,0.00036562636,0.0000023863715,0.000113245296],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997552,0.000037027115,0.000026858994,0.0000975382,0.000039733844,0.000043679644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983596,0.00027943024,0.0006951633,0.00011793709,0.00043385083,0.00011398958],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057061476,0.00010313634,0.00018440491,0.0011875774,0.00020267887,0.0004554952,0.00018111202,0.00019748756,0.00063768664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011394493,0.00009713856,0.0003267889,0.00090589956,0.00021764507,0.00023672031,0.00026561925,0.0001547585,0.00014617795],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007192143,0.0000063088582,0.99111605,0.000023263254,0.00006898093,0.000029081424,0.00026879754,0.00029050032,0.0050312164,0.000022106813,0.0001080271,0.0029638226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[3.530521e-7,0.0000072980756,0.9996388,0.0000015526249,0.000003973079,0.000011587271,0.00004176929,0.0001329829,0.00008343838,0.0000035768333,0.000073036426,0.0000016674749],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019289969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.025945973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019289969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059974927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026474043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03835541},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791439180","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004166","title":"Coastal Erosion of Permafrost Soils Along the Yukon Coastal Plain and Fluxes of Organic Carbon to the Canadian Beaufort Sea","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Aurora Research Institute; Daimler und Benz Stiftung; ArcticNet; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt","keywords":"Permafrost; Soil water; Total organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil carbon; Environmental science; Arctic; Geology; Erosion; Sediment; Shore; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Soil science; Environmental chemistry","score_opus":0.049748932586983104,"score_gpt":0.299520406218201,"score_spread":0.24977147363121788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791439180","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99933666,0.00005872432,0.000030942087,0.000015228364,9.0924595e-7,0.000001681969,0.00022072787,0.000003112827,0.0003318638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993525,0.00006482859,0.000064433814,0.000008308765,5.9195264e-7,0.0000017196119,0.00023856285,0.000001607059,0.00026748568],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998863,0.00000803138,0.000006893518,0.000026308075,0.000028260563,0.000044202134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966276,0.000025557956,0.000069132766,0.000011514601,0.00017705953,0.000053977765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015278406,0.00024398703,0.00018544169,0.00093369756,0.0009706421,0.00072715286,0.00020879549,0.00019875928,0.0009405494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003454501,0.00016965986,0.00027087168,0.0011828634,0.00036708039,0.0002296341,0.00039457672,0.00014000299,0.00007636207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006348523,0.0000073399906,0.9920204,0.000018489234,0.00006530761,0.00013498824,0.00025584624,0.00058171916,0.0027591104,0.000056721463,0.0001373333,0.0038993892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012903929,0.0000025059644,0.99931204,0.0000027248616,0.000004178255,0.000015628393,0.00019687782,0.0002382592,0.00009563294,0.0000047418985,0.00012404406,0.0000020204832],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8989408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9430664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1010592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0040087625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003553139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20330864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792093209","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003856","title":"Land Use, Land Use History, and Soil Type Affect Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes From Agricultural Landscapes of the East African Highlands","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers; International Fund for Agricultural Development; European Commission; Irish Aid; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Soil water; Environmental science; Loam; Greenhouse gas; Agronomy; Soil type; Land use; Agriculture; Perennial plant; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil science; Agroforestry; Geography; Geology; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.034130439865683405,"score_gpt":0.2613308887097783,"score_spread":0.22720044884409488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792093209","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998319,0.000032035085,0.000018740722,0.000004979189,1.2656878e-7,8.339999e-7,0.000032910193,4.7323067e-7,0.00007796194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99984527,0.000034913486,0.000033434033,0.0000029689677,3.9509334e-7,0.0000014048197,0.00003374408,5.788624e-7,0.000047313817],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992204,0.000024282324,0.000005172254,0.000014269194,0.0000098699475,0.000024423322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977976,0.00006266935,0.00009069526,0.00001365383,0.000025596953,0.000027550604],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014142267,0.00019952393,0.00017229895,0.0005084012,0.00032759897,0.00043261354,0.00011045086,0.00012502728,0.000976121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00051014265,0.00015024186,0.0001306681,0.0009593853,0.0003033422,0.00029833367,0.00029735203,0.00009302912,0.00007954077],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014048582,0.000026881418,0.9757488,0.000052136686,0.00006400354,0.00025347617,0.0011715809,0.00034022608,0.016082143,0.000051244846,0.000043943037,0.0060251015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.8278833e-7,0.0000070902274,0.9992749,0.000002316319,0.000005633921,0.000030982785,0.00033668996,0.00011730298,0.00015294697,0.00001136722,0.00005884475,0.000001116265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021179616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.051777545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021179616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028559795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015768506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04211265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792603662","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004135","title":"Variance and Rate‐of‐Change as Early Warning Signals for a Critical Transition in an Aquatic Ecosystem State: A Test Case From Tasmania, Australia","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Australian Research Council; University of Waterloo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering; Wilfrid Laurier University","keywords":"Diatom; Regime shift; Ecology; Disturbance (geology); Vegetation (pathology); Ecosystem; Alternative stable state; Environmental science; Moorland; Environmental change; Temperate climate; Plant community; Physical geography; Geography; Climate change; Biology; Ecological succession; Paleontology","score_opus":0.08075876911678118,"score_gpt":0.37885965012080236,"score_spread":0.2981008810040212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792603662","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99927133,0.000026064436,0.00018478674,0.000047235953,9.301706e-7,0.000008912159,0.000075314514,0.000003528885,0.0003818911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995425,0.000012709391,0.0002246867,0.000010789746,0.0000011265872,0.000004751517,0.000057751666,0.0000010422132,0.00014474348],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99969816,0.00009078963,0.000022888213,0.000065297594,0.00004851367,0.000074441596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99840975,0.00042489843,0.00036269776,0.000090892354,0.00047123226,0.00024062049],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094831584,0.0002276846,0.00018374216,0.0009041452,0.0006214766,0.000663536,0.00045147154,0.0003397836,0.00070534274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024988663,0.00012876758,0.0004609028,0.00082334457,0.0007158799,0.00038890456,0.0006229301,0.0003746381,0.000051932257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012738943,0.00012877752,0.97523403,0.00004458206,0.00014892367,0.0017206146,0.0023018958,0.00810241,0.0028365338,0.001159909,0.0003524238,0.007842493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010693163,0.000089793735,0.9699108,0.000011556191,0.000041919284,0.00014810923,0.0016119878,0.027306348,0.00027354417,0.00024458425,0.00033590687,0.000014752386],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5817983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.54237455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5817983,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0033375097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012810298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8413291},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792688526","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004244","title":"Linking Soil Moisture Variation and Abundance of Plants to Geomorphic Processes: A Generalized Model for Erosion‐Uplifting Landscapes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Deserts and xeric shrublands; Hydric soil; Dominance (genetics); Hydrology (agriculture); Erosion; Environmental science; Advection; Abundance (ecology); Soil science; Water content; Ecohydrology; Ecology; Geology; Geomorphology; Soil water; Biology; Physics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.03889279828144345,"score_gpt":0.3298290374591451,"score_spread":0.29093623917770167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792688526","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80208266,0.00025789344,0.1906724,0.00077176874,0.00002623623,0.000060395807,0.0007578674,0.0002599072,0.005110848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912403,0.0001344776,0.0051566227,0.000050503702,0.000014630751,0.0000666628,0.00016716453,0.000035055065,0.0031345878],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99972516,0.00008728675,0.000010618998,0.00008673899,0.000023661118,0.00006643175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924326,0.00035876362,0.00017618194,0.000055943456,0.00007972482,0.00008620942],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008832087,0.00064373005,0.00081209926,0.0008565358,0.00050672796,0.0012962526,0.0020080733,0.0012770491,0.0017090271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019723328,0.00046137162,0.0012306232,0.0011359022,0.0012521811,0.0010144564,0.00088754314,0.00081859325,0.00024310463],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034279743,0.000033997345,0.0045609684,0.000016722504,0.000042493524,0.00014689016,0.00006860393,0.9834224,0.0012076992,0.009060643,0.00017447965,0.0012308164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009724451,0.000014348719,0.0015867937,0.0000022351248,0.000010221351,0.000023322631,0.000018246916,0.9947343,0.00003343611,0.00347268,0.00008728301,0.0000073992856],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026053322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013153313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026053322,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016150821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006820477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05180335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792698856","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004047","title":"Seasonal Dynamics of Dissolved Methane in Lakes of the Mackenzie Delta and the Role of Carbon Substrate Quality","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Government of Northwest Territories; University of Alberta; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Aurora Research Institute; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board","keywords":"Macrophyte; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Thermokarst; Substrate (aquarium); Total organic carbon; Water quality; Organic matter; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental chemistry; Lake ecosystem; Biomass (ecology); Carbon fibers; Water column; Ecology; Oceanography; Geology; Ecosystem; Chemistry; Permafrost","score_opus":0.056947829667919864,"score_gpt":0.33440275534727915,"score_spread":0.27745492567935925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792698856","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996879,0.000041697356,0.000015476431,0.0000103035,5.35009e-7,0.0000012937721,0.00008848687,0.0000016639747,0.00015280445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996823,0.00002540381,0.000049118094,0.0000058469723,9.229787e-7,0.0000037257532,0.00009974917,7.386963e-7,0.0001321046],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999355,0.000008621507,0.000006699468,0.000016923641,0.000011211764,0.000021023123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980646,0.000017481663,0.00008471872,0.0000075281105,0.000040583913,0.000043223317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017299133,0.0001908017,0.00018666309,0.00072388485,0.0004005248,0.00046707017,0.00016382655,0.00016837109,0.00045717583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030794117,0.00020860047,0.00017098084,0.0005073923,0.00025886783,0.00029238994,0.00054770004,0.00014781507,0.00007157235],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017341804,0.000011978826,0.9903262,0.000020322175,0.000046375648,0.00007276444,0.00045975557,0.00010900893,0.006563915,0.000026388036,0.000063055966,0.0021268162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.442738e-7,0.000013526274,0.9994461,0.0000019329877,0.00000510605,0.000009825767,0.00019185271,0.000092595976,0.00012813634,0.000004229804,0.000104569066,0.0000013180386],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04244258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1042743,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95755744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008606513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034532152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08439112},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792948879","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004232","title":"UAV Remote Sensing Can Reveal the Effects of Low‐Impact Seismic Lines on Surface Morphology, Hydrology, and Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) Release in a Boreal Treed Bog","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Northern Alberta Institute of Technology; University of Waterloo; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Emissions Reduction Alberta; Shell Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Boreal; Peat; Water table; Hydrology (agriculture); Methane; Bog; Remote sensing; Geology; Groundwater; Ecology","score_opus":0.016084698322787184,"score_gpt":0.3039701983175922,"score_spread":0.287885499994805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792948879","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99917763,0.000021149166,0.00017847428,0.000014456285,0.000001573473,0.000003283051,0.00018211677,0.000025830217,0.0003955979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991647,0.00001664747,0.0004799604,0.000007581359,7.044261e-7,0.0000023700109,0.00015462765,0.0000023034925,0.00017107608],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994516,0.0000045352494,0.0000013460952,0.000010577464,0.000016053882,0.000022331627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99991727,0.000010367031,0.000017077842,0.0000055191363,0.000027245951,0.000022520018],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007686266,0.0001665538,0.00010329471,0.0003121411,0.00024889412,0.00026337465,0.00019669079,0.00013997414,0.0005700092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001524325,0.00008251022,0.00011504982,0.00032120405,0.00020005179,0.00011685625,0.0001670623,0.00013627835,0.00011205113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003213468,0.00016408094,0.86515325,0.000047246434,0.00005386221,0.00057255075,0.00066732435,0.007576466,0.09031425,0.00010620639,0.0010503369,0.033973113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000048846887,0.00003900113,0.9857304,0.000004094432,0.000010817433,0.000041463147,0.0006618044,0.011696764,0.0014153658,0.000020041187,0.00036948794,0.000006037546],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.30012262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5521703,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30012262,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007319566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004679729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59675145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793222464","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004084","title":"Model‐Data Fusion to Test Hypothesized Drivers of Lake Carbon Cycling Reveals Importance of Physical Controls","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Division of Graduate Education; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; University of Notre Dame; Center for Environmental Science and Technology, University of Notre Dame; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Hypolimnion; Lability; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Entrainment (biomusicology); Dissolved organic carbon; Stratification (seeds); Carbon fibers; Data assimilation; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Meteorology; Biology; Ecosystem; Geology; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.07123010055588022,"score_gpt":0.3259178597410183,"score_spread":0.2546877591851381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2793222464","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9778577,0.00009488971,0.020093273,0.00018215236,0.000024358771,0.000048746475,0.00039212976,0.000553868,0.0007529591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945963,0.000010106437,0.0049607432,0.000021005588,0.0000025409115,0.000017792376,0.00031286463,0.000020767064,0.0000578257],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880195,0.00047394828,0.00011136617,0.0003386818,0.00014153011,0.00013253531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99608696,0.0024327864,0.0003232354,0.00053952803,0.00045376393,0.00016382617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00734169,0.0010930893,0.00095482264,0.0006285108,0.0005787966,0.0012863427,0.0007557397,0.00094150205,0.0009860947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008848087,0.0007614321,0.0016380799,0.0007000417,0.0006057153,0.0019128069,0.0015320596,0.0010778044,0.00015061279],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00074238895,0.00029135807,0.042073455,0.00007220964,0.0006270838,0.000051176226,0.000108992026,0.9318051,0.008182401,0.00067062123,0.00026083892,0.015114362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000035941765,0.00009291961,0.00678822,0.0000047207914,0.00006376936,0.0000074877175,0.000023676781,0.9893574,0.003061519,0.00044006124,0.00010714359,0.000017076301],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019847969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010751623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019847969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014019049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016982711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03946489},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794172083","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004063","title":"No Correlation Between Atmospheric Dust and Surface Ocean Chlorophyll‐a in the Oligotrophic Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Israel Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Phytoplankton; Oceanography; Chlorophyll a; Atmospheric sciences; Dust storm; Storm; Productivity; Climatology; Nutrient; Geology; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.02669206853264298,"score_gpt":0.2692158058573528,"score_spread":0.2425237373247098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2794172083","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99960285,0.0000383957,0.000016843427,0.00002003215,0.0000022539696,8.2560035e-7,0.00011967352,0.0000012681226,0.00019776417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99966466,0.000027266253,0.000039763905,0.0000106845655,0.0000015130599,0.0000013670451,0.00014578193,4.4281686e-7,0.00010844551],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998605,0.000019317222,0.00001915955,0.000036653382,0.00003001272,0.00003431619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934655,0.00012120031,0.00022653912,0.000042822357,0.0001644391,0.00009843278],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038270414,0.00014150309,0.00016535215,0.0005065316,0.000427444,0.0005154796,0.000174757,0.00017498761,0.0007067544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009470044,0.00013496136,0.00016842874,0.00071050314,0.00037791775,0.00034131846,0.00030459353,0.00016735551,0.00008140017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045175864,0.000017340393,0.9962327,0.000010446108,0.000031285963,0.0000649447,0.00019325422,0.00014025609,0.0014336318,0.00002248725,0.00005916577,0.0017493798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016957752,0.000006970596,0.9995177,0.0000018452776,0.0000045862403,0.000011468494,0.00016021963,0.00015459656,0.000050541228,0.0000049376254,0.00008451738,9.877803e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18400806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2955174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18400806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008164486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00082868896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36587405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794413456","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004115","title":"Spatiotemporal Variability in Lake‐Atmosphere Net CO<sub>2</sub> Exchange in the Littoral Zone of an Oligotrophic Lake","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Littoral zone; Pelagic zone; Environmental science; Transect; Diel vertical migration; Spatial variability; Atmosphere (unit); Shore; Oceanography; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.03252497846409688,"score_gpt":0.29479834961800994,"score_spread":0.262273371153913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2794413456","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996747,0.000014426584,0.000033594162,0.0000037777904,3.3486336e-7,0.0000013523066,0.00013187854,0.0000025116883,0.00013740767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997161,0.000010409224,0.00004274539,0.000002984438,3.6707303e-7,0.0000021626486,0.00011855243,8.443014e-7,0.00010577084],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999597,0.0000029456805,0.0000026877315,0.000014779366,0.0000070702977,0.000012761405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999828,0.000024770612,0.00004738715,0.000009607801,0.000044793214,0.00004539991],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009373249,0.00009816041,0.0001637132,0.00036191923,0.0004050431,0.00045522436,0.00013316821,0.0001301133,0.00049258786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020445659,0.00010712275,0.000101344056,0.0004939516,0.00027886563,0.00013307264,0.0002849925,0.00009923351,0.000060669165],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018703329,0.000015033728,0.96370935,0.000027268761,0.000069599104,0.00012967704,0.000595958,0.0008639828,0.030886197,0.00005787007,0.00018791704,0.0032700056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.0720466e-7,0.0000033968722,0.9994086,0.0000010289905,0.0000032526762,0.00000769842,0.000068905174,0.0003468279,0.000115866416,0.0000025149168,0.00004014376,0.0000010923691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.32281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5000899,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012148028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00051561254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64186203},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794438067","doi":"10.1002/2017jg004337","title":"Flux and Seasonality of Dissolved Organic Matter From the Northern Dvina (Severnaya Dvina) River, Russia","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Division of Materials Research; Trust for Mutual Understanding; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Arctic; Environmental science; Organic matter; Total organic carbon; Seasonality; Physical geography; Oceanography; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Geology; Chemistry; Geography","score_opus":0.024140666784154365,"score_gpt":0.269261882446776,"score_spread":0.24512121566262166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2794438067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993887,0.000044948298,0.00007145346,0.000005391577,0.0000017845358,0.0000013150764,0.00024065436,0.0000061167902,0.00023955184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991406,0.00003733095,0.00011277175,0.0000034946968,0.000002071677,0.000003543828,0.00041117062,0.0000022878296,0.00028669223],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999925,0.0000069869106,0.0000056008453,0.00003617542,0.000014343731,0.000011922848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999151,0.00001458156,0.000027806384,0.000004558963,0.000023618808,0.000014327294],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012061824,0.00017358022,0.0002112624,0.0004765041,0.00035746765,0.000562972,0.00014393052,0.00018775267,0.00033572534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014769108,0.0001331742,0.00016919106,0.00053750916,0.0001769259,0.0001724847,0.0002487499,0.00015713421,0.00007491535],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016393144,0.000049193834,0.95591575,0.00004938755,0.00008284555,0.0001839173,0.0005742124,0.0008077242,0.034150336,0.000088448214,0.00017034229,0.0077638943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001997649,0.000015678628,0.9977028,0.0000031257262,0.000011197618,0.000031006697,0.00015960919,0.0005523045,0.0011249123,0.000013918221,0.00038085209,0.0000027163412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019191368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023117907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019191368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047700395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002693918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03815931},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2795847860","doi":"10.1002/2017jg003797","title":"Spatial patterns of DOC concentration and DOM optical properties in a Brazilian tropical river‐wetland system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Biome; Wetland; Dissolved organic carbon; Dry season; Environmental science; Humus; Drainage basin; Wet season; Hydrology (agriculture); Transect; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geography; Soil science; Soil water; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.03332746056494204,"score_gpt":0.27805393430876896,"score_spread":0.24472647374382692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2795847860","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99954176,0.000045018594,0.0000428141,0.000009646214,4.18575e-7,0.0000032997848,0.000112072164,0.000002573127,0.00024237018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99974877,0.000025320427,0.000077736,0.000003896308,6.220321e-7,0.0000035763057,0.00008704234,7.6548395e-7,0.000052256015],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998611,0.000022753757,0.000009746795,0.000050536328,0.000020246334,0.000035513942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996661,0.00006803341,0.00010376606,0.000025696861,0.000092997376,0.000043487387],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019034579,0.00012320341,0.00021310424,0.0007156989,0.00033978766,0.00047772314,0.00022152174,0.00018744034,0.00051688607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00056041585,0.00015100594,0.00015596153,0.0008795937,0.00035384786,0.00017090146,0.0003585506,0.00009500889,0.000069094356],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004094949,0.000021469004,0.9865465,0.000027694312,0.000038861705,0.00010503173,0.0010861644,0.00012313284,0.00612529,0.00006567016,0.000071715636,0.0057474566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001143598,0.0000093292665,0.9989292,0.0000033812703,0.0000055709565,0.00003457089,0.0005012578,0.00023187595,0.000101281046,0.00001007374,0.00016981435,0.0000024740568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.097200334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.15762638,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.097200334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00057438173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003436358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19326913},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2797910253","doi":"10.1029/2017jg004281","title":"Revisiting the Estimate of the North Sea Air‐Sea Flux of CO<sub>2</sub> in 2001/2002: The Dominant Role of Different Wind Data Products","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Climatology; North sea; Norwegian; Submarine pipeline; Environmental science; Wind speed; Oceanography; Offshore wind power; Wind direction; Geology; Meteorology; Wind power; Geography","score_opus":0.035936649222829437,"score_gpt":0.29765691358494323,"score_spread":0.2617202643621138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2797910253","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964735,0.00023246382,0.0007779975,0.00008488196,0.000015609763,0.000012124754,0.0012371684,0.000048885366,0.0011174978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99153143,0.00027798902,0.0031611628,0.000054176617,0.000017184871,0.000017505972,0.004402359,0.00003857933,0.00049963396],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997563,0.000051028615,0.000039968683,0.0000643107,0.000061549086,0.000026961294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913317,0.00024327198,0.00015611395,0.00011714225,0.0003002278,0.000050064984],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009895972,0.0005071505,0.00033250346,0.0009786008,0.00031054477,0.0012099255,0.00034172187,0.00045137454,0.00038200486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015804094,0.0004903918,0.00045729414,0.0012005967,0.00012691082,0.00076472876,0.00035638595,0.00031105382,0.00022449082],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028349223,0.00010397337,0.9189386,0.0001594881,0.00026682726,0.0004448871,0.00028005827,0.024446346,0.013146519,0.0002287424,0.0018962137,0.039804723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003400242,0.000033644566,0.9521767,0.00005042822,0.0000777487,0.000072989125,0.00017647601,0.04109709,0.0032650977,0.00005497054,0.0029388627,0.000021944485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.081181526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.103334635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.081181526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00064283377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070601923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16141802},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800584395","doi":"10.1029/2017jg004319","title":"Accelerated Nutrient Cycling and Increased Light Competition Will Lead to 21st Century Shrub Expansion in North American Arctic Tundra","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Tundra; Environmental science; Evergreen; Shrub; Ecology; Arctic vegetation; Deciduous; Ecosystem; Arctic; Vegetation (pathology); Boreal; Biology","score_opus":0.05801989481806171,"score_gpt":0.32175040976884445,"score_spread":0.26373051495078276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2800584395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955277,0.00012739221,0.0013392717,0.00021137676,0.000021468608,0.000004692501,0.0004729459,0.000052378327,0.0022428087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99878925,0.0000840154,0.00048162456,0.000047916987,0.000005551747,0.0000062875047,0.00017647952,0.0000075587036,0.0004013203],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999002,0.000024216833,0.0000055836304,0.000029110433,0.000014689934,0.000026183594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998758,0.000018321003,0.000030141164,0.000013073877,0.000035270095,0.000027337424],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003774074,0.00029329816,0.0001638386,0.0002479933,0.00051725423,0.00079670793,0.00038444984,0.00041250882,0.0014933776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037615007,0.00020152537,0.00060344907,0.00031604315,0.00022167242,0.0004292461,0.00038543477,0.00036165726,0.000121206824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000112833,0.0001410368,0.3526321,0.00007773973,0.00032396993,0.0003041994,0.00016283101,0.6202299,0.013237713,0.0033808607,0.0017025905,0.007694246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000048497233,0.00009310487,0.2757726,0.000029127757,0.00013218465,0.00013034698,0.00042973727,0.7155926,0.0019984078,0.0018212654,0.003909235,0.000042976164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15266958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16117057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84733045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017310855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010169685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30356187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802048918","doi":"10.1029/2017jg004311","title":"The Ephemeral Signature of Permafrost Carbon in an Arctic Fluvial Network","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Florida State University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Dissolved organic carbon; Fluvial; Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Arctic; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Total organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Oceanography; Chemistry; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geomorphology; Structural basin","score_opus":0.06257326442428403,"score_gpt":0.33920597095022514,"score_spread":0.27663270652594113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2802048918","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995498,0.000030047862,0.0000523537,0.000003851048,4.828493e-7,8.668375e-7,0.00013852368,0.0000028004229,0.00022130215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99966204,0.000015848595,0.00008439556,0.000002495407,0.0000010066886,0.000001386468,0.00015722238,7.598479e-7,0.000074849864],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993825,0.0000075020316,0.0000055978176,0.000021529859,0.0000112083535,0.000015943004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997732,0.000027077138,0.00008635119,0.0000144214855,0.00006764035,0.000031172192],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000112628,0.000118735654,0.00012406058,0.0007361212,0.00038292838,0.00034764662,0.00015083657,0.00015003928,0.00057598227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002419141,0.000068951915,0.00008838068,0.0006297937,0.00022946995,0.00016659257,0.00024007498,0.00005976897,0.00006070875],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059041013,0.000011023189,0.9745747,0.000023483997,0.000030525705,0.00017698231,0.00027758066,0.0009163399,0.01923371,0.00009381468,0.00008978611,0.0045129843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.4275565e-7,0.000008187862,0.99840146,0.0000027882595,0.000004113434,0.00004829786,0.00013776688,0.00083060574,0.0004017386,0.000016449578,0.00014660553,0.0000013100764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01846641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.034721557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01846641,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038470133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024246899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.036717832},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802959632","doi":"10.1029/2017jg004195","title":"Atmospheric and Surface Climate Associated With 1986–2013 Wildfires in North America","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; U.S. Geological Survey; National Interagency Fire Center; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Climatology; Environmental science; Climate model; Atmospheric circulation; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Geology","score_opus":0.01463603949247527,"score_gpt":0.27688263903901206,"score_spread":0.2622465995465368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2802959632","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976857,0.000048982372,0.00017684221,0.00005267973,0.00000630283,0.0000047389512,0.0015836953,0.00003230105,0.00040873495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99742043,0.000049040766,0.00021687981,0.000011505132,0.000005896557,0.000008066474,0.0021517565,0.0000070045658,0.00012932144],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998659,0.00003219697,0.000009015009,0.000036994785,0.000025819036,0.000029989993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971133,0.00006222372,0.00007230762,0.000027693335,0.00007429605,0.000052094634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040823262,0.00022634307,0.00025583172,0.00042093458,0.00038597654,0.00042508618,0.00031068278,0.00038131425,0.0011063216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00082044635,0.00021813721,0.0005222846,0.0007509968,0.0002532761,0.0003165356,0.00032375116,0.00027862698,0.000116209194],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032668092,0.00023003884,0.77494735,0.00005543487,0.00026742576,0.00021167187,0.00016337355,0.21399418,0.0020751504,0.00045528455,0.0027703892,0.004503077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005040616,0.000040915445,0.8318677,0.000014736375,0.000049757284,0.00005065168,0.00019633367,0.16599968,0.000717155,0.00021883144,0.00077233964,0.000021522099],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12676366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14191538,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87323636,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012464236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00056988426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2520516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2804236350","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004506","title":"Generalized Additive Models of Climatic and Metabolic Controls of Subannual Variation in pCO<sub>2</sub> in Productive Hardwater Lakes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; University of Regina","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Regina","keywords":"Environmental science; Diel vertical migration; Photosynthesis; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide; Atmospheric sciences; Respiration; Climate change; Flux (metallurgy); Climatic variability; Ecology; Ecosystem; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Biology; Geology; Botany","score_opus":0.028367956840544408,"score_gpt":0.27441553715971445,"score_spread":0.24604758031917004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2804236350","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843072,0.000121848134,0.014214625,0.00017045069,0.000011816298,0.000026891446,0.00062520255,0.00009308652,0.0004287288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99777323,0.000039173494,0.001156792,0.000020674286,0.000005289289,0.000025941135,0.0002828945,0.000010723726,0.0006852981],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988757,0.00055844936,0.000047007205,0.00026091727,0.000059208847,0.00019877992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973775,0.0017064643,0.00039758623,0.0001698955,0.00023341547,0.0001152076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029957057,0.0008345665,0.0006602895,0.00079607154,0.0005047642,0.0011630617,0.0011793886,0.00067352486,0.0012085871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0044001066,0.00069704093,0.0018942703,0.00069395226,0.0007825009,0.00048237937,0.0008322135,0.0006506137,0.000115176495],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035470477,0.00013306772,0.14476238,0.000056364344,0.0015331198,0.00047726306,0.00040376573,0.8342523,0.0050586583,0.00501369,0.00080743403,0.0071472228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027348824,0.00007857438,0.08016321,0.0000073837846,0.0001825617,0.000033975255,0.00013142204,0.91590726,0.0002907936,0.0027340075,0.00039916782,0.000044230263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17422251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12129752,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17422251,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015867626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011337872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3464169},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2806706627","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004408","title":"Yields and Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter From Different Aged Soils in Northern Alaska","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Division of Ocean Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Soil water; Organic matter; Total organic carbon; Soil organic matter; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Humus; Environmental science; Soil science","score_opus":0.046763478863035876,"score_gpt":0.29262632047985687,"score_spread":0.24586284161682098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2806706627","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989618,0.00018567973,0.0001342122,0.0000024627861,0.000002038233,0.0000022732368,0.00030902989,0.000004674229,0.00039788923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985876,0.00019861668,0.0003309623,0.000006701472,0.0000031956288,0.0000053383974,0.000471003,0.000004864571,0.0003917835],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998877,0.000005186089,0.000011732616,0.000046874244,0.000031923442,0.00001662517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999848,0.000014679839,0.000030149124,0.000007056736,0.000074779804,0.000025365141],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017006656,0.00028093002,0.00023262516,0.0010997159,0.0004975186,0.0005868946,0.00016698267,0.00018249829,0.00028485287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001585727,0.0001640052,0.00014302005,0.00085139525,0.00021718361,0.00030082278,0.00029976948,0.0001278824,0.00010616168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019054126,0.000040094943,0.7545428,0.000118676006,0.00008889778,0.0002998874,0.00077349215,0.0007931163,0.23062974,0.000067286135,0.000045322304,0.012410138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000023021605,0.000030549134,0.98780525,0.0000099641065,0.00002625027,0.00011295179,0.00059836346,0.00052256533,0.010077606,0.00004303359,0.00076325325,0.000007924194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027571505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.034167606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027571505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004670132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031961742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.054822028},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2811326716","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004388","title":"Gas Transfer Velocities Evaluated Using Carbon Dioxide as a Tracer Show High Streamflow to Be a Major Driver of Total CO<sub>2</sub> Evasion Flux for a Headwater Stream","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"STREAMS; TRACER; Environmental science; Carbon dioxide; Streamflow; Hydrology (agriculture); Evasion (ethics); Turbulence; Range (aeronautics); Flux (metallurgy); Flow (mathematics); Atmospheric sciences; Chemistry; Geology; Meteorology; Physics; Mechanics; Materials science; Geography","score_opus":0.03392184426847897,"score_gpt":0.31021586351886243,"score_spread":0.27629401925038344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2811326716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982784,0.00004077203,0.0004526641,0.000008103736,0.000001363328,0.000011039962,0.0003388688,0.00003578087,0.0008332062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985669,0.000044878543,0.0007708625,0.000006406677,7.66079e-7,0.0000073311276,0.0002493351,0.0000048518027,0.00034874366],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992657,0.0000031437069,0.00000340503,0.000018516368,0.000028280036,0.000020055995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987376,0.00002110253,0.000033484415,0.000004905093,0.00004606571,0.0000207357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000941291,0.00022503002,0.0001880117,0.0004386789,0.00054162403,0.00070517475,0.00019301892,0.00019118395,0.00081740296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002701681,0.0001053329,0.00010652014,0.0004986778,0.00024395238,0.00020744096,0.00014510404,0.00023340031,0.000117011805],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015384422,0.00008342345,0.80503947,0.00005532701,0.00004670857,0.00012945718,0.00032571788,0.0028908886,0.16624115,0.0001307745,0.00047130545,0.024431871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000027409285,0.000042271604,0.9810876,0.000003841237,0.000008100812,0.000022535245,0.00019232478,0.0047413884,0.013573681,0.000021591974,0.00029741574,0.0000066102157],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.34835103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5239459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34835103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012806851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00094225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6926468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883091656","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004468","title":"Catchment‐Scale Shifts in the Magnitude and Partitioning of Carbon Export in Response to Changing Hydrologic Connectivity in a Northern Hardwood Forest","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Ecotone; Drainage basin; Wetland; Carbon cycle; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil carbon; Carbon fibers; Dissolved organic carbon; Climate change; Soil water; Ecology; Ecosystem; Soil science; Geology; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.030040052318608262,"score_gpt":0.30970528593460533,"score_spread":0.27966523361599704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2883091656","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998858,0.00000560396,0.000023562343,0.0000037812376,1.4210514e-7,8.9929e-7,0.000027007713,0.0000015711203,0.000051727402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998579,0.0000047535555,0.00003104888,0.0000027442736,4.9745597e-7,0.0000015089857,0.000061372455,7.443382e-7,0.000039427403],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999206,0.000016970387,0.0000035791454,0.000025109615,0.000009265809,0.000024462332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977964,0.00006454852,0.00004924803,0.000013573969,0.00002463772,0.000068359186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025369134,0.00010744562,0.00019240244,0.00037937498,0.0002604535,0.0004954717,0.00019546846,0.00019070531,0.0006655701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045255932,0.0000859458,0.00019765919,0.00041453654,0.00039646635,0.00029430824,0.0002757714,0.00013451529,0.000041217347],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044918153,0.00013244065,0.9566347,0.00003022496,0.00009048341,0.00040836242,0.00087860716,0.0035973783,0.03294489,0.00014980351,0.00012506016,0.004558841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000031182983,0.000011961494,0.99848735,6.4953275e-7,0.0000040325044,0.00001542252,0.00010974658,0.0011992861,0.00010855689,0.000022514594,0.00003571768,0.0000016606216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.035985306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.042863112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.035985306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075034896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002426776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07155168},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884255809","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004385","title":"Coralline Algae Archive Fjord Surface Water Temperatures in Southwest Greenland","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Electric (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Geological Society of America","keywords":"Fjord; Greenland ice sheet; Glacier; Oceanography; Geology; Meltwater; Glacial period; Ice sheet; Iceberg; Physical geography; Geomorphology; Geography","score_opus":0.04765499278298968,"score_gpt":0.3076148223202846,"score_spread":0.2599598295372949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2884255809","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990947,0.00017255657,0.00010095302,0.00004552996,0.000010632549,0.000008323415,0.007228865,0.00003633047,0.001449824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885598,0.00015369791,0.0005756904,0.000062908744,0.00001646798,0.0000187086,0.009441938,0.000016156486,0.0011545925],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999889,0.000009178501,0.000011869348,0.000038028014,0.00002751675,0.000024345869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957186,0.000026076206,0.00014305918,0.000051400963,0.00014444036,0.0000631696],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024509334,0.0001895601,0.00020839354,0.0010903563,0.00045689478,0.0005665295,0.0002688881,0.000206188,0.0009905196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039691804,0.00009721417,0.00014710541,0.0011856734,0.00018737692,0.0002509491,0.0004073855,0.00014318926,0.00034600004],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010002613,0.000049498583,0.9778176,0.00003945863,0.000054205662,0.00016931364,0.00042246244,0.0006329743,0.006221693,0.000051078456,0.0020134102,0.012428354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016992019,0.0000045892853,0.9986524,0.0000040493965,0.0000039222427,0.000015111755,0.00007284915,0.00015444036,0.00019251509,0.0000044905782,0.0008929155,0.0000011622977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19636275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.38747403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19636275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008792727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00084051286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39043957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886382195","doi":"10.1029/2017jg004327","title":"Drivers of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Vent and Major Conduits of the World's Largest Freshwater Spring","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Division of Materials Research; Norsk Sykepleierforbund; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Colored dissolved organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Groundwater; Organic matter; Spring (device); Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental chemistry; Dilution; Oceanography; Geology; Ecology; Chemistry; Nutrient; Phytoplankton","score_opus":0.02391352548958981,"score_gpt":0.27382922384343783,"score_spread":0.24991569835384803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2886382195","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99952126,0.00003340153,0.0000318709,0.000022436321,0.0000014986639,0.000002109309,0.00022483178,0.0000035520816,0.000159122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996222,0.000022566166,0.00005514286,0.0000064997434,0.0000020037326,0.0000025819354,0.00018853454,0.0000018388614,0.00009849064],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999019,0.0000088876495,0.0000069120447,0.000039000406,0.000015365711,0.000027902042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996568,0.000040687773,0.0001508734,0.000010864584,0.000052049487,0.0000887131],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013324215,0.0001791938,0.00018614481,0.0005259667,0.00036636912,0.00070604286,0.00022011137,0.000238617,0.0009493383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040411053,0.00014583336,0.0002025817,0.0009681885,0.00030415304,0.00041062693,0.0006210704,0.00021459821,0.00008795676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041485557,0.000014158834,0.9908024,0.000026642092,0.00003337727,0.00016004368,0.0003432548,0.00014239943,0.0055890125,0.00009941414,0.00013298198,0.0026148662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.6830986e-7,0.0000066694042,0.99919385,0.000002849909,0.0000041870576,0.000020681286,0.0003004311,0.00019138714,0.000115556846,0.000014903872,0.0001469284,0.0000017818379],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02538878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.057060633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02538878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056787155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004369756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.050481975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2887957909","doi":"10.1029/2017jg004316","title":"Stoichiometric N:P Ratios, Temperature, and Iron Impact Carbon and Nitrogen Uptake by Ross Sea Microbial Communities","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Nutrient; Phytoplankton; Nitrate; Environmental chemistry; Nitrogen; Bay; Microorganism; Redfield ratio; Chemistry; Phosphorus; Bicarbonate; Microbial population biology; Environmental science; Oceanography; Biology; Geology; Bacteria","score_opus":0.024927470592052206,"score_gpt":0.28975492474742165,"score_spread":0.26482745415536946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2887957909","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997546,0.000041009964,0.00003080434,0.0000059531794,8.492941e-7,0.000003871359,0.00004666356,0.0000012926843,0.00011505588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993736,0.00005705994,0.00022534525,0.000015390553,0.0000017764146,0.00001179526,0.00016994354,0.0000017803713,0.00014336046],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995894,0.000099476296,0.000047657206,0.00012054036,0.0000711102,0.000071751354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954295,0.00011611408,0.00010495787,0.000029423154,0.00009591264,0.00011068985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040307367,0.0004568345,0.00033953006,0.00028732375,0.00030760022,0.00064855,0.00024465861,0.0003612557,0.000388823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048212352,0.00027495623,0.0003110556,0.00018955811,0.0003795582,0.00035318866,0.0005712291,0.0002506368,0.00011440524],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007198464,0.00011326911,0.065447256,0.0000676593,0.00006135022,0.00007582716,0.00018119506,0.00032851892,0.9303405,0.00003868679,0.000030716634,0.0025951592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004534698,0.0020525944,0.8979741,0.000013756149,0.00007611113,0.00015690138,0.0006815544,0.0027949938,0.09561456,0.0000732596,0.00048875314,0.000028063798],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059641325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010523876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0059641325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050081324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004660022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011858821},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888043105","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004472","title":"Evaluating GPP and Respiration Estimates Over Northern Midlatitude Ecosystems Using Solar‐Induced Fluorescence and Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Measurements","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Primary production; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Carbon cycle; Biosphere; Ecosystem; Middle latitudes; Terrestrial ecosystem; Ecosystem respiration; Flux (metallurgy); Climatology; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.0892474590911923,"score_gpt":0.36234188763817254,"score_spread":0.27309442854698024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2888043105","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979069,0.000042705487,0.0014912974,0.000022688459,0.0000018810172,0.0000044005233,0.0002326797,0.00007797839,0.0002195019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975345,0.000020813817,0.0018468816,0.0000065993913,0.0000017280564,0.0000070687993,0.0005214513,0.00001472166,0.00004610852],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998499,0.00004037963,0.000010836795,0.000053363827,0.00002255659,0.000022971139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996208,0.00016374051,0.00006789233,0.000057987494,0.00005570076,0.00003386247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00091616396,0.00061583973,0.00040825948,0.00041886338,0.00032261238,0.00051422475,0.00041845744,0.0005462919,0.00034218185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012254338,0.0003517951,0.00066944107,0.00049539027,0.00022217538,0.0005041139,0.00032697897,0.00027823143,0.0000601935],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045641296,0.00016741682,0.30421922,0.00006279549,0.0004261534,0.00016618764,0.00011643932,0.64353544,0.025230262,0.00020577972,0.00032525117,0.025088586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005497623,0.00006912927,0.20090131,0.0000066927882,0.000073345866,0.000040063933,0.000066886954,0.79114234,0.00714795,0.00021263423,0.00025763313,0.000027025546],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029901994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036875755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029901994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008831115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060165266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05945587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888843824","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004515","title":"Hydrologic and Edaphic Controls on Soil Carbon Emission in Dongting Lake Floodplain, China","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Edaphic; Carex; Wetland; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Floodplain; Soil water; Soil carbon; Flux (metallurgy); Ecology; Soil science; Chemistry; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.02089317695345659,"score_gpt":0.30399957787132154,"score_spread":0.28310640091786493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2888843824","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999754,0.00002153076,0.000026922973,0.000011329965,7.5400123e-7,0.0000016673872,0.00008721272,0.0000027983142,0.00009380289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99967504,0.000025358891,0.00003263427,0.000006253726,0.0000014348592,0.0000034660684,0.00014258985,6.8705066e-7,0.000112606744],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999218,0.000010208327,0.000007130715,0.000021428928,0.000013077322,0.000026278343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985313,0.000017048857,0.00004694809,0.000008424484,0.000030967472,0.00004338777],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016161468,0.00030339137,0.00016183936,0.0005678548,0.0003023285,0.00033051017,0.00015672122,0.00014682612,0.0004238773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014320278,0.00014640727,0.00025515404,0.0005457459,0.00028117117,0.00022134336,0.0003116769,0.00009950281,0.000023578687],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000095882446,0.0000389602,0.97595644,0.000037616992,0.000097068856,0.00016778601,0.00041142167,0.0009837332,0.017414818,0.000070418006,0.00013004184,0.0045957454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016578937,0.00000859951,0.9991999,7.377543e-7,0.0000058066685,0.00000634638,0.000084545805,0.00043284087,0.0001752082,0.000006239777,0.00007595293,0.0000020729858],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09185941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14319386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09185941,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010249838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00071801164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18264943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889556949","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004470","title":"An Assessment of Dissolved Organic Carbon Biodegradability and Priming in Blackwater Systems","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Blackwater; Environmental chemistry; Leachate; Biodegradation; Chemistry; Aquatic ecosystem; Mesocosm; Organic matter; Environmental science; Nutrient; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.03703431194843802,"score_gpt":0.3424218897872927,"score_spread":0.3053875778388547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889556949","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99940276,0.000083212886,0.00019915678,0.000008158437,0.0000015251936,0.000016297832,0.00010212846,0.000005544175,0.00018121711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99728405,0.00020040429,0.0017235735,0.000023614015,0.0000034279196,0.000036900245,0.00021812158,0.0000052534847,0.000504648],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999785,0.000024134439,0.000016269507,0.00007021992,0.00007164832,0.000032657535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972886,0.000029784438,0.000114244256,0.000009999741,0.00006832254,0.000048751375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002543809,0.00048959407,0.00030520806,0.00037191602,0.00034312758,0.0006109684,0.00019945376,0.00042713198,0.00040201188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002974779,0.00014484276,0.00022381848,0.00025898928,0.00021556555,0.0004538244,0.0004589053,0.00028105165,0.00007959297],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001320355,0.000036189977,0.014921742,0.000041904306,0.000014176254,0.000034780664,0.000054843993,0.000089824425,0.9820079,0.000016686992,0.000009840912,0.0026399721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017400167,0.0018651258,0.25558704,0.000025536718,0.00006780648,0.00010794756,0.0004858813,0.002072122,0.73832446,0.000087691726,0.0013337127,0.000025290165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0040568262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0058769803,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0040568262,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053388363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003474069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008066416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890282998","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004659","title":"Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Dissolved Carbon Biogeochemistry of Rivers Draining to the Canadian Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Impact; Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Government of Alberta","keywords":"Bay; Biogeochemistry; Alkalinity; Arctic; Oceanography; Environmental science; Total organic carbon; Dissolved organic carbon; Drainage basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Ecology; Geography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.040545609646977024,"score_gpt":0.29125774292583734,"score_spread":0.2507121332788603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890282998","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99539953,0.00027360578,0.00010844164,0.000099425415,0.000009852396,0.000008848677,0.0024610318,0.00001572525,0.001623495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99798113,0.00018221258,0.00020739375,0.000031164487,0.0000031046968,0.000006636416,0.0011508868,0.000004164973,0.00043343622],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99971634,0.000021103919,0.000016926873,0.00007722092,0.00009402396,0.000074322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892944,0.00007882212,0.00012760461,0.000027936383,0.0006836652,0.0001524778],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003536695,0.0002524391,0.00029239745,0.0014585541,0.0012321396,0.00093095185,0.00049675774,0.00018108853,0.0006292672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000876382,0.00017523037,0.00027985882,0.0023769452,0.00052175316,0.00018450042,0.00046472592,0.00020563276,0.00006038104],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047157486,0.000008441135,0.99166393,0.000030444198,0.000082080434,0.000053910524,0.00057046313,0.00045621532,0.0018401458,0.000120337405,0.00074775866,0.00437916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014578267,0.0000026097005,0.9984263,0.000007814254,0.000010669151,0.000010720864,0.00049474987,0.00028288455,0.00012536046,0.000009937595,0.0006227818,0.000004604693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97955155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98993534,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020448446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009761911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008631345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07082796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890492794","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004464","title":"The Extent and Regulation of Summer Methane Oxidation in Northern Lakes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Epilimnion; Sink (geography); Dissolved organic carbon; Water column; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Anaerobic oxidation of methane; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Methane; Chemistry; Ecology; Nutrient; Hypolimnion; Eutrophication; Biology","score_opus":0.026040949262520194,"score_gpt":0.3060665131505421,"score_spread":0.2800255638880219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890492794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996444,0.000034685294,0.000054840013,0.0000082093675,3.4285287e-7,0.0000012390911,0.00009495849,0.0000032551504,0.00015802156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99965477,0.000017772745,0.000065857224,0.0000045477295,3.389868e-7,0.0000019763488,0.00009526879,9.828965e-7,0.00015850512],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999399,0.000009524068,0.0000023484906,0.000018130577,0.000009854943,0.000020194704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999811,0.000037781778,0.000051211355,0.000008766562,0.00006090646,0.0000303235],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013606476,0.0001513522,0.000164518,0.00023287261,0.00043715496,0.0003417543,0.00013876997,0.0001932701,0.00044896675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024845597,0.00014893402,0.00013790965,0.00020071727,0.00025397036,0.00016167,0.00017524189,0.00012327744,0.000050017403],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004824144,0.00005499484,0.8137873,0.000055518012,0.00008084466,0.0000993071,0.00060353556,0.0037834677,0.17486534,0.00012273695,0.00021634245,0.0058482587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016627636,0.000014763426,0.9967288,0.0000011247538,0.000005211762,0.000007518735,0.00007239553,0.0016638669,0.0013933659,0.0000142940235,0.00009475976,0.000002229769],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.32300237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4227733,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32300237,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021313285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00078585313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6422446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891539238","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004461","title":"Biodegradability of Thermokarst Carbon in a Till‐Associated, Glacial Margin Landscape: The Case of the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; International Atomic Energy Agency; Government of Alberta; Polar Knowledge Canada","keywords":"Permafrost; Thermokarst; Glacial period; Geology; Arctic; Plateau (mathematics); Lability; Holocene; Dissolved organic carbon; Fluvial; Active layer; Pleistocene; Surface runoff; Geomorphology; Physical geography; Oceanography; Paleontology; Ecology; Chemistry; Layer (electronics); Geography","score_opus":0.04965080456891171,"score_gpt":0.29953781162655796,"score_spread":0.24988700705764624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2891539238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985902,0.00008821253,0.000036817335,0.00002168884,5.629467e-7,0.0000059863364,0.00018807406,0.000002164942,0.0010662156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991799,0.000082586754,0.00010565565,0.000007706258,4.9272535e-7,0.0000019568827,0.00012164185,0.0000016853593,0.0004983208],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998599,0.000005630761,0.0000038997864,0.000029089808,0.000042112988,0.000059337883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977666,0.000020086292,0.000019908419,0.000007180214,0.00013660021,0.000039569026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012070776,0.00018431086,0.00015751494,0.0008988343,0.0017886064,0.0012188479,0.00042526246,0.00022722398,0.0008789954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031235337,0.00008527996,0.00020818897,0.0014982426,0.0005897476,0.0003307548,0.0002874024,0.0001681633,0.00007656697],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025085837,0.000089978465,0.95001966,0.0000867653,0.00007935908,0.002088477,0.0015637531,0.004505368,0.021423517,0.00049956935,0.00042344583,0.018969242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000045307834,0.000038683924,0.98861676,0.0000120178265,0.000021924872,0.00019510179,0.0035688474,0.0041030594,0.002061073,0.0000857097,0.0012785051,0.000013851839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97517234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9879581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02482766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.012236432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0052033123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08878195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891724038","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004574","title":"The Stoichiometry of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in Peat","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Nature Conservancy of Canada; Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Chemistry; Bog; Environmental chemistry; Oxygen; Carbon fibers; Decomposition; Mineralization (soil science); Sphagnum; Ecology; Nitrogen; Biology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.02449666150142817,"score_gpt":0.316729485568621,"score_spread":0.29223282406719286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2891724038","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999113,0.00018951314,0.00009734641,0.000003416524,8.701519e-7,0.0000026986258,0.00015029445,0.0000025089441,0.0004403343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992298,0.000103757084,0.00017249602,0.0000043412088,5.443089e-7,0.000003493529,0.0001755133,0.000001602581,0.000308347],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999044,0.0000055112596,0.000004765997,0.000028034434,0.000033551067,0.000023804341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998938,0.00001224026,0.000020603531,0.000003242205,0.000048430793,0.000021671987],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010361512,0.00011797139,0.00008706985,0.00061501743,0.0005027175,0.0004023646,0.0001549085,0.00011268676,0.0003915398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019935737,0.00014064055,0.000053935528,0.00037639326,0.0003058302,0.00015411159,0.00016555487,0.0000957791,0.000060160794],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034708215,0.000017498376,0.57917863,0.000138965,0.000068864865,0.00020254799,0.00094394916,0.00062571384,0.40724543,0.00019575717,0.00014507916,0.010890478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000025415932,0.000028814462,0.9827542,0.0000091412885,0.000011905343,0.00008529126,0.00053597114,0.00054326194,0.015064412,0.00005970894,0.0009002339,0.000004532898],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18539335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3290008,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18539335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011054034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005974891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36862844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2903825391","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004497","title":"Impact of an Extreme Storm Event on River Corridor Bank Erosion and Phosphorus Mobilization in a Mountainous Watershed in the Northeastern United States","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, National Science Foundation","keywords":"Hydrology (agriculture); Watershed; Environmental science; Riparian zone; Erosion; Sediment; Storm; Phosphorus; Surface runoff; STREAMS; Drainage basin; Bank erosion; Geology; Ecology; Oceanography; Geography","score_opus":0.060915131934220976,"score_gpt":0.3271856919415263,"score_spread":0.2662705600073053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2903825391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99958724,0.000016644775,0.000011108292,0.000037386904,0.0000011665232,0.000002260687,0.0001505974,0.0000015184646,0.00019210207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99953806,0.000028550523,0.000036420613,0.00003431213,0.0000022450258,0.0000045790703,0.00024199604,6.782505e-7,0.00011306649],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998572,0.00004071883,0.000010420348,0.00002794372,0.000027883583,0.0000359103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994691,0.00007596151,0.00016325415,0.000021248894,0.00010750966,0.0001629844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021210933,0.00011974829,0.00017118116,0.0003920106,0.0007548213,0.00055235944,0.00024819412,0.00025455945,0.0009941563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052064605,0.00012594229,0.00014186041,0.0007226563,0.0003244708,0.00024752464,0.0004585443,0.00033191688,0.00006694347],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028077478,0.000041056333,0.9981121,0.0000028181792,0.000018462386,0.000096012285,0.00016093515,0.0000641764,0.00018215274,0.000008097967,0.0001857383,0.0011003886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000013947404,0.000009943554,0.99941766,0.0000019181286,0.0000033262422,0.000018518562,0.00033742984,0.00012322553,0.000012243746,0.0000039977344,0.000069455105,9.2485317e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2912433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.59164506,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2912433,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010897747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00081002526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5790962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2905994855","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004658","title":"The Influence of Sediment‐Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in the Vistula River Estuary/Gulf of Gdansk","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond; European Commission","keywords":"Estuary; Sediment; Oceanography; Environmental science; Organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Ecology; Geomorphology; Biology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.019064631199513533,"score_gpt":0.2782407673823412,"score_spread":0.2591761361828277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2905994855","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99918455,0.00010882607,0.000013893504,0.000022537859,0.000003415664,0.0000014569733,0.00014744388,0.0000028302002,0.00051489234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99905556,0.00009603131,0.00008700073,0.000030259002,0.0000012106256,0.0000028081636,0.0003102561,0.0000034787781,0.00041333702],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984586,0.000019449126,0.000018561443,0.00004621108,0.00003464124,0.00003520415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998215,0.000026312893,0.000043996144,0.000011471203,0.0000638181,0.00003300836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002247562,0.0002220208,0.00021982592,0.00066735456,0.00042675508,0.0008967415,0.00019052665,0.00021578703,0.0003112888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003804584,0.00014526435,0.00023070966,0.00053514255,0.00040629838,0.00019495566,0.000711648,0.00024356124,0.000096425996],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042935557,0.0001001041,0.92793065,0.000113333874,0.0002671615,0.0007125945,0.0009482531,0.0024248287,0.048141975,0.00033881614,0.0005585252,0.018034445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000075779017,0.00003140842,0.99567443,0.000016819735,0.000037199985,0.0000660893,0.00057450245,0.00061433885,0.0018846428,0.00003060069,0.0010566949,0.000005740008],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11591534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17265458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11591534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019806675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012658144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23048133},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912743005","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004741","title":"Residence Time Controls on the Fate of Nitrogen in Flow‐Through Lakebed Sediments","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Nitrate; Environmental chemistry; Residence time (fluid dynamics); TRACER; Biogeochemical cycle; Denitrification; Sediment; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Dissolved organic carbon; Nitrogen; Chemistry; Geology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.027439597600389828,"score_gpt":0.30064599151979693,"score_spread":0.2732063939194071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912743005","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999428,0.000040612642,0.00023006476,0.0000081699645,0.0000013466698,0.0000053432263,0.00006167204,0.000007712523,0.00021705288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99917275,0.000047859234,0.00034669065,0.000012358548,0.000001145901,0.000011505929,0.00006815636,0.000005150375,0.00033435947],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993,0.000006338571,0.0000045300026,0.000031925312,0.000012663578,0.0000145104605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988484,0.000031105883,0.000040329352,0.000008246186,0.00001817958,0.000017316534],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016064214,0.00024459307,0.00019879398,0.00013527561,0.00026606917,0.00039095271,0.00021314916,0.00015490496,0.0005757347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018805508,0.00015871761,0.00013767694,0.000089969275,0.00041140843,0.00022783967,0.00021707264,0.0001909473,0.000053194104],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016118136,0.000013165348,0.0050419685,0.000018353718,0.000005990921,0.00003235213,0.00004700138,0.00033045188,0.9936293,0.00004085241,0.000011406313,0.00066791376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000057529407,0.000734551,0.17622901,0.0000092884065,0.00003605025,0.00005319662,0.00015241138,0.007047676,0.81458825,0.0001091147,0.00096079055,0.000022226315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018436978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01783116,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018436978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011775033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003408767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0366593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2922328969","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004716","title":"Postfire Soil Carbon Accumulation Does Not Recover Boreal Peatland Combustion Loss in Some Hydrogeological Settings","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Geology; Ombrotrophic; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Boreal; Bog; Soil carbon; Soil science; Soil water; Ecology","score_opus":0.026004904546288492,"score_gpt":0.31208551715955724,"score_spread":0.2860806126132687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2922328969","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997073,0.000015649075,0.000036733945,0.0000016870981,4.9255215e-7,8.9557966e-7,0.000066407825,0.0000030324502,0.00016795115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99966216,0.000010611698,0.000059825154,0.0000025776321,6.5419215e-7,0.0000015580961,0.00015186856,0.0000010941728,0.00010980374],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999356,0.000006609336,0.00000506609,0.000017935,0.00001059584,0.000024138051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996989,0.000031796044,0.00013176657,0.00003215704,0.000036167894,0.00006931905],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016943627,0.00014155018,0.00013370173,0.00039000294,0.000251852,0.0002962024,0.00013993692,0.00012459846,0.00072955864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034420483,0.00008279775,0.00015097196,0.00023504751,0.00021572593,0.00020116311,0.00017964665,0.00013044462,0.00010354845],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037186366,0.00008332997,0.94150996,0.000020609099,0.000055273496,0.00016181059,0.00019563292,0.0003908133,0.05121875,0.000030075646,0.00006464931,0.005897333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.972244e-7,0.000029254745,0.9992151,4.993324e-7,0.0000020136322,0.000032506185,0.000034412937,0.00007039506,0.00057437655,0.0000046687264,0.000035553567,7.0876297e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0074379593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021932164,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0074379593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022125158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012249153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014789283},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923575468","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005123","title":"Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance of a Peat Bog Undergoing Restoration: Integrating CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Fluxes From Eddy Covariance and Aquatic Evasion With DOC Drainage Fluxes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Ecosystem respiration; Peat; Dissolved organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Bog; Primary production; Water balance; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.01359225477656233,"score_gpt":0.2591017052859951,"score_spread":0.24550945050943274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2923575468","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996929,0.000009742192,0.000046647867,0.000004789322,6.6925776e-7,0.0000023324353,0.00012212111,0.000005691144,0.00011512023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99950504,0.000013444812,0.0001413139,0.0000044372196,4.7519165e-7,0.000002443707,0.00017842927,0.000002176604,0.00015209774],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999645,0.0000039612055,0.0000022671204,0.000006869315,0.000009836931,0.000012474504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999106,0.000010051952,0.000013250242,0.000004336736,0.00003600862,0.000025763815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013095273,0.00024016634,0.00023735632,0.00035958886,0.0003899764,0.00047029468,0.00017613881,0.00021513764,0.00045690482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017826416,0.0001123008,0.00019227919,0.00028350687,0.00017384309,0.00016625313,0.00016792824,0.00014981712,0.000058075486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006389982,0.00017622966,0.8687928,0.00006519086,0.00019096813,0.0005360335,0.00035773896,0.012057689,0.10405209,0.00012830742,0.00027330147,0.012730625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000045089887,0.000040109,0.98559105,0.0000038597595,0.00002602332,0.000048941554,0.00023798665,0.011248601,0.0025858546,0.000032340806,0.00017306964,0.0000076028587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33615986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.47930038,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33615986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001665296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008944119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66840637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923747095","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004918","title":"Large Vertical Migrations of<scp><i>Pyrosoma atlanticum</i></scp>Play an Important Role in Active Carbon Transport","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Tula Foundation; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"Australian Research Council; Marine National Facility; University of British Columbia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","keywords":"Eddy; Population; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Zooplankton; Oceanography; Ecology; Geography; Biology; Meteorology; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.01544672035827843,"score_gpt":0.26819508276832243,"score_spread":0.252748362410044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2923747095","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990219,0.000035581765,0.00016647336,0.000020788633,0.000003167224,0.000004445763,0.00014572711,0.000008189191,0.00059375574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99933606,0.00002255162,0.00022957112,0.000017222268,0.0000031328623,0.0000033306937,0.00015471758,0.0000024059832,0.00023103695],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999584,0.0000034285088,0.0000024544731,0.000014287415,0.0000087480175,0.000012675464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998361,0.000014479186,0.00006594403,0.000008840378,0.00003281246,0.000041822183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008736234,0.00016032216,0.00011390027,0.0003165383,0.00036562383,0.00027070672,0.00017097725,0.00017324951,0.0012845063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015382942,0.00012335081,0.00013614715,0.0001903957,0.00014731077,0.00018326205,0.00029794395,0.00023197995,0.00021826038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015912345,0.00004541215,0.6851757,0.000049228285,0.000045610817,0.00032119092,0.00030928303,0.00027890175,0.30150104,0.000089595516,0.000482333,0.011542557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016683225,0.00004891854,0.99781847,0.0000035438836,0.0000048115476,0.00006364004,0.00013972486,0.00026603614,0.0012719714,0.000013897047,0.00036490566,0.0000022924278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012515373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020284984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012515373,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027434243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018135515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024885058},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2928521102","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004645","title":"Modeling Climate Change Impacts on an Arctic Polygonal Tundra: 2. Changes in CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Exchange Depend on Rates of Permafrost Thaw as Affected by Changes in Vegetation and Drainage","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Science; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Western Canada Research Grid; Compute Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Tundra; Permafrost; Primary production; Environmental science; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Arctic; Representative Concentration Pathways; Productivity; Ecosystem; Precipitation; Climate model; Ecology; Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.051733492283007596,"score_gpt":0.32309654990901104,"score_spread":0.27136305762600343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2928521102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99860173,0.000022026505,0.0004003196,0.000044824625,0.000004827298,0.000005124944,0.00020064364,0.000021532867,0.00069893326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990478,0.000028326465,0.0005021573,0.000010457191,0.000002436482,0.0000059701697,0.0001360795,0.0000053450053,0.00026145423],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998913,0.000033121603,0.0000054764932,0.000029426054,0.000012497214,0.000028123963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980134,0.00006408034,0.000039539562,0.000016736485,0.000035083536,0.00004328844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026077675,0.00045002784,0.0002547724,0.0003081209,0.0004974071,0.00086989405,0.00069361506,0.00077374175,0.0010389185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052514666,0.00029673096,0.0006583027,0.0003765781,0.00044599638,0.0004196667,0.00044159606,0.00037212152,0.000089623085],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013653895,0.00008704813,0.060468625,0.00001741205,0.00011466645,0.00017155163,0.000060281018,0.93409526,0.002459028,0.00029928208,0.00018761415,0.0019026465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000035089375,0.00007123188,0.03359755,0.000005417958,0.000051713836,0.000028108494,0.00014610078,0.96458775,0.0008551598,0.00014969002,0.00045851848,0.000013558434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19644003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1601859,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19644003,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019823876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010433239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3905933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2933619517","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004644","title":"Modeling Climate Change Impacts on an Arctic Polygonal Tundra: 1. Rates of Permafrost Thaw Depend on Changes in Vegetation and Drainage","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Biological and Environmental Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Science; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Western Canada Research Grid; Compute Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Tundra; Permafrost; Environmental science; Evapotranspiration; Climate change; Vegetation (pathology); Transpiration; Atmospheric sciences; Soil water; Global warming; Precipitation; Hydrology (agriculture); Arctic; Soil science; Ecology; Geology; Chemistry; Geography","score_opus":0.10572564665690712,"score_gpt":0.35708555578418094,"score_spread":0.2513599091272738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2933619517","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983909,0.000029435241,0.0005433607,0.000047798807,0.0000061754135,0.000007816332,0.00020316517,0.00002678985,0.00074454414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990133,0.00002879598,0.00056337385,0.000013661904,0.000003207362,0.000007807433,0.00012394846,0.000006176117,0.0002396942],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984753,0.000047767033,0.000009457246,0.00004097312,0.000014721204,0.000039529437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966025,0.000132364,0.00006412325,0.000029384373,0.000052542164,0.00006129606],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041718455,0.00051775144,0.0003463987,0.0003765937,0.0006228556,0.0009575069,0.00084512064,0.0009448719,0.0012093788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009108863,0.00037278514,0.00075788784,0.00038727466,0.0005031281,0.0005053176,0.00042376094,0.00045837535,0.000109580455],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012822328,0.00008283851,0.06628546,0.000020396295,0.00012775496,0.00012931734,0.00005234569,0.9293388,0.001664348,0.00024011942,0.0001386764,0.0017916734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000035681554,0.000081300925,0.027344735,0.000006682821,0.000054876138,0.00002619044,0.00010520148,0.9711546,0.0006951262,0.00014316614,0.00033797408,0.000014493242],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1647821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.11487462,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1647821,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019386736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010543063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32764596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2934129950","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004840","title":"Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO<sub>2</sub> Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement","keywords":"Upwelling; Sea surface temperature; Tropical Atlantic; Empirical orthogonal functions; Climatology; Anomaly (physics); Flux (metallurgy); Oceanography; Structural basin; Geology; Environmental science; Plume; Salinity; Geography; Meteorology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.017458944480542492,"score_gpt":0.28216190963889737,"score_spread":0.2647029651583549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2934129950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968245,0.000035263776,0.00023758,0.00004113693,0.0000072166063,0.0000038057433,0.0019985468,0.000041903982,0.00080991874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971873,0.00003351422,0.0002520708,0.000009519632,0.000005905465,0.0000053872836,0.0023433743,0.0000048994552,0.0001578275],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999641,0.000003899203,0.0000030131855,0.000013127234,0.000007852531,0.000008039369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999169,0.000012400561,0.000021054913,0.000008146241,0.000021248441,0.000020235997],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014116104,0.00029842838,0.00015640787,0.0004246793,0.00021006628,0.00027116237,0.00017351552,0.0003219834,0.00077266415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023072484,0.00015106627,0.0003609911,0.0003638295,0.00010835104,0.00025274348,0.00023604758,0.00022132839,0.00015633361],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030046314,0.0001376639,0.9292298,0.000067938265,0.0002422523,0.00026874358,0.00009998247,0.040595718,0.01841299,0.00031569425,0.0023213478,0.008007386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012473251,0.000029536928,0.9486966,0.000005953081,0.00002911363,0.0000361139,0.00005947013,0.04925177,0.0012457655,0.000059809056,0.0005632442,0.000010128137],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.050593555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0663149,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.050593555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053793483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034195508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10059816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2937643133","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004647","title":"Tracking Open Versus Closed‐Canopy Boreal Forest Using the Geochemistry of Lake Sediment Deposits","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue; Université du Québec à Montréal; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions; Institut écologie et environnement; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; AgroParisTech; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Montpellier; Institut Universitaire de France; Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs","keywords":"Ecosystem; Vegetation (pathology); Moss; Environmental science; Taiga; Sediment; Geology; Boreal; Soil water; Terrestrial ecosystem; Sphagnum; Canopy; Woodland; Forest ecology; Hydrology (agriculture); Physical geography; Ecology; Peat; Soil science; Geomorphology; Geography","score_opus":0.0829283804909753,"score_gpt":0.36171202906723143,"score_spread":0.27878364857625615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2937643133","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99924433,0.000048799084,0.00024664873,0.000004918686,8.717049e-7,0.0000030387996,0.00021583817,0.000014777781,0.0002207759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992403,0.000023288474,0.0004225339,0.0000028056334,0.0000015519528,0.0000029964724,0.00022857526,0.0000025181648,0.00007548373],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993324,0.000009097772,0.000004669218,0.000024591593,0.000012346129,0.000016021142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977535,0.000026349624,0.00008497461,0.0000136928375,0.000057345,0.000042284806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022712737,0.00018656897,0.00014115713,0.0007536792,0.00027427208,0.0005873509,0.00019787019,0.00018208583,0.00044698405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030027807,0.00011618515,0.000117521595,0.00057736377,0.00017090683,0.0003616583,0.00029007372,0.00011330373,0.00009773283],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007400422,0.000021095388,0.97684485,0.000013625584,0.000040162096,0.000031316482,0.00012688461,0.00042018673,0.017053615,0.000031679527,0.00005170853,0.0052909427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000015220213,0.000012634238,0.99782455,0.0000016169663,0.0000069511743,0.000013862227,0.00005038714,0.0011816686,0.00081477576,0.000009820701,0.000080487254,0.0000016628113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011128958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02966593,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011128958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000285139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001660581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022128344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944463930","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004758","title":"Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter Along a Septic System Plume: Evidence of Sustained Biogeochemical Activity in the Groundwater Zone","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Biogeochemical cycle; Plume; Environmental chemistry; Groundwater; Absorbance; Organic matter; Environmental science; Chemistry; Geology; Chromatography","score_opus":0.0237660626534331,"score_gpt":0.3006323885198597,"score_spread":0.27686632586642657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2944463930","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99939764,0.00004424289,0.00026457023,0.000008410246,0.0000013274898,0.0000029140078,0.00013408164,0.000011888092,0.00013502491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993241,0.000027363827,0.0004347564,0.0000058324326,0.0000012917988,0.0000029896898,0.00011385937,0.0000021015705,0.000087755594],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999194,0.0000072141597,0.0000050641047,0.00002235513,0.000031406293,0.000014619247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975127,0.000027405487,0.00007153742,0.0000075635317,0.00008389942,0.00005831385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012343447,0.00016203173,0.00020375174,0.0005091002,0.00023626439,0.0003859545,0.00014415426,0.00027475785,0.0002768507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017293032,0.00010024221,0.00013954582,0.00039525874,0.0002570785,0.00016502012,0.00025403308,0.00022084313,0.000053316857],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017032793,0.00004645342,0.0869939,0.000030601466,0.000014902177,0.00018071325,0.00015755974,0.00037223802,0.90910304,0.00004989013,0.00003056985,0.0028496678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011410555,0.00049303664,0.841156,0.0000098184155,0.000026544785,0.00030990658,0.00062266196,0.005382011,0.15123089,0.00010634991,0.00062190887,0.000029484576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0044627986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003923964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0044627986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031966314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018580187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0088736415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944792819","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004896","title":"Global Meta‐Analysis on the Relationship Between Mercury and Dissolved Organic Carbon in Freshwater Environments","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Lake ecosystem; Mercury (programming language); Ecosystem; River ecosystem; Biogeochemical cycle; Methylmercury; Environmental chemistry; Freshwater ecosystem; Environmental science; Biogeochemistry; Chemistry; Ecology; Hydrology (agriculture); Bioaccumulation; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.0958236792110231,"score_gpt":0.3543409763012434,"score_spread":0.2585172970902203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2944792819","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09740409,0.88348055,0.0075900676,0.0015952758,0.0006401821,0.00013196412,0.00785323,0.00028468933,0.0010199852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8976595,0.089553885,0.0057923975,0.0015183103,0.00028701767,0.00028387026,0.004209277,0.00018025524,0.000515546],"study_design_codex":"meta_analysis","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","domain_scores_codex":[0.9881455,0.006806992,0.0016342624,0.002230045,0.0007953525,0.00038782312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98051363,0.01404443,0.0018602413,0.0018537295,0.0013057488,0.00042222382],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.017306281,0.0028411355,0.008119658,0.006487289,0.00080907944,0.0033994948,0.0019551904,0.0018697672,0.0028766405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.020379826,0.001185543,0.034805615,0.009718398,0.00067609124,0.0011994592,0.0020972935,0.0018421963,0.0003435844],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":"meta_analysis","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007487745,0.000013828781,0.03820995,0.016190175,0.9373453,0.00015140258,0.000048975468,0.0011627453,0.00067927677,0.00016723455,0.00068105245,0.00460128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018385917,0.000142098,0.04153614,0.0024106267,0.95189434,0.00013369063,0.000058166595,0.0007573484,0.00040865972,0.00041258015,0.002032871,0.000029566503],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008839556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010841093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017306281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013480695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017748517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.091525495},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2950873380","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005090","title":"Contrasting Temperature Sensitivity of CO<sub>2</sub> Exchange in Peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Environment; Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; McMaster University; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Evergreen; Peat; Ecosystem respiration; Environmental science; Primary production; Eddy covariance; Bog; Deciduous; Productivity; Vegetation (pathology); Growing season; Ecosystem; Hydrology (agriculture); Snowmelt; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Surface runoff; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.013172840101699826,"score_gpt":0.2618320852473541,"score_spread":0.24865924514565424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2950873380","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99901116,0.00011881869,0.000051536812,0.000021971367,0.0000025328025,0.000003200245,0.0003179662,0.0000056572944,0.00046710108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993693,0.000044331093,0.000059142825,0.000011289135,7.258613e-7,0.000002652509,0.00020095053,0.0000020859195,0.0003095327],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998115,0.000013555489,0.000007683842,0.00004018531,0.000038960305,0.00008815817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993494,0.00005866277,0.00007940896,0.000021254718,0.0003484421,0.00014275889],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027581688,0.000187455,0.00028862018,0.00071894145,0.0009894001,0.0007949235,0.00037964343,0.00016915928,0.0010445835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006598746,0.00016242977,0.00015434984,0.00061665877,0.0005305366,0.00022265124,0.00036984656,0.00016371053,0.000088026405],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018396846,0.00002384188,0.98217356,0.000039540704,0.00006298625,0.00014625551,0.0011791162,0.00061700394,0.008391946,0.00008149347,0.0004628426,0.006637404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012949879,0.000003835968,0.99900645,0.0000048160637,0.000004038008,0.000009252572,0.00045201703,0.00018551173,0.00013313447,0.0000073192755,0.00018955492,0.0000027003744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9780765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9927354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021923482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007810647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0042338907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.056670487},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951325852","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004712","title":"Increasing Organic Carbon Biolability With Depth in Yedoma Permafrost: Ramifications for Future Climate Change","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Queen's University; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Division of Materials Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Methane; Thermokarst; Greenhouse gas; Mineralization (soil science); Environmental chemistry; Carbon dioxide; Environmental science; Total organic carbon; Carbon cycle; Carbon fibers; Chemistry; Soil water; Soil science; Ecosystem; Geology; Ecology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.06692538216126243,"score_gpt":0.3228274164396681,"score_spread":0.2559020342784057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2951325852","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99921703,0.00020060572,0.00014246337,0.00002550221,0.000002113541,0.000002379214,0.00025899205,0.0000036659653,0.00014720167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993469,0.00009443181,0.00023260005,0.000016534676,0.0000023982204,0.0000053797075,0.00018882715,0.000003406498,0.00010955054],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991345,0.000007961636,0.000007568352,0.000031865624,0.000009917019,0.00002926648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998331,0.000019883775,0.000060456186,0.000008393202,0.00004842051,0.00002975356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017984853,0.00044938287,0.000410864,0.00051904854,0.00057832565,0.0005844883,0.00023147753,0.0005981318,0.0009436768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022043061,0.00024439284,0.00029895865,0.0007191683,0.00036126946,0.0006311589,0.00049217226,0.00032059004,0.00013041278],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006850235,0.000056860645,0.62220937,0.00020491854,0.00016589779,0.0003857997,0.00055649696,0.001116078,0.36491877,0.000093476054,0.00009369569,0.00951363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000040614527,0.000045070316,0.9936207,0.00000610299,0.000015977434,0.00006822941,0.00041750842,0.00047791997,0.00502493,0.00003873073,0.00027412092,0.000006695323],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0076374924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011994465,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0076374924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043846128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033084812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015186071},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2952526184","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005038","title":"Thermokarst Effects on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes in Streams on the Peel Plateau (NWT, Canada)","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Northwest Territories; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermokarst; STREAMS; Surface runoff; Environmental science; Fluvial; Permafrost; Watershed; Hydrology (agriculture); Efflux; Environmental chemistry; Carbon dioxide; Methane; Arctic; Chemistry; Geology; Ecology; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Biology; Structural basin","score_opus":0.03965654277937632,"score_gpt":0.28539113792119153,"score_spread":0.2457345951418152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2952526184","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99812394,0.00006113902,0.000047633468,0.000041846233,0.0000022813902,0.000007833284,0.0005163835,0.000009682947,0.0011892818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986474,0.00007698379,0.00013640389,0.00002215303,0.0000013447625,0.000006007847,0.00037331617,0.000004070012,0.00073233707],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999798,0.000010471373,0.0000060160364,0.00004575269,0.00006448756,0.00007530736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957997,0.000025522033,0.000040904222,0.0000075704183,0.00024321441,0.00010282653],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015947141,0.00021791625,0.00024047935,0.0007153756,0.0018912536,0.0011231978,0.00038070788,0.00024303838,0.0014324432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045834263,0.00016682624,0.00024702505,0.0013212828,0.0006575145,0.000288382,0.0005499138,0.0003181063,0.000116792544],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003544585,0.00007330978,0.96532136,0.00005399846,0.00006813785,0.00039415818,0.0016496391,0.0016352421,0.014993752,0.0002860714,0.0009159616,0.014253841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000041689714,0.000010012752,0.99687886,0.000007816442,0.000009688426,0.000019826348,0.0009724042,0.0010458198,0.00045282446,0.000026549518,0.0005652851,0.0000066489542],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9801702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99256825,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01982981,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.012726062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.011383921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09233451},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2953976140","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004954","title":"Next‐Generation Sequencing to Identify Lacustrine Haptophytes in the Canadian Prairies: Significance for Temperature Proxy Applications","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Haptophyte; Proxy (statistics); Biology; Algae; Environmental science; Ecology; Nutrient; Phytoplankton","score_opus":0.09291120236927014,"score_gpt":0.370944733684797,"score_spread":0.2780335313155269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2953976140","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843604,0.00300115,0.0044303183,0.00025857534,0.000024035431,0.00009544987,0.004699518,0.00007436622,0.0030562168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97848606,0.0017597409,0.014927906,0.00023732363,0.000015969536,0.000052326646,0.0027741645,0.000028819906,0.0017175738],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995005,0.00003191051,0.000018951803,0.00013478547,0.00018062937,0.00013320147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992648,0.00007407994,0.00013571307,0.000034562192,0.00040763014,0.00008331542],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045556578,0.00046470427,0.00030184927,0.0014732891,0.0014030882,0.0011533496,0.0004567722,0.00042197292,0.00073778286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008531892,0.00020919023,0.00029433827,0.0023236454,0.00048595748,0.00028711266,0.00046961103,0.00037047526,0.00014947295],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022136082,0.000058641803,0.6084354,0.0004612456,0.00026959463,0.00030450354,0.0022343297,0.0010632953,0.3252156,0.00041753007,0.0011774647,0.060141075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000028690756,0.000030002646,0.9891924,0.000041797568,0.000060175695,0.00006863628,0.0011854294,0.0010598036,0.0033940116,0.00006104742,0.0048898268,0.000013946594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7634122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.90667313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23658782,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028169092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004423709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47596222},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2962109337","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004573","title":"Tree Ring Reconstructions of Stemwood Biomass Indicate Increases in the Growth Rate of Black Spruce Trees Across Boreal Forests of Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Ministry of Forests","funders":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Black spruce; Sampling (signal processing); Taiga; Population; Dendrochronology; Environmental science; Tree (set theory); Growth rate; Mathematics; Boreal; Forestry; Ecology; Biology; Geography; Demography; Geometry","score_opus":0.017510991919393145,"score_gpt":0.2741444109030965,"score_spread":0.25663341898370334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2962109337","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99905175,0.00003594545,0.00013541771,0.0000073904725,5.389288e-7,0.0000017848309,0.0004586965,0.000011822472,0.00029649993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993333,0.000018316126,0.00015165695,0.0000036445063,2.784281e-7,0.0000012320771,0.00035263572,0.0000024512833,0.00013652621],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989045,0.0000085797865,0.0000036322938,0.000037822345,0.00002625635,0.000033361743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996126,0.000041468975,0.000050368562,0.0000264828,0.00020652745,0.00006249678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002823362,0.00015309484,0.00014372083,0.00064112945,0.0005792398,0.00047338026,0.00043135817,0.00015211626,0.00075306534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000554197,0.00012675009,0.00019568308,0.0006528352,0.00024360674,0.00015435602,0.00021567143,0.00014375756,0.00008882416],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006519218,0.000011355278,0.9881293,0.0000116119845,0.000045658195,0.000034773304,0.0002098233,0.002630947,0.0037638445,0.00010047664,0.00021458024,0.0047823563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016212174,0.0000042231222,0.9972928,0.0000020715388,0.0000070119563,0.000010479857,0.00013811825,0.0021468785,0.0001974888,0.000013175082,0.00018326372,0.0000026714524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9194578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9707506,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08054221,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0045191552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020471818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16203302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966667816","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004917","title":"No Proportional Increase of Terrestrial Gross Carbon Sequestration From the Greening Earth","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; National Natural Science Foundation of China; European Space Agency; Goddard Space Flight Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Primary production; Carbon sequestration; Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon cycle; Carbon sink; Biosphere; Greening; Global change; Vegetation (pathology); Greenhouse gas; Atmospheric sciences; Terrestrial ecosystem; Climatology; Ecosystem; Carbon dioxide; Satellite; Ecology","score_opus":0.025835427669841964,"score_gpt":0.2859013954089324,"score_spread":0.2600659677390904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2966667816","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886764,0.0006509079,0.002571419,0.0006387499,0.00007325529,0.000011644438,0.0013029465,0.00009155802,0.005983069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987388,0.000059709,0.00025768287,0.00010145903,0.0000074434124,0.0000040260566,0.00033599578,0.00000886781,0.00048597774],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997242,0.000038750222,0.00001406959,0.00012468218,0.000054135537,0.00004412788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950194,0.00011478309,0.000112852555,0.000105332096,0.00009169276,0.00007333035],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053583365,0.00022660565,0.00020788904,0.00016656397,0.00012680376,0.00051908736,0.00032317603,0.00033488686,0.005920761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00095703173,0.00009570678,0.00051338825,0.00026398074,0.0003416432,0.0005347331,0.00041242718,0.00043014108,0.0005396488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001094307,0.00036700553,0.59537405,0.00089244754,0.0012233809,0.00068581675,0.000273402,0.071188964,0.212444,0.016403565,0.007283253,0.09276993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005822568,0.00029850123,0.878864,0.00005685118,0.00024429767,0.0003356887,0.00029064904,0.07136947,0.024927095,0.008839915,0.014669391,0.000045964644],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050607785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004680414,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005920761,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005112167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043804993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019806921},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969500833","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004869","title":"Assessing the Role of High‐Frequency Winds and Sea Ice Loss on Arctic Phytoplankton Blooms in an Ice‐Ocean‐Biogeochemical Model","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; McGill University; University of Alberta","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Canada Research Grid; Compute Canada","keywords":"Sea ice; Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Arctic; Upwelling; Arctic ice pack; Polar night; Bloom; Spring bloom; Algal bloom; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Climatology; Nutrient; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.02304778824540209,"score_gpt":0.30152450666093616,"score_spread":0.27847671841553406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2969500833","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949091,0.00006796845,0.0027231388,0.00011574222,0.00002355459,0.000023278928,0.0003260479,0.000056169858,0.001754945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979202,0.000053859007,0.0012409755,0.000025632566,0.0000073690117,0.000029901761,0.00020365529,0.000011530795,0.0005068499],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998752,0.00004960207,0.000008592029,0.000021605754,0.000012687845,0.00003232236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992441,0.00041632744,0.00010745184,0.00003945697,0.000086054235,0.000106694475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057130697,0.00079765974,0.0006761534,0.00029830495,0.00067636225,0.0011241823,0.00092340494,0.001505843,0.001118086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001215128,0.00055659236,0.0009265084,0.00027231968,0.0005571534,0.00055208465,0.0006005241,0.0007674094,0.000112253576],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008552796,0.000065930035,0.007943729,0.000012542891,0.000043930184,0.000050349205,0.000012332098,0.9904723,0.0006621785,0.00024984672,0.00006481282,0.00033647075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003461526,0.000048208538,0.0018503721,0.000003080843,0.000017540953,0.000003891165,0.00001573507,0.9977276,0.00016076532,0.00007159464,0.00006116955,0.000005425866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06642479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.030638946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06642479,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012078563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013040712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13207632},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970079242","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004916","title":"Legacy of Holocene Landscape Changes on Soil Biogeochemistry: A Perspective From Paleo‐Active Layers in Northwestern Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Northwest Territories; Industry, Tourism and Investment; University of Ottawa; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Holocene; Biogeochemistry; Perspective (graphical); Geology; Physical geography; Earth science; Archaeology; Oceanography; Geography","score_opus":0.024263549150769004,"score_gpt":0.28353353000443576,"score_spread":0.25926998085366676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2970079242","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.991446,0.0027589425,0.00009532168,0.0004929135,0.000010887172,0.000010324986,0.0020752673,0.000011950608,0.0030984117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971294,0.0012462363,0.00019286782,0.00011546401,0.0000051846273,0.000003230036,0.0006418924,0.000004460167,0.00066125114],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997315,0.000014223424,0.000009026096,0.000039357055,0.000061930805,0.00014384712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918574,0.000045245873,0.00007920938,0.000019761595,0.0004458199,0.00022419948],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028662034,0.00028454047,0.0002876173,0.0017750518,0.0028543319,0.0017475521,0.00052799756,0.00036517132,0.0014416553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047441837,0.00015861397,0.00028049405,0.003443125,0.00089808006,0.0004397582,0.00076247554,0.00040947885,0.00010089337],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010324896,0.000027989543,0.9756846,0.0000900879,0.00009550516,0.00032388695,0.0023465427,0.000521685,0.0021419108,0.00047850964,0.0011245786,0.017061427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001966831,0.0000060162647,0.99497235,0.000040205145,0.000020862433,0.000047883554,0.0026702564,0.00025376191,0.00015775397,0.00006658633,0.0017522946,0.000010056291],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9960303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.998538,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029641323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.029641323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.023091087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21506387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973992372","doi":"10.1029/2018jg004997","title":"Convergence of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and the Role of Microbial Buffering in Aquatic Ecosystems","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Terrestrial ecosystem; Leachate; Riparian zone; Organic matter; Microbial biodegradation; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Microorganism","score_opus":0.01224666642927391,"score_gpt":0.24101744776664696,"score_spread":0.22877078133737305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2973992372","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99900717,0.0001940654,0.000394196,0.000016214051,8.7041826e-7,0.000003961234,0.000069522786,0.0000071193836,0.0003069359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995352,0.00006354685,0.00027251898,0.000006426763,0.0000013091623,0.000002552341,0.000053939533,0.0000021939863,0.000062312996],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990153,0.000020416328,0.000009308135,0.00003140543,0.000019332167,0.000017991093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995208,0.00010585572,0.00017144742,0.000024809333,0.000108019434,0.000068982605],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043818468,0.00020729683,0.00022674115,0.00073487114,0.00029300107,0.0005898156,0.000203742,0.00021646458,0.00037055736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006340457,0.00013411518,0.00013158521,0.00033441788,0.0004222061,0.00048763442,0.00045891947,0.00017124286,0.00006883997],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000383352,0.00008005801,0.44020092,0.00016395285,0.00010433112,0.00015716434,0.00040577792,0.002869488,0.53838605,0.00047384267,0.00008292846,0.01669212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006106775,0.00014049522,0.9752559,0.0000100582165,0.00001855341,0.00008915358,0.0003035464,0.0060069584,0.017393276,0.00039453848,0.00036980063,0.000011586005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033255843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031196866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033255843,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039184952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022880513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00661242},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979669824","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005080","title":"Different Responses and Links of N:P Ratio Among Ecosystem Components Under Nutrient Addition in a Temperate Forest","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ecosystem; Nutrient; Ecological stoichiometry; Litter; Temperate climate; Nutrient cycle; Temperate rainforest; Temperate forest; Phosphorus; Forest ecology; Plant litter; Ecology; Terrestrial ecosystem; Stoichiometry; Cycling; Animal science; Biology; Agronomy; Chemistry; Forestry; Geography","score_opus":0.03950864573182888,"score_gpt":0.28527325027917494,"score_spread":0.24576460454734605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2979669824","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997688,0.000045384193,0.000068157686,0.0000045142347,8.873184e-7,0.0000040861314,0.00003565264,0.0000036303595,0.00006904975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995259,0.000029747907,0.00020454967,0.000018633686,0.0000024876308,0.000012449641,0.00009139716,0.000002114013,0.000112722206],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982065,0.000026571144,0.000015254886,0.00007320635,0.00002539136,0.00003900617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996692,0.000058982387,0.00007249625,0.000021412608,0.00006290011,0.00011503069],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003019667,0.00035784955,0.00038699844,0.00057163404,0.00045727886,0.00039819579,0.00032421324,0.0003412251,0.00040814484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002363802,0.00024545254,0.00023513963,0.00029044703,0.00034813234,0.00042046356,0.00041526766,0.00025385027,0.0000571545],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000778593,0.0001802652,0.31956762,0.00012239032,0.00011401257,0.0003231815,0.00037094945,0.00045305828,0.6740633,0.00005401641,0.00004812463,0.003924514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000061915234,0.0001591462,0.9940064,0.000002002927,0.000019081934,0.000059980925,0.00016121793,0.000871794,0.0045660776,0.000025274801,0.00011700221,0.0000058361957],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011214917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016000105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011214917,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048012397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031765655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02229929},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979682640","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005355","title":"Methane Production Pathway Regulated Proximally by Substrate Availability and Distally by Temperature in a High‐Latitude Mire Complex","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","keywords":"Permafrost; Mire; Environmental science; Peat; Biogeochemical cycle; Subarctic climate; Global warming; Substrate (aquarium); Greenhouse gas; Atmospheric sciences; Climate change; Representative Concentration Pathways; Methane; Temperate climate; Latitude; Climate model; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.040095884265646614,"score_gpt":0.2912292433515869,"score_spread":0.25113335908594026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2979682640","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996326,0.000013876224,0.00018767541,0.000005883884,7.0429235e-7,8.614148e-7,0.000049709306,0.000013702991,0.000094937895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995209,0.000011799564,0.0002515135,0.0000023961297,4.5867515e-7,0.000002254279,0.0001249252,0.0000044573258,0.0000814288],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999373,0.000013260279,0.000003790741,0.000023316634,0.0000064363785,0.000015868978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987555,0.00003894623,0.000024097271,0.000013125896,0.00001966175,0.000028588665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017125919,0.00031704962,0.00030161798,0.00038528012,0.00039601815,0.00070666283,0.00025948833,0.00032301064,0.0005680329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024726728,0.0003040278,0.0005092043,0.00018595676,0.00035180416,0.00027685493,0.00041105872,0.00018773225,0.000119923934],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00119819,0.00034298823,0.56992596,0.00012381206,0.00050504314,0.00064972194,0.0007602193,0.17394316,0.2452238,0.0012206755,0.00035565108,0.0057507553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000046817946,0.00010950627,0.74332905,0.000009169695,0.0000947432,0.00015306937,0.00054212636,0.24666333,0.007923629,0.00040525573,0.0006877892,0.00003551641],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017811429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016543074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017811429,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060568907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003301008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03541547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981133317","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005438","title":"Biogeochemical Behavior of Metals Along Two Permeable Reactive Barriers in a Mining‐Affected Wetland","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mine drainage and remediation techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental remediation; Environmental chemistry; Permeable reactive barrier; Chemistry; Groundwater; Biogeochemical cycle; Organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Redox; Colloid; Groundwater remediation; Metal; Wetland; Uranium; Inorganic chemistry; Environmental engineering; Contamination; Environmental science; Geology; Metallurgy; Materials science; Ecology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.021710447357100225,"score_gpt":0.33142289691302124,"score_spread":0.30971244955592103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981133317","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997284,0.000011540468,0.00012449533,0.000003776185,7.743955e-7,0.0000036457072,0.000015354477,0.0000052367473,0.00010689501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99933064,0.000021456246,0.0003733481,0.000003934576,8.6686566e-7,0.0000058584988,0.000029047469,0.0000023007503,0.00023253795],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991417,0.000008628034,0.000004301136,0.000022986333,0.00002280976,0.00002713483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988556,0.000014886992,0.000028782364,0.000004232362,0.000033742283,0.00003283985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008827118,0.00022067095,0.00036329887,0.00032590746,0.00035235749,0.0004675827,0.00023121176,0.000351348,0.0002871414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012281316,0.00016969805,0.00017783702,0.00015588362,0.00029971005,0.00021033346,0.00027976677,0.000251447,0.00007806792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019902686,0.000042162425,0.010149037,0.000031470776,0.000009062105,0.00015968284,0.00011146277,0.00034351912,0.98752826,0.000043273354,0.000013717943,0.001369332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000052226776,0.0017778919,0.54189205,0.000020373456,0.00007062011,0.00035901563,0.0014233075,0.015690623,0.436482,0.00013615136,0.0020398323,0.000055890152],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013845616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008739979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013845616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00052296557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031090973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027530074},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2982819583","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005078","title":"Winter Accumulation of Methane and its Variable Timing of Release from Thermokarst Lakes in Subarctic Peatlands","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Thermokarst; Subarctic climate; Peat; Permafrost; Water column; Environmental science; Dissolved organic carbon; Atmospheric sciences; Atmosphere (unit); Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental chemistry; Arctic; Methane; Geology; Chemistry; Oceanography; Ecology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.14141398795385,"score_gpt":0.3633526409504425,"score_spread":0.22193865299659252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2982819583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997031,0.00001861122,0.000025597115,0.000003886226,3.522864e-7,0.0000013031249,0.00011923255,0.0000023181183,0.00012561117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99968255,0.000010804675,0.000046959736,0.0000035250853,5.9110096e-7,0.00000201792,0.0001422161,0.0000010465127,0.00011039145],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993765,0.000004556384,0.000003328144,0.000015594867,0.000010937528,0.00002787801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997266,0.000032504806,0.000080791855,0.000008160428,0.0000938097,0.000058190086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013714799,0.00016284242,0.00023072836,0.0006488755,0.0005852325,0.0005225176,0.00021636699,0.0002182995,0.0006535745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025859106,0.0001321488,0.00013185739,0.00050077075,0.00022807569,0.00022103777,0.00020206509,0.0001205551,0.00007677329],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019351892,0.000016994416,0.97645074,0.000015962814,0.000030679876,0.0001261468,0.00055723824,0.00022036552,0.01967861,0.000016607693,0.000067362394,0.0026257914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.777667e-7,0.000008593161,0.9992138,0.0000013661603,0.0000026945158,0.0000111189875,0.0001504899,0.00015154904,0.0004053737,0.0000020124949,0.000051030016,0.0000012650785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.35441065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5896702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35441065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015539164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060375454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70469546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2984362190","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005246","title":"Road Crossings Increase Methane Emissions From Adjacent Peatland","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Shell Canada; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Peat; Transect; Environmental science; Bog; Hydrology (agriculture); Water table; Boreal; Culvert; Mire; Vegetation (pathology); Wetland; Physical geography; Geography; Geology; Groundwater; Ecology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.027185473102169552,"score_gpt":0.3247810469630351,"score_spread":0.29759557386086555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2984362190","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99982613,0.000011492412,0.000031194897,0.000002233765,9.3431714e-7,0.0000015786409,0.000023203935,0.0000027577132,0.00010048127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99973494,0.000014798015,0.00007590277,0.0000024669614,0.0000011672744,0.0000026370515,0.00004362855,7.781169e-7,0.00012352907],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985564,0.000029043142,0.0000066680777,0.000032112006,0.000024609675,0.000051933093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999655,0.000046238714,0.0001445869,0.000022617669,0.00005102213,0.0000805267],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019691861,0.00022222113,0.00017888531,0.0002862724,0.00033140436,0.00047064084,0.00018847693,0.0002525857,0.00084392325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030131475,0.00014560188,0.00028578073,0.0001666898,0.00022068,0.00030773308,0.00028505962,0.00016976602,0.00008896684],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00057833106,0.0003536334,0.9350871,0.000039068276,0.00009576563,0.00095685205,0.00056335813,0.00104733,0.054653123,0.000056679768,0.00018141435,0.0063874056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000030099086,0.00012858515,0.99787307,0.0000032027601,0.00001387597,0.00007380046,0.00036889254,0.00048216674,0.0008545937,0.000012794216,0.00018272061,0.0000033128956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01629896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.045641527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01629896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038760138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024591776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.032408178},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991164551","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005254","title":"Coupling Water Column and Sediment Biogeochemical Dynamics: Modeling Internal Phosphorus Loading, Climate Change Responses, and Mitigation Measures in Lake Vansjø, Norway","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Université Laval; University of Waterloo","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Norges Forskningsråd; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Water column; Biogeochemistry; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Sediment; Phytoplankton; Hydrology (agriculture); Oceanography; Climate change; Water quality; Ecology; Geology; Nutrient; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.023423161168654415,"score_gpt":0.2858485276186482,"score_spread":0.2624253664499938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991164551","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965838,0.00004635481,0.0015133724,0.0000824742,0.000012016158,0.000018254903,0.00038181827,0.000035824494,0.0013259376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99799466,0.000036993293,0.0011632551,0.00001871153,0.0000037395125,0.000028195696,0.0001841442,0.00000792872,0.00056243053],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987876,0.000027861168,0.000009290691,0.00003440664,0.000011844225,0.000037835034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995647,0.00025236592,0.000058112233,0.00001825798,0.000053119184,0.000053384792],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040814758,0.000595531,0.00055662234,0.00023963934,0.00061812723,0.0010853972,0.0009076426,0.0012896887,0.001295873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010244948,0.0005822151,0.00081361237,0.0002478406,0.00075185107,0.0007844096,0.0007089218,0.0006112782,0.00007248443],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059821,0.000039762068,0.0058847917,0.000014528354,0.000021017398,0.000055908873,0.000033080243,0.99244964,0.0005710142,0.0002608773,0.00007433514,0.00053526944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004448407,0.0000611428,0.003607002,0.000004611096,0.000012675336,0.0000050530093,0.000053009335,0.99568224,0.00022938226,0.00016128703,0.00012888106,0.000010265338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.24147384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.15000431,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24147384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021249712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019031207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48013663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2993298202","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005083","title":"Next‐Generation Biomass Mapping for Regional Emissions and Carbon Inventories: Incorporating Uncertainty in Wildland Fuel Characterization","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Forest Service","keywords":"Environmental science; Biomass (ecology); Vegetation (pathology); Geospatial analysis; Atmospheric sciences; Remote sensing; Ecology; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.06156198258636243,"score_gpt":0.30688228986386934,"score_spread":0.24532030727750692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2993298202","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.57313365,0.00023125936,0.4202047,0.0003414138,0.000027922124,0.000052285926,0.0023851763,0.0008238681,0.0027996798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9226985,0.0000683532,0.075700775,0.000038053684,0.0000089581345,0.000041858577,0.0011509408,0.000048865764,0.0002437642],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99978393,0.00007915822,0.000012333906,0.000050254406,0.000048016424,0.000026333395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991233,0.00038793706,0.00009621695,0.00014104413,0.00021938143,0.00003213807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001586277,0.00028940162,0.00027686812,0.0009160064,0.0002638635,0.0007484993,0.00067694904,0.00036290116,0.00066620373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004521923,0.00024132227,0.00036319287,0.0010456648,0.00018254945,0.0010588362,0.0004987952,0.00045241436,0.00010836943],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028935267,0.000047220106,0.029732672,0.000015394144,0.000052341617,0.000037794136,0.000035008237,0.93589944,0.0013853589,0.0021642395,0.0004119145,0.030189713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003937909,0.0000047490557,0.0041388185,0.000005072778,0.0000053321382,0.0000064864003,0.00001048256,0.99312097,0.0006197405,0.0016207274,0.00045623188,0.00000737574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.038175438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.043271758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.038175438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000970417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008587173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.075906456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2994876069","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005345","title":"Influence of Macrobenthos (<i>Meretrix meretrix</i> Linnaeus) on Erosion‐Accretion Processes in Intertidal Flats: A Case Study From a Cultivation Zone","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology; Tongji University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Intertidal zone; Benthic zone; Accretion (finance); Erosion; Sediment; Oceanography; Sedimentary rock; Population; Hydrology (agriculture); Fishery; Geology; Environmental science; Biology; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Paleontology","score_opus":0.02119943572120907,"score_gpt":0.3152398318114173,"score_spread":0.2940403960902082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2994876069","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99972564,0.000036580557,0.000030175952,0.0000047346994,4.1819393e-7,0.00000375781,0.000013965939,0.0000010879511,0.00018370133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99939,0.00009684589,0.00027175638,0.000008206628,0.0000015691122,0.000004164803,0.000036046033,5.834266e-7,0.00019070115],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984777,0.000029367948,0.000010726915,0.000037140784,0.000040887608,0.00003403767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997321,0.000064026,0.000100959565,0.000014761691,0.000036745056,0.000051439954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025373948,0.0003388329,0.0002670667,0.00061622437,0.0004948949,0.00037883307,0.0002941764,0.00032154965,0.0006129535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028071448,0.0001507973,0.0002935474,0.0005356934,0.00037280683,0.00016526703,0.000429616,0.00016258704,0.00007210869],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004254469,0.00039775032,0.8863673,0.00023542781,0.0001446296,0.010599218,0.002120241,0.00312895,0.07109757,0.000097629345,0.00013223341,0.025253586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005567552,0.0005893184,0.9935773,0.000012716961,0.00004921937,0.0007056397,0.0013353343,0.0012038312,0.0019810945,0.00002036627,0.0005097295,0.000009759996],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02191655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06675834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02191655,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005164492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031175328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04357797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997318646","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005302","title":"The Effects of River Algae and Pore Water Flow on the Feeding of Juvenile Mussels","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","keywords":"Juvenile; Mussel; Surface water; Algae; Diatom; Unionidae; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Environmental science; Bivalvia; Ecology; Chemistry; Mollusca; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.017002609416409853,"score_gpt":0.27784990335979287,"score_spread":0.260847293943383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2997318646","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998022,0.000030713756,0.00002992015,0.0000034115424,6.683589e-7,0.0000016196722,0.000030256504,0.0000015987473,0.00009958177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995585,0.00002813099,0.000043424938,0.0000068557165,6.964964e-7,0.000002643457,0.00006256806,0.0000011556054,0.00029591398],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999925,0.000010147462,0.000004970571,0.000021289181,0.000018859047,0.000019717103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977416,0.000042064265,0.00006453185,0.000013441636,0.000046589324,0.000059264137],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009540473,0.00019770142,0.00018530205,0.00014200942,0.00032110055,0.0003886796,0.00013225658,0.00017459727,0.0007090404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023954545,0.00017399782,0.00018084522,0.00008583417,0.0002609128,0.00013852249,0.00019667015,0.00023018147,0.00008466688],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011995703,0.0000750104,0.29207534,0.00006047735,0.00005418214,0.0002545978,0.00047220726,0.0004460103,0.7009124,0.000029816822,0.00010107643,0.0043193977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000046910136,0.00027685112,0.98911846,0.0000024057624,0.00001043257,0.000033075466,0.000175467,0.00032661937,0.009886571,0.000006594175,0.00015528356,0.0000035140567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034734026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.060961325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034734026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00067989866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029476426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06906366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2998064285","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005577","title":"Key Components and Contrasts in the Nitrogen Budget Across a U.S.‐Canadian Transboundary Watershed","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Watershed; Agriculture; Environmental science; Fertilizer; Tonne; Agricultural economics; Agricultural science; Business; Geography; Agronomy; Ecology; Economics; Biology; Computer science","score_opus":0.041985173151404286,"score_gpt":0.30247298934773686,"score_spread":0.2604878161963326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2998064285","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852116,0.00044932147,0.00082372274,0.00057556684,0.000007665531,0.000051602456,0.0036469412,0.00005220605,0.00918142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938048,0.00044815714,0.0023968033,0.000091457056,0.0000020456541,0.000021458616,0.0017713873,0.000026151058,0.001437768],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995153,0.000029965755,0.000026896965,0.00011382003,0.00015758477,0.00015634234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992908,0.000031488787,0.000068590365,0.000016223776,0.00048535987,0.00010751375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040910507,0.00038591624,0.00027415575,0.0021985506,0.002055042,0.001682382,0.00050921814,0.00030980576,0.0011305743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012123586,0.00024345212,0.00041401724,0.0049405494,0.00080835895,0.0006396287,0.0010180552,0.0003529428,0.00007904384],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001876297,0.00004425652,0.92576057,0.00016967636,0.00028573355,0.0003803798,0.0027569248,0.011092029,0.009746874,0.0055490723,0.0033802523,0.040646594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005768724,0.000008131435,0.98454076,0.00004038196,0.0000810646,0.000053666805,0.0020408784,0.006842593,0.0004539552,0.00042823222,0.005473036,0.000031560823],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99401796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.997514,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029417617,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.029417617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.024782164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21344078},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2998542112","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005414","title":"Geochemistry of Small Canadian Arctic Rivers with Diverse Geological and Hydrological Settings","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Nunavut Arctic College; University of British Columbia; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Polar Knowledge Canada; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation","keywords":"Arctic; Bedrock; Archipelago; Geology; Drainage basin; Oceanography; Hydrology (agriculture); Climate change; Arctic ecology; Precipitation; Discharge; Physical geography; Environmental science; Geomorphology; Geography","score_opus":0.07990941605738378,"score_gpt":0.27728096574961403,"score_spread":0.19737154969223025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2998542112","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949439,0.0002866106,0.000119358294,0.000069719084,0.0000046600485,0.000013404586,0.002364945,0.000013796672,0.00218354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99679047,0.00023295928,0.0003828969,0.000042092754,0.000003454268,0.000012130485,0.0016985364,0.0000066606763,0.0008306799],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999619,0.000021259075,0.000018820794,0.00010159184,0.00013726002,0.00010200435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914634,0.00005975809,0.00012976705,0.000024204368,0.0005151777,0.00012478742],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038122703,0.00024901566,0.00027482543,0.0021054738,0.00283411,0.0012836166,0.0005525426,0.00022177641,0.0006877276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000768773,0.00018955377,0.00027332347,0.0040993704,0.000740693,0.0002228445,0.0006249576,0.00020923231,0.000091802765],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007526139,0.000018578241,0.98428047,0.000041256873,0.00006355597,0.000103758655,0.0010928367,0.0003461133,0.004205102,0.0002212047,0.0007760178,0.008775782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000013074708,0.000004653964,0.99746156,0.0000053727135,0.000013787649,0.000026186552,0.00064552703,0.00019804074,0.00026314665,0.000021503278,0.0013534526,0.000005477532],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.972388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98994243,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02761197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009965766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009603191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07230699},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000820734","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005051","title":"Varying Contributions of Drivers to the Relationship Between Canopy Photosynthesis and Far‐Red Sun‐Induced Fluorescence for Two Maize Sites at Different Temporal Scales","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Office of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Photosynthetically active radiation; Canopy; Atmospheric sciences; Linear relationship; Photosynthesis; Growing season; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Environmental science; Mathematics; Ecology; Physics; Botany; Biology; Statistics","score_opus":0.11255749426142433,"score_gpt":0.33577622599310486,"score_spread":0.22321873173168053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3000820734","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996971,0.000015740787,0.00010046093,0.0000034550494,6.4717926e-7,0.0000016344734,0.00010284869,0.000003140136,0.00007509295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99962234,0.000008704448,0.00013879094,0.0000024110832,6.8229633e-7,0.000002930701,0.00017641915,0.000002390696,0.000045224308],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998677,0.000015662961,0.0000069763964,0.00006140198,0.000018464565,0.000029742901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962986,0.00011409522,0.00011656111,0.000023382492,0.00006806222,0.000048024638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026374176,0.0001595584,0.00019333424,0.00044574923,0.00027947672,0.00045402307,0.00020889424,0.00023072727,0.00034224335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005076228,0.00017438181,0.00026410134,0.00043100532,0.00015623555,0.00028362364,0.00023850442,0.00017629491,0.000057117988],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034633986,0.00004502129,0.92356217,0.000025839994,0.00012353652,0.000086720414,0.0004116341,0.00066576886,0.07123057,0.00008854391,0.00006379512,0.0033501028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000017276728,0.000007967868,0.9989913,7.330386e-7,0.000008149753,0.00001281305,0.00007578536,0.00038674884,0.00045769196,0.0000059991903,0.000048468457,0.0000026315815],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027355853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.047789644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027355853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005137642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022207182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.054393232},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3001014125","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005300","title":"Contrasting Patterns of Labile and Semilabile Dissolved Organic Carbon From Continental Waters to the Open Ocean","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Estuary; Environmental science; Total organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Biomass (ecology); Oceanography; Organic matter; Primary producers; Ecology; Chemistry; Nutrient; Phytoplankton; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.03578994435620705,"score_gpt":0.2744565085075786,"score_spread":0.23866656415137152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3001014125","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99802077,0.00053064484,0.00010135621,0.000016888045,0.0000032601008,0.0000031595994,0.0005936319,0.000005732623,0.00072456856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981651,0.0004213764,0.00016407325,0.000028113482,0.0000056184936,0.000006575767,0.00086462183,0.0000041756484,0.0003404206],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997981,0.000017620674,0.000022561358,0.000092075745,0.000029551999,0.00004017711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952793,0.00007473762,0.00016508054,0.000023399962,0.00013148347,0.00007751808],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021460046,0.00030525113,0.00028713755,0.0019296013,0.0003391818,0.0011310779,0.00025276133,0.00035529496,0.00087888027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044665948,0.0001899205,0.00026735943,0.001902044,0.00042635418,0.00055205467,0.0008729625,0.00023819307,0.00022505855],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030391224,0.000035743094,0.89533436,0.00018913958,0.00023237157,0.00012314886,0.0010490653,0.00017807222,0.08586747,0.00013310005,0.00012987378,0.016423704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000015226921,0.000032376574,0.99769515,0.000008898296,0.000017691009,0.000030224946,0.00048355927,0.00008854856,0.001242518,0.000029576076,0.00036412518,0.000005672907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006726203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010862227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006726203,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025693368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020259425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01337409},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005314783","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005505","title":"Spatial Variability of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Solutes, and Suspended Sediment in Disturbed Low Arctic Coastal Watersheds","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Hydrology (agriculture); Dissolved organic carbon; Sediment; Total organic carbon; Environmental science; STREAMS; Arctic; Water quality; Watershed; Surface runoff; Drainage basin; Total dissolved solids; Total suspended solids; Geology; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Chemistry; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.04839175119849711,"score_gpt":0.2864334199977495,"score_spread":0.2380416687992524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3005314783","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997832,0.000013571558,0.000045873127,0.0000030498506,5.0548624e-7,7.2309786e-7,0.00007694019,0.0000024942722,0.000073811956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996625,0.000017551805,0.000091862246,0.0000020604532,0.0000012749747,0.0000019393526,0.00017847237,0.0000010485335,0.000043270873],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998417,0.00002608909,0.000018924331,0.000047910784,0.000033919314,0.000031393225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994018,0.00010961969,0.00021083874,0.000039126233,0.00015632383,0.00008224162],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004233798,0.00015300408,0.00026232685,0.0011125315,0.0004870287,0.0009401252,0.00019472287,0.00016671985,0.00032066464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00071919267,0.00011895687,0.00027076426,0.0015412287,0.00035628557,0.00022382531,0.00043716002,0.000118094744,0.000058159618],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028539442,0.000013619114,0.9966815,0.000005071765,0.000024734636,0.000047946916,0.00019640471,0.00061448186,0.0010128669,0.0000202966,0.000026614449,0.0013279709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011177278,0.000008627997,0.9980883,0.0000031663803,0.000009718422,0.00001865381,0.00029460734,0.0013315985,0.00013733322,0.000013090369,0.0000915079,0.0000023641949],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.086560406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.117537126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.086560406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009669431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005368819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17211312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005334676","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005263","title":"Could Cryoturbic Diapirs Be Key for Understanding Ecological Feedbacks to Climate Change in High Arctic Polar Deserts?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Arctic; Diapir; Permafrost; Environmental science; Geology; Ecology; Earth science; Oceanography; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.25926587059304923,"score_gpt":0.36952507552433406,"score_spread":0.11025920493128483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3005334676","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99802786,0.000500487,0.00028648495,0.00015452935,0.000008571166,0.000004336686,0.0003317286,0.000007914336,0.0006780154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991215,0.00020636614,0.00026338207,0.000065731816,0.0000075191297,0.0000033464119,0.0001756666,0.000002670655,0.00015388776],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991834,0.0000106000425,0.0000030196177,0.00002629951,0.000009709981,0.00003217073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997874,0.000014318605,0.00008191416,0.00000885745,0.000054935383,0.000052572454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002516559,0.00027146374,0.0003166388,0.00034866642,0.00066183426,0.00069920183,0.00031735143,0.00035077636,0.0010873688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002633661,0.00015733992,0.00021449635,0.00031980366,0.00059858174,0.00053770136,0.00031610162,0.00033160156,0.00014162633],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017817024,0.000049344013,0.947655,0.000078700046,0.00007049172,0.00010637966,0.0007534076,0.0006637933,0.042891115,0.000299442,0.0003260885,0.006928022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011178665,0.000013373977,0.99760795,0.000006928753,0.0000060203447,0.000014063312,0.00094436517,0.0005146312,0.00040593406,0.0001078595,0.0003740724,0.0000038186486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.095471136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.20259331,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.095471136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00120788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004967116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1898309},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007894431","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005501","title":"Long‐term Impacts of Permafrost Thaw on Carbon Storage in Peatlands: Deep Losses Offset by Surficial Accumulation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Thermokarst; Permafrost; Peat; Bog; Soil carbon; Environmental science; Geology; Chronosequence; Carbon cycle; Soil science; Wetland; Physical geography; Ecosystem; Soil water; Ecology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.1096777262421697,"score_gpt":0.35630316723880123,"score_spread":0.24662544099663153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3007894431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99950147,0.000029614821,0.00008781958,0.0000059481085,4.66227e-7,0.0000014542768,0.0001609721,0.000004280537,0.00020792671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99974746,0.000012653684,0.000058944264,0.0000031253678,2.6833385e-7,0.000001189405,0.00009119816,0.0000013244726,0.00008392879],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999635,0.0000030017627,0.0000015023871,0.000007939954,0.000008195753,0.00001580757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987125,0.000018812012,0.000020497002,0.000007946735,0.000045859844,0.000035578916],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014090499,0.00015305719,0.00014795607,0.00026292153,0.00051016285,0.00038975917,0.00022250629,0.00015529746,0.0006614928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002243554,0.00009479234,0.000122040445,0.00020324394,0.00022697498,0.00019369514,0.00017095165,0.00015023127,0.00007346099],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027775895,0.000032590568,0.92855555,0.00002725806,0.00005463664,0.00016182868,0.00019201804,0.0029573522,0.061362635,0.00011324668,0.000099787365,0.006165406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010246067,0.000014927636,0.99615544,0.0000020383616,0.0000062062886,0.000022735287,0.00012117111,0.0016178814,0.001914778,0.000029535897,0.000112238544,0.0000021617614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2841972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4739332,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2841972,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018668764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010030087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.565086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3008264376","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005473","title":"Invasive <i>Phragmites</i> Increases Blue Carbon Stock and Soil Volume in a St. Lawrence Estuary Marsh","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Phragmites; Marsh; Blue carbon; Brackish marsh; Spartina alterniflora; Environmental science; Estuary; Salt marsh; Wetland; Soil carbon; Spartina; Ecology; Soil water; Carbon sequestration; Soil science; Biology; Carbon dioxide","score_opus":0.024195509227917484,"score_gpt":0.2687309363679211,"score_spread":0.24453542714000362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3008264376","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998287,0.000006446878,0.000009077936,0.0000056577514,2.8287894e-7,8.0990736e-7,0.000027387045,0.0000021103342,0.000119575394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996635,0.000007793819,0.00003039157,0.000007116279,3.6208579e-7,0.000001182092,0.000051072413,5.639399e-7,0.0002379578],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999254,0.0000064132637,0.0000035366306,0.000019087072,0.000021762935,0.00002369951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954957,0.000032791046,0.00015781847,0.00001578732,0.00010700185,0.00013711481],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000093792754,0.00009643464,0.00010813119,0.00028388988,0.00040410724,0.00036081014,0.00021595682,0.00011851156,0.00065079605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016980017,0.00009503834,0.00008076444,0.00025458907,0.00030711523,0.0001363484,0.00022152261,0.00018010767,0.00006573777],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018516029,0.00013112037,0.9491724,0.000017209173,0.000040160594,0.00031916916,0.0005530219,0.00013512127,0.046181306,0.00004079747,0.00025519068,0.002969329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.8754025e-7,0.000020308597,0.99944717,6.6143696e-7,0.000001956404,0.000015696472,0.00014094757,0.00006827723,0.00022078409,0.0000020929406,0.000080448095,9.695391e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33023766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6696814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6697624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013795773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006060047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65663093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009663011","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005425","title":"Depth‐Resolved Photochemical Lability of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Western Tropical Pacific Ocean","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Colored dissolved organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Photobleaching; Lability; Environmental chemistry; Deep sea; Carbon cycle; Oceanography; Environmental science; Seawater; Chemistry; Photochemistry; Geology; Fluorescence; Phytoplankton; Ecology; Biology; Nutrient; Ecosystem","score_opus":0.03865210975217801,"score_gpt":0.28221256926400123,"score_spread":0.24356045951182323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3009663011","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995468,0.000044555905,0.000056577563,0.0000042352513,8.276131e-7,0.0000023095258,0.00012361142,0.0000023588423,0.00021870907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992428,0.00006512597,0.00015553883,0.0000090322565,0.000001506594,0.0000056188233,0.00020315283,0.0000018888292,0.00031532123],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999684,0.0000018906064,0.0000015615311,0.000013917006,0.000008048279,0.0000061591536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99993813,0.000008454345,0.000016101974,0.000003403563,0.000018238483,0.00001573346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006324059,0.000264697,0.000106536296,0.00031622732,0.00024221136,0.00024327227,0.00013176339,0.00017734797,0.00058597483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000101852966,0.00016192054,0.00012151744,0.0002569572,0.00016527995,0.00019924181,0.00017842623,0.00019438619,0.00007827791],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002523406,0.000040058578,0.2676142,0.00009606905,0.000056178007,0.00013322155,0.0004493439,0.0005020231,0.7239451,0.00002467022,0.00006807984,0.0068187644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000064750075,0.00008507265,0.96475196,0.0000045410843,0.00002896721,0.00006371076,0.00031875467,0.00069202343,0.033703603,0.000016743812,0.00032218866,0.000005938481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018372092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023590049,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018372092,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003291778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001706258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.036530316},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014591939","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005479","title":"Soil Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Flux in a Mixed Hardwood Forest: Net Uptake at Warmer Temperatures and the Importance of Mycorrhizal Associations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Division of Emerging Frontiers; U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Environmental Biology; Office of Science; Manitoba Medical Service Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Soil water; Sink (geography); Deciduous; Ecosystem; Biogeochemistry; Growing season; Forest ecology; Soil carbon; Ecology; Atmospheric sciences; Soil science; Biology; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.023799802946703915,"score_gpt":0.28386839235438066,"score_spread":0.26006858940767674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3014591939","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999824,0.000027534252,0.000028592318,0.000002425748,3.0428382e-7,0.0000010226645,0.00005419735,0.0000014874232,0.00006048118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997603,0.000017442488,0.000097046104,0.000004055316,8.764299e-7,0.0000017841918,0.00007117203,7.900913e-7,0.000046562294],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999485,0.000007586365,0.0000033277486,0.000018908817,0.0000078605235,0.000013748968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983644,0.000037372127,0.000049261158,0.00000706983,0.00002476324,0.000045026365],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001296003,0.00024357748,0.00018559842,0.0003526045,0.0003034987,0.0005263604,0.00018177599,0.00018107436,0.00037163883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012388987,0.00012578159,0.00012119944,0.00024223884,0.00018344248,0.0003487196,0.0001627659,0.00014814892,0.000059389215],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005960916,0.00013209952,0.84348816,0.0000415117,0.00007126452,0.00014141806,0.00020289974,0.00069328595,0.15083008,0.00006695755,0.000041498515,0.0036947196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035966566,0.00003529428,0.99618644,0.0000014964526,0.000007832279,0.000037571674,0.00011244314,0.0013159325,0.002236925,0.000018875387,0.000040992873,0.000002568709],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023652988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.043440282,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023652988,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054703275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025534752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.047030628},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3031144689","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005720","title":"Paleolimnological Assessment of Wildfire‐Derived Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Metal(loid)s and Major Ions to Subarctic Lakes (Northwest Territories, Canada)","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Carleton University","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Environmental science; Deposition (geology); Sediment; Trace element; Sedimentation; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Oceanography; Geochemistry; Chemistry; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.019711626899644414,"score_gpt":0.28469068371156875,"score_spread":0.26497905681192435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3031144689","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99910873,0.000078953875,0.000054739114,0.000006863423,7.683045e-7,0.000003383617,0.00026656795,0.0000036338283,0.00047638762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99903333,0.000098446326,0.00014559111,0.000008112532,9.1217265e-7,0.000003335329,0.0002882693,0.0000025970342,0.0004193368],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993944,0.0000037843304,0.000002662614,0.000016077798,0.000020455438,0.000017587923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983275,0.000009666318,0.000023972603,0.0000049921355,0.000092933704,0.000035584773],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014297165,0.00022963453,0.00013450772,0.0006181809,0.0010595669,0.0006519802,0.0002705341,0.00013157532,0.00055697263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014401316,0.00014438205,0.00013972052,0.0007470047,0.00028598792,0.00013861063,0.00026759607,0.00013717165,0.00008212652],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020379941,0.000022069988,0.97419363,0.000025373976,0.00004331756,0.00011012476,0.00060102885,0.00037300534,0.018987814,0.00004924069,0.000112142014,0.0052784346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001433837,0.000007506223,0.9981591,0.0000023202688,0.000008689676,0.00001689609,0.00030046533,0.00027626337,0.0010235374,0.000004547291,0.00019789046,0.0000014080417],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.893801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9482639,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.106199026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005464499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025817365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21364886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034421816","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005713","title":"Changes in Sedimentary Phosphorus Burial Following Artificial Eutrophication of Lake 227, Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario, Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Queen's University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Eutrophication; Sediment; Environmental chemistry; Sedimentary rock; Hypolimnion; Phosphorus; Anoxic waters; Epilimnion; Organic matter; Phosphate; Geology; Chemistry; Geochemistry; Nutrient; Paleontology","score_opus":0.038124226845566725,"score_gpt":0.28198143545877463,"score_spread":0.24385720861320792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034421816","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982663,0.00004989491,0.000052809806,0.000026481985,0.0000016754057,0.000013980721,0.00068694516,0.00000834776,0.00089372735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971527,0.000054571592,0.0002350243,0.00002076555,9.726795e-7,0.000020943251,0.0007434647,0.0000034424781,0.0017681122],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997913,0.000013773432,0.000012043479,0.00004911961,0.00008452585,0.00004929531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946684,0.000024217352,0.000100772835,0.00001803741,0.0002890806,0.00010103717],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013799133,0.00017602397,0.00014576706,0.0003696469,0.0010758697,0.00053107797,0.0004286524,0.00014508466,0.0010380627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034977973,0.00017120728,0.00015550343,0.00052875676,0.0006083959,0.00015076969,0.00034370756,0.00019247583,0.00014118041],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025808916,0.00021582643,0.8252981,0.00021208516,0.00018942167,0.00041402158,0.0024518468,0.0011923751,0.15079148,0.00041841998,0.002492841,0.013742752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016913704,0.0000595426,0.9938501,0.0000043441796,0.00001796799,0.000019404515,0.00050400576,0.000346427,0.003993799,0.000013951937,0.0011677749,0.000005710082],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9465967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9847291,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.053403318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.015680758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0057557886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11377239},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3035241888","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005427","title":"Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes From Maize Production Under Different Soil Fertility Management Practices in East Africa","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Manure; Fertilizer; Amendment; Agronomy; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Manure management; Randomized block design; Animal science; Soil fertility; Soil water; Biology; Ecology; Soil science","score_opus":0.10759277753156779,"score_gpt":0.31278762321772835,"score_spread":0.20519484568616056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3035241888","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996854,0.00003424111,0.000064449254,0.0000041162343,4.5285637e-7,0.0000051098114,0.00008913722,0.0000013876885,0.000115768824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99944824,0.000079090365,0.000270965,0.000005973087,5.653342e-7,0.000012265215,0.000086600085,0.0000013298886,0.000094909534],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998946,0.000024272884,0.000006373412,0.000029118519,0.000017828674,0.000027809048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980944,0.00004624431,0.00008020694,0.000010325312,0.00003696128,0.000016813248],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020210477,0.00041101014,0.00022938945,0.00034916506,0.00030261805,0.00036056343,0.00017446997,0.00020540114,0.00035293403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021252877,0.0001875444,0.00020503388,0.0005920951,0.0002295032,0.00034781883,0.00019196229,0.00016057109,0.00004532001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020377724,0.00023365337,0.4785384,0.00032480713,0.0002347827,0.0008455003,0.0013544516,0.0042018816,0.49504185,0.00024121888,0.00014748242,0.016798208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000233656,0.00036657814,0.96882474,0.000013210166,0.00007808346,0.00008662715,0.0010017427,0.0019659284,0.02690876,0.000039472285,0.0006769926,0.000014398519],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022216734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04322093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022216734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011060906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035720636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04417485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3038732210","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005748","title":"Maximum Carboxylation Rate Estimation With Chlorophyll Content as a Proxy of Rubisco Content","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"RuBisCO; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Biosphere model; Temperate climate; Biosphere; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Botany; Mathematics; Horticulture; Biology; Physics; Ecology","score_opus":0.06360060885188487,"score_gpt":0.2890168518233912,"score_spread":0.22541624297150634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3038732210","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8887412,0.000117295356,0.10988663,0.00003553959,0.000006096608,0.000020857748,0.00026528223,0.0003261223,0.0006007943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98864937,0.000023229422,0.010916519,0.0000089921905,8.713497e-7,0.000016753687,0.00016168687,0.0000123903255,0.00021015848],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998185,0.000039541224,0.000011178201,0.00008221693,0.00003010425,0.000018422796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996884,0.000115873,0.00006886835,0.000041263098,0.00006480389,0.00002078511],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006152264,0.0005689616,0.00043414315,0.0002811165,0.00017420764,0.0005971919,0.0006920647,0.00047006027,0.00036148116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008178389,0.00030437755,0.0006147358,0.0002846498,0.00019205199,0.00046182392,0.00035245458,0.00031302738,0.0001300601],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016878304,0.00010122593,0.10465174,0.00011131392,0.0002458994,0.0000607375,0.00006821481,0.7660286,0.11222358,0.00054008566,0.00026734776,0.015532476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008226725,0.000030613133,0.02316092,0.000004503001,0.00001976344,0.000021201255,0.000016057636,0.96628886,0.01002826,0.00020058604,0.00020440241,0.00001657561],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.031108383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018884877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031108383,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015576622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091933913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0618546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042014952","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005698","title":"Reconstructing the Seasonality and Trend in Global Leaf Area Index During 2001–2017 for Prognostic Modeling","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Leaf area index; Biosphere; Environmental science; Seasonality; Vegetation (pathology); Earth system science; Global change; Climate model; Climate change; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Mathematics; Statistics; Ecology; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.07541399337995516,"score_gpt":0.32105474713445153,"score_spread":0.24564075375449637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3042014952","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96853685,0.00017699353,0.027528333,0.00043184662,0.000043017673,0.000024178873,0.0017096552,0.00048462363,0.0010644392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99464107,0.000042917945,0.0041289614,0.000019242385,0.000008309343,0.000010472466,0.00087195146,0.000015734502,0.00026127213],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990034,0.000025917101,0.000010221572,0.000034231427,0.0000122288475,0.000016952186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954224,0.00015580816,0.000069431706,0.00006181582,0.00011774058,0.000052931093],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076702336,0.00068224146,0.0003413131,0.0005749215,0.00029010055,0.0005204974,0.0006619141,0.0006586893,0.001502825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011647542,0.0003166005,0.0006393577,0.00062431407,0.00017287838,0.00082724745,0.00042594917,0.0005532277,0.00029081941],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000117343,0.00011647404,0.122293696,0.000050701605,0.0000899031,0.0001112578,0.000051661824,0.85045373,0.004711437,0.00062510907,0.00089841656,0.02048029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000054803713,0.000009458284,0.007327658,0.000003481925,0.000008104826,0.0000052544774,0.00001104703,0.9920706,0.00030804725,0.00014566159,0.00009942488,0.0000057267525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03035535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023341952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03035535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000841715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009056057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.060357273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3046109644","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005799","title":"Integrating Perspectives to Understand Lake Ice Dynamics in a Changing World","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"International Institute for Sustainable Development; York University","funders":"Deutsche Stiftung Friedensforschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Limnology; Cryosphere; Temporal scales; Lake ecosystem; Environmental science; Physical geography; Ecosystem; Sea ice; Ecology; Climatology; Oceanography; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.04906024362501465,"score_gpt":0.31261802185117826,"score_spread":0.2635577782261636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3046109644","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.043920964,0.34493253,0.09056471,0.410869,0.0068137296,0.00008724971,0.0019187434,0.00020323443,0.10068984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5911358,0.31143644,0.053000957,0.026264261,0.011024954,0.0002623484,0.0011165703,0.00012358924,0.005635215],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983901,0.00095942087,0.00007433171,0.00018772298,0.00021218597,0.0001762499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955478,0.0027962564,0.00032011012,0.00022802463,0.0006590483,0.0004488667],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0062882216,0.0014055778,0.0011317666,0.004229382,0.002447309,0.00855042,0.0015959524,0.0028508948,0.005290442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003814253,0.00038659468,0.0009750546,0.0035500238,0.0070124296,0.012943895,0.005755194,0.005538725,0.0004534737],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008542944,0.00008832327,0.0062638675,0.0016850042,0.00025027298,0.00067873165,0.0100682955,0.0051013012,0.0012577997,0.8732135,0.023330241,0.077977255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009539603,0.000039555456,0.0030300496,0.0014882891,0.00007640942,0.00016106112,0.015422453,0.002818498,0.00036870298,0.7624944,0.2140466,0.000044423752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01000979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016158132,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01000979,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005026966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028270197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.036473393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048011831","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005616","title":"Travel Time and Source Variation Explain the Molecular Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in an Alpine Stream Network","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Carbon cycle; Spatial variability; Abiotic component; Spatial ecology; Biogeochemistry; Fluvial; Hydrology (agriculture); Atmospheric sciences; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Ecosystem; Geology; Geomorphology; Structural basin; Biology","score_opus":0.016271075347470125,"score_gpt":0.25992648150566533,"score_spread":0.2436554061581952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3048011831","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986351,0.000046109937,0.00096662657,0.000028310145,9.90647e-7,0.0000022463691,0.00016766018,0.000018594883,0.00013437512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994536,0.000023991637,0.00025546068,0.000002804611,0.0000018239652,0.0000021520646,0.00017811288,0.0000036713016,0.00007842047],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988484,0.000033349916,0.000007639388,0.000046652905,0.000011497604,0.000016079373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924767,0.0003640599,0.00017666123,0.00006043047,0.00008590572,0.000065304404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005433808,0.00019610673,0.00019798249,0.000763373,0.00029177396,0.0007113493,0.000285995,0.0003209971,0.00089555373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017734768,0.00015429156,0.00036089422,0.00059885223,0.0002116917,0.00040385465,0.0003056364,0.00017346373,0.00008780239],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009023434,0.000042133288,0.9023384,0.00002826624,0.00016758482,0.00011325457,0.00016112757,0.08415524,0.003665907,0.00073763414,0.00026139195,0.008238771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018825187,0.00002806968,0.5189798,0.000008004718,0.00005304976,0.00006346556,0.0001247097,0.47876585,0.0004486264,0.0009891931,0.00050699624,0.000013324015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023985203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018332105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023985203,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006303615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027661744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.047691166},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3080271463","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005647","title":"Seasonality and Budgets of Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions From a Tropical Dry Forest Successional Gradient in Costa Rica","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Rufford Foundation; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Soil water; Pasture; Biogeochemical cycle; Dry season; Biomass (ecology); Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests; Ecosystem; Seasonality; Forest ecology; Tropics; Agronomy; Hydrology (agriculture); Agroforestry; Ecology; Biology; Soil science","score_opus":0.04877312436175837,"score_gpt":0.3019953888994954,"score_spread":0.25322226453773705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3080271463","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99912053,0.000091549264,0.000037597012,0.000022153847,4.5565463e-7,0.0000038122832,0.00024797826,0.000005492589,0.00047033283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995092,0.000068366964,0.000071751005,0.0000089462,8.599256e-7,0.0000037641116,0.00021117111,0.0000015972793,0.0001243972],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999583,0.000009095917,0.000003524464,0.000010448579,0.0000068554505,0.000011649998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998925,0.000012738319,0.00004324031,0.000010632085,0.000024517509,0.000016267126],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014214747,0.00012739871,0.00010359735,0.00045787424,0.00016469411,0.00029362412,0.00015198461,0.000108406755,0.00039779893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026037454,0.00008009358,0.00013975064,0.0005244151,0.00016850584,0.00011346947,0.00024386913,0.000068554735,0.00005422309],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009196973,0.000021285809,0.9802536,0.000049246537,0.00009292631,0.00013568635,0.0005411548,0.0013851045,0.010815368,0.0000925876,0.00020713033,0.0063139442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001429489,0.0000031637207,0.9989814,0.000002334103,0.0000070473534,0.000015245455,0.000080703925,0.00056044984,0.00009818263,0.000005164925,0.00024376193,0.0000010139573],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11224111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16060951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11224111,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009242896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026171107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22317559},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3081315084","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005679","title":"Nutrient Uptake in the Supraglacial Stream Network of an Antarctic Glacier","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Polar Research and Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Glacier; STREAMS; Nutrient; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Sediment; Environmental science; Physical geography; Geomorphology; Ecology; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.0501013241980974,"score_gpt":0.33702206875862495,"score_spread":0.2869207445605275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3081315084","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997079,0.000028081233,0.000029665942,0.000004035709,4.6737668e-7,0.0000025122124,0.00006324379,0.0000029890818,0.00016096234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99935573,0.00005065559,0.0002013132,0.000008410174,8.417207e-7,0.00000621894,0.00016411098,0.0000014009005,0.00021134033],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993896,0.000008863441,0.0000031412403,0.00002086966,0.0000114929635,0.000016771977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999845,0.000022949042,0.000032246076,0.0000074570025,0.000050295974,0.00004199894],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008890534,0.00017235745,0.00020160434,0.00047989175,0.0006359712,0.0006495877,0.00019984455,0.00019230577,0.0006640339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001837038,0.0001035607,0.00012815146,0.000665161,0.00029100248,0.00018955285,0.000224086,0.00014193753,0.00009331093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038781742,0.000060794988,0.8460625,0.00006841103,0.000061147584,0.00029327563,0.0010313446,0.0018050732,0.14040059,0.00018071185,0.00016034233,0.009488009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000072426938,0.000107444816,0.99131143,0.0000056422505,0.000022000195,0.00006268839,0.0007454451,0.0019287602,0.0052363425,0.00006704132,0.0004997142,0.000006289879],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07915725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.13024402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07915725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013851243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009767611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15739298},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3082585351","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005631","title":"Temporal and Vertical Oxygen Gradients Modulate Nitrous Oxide Production in a Seasonally Anoxic Fjord: Saanich Inlet, British Columbia","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ocean Networks Canada Society; University of Victoria","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Anoxic waters; New production; Nitrate; Nitrite; Nitrous oxide; Water column; Ammonium; Fjord; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Denitrification; Supersaturation; Nitrification; Oxygen; Nitrogen; Oceanography; Nutrient; Geology","score_opus":0.027614484948270013,"score_gpt":0.2532375511485621,"score_spread":0.2256230662002921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3082585351","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985784,0.00006277482,0.000043867876,0.000035437955,0.0000048294787,0.0000063132247,0.00020398367,0.000008611874,0.0010557333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982638,0.00006734816,0.00011452158,0.000041512067,0.0000012543917,0.0000085224965,0.0002561203,0.0000049116807,0.0012418552],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998754,0.000005629861,0.0000053653584,0.00003847667,0.00002616043,0.00004902939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967,0.000026566686,0.000037252616,0.000009108875,0.00015386671,0.00010318375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000097221586,0.00026177894,0.00030083195,0.00052717555,0.0016307357,0.00092657463,0.00049643754,0.00041053418,0.001102776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027352967,0.00031416496,0.00016111923,0.00062882446,0.0006608728,0.00019950548,0.00051285245,0.00044119384,0.00018410695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00076446316,0.00019256046,0.74014944,0.00013325494,0.00010551935,0.0005691284,0.002472963,0.0014474493,0.2375756,0.00022113892,0.0014744698,0.014894018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000056206586,0.000018756626,0.9966641,0.0000076093943,0.000010378593,0.000014083409,0.0008655781,0.0005365463,0.0011764414,0.000014934917,0.00067867705,0.00000739375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.90947825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.956158,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09052175,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0058466173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004128916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18210965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083257497","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005774","title":"The Response of Spectral Vegetation Indices and Solar‐Induced Fluorescence to Changes in Illumination Intensity and Geometry in the Days Surrounding the 2017 North American Solar Eclipse","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Photochemical Reflectance Index; Solar eclipse; Environmental science; Eclipse; Remote sensing; Atmospheric sciences; Canopy; Vegetation (pathology); Spectral bands; Absorption (acoustics); Intensity (physics); Climate change; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Physics; Optics; Geology; Botany; Astronomy; Biology; Ecology","score_opus":0.0412284450343264,"score_gpt":0.3103830654068823,"score_spread":0.26915462037255594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3083257497","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99923086,0.000034973415,0.00013768107,0.000013843173,0.000005235669,0.0000025276063,0.00021262771,0.0000064028104,0.00035574578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919516,0.00003350886,0.00009478014,0.000012266812,0.0000053969775,0.000005894387,0.0005252643,0.0000043214295,0.00012346367],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999232,0.000011120357,0.0000029310745,0.000024492625,0.000021409205,0.000016774673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998191,0.00004526963,0.000043630807,0.000014349463,0.000053810465,0.000023941273],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001337942,0.00016866787,0.00019108335,0.0002619025,0.00025156763,0.00035419755,0.00011204653,0.00020749417,0.00045229797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033453043,0.0000821548,0.00014940341,0.00028260093,0.00019194288,0.00015369937,0.00019057334,0.00028165086,0.00010390078],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010783894,0.00021723598,0.8152654,0.00006348348,0.0001747634,0.00016928201,0.0005040934,0.0032094975,0.15778258,0.00018723341,0.0011396961,0.020208403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018415407,0.00001878307,0.9971835,0.000001721114,0.0000059183985,0.0000172005,0.00008243621,0.0008823949,0.0016078175,0.00001670932,0.00017883194,0.0000029424932],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011963578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0185459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9880364,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035363255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000193064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023787856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083910856","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005389","title":"The Impact of Seasonal and Annual Climate Variations on the Carbon Uptake Capacity of a Deciduous Forest Within the Great Lakes Region of Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; McMaster University; McMaster University Medical Centre","funders":"Global Water Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Deciduous; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Climate change; Forest ecology; Productivity; Carbon sink; Sink (geography); Geography; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.028496281984088958,"score_gpt":0.265863564668875,"score_spread":0.23736728268478605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3083910856","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978783,0.00016773057,0.000044816425,0.00006837463,0.000002458063,0.0000039672013,0.0007095159,0.0000054596435,0.0011193365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991534,0.00009705945,0.000056713277,0.000017725417,0.0000013770151,0.000002023732,0.00026206227,0.0000019848314,0.00040769627],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998318,0.000010368784,0.0000065002196,0.000035717403,0.000051545412,0.00006401119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994529,0.000041440446,0.00007947188,0.00001585807,0.00026052684,0.00014971572],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016839485,0.00022508152,0.00015473858,0.0005246928,0.001365697,0.00088139286,0.00035326934,0.00014356044,0.00078738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047818033,0.00012608817,0.0002263161,0.00091492175,0.0005251399,0.00023384356,0.0003659141,0.00021029996,0.00006652942],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007791953,0.00001698722,0.98921275,0.00002659166,0.0000861482,0.0001703244,0.00074123865,0.00092671,0.003153828,0.00009664753,0.0006614311,0.004829392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011299269,0.0000033172037,0.9987324,0.0000036105698,0.0000075989933,0.000016204445,0.00041739357,0.00030449024,0.00010490317,0.0000102790345,0.00039544364,0.0000033099668],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98726547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9960277,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012734532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0120185735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0085266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0872013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3084080729","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005822","title":"Correcting Clear‐Sky Bias in Gross Primary Production Modeling From Satellite Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Data","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Sky; Satellite; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Primary production; Canopy; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geography; Physics; Astronomy","score_opus":0.1716128526654512,"score_gpt":0.3298294218183757,"score_spread":0.1582165691529245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3084080729","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.365169,0.0005789213,0.6294308,0.00037751038,0.00013174755,0.00006809761,0.00079577847,0.0012961441,0.0021519694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84770936,0.0002894448,0.14940503,0.000051104125,0.000033682772,0.000054590168,0.0006366082,0.0001161767,0.0017039755],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99974626,0.00006260459,0.000020508147,0.00008021258,0.00006781789,0.00002262789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971133,0.000090832735,0.000031995074,0.000054844728,0.00010047846,0.000010594666],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078179984,0.00044155147,0.00023465163,0.00027558138,0.0002396841,0.00064293266,0.00045891135,0.00038479175,0.0005415592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017537043,0.0002896926,0.00038364617,0.00034293544,0.00014718357,0.0005876785,0.00036887595,0.00040897034,0.00027224727],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015593678,0.00006355932,0.067923754,0.00030471076,0.00040240466,0.00024196158,0.00019464569,0.6350474,0.07558426,0.00882669,0.0029568176,0.2082979],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002787169,0.00005159667,0.037924044,0.000025421888,0.00006370391,0.0000860612,0.000041785934,0.9234914,0.03160559,0.003142199,0.0034923165,0.000048004673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0105585065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012159065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0105585065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032295953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008251384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020994127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3086958571","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005348","title":"Morphometric Control on Dissolved Organic Carbon in Subarctic Streams","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Drainage basin; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Total organic carbon; STREAMS; Hydrology (agriculture); Permafrost; Catchment area; Spatial ecology; Carbon fibers; Physical geography; Geology; Ecology; Geography; Oceanography; Cartography","score_opus":0.08410885964823112,"score_gpt":0.31203673124203346,"score_spread":0.22792787159380234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3086958571","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994721,0.000046779795,0.00015176613,0.0000065302224,0.0000012569249,0.0000016172377,0.000079078374,0.000009599089,0.00023121541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99969983,0.000023754143,0.0000967881,0.0000018006076,0.0000015646532,0.000001248762,0.00009600274,0.0000016584067,0.000077355195],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999818,0.000060425533,0.000010973224,0.0000461275,0.00004122762,0.00002320733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989452,0.00035217495,0.00040156045,0.00006619469,0.00013499775,0.00009988783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005752611,0.00023672078,0.00022372823,0.00082851993,0.00020633786,0.0006334912,0.0001508731,0.000107557265,0.0009352647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017740662,0.00010153509,0.00022115413,0.00081210036,0.00056321564,0.00018161298,0.00039444005,0.00014355071,0.00011448468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009299428,0.000024470923,0.9872455,0.000015341226,0.000056163844,0.000075991855,0.00008855604,0.0031597244,0.0034393112,0.00011472119,0.0000562561,0.0056311283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010653796,0.000012467857,0.99765563,0.0000021739422,0.000007096718,0.000021012589,0.0000622335,0.0019215251,0.00019337398,0.00003232442,0.00008877681,0.0000022952079],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013218809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016946597,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013218809,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005406417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003536621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026283741},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3091895513","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005917","title":"Importance of Shaded Leaf Contribution to the Total GPP of Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystems: Evaluation of MODIS GPP","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McMaster University","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Primary production; Biome; Environmental science; Eddy covariance; Terrestrial ecosystem; Carbon cycle; Atmospheric sciences; Vegetation (pathology); Canopy; Leaf area index; Remote sensing; Ecosystem; Geography; Ecology; Satellite; Geology","score_opus":0.06026998114106396,"score_gpt":0.31203728670293374,"score_spread":0.25176730556186977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3091895513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939604,0.00024564436,0.0015807045,0.00009549273,0.000009417507,0.000023758303,0.0016069189,0.00017052276,0.0023072092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962633,0.000091461225,0.0023309472,0.000019510562,0.000002495785,0.000009206545,0.0010000737,0.000031116688,0.00025184324],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995839,0.000043983044,0.0000146786915,0.000107853826,0.00017987959,0.00006968303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990096,0.00018736107,0.000057738496,0.00005569081,0.0006002185,0.00008934487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081875117,0.0008461153,0.00032145678,0.0007031759,0.0013319992,0.0011692935,0.0011611367,0.0003626127,0.00052961754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024037757,0.00024121048,0.00045464342,0.0016063054,0.00044919126,0.000780231,0.0004073954,0.0004081579,0.00008071702],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010293184,0.00019419515,0.4501649,0.0003347433,0.0005359318,0.00026624496,0.00045544197,0.42365795,0.017349424,0.0018364701,0.0040572733,0.100118086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000066329405,0.000057305842,0.3785952,0.000023186201,0.000130588,0.000061778475,0.0002671606,0.6130901,0.005423477,0.0002184459,0.0019955246,0.000070875394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.96673834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.95425546,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033261657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.012007525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0067661805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08712107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3093367740","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005825","title":"Getting to the Root of Plant‐Mediated Methane Emissions and Oxidation in a Thermokarst Bog","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Impact","funders":"Joint Genome Institute","keywords":"Methane; Anaerobic oxidation of methane; Growing season; Permafrost; Bog; Environmental science; Peat; Environmental chemistry; Vegetation (pathology); Methanotroph; Chemistry; Oxygen; Methanogenesis; Agronomy; Ecology","score_opus":0.10751332956129488,"score_gpt":0.3374262604496987,"score_spread":0.2299129308884038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3093367740","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996314,0.000032128453,0.000110187015,0.000009523955,0.0000014729908,0.0000023592263,0.000037801405,0.000007710232,0.00016747777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989195,0.000029666531,0.00038292873,0.000022493577,0.0000014352713,0.000009126522,0.000092411545,0.000004627902,0.0005378043],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999225,0.000009440167,0.00000440158,0.000027783368,0.000012632869,0.000023220473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984646,0.000035331646,0.000029799108,0.000010728885,0.000022288956,0.0000554205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012295565,0.00019593065,0.00025145276,0.00019653162,0.00035061804,0.0003337395,0.00020775647,0.00033296883,0.0006178754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015560859,0.00016764987,0.00020981148,0.00009019047,0.00028560316,0.00023397537,0.0003667764,0.0004497317,0.00010369005],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040776574,0.000045904082,0.012727566,0.00003893693,0.000008992208,0.000049391772,0.0002079868,0.0001631158,0.9847068,0.000038251615,0.000017016824,0.0015881095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012838777,0.00063448824,0.8935641,0.000016968277,0.000028135313,0.00010659634,0.0011076145,0.003105909,0.10041966,0.0001418903,0.00084647746,0.000015343541],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009971729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014261754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009971729,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005309785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032290685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019827366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094639017","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005725","title":"Riverine Dissolved Organic Carbon and Freshwater Export in the Eastern Gulf of Alaska","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Forests; Vancouver Island University; Kamloops Art Gallery","funders":"","keywords":"Estuary; Dissolved organic carbon; Oceanography; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Drainage basin; STREAMS; Ecosystem; Geology; Ecology; Geography","score_opus":0.037666360353763355,"score_gpt":0.2679274241363701,"score_spread":0.23026106378260675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3094639017","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992268,0.00008791258,0.00003011112,0.00001514927,0.0000013675755,3.8866767e-7,0.00021036883,0.0000028284685,0.0004251217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99958616,0.00007042597,0.000033895998,0.000004494695,0.0000011616618,5.155364e-7,0.00015301697,9.274886e-7,0.0001492833],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999962,0.000005255163,0.000005723694,0.000011590994,0.000010489052,0.0000049473733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997782,0.000045076333,0.00007070009,0.000010504873,0.00006029453,0.00003519727],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001827053,0.0001542467,0.00011992839,0.00055716827,0.00027288968,0.000588422,0.000098372475,0.00013245914,0.00073343236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004896718,0.00009185504,0.00009625126,0.0005262017,0.0001665103,0.00029496162,0.000290787,0.0001164639,0.00009434199],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044933553,0.000013767124,0.9953367,0.000010292727,0.00003711665,0.00008840119,0.00014934904,0.0007446665,0.00080241874,0.000056911944,0.00006887344,0.002646621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018911023,0.000008810632,0.9983866,0.000009136549,0.00001351468,0.000029434696,0.00037348177,0.0007183691,0.00012517591,0.000070970134,0.00025962616,0.0000030555516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10949036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12566452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10949036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056651625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028085744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21770614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3104252249","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006012","title":"Magnetotaxis as an Adaptation to Enable Bacterial Shuttling of Microbial Sulfur and Sulfur Cycling Across Aquatic Oxic‐Anoxic Interfaces","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Australian Research Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Anoxic waters; Magnetotactic bacteria; Greigite; Biogeochemical cycle; Sulfur; Chemistry; Magnetosome; Biomineralization; Sulfide; Sulfur cycle; Sulfate; Environmental chemistry; Chemical engineering; Magnetite; Biophysics; Pyrite; Mineralogy; Biology; Paleontology","score_opus":0.04445310247129728,"score_gpt":0.3360620113509549,"score_spread":0.2916089088796576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3104252249","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99813914,0.00011701533,0.0010200172,0.00007905031,0.000012325693,0.000010813425,0.00006540139,0.00007716801,0.00047903726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982161,0.000055379434,0.0011391469,0.000034482124,0.000003210976,0.000010940127,0.00007375074,0.0000067072447,0.0004602411],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999287,0.0000082872275,0.000006115154,0.00001809921,0.000018420751,0.000020281677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999331,0.000006793917,0.000019910984,0.000010343178,0.0000091233405,0.000020699352],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008052827,0.0002538486,0.00013774917,0.00011777917,0.00013046229,0.00028189993,0.00021194233,0.00024784697,0.00042419863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000094471165,0.00009813065,0.0001643023,0.00007962895,0.00020675793,0.00013420831,0.00047645232,0.00027025153,0.000103567225],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018176715,0.0000069410225,0.00036176274,0.000010245485,0.000001710859,0.000021966953,0.00000954337,0.000031397085,0.9988257,0.000055687466,0.000019285548,0.00063755334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018916067,0.00026785894,0.02404444,0.00000729495,0.000014708686,0.00029569934,0.00016785314,0.0030554575,0.9687213,0.00012657708,0.0032639913,0.000015931675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009502034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00097139843,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009502034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022244795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016052592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001889348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3108140355","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005863","title":"Total Aquatic Carbon Emissions Across the Boreal Biome of Québec Driven by Watershed Slope","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Boreal; Aquatic ecosystem; Watershed; Ecosystem; Carbon cycle; Carbon sequestration; Greenhouse gas; Biome; Terrestrial ecosystem; Carbon sink; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon fibers; Ecology; Atmospheric sciences; Carbon dioxide; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.03242048697506212,"score_gpt":0.29090175534432383,"score_spread":0.2584812683692617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3108140355","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898957,0.00020715616,0.0005122619,0.00014781984,0.000004504088,0.00001947204,0.006434055,0.00004230584,0.0027366842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99802375,0.000049119637,0.00019583372,0.00002145303,0.0000012917823,0.000006281014,0.0012365993,0.0000037116486,0.00046198844],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985564,0.00002199791,0.0000057771435,0.000042833344,0.000031938467,0.000041866617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994161,0.00006222143,0.00008601875,0.000023912871,0.0003286824,0.00008304514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002458887,0.00031034203,0.00018975197,0.0008706259,0.0005662488,0.00088693446,0.00042622897,0.00021078215,0.0018267828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005949101,0.00008475065,0.00031053295,0.0015040246,0.0003272347,0.00026755984,0.00029197265,0.00018033675,0.00008682426],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008171039,0.000026581876,0.9747713,0.000028873925,0.0001950205,0.00010235047,0.0001615097,0.0130770365,0.0019409177,0.0002857129,0.001635345,0.0076937466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004402007,0.0000050983795,0.99119896,0.000007695864,0.000020354852,0.000014703406,0.0001752904,0.0076995245,0.00012571615,0.000031606498,0.00070839364,0.000008357941],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9864029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9899907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013597071,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.011489299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0034791036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08336109},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110502316","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005834","title":"Thermokarst Disturbance Drives Concentration and Composition of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Lakes of the Western Canadian Arctic","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermokarst; Permafrost; Erosion; Total organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Petroleum; Arctic; Sediment; Geology; Slump; Oil shale; Environmental science; Geochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Earth science; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Paleontology","score_opus":0.05571511542924965,"score_gpt":0.29263256363674284,"score_spread":0.2369174482074932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3110502316","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991266,0.000070012975,0.000050802308,0.000017445467,0.000001680583,0.0000047437275,0.00023054199,0.000005494771,0.000492776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993243,0.000058606944,0.00011539693,0.00001491125,0.0000011819321,0.0000039354404,0.0001878519,0.0000036719614,0.00029013274],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980944,0.000011105146,0.000007779927,0.00005009643,0.000059526967,0.00006216749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963117,0.000019253559,0.000060491493,0.000010274196,0.00021629126,0.00006248387],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018505946,0.0002965881,0.00031994487,0.0010575575,0.0023927279,0.00093430723,0.00039439998,0.000276288,0.000740598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003846874,0.00028507947,0.00021932575,0.0014583055,0.0007466011,0.00033196656,0.0006295794,0.00018267866,0.000086732485],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021202498,0.00003640645,0.95893365,0.0000546818,0.00009498761,0.00016931194,0.001789489,0.00041792163,0.031769365,0.000089997586,0.00027484715,0.006157373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000017083955,0.0000060438747,0.99822015,0.000003902509,0.000010740363,0.000015227025,0.00075111975,0.00025851047,0.00048461283,0.000010444841,0.0002339402,0.0000036141116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.92438644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9718921,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07561356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0064666565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005794879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15211767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3111127743","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006148","title":"Once Upon a Time, in AmeriFlux","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Appeal; Feeling; Public relations; Psychology; Diversity (politics); Political science; Social psychology","score_opus":0.07891595770962724,"score_gpt":0.3799711701742734,"score_spread":0.30105521246464617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3111127743","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8416664,0.002699111,0.0008361981,0.010141126,0.0013975287,0.00016229761,0.003111866,0.00027848495,0.13970685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7734255,0.000762726,0.0013124046,0.0035348148,0.00029009965,0.00011414309,0.001605765,0.000103367114,0.21885122],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99977905,0.000024647246,0.0000058388564,0.000042598156,0.000038685324,0.000109135755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973017,0.000027978967,0.000021953594,0.000006789597,0.00006897528,0.00014407841],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004769419,0.00024171513,0.00014220983,0.00042979865,0.005407354,0.0016293313,0.00062813744,0.0007871752,0.026107164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041140214,0.00014516064,0.0001535542,0.00056502386,0.00075007125,0.000852784,0.0009885385,0.0009677971,0.0031155623],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001687685,0.0005963197,0.116980724,0.0010532667,0.000043050124,0.015698839,0.21067949,0.0003236414,0.01980797,0.012628988,0.36210522,0.25839475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000491605,0.00020910443,0.15655103,0.00011321703,0.000013683858,0.00078809564,0.13440765,0.00016178167,0.00086183933,0.0004353608,0.7063798,0.00002926599],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.110423185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.25416598,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.110423185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0043110163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044227517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21956086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122487021","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005823","title":"Topographical Controls on Hillslope‐Scale Hydrology Drive Shrub Distributions on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Office of Science","keywords":"Environmental science; Shrub; Hydrology (agriculture); Tundra; Biomass (ecology); Arctic; Geology; Ecology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.05913156814505737,"score_gpt":0.3182645696733056,"score_spread":0.2591330015282482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122487021","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997224,0.000008202902,0.00005506803,0.0000050044155,5.702262e-7,7.3842244e-7,0.000047215202,0.0000056556078,0.00015517557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998267,0.000009573181,0.00005470755,0.0000017918886,3.749653e-7,9.272501e-7,0.000041651834,0.0000010818158,0.00006332186],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99996257,0.000008621706,0.000002722343,0.000014447869,0.000004639163,0.0000069778703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998877,0.000031722146,0.000023945178,0.000010963465,0.000020156727,0.00002545608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014774798,0.000118107346,0.000118524345,0.00022270708,0.00028520913,0.00039938246,0.00015293507,0.00013525847,0.00080501736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024089767,0.0001506665,0.00019708634,0.00017232394,0.00022175127,0.000200118,0.00022389446,0.00009794451,0.000071663795],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001308853,0.00005318945,0.93329227,0.000024622961,0.00010343525,0.00018872519,0.00029013757,0.05056751,0.011279597,0.0002905443,0.00021543371,0.0035636905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001301199,0.000033441836,0.9401725,0.000008364868,0.000041247054,0.000041143183,0.00055372284,0.05802032,0.0006529074,0.00020444406,0.00024782197,0.000011068131],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06873952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12382484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06873952,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042547713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038593315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13667887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122825988","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005969","title":"Using Water Table Depths Inferred From Testate Amoebae to Estimate Holocene Methane Emissions From the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Forest Research Institute; Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Holocene; Peat; Testate amoebae; Methane; Atmospheric methane; Geology; Water table; Environmental science; Physical geography; Paleoclimatology; Bay; Wetland; Hydrology (agriculture); Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Oceanography; Ecology; Geography; Archaeology","score_opus":0.04865145194158913,"score_gpt":0.34857109390843405,"score_spread":0.2999196419668449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122825988","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99858415,0.00008167961,0.00016338611,0.00000713637,0.0000010601473,0.0000035205207,0.0008087481,0.0000061650385,0.000344305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998708,0.000052446878,0.00029261084,0.0000049090795,8.361093e-7,0.0000048576976,0.0007347283,0.000001973929,0.000199699],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998772,0.0000123146765,0.0000068712443,0.000035379126,0.000031376858,0.000036777037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958473,0.000050256804,0.00009245536,0.00002318789,0.0001702291,0.0000790367],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020378125,0.00025287582,0.00016707313,0.0014446169,0.0006169678,0.0005859305,0.00033473526,0.00015776251,0.0005124625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006238492,0.00014987726,0.00018269381,0.0013056296,0.00026421138,0.00019806746,0.00038430342,0.00012517866,0.00010003022],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002730231,0.000005919401,0.9936991,0.000008386825,0.000024582616,0.00002143537,0.00024658986,0.00026369363,0.0023580852,0.000017639166,0.00007976253,0.0032475449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011228007,0.000003559141,0.9984522,0.0000040522077,0.000004920274,0.0000074574027,0.0002139153,0.00078681565,0.00027298907,0.0000073252672,0.00024366532,0.0000020724938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8321713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9303813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16782868,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003123209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011577581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3376341},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126339672","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006076","title":"Relationship Between Leaf Maximum Carboxylation Rate and Chlorophyll Content Preserved Across 13 Species","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Cmax; Carboxylation; Photosynthetic capacity; Botany; Chlorophyll a; Horticulture; Biology; Agronomy","score_opus":0.11673023753578474,"score_gpt":0.32764276710883694,"score_spread":0.2109125295730522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3126339672","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991026,0.000061074374,0.00026623806,0.000005347236,5.451315e-7,0.000003944587,0.0002931343,0.0000144331725,0.00025264386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99925596,0.000019000257,0.0002101105,0.0000041713834,3.0024677e-7,0.0000038759545,0.00038899132,0.000004056406,0.000113556765],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981815,0.000012420711,0.000009307102,0.00010184122,0.000035140318,0.000023210321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994816,0.00014158184,0.00009735772,0.000053748456,0.00016171129,0.00006408685],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037159843,0.0002799984,0.00046278973,0.00072907243,0.00066864374,0.00058159535,0.00051789434,0.00027136307,0.00058595504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006869301,0.00023219638,0.00023286972,0.00093894725,0.00059369,0.00028682893,0.00028360606,0.00017799564,0.00011154539],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032209794,0.000028450197,0.89815724,0.00009510452,0.00021375144,0.00009464434,0.0007608985,0.0033820535,0.088307545,0.00008662809,0.00018519086,0.008366373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000028102584,0.000015469766,0.99674666,0.0000016950717,0.000016217991,0.00001820529,0.00013802064,0.0016632495,0.0012394392,0.000018921988,0.00013406997,0.000005269953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.45795238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5459933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45795238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0033195615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010861456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9105736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126659815","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006038","title":"Continuous Dynamics of Dissolved Methane Over 2 Years and its Carbon Isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C, Δ<sup>14</sup>C) in a Small Arctic Lake in the Mackenzie Delta","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Geological Society of America; American Geophysical Union; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Methane; Water column; Permafrost; Atmosphere (unit); Environmental chemistry; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Anaerobic oxidation of methane; Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Oceanography; Geology; Ecology; Materials science; Meteorology","score_opus":0.02447487889776152,"score_gpt":0.2850603196756253,"score_spread":0.2605854407778638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3126659815","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99977964,0.00001027339,0.000028915494,0.0000060693574,5.0452076e-7,0.0000015957304,0.00009297912,0.0000032787163,0.00007676593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994,0.000012625714,0.00019927899,0.00000661208,0.0000015407987,0.000006732738,0.00022186339,0.0000019799895,0.00014930773],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993587,0.0000047251615,0.000004547777,0.000025655354,0.000015658175,0.000013620597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984634,0.000017418803,0.000035452944,0.000008966268,0.000051072693,0.000040861938],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012240116,0.00024354403,0.00025391518,0.00036564266,0.0007473005,0.0004520939,0.00033339002,0.0002702889,0.00030746212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016964352,0.00020808476,0.00017128304,0.00029948584,0.00030756416,0.00027571697,0.0004117794,0.00021065577,0.0000837422],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005903554,0.00010482534,0.8487357,0.000042644555,0.00009522635,0.00029118234,0.0007249657,0.0005506135,0.14244746,0.00003996606,0.00016673646,0.006210359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007116791,0.00011320772,0.99130857,0.0000032804353,0.00003319856,0.000053220654,0.0003720533,0.0018487221,0.005920036,0.000012646487,0.00032186494,0.0000061373867],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027823955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.062671095,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9721761,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007812436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000355017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.055324018},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3128051911","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006054","title":"Influence of Hydraulic Connectivity on Carbon Burial Efficiency in Mackenzie Delta Lake Sediments","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Delta; Geology; Total organic carbon; Sediment; Context (archaeology); Sedimentation; Carbon fibers; Climate change; Paleolimnology; Structural basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Arctic; Total inorganic carbon; Environmental science; Physical geography; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Ecology; Carbon dioxide; Environmental chemistry; Geography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.03343775396734229,"score_gpt":0.3169916123643566,"score_spread":0.2835538583970143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3128051911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996524,0.000020604824,0.000018150064,0.0000061452693,2.6146336e-7,8.4422265e-7,0.00006074894,0.000002334005,0.00023857322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99983156,0.0000142522495,0.00002802758,0.0000026704306,3.6151482e-7,8.811388e-7,0.00005097394,0.0000011916271,0.00007002918],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992335,0.0000073171395,0.0000079549145,0.000020897733,0.00001657627,0.000023853901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997063,0.00004600611,0.00008303029,0.000012201036,0.000100090714,0.000052211308],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001460499,0.00020116217,0.00016408873,0.001062239,0.00057710963,0.00079703593,0.00019190025,0.00015232469,0.00071840413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063036213,0.00017840786,0.00010581714,0.00071148353,0.00045636704,0.0003328606,0.00055503455,0.000092958624,0.00007834781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013580656,0.000009583105,0.980586,0.000020620457,0.000056906192,0.00010188217,0.0002669999,0.0009574997,0.014619725,0.00009350856,0.000056724515,0.003094748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000017513474,0.000009785425,0.99853253,0.0000018439653,0.000008717227,0.000017887063,0.00016157253,0.00054905354,0.0005710031,0.000016779099,0.00012636773,0.0000027009548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15188974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.24369566,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15188974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014858341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00066820293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3020113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3131733104","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005869","title":"Carbon Fluxes and Microbial Activities From Boreal Peatlands Experiencing Permafrost Thaw","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Permafrost; Bog; Thermokarst; Peat; Environmental science; Boreal; Growing season; Plateau (mathematics); Methanogenesis; Soil water; Ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Soil science; Geology; Methane; Oceanography","score_opus":0.05490520952214973,"score_gpt":0.3075599002429188,"score_spread":0.25265469072076907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3131733104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99981624,0.000020305288,0.000016708333,0.0000014660675,4.704478e-7,0.0000010050213,0.00006937488,9.833395e-7,0.00007350383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996551,0.000022329985,0.000049114133,0.000004258015,0.0000011853128,0.0000029674325,0.0001819579,5.91383e-7,0.00008244382],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99995816,0.00000530594,0.0000035971766,0.000012030621,0.000006740366,0.000014102198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985635,0.000020225243,0.000051461117,0.0000065382674,0.0000233248,0.000042016643],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013881353,0.00021642867,0.0001721679,0.0003655238,0.00039402963,0.00039477693,0.000085276704,0.00016429242,0.0005193784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019211922,0.000119995195,0.00013752187,0.00020215102,0.00019792341,0.00024548415,0.000219819,0.00018151705,0.00005794173],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040854263,0.00008679834,0.8860295,0.000035859368,0.00004374817,0.00017226618,0.0007169901,0.00025351017,0.1084072,0.000024151923,0.000039055827,0.0037824253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.2337875e-7,0.000027985061,0.999009,0.0000011863941,0.0000028998645,0.000024990255,0.00015845426,0.000062042585,0.00067378196,0.0000067103256,0.000031190662,0.0000011091743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0124539975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.026785033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0124539975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002628318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015794026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024763048},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133112522","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005898","title":"The Role of Climate and Lake Size in Regulating the Ice Phenology of Boreal Lakes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; International Institute for Sustainable Development","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Phenology; Climatology; Physical geography; Cryosphere; Boreal; Snow; Environmental science; Arctic ice pack; Climate change; Sea ice; Geology; Geography; Oceanography; Ecology; Meteorology; Biology","score_opus":0.016186342443925347,"score_gpt":0.2793799028087335,"score_spread":0.2631935603648081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3133112522","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99914217,0.000107266125,0.00020985969,0.000017792268,0.0000018835899,0.000003706104,0.0002234422,0.0000091187585,0.00028463666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99970967,0.000020098034,0.00012234453,0.0000042738247,0.0000014662438,0.000002391174,0.00009555228,0.0000018918593,0.000042463464],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980253,0.00005296437,0.000015411306,0.000051531224,0.00003336352,0.000044272845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991609,0.00019865984,0.0002906017,0.000036469977,0.00019203956,0.000121304634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00060663914,0.0002627376,0.0002152977,0.0005347316,0.0004488805,0.0006963139,0.00029537277,0.00018119786,0.00040396108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014452051,0.00021969412,0.0003090102,0.00046262605,0.0004301216,0.0005016501,0.0003695766,0.00011288088,0.000041209685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052170235,0.000009410755,0.9938315,0.000011432564,0.000047057503,0.000033374847,0.00013517666,0.0008570058,0.0033796,0.000028562594,0.00006271269,0.0015519504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.193481e-7,0.000005356565,0.9991672,0.0000010165337,0.0000052096257,0.000007824678,0.000045256464,0.0006572967,0.000056828892,0.0000068718023,0.00004430205,0.000001940574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.23999259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.43173534,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23999259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010446516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00074848253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47719133},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135844474","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005833","title":"Legacy Effects Following Fire on Surface Energy, Water and Carbon Fluxes in Mature Amazonian Forests","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Environmental science; Amazonian; Deforestation (computer science); Interception; Amazon rainforest; Canopy; Atmospheric sciences; Cloud forest; Forestry; Geography; Ecology; Montane ecology","score_opus":0.010792532071442882,"score_gpt":0.26716561105077563,"score_spread":0.25637307897933276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135844474","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998628,0.000020939238,0.0000209871,0.000003786791,3.3330895e-7,0.0000013178538,0.00004060281,7.391278e-7,0.000048443104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99987113,0.00001278844,0.00003474094,0.000002581394,8.861153e-7,0.0000014531881,0.00005628239,3.8543308e-7,0.000019836007],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993193,0.0000093073795,0.0000069088255,0.000018350096,0.000013542183,0.000019922205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997503,0.000038151615,0.00010752401,0.000022343082,0.000042708143,0.000038996954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019246317,0.00014234686,0.0001917914,0.00026964876,0.0002586855,0.00033342498,0.00017870546,0.00016618308,0.00042083088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045858012,0.00009271437,0.00018413714,0.00036660722,0.00022251945,0.00022570646,0.0002437796,0.00014613864,0.00004007657],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032012392,0.000086587206,0.96840566,0.00002421233,0.00006497419,0.00035586616,0.000513717,0.00057324796,0.02436786,0.00003821651,0.000037229544,0.0052123466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018027389,0.000021948392,0.9990578,0.0000011468582,0.000005216055,0.000044968187,0.00016903605,0.00035654072,0.0002835398,0.000009996642,0.000046658395,0.0000012727086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013816685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.026678491,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013816685,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003147079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012550279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027472496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3137182405","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006089","title":"Iron‐Mediated Organic Matter Preservation in the Mississippi River‐Influenced Shelf Sediments","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Advanced Micro Devices (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Sediment; Total organic carbon; Organic matter; Geology; Continental shelf; Clay minerals; Environmental chemistry; Geochemistry; Mineralogy; Oceanography; Chemistry; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.028025662395349493,"score_gpt":0.29069816660009673,"score_spread":0.26267250420474725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3137182405","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994068,0.00008285988,0.000042095067,0.000009111236,6.4590506e-7,0.0000016312086,0.00016405366,0.0000032133962,0.00028962176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991856,0.00008171189,0.00011149334,0.000013223952,0.0000014112948,0.0000034808904,0.0002042253,0.0000021808464,0.00039653096],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991584,0.0000051325246,0.000007816306,0.000034964796,0.00001753019,0.000018637404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987423,0.000008224061,0.000042525982,0.0000043162495,0.00005236585,0.00001838735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010837522,0.0003053766,0.00016158355,0.00086439814,0.0007472674,0.0006999726,0.00017846723,0.00026375585,0.0005685938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001283509,0.0001955818,0.00015326632,0.0006298198,0.00028515665,0.00023823284,0.00033909,0.00017601221,0.00009830674],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012494715,0.000027080281,0.8110875,0.000080589365,0.000101246005,0.00029134873,0.0007912603,0.0004452697,0.17961168,0.00007524689,0.00012262679,0.0072412314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.708591e-7,0.000012906576,0.99673885,0.0000037607733,0.000008097066,0.000029637673,0.00023902446,0.00017178712,0.0024372821,0.000007827412,0.0003475859,0.0000022144147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06759421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.13266084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06759421,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008791341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004730273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1344015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3137204192","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005938","title":"Radiocarbon Data Reveal Contrasting Sources for Carbon Fractions in Thermokarst Lakes and Rivers of Eastern Canada (Nunavik, Quebec)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies; Environment and Climate Change Canada; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Permafrost; Thermokarst; Peat; Dissolved organic carbon; Radiocarbon dating; Environmental science; Total organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon fibers; Carbon cycle; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Oceanography; Ecology; Ecosystem; Chemistry","score_opus":0.09744563397864323,"score_gpt":0.3228673514332183,"score_spread":0.2254217174545751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3137204192","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99638236,0.0002627349,0.00012327672,0.000050552495,0.0000021684448,0.000009748732,0.0012296323,0.000011972827,0.0019276508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99764,0.00011983214,0.00020689899,0.000036146248,0.0000010964592,0.000008478344,0.0006986978,0.0000060503367,0.0012827425],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998161,0.000011034415,0.0000069692073,0.000053285843,0.000047417056,0.00006525854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992712,0.00005932829,0.000107200205,0.000021222615,0.00043155483,0.00010939066],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021177568,0.00021454482,0.0001807075,0.0011010132,0.0015476495,0.00093044154,0.00051794667,0.00022515235,0.0016145256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00057817524,0.00021854318,0.00017933258,0.0016163852,0.00069625885,0.0002161311,0.00038511798,0.00020432194,0.00013525343],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012408683,0.000015886115,0.9798963,0.000042450647,0.000066882465,0.000118650234,0.0019243312,0.00052339234,0.0069588525,0.00025011977,0.00069714634,0.009381873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002537556,0.000003867913,0.998418,0.0000074620843,0.000007575317,0.000015377696,0.00042618904,0.00025108096,0.00020014522,0.000009541913,0.0006534029,0.000004736716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9906544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9968604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016291302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.016291302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0064433296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11820227},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138618268","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006261","title":"Letter of Appreciation to Our 2020 Reviewers in the Time of COVID‐19","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Psychology; Data science; Computer science; Medicine; Virology","score_opus":0.04634652508861991,"score_gpt":0.4147037169633191,"score_spread":0.3683571918746992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3138618268","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00010797165,0.0032439753,0.00042833196,0.18073128,0.8133436,0.00003281976,0.00016628114,0.00016839227,0.0017772696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00319872,0.004652211,0.0009367292,0.21391498,0.74258304,0.000101287085,0.00023866033,0.00051248336,0.033861924],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9878027,0.0024180782,0.0017452686,0.0016659077,0.0055842097,0.0007838717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.82523656,0.021678654,0.007384335,0.0035763334,0.12751023,0.014613904],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.014406319,0.0017789121,0.0019472778,0.0032480652,0.0033261913,0.011218158,0.0023226961,0.008794492,0.028376628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.11440161,0.0008049234,0.0016309081,0.0015060017,0.0021030987,0.00445121,0.0021795272,0.011987003,0.030653786],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017391902,0.0000021301353,0.000039925282,0.000053758446,0.0000045320617,0.00008527162,0.000021341217,0.0000083778805,0.000044761255,0.00013612496,0.9973839,0.0022024477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000118126245,0.000012248303,0.0002427535,0.00019579296,0.000011015881,0.00035812447,0.00012589802,0.00006445001,0.00013815041,0.0004900504,0.9983224,0.000027185584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003515139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006870002,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028376628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0030369747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0066033397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09492934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138783472","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006026","title":"A 4,300‐year History of Dietary Changes in a Bat Roost Determined From a Tropical Guano Deposit","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Western University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Guano; Insectivore; Frugivore; Foraging; Biology; Ecology; Zoology; Artibeus; Myotis lucifugus; Habitat","score_opus":0.07315390346231435,"score_gpt":0.29500060398705863,"score_spread":0.22184670052474428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3138783472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99969006,0.000022363392,0.000015082512,0.000009806116,6.436748e-7,0.0000011038837,0.00006690511,0.0000011143202,0.00019293172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996308,0.000023374465,0.000042167794,0.000007690143,0.0000017632475,0.0000017048876,0.000111172805,0.0000010883999,0.00018013697],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999392,0.000006580736,0.0000042398124,0.00002285453,0.000010250679,0.000016829807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979204,0.000024055582,0.00006566895,0.00001629215,0.00004018426,0.000061771156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013328815,0.00012354857,0.00013603439,0.0007295447,0.0008758807,0.0003616085,0.00022271855,0.000254169,0.0008967897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027812747,0.0001673986,0.00012760128,0.00047064404,0.00040014254,0.00019157665,0.0003284906,0.00025578027,0.00012689459],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003529718,0.000014178939,0.9922357,0.0000055790924,0.000015518703,0.0006301865,0.0008781519,0.000019645899,0.004746733,0.000016887438,0.000048815582,0.0013532323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[3.0409566e-7,0.0000064637,0.9993259,0.0000012222654,0.0000028771838,0.00019147304,0.00029589396,0.000026129825,0.000058231588,0.000003337184,0.000087026754,0.0000010195644],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.052412905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.15002942,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.052412905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000506826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023404855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10421562},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3152926012","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005872","title":"Predicted Vulnerability of Carbon in Permafrost Peatlands With Future Climate Change and Permafrost Thaw in Western Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Peat; Environmental science; Active layer; Climate change; Primary production; Soil carbon; Global warming; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil water; Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Soil science; Ecology; Ecosystem; Oceanography; Geography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.025050862023894577,"score_gpt":0.2831148907275128,"score_spread":0.2580640287036182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3152926012","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980019,0.000062533036,0.00014279364,0.0000537975,0.000001974604,0.0000039274487,0.0011093614,0.000018574976,0.000605088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988613,0.00004117368,0.00014723209,0.000010416662,6.614093e-7,0.0000024573326,0.00069988513,0.000003940124,0.00023286714],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998604,0.0000075786397,0.0000057859493,0.000033380667,0.000032025822,0.00006068358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962807,0.00003815197,0.000038923783,0.00001605078,0.00017311252,0.00010563996],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025742187,0.0003443018,0.00021501869,0.0006471974,0.0010969365,0.0010984846,0.0007868074,0.000506847,0.0013248546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007409334,0.0002449011,0.0004846111,0.0007949637,0.0003668014,0.0003411563,0.00045807243,0.00027836967,0.00011891138],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012386372,0.000030357065,0.91540504,0.000025511821,0.000107541615,0.00013411215,0.00014403208,0.07665534,0.0017023833,0.00045961415,0.0006448311,0.0045673796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027939053,0.000020148325,0.8493335,0.00002508772,0.000052949676,0.000063921914,0.0005330098,0.14755209,0.00077577773,0.00038088684,0.0011997669,0.000034953104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97830474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98227537,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021695256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0172566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009681278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.125206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3154570348","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006191","title":"Tower‐Based Remote Sensing Reveals Mechanisms Behind a Two‐phased Spring Transition in a Mixed‐Species Boreal Forest","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université TÉLUQ; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Evergreen; Deciduous; Photochemical Reflectance Index; Vegetation (pathology); Boreal; Taiga; Remote sensing; Snow; Atmospheric sciences; Boreal ecosystem; Climate change; Ecology; Geography; Forestry; Meteorology; Geology; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Biology","score_opus":0.03052152924195361,"score_gpt":0.29562257591215474,"score_spread":0.2651010466702011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3154570348","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989268,0.00006137575,0.000541132,0.000015661915,0.0000040165587,0.000008716479,0.00020384342,0.000037275688,0.00020108465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993662,0.0000103349885,0.0004231903,0.000008188102,0.0000027758579,0.0000045545667,0.00014993336,0.0000030262856,0.000031809603],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998266,0.000027197637,0.0000131561565,0.00006766661,0.000029914976,0.00003548404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994211,0.00010888392,0.00021257796,0.00005336124,0.000116142124,0.000087900655],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006623234,0.00031251897,0.00032345284,0.00052521576,0.0003815128,0.0005135963,0.00053983997,0.00036812472,0.00047931593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005449714,0.0002522103,0.0003369072,0.00040003788,0.00027032217,0.0004349787,0.0002524114,0.00023439738,0.00010514224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005603101,0.00029859363,0.8554224,0.00006851168,0.00012955647,0.00025555512,0.0003636926,0.0026324007,0.12942263,0.00026995837,0.00040355622,0.010172854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000075826547,0.000053552936,0.99289286,0.0000024338483,0.000011296053,0.0000544941,0.00007710733,0.0058928183,0.00083761703,0.00006105594,0.00010043331,0.000008747305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011099532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013752341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011099532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044968564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021731679,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022069812},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3155059354","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006403","title":"Linear Disturbances Shift Boreal Peatland Plant Communities Toward Earlier Peak Greenness","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries; Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Imperial Oil Limited; Stanford University; ConocoPhillips; Canadian Natural Resources Limited; Cenovus Energy; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","keywords":"Peat; Vegetation (pathology); Understory; Boreal; Environmental science; Phenology; Taiga; Physical geography; Bog; Plant community; Primary production; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geography; Ecological succession; Forestry; Canopy","score_opus":0.05092442855192443,"score_gpt":0.31827167886231006,"score_spread":0.26734725031038564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3155059354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994276,0.000021285592,0.00014730908,0.0000041005055,4.5360915e-7,0.0000035175951,0.000094387215,0.000009591726,0.00029162917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999358,0.00001746689,0.00029806705,0.0000072997836,3.8211817e-7,0.000002909788,0.000088399574,0.0000015425188,0.0002260475],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99996185,0.000003836408,0.0000016653149,0.000010520117,0.000010244128,0.000011908379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998518,0.000016732447,0.000045123783,0.000008288661,0.000039332936,0.000038636226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000783009,0.00011661882,0.00009540827,0.00041863404,0.00025541228,0.00029499002,0.00014302428,0.000099903256,0.0008130202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019153536,0.000089566434,0.00006948903,0.0002858358,0.00027715572,0.0001370698,0.00018183478,0.00009822446,0.0000719888],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027852552,0.00006875694,0.8086204,0.000055141372,0.000034008342,0.00017920462,0.0011241746,0.0009148299,0.1701043,0.00010128431,0.00023039686,0.01828895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.30096e-7,0.00000954959,0.99902785,0.0000012736367,0.0000013519873,0.000015853591,0.00018877226,0.00019347992,0.00046139225,0.000008951634,0.000090063826,9.4787487e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18527585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.43246168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18527585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009294261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004526219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36839485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3155221721","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005848","title":"Spatial Scaling of Gross Primary Productivity Over Sixteen Mountainous Watersheds Using Vegetation Heterogeneity and Surface Topography","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Environmental science; Spatial heterogeneity; Scaling; Primary production; Image resolution; Leaf area index; Land cover; Remote sensing; Scale (ratio); Vegetation (pathology); Enhanced vegetation index; Elevation (ballistics); Topographic Wetness Index; Soil science; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Digital elevation model; Land use; Geology; Mathematics; Cartography; Vegetation Index; Ecosystem; Geography; Computer science; Geometry","score_opus":0.030292935825017533,"score_gpt":0.3095133707781292,"score_spread":0.27922043495311166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3155221721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99920124,0.000006194717,0.0006633633,0.000005652826,6.292663e-7,0.0000024440733,0.000047983493,0.000024039166,0.000048423335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99933463,0.0000049908954,0.00054455944,9.706621e-7,8.26517e-7,0.0000025722063,0.0000943616,0.0000014806055,0.000015649626],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999049,0.000022752147,0.000006764587,0.00003319152,0.000015009151,0.000017344099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974126,0.000073788164,0.00004646404,0.00005429602,0.000051591054,0.00003261795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039639566,0.0002630271,0.00021925906,0.0004633516,0.0002276818,0.00039977138,0.00029873298,0.00021675247,0.00031243017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007813832,0.00015948174,0.00036571288,0.0005897695,0.00022097497,0.00028511535,0.00031672153,0.00016276698,0.000043784195],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028167875,0.00016223162,0.6243408,0.000047110178,0.0002140653,0.00033001436,0.0002697742,0.3230492,0.019370822,0.00031495464,0.00023985919,0.03137938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000041534266,0.00007234756,0.4260605,0.000004925657,0.000060026938,0.00003515986,0.0001364054,0.57139426,0.0018221833,0.00017186029,0.00018295881,0.000017850738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017053261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010286811,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017053261,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037806964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029724263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03390795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3156040339","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006082","title":"Ground‐Based Multiangle Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Observation and Angular Normalization for Assessing Crop Productivity","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Normalization (sociology); Chlorophyll fluorescence; Canopy; Atmospheric sciences; Eddy covariance; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Optics; Physics; Geology; Fluorescence; Botany; Ecosystem","score_opus":0.061518694460321495,"score_gpt":0.33278303976188733,"score_spread":0.27126434530156585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3156040339","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8814978,0.00039027445,0.11252893,0.00003283785,0.000028000833,0.00008232164,0.0016421878,0.0010576675,0.002740042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9153786,0.00017231128,0.08224221,0.000016645561,0.000010183012,0.00006902565,0.0014836437,0.00012082279,0.00050664187],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99974996,0.000044211156,0.0000130236285,0.00008474633,0.00008027073,0.000027719958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968183,0.00008523635,0.000055918714,0.00005392168,0.00010173649,0.00002138855],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006837731,0.0004963086,0.00027617105,0.0013421023,0.00016581143,0.00042223147,0.0002672111,0.0002531233,0.0007519879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00075064297,0.0001716663,0.0004147876,0.001587528,0.00013304473,0.00059987674,0.00026130516,0.00021249492,0.0003285019],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00080090226,0.0003059318,0.30537513,0.00027195612,0.00032054808,0.000100730256,0.00019488575,0.076472364,0.25015384,0.0006117715,0.001392412,0.36399966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003760844,0.00007737015,0.6105944,0.000017679786,0.00006565493,0.00005651319,0.00010757733,0.34407502,0.042786732,0.0002961712,0.0018206331,0.00006470223],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008472519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014939449,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008472519,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039217895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003450724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016846418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3160863217","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006247","title":"The Changing Face of Winter: Lessons and Questions From the Laurentian Great Lakes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University; York University; The Scarborough Hospital; University of Windsor; University of Toronto; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"University of Michigan; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Limnology; Lake ecosystem; Biota; Climate change; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Ecology; Economic shortage; Oceanography; Physical geography; Geography; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.03484337172223936,"score_gpt":0.30835720516560067,"score_spread":0.27351383344336133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3160863217","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.065142885,0.8308844,0.0006955429,0.089168206,0.002734129,0.000008352598,0.0002974325,0.000033803903,0.011035334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.27063128,0.69209385,0.0011362846,0.025656482,0.005840287,0.00002048238,0.000278446,0.0000424559,0.004300436],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99973184,0.00009529404,0.000020509397,0.000055366498,0.00005460385,0.000042364616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925977,0.0003730593,0.00007592337,0.000028797893,0.00013381623,0.00012868416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016692375,0.0003361502,0.00051691534,0.0006404775,0.0007478722,0.0017825366,0.00061123597,0.0007846084,0.0016025001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001685854,0.00011817585,0.00043304617,0.0008043764,0.0019777385,0.0021322344,0.0014684106,0.0014037284,0.00020935526],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006838489,0.00007574959,0.04248038,0.008624104,0.00056355086,0.0046925615,0.037889536,0.0026653216,0.0059035374,0.045281533,0.13519105,0.7159487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000026508602,0.0001965129,0.08881158,0.005230012,0.00018889397,0.0011164394,0.018556727,0.00055034406,0.0009877809,0.05646569,0.82775956,0.000110027155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029656017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.047316354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.970344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018298738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027094511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.058966815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3160894481","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006238","title":"Explaining the Shortcomings of Log‐Transforming the Dependent Variable in Regression Models and Recommending a Better Alternative: Evidence From Soil CO<sub>2</sub> Emission Studies","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Forest ecology and management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; McMaster University; McMaster University Medical Centre","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Homoscedasticity; Variable (mathematics); Statistics; Mathematics; Regression analysis; Econometrics; Linear regression; Regression; Nonlinear regression; Variables; Heteroscedasticity","score_opus":0.08364763822333028,"score_gpt":0.3666249614515644,"score_spread":0.28297732322823416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3160894481","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46984315,0.022925248,0.42649812,0.06120271,0.00089893996,0.0003636888,0.0012579266,0.0007390002,0.01627126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9329245,0.0036752552,0.05899841,0.0023442712,0.0004269347,0.00011474443,0.00034938767,0.00026010556,0.00090624654],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.91606164,0.07153149,0.0031259852,0.0032140824,0.005604088,0.00046275815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.48896846,0.44018918,0.022053672,0.02303578,0.025106598,0.00064626324],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.13413748,0.0013748372,0.0010224296,0.0014597158,0.0006963438,0.0038187727,0.0032722685,0.0021309096,0.002491771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3046746,0.0007411393,0.0019208449,0.0048383446,0.0047856416,0.0045966883,0.0017243869,0.003296921,0.0010157973],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016133853,0.00056721934,0.41025192,0.003492353,0.002643273,0.0011221269,0.004455456,0.060419533,0.0029273592,0.07250683,0.010880634,0.4291199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004798113,0.001582877,0.23338476,0.0046726186,0.0021290523,0.0015010844,0.0102812275,0.41481173,0.012511919,0.2719707,0.046152666,0.00052166986],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009592331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0109666865,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8658625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012609187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018672585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7093953},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162279647","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006124","title":"Localized Pollution Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Dynamics in Three Anthropogenically Modified Asian River Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea; Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research","keywords":"Tributary; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Seasonality; Pollution; Mekong river; Dry season; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Ecology; Structural basin; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.03685443595244367,"score_gpt":0.29782932098029646,"score_spread":0.2609748850278528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3162279647","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99974936,0.000008354232,0.000048319773,0.0000048880934,4.4431386e-7,0.0000017090736,0.00005661855,0.000004402463,0.00012589378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997464,0.000013879684,0.0000688382,0.000003719218,5.213428e-7,0.0000040366613,0.00008359918,0.0000010774778,0.00007788689],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999052,0.000022722945,0.000008905208,0.000029150751,0.000013065612,0.00002082184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998355,0.000029484412,0.00004375236,0.000016403788,0.000045595985,0.000029218716],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020163684,0.00030718144,0.00022547676,0.0004959494,0.000421001,0.00078779197,0.000279909,0.00023906994,0.00035574273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026847926,0.0001569852,0.00035240853,0.0009121565,0.00051897997,0.00031992106,0.00063137617,0.00018422774,0.000034654968],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019797994,0.00011052163,0.9617538,0.000055485012,0.00019977453,0.00038968836,0.00088138937,0.00609538,0.024387315,0.00025933245,0.000072610266,0.0055967807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008140548,0.000062682,0.99125284,0.0000040674695,0.00005764428,0.00003791214,0.0012597742,0.005209148,0.0017546068,0.00008590955,0.0002558651,0.000011456278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.042242255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0453441,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042242255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010917548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053239544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08399278},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164437051","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006237","title":"Winter Limnology: How do Hydrodynamics and Biogeochemistry Shape Ecosystems Under Ice?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; University of Toronto; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Ecology; Trophic level; Phytoplankton; Limnology; Microbial loop; Trophic cascade; Food web; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Abiotic component; Zooplankton; Plankton; Microbial food web; Climate change; Oceanography; Biology; Nutrient; Geology","score_opus":0.027292021758528448,"score_gpt":0.27962471827666663,"score_spread":0.25233269651813817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3164437051","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5802926,0.38898912,0.00434642,0.009064598,0.00044636705,0.000018703498,0.0014382657,0.00008264587,0.015321268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8491489,0.14706385,0.0010715697,0.00090422493,0.00037455268,0.000012528385,0.00032758698,0.000021693111,0.0010751315],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992025,0.000029010802,0.000007776427,0.00001974171,0.00001085801,0.000012410671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997365,0.0000821971,0.00007820954,0.000012917532,0.000049178507,0.000040989045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063441956,0.00015574813,0.00033780467,0.00048742158,0.00014664396,0.001193235,0.00016644967,0.0001966951,0.000764087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009074619,0.000088232555,0.00019214486,0.0007455066,0.0005966895,0.00073307985,0.00036031532,0.0002789701,0.000098835175],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032174736,0.000049040616,0.5427837,0.002763687,0.00096530153,0.00038191798,0.0017885896,0.00649272,0.009857773,0.01764201,0.008255083,0.40869847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010489012,0.00007882756,0.9300053,0.00081308646,0.00021908784,0.00023645189,0.0014499445,0.0029903594,0.00075883564,0.01378131,0.049596243,0.000060141123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005427144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0058277203,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005427144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035543623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039305777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010791123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164528947","doi":"10.1029/2019jg005542","title":"Assessing Geochemical Bioenergetics and Microbial Metabolisms at Three Terrestrial Sites of Serpentinization: The Tablelands (NL, CAN), The Cedars (CA, USA), and Aqua de Ney (CA, USA)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Microcosm; Methanogenesis; Environmental chemistry; Methane; Anaerobic oxidation of methane; Chemistry; Bioenergetics; Groundwater; Carbon monoxide; Geology; Catalysis; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.044108798233596605,"score_gpt":0.31877552946358956,"score_spread":0.27466673122999297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3164528947","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99925953,0.00004458845,0.00006380918,0.0000053690483,8.3092164e-7,0.000008597629,0.0001838177,0.0000034121827,0.0004300479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985298,0.00007503424,0.0005917559,0.000010551598,0.000001130492,0.000012432656,0.000491024,0.000002060974,0.00028626516],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997876,0.00001863073,0.00001126834,0.00008155966,0.00006383273,0.00003700096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963343,0.000064721644,0.00008719687,0.000016645243,0.00012283768,0.00007507663],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024460148,0.0002998015,0.00026849026,0.0007325721,0.0008627097,0.0008888638,0.00040043602,0.00029484718,0.00061947334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025031777,0.0002366145,0.00021306361,0.0007998046,0.0005352323,0.0002543256,0.00031245284,0.00024973298,0.00008324156],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010583666,0.00022409219,0.74117494,0.0001267653,0.00014981012,0.00042837102,0.00085337047,0.002408311,0.24356648,0.00013928433,0.00030723418,0.009563032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025600466,0.00013452643,0.9833835,0.000006401087,0.0000365637,0.00005151201,0.0005185328,0.0008036527,0.014460769,0.000010350993,0.0005618246,0.000006777402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21419428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.49279854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7858057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018853247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00084308244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4258951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165885996","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005873","title":"Contrasting Growth Response of Jack Pine and Trembling Aspen to Climate Warming in Quebec Mixedwoods Forests of Eastern Canada Since the Early Twentieth Century","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue; Université du Québec à Montréal; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Taiga; Dendrochronology; Dendroclimatology; Boreal; Climate change; Environmental science; Competition (biology); Forestry; Forest dynamics; Stand development; Ecology; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.03349632143678713,"score_gpt":0.29920681120400083,"score_spread":0.2657104897672137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3165885996","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99776566,0.00020212913,0.000045438886,0.00004874137,0.00000310016,0.0000050868302,0.0011009023,0.000005926091,0.00082293875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99895537,0.00006121055,0.000042583037,0.000021084415,0.000001191945,0.0000027542712,0.0004111389,0.0000016293076,0.0005029694],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989927,0.0000074256704,0.0000030988738,0.000029376855,0.000016952363,0.00004391987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946266,0.000040495048,0.000085428896,0.000015553902,0.00026168305,0.00013421649],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019382688,0.00020694135,0.00013471296,0.00057421345,0.0008148739,0.0005960745,0.00036857754,0.00018680196,0.0017438751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039748868,0.00008281417,0.00012250029,0.0006773537,0.00024834537,0.00018435516,0.000219558,0.0001970777,0.00010576237],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011676058,0.00002979302,0.9872547,0.000020928092,0.000058122943,0.00010447125,0.0005635282,0.0003418001,0.00442322,0.000058825688,0.0007118285,0.006316073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.0019864e-7,0.0000027016638,0.9993843,0.000002491124,0.0000034686939,0.000007820766,0.0001713753,0.0001300604,0.00005571159,0.0000021288538,0.00023760792,0.0000015416343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97987616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99477106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02012384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007980924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0030409114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.057905972},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3168819130","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006052","title":"Exploring the Boundaries of Microbial Habitability in Soil","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Polar Research and Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nunavut Arctic College","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Soil water; Habitability; Psychrophile; Environmental science; Ecology; Earth science; Astrobiology; Biology; Soil science; Geology; Bacteria","score_opus":0.10474286441532311,"score_gpt":0.33840298348946174,"score_spread":0.23366011907413864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3168819130","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975382,0.00041368062,0.0007599541,0.000020129086,0.000002064425,0.0000070170804,0.00034465396,0.0000075499124,0.00090668886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99925476,0.0000961708,0.00032300537,0.000014927513,0.0000025287154,0.00000816594,0.00022675066,0.000003434713,0.00007028703],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995844,0.000086502674,0.00002898513,0.00013895333,0.00007726899,0.00008396881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989662,0.00038214677,0.00030330473,0.0000837628,0.00015979637,0.00010480562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043942907,0.0002522947,0.0003212601,0.0011042398,0.00032674806,0.0014153968,0.00028594074,0.00036088974,0.0009023882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009128903,0.00019586865,0.00016697137,0.0008614246,0.00065037,0.000713627,0.0007481121,0.00029544794,0.00019165887],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043528285,0.00010045069,0.47955826,0.000273579,0.00017962808,0.00015536368,0.0011136717,0.0011840551,0.5018755,0.0004999862,0.000098907956,0.014525294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000051041,0.00019947783,0.9740726,0.00003322814,0.000035893427,0.00018953574,0.0011712888,0.0017052857,0.0204211,0.000819721,0.0013263926,0.000020335543],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021023974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023168207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021023974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002606423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017732651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0041802526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3170769654","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006310","title":"Diverse Intracellular Inclusion Types Within Magnetotactic Bacteria: Implications for Biogeochemical Cycling in Aquatic Environments","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Australian Research Council; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Magnetotactic bacteria; Magnetosome; Biogeochemical cycle; Proteobacteria; Biology; Alphaproteobacteria; Greigite; Transmission electron microscopy; Biophysics; Bacteria; Chemistry; Magnetite; 16S ribosomal RNA; Ecology; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Paleontology","score_opus":0.03338633307601882,"score_gpt":0.3249129879864277,"score_spread":0.29152665491040886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3170769654","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99874276,0.00041748173,0.00039794904,0.00005054859,0.0000029950006,0.000006269525,0.000113731294,0.000007723128,0.00026048478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99888307,0.00025001203,0.00056487205,0.000017791504,0.000005033552,0.00000678453,0.00010442657,0.0000017673171,0.00016619786],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992454,0.00000836967,0.0000076278247,0.000026837426,0.000015490254,0.000017107111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998435,0.000018858193,0.00006444437,0.000005693619,0.000035705565,0.000031729094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001188563,0.00036421904,0.00030218845,0.0006086004,0.00047162684,0.00065651827,0.00021141335,0.0004140279,0.0003498836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013787809,0.00019026504,0.00016161188,0.00043552843,0.0004330055,0.00045784915,0.0006586849,0.00015453687,0.00009295888],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107294145,0.000036963454,0.12062746,0.00018513005,0.00002017095,0.00028523416,0.00058166403,0.00024164998,0.8712237,0.00015080851,0.00005516633,0.006484811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012896244,0.00022109972,0.92210734,0.00006370405,0.000056383946,0.0007953273,0.0031919822,0.0021840974,0.06892039,0.0005301671,0.0018812249,0.000035314908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025737137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027398146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025737137,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024808742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023748422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005117476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3174409700","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006134","title":"Climate Change is Contributing to Faster Rates of Lake Ice Loss in Lakes Around the Northern Hemisphere","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phenology; Northern Hemisphere; Climate change; Climatology; Physical geography; Environmental science; Teleconnection; Cryosphere; Southern Hemisphere; Geography; Oceanography; Sea ice; Ecology; Geology; El Niño Southern Oscillation","score_opus":0.045624531296700334,"score_gpt":0.31935747222933664,"score_spread":0.2737329409326363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3174409700","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978828,0.00024016458,0.00009212004,0.00013049158,0.000005382174,0.000001981166,0.00055393134,0.000013832174,0.0010793121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999485,0.00008995728,0.000030625022,0.000012593127,0.000009459877,0.0000017176499,0.0002302702,0.0000027284175,0.00013764073],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999014,0.000016243092,0.000008415513,0.000025306404,0.000017871727,0.000030642925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995378,0.00004426893,0.00026125408,0.00002120274,0.00007526149,0.000060121234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025862435,0.00011083396,0.00016486867,0.0007712789,0.00032170236,0.0008021975,0.00013955687,0.00014966319,0.0019696306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008041185,0.00010152473,0.00023147753,0.0010917999,0.00024223632,0.0004473745,0.00040549433,0.00017477298,0.00013952945],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003587198,0.000006701669,0.9948736,0.000015727228,0.000050942952,0.00004852363,0.0002695057,0.00026326336,0.0008538718,0.00006804242,0.00030079068,0.003213165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.9611914e-7,0.0000027144242,0.99933285,0.000002130247,0.000006724008,0.000012506146,0.0001426169,0.00016030263,0.000044357468,0.000024716259,0.0002691991,0.0000011262844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04632238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.061008923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04632238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051363645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038450753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09210551},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3179172644","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006233","title":"Hidden Stores of Organic Matter in Northern Lake Ice: Selective Retention of Terrestrial Particles, Phytoplankton and Labile Carbon","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Canada Research Chairs; ArcticNet; Parks Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Garfield Weston Foundation; Polar Knowledge Canada; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Dissolved organic carbon; Sea ice; Phytoplankton; Environmental science; Carbon cycle; Environmental chemistry; Organic matter; Arctic; Oceanography; Chlorophyll a; Boreal; Ecosystem; Nutrient; Ecology; Chemistry; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.021636666883241673,"score_gpt":0.26943588391193973,"score_spread":0.24779921702869806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3179172644","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996493,0.000064680156,0.000032231004,0.000003963024,6.525935e-7,0.0000012150915,0.00007886027,0.0000014980313,0.00016771749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996691,0.000022162438,0.00007264047,0.000007225669,0.0000016835236,0.00000229502,0.000121883764,0.0000013965368,0.00010164607],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999387,0.0000051790976,0.0000038198978,0.000018354249,0.0000119665265,0.00002203182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997819,0.00003310004,0.00008135403,0.000006662736,0.00004678698,0.000050104565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013879273,0.00016972976,0.00024897078,0.00047349016,0.00062306697,0.00063620275,0.00013886581,0.00015481251,0.00066594855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023398852,0.00018416735,0.0001175254,0.00040740392,0.00036617028,0.00037458807,0.00037490856,0.0001370532,0.00007772236],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009039624,0.000055111806,0.82520986,0.00005689178,0.000055111756,0.00012571238,0.0010287334,0.00014902372,0.16868086,0.000057555375,0.00006682848,0.0036102901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001945924,0.000041827083,0.9976567,0.0000019695303,0.0000069574057,0.000036108537,0.00022236866,0.00013721781,0.0017898582,0.00001498199,0.00008798513,0.0000019726847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014503164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021259151,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014503164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036480144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028995622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028837442},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3187718415","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006094","title":"Interannual Variability of Summer Net Ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> Exchange in High Arctic Tundra","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Tundra; Environmental science; Ecosystem respiration; Eddy covariance; Primary production; Atmospheric sciences; Permafrost; Ecosystem; Arctic; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Climatology; Climate change; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.06386230033237612,"score_gpt":0.3216572151339917,"score_spread":0.2577949148016156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3187718415","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99953806,0.00004725397,0.000071850176,0.000008856769,0.0000026893204,5.9483574e-7,0.00018260707,0.0000048361208,0.00014327417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99961346,0.000021389924,0.0000508858,0.0000059104236,0.0000029561575,0.0000013885696,0.00021836872,0.0000017631446,0.00008372098],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999013,0.000021836193,0.000008840702,0.000029994027,0.000018303012,0.000019631472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996296,0.000060643484,0.0001254297,0.00003823916,0.00009423448,0.00005180018],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041981714,0.00016198478,0.0001648583,0.00040987253,0.00025594883,0.0004201853,0.0001372419,0.00017372874,0.00039367558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004593895,0.00009851544,0.00017135493,0.0005353749,0.0001488257,0.00020310639,0.00016161837,0.00012771436,0.000092665316],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000089928995,0.000023257378,0.9901951,0.00001046161,0.00010736846,0.000060314924,0.00014133562,0.0007712304,0.0050281286,0.000030844123,0.0001973287,0.0033447456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.1547297e-7,0.0000054170373,0.99905056,0.0000012287977,0.0000060454363,0.000014138892,0.000040308812,0.00064317015,0.00014352285,0.0000055331116,0.000088288645,0.0000012058688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04663861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08084009,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04663861,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041584842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020982306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09273428},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3192121894","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006378","title":"Leaf Trait Covariation and Its Controls: A Quantitative Data Analysis Along a Subtropical Elevation Gradient","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Trait; Specific leaf area; Elevation (ballistics); Subtropics; Biology; Environmental gradient; Multivariate statistics; Ecology; Ecosystem; Agronomy; Botany; Mathematics; Statistics; Photosynthesis","score_opus":0.08705915761014328,"score_gpt":0.37447864148894966,"score_spread":0.2874194838788064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3192121894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991391,0.000017433775,0.0006522714,0.0000046692353,5.550501e-7,0.00000358849,0.00009814185,0.000006038107,0.000078276935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994128,0.0000054168218,0.00038247294,0.0000023933471,0.000001229982,0.0000059794347,0.00015082321,0.0000018539702,0.000037155827],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945265,0.00020338259,0.000037232086,0.00015170168,0.00010850403,0.000046562174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888474,0.00051247806,0.00023220021,0.0001286928,0.00014681782,0.0000951268],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009019983,0.00026086677,0.00033674535,0.0012329434,0.00040364062,0.00036257366,0.00022243925,0.0001637118,0.0006448418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011612301,0.0001005688,0.00036335707,0.0016596066,0.0004891614,0.00020949503,0.00032241284,0.00014331794,0.00005631354],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013390329,0.00003577451,0.96223515,0.000029688383,0.00020203549,0.00012155418,0.0004275464,0.0011289954,0.02653921,0.00009128582,0.000057135174,0.008997854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001337106,0.000024726782,0.9964915,0.0000011063948,0.000014362541,0.000038206865,0.000112144466,0.002849301,0.00037461342,0.000033018052,0.000055638287,0.0000040154077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0053606997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0064284075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0053606997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024375613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019125378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010658979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3193938962","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006187","title":"Linking Dominant Rainfall‐Runoff Event Hydrologic Response Dynamics With Nitrate and Chloride Load Estimates of Three Boreal Shield Catchments","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northwestern University","keywords":"Surface runoff; Environmental science; Boreal; Hydrology (agriculture); Climate change; Streamflow; Nitrate; Drainage basin; Ecology; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.021690273682333044,"score_gpt":0.29505373971075743,"score_spread":0.2733634660284244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3193938962","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993749,0.000011813974,0.000110096895,0.0000070225024,8.1288965e-7,0.0000046475748,0.00033417175,0.00000966981,0.00014688807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99873143,0.000013989156,0.0002653067,0.000005391048,0.0000017720846,0.000008028303,0.00090953644,0.0000021796243,0.000062300656],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998735,0.000017674414,0.000011699088,0.000038367332,0.000027035678,0.000031697626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999571,0.0000777855,0.000103648104,0.000028068662,0.00012053561,0.000098810546],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045427046,0.0002380507,0.00023412958,0.00089960283,0.0003546804,0.000484896,0.000250493,0.00025187098,0.0004794809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005407123,0.00009713605,0.00035957634,0.0008675866,0.00026839713,0.00029976806,0.00036077658,0.00015861957,0.000059515078],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020671527,0.00015615104,0.9820901,0.000020766478,0.00006967927,0.00013546483,0.0004358453,0.0031094784,0.0071859597,0.00006775156,0.0003167919,0.006205292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006278665,0.000024544768,0.99540377,0.000001924718,0.00001101796,0.000022885397,0.00019857,0.0038179653,0.00030126513,0.000022250144,0.0001841992,0.0000053202607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06403432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09790366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06403432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00079081155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005145947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12732321},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194927919","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006275","title":"The Ecology of River Ice","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Ecology; Environmental science; Climate change; River ecosystem; Ecosystem; Physical geography; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.031086806567804656,"score_gpt":0.30500359521732795,"score_spread":0.2739167886495233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3194927919","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.848971,0.02799481,0.015443977,0.0062374976,0.00022388616,0.000046584402,0.0010185256,0.00008596535,0.09997769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99131787,0.005890531,0.00076816196,0.00028640634,0.000081262384,0.000014383113,0.00014281891,0.000012083402,0.0014864308],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997737,0.00007571354,0.000013797972,0.00005142826,0.000036164703,0.00004925008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938905,0.00015016546,0.00019042545,0.0000332717,0.00012550336,0.000111660236],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043496813,0.00014253457,0.00021795987,0.00070847064,0.00054487295,0.0020774798,0.00030817435,0.00028850383,0.0017056226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012838555,0.00013774498,0.00014968032,0.0011407443,0.0015911971,0.001399557,0.0010963754,0.00039841357,0.00019271382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018279183,0.000074743606,0.45587838,0.0011818348,0.00029055547,0.0007589477,0.009296494,0.027305381,0.011960306,0.16163366,0.012194408,0.31924254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002204419,0.00015947652,0.6082878,0.0007739649,0.00008355473,0.0008467246,0.00942169,0.012721439,0.0017352332,0.17873397,0.187141,0.00007315341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0048732455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042554014,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0048732455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000861728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00071370415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009689748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197401384","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006290","title":"A Modified Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM) for the Eastern USA and Canada, Evaluated With Comparison to Atmospheric Observations and Other Biospheric Models","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","keywords":"Biosphere; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Sink (geography); Atmosphere (unit); Eddy covariance; Flux (metallurgy); Vegetation (pathology); Atmospheric model; Biosphere model; Ecosystem; Climatology; Meteorology; Ecology; Geography; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.08967095395515341,"score_gpt":0.31207705830797056,"score_spread":0.22240610435281716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197401384","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873099,0.00016054178,0.0063343267,0.00013358986,0.000026951493,0.000064666776,0.0017064649,0.0007972267,0.0034664178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910732,0.00009670583,0.006075744,0.000026368705,0.000005037516,0.000041972955,0.0014894094,0.00006289582,0.0011286666],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999858,0.000033776643,0.0000066833663,0.000040866584,0.00003079942,0.000029848687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994174,0.00020758313,0.000046764882,0.000028471954,0.00024419927,0.00005551598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058087596,0.0010671293,0.00034870065,0.0002776834,0.00068977,0.0005273892,0.0013668603,0.00051332125,0.0008666897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001161224,0.00028184484,0.00037987783,0.0003543149,0.00026077827,0.0003532668,0.00030684748,0.0004148987,0.00013979034],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018644167,0.00007733664,0.010123163,0.000033018307,0.000045547233,0.00005479415,0.000018776378,0.9799298,0.00137741,0.00027551243,0.00086123555,0.007016913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000037732538,0.000027251124,0.004780181,0.000002360349,0.000016308526,0.000006404882,0.000014938394,0.99442166,0.00041592272,0.000046999314,0.00022143759,0.000008939821],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.83691496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.72443473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16308504,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0036540802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004497453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3280909},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197485399","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005988","title":"Controls on Riverine Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Across an Arctic‐Boreal Latitudinal Gradient","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Permafrost; Arctic; Environmental chemistry; Organic matter; Total organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Chemistry; Oceanography; Geology","score_opus":0.07185786491676045,"score_gpt":0.35155840784545717,"score_spread":0.2797005429286967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197485399","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993981,0.00006863222,0.00008629599,0.000009263175,0.0000024552464,0.000001659925,0.00014708212,0.000004142187,0.00028228443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996407,0.000029974432,0.00008636,0.000007391861,0.0000018843949,0.0000024740796,0.00012160514,0.0000022212473,0.0001073611],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997893,0.00005896236,0.0000145928025,0.000082080485,0.000027350965,0.000027883898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995908,0.00007919971,0.00013262329,0.000028330536,0.00009732704,0.00007173846],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004638497,0.00020133542,0.00018055076,0.0005148106,0.00036537208,0.0005880783,0.00011628836,0.0001403113,0.00045112203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039803164,0.00013363111,0.0001753706,0.0005107866,0.00022705353,0.00018414996,0.00023491845,0.00010970298,0.00006515095],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014298926,0.00003652541,0.9778792,0.000012731045,0.00008388767,0.0000489869,0.0003630193,0.00024501933,0.01878198,0.00006658642,0.000079516925,0.0022595176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.280956e-7,0.000009939503,0.99938977,0.0000015043832,0.00000718684,0.000010350816,0.0001317203,0.00016603355,0.0001721962,0.0000082132265,0.00010052156,0.0000016653593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030156678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.053156905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030156678,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030204328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002678641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.059962273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197670239","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006420","title":"Modeling Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Carbon Loading to Western Arctic Rivers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Polar Programs; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Polar Programs; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Biological and Environmental Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Dissolved organic carbon; Surface runoff; Permafrost; Arctic; Carbon cycle; Surface water; Hydrology (agriculture); Drainage basin; Oceanography; Geology; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geography","score_opus":0.10356711495560396,"score_gpt":0.3363163737631459,"score_spread":0.23274925880754194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197670239","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99536467,0.0000381159,0.0022874146,0.000046461493,0.000005845118,0.000010567661,0.00028621135,0.00005712366,0.0019036555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99726534,0.000051715186,0.0016405346,0.000015042286,0.000003880796,0.000019062712,0.0002414382,0.0000112478465,0.0007518486],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999069,0.000023825361,0.0000053231784,0.000028762592,0.000010409721,0.000024784571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997973,0.000091878836,0.000030998388,0.000010867997,0.00004690345,0.000022031014],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023314895,0.0006912812,0.00035822348,0.0002987592,0.0005342374,0.0008294907,0.0005038381,0.00075336755,0.0006364884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005908365,0.00030851772,0.00058832555,0.00033685323,0.00033555462,0.00034635596,0.00037949815,0.00030849333,0.00008345417],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022095825,0.000032277465,0.007811457,0.0000070648503,0.000018551924,0.000029603736,0.000020276771,0.9901814,0.00074920314,0.00019109335,0.000053219286,0.00088374835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011317729,0.000016847292,0.0022677397,0.0000017003061,0.000009155653,0.0000042452416,0.000022959739,0.99706715,0.00039901928,0.000088745444,0.00010738854,0.0000038029611],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17589234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.094391674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17589234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015779848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017850888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3497371},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197778567","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006289","title":"Nutrient and Carbon Export From a Tidewater Glacier to the Coastal Ocean in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of British Columbia; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Meltwater; Tidewater; Oceanography; Glacier; Fjord; Tidewater glacier cycle; Arctic; Environmental science; Geology; Geomorphology; Ice calving","score_opus":0.044776114458786154,"score_gpt":0.2813775144311961,"score_spread":0.23660139997240992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197778567","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976877,0.00016320097,0.000022797505,0.00006726297,0.0000037972366,0.0000028629688,0.0011936424,0.000006860992,0.0008518111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983413,0.00015756008,0.00009721512,0.000029834322,0.0000028483164,0.0000028527013,0.00085628236,0.0000029385358,0.0005091753],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998883,0.000005086153,0.00000598563,0.000026186328,0.000036554004,0.00003783882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956065,0.000027848426,0.000059352038,0.00001078454,0.00025802627,0.000083427876],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016511865,0.00031520514,0.00021312133,0.0013203311,0.001723412,0.00085747574,0.00035596898,0.00023335045,0.0009880046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005307758,0.00015459816,0.00027434007,0.0014771685,0.00038462377,0.00024236036,0.00042113406,0.00027648534,0.00009000481],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000110673245,0.000019172372,0.98607254,0.00004658338,0.00008915186,0.00012328856,0.0006068226,0.00057747465,0.0044338615,0.00011013217,0.00074839074,0.0070619225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014724792,0.0000037189952,0.99910694,0.000005290186,0.000007693893,0.000011850895,0.00026251707,0.0001592596,0.000101627375,0.00000894741,0.0003280165,0.0000027240399],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97509557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98947084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02490443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.010490581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0063859783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07611483},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199023553","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006348","title":"Loss of Ice Cover, Shifting Phenology, and More Extreme Events in Northern Hemisphere Lakes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Environment; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","keywords":"Phenology; Environmental science; Northern Hemisphere; Climatology; Cryosphere; Physical geography; Arctic ice pack; Climate change; Sea ice; Oceanography; Geography; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.036748767119949115,"score_gpt":0.29592082165933253,"score_spread":0.2591720545393834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3199023553","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99907494,0.00013316634,0.000036194993,0.00002230994,0.0000027275792,0.0000014403987,0.00049986737,0.000002997886,0.00022629426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990214,0.000078408986,0.000054955523,0.00001564708,0.000009621104,0.000004720894,0.0006731555,0.000001963144,0.00014010143],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988043,0.000017141927,0.000014095132,0.000035874542,0.000022540353,0.0000299072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948174,0.000049026865,0.00027434295,0.000033012035,0.00009322147,0.00006867849],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041242485,0.00016610624,0.00020948205,0.0009178332,0.00038700082,0.00070084503,0.00014932906,0.00019967658,0.00096398074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000764438,0.000110969115,0.00025493008,0.0012605926,0.00021881172,0.0005437456,0.00038412065,0.0001571513,0.0000888378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004361601,0.000008905098,0.9964516,0.000013615947,0.000042268446,0.00003878545,0.00024595048,0.00020937141,0.000764177,0.000014995608,0.00014024811,0.0020263833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.7434914e-7,0.0000028774589,0.9996445,0.0000021439898,0.0000057747066,0.000009695914,0.00007117254,0.00010181015,0.000035810506,0.000006228644,0.00011842959,9.3860524e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.060438197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.104483806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060438197,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059350644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003563236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1201728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3200639684","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006374","title":"Episodic Nutrient Addition Affects Water Column Nutrient Processing Rates in River‐to‐Lake Transitional Zones","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Nutrient; Eutrophication; Water column; Dissolved organic carbon; Phytoplankton; Environmental chemistry; Lake ecosystem; Plankton; Phosphorus; Environmental science; Nutrient cycle; Tributary; Ecosystem; Chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.02299886335821153,"score_gpt":0.3023281768601903,"score_spread":0.27932931350197876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3200639684","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99989164,0.000010604997,0.000018819375,0.000002274385,2.5437808e-7,9.306033e-7,0.000020191745,0.0000014405289,0.000053923846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99977344,0.000011082455,0.000045296754,0.0000068555755,4.4568768e-7,0.0000031567376,0.000053359083,0.0000012740878,0.000104973165],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993396,0.00000678777,0.0000052995756,0.000024291183,0.0000066706284,0.000023024128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998097,0.000032264412,0.00006041523,0.00001152027,0.000023604158,0.0000625072],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000094941235,0.00014592949,0.0001795124,0.00020036736,0.000346802,0.00053739524,0.0001910256,0.0001864043,0.0006142047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023619301,0.00020839133,0.00014061721,0.00012277265,0.0002557788,0.00025084312,0.0003828061,0.00015911736,0.00006107981],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010581395,0.00012087916,0.3380816,0.000039348124,0.00006283311,0.00016280162,0.0004422757,0.00027410054,0.6565898,0.00006319059,0.00008169256,0.003023235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005374242,0.00012007874,0.99171376,0.0000017740801,0.000010802068,0.000022879976,0.00021881222,0.0003310466,0.0074392105,0.000015376572,0.000117404554,0.0000034686473],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014039905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024069924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014039905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059782143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021712335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027916372},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201765064","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006532","title":"Biophysical Impacts of Historical Disturbances, Restoration Strategies, and Vegetation Types in a Peatland Ecosystem","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Government of Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Environmental science; Sphagnum; Biogeochemical cycle; Peat; Ecosystem; Bog; Eddy covariance; Hydrology (agriculture); Disturbance (geology); Water table; Ecology; Groundwater; Geology","score_opus":0.026217771364350738,"score_gpt":0.3013543436087036,"score_spread":0.2751365722443529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3201765064","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99987423,0.0000098508,0.000026970312,0.0000026159064,5.0049204e-7,0.0000016478173,0.000014775708,0.0000014479206,0.000067918554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998179,0.000011066588,0.00008944343,0.0000036487606,6.8452937e-7,0.000003381375,0.000031364736,6.223552e-7,0.00004179391],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985063,0.00003574578,0.000011665809,0.000026600084,0.000021842396,0.00005345346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965274,0.000058255464,0.00008351071,0.000021610756,0.000059840742,0.00012397622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000391307,0.00017054903,0.00020903669,0.00048736238,0.00046722047,0.00054965756,0.00023708376,0.00021356884,0.00035081062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040829158,0.000080493184,0.000189341,0.00031172505,0.0004209982,0.0002963931,0.00039623416,0.0001788483,0.000039201695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045002834,0.0005285328,0.9317574,0.000054805587,0.00013800059,0.000755267,0.00083220087,0.0043640085,0.05134535,0.00019005091,0.000115244446,0.009469106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000022867655,0.00008979253,0.99704105,0.000003019734,0.0000120917175,0.000052035422,0.00054842193,0.0017434107,0.000374314,0.000030334197,0.000098747114,0.0000045401407],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014672614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.053221837,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014672614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009784824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005102475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.029174387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3203859728","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006598","title":"Trickle and Treat? The Critical Role of Marine‐Terminating Glaciers as Icy Macronutrient Pumps in Polar Regions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Photic zone; Oceanography; Glacier; Meltwater; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Arctic; Biological pump; Glacial period; Geology; Sea ice; Nutrient cycle; Nutrient; Ecosystem; Carbon cycle; Ecology; Geomorphology; Phytoplankton","score_opus":0.03511335615565202,"score_gpt":0.32362808929502557,"score_spread":0.28851473313937354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3203859728","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34360796,0.06559279,0.0030546233,0.5033009,0.0053948043,0.000036436206,0.00083652436,0.00024016152,0.0779358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.941394,0.023498682,0.0014297671,0.022686537,0.0026054303,0.000012222426,0.00017722415,0.000099040335,0.008097123],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997131,0.00007381889,0.000008857737,0.00005416386,0.000038827842,0.00011117857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998599,0.00039336606,0.00018082684,0.0001427848,0.00028675006,0.00039726423],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016893479,0.00028265858,0.00028809428,0.0005839727,0.0022683914,0.0044841315,0.0005388026,0.001056936,0.0067383135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0038176447,0.00014626606,0.00019789227,0.0006572777,0.0032640935,0.0049250685,0.0016174713,0.0021572064,0.0009486308],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007172111,0.000105247054,0.20985211,0.0006407704,0.00026951105,0.00080307596,0.020016989,0.0011398314,0.0062486683,0.09312063,0.24509537,0.42199057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000078750105,0.00012695418,0.24990602,0.0020216797,0.00025753854,0.0005175644,0.086273424,0.0014809342,0.0033878398,0.10810462,0.54772717,0.000117524454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06206922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.121047355,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06206922,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017040662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023188584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12341583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3206826871","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006507","title":"Tidal Marsh Sediment and Carbon Accretion on a Geomorphologically Dynamic Coastline","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of the Fraser Valley","funders":"Tula Foundation","keywords":"Marsh; Accretion (finance); Salt marsh; Sediment; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Environmental science; Brackish marsh; Oceanography; Sedimentation; Physical geography; Geomorphology; Brackish water; Geography; Ecology; Wetland","score_opus":0.0230749610140426,"score_gpt":0.30380109637305375,"score_spread":0.28072613535901114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3206826871","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996886,0.000010284502,0.000012895916,0.0000045584957,2.0825014e-7,7.490677e-7,0.000108945474,9.371189e-7,0.00017279788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997528,0.0000085132515,0.000020779393,0.000001242025,2.0258102e-7,5.852771e-7,0.00009698328,5.214556e-7,0.00011835694],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992645,0.000009725072,0.000004309187,0.00001591342,0.000018372428,0.000025254021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994355,0.000047291316,0.00018511062,0.000036124966,0.00017719122,0.000118719385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012501153,0.00012220559,0.00012236464,0.0006832233,0.0004921214,0.00067301444,0.00016765499,0.00012473957,0.0010091701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007781898,0.00010488688,0.000084879975,0.0011405998,0.00044721016,0.00020163819,0.000368613,0.00014129894,0.000120453995],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035144185,0.000006501151,0.99772686,0.0000025730567,0.000012959227,0.00004221169,0.00017092343,0.00022025885,0.00050573226,0.000030980576,0.00004597338,0.0011999594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[3.088513e-7,0.000002554103,0.99969316,7.0737093e-7,0.0000010333198,0.000006616985,0.00011936846,0.000115560906,0.000017815326,0.0000036990104,0.00003845473,6.260746e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5814415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8267323,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5814415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018647237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008413558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8420469},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3206967407","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006396","title":"Influence of Permafrost Type and Site History on Losses of Permafrost Carbon After Thaw","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Peat; Chronosequence; Geology; Bog; Radiocarbon dating; Thermokarst; Plateau (mathematics); Wetland; Macrofossil; Physical geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Geomorphology; Soil science; Geochemistry; Holocene; Paleontology; Soil water; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering; Oceanography","score_opus":0.056098033401934845,"score_gpt":0.3027234238659603,"score_spread":0.24662539046402546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3206967407","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99957293,0.00005989117,0.00006178867,0.0000022125766,8.4862006e-7,7.6610445e-7,0.00012498819,0.000003831699,0.00017276866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997093,0.000018354693,0.00006402594,0.0000025016348,8.9807463e-7,0.0000012445366,0.000117430434,0.0000020929206,0.00008405415],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998493,0.00003554656,0.000012670287,0.00004880372,0.000030746967,0.000022873342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928904,0.00023886321,0.00020987674,0.00006812751,0.00010885915,0.00008511928],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004795134,0.00018922404,0.00022012038,0.00062114326,0.0003766384,0.00054591545,0.00022420357,0.00020596183,0.0009518416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000853889,0.00014216469,0.00020841061,0.0003882491,0.0002539677,0.00032982745,0.00022994587,0.00014011342,0.00010309249],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008947498,0.000007748669,0.99177414,0.0000079707415,0.00005292988,0.000060521023,0.00007121,0.00049853284,0.0051790574,0.000015730831,0.000015279711,0.0022274614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[3.12384e-7,0.000011273787,0.9993193,0.0000010873616,0.000006130592,0.000034990724,0.000034669887,0.0002511385,0.00028916367,0.0000068528407,0.000044099866,0.0000011104102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01230468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.033304792,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01230468,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002858494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017581765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024466157},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3207451583","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006316","title":"A Geochemical Comparison of Three Terrestrial Sites of Serpentinization: The Tablelands, the Cedars, and Aqua de Ney","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Abiogenic petroleum origin; Geochemistry; Ultramafic rock; Geology; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry","score_opus":0.05637931092136309,"score_gpt":0.3428132286179926,"score_spread":0.2864339176966295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3207451583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99923193,0.00004078506,0.000040053117,0.000003090869,8.9155424e-7,0.0000032652997,0.00022730776,0.0000028286072,0.00044993762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989796,0.00004360216,0.00016153684,0.0000067606934,0.0000013855216,0.0000032638434,0.0005606643,0.0000022204347,0.00024093055],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989593,0.000007280493,0.000006639809,0.00003566939,0.00002833343,0.000026031948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986553,0.00001701986,0.000035422774,0.0000053814524,0.00004402687,0.000032664524],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000970283,0.00026770527,0.0003032812,0.001519687,0.0006507824,0.00088021834,0.00022109362,0.0002670005,0.00074254605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001583542,0.0001718743,0.00016663736,0.0011237983,0.0003843509,0.0003051327,0.00033829664,0.0001744841,0.00010391781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051277183,0.000076318254,0.89051,0.00006805101,0.0001188353,0.0007576794,0.0013563609,0.00059396395,0.09783874,0.00013797065,0.00016631804,0.007862984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000048553848,0.00003050374,0.996033,0.0000032759945,0.0000143619445,0.00008026937,0.0005718947,0.00019534155,0.0026450222,0.0000070025644,0.0004116788,0.00000279303],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05675637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12755844,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05675637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058352924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027429222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11285204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209512110","doi":"10.1029/2020jg006165","title":"The Lake Ice Continuum Concept: Influence of Winter Conditions on Energy and Ecosystem Dynamics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Northern Studies; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; University of Toronto; Université de Montréal; University of Saskatchewan; Université Laval; Global Institute for Water Security","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Lake ecosystem; Ecosystem; Snow; Ecology; Cryosphere; Climate change; Sea ice; Climatology; Geology; Geomorphology; Biology","score_opus":0.0144411749597926,"score_gpt":0.27612789902204715,"score_spread":0.26168672406225457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3209512110","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97391605,0.001107947,0.0069338353,0.0014793542,0.000028037703,0.000013391707,0.00036273294,0.000035764388,0.016122863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99910635,0.00016295972,0.0004456971,0.000029413219,0.000009503948,0.000006533731,0.000049157352,0.0000037248035,0.00018667078],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987054,0.000062363026,0.000005638403,0.000018100176,0.000019740468,0.000023600034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941075,0.0002240313,0.00016847474,0.000025220086,0.000053050306,0.00011853498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057944877,0.0002031157,0.00015610615,0.0005264071,0.00047973535,0.0017464411,0.0003438493,0.00023902231,0.0017833489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011190834,0.00006218182,0.00019418816,0.0007627902,0.0015295204,0.0013069598,0.0010944615,0.00037180027,0.00008050731],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037592827,0.00016543434,0.5637302,0.00025730027,0.00016620035,0.00072523014,0.0035811719,0.102183945,0.0061030826,0.27718964,0.0053526987,0.04016914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000049174996,0.00023207291,0.50484383,0.00023109099,0.000089602385,0.00041212418,0.011184287,0.2294601,0.0014610374,0.23550649,0.01645491,0.00007530153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009319609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00619821,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009319609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012509306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005246891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018530726},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3217779618","doi":"10.1029/2020jg005909","title":"Cutover Peat Limits Methane Production Causing Low Emission at a Restored Peatland","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; McGill University","funders":"Research and Development","keywords":"Peat; Methanogenesis; Bog; Sphagnum; Environmental science; Sink (geography); Carbon sink; Anoxic waters; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Methane; Chemistry; Climate change; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.04383388804173569,"score_gpt":0.3310626446812281,"score_spread":0.2872287566394924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3217779618","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995921,0.000014606756,0.0001081825,0.000004580773,0.0000017434687,0.0000028606262,0.000021400178,0.000016222852,0.00023836507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996755,0.000009531997,0.00012510238,0.000004374417,4.866228e-7,0.000002448657,0.000024894876,0.000002490512,0.00015513101],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999951,0.000005063907,0.0000028828958,0.000009637158,0.000013042755,0.000018421357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998437,0.000022234968,0.000027786662,0.000013318577,0.000023947114,0.00006897206],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008854813,0.00014616958,0.00017618616,0.00013451965,0.00020621139,0.00028488628,0.00024377194,0.0001437854,0.0011144796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015929223,0.00007391127,0.00011647989,0.000067359186,0.0002202224,0.00008904798,0.00021946298,0.00017802246,0.00010599509],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005693038,0.0001720085,0.019944796,0.00007420073,0.000021787864,0.0005298409,0.00011265198,0.00065959356,0.972398,0.00012919295,0.00009319034,0.0052955197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000052308125,0.0017101726,0.6320424,0.000042072465,0.00009542962,0.0012757534,0.0013517939,0.006636079,0.35260782,0.00038597838,0.003777181,0.00002300547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004512928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010372297,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004512928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002790853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036127528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00897336},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200252639","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006445","title":"Surface Water Dynamics and Rapid Lake Drainage in the Western Canadian Subarctic (1985–2020)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Victoria","funders":"ArcticNet; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; University of Victoria","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Physical geography; Drainage; Hydrology (agriculture); Precipitation; Environmental science; Climate change; Permafrost; Terrain; Circumpolar star; Surface water; Period (music); Geology; Geography; Ecology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.05429307908932717,"score_gpt":0.30504811967481327,"score_spread":0.2507550405854861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200252639","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948309,0.00035935754,0.00008556484,0.00028374733,0.0000060282787,0.000008033686,0.0030755955,0.000011774613,0.0013389342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99812204,0.00015114284,0.00013751387,0.000042829517,0.0000028051784,0.0000039417496,0.0011369016,0.0000026276523,0.00040020386],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997961,0.000011858933,0.000010534053,0.00004016438,0.000064615975,0.000076759134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946207,0.000021734146,0.00011262529,0.0000158929,0.0002744726,0.00011322665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003991136,0.00022123638,0.00016253187,0.0008678851,0.0011524885,0.0010431404,0.0005462364,0.0002375603,0.0011802078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008258365,0.00013705334,0.00024949928,0.0018756854,0.0005485454,0.00033804242,0.00047420518,0.00031170307,0.00009919641],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042770265,0.000019925144,0.99188703,0.000026236781,0.00005850531,0.000067448585,0.00032541426,0.0006952364,0.00053941197,0.0001500093,0.0012113007,0.0049768346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000015985786,0.0000025138738,0.9985656,0.0000059711256,0.0000072622547,0.000008521912,0.0002584461,0.00045987,0.00004372451,0.000010691868,0.0006334433,0.0000024133901],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99338585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99749434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016610382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.016610382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0116825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12051731},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200338378","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006699","title":"Riparian Cottonwood Trees and Adjacent River Sediments Have Different Microbial Communities and Produce Methane With Contrasting Carbon Isotope Compositions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Riparian zone; Environmental science; Organic matter; Methanogenesis; Methane; Methanogen; Sediment; Ecology; Microbial population biology; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Chemistry; Habitat","score_opus":0.029954598988652947,"score_gpt":0.282870716757306,"score_spread":0.2529161177686531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200338378","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99955183,0.00005599613,0.00006555732,0.0000033057458,5.20974e-7,0.000003034883,0.00009872453,0.000004067669,0.00021702595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998738,0.00006246318,0.00030343156,0.000017423055,8.759513e-7,0.0000045268116,0.00044936602,0.0000030360638,0.00042089698],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987066,0.000008991825,0.000007537531,0.000035993173,0.00003031883,0.000046552694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998348,0.000017663064,0.00003448219,0.0000066051916,0.000055334192,0.000051180148],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000087254026,0.0002956435,0.00019471638,0.0007344224,0.0005487684,0.0007636325,0.00020135213,0.00020105745,0.000594131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001382641,0.00021459431,0.0001483225,0.00072863174,0.00030243432,0.00016107298,0.00027091714,0.00015279821,0.000103765524],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039408132,0.00008568445,0.54870486,0.00008009154,0.00013943469,0.00028778808,0.0009682527,0.0003244784,0.4405342,0.00012845376,0.0000862327,0.008266403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003069296,0.000029103985,0.9952259,0.0000026125178,0.000016867949,0.00004984875,0.00048062744,0.00019971948,0.0037963479,0.000018413057,0.0001736741,0.000003829667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17354886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.35829607,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17354886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009846804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00073840254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3450774},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205438851","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006481","title":"Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Biological N<sub>2</sub> Fixation in a Cool Temperate Bog","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ombrotrophic; Sphagnum; Bog; Peat; Temperate climate; Nitrogen fixation; Environmental science; Ecology; Agronomy; Botany; Biology; Nitrogen; Chemistry","score_opus":0.02834128934202565,"score_gpt":0.2948179444260861,"score_spread":0.2664766550840605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205438851","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997682,0.000014981531,0.000032507403,0.0000031662908,6.084225e-7,9.0346055e-7,0.00008502393,0.0000041197877,0.000090631795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997377,0.000008864581,0.000059034992,0.0000028023385,0.0000013469112,0.0000026629757,0.00010979246,0.0000011314226,0.00007665305],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992824,0.00001135719,0.000004963927,0.00002673881,0.000007840217,0.000020817239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968565,0.00005393073,0.000106772764,0.000016425809,0.000054041117,0.00008325176],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016535734,0.00012320011,0.00018466443,0.000604884,0.00023150908,0.0003273383,0.00017659976,0.00018042221,0.0005129561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023026708,0.000097467666,0.000120095356,0.0003027961,0.00020210321,0.00013784957,0.00025109723,0.00010357383,0.000091708964],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023584712,0.000044094355,0.9622721,0.000027861855,0.000050563587,0.00014898529,0.00060030376,0.00039438307,0.032613754,0.000030539537,0.00012885073,0.0034527853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.4157643e-7,0.0000069194903,0.99959666,9.263792e-7,0.0000023183402,0.000012245577,0.000064131156,0.00017699075,0.00008949351,0.000002809079,0.00004587209,9.703057e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027484512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04460092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027484512,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032246602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012516946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.054649055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206625620","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006707","title":"Advancing Cross‐Disciplinary Understanding of Land‐Atmosphere Interactions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Discipline; Breakout; Instrumentation (computer programming); Political science; Computer science; Business","score_opus":0.05675936837922226,"score_gpt":0.37061090822863707,"score_spread":0.31385153984941483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206625620","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24685201,0.086436175,0.21242672,0.2333396,0.0037889567,0.00022701404,0.000439421,0.0004002892,0.21608986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91659904,0.019147705,0.043799,0.012659696,0.0006922636,0.00023044542,0.00021352392,0.0001550832,0.0065031904],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99301624,0.004492377,0.0002520676,0.0008074299,0.00075758155,0.0006742705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9792549,0.013932273,0.0010005682,0.0020862464,0.0018173102,0.001908672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.023931535,0.00063354796,0.00082029117,0.0030866927,0.0032705115,0.013521363,0.0021699115,0.0033910177,0.0068278858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010987492,0.00048063227,0.0008146794,0.0021831568,0.0088273315,0.0151759805,0.018486362,0.0065457923,0.000682157],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008339198,0.00027343503,0.026975598,0.0022813953,0.00031590444,0.00144689,0.23819791,0.0068349666,0.0055429162,0.4715617,0.02430344,0.2221825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012518285,0.00004835796,0.014708602,0.0021012481,0.000065247674,0.00027929447,0.11346322,0.0046766647,0.0012094184,0.59596187,0.2674248,0.000048692265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003758021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005120235,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023931535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0042708553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006175122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12656355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206777599","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006791","title":"Statement of Contribution to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for <i>JGR: Biogeosciences</i>","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Statement (logic); Equity (law); Inclusion (mineral); Diversity (politics); Political science; Public relations; Sociology; Psychology; Law; Social science","score_opus":0.4116613020562661,"score_gpt":0.5845677625192404,"score_spread":0.17290646046297425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206777599","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0036565687,0.0027717,0.013018149,0.46426678,0.16262557,0.002578668,0.020912958,0.0024669378,0.32770264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.062971145,0.0050628567,0.050346866,0.33498305,0.05317239,0.006657892,0.026743898,0.00591779,0.45414403],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.943127,0.010395312,0.006631974,0.0026078988,0.028836157,0.008401698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8001499,0.04871747,0.013236423,0.020996278,0.086410455,0.03048936],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.06700475,0.0011625028,0.0027145983,0.0033674815,0.004913848,0.02056994,0.006236387,0.019798025,0.060105663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2464993,0.001116521,0.0017030337,0.0031615263,0.0048289727,0.0056502237,0.014027843,0.023054017,0.056673735],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011802942,0.000059695638,0.0007664227,0.00023108089,0.000029205054,0.00030543606,0.00035881676,0.00013133735,0.0006450776,0.033483323,0.9436855,0.020186087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005037424,0.000033512537,0.0015418582,0.0007012933,0.000025436511,0.00021807992,0.00028691415,0.00039659988,0.0005240378,0.013331886,0.98280966,0.00008028735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058466503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040611927,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06700475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0041197995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03738023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3543592},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210571839","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006644","title":"China's Terrestrial Carbon Sink Over 2010–2015 Constrained by Satellite Observations of Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and Land Surface Variables","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Carbon sink; Environmental science; Sink (geography); Carbon cycle; Atmospheric sciences; Data assimilation; Photosynthetically active radiation; Climatology; Carbon flux; Primary production; Climate change; Meteorology; Photosynthesis; Geography; Geology; Ecosystem; Ecology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.018839610892515204,"score_gpt":0.26531706357984924,"score_spread":0.24647745268733404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210571839","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978586,0.00005801636,0.00033403625,0.000031889456,0.0000033528063,0.0000026982468,0.0012489514,0.00002398611,0.0004384884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99811614,0.000031516178,0.00013029872,0.000006659556,0.0000030781773,0.000002736798,0.0015928186,0.0000029339335,0.00011369636],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990976,0.000008714909,0.0000107091,0.000033797467,0.000016990916,0.00001989615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970883,0.00003987389,0.00008869843,0.000035367233,0.000082006045,0.000045219378],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004809086,0.00047632106,0.0002500928,0.0009499798,0.0002539505,0.0004595549,0.0002193705,0.0001778784,0.00046261743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000504013,0.00019076097,0.0004679432,0.000886883,0.0002094413,0.00040654308,0.0003786704,0.00012906236,0.00007499326],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011364372,0.000022974655,0.9616907,0.000052094434,0.0002793254,0.00012892205,0.000100343146,0.024786426,0.005763593,0.00027476237,0.0007816017,0.006005587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000052946602,0.000008873697,0.9783917,0.000005652694,0.000048376005,0.000016122758,0.00005065934,0.020137595,0.00077290484,0.000082035695,0.000469591,0.000011322917],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08337052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09534399,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08337052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000829241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00080876995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16577047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210824796","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006588","title":"Diurnal and Seasonal Dynamics of Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Vegetation Indices, and Gross Primary Productivity in the Boreal Forest","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Primary production; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Photochemical Reflectance Index; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Canopy; Boreal; Enhanced vegetation index; Temporal scales; Boreal ecosystem; Seasonality; Leaf area index; Climatology; Ecosystem; Chlorophyll; Ecology; Chemistry; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Geology; Vegetation Index","score_opus":0.018078941356258146,"score_gpt":0.2716790436983658,"score_spread":0.25360010234210767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210824796","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99946326,0.000032857017,0.0000449148,0.000012782212,0.0000017147877,0.0000024807348,0.00026267284,0.0000052874716,0.00017410576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99944574,0.000017546326,0.000098144264,0.000011735688,0.0000017688759,0.0000031660666,0.0003107238,0.000001676691,0.00010947166],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992394,0.00001099385,0.0000053436347,0.000023964642,0.000016709924,0.000019017201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995284,0.000081584796,0.000112749585,0.000029949466,0.00011981443,0.00012749266],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034452244,0.00017346987,0.00016737066,0.00040897445,0.00028409564,0.00035130547,0.00024173655,0.00017637762,0.00041048916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042069893,0.00012237176,0.0001441724,0.00036047562,0.0002624712,0.00025302655,0.00018103725,0.00017781429,0.00009072675],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010716762,0.00005428158,0.9879188,0.00000837926,0.00004307118,0.00007293492,0.00016721546,0.0003246723,0.008891399,0.000019486877,0.00018498406,0.0022076748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001166896,0.000006529997,0.99967396,4.2691482e-7,0.0000021383864,0.0000122688625,0.000038129532,0.0001715128,0.000057884714,0.0000027735844,0.00003190755,0.0000012752666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1831241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.43693835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1831241,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008344404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041795694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36411637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220878607","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006726","title":"Vegetal Undercurrents—Obscured Riverine Dynamics of Plant Debris","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Aurora Research Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Debris; Detritus; Sediment; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Fluvial; Environmental science; Sediment transport; Oceanography; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.04555267612556307,"score_gpt":0.31190734172497175,"score_spread":0.2663546655994087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220878607","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99877495,0.00011690118,0.00012372994,0.0000067714695,0.0000016653669,0.0000016630338,0.000181723,0.000010309358,0.00078230724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99954504,0.00004843062,0.00009049386,0.000004554582,0.0000026533676,0.0000013655671,0.00015059451,0.0000039119877,0.00015299504],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994123,0.0000038133376,0.0000042673687,0.000028757737,0.000008300604,0.000013519855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999808,0.000028493867,0.00008709275,0.000015572248,0.000033311087,0.00002756237],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007002953,0.00014710023,0.00019971543,0.0009311629,0.00040897247,0.0006206456,0.00016265511,0.00014672997,0.001348594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001975256,0.00014152048,0.00011294655,0.00076689693,0.00034967723,0.0003636594,0.00042122082,0.00010435593,0.00020807823],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021347875,0.000026795073,0.88155293,0.00010871333,0.00007649398,0.00036880124,0.00083850557,0.00044020044,0.10252765,0.00015416648,0.00018946946,0.01350286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.237974e-7,0.0000079144265,0.9989278,0.000002520159,0.0000054529423,0.00003786641,0.00011941911,0.00014902357,0.00042740535,0.000018108787,0.00030194272,0.0000016472908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0066837147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012618317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0066837147,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024958779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016947748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01328963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220913901","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006578","title":"Trapped Under Ice: Spatial and Seasonal Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in Tundra Lakes","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Division of Chemistry; Division of Materials Research; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Tundra; Arctic; Environmental science; Sea ice; Arctic ice pack; Biogeochemical cycle; Carbon cycle; Atmosphere (unit); Total organic carbon; Oceanography; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Chemistry; Ecology; Ecosystem; Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.018642777794232752,"score_gpt":0.2652726994748817,"score_spread":0.24662992168064893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220913901","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996718,0.00006195522,0.000025906902,0.000006133251,0.0000010509921,9.3765124e-7,0.00013641495,0.000002049607,0.000093788374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995819,0.00003956724,0.000059189093,0.000008414083,0.0000019076538,0.0000029185614,0.00019712883,0.0000012594858,0.000107726664],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998983,0.000014363524,0.000007686291,0.00004044013,0.000015032718,0.000024264178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973434,0.000033553133,0.00011096557,0.000012563289,0.000068749985,0.000039829265],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018872869,0.00015405606,0.00022400699,0.00060043106,0.00052428694,0.0005864643,0.00022035788,0.00023813266,0.0003443172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003367014,0.00016134875,0.00016241893,0.00075174175,0.00027045468,0.00028139373,0.0002826912,0.00014895873,0.000073306066],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016370711,0.00002099842,0.98499274,0.000013289425,0.00006366271,0.00005953897,0.00042911904,0.00014431005,0.011723461,0.000015970061,0.000051752184,0.0023214146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010164534,0.000014747642,0.99895966,0.000001953133,0.0000099667595,0.000019432331,0.0002768863,0.00024048385,0.00037682112,0.000005730928,0.00009162449,0.0000016904182],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.054877546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.084805176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.054877546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066412316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029995505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.109116256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221031767","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006697","title":"Remote Sensing of Tundra Ecosystems Using High Spectral Resolution Reflectance: Opportunities and Challenges","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; Earth Sciences Division; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Tundra; Biome; Remote sensing; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Arctic; Temporal scales; Geography; Ecology; Ecosystem; Physical geography","score_opus":0.28641656930984466,"score_gpt":0.3517272968829445,"score_spread":0.06531072757309986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4221031767","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15501174,0.6878501,0.10698539,0.026860459,0.0008541842,0.0000740203,0.0020521812,0.00060273916,0.019709121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6168402,0.27099285,0.10344802,0.0033352482,0.001854085,0.00008323796,0.0014194711,0.00011077537,0.0019161443],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99947065,0.00019992945,0.000029636114,0.00011372456,0.00015282429,0.000033184133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99824643,0.0008665849,0.0001583703,0.00011841428,0.00054621504,0.000063962245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027315111,0.0003379762,0.00034400684,0.00075898133,0.00018743196,0.0016397575,0.00059032545,0.00071301014,0.0004460757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017690758,0.00017504784,0.00032366105,0.0017450684,0.000549924,0.0014868038,0.00064792787,0.00091256376,0.0002029682],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000094413626,0.00009681255,0.03887351,0.0048987735,0.0006140013,0.0003762726,0.00053645286,0.029763209,0.05043021,0.021752361,0.022534015,0.83002996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059651633,0.00024516624,0.13678245,0.0042642485,0.0005050903,0.001178917,0.0028524569,0.2164421,0.024856264,0.11658214,0.49584708,0.00038441317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008704189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013000284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008704189,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046386538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079778326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017307043},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221080158","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006826","title":"Effects of Clearcutting and Residual Biomass Harvesting on Hillslope Mercury Mobilization and Downgradient Mercury Accumulation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Forest Service","keywords":"Peat; Environmental science; Methylmercury; Surface runoff; Mercury (programming language); Hydrology (agriculture); Dissolved organic carbon; Biomass (ecology); Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Bioaccumulation; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.05186567332337978,"score_gpt":0.35070611016649544,"score_spread":0.2988404368431157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4221080158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99972266,0.000021592594,0.00004119233,0.0000023796554,0.000001216658,0.000005529008,0.000042802905,0.0000028307197,0.00015984755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99848384,0.000051867086,0.00031962234,0.000030287001,0.0000022147171,0.000014913252,0.00023606006,0.0000048091897,0.00085643114],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998765,0.000013868563,0.000008439558,0.000039312792,0.00002652336,0.000035287278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971396,0.000036417925,0.000081636055,0.0000197541,0.0000494289,0.00009881194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015128352,0.0002641691,0.00021428558,0.0001764143,0.00021919866,0.00038839423,0.00019595215,0.00011179713,0.0010218234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017720668,0.00010604624,0.00021023459,0.00014917151,0.00025655865,0.0001669755,0.00023289504,0.00023632658,0.000088955385],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004164635,0.0012153935,0.29473066,0.0001419349,0.000218847,0.0002324164,0.00041269403,0.0007186434,0.6808268,0.00007394844,0.00022382793,0.017040279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000080452555,0.00076034834,0.98918587,0.0000031759469,0.00002482816,0.000014947394,0.00014535608,0.0003105458,0.009300014,0.000009156043,0.00023398544,0.0000036482033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02212319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08227387,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02212319,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006068451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055241655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.043988824},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221095696","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006606","title":"Increasing Functional Diversity in a Global Land Surface Model Illustrates Uncertainties Related to Parameter Simplification","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Evergreen; Primary production; Plant functional type; Trait; Carbon cycle; Carbon fibers; Ecology; Environmental science; Deciduous; Land cover; Atmospheric sciences; Mathematics; Biology; Land use; Ecosystem; Computer science; Algorithm","score_opus":0.048855573984459444,"score_gpt":0.30071295261831615,"score_spread":0.2518573786338567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4221095696","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98330945,0.00006875999,0.010867263,0.00047744167,0.000019339199,0.0000114665245,0.0005727729,0.00013062224,0.004542853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99853206,0.000020341191,0.0010593059,0.000035558856,0.0000033588149,0.00000836961,0.00012893921,0.000016984844,0.00019504156],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99976903,0.00009731051,0.000012423133,0.00006309433,0.000022300372,0.000035942696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929273,0.00035906135,0.00007067634,0.00015589516,0.00007146105,0.000050134713],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007337714,0.00049333007,0.00044638707,0.000335373,0.0005650745,0.00092546025,0.00070367265,0.0007344766,0.0015602858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023811213,0.00024701047,0.00065914774,0.0005719278,0.0007319381,0.0012160444,0.0007660183,0.00071181863,0.0001334335],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003184535,0.00001914324,0.011173456,0.000009717647,0.000027571656,0.000043864093,0.000030074098,0.98435736,0.00075514213,0.0020439944,0.00020184719,0.0013060054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025535197,0.000026212096,0.0054515055,0.0000058888836,0.000013159972,0.000018403016,0.000044666245,0.9913914,0.00032338753,0.0021717849,0.00051698723,0.000011061904],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02329137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012545782,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02329137,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00089325925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040211246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.046311617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224276062","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006709","title":"Seasonal Variations in Leaf Maximum Photosynthetic Capacity and Its Dependence on Climate Factors Across Global FLUXNET Sites","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"FluxNet; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Eddy covariance; Evergreen; Photosynthesis; Biome; Photosynthetic capacity; Biometeorology; Photosynthetically active radiation; Ecosystem; Leaf area index; Specific leaf area; Soil water; Shortwave radiation; Canopy; Botany; Soil science; Ecology; Biology; Physics; Radiation","score_opus":0.03985056040548469,"score_gpt":0.3114181155015337,"score_spread":0.271567555096049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224276062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979255,0.000023464512,0.00025178105,0.0000110455785,0.0000026146752,0.0000026263633,0.001520262,0.00003822319,0.00022449551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99615735,0.000011538418,0.00050762657,0.000007180934,0.0000025529603,0.000007002203,0.0032269568,0.000011184251,0.00006869464],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981314,0.000039582552,0.000014227312,0.00007763802,0.000025848962,0.000029598415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994091,0.00015110741,0.00013321379,0.00009217212,0.00015463596,0.000059858914],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008473534,0.00036852568,0.0002606152,0.00067800825,0.00018754654,0.00037469488,0.00033513567,0.00030206863,0.0006618961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000978758,0.00015844709,0.00040709725,0.0009544229,0.00018602825,0.00038205527,0.00021558837,0.00015744376,0.00012579921],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020842167,0.000058590846,0.9655799,0.000045518285,0.00013693547,0.00010625308,0.00014417505,0.018611204,0.007830981,0.00013946446,0.0007309709,0.0064075175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000081980415,0.000017903112,0.9874672,0.0000035289647,0.000017178927,0.000031230134,0.00004087817,0.0113330325,0.00070290355,0.000032457545,0.00033814993,0.000007241877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018133035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023346482,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018133035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038254217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015495282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03605497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224300320","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006719","title":"Using Stable Water Isotope Composition (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H) to Track the Interannual Responses of Arctic and Tropical Andean Water Bodies to Rising Air Temperatures","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation","keywords":"Arctic; Bay; Precipitation; Environmental science; Oceanography; Physical geography; Snowmelt; Stable isotope ratio; Ecology; Snow; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.07739700255913212,"score_gpt":0.33411462926920726,"score_spread":0.25671762671007514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224300320","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961785,0.00025056605,0.000672949,0.00004090593,0.000007954199,0.0000071009586,0.0014008998,0.000021829066,0.0014192901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996687,0.00018673073,0.0013353822,0.00003429782,0.0000072143034,0.000010651073,0.001375982,0.000010611299,0.0003522116],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999101,0.0000101367195,0.0000064614314,0.000033136253,0.00002241072,0.000017706881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982566,0.000017175023,0.000060170783,0.000016190546,0.000058229823,0.000022491364],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002824929,0.00025069487,0.00015432776,0.00086758035,0.0004551204,0.00065354834,0.00021190211,0.00016262798,0.00063223933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003497267,0.00010954598,0.00017394291,0.0011391084,0.00020057436,0.00026443115,0.00031109178,0.00017262208,0.000136109],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006246135,0.000020981835,0.9771417,0.000017159467,0.00010603251,0.000030466734,0.00012787376,0.00052255404,0.011083002,0.000038847247,0.00027879237,0.010570192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000037130978,0.000011783917,0.99507695,0.000006089976,0.000029495652,0.000027315671,0.00021152217,0.0015122223,0.0019483207,0.00004376144,0.0011238429,0.0000049859095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.112916216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.31890252,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.112916216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00052298076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005445412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22451794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280503011","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006660","title":"Resiliency of Silica Export Signatures When Low Order Streams Are Subject to Storm Events","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Tula Foundation; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Hakai Institute; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris; Office of Science; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conseil Régional, Île-de-France; European Commission; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Storm; Bedrock; Lithology; Environmental science; STREAMS; Surface runoff; Volcano; Precipitation; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Earth science; Geochemistry; Geomorphology; Ecology; Oceanography; Chemistry; Meteorology; Environmental chemistry","score_opus":0.023703773941377765,"score_gpt":0.2905799546579559,"score_spread":0.26687618071657815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4280503011","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994809,0.00000745945,0.00018289342,0.0000064556834,6.5442543e-7,0.0000020347038,0.00017285362,0.000013717726,0.00013303076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99951386,0.000006537437,0.00007943998,0.000002399472,8.7663426e-7,0.0000021390003,0.0003466399,0.000004135578,0.00004398248],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998671,0.000020225341,0.000007740049,0.000057891975,0.000019724459,0.000027353171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997265,0.000105243285,0.0000620814,0.00003722503,0.000038057315,0.000030930703],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042949684,0.00017664894,0.00026711888,0.00045361856,0.00021769488,0.0006081142,0.00023038522,0.00020478985,0.000762449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008463399,0.00015021206,0.00021578146,0.0003781356,0.00028774483,0.00031965095,0.0004471707,0.00014452338,0.000104412466],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017087223,0.00003324608,0.96923,0.000013410002,0.000068153524,0.000068583846,0.0001369483,0.006439746,0.019403147,0.00010666369,0.00014727296,0.0041820044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009390267,0.000044712026,0.974961,0.000002058146,0.000017910746,0.00003939934,0.0001261225,0.022333423,0.0020482307,0.00017873898,0.00023278233,0.0000062178738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007912758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011606937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007912758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036402326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020755433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01573342},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280619110","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006892","title":"Concentrations and Yields of Total Hg and MeHg in Large Boreal Rivers Linked to Water and Wetland Coverage in the Watersheds","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal; Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Niskamoon Corporation","keywords":"Wetland; Transect; Environmental science; Methylmercury; Watershed; Boreal; Hydrology (agriculture); Bay; Mercury (programming language); Surface water; Physical geography; Ecology; Oceanography; Geography; Geology; Bioaccumulation","score_opus":0.030982438373907257,"score_gpt":0.31865887703404683,"score_spread":0.2876764386601396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4280619110","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99951077,0.000010730215,0.00007651099,0.000006788509,2.5525352e-7,0.000002558898,0.00026642942,0.0000042726606,0.00012182983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995073,0.000009941734,0.00010115272,0.0000039869633,4.5236263e-7,0.0000031535267,0.00025050226,0.0000011777083,0.00012235685],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998729,0.00002259873,0.000007734766,0.00004678851,0.000020145877,0.000029747513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993845,0.00014316912,0.00018136353,0.000040512547,0.00015234388,0.00009802919],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025801355,0.00016063204,0.0001453529,0.000514127,0.0003643234,0.0005912638,0.00024624763,0.00019845026,0.0008350055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00078351307,0.00011126261,0.00021541618,0.0008466178,0.00034734712,0.00024680447,0.00027607734,0.00016080857,0.000054448694],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018204419,0.000011840746,0.997413,0.0000025906766,0.000023712239,0.000022233882,0.00010229936,0.000594636,0.00056693266,0.000021864578,0.000055271797,0.0011675035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.02331e-7,0.0000045213337,0.9988707,8.2763864e-7,0.000003416731,0.000009082801,0.00011903311,0.0009084391,0.000030868523,0.0000073746864,0.000043174623,0.0000016064788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6597803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7859628,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6597803,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022268528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007558063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6844466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281569109","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006824","title":"Turbidity Currents Can Dictate Organic Carbon Fluxes Across River‐Fed Fjords: An Example From Bute Inlet (BC, Canada)","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Tula Foundation; Simon Fraser University; University of Victoria; University of Calgary","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Fjord; Inlet; Turbidity current; Oceanography; Sediment; Geology; Turbidity; Sill; Benthic zone; Total organic carbon; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Sedimentary depositional environment; Geomorphology; Structural basin; Geochemistry; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry","score_opus":0.06514807815743633,"score_gpt":0.3140284274830878,"score_spread":0.24888034932565145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281569109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99668676,0.000101807505,0.000109736466,0.00006558635,0.000003547069,0.000012422769,0.00079787563,0.000008273714,0.0022140343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99760455,0.000112715046,0.00025419728,0.000043726694,0.0000011632528,0.0000050429553,0.0005006914,0.00000850918,0.0014694065],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982435,0.000008285667,0.0000073346064,0.000037794245,0.00004824783,0.00007399006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994481,0.000028153807,0.000043262127,0.0000136351855,0.00035874886,0.00010814259],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014445877,0.00025879627,0.0002915279,0.00085466716,0.0026227203,0.0012876132,0.00045330325,0.000280153,0.0010812408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004595492,0.00019865944,0.00021924087,0.0016075416,0.0006511996,0.00020427909,0.0004748887,0.0002671897,0.00015074093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019429582,0.000036330875,0.96424973,0.000051842737,0.00007439427,0.00064441754,0.0034647316,0.0007142545,0.01871155,0.00026851334,0.0010148592,0.010575091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000025234194,0.0000055656637,0.99648607,0.000009298386,0.000014935311,0.000036450267,0.0018758053,0.00033790714,0.00042910982,0.000016868044,0.0007785997,0.000006973068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98802745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99526477,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011972547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.011443131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007184031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08302605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281697227","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007021","title":"Past to Present: An Update to the Aims and Scope of <i>JGR</i>: <i>Biogeosciences</i>","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Earth science; Data science; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.02945719629262361,"score_gpt":0.31450238476513226,"score_spread":0.28504518847250865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281697227","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.002094275,0.2585359,0.012372534,0.15617205,0.42800003,0.0002356848,0.033535797,0.0040177954,0.10503598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013527987,0.40557396,0.05921821,0.10884859,0.22753939,0.0008794171,0.04138866,0.010108803,0.13291503],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945695,0.00073831883,0.0014281584,0.0004755806,0.0024590918,0.00032926045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.93633515,0.015558173,0.0058762897,0.0062022503,0.03159154,0.004436477],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.018838575,0.001315176,0.001658504,0.014140776,0.0015490672,0.013010408,0.004275514,0.0030896699,0.025335463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.053364765,0.00091854844,0.0014030032,0.018785506,0.0022407167,0.013364942,0.0054564304,0.005355683,0.034067072],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000072592826,0.000037510006,0.0006983777,0.002269543,0.000039502676,0.00007664282,0.00027155556,0.00013645065,0.000504038,0.0047004255,0.8337006,0.15749282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003152438,0.0000059717827,0.00055072334,0.00068372965,0.000017354723,0.000039898452,0.000053413656,0.000013485164,0.000089654306,0.00084368617,0.99768364,0.000015253524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008763963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0125039695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025335463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026260056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010390466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.099629045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281736341","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006635","title":"The Importance of Lake Emergent Aquatic Vegetation for Estimating Arctic‐Boreal Methane Emissions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","keywords":"Wetland; Boreal; Environmental science; Arctic; Vegetation (pathology); Physical geography; Taiga; Hydrology (agriculture); Methane; Thermokarst; Tundra; Oceanography; Geology; Ecology; Geography","score_opus":0.032168983176121935,"score_gpt":0.3306474916996289,"score_spread":0.298478508523507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281736341","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99827015,0.00007120922,0.0008380445,0.000011091041,0.0000024210428,0.0000041516946,0.00037260208,0.000027499013,0.00040277344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984341,0.000028450208,0.0011457357,0.0000053530734,0.0000022644215,0.0000046464243,0.00032246287,0.0000036041185,0.000053482545],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979717,0.000056277157,0.000014345125,0.000057821886,0.000043524957,0.000030989315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999579,0.00013400728,0.00011111087,0.000036441284,0.0000970595,0.000042426345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047843452,0.00037500882,0.00019022098,0.00074998016,0.0004272287,0.0006799576,0.00023663255,0.00014056788,0.0004518541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00087066315,0.00015333487,0.0003831862,0.0006408555,0.00016082636,0.00037130862,0.00032942079,0.00012898953,0.000066391636],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006593352,0.000020855494,0.9832185,0.000020996866,0.00013384155,0.000030171337,0.00007275902,0.005431727,0.0037601895,0.000036762296,0.00010129306,0.007106923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000038635512,0.000017901584,0.9737274,0.00000734594,0.000039694703,0.000025699117,0.00013943955,0.02496369,0.00081860455,0.00004030869,0.00020899164,0.0000072481125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.089716084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.20758751,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.089716084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042582004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039902798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17838776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281767912","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006769","title":"Sulfur Biogeochemical Cycling and Redox Dynamics in a Shale‐Dominated Mountainous Watershed","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mine drainage and remediation techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Canadian Light Source; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Basic Energy Sciences; National Research Council Canada; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Western Economic Diversification Canada; Biological and Environmental Research; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Office of Science; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Pyrite; Sulfate; Geology; Sulfur cycle; Sulfur; δ34S; Weathering; Environmental chemistry; Geochemistry; Chemistry; Quartz; Fluid inclusions","score_opus":0.017874321598531907,"score_gpt":0.3025922697623277,"score_spread":0.2847179481637958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281767912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9999138,0.000004532898,0.000007992526,0.0000025706256,8.092316e-8,6.049117e-7,0.000024799923,0.0000010839539,0.000044441702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998122,0.000011132237,0.000035837216,0.0000023670725,9.1657034e-7,0.0000012111497,0.000080573314,3.9236141e-7,0.000055270073],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999298,0.00001145751,0.0000048177208,0.00002096898,0.000011265193,0.00002165657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987495,0.000014151626,0.000032121756,0.000005316104,0.00002903077,0.000044462653],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012554553,0.00014881634,0.00016063217,0.00076355814,0.000568028,0.0005205917,0.0001924349,0.00021087301,0.0004991807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015196185,0.00011050954,0.00014577067,0.000982379,0.00030164787,0.00021689513,0.00030513736,0.00010083258,0.000059514055],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013079258,0.00010729564,0.9806308,0.000012864841,0.000043448872,0.0006548801,0.0011057337,0.00069351983,0.013225133,0.00006279753,0.000053259857,0.0032794927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000031774566,0.00003254982,0.99775773,0.000001461264,0.0000078311405,0.000051531875,0.00062383286,0.0011523158,0.00025483637,0.000018350072,0.000093960836,0.0000024762442],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03388018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.040692516,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03388018,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005936674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034863068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.067365944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281786020","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006790","title":"Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Ocean Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Hydrography; Oceanography; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Series (stratigraphy); Geography; Geology; Biology; Ecology","score_opus":0.03281538027130454,"score_gpt":0.2606845795042608,"score_spread":0.2278691992329563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281786020","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99709976,0.00014829787,0.000029020739,0.000092442926,0.000009467482,0.0000032847988,0.0022167796,0.000005650985,0.00039522836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962452,0.00014688892,0.000092657574,0.00004066769,0.00000986864,0.000007818875,0.0030192826,0.0000028723953,0.0004347684],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999083,0.000010770558,0.000012884009,0.000024709747,0.000024959136,0.000018341529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993437,0.00005869769,0.00022002158,0.00003618861,0.00025162843,0.00008977333],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030199406,0.00021362424,0.00012810624,0.0008388938,0.00018294046,0.00039665878,0.0001836982,0.00022034401,0.00041555736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00080560514,0.00009851347,0.00021483345,0.0008505313,0.00018450481,0.00024760677,0.00035518763,0.00015142956,0.000112357135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002803241,0.000010036795,0.9965023,0.0000130083,0.000046959958,0.00007207387,0.000118869386,0.0002897939,0.0007164982,0.00002518836,0.0005840372,0.0015932192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000013131128,0.000002941546,0.9992668,0.000004394392,0.0000049743626,0.000009110741,0.00006698837,0.00027596322,0.0000387483,0.0000032755345,0.00032420084,0.0000012350291],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22915366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.35822567,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22915366,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011871436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000614795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45563966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283395821","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006775","title":"Quantifying Scaling Effect on Gross Primary Productivity Estimation in the Upscaling Process of Surface Heterogeneity","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Scaling; Primary production; Spatial heterogeneity; Elevation (ballistics); Environmental science; Vegetation (pathology); Scale (ratio); Mean squared error; Soil science; Remote sensing; Hydrology (agriculture); Mathematics; Geology; Statistics; Geometry; Ecosystem; Geography; Ecology; Cartography","score_opus":0.04362581712321634,"score_gpt":0.34895783118607754,"score_spread":0.3053320140628612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283395821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.919824,0.00028358545,0.07874449,0.000055192453,0.000039427232,0.00004397008,0.00012497451,0.00030961356,0.0005748301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99023086,0.00004673902,0.009531265,0.000009242935,0.000006568013,0.000012378337,0.0000935464,0.000019566865,0.00004976439],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936074,0.00015740196,0.00005693745,0.00016797862,0.00020119734,0.000055712564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971403,0.0013353615,0.00041488826,0.0005889383,0.0004565547,0.00006406026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021063688,0.0006450514,0.0003348246,0.0005816017,0.00022793375,0.0005349108,0.00036954402,0.00030400694,0.00033062045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007538692,0.00021667624,0.00056338153,0.00066427665,0.00036298588,0.0007902639,0.0005623167,0.00036462257,0.00006578286],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030422094,0.00014274332,0.1901616,0.00020698676,0.00032301704,0.00044175875,0.0002931096,0.64604837,0.0662216,0.0016676356,0.0005027618,0.09368622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017484714,0.000094225914,0.05284382,0.000014990869,0.00006592543,0.00005204746,0.00005317376,0.92923856,0.016119316,0.0010237764,0.00045013847,0.000026589327],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0062913923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025167428,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0062913923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040462802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003676905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012509525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283577583","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006941","title":"Control of Short‐Stature Vegetation Type on Shallow Ground Temperatures in Permafrost Across the Eastern Canadian Arctic","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Polar Programs; Appalachian State University; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Vegetation (pathology); Arctic; Geology; Arctic vegetation; Physical geography; Latitude; Environmental science; Climatology; Tundra; Geography; Oceanography; Geodesy","score_opus":0.05922800016306927,"score_gpt":0.32969218780754594,"score_spread":0.27046418764447666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283577583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99776995,0.00015075775,0.000086231434,0.00005830105,0.0000033938486,0.0000067944557,0.00062555744,0.000004493654,0.0012944952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992704,0.00005880056,0.00009021603,0.000015479722,9.839487e-7,0.00000315409,0.00029900315,0.0000018493165,0.00026013047],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996885,0.000028938513,0.0000110608935,0.00006763223,0.000080994054,0.0001227751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988943,0.00009773939,0.000155245,0.000035337336,0.0005934872,0.00022386128],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038706893,0.0002663689,0.00035309003,0.0010134957,0.0018312181,0.0009896915,0.0005977568,0.00022125937,0.0011345516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008296343,0.00013799766,0.00024745124,0.0018299373,0.0008143255,0.00024376242,0.00047111174,0.00024854223,0.00008697135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007518449,0.000025935953,0.99029785,0.000023534107,0.000058820988,0.00006570672,0.0009109222,0.00035578338,0.0025606938,0.000117082076,0.0003461103,0.00516237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.385202e-7,0.0000024264461,0.99913067,0.0000040444106,0.0000043793775,0.0000057959255,0.00050175225,0.00012399576,0.00004087656,0.0000070546935,0.00017624731,0.0000021079559],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9812104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9950041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01878959,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007327556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0088736825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.053165376},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283593672","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006855","title":"Carbon Dioxide and Methane Dynamics in a Peatland Headwater Stream: Origins, Processes and Implications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Hydro-Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Greenhouse gas; Methane; Carbon dioxide; Environmental science; STREAMS; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon fibers; Environmental chemistry; Water table; Carbon cycle; Chemistry; Ecosystem; Ecology; Groundwater; Geology","score_opus":0.023891666133994238,"score_gpt":0.31277191710404284,"score_spread":0.2888802509700486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283593672","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99979883,0.000017580736,0.000030632826,0.0000030264785,3.749824e-7,0.0000018881346,0.00006257821,0.000001912597,0.000083194194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996506,0.000026204782,0.00012181748,0.000002693412,6.4129176e-7,0.000001886602,0.00008375204,6.3549095e-7,0.00011173548],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999629,0.0000033057686,0.0000023356722,0.0000077114655,0.000009685886,0.000014052699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999058,0.0000127822495,0.00001980173,0.0000023789182,0.000030796982,0.000028431723],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000105179344,0.00013610485,0.00015813994,0.00047562874,0.00041643894,0.00040296454,0.00014704274,0.00016431764,0.00040444062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012799306,0.00009309922,0.0001127863,0.0004957341,0.00026157757,0.00015820675,0.0001416174,0.000109566354,0.000050896575],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021818498,0.00008995206,0.93647826,0.000037107067,0.000029694824,0.00043405712,0.00028142275,0.0015689706,0.055433866,0.00005269332,0.0000639449,0.0053118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000025375546,0.000029772697,0.9948369,0.0000026163402,0.0000076032857,0.000049001097,0.00024595036,0.0022732092,0.0024284858,0.000021032341,0.000100095975,0.0000027638755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19060022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.25964648,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19060022,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010589048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008440169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3789816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285093536","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006916","title":"Disentangling the Relative Drivers of Seasonal Evapotranspiration Across a Continental‐Scale Aridity Gradient","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Evapotranspiration; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Vapour Pressure Deficit; Arid; Phenology; Precipitation; Atmospheric sciences; Sensible heat; Eddy covariance; Temporal scales; Latent heat; Climatology; Ecology; Geography; Transpiration; Biology; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.026229978154655435,"score_gpt":0.3028716117090882,"score_spread":0.2766416335544328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285093536","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991597,0.00008002017,0.0002308603,0.000025408937,0.0000012261597,0.0000021660753,0.00024453102,0.000006325852,0.0002499301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99959046,0.000024752166,0.00012431052,0.000007828447,0.0000012390562,0.000002100532,0.00019608278,0.0000024544872,0.000050768922],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998416,0.000048152222,0.000009969739,0.000043314707,0.000018918734,0.000038027843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922776,0.00033808526,0.00017549538,0.000056813966,0.000107764004,0.000094110575],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000597748,0.00020531286,0.00022604867,0.0008507311,0.00028737885,0.0006633865,0.00024044863,0.00018796833,0.00077589473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011572967,0.00015259218,0.0003531988,0.0010165374,0.00029021257,0.00038651176,0.00052689755,0.00024629646,0.00007744522],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034838722,0.000009519782,0.99409616,0.000009311841,0.00009423551,0.00003641584,0.00017714612,0.00081249996,0.0016997337,0.00016727163,0.00008243892,0.002780387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011107511,0.000006136822,0.99706703,0.0000029430194,0.0000141941355,0.000012618628,0.0001915865,0.0024031145,0.0000941817,0.00006969536,0.00013425884,0.0000030406022],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08535569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10178454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08535569,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045570626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006384517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16971773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286215598","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006903","title":"Aquatic and Terrestrial Plant Contributions to Sedimentary Plant Waxes in a Modern Arctic Lake Setting","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University at Buffalo; Geological Society of America; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Terrestrial plant; Wax; Arctic vegetation; Arctic; Aquatic plant; Terrestrial ecosystem; Environmental science; Ecology; Aquatic ecosystem; Sediment; Vegetation (pathology); Botany; Biology; Ecosystem; Tundra; Macrophyte; Paleontology","score_opus":0.058549864740507294,"score_gpt":0.3301032627956873,"score_spread":0.27155339805518003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4286215598","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99956936,0.000067180255,0.000036327296,0.0000052555697,4.2950566e-7,7.100313e-7,0.00011547939,0.0000016607288,0.00020348589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99962366,0.000058278165,0.00008993595,0.0000039648803,8.6425996e-7,8.5249997e-7,0.0001200316,0.0000016193227,0.000100765],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990535,0.000009498386,0.0000047907274,0.00002604039,0.000021760092,0.00003248905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997925,0.000021512418,0.00005295606,0.000007840409,0.00008296296,0.000042267104],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015063547,0.0002127157,0.00018537097,0.0012444402,0.0010038208,0.00070109684,0.00013678061,0.0001196012,0.00070643285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021687197,0.00018635349,0.00014380224,0.0015810821,0.00052200136,0.0002480269,0.00048512343,0.00011826006,0.00006288686],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000320877,0.00001354312,0.94423646,0.000057329842,0.00010884762,0.00015094019,0.0012778726,0.00048701098,0.045984186,0.00013694695,0.00008472624,0.0071411864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.141908e-7,0.000008125856,0.9988281,0.0000025759998,0.000010479387,0.00002202837,0.00039227947,0.0002011064,0.00033362853,0.000016217904,0.00018189287,0.0000026663315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.37219313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6180068,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37219313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016887167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091884733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7400534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286221666","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006891","title":"Physiographic Controls and Wildfire Effects on Aquatic Biogeochemistry in Tundra of the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Tundra; Environmental science; Biogeochemical cycle; Aquatic ecosystem; Hydrology (agriculture); Delta; Watershed; Ecosystem; Ecology; Oceanography; Geology","score_opus":0.03351267798255007,"score_gpt":0.2913089303923547,"score_spread":0.25779625240980464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4286221666","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99958247,0.000053747626,0.000024657938,0.0000048905645,0.0000011520469,0.0000012519743,0.0002025105,0.0000017031525,0.0001276486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99953806,0.000039708397,0.00005616543,0.0000054174643,8.769741e-7,0.000002472599,0.0002805017,7.8196837e-7,0.00007610874],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985266,0.000025164432,0.000021490008,0.000051101717,0.000023432736,0.000026142974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996106,0.000054480097,0.00014012752,0.000030734704,0.00008203052,0.00008205196],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031237034,0.00014740224,0.00018746984,0.00065685407,0.00039833228,0.00047316242,0.000190557,0.00013675426,0.00051635277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003814668,0.000107053114,0.0002118391,0.0009036624,0.000305459,0.00022364315,0.00038761154,0.00010910937,0.000054337484],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036716276,0.000011159539,0.9964886,0.000009869497,0.00004088605,0.000035847348,0.00016910456,0.00016035711,0.0012934334,0.000016691598,0.00003430588,0.0017029366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.5695364e-7,0.0000052154733,0.9994392,0.000002552792,0.0000066049524,0.000011294037,0.00030161944,0.00011691124,0.00005033649,0.000006087687,0.000058500653,0.0000010705116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11604573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.264023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11604573,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00082450063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006010028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23074049},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288741355","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006750","title":"The Distribution of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Among Dominant Geomorphological Terrain Units in Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Arctic Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Montréal; Université Laval; Makivik Corporation","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Université Laval","keywords":"Permafrost; Alluvium; Arctic; Soil carbon; Geology; Soil water; Physical geography; Alluvial fan; Ice wedge; Hydrology (agriculture); Terrain; Soil science; Geomorphology; Geography; Oceanography; Structural basin","score_opus":0.04047813063302564,"score_gpt":0.2708582094737154,"score_spread":0.23038007884068978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4288741355","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99749184,0.00020993527,0.000044206892,0.000020545256,0.0000016323538,0.000009630231,0.0013918299,0.0000071930917,0.0008231147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981377,0.00013923142,0.00017080118,0.000009040915,9.827893e-7,0.000007889275,0.00097069686,0.0000029397163,0.0005607479],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99976903,0.000013263979,0.000011946413,0.000050203693,0.000051977153,0.00010364145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957377,0.00003237607,0.00008045338,0.000013011478,0.00017937808,0.000121075354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017789232,0.00028845872,0.00025176702,0.0016164037,0.0013511414,0.0009999513,0.00048605938,0.00019132694,0.0012605169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033836678,0.00023170364,0.00029157597,0.001962668,0.00078772905,0.00018353818,0.00045865684,0.00016122648,0.00017726971],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001398882,0.000022292683,0.98654187,0.00007109521,0.00006656553,0.00020034621,0.0011316739,0.00049941393,0.0032820215,0.00009579122,0.00057206646,0.007376939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000025652103,0.0000064671312,0.9984889,0.000012415772,0.00000583175,0.0000278809,0.0008663838,0.00020562981,0.00007097348,0.0000056809567,0.0003036294,0.0000035877283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9655992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98595166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03440082,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0071920822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0067329854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.069206774},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289847588","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006897","title":"Patterns and Regulation of Hypolimnetic CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in a Tropical Reservoir Using a Process‐Based Modeling Approach","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; University of Lethbridge","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Hypolimnion; Environmental science; Water column; Carbon dioxide; Methanogenesis; Methane; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental chemistry; Atmospheric sciences; Chemistry; Geology; Oceanography; Eutrophication","score_opus":0.034909541903276026,"score_gpt":0.2877584005230334,"score_spread":0.25284885861975737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4289847588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978975,0.000019121477,0.001448882,0.00003277018,0.0000016401644,0.000005001845,0.00009719692,0.000019129922,0.00047874087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99936086,0.000016936723,0.00045308104,0.000002904983,8.521441e-7,0.0000063139732,0.00003991448,0.0000029133253,0.000116304705],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999589,0.000009699351,0.0000027308959,0.000014926696,0.000003328786,0.0000103646935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998702,0.00005108843,0.000030916686,0.0000098626515,0.000018020475,0.000019929752],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016326655,0.00038763034,0.00023429347,0.00025494152,0.0002652136,0.0006521082,0.00058952026,0.00059694407,0.0005006837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029769496,0.0002780991,0.0005902593,0.0002576775,0.00034686318,0.00043591432,0.00032812724,0.0003029451,0.00004817986],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009018398,0.00007420327,0.042116318,0.000030356232,0.000078064404,0.000117052514,0.00008693802,0.94466966,0.010128612,0.0010032888,0.00007760241,0.0015278038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006488577,0.000016777958,0.0073379828,0.0000019973809,0.00001381011,0.0000073211745,0.00003474193,0.99189794,0.0005192251,0.00010458898,0.00005280554,0.0000063687226],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.055977564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027707871,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.055977564,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014756698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007506026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11130345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293582906","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006881","title":"Impacts of Active Versus Passive Re‐Wetting on the Carbon Balance of a Previously Drained Bog","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Government of Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Peat; Environmental science; Bog; Eddy covariance; Sink (geography); Wetting; Carbon sink; Atmospheric sciences; Sphagnum; Biogeochemical cycle; Radiative forcing; Ecosystem; Climate change; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Materials science","score_opus":0.03543959693824838,"score_gpt":0.3215486891583128,"score_spread":0.2861090922200644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4293582906","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998202,0.000008942993,0.000040847543,0.000002776184,0.0000011625788,0.0000016352187,0.000023348524,0.000005688786,0.00009535782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997758,0.000008319121,0.000073303105,0.000005691974,7.0530274e-7,0.0000023037958,0.00004296743,0.0000024054493,0.0000884766],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998969,0.000013180716,0.000006532325,0.000019168687,0.000014339155,0.000049916725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962234,0.000068048146,0.00007617631,0.00003197411,0.000058190228,0.00014331166],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003107992,0.00029024802,0.00029880705,0.00027958705,0.00043476355,0.0006560917,0.00027249395,0.00031535752,0.0006132593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000534859,0.00011919986,0.00025672113,0.00014319336,0.00041762835,0.00023259522,0.00033908724,0.00021933432,0.000054645738],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0031697897,0.0008101265,0.4103596,0.00017201318,0.0004310309,0.0010057731,0.0007375044,0.026067564,0.5374291,0.0002863049,0.00038240978,0.019148849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003293937,0.0006429574,0.96248245,0.000010511944,0.00009880554,0.00013082706,0.000595672,0.01649067,0.01865817,0.000100331454,0.00073619606,0.000020496005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030051887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07102909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030051887,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008058809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004918107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.059753954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294069038","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006904","title":"A Process‐Model Perspective on Recent Changes in the Carbon Cycle of North America","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Biome; Carbon sink; Environmental science; Carbon cycle; Sink (geography); Climatology; Primary production; Ecosystem; Standard deviation; Vegetation (pathology); Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Ecology; Statistics; Mathematics; Biology; Cartography","score_opus":0.0247452535994924,"score_gpt":0.31008683568611123,"score_spread":0.2853415820866188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294069038","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85028756,0.0037910626,0.09021315,0.01430999,0.0003108425,0.000043710977,0.005813922,0.00052578055,0.03470395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922855,0.00085509225,0.0048061297,0.00029784732,0.00008141505,0.000025510302,0.0006330209,0.000059673283,0.0009557264],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984133,0.000053212283,0.000008079207,0.000056862846,0.000025802821,0.000014701976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994948,0.00027905064,0.000074077565,0.000047320424,0.00007940793,0.000025386646],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008074108,0.0004292367,0.00040129488,0.00070476823,0.0003273024,0.0016285976,0.0008134212,0.00071901444,0.0027074767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021198632,0.00023624684,0.00066252187,0.0014495427,0.00058073946,0.001835086,0.0006994068,0.0008445374,0.00014027425],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038766273,0.0000369916,0.03889717,0.00006222478,0.00023101746,0.000114530565,0.00021754672,0.9119765,0.001490869,0.037070334,0.002056283,0.0078077293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018209188,0.00003455233,0.033399045,0.000048123515,0.000093511924,0.000046735524,0.00029923,0.89162695,0.0004830723,0.065332726,0.00857409,0.00004381437],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.075324476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.056935687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9246755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016482506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00096201815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14977205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294968729","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006864","title":"Near‐Surface Hydrology and Soil Properties Drive Heterogeneity in Permafrost Distribution, Vegetation Dynamics, and Carbon Cycling in a Sub‐Arctic Watershed","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Permafrost; Environmental science; Soil carbon; Watershed; Spatial heterogeneity; Soil water; Vegetation (pathology); Hydrology (agriculture); Shrub; Ecosystem; Primary production; Atmospheric sciences; Snow; Soil science; Ecology; Geology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.041574338117662556,"score_gpt":0.2814813995005405,"score_spread":0.23990706138287796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294968729","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99971133,0.0000048991965,0.00009637022,0.000010917985,5.5484605e-7,0.0000012045082,0.000044126762,0.000005579595,0.00012494507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998573,0.000004097084,0.0000688226,0.0000032752641,4.630725e-7,0.0000011786522,0.000032032138,0.0000012856858,0.000031414856],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999194,0.000027561184,0.0000047409585,0.000021600406,0.0000065944273,0.000020070376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996692,0.00019422328,0.000039970688,0.00002297794,0.000025009773,0.000048659425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036195476,0.00026511878,0.00021509499,0.00032187568,0.00036829303,0.00049848837,0.00031742617,0.00036324398,0.0007719157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00081553415,0.00021519796,0.00047273614,0.00022364315,0.0004331665,0.00031492097,0.0003147988,0.00021367414,0.000033469325],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016640172,0.00013708368,0.20706557,0.000023069091,0.00019193643,0.00021782397,0.000101040525,0.7829954,0.0069160108,0.00046675213,0.00013448506,0.0015844265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000045586174,0.00011406129,0.13536207,0.000007802654,0.00007275756,0.00004753893,0.00028775103,0.8615615,0.001718044,0.0006276507,0.00013520283,0.000020019475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.059010595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.039098755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.059010595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009163041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004616646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11733425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296312114","doi":"10.1029/2021jg006774","title":"Peatland Heterogeneity Impacts on Regional Carbon Flux and Its Radiative Effect Within a Boreal Landscape","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Academy of Finland","keywords":"Peat; Boreal; Environmental science; Biogeochemical cycle; Mire; Carbon cycle; Atmospheric sciences; Physical geography; Greenhouse gas; Carbon sink; Flux (metallurgy); Carbon dioxide; Sink (geography); Taiga; Ecosystem; Ecology; Forestry; Environmental chemistry; Geography; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.029060103840935284,"score_gpt":0.31650130256986964,"score_spread":0.28744119872893437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296312114","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996766,0.00001720902,0.00010344672,0.0000049038363,6.882479e-7,9.933877e-7,0.000044157136,0.0000059115746,0.00014604905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998884,0.0000053819194,0.000054881653,0.0000014837943,6.331712e-7,7.031993e-7,0.00003384729,9.2813366e-7,0.000013862381],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984944,0.00003548059,0.0000112389,0.000044619323,0.000017709082,0.00004144969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996269,0.000103883685,0.00012185189,0.00004381329,0.00004965728,0.00005381936],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004085466,0.00021782877,0.00017067607,0.0005500451,0.00033838645,0.0006577925,0.00020714724,0.00020157859,0.0005031293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060320814,0.00011005756,0.00033442266,0.0004376566,0.000314494,0.00047768964,0.00030856684,0.00010503281,0.00003776883],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017597876,0.00006378739,0.9694136,0.000019629892,0.00014774672,0.00021602635,0.0001682147,0.010901799,0.012339211,0.00019864834,0.00010537102,0.0062499787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000038808116,0.000020404166,0.9896483,0.0000025177176,0.000029663743,0.000061553634,0.00014313628,0.009513869,0.00039550036,0.00007510702,0.00010015964,0.000005944228],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020690223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.031262815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020690223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045624087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021809686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.041139603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296700958","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006969","title":"Intact Polar brGDGTs in Arctic Lake Catchments: Implications for Lipid Sources and Paleoclimate Applications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Paleoclimatology; Sediment; Soil water; Arctic; Geology; Water column; Paleolimnology; Sedimentary rock; Context (archaeology); Sedimentary depositional environment; Physical geography; Climate change; Oceanography; Earth science; Environmental science; Geochemistry; Paleontology; Soil science; Structural basin","score_opus":0.04361586772964837,"score_gpt":0.3366035143285218,"score_spread":0.29298764659887344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296700958","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975314,0.00062496046,0.00029251486,0.00005125193,0.0000028317218,0.000005900819,0.0006114484,0.000009242012,0.00087035977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985549,0.00034362823,0.0005025185,0.000020167501,0.0000028417676,0.000003898862,0.0003363131,0.0000046898513,0.00023101778],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998171,0.000016638873,0.000010815417,0.00004276684,0.000041671614,0.000070944436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961853,0.000032727447,0.00007732721,0.00001387157,0.000207371,0.00005011128],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039449157,0.00035077802,0.0002617365,0.00221548,0.0015292082,0.001341326,0.00031582327,0.0001899424,0.0006833369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005832396,0.00020445915,0.00016690594,0.0029293688,0.00071355904,0.00037484994,0.0007300691,0.00015427008,0.00008427445],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018060944,0.00001153541,0.9559696,0.000094664574,0.00008333152,0.00014096267,0.0021868162,0.00048340115,0.026453702,0.00027795063,0.00016303622,0.013954327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.783027e-7,0.0000044947637,0.9967836,0.000011679485,0.0000144683745,0.000023608018,0.0013685155,0.00041899306,0.0006848659,0.000052953914,0.0006316716,0.0000042612505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.64203995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.78087854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64203995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003109063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019286567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7201363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307896352","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006844","title":"Salt‐Induced Flocculation of Dissolved Organic Matter and Iron Is Controlled by Their Concentration and Ratio in Boreal Coastal Systems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Ocean Frontier Institute","keywords":"Flocculation; Dissolved organic carbon; Salinity; Environmental chemistry; Organic matter; Particulates; Estuary; Environmental science; Chemistry; Total organic carbon; Oceanography; Environmental engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.01850894766656354,"score_gpt":0.25677722890601085,"score_spread":0.23826828123944732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307896352","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997764,0.000025306379,0.00003982881,0.0000052182736,0.0000010913589,0.0000021718674,0.000038580296,0.000003903326,0.00010750959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99961436,0.000027219701,0.00015576059,0.000011346047,0.0000011458347,0.0000035063915,0.00009282041,0.0000017318575,0.00009194415],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987304,0.000012722338,0.000015225424,0.000053786433,0.00002420057,0.00002101746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974066,0.000020980435,0.00010051773,0.000014755822,0.00006180958,0.0000612634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017229123,0.00023599873,0.00020404956,0.0002914259,0.0004879015,0.00037680723,0.0002320793,0.00019299389,0.00023903941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020874571,0.00018231444,0.00023867708,0.00017515438,0.00029997047,0.00026563648,0.0002615362,0.000159749,0.00005054219],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034855638,0.000099936915,0.22297423,0.00004706364,0.00006530115,0.00012059856,0.0005142263,0.00021206638,0.7711709,0.000059559756,0.00010674979,0.004280829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000718071,0.00013881332,0.9901612,0.0000018613633,0.000016689695,0.000057926303,0.00020426513,0.00038709329,0.008747137,0.000014255564,0.00025641412,0.0000071675327],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027463112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.041355386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027463112,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004867539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002532085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.054606497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310736077","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006910","title":"Limited Potential for Mineralization of Permafrost Peatland Soil Carbon Following Thermokarst: Evidence From Anoxic Incubation and Priming Experiments","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Peat; Mineralization (soil science); Permafrost; Anoxic waters; Thermokarst; Environmental chemistry; Soil science; Chemistry; Environmental science; Ecology; Soil water; Biology","score_opus":0.10138986539370813,"score_gpt":0.34012049614574724,"score_spread":0.2387306307520391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310736077","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99889684,0.00015589135,0.00039218095,0.000010165635,0.0000033062777,0.000014851351,0.00012286802,0.000007931491,0.00039590048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99830294,0.000101525264,0.0009677137,0.000026720232,0.0000032779537,0.000046676523,0.0002034864,0.00001031419,0.00033731075],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983025,0.00003153362,0.00001877117,0.00005594478,0.000028055623,0.000035535715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992011,0.00025181356,0.00019278772,0.00009698026,0.00009598634,0.00016129891],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043532232,0.00031011074,0.00027833678,0.00015242625,0.00027149066,0.0003296608,0.00030311325,0.00029873612,0.0007469676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005210971,0.00021397446,0.0001909808,0.00011799276,0.00036211527,0.00026267924,0.00039971079,0.00037141817,0.00011433696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00120193,0.000079049125,0.010443824,0.00006093397,0.000016401358,0.00006707514,0.00009747134,0.000100639285,0.98567295,0.000041857664,0.000018144267,0.0021995807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000042829095,0.0020444382,0.34842464,0.000022540393,0.00006638385,0.0002853494,0.00020980914,0.0016314043,0.64607936,0.00023609641,0.00092864723,0.000028534243],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022461142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043314258,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022461142,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033464687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034790125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0044661164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311419502","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007139","title":"The Transformation and Export of Organic Carbon Across an Arctic River‐Delta‐Ocean Continuum","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Phytoplankton; Plume; Total organic carbon; Arctic; Carbon cycle; Environmental chemistry; Colored dissolved organic matter; Oceanography; Biological pump; Chemistry; Ecology; Nutrient; Ecosystem; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.025228195058305567,"score_gpt":0.284425045047565,"score_spread":0.2591968499892594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311419502","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967294,0.000034512952,0.0010148402,0.000055872737,0.0000060119573,0.00000531973,0.00088830636,0.00006590957,0.0011998262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99818975,0.00006660444,0.000687203,0.000013455975,0.0000017207622,0.0000052910987,0.00058726163,0.00001252891,0.00043626828],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992025,0.00000840042,0.0000051751413,0.00002743041,0.000015683665,0.00002304354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998864,0.00002429705,0.000019401376,0.000010673002,0.000037128226,0.000022180895],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015136851,0.00039173788,0.00022243333,0.00027156132,0.0006383915,0.0010805159,0.000313025,0.00040548004,0.00059731345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027204904,0.00028326397,0.0006567123,0.00065721135,0.00026948686,0.0004057194,0.0003551971,0.0003403318,0.00011347553],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025419742,0.00013854328,0.38662547,0.00009719731,0.00018966408,0.0005789938,0.00030434577,0.5702276,0.028071238,0.0021511111,0.00080244476,0.010559181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000784603,0.00008471777,0.24667163,0.000027087914,0.000110399065,0.00014955636,0.00044024963,0.7426193,0.006178886,0.0010393761,0.0025409225,0.00005946565],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.27907363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.15926334,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27907363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0029958014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00208756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5548985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313655628","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007291","title":"Basin‐Scale CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions From the East River in South China: Importance of Small Rivers, Human Impacts and Monsoons","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Monsoon; Environmental science; Drainage basin; Precipitation; Hydrology (agriculture); Subtropics; Greenhouse gas; Climate change; Dry season; Watershed; Structural basin; Climatology; Geography; Oceanography; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.03909311763643878,"score_gpt":0.2812844017980912,"score_spread":0.24219128416165245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313655628","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997118,0.000032327007,0.00003750871,0.000019267436,4.821673e-7,9.15685e-7,0.00006971468,0.000002103044,0.00012589866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997662,0.000031198444,0.00003402574,0.000005417621,0.0000011788246,0.000001413818,0.000073038274,0.0000010170277,0.00008653111],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999299,0.000012594708,0.000006732133,0.000020690739,0.000014259974,0.000015854686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998598,0.000028663128,0.00004086946,0.000010601059,0.000034068118,0.000025883273],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020768479,0.00019676,0.00016469583,0.00049613405,0.00026929143,0.00039724188,0.00014129544,0.00016439019,0.0005947956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018249011,0.00013163152,0.0002519493,0.000652429,0.00028195637,0.00030246054,0.00028074527,0.00009288215,0.000047922797],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000612424,0.00001748812,0.98382103,0.000038561422,0.0000760694,0.00019719558,0.00025421404,0.0013866002,0.008314419,0.0001141337,0.000100681726,0.005618375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001950564,0.000005311419,0.9980987,0.0000017929177,0.0000133258345,0.000021321426,0.00017549495,0.001304118,0.0002250275,0.000029693989,0.000120484394,0.0000027766366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.043748528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07028486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043748528,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005017792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039880438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08698779},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317396190","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007206","title":"Presence of Access Roads Results in Reduced Growing Season Carbon Uptake in Adjacent Boreal Peatlands","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Northern Alberta Institute of Technology; University of Waterloo","funders":"Emissions Reduction Alberta; Shell Canada; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Peat; Environmental science; Boreal; Transect; Mire; Understory; Bog; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon sink; Primary production; Biomass (ecology); Forestry; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Geography; Ecology; Canopy; Geology","score_opus":0.0596417876404917,"score_gpt":0.35433353415333474,"score_spread":0.294691746512843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4317396190","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998635,0.000008152598,0.00001659847,0.0000018657472,6.584987e-7,8.6659287e-7,0.000028107977,0.0000017752882,0.00007846236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998171,0.000007376192,0.000044082295,0.0000030833876,8.846565e-7,0.0000018909298,0.00004850279,9.445037e-7,0.00007618082],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998467,0.00002757385,0.000012911419,0.000040477236,0.000020582098,0.000051696625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946266,0.00005949219,0.00025213402,0.000035643458,0.00006519859,0.00012495961],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028642558,0.0001897375,0.00018034808,0.00028229394,0.0002812481,0.00046933832,0.00020166782,0.0001774471,0.00054831145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003944173,0.00012905731,0.00022437528,0.00015455896,0.00025883675,0.00033756884,0.00021414508,0.00017926045,0.00006681361],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005288825,0.0004287598,0.94913363,0.000027659922,0.00009675839,0.0004439603,0.00039477157,0.00039604594,0.043667354,0.00006125297,0.00014315806,0.0046778573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016246157,0.000045760153,0.9990355,0.0000012448369,0.000007775654,0.000046470224,0.0002031781,0.00018240076,0.00039619018,0.000009953221,0.00006759488,0.0000022671968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01683552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.048089325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01683552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033384387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025071306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03347504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318541660","doi":"10.1029/2022jg006923","title":"Reduced Net CO<sub>2</sub> Uptake During Dry Summers in a Boreal Shield Peatland","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; McMaster University","funders":"Global Water Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Boreal; Eddy covariance; Environmental science; Ecosystem respiration; Carbon sink; Primary production; Water table; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon dioxide; Atmospheric sciences; Carbon cycle; Sink (geography); Ecosystem; Growing season; Ecohydrology; Climate change; Ecology; Groundwater; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.03362028166908707,"score_gpt":0.3182879251495605,"score_spread":0.2846676434804734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4318541660","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998191,0.0000106211,0.000026435473,0.0000038383378,8.044311e-7,5.5243737e-7,0.00007564849,0.000002084825,0.00006107277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99980885,0.000006111832,0.00004249462,0.0000044061153,8.665951e-7,0.0000011660854,0.000085798354,7.8714595e-7,0.000049588987],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999542,0.0000059354425,0.000004463564,0.000014096226,0.000006067691,0.000015237788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998167,0.000018452252,0.00007229855,0.0000093737535,0.000026235519,0.000056909666],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016480235,0.00018680713,0.00019099283,0.0002944463,0.0003040429,0.00030959497,0.0001305535,0.0001627516,0.0005075226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015765693,0.00009587532,0.0001668385,0.00020774361,0.00021809002,0.00021565847,0.00015255377,0.0001256091,0.000060725713],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005912845,0.0001655319,0.92065036,0.00003805622,0.00008344442,0.00036542874,0.0004903515,0.0005890778,0.07157812,0.000066507324,0.000197235,0.005184622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011338467,0.000025621724,0.9990575,9.1448027e-7,0.000005079959,0.000034942314,0.0001123056,0.00027000209,0.0004244212,0.000010518494,0.000055893117,0.0000017484823],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020618813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04289327,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020618813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030039804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021364093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.040997624},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319068413","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007197","title":"Environmental Drivers of Gross Primary Productivity and Light Use Efficiency of a Temperate Spruce Forest","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Waldklimafonds; University of Alberta; RWTH Aachen University; Australian Government","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Photosynthetically active radiation; Vapour Pressure Deficit; Environmental science; Canopy; Primary production; Temperate forest; Temperate rainforest; Ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Biometeorology; Photosynthetic capacity; Ecology; Transpiration; Photosynthesis; Botany; Biology","score_opus":0.020455011721225543,"score_gpt":0.2624437360997982,"score_spread":0.24198872437857266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319068413","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993568,0.000025821153,0.0001328801,0.000010974692,6.951011e-7,0.0000017757749,0.00028405423,0.000010564972,0.00017648231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99971503,0.000008059349,0.00005614056,0.0000023105797,0.0000011637743,0.0000012514407,0.00017171263,0.0000020431578,0.000042162217],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993145,0.000012742048,0.0000047227077,0.00002787098,0.000009932473,0.000013255903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998067,0.000073104864,0.00003768632,0.000015265037,0.000027833506,0.00003937278],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027930678,0.00021124247,0.00014307421,0.00035149523,0.00018402954,0.00052332506,0.00012573793,0.00018901,0.00054693397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035855902,0.000122033925,0.00021191647,0.0002801696,0.00018270583,0.00023860701,0.00018902188,0.00013334001,0.00010565219],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013786799,0.000057478617,0.957742,0.000026147669,0.00009377594,0.00014016095,0.00009102312,0.012020303,0.026076475,0.00017154646,0.00015648495,0.0032866881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000027022593,0.000014882653,0.99052024,0.0000011374935,0.000006753906,0.00003140057,0.000044416014,0.008808179,0.00041980596,0.000059223923,0.00008694152,0.0000044107555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0155176865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017463492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0155176865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003751885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022612541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.030854702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319322331","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007194","title":"Processes Controlling Methane Emissions From a Tropical Peatland Drainage Canal","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Research Foundation Singapore; National Research Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Methane; Peat; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Atmosphere (unit); Greenhouse gas; Drainage; Atmospheric methane; Methanogenesis; Dissolved organic carbon; Carbon dioxide; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Chemistry; Ecology; Oceanography; Geotechnical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.043113254211995175,"score_gpt":0.3385287644530182,"score_spread":0.295415510241023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319322331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99937516,0.0000078468065,0.00032108437,0.000008833674,0.0000010809518,0.0000026331202,0.000052287425,0.000016375358,0.00021468676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99972993,0.000008090173,0.000156687,0.0000014059872,3.847507e-7,0.0000022986578,0.000037835463,0.0000020283785,0.00006143575],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999491,0.0000087387225,0.000003550848,0.000015430654,0.000006059085,0.000017037131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998826,0.000043036573,0.000025263946,0.00000865612,0.000018507873,0.000021970935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000096292206,0.00022019741,0.00017229271,0.00026521058,0.00038126574,0.00057179865,0.0003185682,0.00043664064,0.00053179165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034765425,0.0001877575,0.00030041352,0.0002497811,0.0003553136,0.00030885794,0.00027891586,0.00020438916,0.00005203507],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020762136,0.0001754313,0.2846427,0.000038833467,0.00006857499,0.00025376078,0.0001581402,0.6648521,0.04502323,0.0009548182,0.00016680617,0.0034580796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000048638565,0.00008448372,0.069894165,0.0000066259718,0.00002824175,0.000040908046,0.00014203465,0.9233378,0.0058255536,0.0003200657,0.00025195305,0.00001954125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.060360216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.038506344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060360216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001553659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009169272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12001777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322762717","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007113","title":"Estimating Net Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Balances of Potato and Pea Crops on a Conventional Farm in Western Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Greenhouse gas; Nitrous oxide; Environmental science; Flux (metallurgy); Carbon dioxide; Agroecosystem; Crop; Agronomy; Carbon footprint; Atmospheric sciences; Ecosystem; Carbon sequestration; Methane; Chemistry; Agriculture; Ecology; Biology; Physics","score_opus":0.01840022620604874,"score_gpt":0.280974660864886,"score_spread":0.26257443465883723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4322762717","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99820924,0.000057512436,0.00016964957,0.000011426534,0.0000011214895,0.000016523287,0.00064123276,0.00001305246,0.0008803651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970137,0.00008599155,0.0007541785,0.000016932416,8.365667e-7,0.000011574225,0.0008253174,0.0000053373537,0.0012862709],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983656,0.000005317791,0.0000042280517,0.000046057325,0.000056121262,0.000051714593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996878,0.000019399651,0.000022540244,0.000010124303,0.00019515376,0.00006503162],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001231152,0.00031995738,0.00021950503,0.0005672581,0.001301905,0.0007198334,0.00061600504,0.00023485329,0.00080574345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002788196,0.00021220438,0.00015975008,0.0012625307,0.00037384874,0.00025015287,0.0002208707,0.00018610063,0.0001609873],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048477697,0.00013447629,0.9197921,0.00012459366,0.00013274999,0.0006932047,0.0009744488,0.0069841975,0.03923657,0.0002969204,0.0012438596,0.029902076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013715434,0.000035176763,0.98593056,0.000009934001,0.00002243601,0.000043375414,0.00096846285,0.009550326,0.0019975328,0.000036180805,0.0013789734,0.000013304665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99099624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9963618,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016443377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.016443377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008066024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11930561},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323654776","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007091","title":"Eddy Covariance Data Reveal That a Small Freshwater Reservoir Emits a Substantial Amount of Carbon Dioxide and Methane","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Carbon dioxide; Methane; Atmospheric sciences; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecosystem; Oceanography; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.07767368567560261,"score_gpt":0.3194532664668297,"score_spread":0.24177958079122708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4323654776","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99786985,0.000018789438,0.0010302365,0.000015100287,0.0000031551049,0.0000045920524,0.00046557758,0.000045290042,0.0005473204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990095,0.00001132226,0.00050408934,0.000005602077,0.0000010493526,0.0000031005216,0.00023523638,0.0000040498944,0.00022603614],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999639,0.0000023375442,0.000001583672,0.000012857793,0.000008897989,0.000010389308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998454,0.000024624236,0.00003895553,0.000011010003,0.000055257256,0.000024652314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000079623715,0.00018144648,0.00017444666,0.00021960928,0.00025058567,0.000317251,0.00012823494,0.00015163518,0.0006683118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001759795,0.00012232894,0.00013849739,0.0002716556,0.00010124495,0.00020280569,0.0001630085,0.000118892,0.00010608842],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002520428,0.00013207427,0.5157141,0.000054498,0.00011254232,0.00022030431,0.000107009655,0.007507675,0.4592592,0.00022475657,0.0012972885,0.015118465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012042765,0.00007139074,0.90958434,0.000008805241,0.00003572682,0.00008619724,0.00011430064,0.041642915,0.047065552,0.000108378896,0.0012460174,0.00002440341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017155753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.038486153,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017155753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002934492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027438192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.034111798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360991820","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007195","title":"Multi‐Source Mapping of Peatland Types Using Sentinel‐1, Sentinel‐2, and Terrain Derivatives—A Comparison Between Five High‐Latitude Landscapes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; Vetenskapsrådet; European Space Agency","keywords":"Terrain; Peat; Land cover; Wetland; Latitude; Swamp; Scale (ratio); Remote sensing; Digital elevation model; Physical geography; Environmental science; Cartography; Geography; Land use; Ecology","score_opus":0.06280079012632007,"score_gpt":0.3517540706956011,"score_spread":0.28895328056928105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4360991820","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983255,0.000043113956,0.0011736277,0.000009316297,0.0000032886803,0.0000055550945,0.00013814714,0.000019213123,0.00028214825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99687624,0.000026819707,0.0026857064,0.000004317231,0.0000018207577,0.000004228958,0.00033007513,0.0000029864086,0.00006788852],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99977154,0.00007017813,0.000015594613,0.000053897984,0.000055956007,0.000032720443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969685,0.00008627199,0.000044444478,0.00003739978,0.00009959606,0.000035435274],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010182108,0.00024559067,0.0002176054,0.00085626444,0.00021658721,0.00043045633,0.00019716153,0.00018996469,0.00024969561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063746335,0.0000963724,0.0002975908,0.00051295344,0.00016844012,0.00045872855,0.00028744186,0.00010485427,0.00005243636],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006616248,0.00021310868,0.86915195,0.00008502689,0.00034263913,0.00022065554,0.00052823714,0.024212454,0.035856344,0.00019438326,0.00041083456,0.06812273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012657581,0.00014869844,0.9430709,0.000022011074,0.00012560631,0.000093834016,0.0011849949,0.050106324,0.0046800757,0.00011009107,0.0004230546,0.000021770578],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019136818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04947425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019136818,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028964208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021967004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03805083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361000883","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007253","title":"Ecosystem Metabolism Is the Dominant Source of Carbon Dioxide in Three Young Boreal Cascade‐Reservoirs (La Romaine Complex, Québec)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Hydro-Québec","keywords":"Environmental science; Ecosystem; Tributary; Primary production; Ecosystem respiration; Greenhouse gas; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide; Groundwater; Hydrology (agriculture); Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Geology; Biology; Geography","score_opus":0.023586481608668504,"score_gpt":0.27930488718845303,"score_spread":0.25571840557978454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4361000883","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99931693,0.00001964016,0.000073143165,0.000008802147,2.841034e-7,0.0000060914194,0.00027099194,0.0000043033706,0.0002998329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992035,0.000015712982,0.00011498457,0.0000065235636,3.0952128e-7,0.0000051199345,0.00020412497,0.000001862685,0.00044787012],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999218,0.0000053914437,0.0000026061202,0.000024070661,0.000017939681,0.000028169434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967825,0.000031832893,0.00006667985,0.000011621527,0.00013227716,0.00007925892],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011405657,0.00028185907,0.0002167312,0.0005579524,0.0009836555,0.0006644201,0.00043107924,0.00029286422,0.0012546793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002779406,0.0001553262,0.00019545597,0.0007377111,0.00057069986,0.00025302655,0.00036931175,0.00018408992,0.00011494807],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016522531,0.00005446256,0.969775,0.000026415659,0.000054251574,0.00034252883,0.0014339419,0.0010672729,0.021421155,0.00009265321,0.00021749649,0.0053495793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000017044562,0.0000136087765,0.99790347,0.0000026140115,0.0000061298742,0.000033397977,0.00048358066,0.0010553945,0.0003221099,0.000009394028,0.00016356897,0.000005045968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8971127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9686354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10288727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0058906055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020093196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20698637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362581142","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007322","title":"Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in Permafrost Peatlands Remain Negligible After Wildfire and Thermokarst Disturbance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Center for Northern Studies; Université de Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Thermokarst; Permafrost; Peat; Bog; Nitrous oxide; Boreal; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Taiga; Carbon dioxide; Environmental chemistry; Atmospheric sciences; Soil carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Soil science; Soil water; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.048743985475866905,"score_gpt":0.3127941535581681,"score_spread":0.2640501680823012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362581142","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998097,0.000012232217,0.00001635753,0.0000017051082,3.1126717e-7,8.284641e-7,0.000045089146,0.0000020163834,0.000111667294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996685,0.000013799402,0.00004254011,0.000004123197,4.581221e-7,0.000001855244,0.00014998371,0.0000014189748,0.000117260126],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999936,0.0000036416543,0.0000027770484,0.000016563128,0.000012449904,0.000028711876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998215,0.000017097162,0.000043015683,0.0000102516615,0.000049073522,0.000059072045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010155369,0.00015629023,0.0002077535,0.00028119315,0.00063133787,0.00048885937,0.0002585097,0.00019567955,0.0004798428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019358327,0.00015548874,0.00012756744,0.00024034388,0.00035317484,0.00023296765,0.00020795428,0.00016135583,0.000058535137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00055767613,0.00005671621,0.8952547,0.000028699675,0.000053348995,0.00019906595,0.000604624,0.00045764542,0.09772532,0.000039755632,0.00007113495,0.004951398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010085662,0.000009462273,0.9989624,8.358454e-7,0.000002803864,0.000013929123,0.00012569947,0.00015767403,0.0006870495,0.000005628068,0.00003256122,9.446706e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2699101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.50843775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2699101,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012033117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007682702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5366781},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4364363205","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007096","title":"Nonlinear Growth and Physiological Responses of White Spruce at North American Arctic Treeline","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of International Science and Engineering; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Arctic; Environmental science; Climate change; Global warming; Dendrochronology; Ecology; Climatology; Dendroclimatology; Isotopes of carbon; Basal area; Sea ice; Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Biology; Geology; Total organic carbon","score_opus":0.0712809103631524,"score_gpt":0.33597401600823806,"score_spread":0.26469310564508564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4364363205","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997137,0.000023360915,0.000044315464,0.000002867292,6.230177e-7,9.4676693e-7,0.00010727222,0.0000024057929,0.000104506325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994449,0.000028705714,0.00010224923,0.000005930836,9.951248e-7,0.0000026201076,0.00026795673,0.0000016296723,0.00014509198],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989367,0.000014752817,0.0000035809232,0.000029452067,0.000034615096,0.000023985247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964046,0.000041800322,0.00007230098,0.000019285217,0.00016008122,0.00006610521],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002774402,0.00023210252,0.00022107486,0.00040427697,0.00040604902,0.0003484652,0.0001587556,0.00017764296,0.00035654413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033897668,0.00013852381,0.00013833572,0.0003336905,0.00016595554,0.00015844135,0.0001779897,0.00014462347,0.00007981864],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019334815,0.000045379045,0.9382238,0.000017025519,0.000064290296,0.000078789046,0.0003879043,0.0007285996,0.057021216,0.000029085606,0.00010464045,0.0031059894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.9974286e-7,0.000015196724,0.9990433,7.129191e-7,0.0000035363157,0.00001717116,0.00009429352,0.000251476,0.00050459703,0.000004369041,0.00006334771,0.0000013522247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16108936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.37708285,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83891064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00073456834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046910814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32030344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366206185","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007516","title":"Shining a Spotlight on Our 2022 Reviewers for <i>JGR</i>: <i>Biogeosciences</i>","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Computer science","score_opus":0.08264665968386532,"score_gpt":0.3851665147327322,"score_spread":0.3025198550488669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366206185","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00010778547,0.003706644,0.00048472325,0.066245824,0.9275179,0.00003750156,0.00024672833,0.00026548433,0.0013874539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0017635362,0.007382788,0.0016124193,0.057344813,0.9022867,0.0001193481,0.0006450261,0.0013098016,0.027535513],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9830634,0.0026720837,0.0024599442,0.0018703021,0.008841075,0.001093187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.74640715,0.020483788,0.010967884,0.006065859,0.18632461,0.029750735],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.028568417,0.0026553946,0.0037280452,0.007600972,0.004328542,0.020185366,0.0035643175,0.009007259,0.049606476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.109049544,0.0011716383,0.0023850652,0.0050973925,0.0034211772,0.009300606,0.0037329225,0.0109458985,0.046416257],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012891299,0.0000032803678,0.00005798914,0.00008922132,0.0000063854545,0.00002680323,0.000018159406,0.000008929396,0.000072555784,0.00014632371,0.99650514,0.0030523003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022586792,0.000015069427,0.00046000484,0.00027823925,0.000029376168,0.000101019155,0.0001920141,0.000081197504,0.00017404114,0.0010047989,0.99760324,0.000038462673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003691583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01073768,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9714316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0034588347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010658086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16595018},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366260597","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007261","title":"Differential Controls of Greenhouse Gas (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O) Concentrations in Natural and Constructed Agricultural Waterbodies on the Northern Great Plains","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan; University of Regina","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Regina","keywords":"Agriculture; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Natural gas; Environmental chemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Geography; Chemistry; Geology; Archaeology; Ecology; Oceanography; Biology","score_opus":0.014882680173607716,"score_gpt":0.24632164514955857,"score_spread":0.23143896497595084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366260597","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99987006,0.000003451711,0.000020883432,0.0000015955778,1.5474615e-7,0.0000011427946,0.000031096228,0.0000012622758,0.00007033816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997478,0.0000056159834,0.000058777787,0.000002267678,1.6378542e-7,0.0000019600986,0.00006994395,0.0000010243122,0.00011249698],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999074,0.000008675565,0.0000033601007,0.000029282859,0.000016791357,0.000034568064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998186,0.000022481641,0.0000379141,0.000009535272,0.00005463901,0.000056882163],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008046978,0.00012668883,0.00018519218,0.0002670127,0.0005698889,0.000468129,0.0002668979,0.00015226676,0.00040498786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023628489,0.00016994627,0.000184891,0.00036708842,0.0007930502,0.00018142363,0.00040892587,0.00010711989,0.0000405027],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003318089,0.0000514314,0.93137544,0.00001994061,0.00005838066,0.00017894064,0.0008469365,0.0016558169,0.06287156,0.00015569155,0.00008853255,0.0023655884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000028720415,0.000018360646,0.99721646,7.920751e-7,0.000006036669,0.000019275678,0.0003911232,0.0013294911,0.0009253694,0.000018531458,0.00006907825,0.0000026170994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4900536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6884519,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4900536,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0027711252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015255851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9744023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366990914","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007072","title":"Continental and Glacial Runoff Fingerprints in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the Inuit Nunangat Ocean","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia Graduate School; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Surface runoff; Arctic; Oceanography; Glacial period; Archipelago; Environmental science; Permafrost; Climate change; Streamflow; Biogeochemical cycle; Geology; Ecology; Drainage basin; Geography","score_opus":0.07165663748011018,"score_gpt":0.31935683423458167,"score_spread":0.24770019675447147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366990914","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981109,0.000063752974,0.000032864074,0.000033104207,0.0000017694236,0.000007947602,0.0009727071,0.0000073944557,0.00076964125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99887174,0.000056157223,0.000089053625,0.000015751417,8.0239465e-7,0.0000061179253,0.0007359958,0.000003441031,0.00022094102],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982363,0.000020263076,0.000008440883,0.000052740885,0.000043082528,0.000051887026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996158,0.00004593951,0.000057748137,0.000027964616,0.00017509701,0.00007741171],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002661242,0.00035530582,0.00020288344,0.00090041105,0.0013870497,0.0008786718,0.0004898195,0.00021398382,0.0009047433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000796602,0.00016759535,0.00035569284,0.0016625909,0.00052263314,0.00026367238,0.00046582276,0.00021799043,0.00008926086],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016958348,0.00005130512,0.98511535,0.00003479854,0.00012224009,0.00012062402,0.0007079111,0.0038530175,0.004921526,0.00018228177,0.0005672716,0.0041540232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004146322,0.0000084629755,0.99668854,0.000004348061,0.00001625833,0.000014446039,0.0005219978,0.0019756416,0.00029809526,0.00002029628,0.00043969767,0.000008043599],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9864377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99121815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013562322,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.011127909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0055402904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08073896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379800091","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007294","title":"Understanding the Physical Forcings Behind the Biogeochemical Productivity of the Hudson Bay Complex","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Alberta; Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Bay; Biogeochemical cycle; Oceanography; Sea ice; Phytoplankton; Marine ecosystem; Productivity; Ecosystem; Climatology; Nutrient; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.14608823353185008,"score_gpt":0.33080817140125995,"score_spread":0.18471993786940988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379800091","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985378,0.000033640776,0.0002347527,0.000151891,0.000008429078,0.000006198461,0.00034707572,0.000024520112,0.0006556806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99955946,0.000021693068,0.000140593,0.000012985717,0.000002086891,0.000003585268,0.0001384104,0.00000372591,0.000117515],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998714,0.000026181138,0.000009493436,0.00004093949,0.000015208044,0.00003673101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996742,0.00010023919,0.000053514,0.000027504017,0.000067752626,0.00007673953],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038308173,0.0004269333,0.00022215207,0.0004084473,0.00041580384,0.0011175702,0.00049700757,0.0004679793,0.0014050445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012287316,0.00029440253,0.0004495603,0.0004294428,0.0004229431,0.0004899192,0.00052696257,0.00041385292,0.000073479074],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018125161,0.00013281217,0.5881041,0.000063283995,0.00016736213,0.00045255056,0.0002521914,0.39374,0.008552739,0.0018681736,0.0014965356,0.0049890634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000083419516,0.000048704555,0.38444448,0.000021429809,0.000047581758,0.00002966214,0.00056884374,0.61216813,0.0010840708,0.00053625694,0.0009343933,0.000032998614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.47474542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.31109554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47474542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00465429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002205542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9439642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384694928","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007712","title":"Update on Our Action Plan for Equity, Inclusion, and Diversity in Publishing at <i>JGR: Biogeosciences</i>","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Inclusion (mineral); Diversity (politics); Publishing; Equity (law); Demographics; Public relations; Plan (archaeology); Action plan; Political science; Psychology; Sociology; Social psychology; Management; Geography; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.6923968225552624,"score_gpt":0.6083435388265318,"score_spread":0.08405328372873055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4384694928","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007207204,0.0013847303,0.005803497,0.93174684,0.05011624,0.001402329,0.00087497366,0.0013378826,0.006612829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013032045,0.0042918646,0.10172198,0.7927872,0.042907447,0.007064036,0.0020495893,0.0017051877,0.03444067],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.7139039,0.111451976,0.05784307,0.008046279,0.094102435,0.014652302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.21898818,0.2737129,0.05185301,0.037330817,0.32378408,0.094331004],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.37248796,0.0017255496,0.002823543,0.01000558,0.012608061,0.03384844,0.011552447,0.048640363,0.023315411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.59255624,0.002991819,0.0050733704,0.0069817733,0.0074933087,0.023846854,0.01829868,0.046503592,0.022583291],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049860122,0.00014037918,0.0008426656,0.00053841004,0.000045352677,0.00021937262,0.0012354329,0.00016736024,0.0002893342,0.004841935,0.9613836,0.030246362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010952876,0.00008890158,0.0019347914,0.0017907991,0.00006615349,0.00021921813,0.0015304519,0.00039200796,0.0004438509,0.006678791,0.986558,0.0001875181],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016857175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028149936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98844755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.018500885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.14429416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77383405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384818250","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007315","title":"Combination of Vegetation Indices and SIF Can Better Track Phenological Metrics and Gross Primary Production","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Phenology; Environmental science; Primary production; Vegetation (pathology); Atmospheric sciences; Growing season; Climatology; Ecosystem; Ecology; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.039392137478207356,"score_gpt":0.3057602030702997,"score_spread":0.26636806559209236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4384818250","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98201585,0.0003821953,0.015928945,0.000030046023,0.00001880847,0.000015549305,0.00071411923,0.00028457653,0.0006098556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98696077,0.000051028906,0.012149656,0.000013078201,0.000009772605,0.000011130479,0.00059344474,0.000017499884,0.00019362746],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999689,0.000055528995,0.000017359549,0.00014259372,0.00005759583,0.000037930808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994531,0.0001611297,0.0001273591,0.000046655226,0.00015566818,0.00005605749],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082079635,0.000692251,0.0004349011,0.0016602506,0.00025021992,0.0006314026,0.00024932402,0.00033639447,0.0004909973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010161191,0.00023474674,0.00039546902,0.0013762724,0.00015690485,0.00085667905,0.0002895548,0.0002577345,0.00018507216],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013455057,0.00008250539,0.9049563,0.00008636189,0.00034290313,0.00006396704,0.00009062308,0.010839638,0.027909556,0.000093037954,0.00065072416,0.05474988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009882471,0.00005221539,0.87081003,0.00001150145,0.000083849656,0.00007388254,0.000096023046,0.12529741,0.002839274,0.00014756406,0.0005556948,0.00002262722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010016496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024388582,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010016496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002989786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003003631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019916415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385235285","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007553","title":"A Practical Algorithm for Correcting Topographical Effects on Global GPP Products","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment; Youth Innovation Promotion Association; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Mean squared error; Environmental science; Primary production; Redistribution (election); High resolution; Remote sensing; Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Meteorology; Mathematics; Ecosystem; Statistics; Geography; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.055397249858797355,"score_gpt":0.38507959731747493,"score_spread":0.3296823474586776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385235285","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016820138,0.000053525422,0.9795872,0.000050526098,0.00003950882,0.000113608505,0.00008160422,0.0027366092,0.0005171682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09346997,0.00006105378,0.90457225,0.00003636486,0.000028214981,0.0002663365,0.0003002789,0.00019836059,0.0010670547],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996344,0.00006125403,0.00003664754,0.00011586795,0.00011558818,0.000036149322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991246,0.00025622163,0.00008117194,0.00009301289,0.0004235595,0.000021412743],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011444069,0.0011333439,0.0006268594,0.0012482093,0.0006508553,0.0011066414,0.001127798,0.0007258651,0.0030878566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004097469,0.00056211464,0.00053401367,0.0013265571,0.00037314833,0.0006584084,0.00078045414,0.0009559746,0.001378251],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001145974,0.00008856179,0.0036333036,0.00009100369,0.00010394257,0.00010246781,0.00013884455,0.28989208,0.012735926,0.0035624122,0.0036220078,0.6859148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025721938,0.000025492045,0.0012474824,0.0000074517147,0.000013862864,0.000028490467,0.000021282669,0.992262,0.003654866,0.0010641705,0.0016388114,0.000010257996],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012462223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009545039,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012462223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000607532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016374245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02477938},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385728752","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007515","title":"Distinct Modes of Aged Soil Carbon Export in a Large Tropical Lake Basin Identified Using Bulk and Compound‐Specific Radiocarbon Analyses of Fluvial and Lacustrine Sediment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; McGill University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Fluvial; Total organic carbon; Sediment; Drainage basin; Geology; Organic matter; Sedimentary rock; Radiocarbon dating; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Geochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Structural basin; Geomorphology; Chemistry; Geography; Paleontology","score_opus":0.10678392043624528,"score_gpt":0.3627404715647335,"score_spread":0.2559565511284882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385728752","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99982387,0.000021797134,0.000020204092,0.000005117513,1.3091152e-7,0.0000014534132,0.000054609085,0.000004116604,0.00006870344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997004,0.000021270824,0.00008755621,0.0000072757384,9.948136e-7,0.000005055854,0.00010536868,0.000002545159,0.000069615635],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991095,0.000010919414,0.0000060773605,0.000026282845,0.000012860057,0.000032862365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981076,0.00002678878,0.00007402251,0.000012363751,0.000036787253,0.000039216786],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015818307,0.00027259477,0.0002720114,0.0012998905,0.00063266995,0.00054188684,0.0002722792,0.00023704351,0.00054913864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033187418,0.00022578094,0.00020942133,0.0011757805,0.00062605337,0.00033019995,0.0007915372,0.00010704363,0.00006963816],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019023828,0.00001987479,0.9462493,0.00004835992,0.00008545086,0.00043914473,0.0019684809,0.00025741346,0.046104513,0.000070149,0.00005508847,0.004511961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016897737,0.0000093642,0.9992818,0.00000132391,0.000006704468,0.000029208106,0.00015616874,0.00021365797,0.00024107861,0.000007479896,0.00004959429,0.0000019592896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04658666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.080969796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04658666,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010611862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036787282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09263098},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386735346","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007561","title":"Carbon Stocks and Recent Rates of Carbon Sequestration in Nutrient‐Rich Freshwater Wetlands From Lake Simcoe Watershed (Southern Canada)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Wetland; Swamp; Marsh; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil water; Carbon sequestration; Total organic carbon; Peat; Watershed; Ombrotrophic; Ecology; Bog; Geology; Carbon dioxide; Soil science","score_opus":0.02982505684124763,"score_gpt":0.29316646971563204,"score_spread":0.2633414128743844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386735346","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994848,0.00004527763,0.00001662557,0.00001500452,4.0380013e-7,0.0000016248396,0.00025454792,0.0000024465908,0.00017936279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99935704,0.00003673761,0.00004863653,0.0000067734973,6.165243e-7,0.0000017437204,0.00033851957,9.721642e-7,0.00020896627],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999198,0.0000046960376,0.0000049123646,0.000019014982,0.000025546711,0.000026111065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947757,0.000028315228,0.000100871606,0.00001464722,0.0002516362,0.00012695174],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019721285,0.0001544691,0.00014753907,0.0011002341,0.000864904,0.00056807866,0.00033440767,0.00017507405,0.0007436986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052781636,0.00012573757,0.00013424159,0.0012034154,0.00046668277,0.0002277606,0.0003517287,0.0001466736,0.00008199388],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030022416,0.0000072631665,0.99595934,0.000010686614,0.00002641232,0.000046504018,0.0004032973,0.00011568234,0.0014185827,0.000028122957,0.0000993038,0.0018546935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.986814e-7,0.0000024399799,0.9994331,0.0000018794401,0.0000035786798,0.000013027039,0.00021680593,0.00013325308,0.00007778204,0.000004043829,0.00011156754,0.0000017085183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9408406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9819089,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.059159398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0054321084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002819545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.119015574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386862397","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007176","title":"Seasonal Snowpack Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry on a High Arctic Ice Cap Reveals Negligible Autotrophic Activity During Spring and Summer Melt","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Polar Research and Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; China Scholarship Council; Queen's University; University of Bristol; Commonwealth Scholarship Commission","keywords":"Snowpack; Biogeochemistry; Snow; Environmental science; Snowmelt; Ecology; Arctic; Ecosystem; Glacial period; Autotroph; Biogeochemical cycle; Atmospheric sciences; Biology; Geology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.03022740605933951,"score_gpt":0.31390747460212554,"score_spread":0.28368006854278605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386862397","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997503,0.000031851672,0.000023904493,0.0000017320139,7.685882e-7,0.0000010077142,0.000072834155,0.0000016572636,0.000115952804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995253,0.00002946051,0.0000728113,0.0000049798173,0.0000022736797,0.000002360605,0.00026039395,0.0000015412932,0.00010093686],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999448,0.0000062113404,0.0000030834344,0.000016556436,0.000009618294,0.000019644123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998969,0.000013130808,0.000024802956,0.00000539842,0.000021968606,0.000037849],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000120102,0.0002423525,0.00034051583,0.0005502142,0.00045782188,0.0004582845,0.00014843157,0.00017636165,0.00048887054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000116213625,0.00013215888,0.00024075463,0.00031271687,0.00023742714,0.00016253775,0.00022963477,0.00011983156,0.000098079385],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00064152625,0.00006768747,0.8708693,0.00004217936,0.000118422824,0.00026018498,0.00057313807,0.0005712827,0.1216502,0.000043708813,0.0001110023,0.005051462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.4801595e-7,0.00003154795,0.999067,0.0000013302716,0.0000063860166,0.000020588026,0.00009529689,0.0002384383,0.0004871982,0.000003207106,0.00004731095,8.5841054e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034211222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.048958033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034211222,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003780399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002387376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06802416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386965271","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007534","title":"Evidence for a Temporary Positive Priming Effect in Aquatic Systems With Certain Substrates and Isotopic Discrimination of DOM Sources","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Microcosm; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Nutrient; Microbial population biology; Chemistry; Aquatic ecosystem; Biodegradation; Organic matter; Microbial biodegradation; Bacterial growth; Stable isotope ratio; Microorganism; Bacteria; Biology","score_opus":0.07360413216827665,"score_gpt":0.3298524375190551,"score_spread":0.2562483053507784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386965271","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99597734,0.00075152953,0.0016046963,0.00006120316,0.0000210009,0.000036981208,0.0002610507,0.00007276489,0.0012134758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974927,0.00019476052,0.001553664,0.00006388683,0.000008419237,0.00003835753,0.00016141628,0.000012244906,0.00047456182],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997763,0.00004127641,0.000017916076,0.00006652606,0.000059308255,0.000038684262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889237,0.00040863262,0.00024372929,0.00011885544,0.00017550241,0.00016084439],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003355537,0.00036065848,0.00038086774,0.00023491352,0.0001863892,0.0003470691,0.00022057776,0.0004610368,0.0013015802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00091269286,0.00026516657,0.0002580182,0.00016949848,0.00036618946,0.00035201063,0.00057971006,0.000467047,0.00029545755],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016766026,0.000014570639,0.0014956577,0.0000708758,0.000004658322,0.000052965803,0.000018116167,0.000026014688,0.99638003,0.000019874682,0.000020190242,0.0017293331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018428389,0.0016072494,0.13928002,0.000028324135,0.000038109312,0.00044531,0.00011087731,0.0009134581,0.85605603,0.00016739259,0.0013074628,0.000027332579],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042328957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040760284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013015802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019529706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021226915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0043542385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387104077","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007602","title":"Influence of Wildfire on Downstream Transport of Dissolved Carbon, Nutrients, and Mercury in the Permafrost Zone of Boreal Western Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Government of Northwest Territories; Wilfrid Laurier University; Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Alberta","funders":"Division of Antarctic Infrastructure and Logistics; Environment and Natural Resources, Northwest Territories; Polar Knowledge Canada","keywords":"Permafrost; Environmental science; Watershed; Taiga; Surface runoff; Nutrient; Hydrology (agriculture); Boreal; Dissolved organic carbon; Water quality; Mercury (programming language); Aquatic ecosystem; Climate change; STREAMS; Total organic carbon; Ecosystem; Peat; Physical geography; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Geography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.036440121449255965,"score_gpt":0.2934945839039389,"score_spread":0.25705446245468294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387104077","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993499,0.000028294688,0.000022404274,0.000018934803,0.000001150884,0.0000022745492,0.00031629205,0.0000028936977,0.00025784914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993411,0.000040818857,0.000060912676,0.000012134878,9.0360186e-7,0.0000019609129,0.00031309758,0.0000013551739,0.00022777898],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998512,0.000015129448,0.000008272311,0.00003212902,0.000041911055,0.000051317795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994479,0.00007555776,0.00009134193,0.000023371591,0.00021869515,0.00014302398],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023200939,0.00018635773,0.00019622754,0.00048631843,0.00085210736,0.0006822135,0.000421114,0.00016881234,0.00063086394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006738337,0.00011943583,0.00019777345,0.0007571457,0.0004788219,0.00015173078,0.00029584483,0.00020722608,0.00005257566],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006372386,0.00002846428,0.9954976,0.0000069760767,0.000030683706,0.000075523705,0.00024152885,0.00048197128,0.0012464088,0.00003615134,0.0001756962,0.0021153695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014614205,0.0000060152183,0.99897385,0.0000021850344,0.0000060530833,0.000011661983,0.00035825986,0.00040226267,0.00012254876,0.000008016998,0.00010558603,0.0000021490057],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9708072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98861814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029192805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005657933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0058698137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05872941},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387736263","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007482","title":"Anthropogenic Perturbations Change the Quality and Quantity of Terrestrial Carbon Flux to the Coastal Ocean","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"China Scholarship Council; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Environmental science; Watershed; Sink (geography); Oceanography; Carbon flux; Sediment; Hydrology (agriculture); Geography; Geology; Ecosystem; Ecology","score_opus":0.14398942774170084,"score_gpt":0.371385836772734,"score_spread":0.22739640903103317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387736263","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99906665,0.000046484525,0.00006287179,0.000019994366,0.0000012681146,0.0000010063943,0.00015835554,0.000005638863,0.0006376183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995553,0.00007951581,0.00007177272,0.000010685781,0.0000019708468,0.000001230507,0.00012453338,0.0000016401966,0.00015333842],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994206,0.000007689589,0.0000046985883,0.000020481415,0.0000144408505,0.000010645945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978656,0.000026320558,0.000079237885,0.00001968497,0.00006345514,0.00002480306],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001110968,0.00016167523,0.000117272175,0.0005183791,0.0001938851,0.0005040882,0.00012625082,0.00014944957,0.0011399013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033917566,0.00012301182,0.00011192364,0.0007370204,0.00037531924,0.00028601298,0.0003002025,0.00011002105,0.00013406007],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013231521,0.000026882159,0.8978471,0.00004206242,0.00008614145,0.00030157785,0.00021134739,0.0011503812,0.08690806,0.00015579618,0.00018752505,0.012950808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000015125499,0.00001586142,0.9969375,0.0000023505447,0.000006350679,0.00003680758,0.00015118865,0.00035093515,0.0021481153,0.000034404275,0.00031219143,0.0000027651058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012649259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012971272,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012649259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003759067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025323385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.025151253},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387954296","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007558","title":"Contrasting Impacts of Agricultural Intensification and Urbanization on Lake Phosphorus Cycling and Implications for Managing Eutrophication","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University; Stillwater (Canada); Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Eutrophication; Environmental science; Watershed; Urbanization; Water quality; Hydrology (agriculture); Hypolimnion; Biogeochemistry; Soil salinity; Water resource management; Ecology; Soil water; Oceanography; Nutrient; Geology","score_opus":0.039295214968028576,"score_gpt":0.3211894554026049,"score_spread":0.28189424043457634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387954296","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981086,0.000061329265,0.000040801264,0.00010278648,9.1878786e-7,0.0000050509148,0.000059275037,0.000001991405,0.0016192241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996964,0.00006412471,0.000049463022,0.000012159526,8.3325887e-7,0.0000022061683,0.00002193406,7.0627846e-7,0.00015218272],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998368,0.00004697872,0.000005559187,0.000018288885,0.000029886278,0.00006236956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997614,0.000045347468,0.000067515866,0.0000070058823,0.000057777816,0.00006098376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028281708,0.00012817589,0.000112609516,0.00031195962,0.00047844683,0.0008171133,0.00017899009,0.00016341716,0.00093120645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046575285,0.00004810819,0.00010965791,0.00062868063,0.00093341956,0.00025779838,0.0004264194,0.00013115242,0.000041156705],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007684898,0.00021205402,0.92697537,0.00012134207,0.00013331269,0.0014618805,0.002067537,0.006768114,0.029978316,0.0024476298,0.00092617684,0.028139822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007409137,0.00006116399,0.99495935,0.00000524676,0.000016381176,0.00004312368,0.0018955828,0.0010486768,0.0007334208,0.0001964597,0.0010286127,0.0000046160967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1727089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.38659897,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1727089,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0047995267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023649638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3434072},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388524212","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007259","title":"Characterizing Performance of Freshwater Wetland Methane Models Across Time Scales at FLUXNET‐CH <sub>4</sub> Sites Using Wavelet Analyses","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal; Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science; Canada Research Chairs; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Environmental science; Eddy covariance; Replicate; Wetland; Tundra; Temporal scales; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Statistics; Arctic; Ecology; Mathematics; Ecosystem; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.07074724591332977,"score_gpt":0.3405780156649408,"score_spread":0.269830769751611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388524212","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99781275,0.000012912142,0.0017036813,0.000028253186,0.0000040696946,0.0000050801564,0.00010513723,0.000072011484,0.00025611545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99893755,0.0000071652375,0.00083327346,0.0000046307136,0.0000015656743,0.0000057095426,0.00015182275,0.000009759734,0.000048589605],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997743,0.00008889716,0.000019443672,0.000048025802,0.000030908705,0.00003848144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884254,0.00066354906,0.00013564086,0.00012228319,0.00016711197,0.000068955254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014892869,0.00054030505,0.00029669335,0.00041614246,0.000288335,0.0005685152,0.00059418706,0.00059246935,0.00045396786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002712652,0.00021785349,0.0006641368,0.00032213447,0.0002447825,0.0006455053,0.00037521173,0.00037885163,0.00009851074],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034003737,0.00015984943,0.09069353,0.00001869937,0.00012828654,0.00007448712,0.00004694704,0.89646214,0.0048369793,0.0002557687,0.00025489938,0.0067282952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012934724,0.000060225782,0.010304818,0.0000020437208,0.0000124317785,0.0000054206,0.00002354215,0.9880888,0.001385606,0.000061610204,0.000034979385,0.0000075675143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028785892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015808431,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028785892,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00074480503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043858855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05723667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389068802","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007601","title":"Transitions in Dissolved Organic Phosphorus and Dissolved Organic Carbon Across a Freshwater Estuary Gradient","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Trent University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Estuary; Tributary; Environmental science; Eutrophication; Hydrology (agriculture); Phosphorus; Water quality; Transect; Ecosystem; Organic matter; Sink (geography); Phytoplankton; Environmental chemistry; Oceanography; Nutrient; Ecology; Chemistry; Geology; Geography; Biology","score_opus":0.023926912134048173,"score_gpt":0.30023214795762593,"score_spread":0.27630523582357774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389068802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996724,0.000014823488,0.000029647781,0.0000049010014,5.7175606e-7,0.0000012644224,0.0000820932,0.0000028932072,0.00019137365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994506,0.000021708003,0.00009270843,0.000010600906,8.820253e-7,0.0000044788453,0.00016964605,0.000001803845,0.00024763896],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991226,0.000009369269,0.0000071024,0.000029387687,0.000020244453,0.0000215674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997633,0.00003345499,0.000058203208,0.000009562536,0.00008900552,0.00004642994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012029455,0.00015235155,0.00024826583,0.00057685445,0.00043291078,0.0006689978,0.00018109198,0.00023638294,0.000452725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024630563,0.00019670524,0.00012263388,0.0007500312,0.0002769188,0.0002838233,0.0004990724,0.00023950046,0.000093692724],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021829334,0.000063562075,0.93087715,0.00003012073,0.00007324033,0.00019124086,0.0006309258,0.00026494,0.06377914,0.0000605494,0.00011909721,0.003691784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001410466,0.000026853346,0.9986712,0.0000013864193,0.00000647115,0.000020364445,0.00028440834,0.00014596661,0.00072321383,0.0000068516497,0.00010970116,0.0000023300693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019688742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.045457337,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019688742,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043206688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003480389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03914833},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389119053","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007537","title":"The Role of Boreal Seagrass Meadows in the Coastal Filter","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal plant biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Zostera marina; Seagrass; Environmental science; Nutrient; Sediment; Ecosystem; Boreal; Oceanography; Blue carbon; Ecology; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.03688925368557047,"score_gpt":0.2991796751548737,"score_spread":0.26229042146930326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389119053","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995123,0.00006199344,0.00003421586,0.000010455021,7.530566e-7,0.0000011633375,0.000067493835,0.0000023362304,0.00030934266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99969697,0.000036050224,0.000089629764,0.000009375705,9.06427e-7,8.2053646e-7,0.000056623474,8.9382553e-7,0.000108714004],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999068,0.000013493539,0.000007115839,0.000030330104,0.000014746062,0.000027441136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960834,0.000038374317,0.00014690416,0.00001742557,0.000092805334,0.000096148426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001615669,0.00015482107,0.0001509996,0.00042412427,0.0005605633,0.0007430359,0.00016550532,0.00011389376,0.00051457953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028426145,0.000108754226,0.00009804151,0.00041336418,0.00039901945,0.00022978392,0.00029274027,0.000096089854,0.000052231844],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066813656,0.000012281113,0.9851328,0.000013105921,0.000037854803,0.00005967904,0.0002730989,0.00008378032,0.009619823,0.00004398707,0.000087484244,0.0045692907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.02766e-7,0.0000068223785,0.99961144,0.000001664071,0.0000032857893,0.000011148688,0.00016311272,0.00004125186,0.00007207658,0.0000042094716,0.00008351714,9.300116e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22417809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5642428,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22417809,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000826097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006662618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44574642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389485490","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007605","title":"Limited Mitigation Potential of Forestation Under a High Emissions Scenario: Results From Multi‐Model and Single Model Ensembles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Afforestation; Environmental science; Carbon sink; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Coupled model intercomparison project; Climate model; Carbon sequestration; Atmospheric carbon cycle; Atmospheric sciences; Vegetation (pathology); Global warming; Climatology; Carbon dioxide; Agroforestry; Ecology","score_opus":0.04673407359870715,"score_gpt":0.30069604368057434,"score_spread":0.2539619700818672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389485490","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99447554,0.00020850058,0.0014294725,0.00027048835,0.000043739914,0.000020620997,0.0015237211,0.00020948777,0.0018184262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978682,0.000044792596,0.0007506319,0.000051822306,0.000015561762,0.000024744442,0.0009785674,0.000032056858,0.00023354968],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995634,0.0001888115,0.000027010517,0.000091530375,0.00003594884,0.00009315878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862134,0.00083053834,0.000103390754,0.00015911873,0.00015290061,0.00013274926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018246927,0.0015731294,0.0016486775,0.00068044185,0.0008181433,0.0011412036,0.0011663084,0.0019840894,0.0013457182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019155737,0.0005408724,0.0025836097,0.00063744636,0.00084171025,0.0013678995,0.0008223519,0.001442291,0.00016982527],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018647245,0.000113446724,0.00732348,0.000039851468,0.00034590357,0.000066171,0.0000186797,0.9887587,0.0010852591,0.00019701802,0.00053365773,0.0013314486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014764634,0.00015996776,0.0071088043,0.000010234368,0.00018769328,0.000017409795,0.000056712714,0.99024934,0.0012689842,0.00046031433,0.00028356467,0.000049339633],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.032974336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018354064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032974336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009942055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010288258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06556481},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389579085","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007621","title":"Compost Amendment to a Grazed California Annual Grassland Increases Gross Primary Productivity Due To a Longer Growing Season","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kensington Health","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Governor's Office of Planning and Research; Johns Hopkins University","keywords":"Amendment; Compost; Environmental science; Primary production; Growing season; Ecosystem; Agronomy; Productivity; Grassland; Carbon sequestration; Eddy covariance; Soil carbon; Ecosystem respiration; Rangeland; Soil water; Agroforestry; Ecology; Soil science; Biology; Carbon dioxide","score_opus":0.022291051038079344,"score_gpt":0.29881649544011085,"score_spread":0.27652544440203153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389579085","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994754,0.000087806395,0.00010567935,0.000014889572,0.0000061834066,0.0000060023553,0.00008760615,0.00002235791,0.00019413156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99882776,0.000050536357,0.00038023992,0.00002302183,0.000004087712,0.000010660643,0.0001415412,0.0000052398295,0.00055697456],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983335,0.000018872772,0.000011818898,0.00005157608,0.000039234652,0.000045114688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993656,0.0001005971,0.00019200181,0.000059266258,0.000097693315,0.0001847409],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020753652,0.00026880993,0.00030944592,0.00022767743,0.00025833183,0.0004637122,0.0002682674,0.00023311007,0.0013454466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022312834,0.00018960999,0.00021420143,0.0001309159,0.00023656692,0.00016557098,0.0001632963,0.0003610618,0.00010503541],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001700364,0.00030481876,0.016826382,0.00010355687,0.000051562383,0.000066366076,0.000034891713,0.000446539,0.9755789,0.000015800711,0.00012880881,0.0047420273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000084185354,0.004405364,0.74705195,0.000023147419,0.00010931862,0.00013623007,0.0003045847,0.004393078,0.24088104,0.00006586186,0.0025170883,0.000028158118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008507984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01930391,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008507984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006537395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043100654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01691693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389985651","doi":"10.1029/2022jg007200","title":"A Novel High‐Resolution In Situ Tool for Studying Carbon Biogeochemical Processes in Aquatic Systems: The Lake Aiguebelette Case Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"European Research Council; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Littoral zone; Biogeochemical cycle; Dissolved organic carbon; Pelagic zone; Methane; Isotopes of carbon; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Carbon cycle; Aquatic ecosystem; In situ; Atmosphere (unit); Surface water; Carbon dioxide; Chemistry; Oceanography; Ecosystem; Total organic carbon; Geology; Ecology; Meteorology; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.04423662467426388,"score_gpt":0.3139698503846363,"score_spread":0.26973322571037245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389985651","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99587554,0.00013327415,0.0019503623,0.00007728846,0.0000030056085,0.00003323761,0.00032587047,0.00007285826,0.0015286502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933867,0.00007741373,0.0054993588,0.000015932836,0.000005596025,0.000030151938,0.00019565182,0.000008007546,0.00078128563],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998425,0.000027297905,0.000003921008,0.000045887748,0.000040853363,0.00003944748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987745,0.00002564779,0.000025017895,0.000012839015,0.000037082285,0.00002193707],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017436701,0.00037475754,0.00031614382,0.00078222126,0.0008531429,0.00056011387,0.00053254847,0.0007629752,0.000725835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015791888,0.00023653352,0.00020202194,0.00089649373,0.0003176447,0.0003033766,0.0005231298,0.00028554868,0.00012818567],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007222194,0.0007829777,0.27812245,0.0003015736,0.0002107949,0.010490282,0.0040282356,0.029475873,0.59893376,0.0010458073,0.0023744637,0.07351159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014101662,0.0007105667,0.80632496,0.000049893584,0.00011800597,0.0017050998,0.0035934143,0.09902418,0.07024314,0.0004966706,0.017473998,0.00011903396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06862062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.102729455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06862062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000879276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003888354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13644242},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390393366","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007745","title":"A Comprehensive Biogeochemical Assessment of Climate‐Threatened Glacial River Headwaters on the Eastern Slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Alberta; University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Conservation Association; National Geographic Society","keywords":"Glacier; Biogeochemical cycle; Glacial period; Hydrology (agriculture); Climate change; Environmental science; Physical geography; Snow; Drainage basin; Watershed; Geology; Ecology; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Geography","score_opus":0.08403628529494193,"score_gpt":0.3354913186027403,"score_spread":0.25145503330779834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390393366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909451,0.00023334814,0.00018552277,0.000059061633,0.0000019914567,0.00002471147,0.0073346333,0.000025042089,0.0011904757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99132407,0.00015919139,0.00088757393,0.000032705422,0.0000024550313,0.000020995885,0.007088728,0.000006351716,0.00047792884],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996137,0.000031398038,0.000019721248,0.00007786037,0.00015161143,0.000105818326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999032,0.000056510795,0.00015310667,0.000054333617,0.0005510103,0.00015300374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005184821,0.00040860442,0.00026053918,0.0020968975,0.0014490052,0.0011162743,0.0006761927,0.00025547246,0.0005176276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089815323,0.00017980037,0.00044243308,0.0037167878,0.00043129854,0.00025272733,0.0005756343,0.0002272346,0.000089106754],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000310414,0.000020097434,0.98306584,0.000040507395,0.0001568925,0.000091999726,0.00037545394,0.0038247828,0.0015397456,0.00019662784,0.0012736388,0.00938336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018256261,0.0000064343117,0.9959507,0.000010336182,0.000019901085,0.000015210541,0.00041108375,0.0020527137,0.00013191205,0.00001940838,0.0013732442,0.000007349462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9809631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99329716,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01903689,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00812733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008714165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.058968186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390691170","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007827","title":"Assessing Hydrology, Biogeochemistry, and Organic Micropollutants in an Urban Stream‐Aquifer System: An Interdisciplinary Data Set","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Environmental science; Hyporheic zone; Aquifer; Biogeochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Water quality; Surface water; Groundwater; Aquatic ecosystem; Urban stream; Environmental engineering; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.06680983576218506,"score_gpt":0.4000969414381969,"score_spread":0.33328710567601183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390691170","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9732135,0.0000873216,0.00050825905,0.0000382226,0.0000031071415,0.000034309043,0.02573213,0.00009252493,0.0002906365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9411659,0.00009277273,0.0020125017,0.000024838317,0.000009294643,0.00010366536,0.05632764,0.00002064035,0.00024274338],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945396,0.000097318734,0.00005375855,0.00013529317,0.00014229318,0.00011748702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987914,0.0002884525,0.00018083634,0.00017801694,0.00035624122,0.0002050755],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006865367,0.0004761297,0.0004536562,0.0029801314,0.0005822628,0.0006570369,0.00041204266,0.00069876923,0.0007843669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009669915,0.00016225902,0.0005038341,0.003324279,0.0005366768,0.0004725922,0.0010278338,0.00026791848,0.00029444296],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026787125,0.0003561627,0.9486105,0.00024074515,0.0002896379,0.00094127667,0.0009793551,0.016360251,0.0076280753,0.00020044693,0.004179474,0.019946238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019147228,0.00010605224,0.98622674,0.000025875335,0.000051089963,0.0001321915,0.00090819586,0.007819541,0.0013608655,0.000094326984,0.0032220301,0.00003384391],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.058613732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.085736394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.058613732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009900937,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009806658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.11654508},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391017367","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007479","title":"Selective Sorting and Degradation of Permafrost Organic Matter in the Nearshore Zone of Herschel Island (Yukon, Canada)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transect; Permafrost; Sorting; Geology; Total organic carbon; Shore; Oceanography; Erosion; Sediment; Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Geomorphology; Ecology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.04167398946182138,"score_gpt":0.3014201692390724,"score_spread":0.259746179777251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391017367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991221,0.0000767846,0.000022994709,0.000014923425,9.902628e-7,0.0000056737763,0.0003465473,0.0000028990146,0.00040711198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99848133,0.00009341502,0.00013272674,0.000023612643,7.160698e-7,0.000005950998,0.00048631348,0.0000029755458,0.0007729278],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998074,0.000008106184,0.0000086612745,0.00006144097,0.00003760636,0.0000766445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996592,0.00002176156,0.00004852751,0.000011453,0.0001738238,0.00008523832],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000112949354,0.00036240608,0.00027441516,0.0009498245,0.0015899931,0.00081973715,0.00049006543,0.0003952022,0.0009539497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025478454,0.00023008054,0.00019627207,0.0015522452,0.00083238597,0.0002687228,0.0005045225,0.00021910858,0.00016817678],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015132237,0.00004176027,0.96341795,0.000089249894,0.00008239496,0.0005536388,0.0019875544,0.00039512388,0.025557421,0.00011047229,0.00031948392,0.007293624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000019038904,0.000008395929,0.99846363,0.0000062009453,0.0000055791825,0.000028540566,0.000884264,0.000106138395,0.0002705334,0.0000053989907,0.0002161794,0.0000032389728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.95033026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98042744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.049669743,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006592079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0063483864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.099924445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391484186","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007575","title":"Mercury Mobility in Epibenthic Waters of a Deltaic Environment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Mercury (programming language); Environmental chemistry; Water column; Mineralization (soil science); Sediment; Organic matter; Sulfate; Pore water pressure; Sedimentary organic matter; Estuary; Dissolved organic carbon; Chemistry; Geology; Total organic carbon; Oceanography; Soil science; Geomorphology; Soil water","score_opus":0.05006058069449299,"score_gpt":0.35476021510930666,"score_spread":0.3046996344148137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391484186","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998073,0.000015431173,0.0000467011,0.0000021017647,2.5232907e-7,7.770681e-7,0.000041750245,0.0000020749958,0.00008370065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995092,0.00003411924,0.00019564379,0.0000035043745,5.4408997e-7,0.0000026036041,0.00008968509,0.0000015637313,0.00016298179],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999676,0.0000030457968,0.0000014933938,0.000014437253,0.0000073408783,0.0000060415405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99995816,0.0000061202236,0.000011664004,0.0000028659263,0.000014852266,0.000006328595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007213572,0.0002037601,0.0001495036,0.00029100527,0.00014399929,0.0002519118,0.00017820553,0.00017407995,0.00027458972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009028831,0.00012445028,0.0001009797,0.00018185333,0.00016096474,0.00011147648,0.00020293354,0.00011750165,0.00007842084],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032592937,0.000040700186,0.28068215,0.00007450597,0.000076926415,0.00024476534,0.00062235835,0.0023781836,0.7070209,0.00010451421,0.000061545,0.008367519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012260452,0.00021447748,0.94084215,0.000007644961,0.000030355965,0.00010140865,0.0004169321,0.009281488,0.04835056,0.00004937627,0.0006824471,0.000010890911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012106417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010602039,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012106417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003437975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017859541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024071932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392157438","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007638","title":"Permafrost Carbon: Progress on Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Office of Science; International Permafrost Association; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government; National Science Foundation; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; California Institute of Technology; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Met Office; European Research Council; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Vetenskapsrådet","keywords":"Permafrost; Tundra; Environmental science; Wetland; Carbon cycle; Thermokarst; Soil carbon; Arctic; Carbon sink; Terrestrial ecosystem; Ecosystem; Vegetation (pathology); Methane; Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Greenhouse gas; Ecology; Soil science; Geology; Soil water; Geography; Oceanography","score_opus":0.13672990959537223,"score_gpt":0.3669354578505677,"score_spread":0.23020554825519546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392157438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9037787,0.04669304,0.014900917,0.0015381643,0.000058387333,0.000039992752,0.009806625,0.00041886856,0.022765273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96922034,0.016017128,0.010467634,0.00022923933,0.00008245465,0.000035496665,0.0031204494,0.00007720954,0.0007500206],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999848,0.000019805644,0.00001505203,0.000058946593,0.00004151392,0.00001669752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937844,0.00015481596,0.00017545656,0.00007391624,0.000178439,0.000038859664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007363713,0.00058600307,0.0004448788,0.0021627273,0.00048121743,0.001358621,0.00039653532,0.00051936845,0.0022146283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011028853,0.00022059774,0.00035682245,0.0046256897,0.00040074115,0.0032432633,0.00044960465,0.00034756592,0.00025830226],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010549992,0.000057008983,0.64771277,0.0009845113,0.00029753026,0.000094503805,0.00090557645,0.010263727,0.007155403,0.0033193973,0.0017937059,0.32731032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004469301,0.000018899349,0.9693718,0.000252967,0.00008174917,0.00008975418,0.0005204506,0.010008517,0.0013444134,0.0053430353,0.012934493,0.000029367235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.043751996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.052011862,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043751996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007061266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009746765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08699465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392239754","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007738","title":"Environmental and Management Drivers of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions From Actively‐Extracted Peatlands in Alberta, Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Alberta; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Ditch; Environmental science; Carbon dioxide; Methane; Hydrology (agriculture); Water quality; Carbon fibers; Drainage; Greenhouse gas; Extraction (chemistry); Environmental engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Ecology","score_opus":0.012815395619517028,"score_gpt":0.26945974764279607,"score_spread":0.25664435202327907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392239754","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99740285,0.00026274248,0.00012139286,0.00010360689,0.000003950289,0.000011099778,0.0007474141,0.000007796593,0.0013392235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978848,0.00021132329,0.00023388436,0.00003321966,0.0000017519233,0.000005513941,0.0005659291,0.0000030842864,0.0010603368],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996742,0.000024890309,0.000011863516,0.000045496592,0.000109154396,0.00013440184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991041,0.00007265184,0.00009918924,0.000019079982,0.0005069974,0.00019792521],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003630617,0.0003164858,0.00023616351,0.0011109202,0.0016971948,0.0011909526,0.0006729218,0.00024945385,0.0009737492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006332036,0.00020858397,0.00024473606,0.0021561454,0.00070598227,0.00022658531,0.000542308,0.00027022426,0.00008929423],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013977925,0.00005441081,0.9830499,0.000043118707,0.0000612143,0.00029834677,0.0009724609,0.0015255852,0.0031933512,0.00033786034,0.00082916394,0.009494805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000036197002,0.000007764733,0.9969008,0.000014043857,0.000009818022,0.00002263357,0.0013191191,0.0008073963,0.00013797617,0.000032613487,0.0007368951,0.0000073765514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9965127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99887604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023606073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.023606073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.023176048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1712749},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392363192","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007887","title":"Planktonic Marine Fungi: A Review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Austrian Science Fund; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Natural Environment Research Council; Biodiversa+; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Simons Foundation; European Research Council; National Science Foundation; National Science and Technology Council","keywords":"Marine fungi; Plankton; Marine ecosystem; Biology; Marine habitats; Biogeochemical cycle; Ecology; Pelagic zone; Marine biology; Ecosystem; Habitat","score_opus":0.11244701782718217,"score_gpt":0.43149948706801167,"score_spread":0.31905246924082953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392363192","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00012139395,0.9990349,0.00007377169,0.00011428882,0.00012220751,0.0000021560204,0.00001833598,0.0000051413517,0.00050788687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00062400196,0.99876225,0.00014577512,0.000076017175,0.00010764274,0.0000026065634,0.000026457092,0.0000012613488,0.00025403107],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99976426,0.000025745112,0.000041545332,0.000057848225,0.000087130145,0.000023415161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918324,0.00043676436,0.000118414464,0.000019400439,0.00017754582,0.00006457384],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005692035,0.0010287288,0.0013148391,0.0046865134,0.00039271655,0.0014422162,0.0008011349,0.0009906787,0.003931344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011436635,0.00034758446,0.0006629523,0.0049333484,0.00041879088,0.0016931253,0.0008002613,0.00109986,0.0016839829],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054870896,0.000060301252,0.00037269175,0.038133968,0.000087227716,0.0001993196,0.00011361103,0.00030329605,0.0013293158,0.0023116055,0.019312087,0.9377217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008012697,0.000083766194,0.001830628,0.013197648,0.00018235233,0.0011785174,0.00011716148,0.00007936226,0.0005012533,0.0014436686,0.98135316,0.000024488943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019195043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002282335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0046865134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005192514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016326957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013151646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392768083","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007848","title":"Albedo‐Induced Global Warming Potential Following Disturbances in Global Temperate and Boreal Forests","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal; University of New Brunswick","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","keywords":"Albedo (alchemy); Chronosequence; Environmental science; Temperate climate; Boreal; Taiga; Atmospheric sciences; Disturbance (geology); Global warming; Temperate forest; Temperate rainforest; Ecosystem; Climate change; Climatology; Physical geography; Ecology; Geography; Soil water; Soil science; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.017215460455878597,"score_gpt":0.3154883670477105,"score_spread":0.2982729065918319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392768083","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99940777,0.00006034512,0.00008367813,0.000009314556,0.000002310046,0.0000029128703,0.00017946823,0.0000060751136,0.00024819552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99975413,0.000017534425,0.000041300264,0.000003454795,0.000001946648,0.0000020162156,0.00014975986,8.7689847e-7,0.00002906147],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999012,0.000016986574,0.000008550057,0.000026096217,0.0000196281,0.000027516558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995975,0.000050770876,0.00016939048,0.000030813128,0.000071548515,0.00008001973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037583843,0.0002483615,0.00018031198,0.0003972686,0.00024674824,0.0004295554,0.00017047148,0.00022999148,0.00042943767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047759133,0.00009554775,0.00029756356,0.00035115308,0.00026245893,0.00027929933,0.00025927144,0.00019276087,0.00006501106],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017107495,0.00004616974,0.9802177,0.000021610284,0.00008060504,0.00012344331,0.00008907619,0.0024841412,0.013093351,0.00004306691,0.00011715612,0.003512643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012323156,0.00001874762,0.9991379,6.494788e-7,0.000004262737,0.000025352421,0.0000299066,0.000562625,0.0001596928,0.000014315637,0.00004369599,0.000001543618],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009082998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0111011695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009082998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000420107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014463768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018060267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393363961","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007670","title":"Lake Ice From Historical Records to Contemporary Science","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Historical record; Geography; Physical geography; History; Geology; Climatology; Earth science; Art history; Biography","score_opus":0.08555420557847836,"score_gpt":0.35150446597422713,"score_spread":0.26595026039574876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393363961","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45292166,0.39451075,0.0066919285,0.031420067,0.0022097034,0.00005719304,0.010474524,0.000097879485,0.101616375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8501389,0.1384223,0.0026446434,0.0014384766,0.0032523621,0.00004417188,0.0025713437,0.000027112972,0.0014606508],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931407,0.00017355017,0.00011402676,0.00016682677,0.0001812349,0.00005031982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936907,0.0027283225,0.0013096635,0.00053809956,0.001507412,0.0002258115],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002742123,0.00018612015,0.00023248214,0.0067825336,0.0006121589,0.0027303358,0.0004921533,0.000430006,0.0022695572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013114221,0.00015370244,0.00013564037,0.0083703,0.0022177799,0.0050814473,0.0012021358,0.00091035524,0.00019980645],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018197016,0.000091212656,0.4139537,0.0022770134,0.00044710745,0.00024383841,0.00889268,0.0018426245,0.0006219471,0.059709746,0.019227732,0.49251038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008009537,0.00011536478,0.6300778,0.0034200358,0.00015982667,0.00038671857,0.006840981,0.0013039417,0.00062407716,0.025649415,0.33135384,0.00005998938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009089305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0136716105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009089305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020749636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00080084294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018072784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393364486","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008026","title":"Rewiring the Carbon Cycle: A Theoretical Framework for Animal‐Driven Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ecosystem; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Carbon sequestration; Ecosystem model; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Carbon fibers; Ecology; Biology; Carbon dioxide; Computer science","score_opus":0.02124007747619514,"score_gpt":0.3180349301581762,"score_spread":0.296794852681981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393364486","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12064625,0.0018280714,0.8033427,0.006567505,0.00033309468,0.0000686625,0.00026657004,0.00023423467,0.06671281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.960932,0.0008162641,0.031081226,0.0003682262,0.00012767519,0.00014402723,0.000045773657,0.00008738493,0.0063974387],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979717,0.00009880641,0.0000062968275,0.000038413644,0.000033647244,0.000025731919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944824,0.00027312667,0.0000734568,0.000057788257,0.0000621474,0.00008514697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00092957757,0.0005238006,0.0005089161,0.0007206986,0.0007932524,0.001392445,0.001726137,0.0014233264,0.0056469026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013588668,0.00025441265,0.00088482175,0.00052471913,0.0023553653,0.0020643324,0.0015763621,0.0011082186,0.0002940278],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000872724,0.000019403931,0.00032234195,0.00002863392,0.000018651754,0.0000697516,0.00006140466,0.34802976,0.0005658114,0.6483993,0.00054060324,0.0019357097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009031601,0.000018291461,0.00012022192,0.0000122044985,0.000007808913,0.000022955412,0.00003843267,0.6331265,0.000077119286,0.36471507,0.0018421821,0.000010199225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046674255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030593637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0056469026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014671219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001062448,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018890798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395670328","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008197","title":"Recognizing and Appreciating the 2023 <i>JGR</i>: <i>Biogeosciences</i> Reviewers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Research Data Management Practices","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology","score_opus":0.1450889974906471,"score_gpt":0.4144635666655807,"score_spread":0.26937456917493363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395670328","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009921334,0.009769511,0.007348536,0.26910323,0.69522625,0.00028296476,0.0018202005,0.002275485,0.013181837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.017723838,0.020574722,0.02285488,0.14624934,0.6689386,0.0008915897,0.0047829407,0.009415538,0.108568676],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9489281,0.00783718,0.0065033967,0.004733147,0.02996205,0.0020360926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.40961897,0.0407569,0.029123846,0.025228906,0.4478934,0.047377963],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.05942213,0.0015337734,0.002968,0.005910195,0.0034594957,0.025086155,0.0037372091,0.0059611113,0.02816757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2880419,0.0010208514,0.0012421801,0.007818533,0.0041351975,0.011142206,0.0059691183,0.009596871,0.060824454],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001410246,0.000003849189,0.0002854202,0.00013765265,0.00001074501,0.00003737876,0.00011161972,0.000024510924,0.0002794537,0.00030353077,0.98679906,0.011992643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010307783,0.000009153116,0.0007971477,0.00014946384,0.000014591416,0.000091691785,0.00025819568,0.00012122573,0.00020604678,0.0011042234,0.9972072,0.000030628573],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0055458364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013399921,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94057786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0035149672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02203267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31425804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395670507","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007873","title":"Long‐Term Response of Peatland Carbon Exchange to Climatic Changes in the Hudson Bay Lowlands","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"York University","keywords":"Peat; Environmental science; Primary production; Carbon sink; Sink (geography); Bay; Ecosystem respiration; Ecosystem; Climate change; Advection; Bog; Eddy covariance; Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Ecology; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.03937006416726017,"score_gpt":0.3475513603394902,"score_spread":0.30818129617223,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395670507","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997924,0.000012983406,0.000017637285,0.000008876775,8.5779845e-7,8.4129135e-7,0.00010292002,0.0000025756726,0.000060937396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997069,0.000009341804,0.00002480896,0.000005587926,7.1076045e-7,0.0000017798818,0.00013779661,8.0820473e-7,0.00011226849],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999182,0.000011375894,0.000005825874,0.000018441493,0.000014902507,0.000031255007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961555,0.00006939635,0.000084227686,0.000026087318,0.0000968381,0.00010783739],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002673905,0.00016959355,0.00021255291,0.00029320086,0.0002343232,0.0005234962,0.00028502647,0.0001868907,0.0006834685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000587263,0.000100797006,0.00017034457,0.00027715732,0.00020557415,0.00019618844,0.00031255413,0.00018743625,0.00008606899],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019831065,0.000068321584,0.98387605,0.000018992801,0.00007377855,0.00018713983,0.00025082543,0.0026713142,0.008974381,0.00005222849,0.0002116166,0.0034169804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000032088637,0.000015655129,0.9972683,0.0000021695905,0.0000061736837,0.000011138839,0.0001690193,0.002085311,0.0003377737,0.000009044807,0.0000900497,0.0000022405686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.31226647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3906689,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68773353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017078958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006450342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62089777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395684005","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007597","title":"Temperature, Water Depth, and Flow Velocity Are Important Drivers of Methane Ebullition in a Temperate Lowland Stream","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Temperate climate; Methane; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Flow (mathematics); Water flow; STREAMS; Geology; Soil science; Ecology; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Biology","score_opus":0.015739883201523218,"score_gpt":0.2794749926445365,"score_spread":0.2637351094430133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395684005","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99967754,0.000023315333,0.00016464973,0.000004282149,4.330438e-7,0.0000018984548,0.000065126595,0.000004408739,0.000058263413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997631,0.0000135297905,0.000107489504,0.0000016130654,5.340389e-7,0.0000014869355,0.00007487828,0.0000013931456,0.000036151356],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989426,0.000023230978,0.000011677415,0.000040609742,0.0000093671,0.000020731104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974304,0.00010196389,0.00007064927,0.000018365643,0.000034960656,0.000031085016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033517976,0.00024825707,0.0002285631,0.00041642837,0.00024341985,0.00065961777,0.0001975469,0.00023942647,0.0004920318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005284809,0.00019414892,0.00037339193,0.00038695175,0.00022565352,0.00028154402,0.00024638127,0.00014326684,0.000061212646],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107516404,0.00006058506,0.9648415,0.000029329954,0.0000834386,0.000103487684,0.00009211673,0.016499557,0.015802909,0.00005405883,0.000061190935,0.0022643714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000043557934,0.000023325436,0.9717433,0.000004548658,0.000022159225,0.000019892577,0.00006711888,0.027476922,0.00054266246,0.000034433233,0.0000550411,0.000006348579],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018320948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018430475,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018320948,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048635504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003011499,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03642863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395695162","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007839","title":"Phenology of Photosynthesis in Winter‐Dormant Temperate and Boreal Forests: Long‐Term Observations From Flux Towers and Quantitative Evaluation of Phenology Models","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Government of British Columbia; Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan; Environment and Climate Change Canada; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Evergreen; Snowmelt; Deciduous; Phenology; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Primary production; Temperate rainforest; Climatology; Taiga; Boreal; Ecosystem; Ecology; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.09058596530504107,"score_gpt":0.3488771039366377,"score_spread":0.2582911386315966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395695162","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988757,0.00005143026,0.0006056981,0.000004687986,0.0000016861803,0.000002316752,0.00028907112,0.00001908743,0.00015036597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99877685,0.000019195466,0.0006929913,0.0000033274778,0.0000028816535,0.000004973285,0.00043351293,0.0000037238378,0.0000625884],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999069,0.000024633642,0.00000700989,0.000029855784,0.000020020098,0.000011580722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995565,0.00014870921,0.00012974063,0.00003095188,0.0000723487,0.00006170056],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007724348,0.000261272,0.00016858747,0.00044177056,0.00021318736,0.0003180138,0.00020525059,0.0001850575,0.0002790305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00076040864,0.00013486488,0.00021102325,0.00029727948,0.00013125088,0.00039905388,0.000128221,0.00013461639,0.00006201252],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001872409,0.00005867042,0.96851003,0.000034286015,0.0000745254,0.00003573924,0.000199156,0.0035249183,0.018573217,0.000053926717,0.00016069188,0.008587677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000033875447,0.000027703645,0.99210113,0.0000026776174,0.0000064973124,0.00003452588,0.000035594883,0.007143171,0.00053364714,0.000020921721,0.00008727741,0.0000034384373],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008782969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014891701,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008782969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002900527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012083224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017463744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396921503","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008001","title":"Alkyl Lipid Distributions and Compound‐Specific <sup>14</sup>C Isotope Compositions in Diverse Sedimentary Archives in Sub‐Antarctic South Georgia: Deconvolving (Past and Present) Marine and Terrestrial Sources and Revealing Localized Export Dynamics in Response to Environmental Change","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Sedimentary rock; Isotope; Alkyl; Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Physics; Nuclear physics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.029582428058202315,"score_gpt":0.2738861063541646,"score_spread":0.24430367829596228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396921503","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991542,0.00008038234,0.00003009756,0.000005198263,6.315573e-7,0.0000019089264,0.000411778,0.0000040149753,0.00031186765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984641,0.0001279754,0.00019399302,0.000009002027,0.0000013525664,0.000003838532,0.0008450651,0.0000049421865,0.00034970217],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999678,0.0000032161997,0.0000036789118,0.000009628115,0.000007844146,0.000007833569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998995,0.000008920788,0.000027201666,0.000009541247,0.0000375815,0.000017354281],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000078564924,0.00024102611,0.00012776442,0.0014169505,0.0003392958,0.00038361124,0.00018416646,0.00016846022,0.0005132642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012487834,0.0001304348,0.00018115639,0.0015567844,0.00024285073,0.00016001335,0.00040565385,0.00009724477,0.00022871092],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016881333,0.000008947651,0.9426629,0.000061732484,0.000082658495,0.00020954014,0.0007628294,0.00038591196,0.04415143,0.00004899881,0.00013829854,0.011318055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.4552075e-7,0.000008872953,0.99835783,0.0000033051936,0.000013525186,0.000046506862,0.0002679659,0.00013276981,0.0008639739,0.000008912065,0.00029329484,0.0000021271255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.063187875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.18131232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.063187875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004793916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035619843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12564015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396921939","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008005","title":"Carbon Stocks and Fluxes From a Boreal Conifer Swamp: Filling a Knowledge Gap for Understanding the Boreal C Cycle","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Boreal; Swamp; Taiga; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Ecology; Forestry; Geology; Ecosystem; Biology","score_opus":0.07322968384170825,"score_gpt":0.34979602078088784,"score_spread":0.2765663369391796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396921939","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99872166,0.00021685066,0.00009900604,0.000043646392,0.0000013189624,0.000003025349,0.00037730267,0.0000064632245,0.0005305824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990299,0.00016543298,0.00031796243,0.00001941986,0.000002480475,0.0000015975185,0.00030968766,0.0000020246496,0.00015148027],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999498,0.000004635097,0.0000034239602,0.000011771295,0.000016650798,0.000013592253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998166,0.000025833526,0.000036290392,0.0000111299505,0.00007513595,0.000035119956],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015630604,0.00021392957,0.00017244508,0.00050607533,0.0006475331,0.00056974444,0.0002611363,0.00017789874,0.0006784513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026723123,0.00010356297,0.00010434439,0.00081774074,0.0003346188,0.00041942555,0.00021025384,0.00014764913,0.00006205191],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012235442,0.00005153783,0.9730483,0.000058535727,0.000044815417,0.0002532855,0.0006383667,0.0013230293,0.009877585,0.00015216655,0.00030568265,0.014124443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000015399371,0.000010787408,0.99775666,0.0000070277797,0.000007682909,0.00004495581,0.0005050636,0.0009363432,0.00025589913,0.000057772486,0.00041211265,0.0000041643693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5851238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8112586,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5851238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016026207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010433145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.834639},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398147576","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007737","title":"Improving MODIS Gross Primary Productivity by Bridging Big‐Leaf and Two‐Leaf Light Use Efficiency Models","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Bridging (networking); Primary productivity; Productivity; Environmental science; Agricultural engineering; Mathematics; Computer science; Engineering; Biology; Economics; Ecology","score_opus":0.028837468187528158,"score_gpt":0.2858559740983004,"score_spread":0.25701850591077224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398147576","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83836526,0.00027885308,0.15593553,0.0002368578,0.00008894917,0.000059457147,0.0005210705,0.0021423546,0.0023716758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9591269,0.00006916649,0.039778404,0.0000644458,0.00001653029,0.00004793098,0.00041470604,0.000091783775,0.00039010542],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999806,0.000044917262,0.000014396535,0.00006529754,0.000043578835,0.00002579994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995084,0.00015805945,0.00006449612,0.000082535,0.00014744271,0.000039189672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00088336144,0.0008750958,0.00045703808,0.00029508257,0.00017179434,0.0006440434,0.0009384038,0.0005198509,0.00055938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013702094,0.00036458153,0.0007880316,0.0003814648,0.00020838437,0.0008230417,0.00063199014,0.00056133425,0.00020534771],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009220393,0.00017266093,0.02065322,0.00005242801,0.0001011967,0.000058908965,0.00004531143,0.93687046,0.0123671135,0.0005898551,0.0007127979,0.028283803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014714597,0.000011748529,0.0013947587,0.0000020825896,0.00000902731,0.0000033420743,0.000004377378,0.9970188,0.0012735291,0.00008733376,0.00017500842,0.0000052960977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023409283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010700808,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023409283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00077207456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000981703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.046546042},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399011173","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007874","title":"Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Saline Soil Using a Bacterial Consortium and Different Carriers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan","keywords":"Bioremediation; Crude oil; Contamination; Environmental science; Soil contamination; Saline; Environmental chemistry; Soil salinity; Waste management; Chemistry; Petroleum engineering; Soil science; Geology; Soil water; Biology; Engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.035363249160962916,"score_gpt":0.3212087031063954,"score_spread":0.2858454539454325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399011173","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99761754,0.0005586286,0.0014031886,0.000051642946,0.000019974736,0.00002781842,0.0000410363,0.00002117824,0.000258919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931005,0.0008455678,0.005201452,0.0000306229,0.000011379194,0.00003846742,0.0001769947,0.0000068323393,0.0005881285],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995771,0.00008986764,0.000046508143,0.00006562816,0.0001331328,0.00008782848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982136,0.000024308494,0.000040696254,0.000015468167,0.0000609014,0.000037356313],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046299378,0.00082707807,0.00047321199,0.00037591887,0.00017406966,0.0004522262,0.00031933814,0.00028187814,0.00022463815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033347585,0.00018674301,0.00051421154,0.00033700117,0.00021444767,0.00032561892,0.0005758233,0.00033844213,0.000103298844],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008212465,0.00006252477,0.0005423451,0.000059614624,0.000013971199,0.000027161785,0.000014221493,0.00008474079,0.9969292,0.000017763206,0.0000097161765,0.0021565356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027736445,0.0011575058,0.0045684595,0.000016585913,0.000075319585,0.00015086826,0.00012643848,0.0012215774,0.991958,0.000028204762,0.00065868744,0.000010546308],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019041942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019497873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019041942,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022716526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003979078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0037862062},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399178762","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007927","title":"Impacts of Mineral Dust on Trace Element Concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) in Lichens and Soils at Lhù’ààn Mân’ (Yukon Territory, Canada)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Lichen and fungal ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lichen; Mineral dust; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Deposition (geology); Trace element; Ecosystem; Soil water; Vegetation (pathology); Biogeochemical cycle; Aerosol; Geology; Ecology; Chemistry; Sediment; Geochemistry; Soil science; Geomorphology; Biology","score_opus":0.030483577634009572,"score_gpt":0.30503082248314584,"score_spread":0.2745472448491363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399178762","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993717,0.000048060883,0.000020499583,0.0000065302893,5.256137e-7,0.0000034798722,0.00022404903,0.000002918229,0.00032228342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999199,0.000052920986,0.00006251932,0.0000074087525,4.82188e-7,0.0000037082027,0.00026752442,0.0000012991344,0.0004050574],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998192,0.000011095018,0.000008288153,0.00004263718,0.000057062036,0.00006159847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997317,0.000017002252,0.00003660814,0.000008362805,0.00013794926,0.0000682972],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010531392,0.0002224995,0.00022986454,0.0007976574,0.0012402725,0.0007921933,0.0003485848,0.00022476219,0.00073050265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001967508,0.00016984956,0.000189127,0.0012812396,0.0004790743,0.00016769911,0.00038607774,0.00017020298,0.00011790301],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007125457,0.000036453996,0.9836838,0.000044672208,0.000047407517,0.00025994633,0.0012692119,0.00033338863,0.009350531,0.000038113572,0.00014970504,0.0047153234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010040031,0.000012070724,0.99822825,0.0000049020673,0.000005732677,0.00002952986,0.001021681,0.0001693694,0.00030063032,0.000004995173,0.00021876891,0.000003138613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8780399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9456621,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1219601,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004647988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0031979564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24535668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399274020","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007805","title":"High Abundances and Expression Levels of Atypical, Non‐Denitrifier N<sub>2</sub>O Reductases Drive Strong Microbial N<sub>2</sub>O Consumption Rates in a Minimally Impacted Mangrove Stand","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ocean Networks Canada Society; University of Victoria","funders":"Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences; Genome British Columbia; University of Victoria; Genome Canada","keywords":"Mangrove; Abundance (ecology); Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Environmental science; Consumption (sociology); Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.0356366819230134,"score_gpt":0.3286252826760349,"score_spread":0.2929886007530215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399274020","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99979943,0.000010533205,0.00005696929,0.0000025767301,3.1518243e-7,0.0000012340892,0.000038507776,0.0000021790397,0.00008822297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994848,0.000014067697,0.0001363789,0.00000662313,7.757603e-7,0.0000034944774,0.000095392046,0.0000015218546,0.0002568839],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992275,0.0000043134673,0.0000049790333,0.00003422521,0.00001534648,0.000018360537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998758,0.000012889857,0.00004312477,0.0000067540955,0.000018861589,0.000042574906],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006621265,0.00017724266,0.00013330608,0.00021653208,0.0002743937,0.00033348982,0.00012103624,0.00011006827,0.00038966906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010425518,0.00017262192,0.00009412749,0.00009306097,0.00024402054,0.000114171795,0.0002497361,0.00017892268,0.00007894305],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000097540316,0.000028538747,0.08397906,0.000015956795,0.000011508977,0.00007890788,0.00018009664,0.00009314572,0.9145344,0.00002782259,0.000016145135,0.0009367514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000024502444,0.00008813439,0.97876555,0.0000022954562,0.000007747468,0.00007554027,0.00030420674,0.0005818759,0.019988412,0.000030416628,0.00015014269,0.00000319971],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007660936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01660009,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007660936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002625826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019045018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015232682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399460464","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007776","title":"Using Relationships Between Vegetation and Surface Soil Biogeochemical Properties to Assess Regional Soil Carbon Inventories for South Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Tundra; Soil water; Soil carbon; Vegetation (pathology); Arctic; Environmental science; Biogeochemical cycle; Soil science; Soil organic matter; Soil horizon; Geology; Physical geography; Oceanography; Environmental chemistry; Geography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.27810334895311006,"score_gpt":0.34736187245184624,"score_spread":0.06925852349873618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399460464","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918069,0.00050969137,0.00060981745,0.00006289774,0.0000074356844,0.000025578569,0.005361905,0.000037799316,0.0015779523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945176,0.00020567808,0.0012379065,0.000023036928,0.0000025552563,0.00002213079,0.0029993944,0.000009599246,0.000982031],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998066,0.000020560869,0.000011221218,0.000054908203,0.000057520258,0.000049144306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879706,0.000102104736,0.000109871115,0.00004553764,0.00075489044,0.00019052331],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045996183,0.00035096082,0.00022785204,0.0012257624,0.0010106368,0.0010448452,0.0005957965,0.00016667916,0.0009862643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010385786,0.00020710558,0.00026383984,0.0015518374,0.00027997707,0.00023898493,0.00034416132,0.0002236312,0.00017973695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026509148,0.000007565835,0.9923679,0.000017405015,0.00006610897,0.000020221483,0.00013808547,0.000979415,0.0007016395,0.00004644556,0.00061534916,0.005013359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000031290208,0.000004223016,0.99624485,0.000015034147,0.00001491799,0.000013118907,0.000329251,0.0024127075,0.00015320593,0.000020230327,0.00078239554,0.000006986835],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9905391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99609584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009460926,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0087020835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0069285226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.063138366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399702620","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007875","title":"Responses of Marginal and Intrinsic Water‐Use Efficiency to Changing Aridity Using FLUXNET Observations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Division of Integrative Organismal Systems; Division of Environmental Biology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science; Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota; U.S. Geological Survey; Division of Earth Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"FluxNet; Eddy covariance; Vapour Pressure Deficit; Environmental science; Arid; Atmospheric sciences; Water-use efficiency; Transpiration; Evapotranspiration; Aridity index; Leaf area index; Ecosystem; Climatology; Ecology; Photosynthesis; Biology; Botany","score_opus":0.08175296406836424,"score_gpt":0.3321954549955377,"score_spread":0.25044249092717347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399702620","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99796057,0.000035916943,0.0004046813,0.0000147050705,0.0000036258054,0.0000028199129,0.001372712,0.0000291344,0.00017590496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99665964,0.000026155594,0.0005671612,0.0000069063476,0.000004075674,0.00000788905,0.0026512954,0.000008706139,0.000068144225],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99975127,0.00008372078,0.000019488445,0.000087632594,0.000032075233,0.000025811769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899155,0.0005234555,0.00018787621,0.00008598943,0.00014464023,0.00006638167],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009963494,0.0003906273,0.00027727202,0.00075662823,0.00016041132,0.0006045901,0.00031071415,0.00046195555,0.00067670643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022468623,0.00016418842,0.00031449433,0.0010167054,0.00014269844,0.00072562543,0.00023084939,0.00021381007,0.00013304624],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030596368,0.00008926872,0.96091485,0.000068803405,0.0002151375,0.00008273197,0.00015174334,0.023284161,0.005673843,0.00020165092,0.00051914534,0.008492579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009566909,0.00003181321,0.94401777,0.0000093528715,0.000019695506,0.000039858056,0.000081824466,0.05418887,0.0011045412,0.000094333715,0.00038959857,0.000012787127],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011470403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011940462,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011470403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003376503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012084331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0228073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399782677","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007831","title":"Composition and Bioreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter Leachates From End Members in a Mountain to Prairie Transitional River Valley","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Alberta Innovates; University of Lethbridge; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Alberta; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Organic matter; Macrophyte; Baseflow; Total organic carbon; Aquatic ecosystem; Biogeochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Chemistry; Drainage basin; Streamflow; Biology; Geology; Geography","score_opus":0.021505264521530856,"score_gpt":0.27928759222653293,"score_spread":0.2577823277050021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399782677","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996088,0.000035346296,0.00005624949,0.0000031826107,3.4854264e-7,0.000003935243,0.000108506385,0.0000023174198,0.00018119848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983014,0.00008244979,0.0004472254,0.00001590786,9.854678e-7,0.0000075886906,0.00042584332,0.0000029974478,0.0007157657],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998685,0.000008473532,0.00000797342,0.00004751995,0.000039315553,0.000028208553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983656,0.000021745856,0.000028982933,0.0000049399923,0.000074574134,0.000033131666],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000150819,0.00015590237,0.00021903505,0.00063121575,0.0010330781,0.0009834901,0.00027163303,0.00018318134,0.00037262012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019508786,0.00015804061,0.00014106282,0.00063904555,0.00032033675,0.00015827692,0.00032002907,0.000186085,0.00006400071],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029618267,0.00011156351,0.82051194,0.000059417634,0.00007706496,0.00022946602,0.0019852996,0.0004981283,0.16466951,0.00005720911,0.00010339441,0.011400836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000030940857,0.00006295742,0.9941473,0.0000058000505,0.0000136480885,0.000041231386,0.0010550645,0.00051118503,0.003684965,0.00001347291,0.0004565747,0.000004588274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.37296894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.592452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37296894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015191596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00096160255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74159604},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399817017","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007864","title":"More Accurately Estimating Aboveground Biomass in Tropical Forests With Complex Forest Structures and Regions of High‐Aboveground Biomass","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Remote sensing; Mean squared error; Forest inventory; Statistics; Mathematics; Geography; Forest management; Agroforestry","score_opus":0.06385293528235521,"score_gpt":0.36369988512828794,"score_spread":0.29984694984593274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399817017","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96779823,0.0002062355,0.030703302,0.000043545344,0.0000070948604,0.000010787114,0.0004830919,0.0001613059,0.0005864052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98923165,0.00004129078,0.010336625,0.000008577441,0.000004680762,0.000004226482,0.00028769873,0.000007386562,0.000078006975],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984646,0.000034619403,0.000011185339,0.000049844042,0.0000353802,0.0000224645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996107,0.00012241703,0.00012120194,0.00003806579,0.00008533113,0.000022365648],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057876215,0.00048700918,0.00029580647,0.0014162415,0.00019544031,0.00057792926,0.00030613624,0.00022551179,0.00046998117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010016117,0.00019745255,0.0003307876,0.001168611,0.00020630895,0.00072126754,0.00040525495,0.00018992212,0.00012822822],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011388547,0.00009031888,0.6906793,0.00017044091,0.0002346997,0.0001840266,0.00017218674,0.16746569,0.04332149,0.00041001645,0.00052225793,0.096635826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008737538,0.000021934353,0.49621853,0.000025424939,0.00004964478,0.000056642293,0.00018702245,0.49840236,0.0041134623,0.0004289137,0.0004664076,0.000020842164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020931093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027461654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020931093,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000298425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036745289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.041618526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399861769","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007812","title":"The Distinct Composition and Transformation of Terrestrial Organic Carbon in the Yukon River Delta and Plume During the Mighty Spring Freshet","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Salinity; Biogeochemistry; Arctic; Total organic carbon; Diagenesis; Delta; Hydrology (agriculture); Oceanography; Geology; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Mineralogy","score_opus":0.01832798936776948,"score_gpt":0.2584027946549761,"score_spread":0.24007480528720665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399861769","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99961144,0.000022618278,0.000030834573,0.000006531058,6.1169607e-7,0.0000015790231,0.00014255983,0.000001897904,0.0001820161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993311,0.000026808431,0.000060436785,0.000007678928,7.702063e-7,0.0000034999296,0.0002851804,0.000001522483,0.000283007],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999565,0.0000031272468,0.0000033660517,0.000013895806,0.000009200663,0.000013928086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999126,0.0000072769703,0.000017235046,0.0000037644386,0.00003776285,0.000021236317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007049203,0.00014246066,0.00016838442,0.00048381655,0.0004499232,0.00046626234,0.00012875543,0.00020743147,0.00048546464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000103418985,0.00013312022,0.00016483582,0.00059061387,0.00022442173,0.0002223074,0.0003177162,0.00014389168,0.0000734091],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015858865,0.000025618428,0.9440782,0.000036584817,0.000052738586,0.00021090887,0.00094058976,0.00026278768,0.046496004,0.00008317669,0.00015006296,0.0075047063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.7320984e-7,0.000008156809,0.9989573,0.0000015566901,0.0000035657094,0.000014998231,0.00036375422,0.000123459,0.00041039207,0.000005539886,0.000108580534,0.0000017843047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.082414076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1884873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9175859,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005853837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047790416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16386878},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399927816","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007769","title":"Interannual Variation and Trend of Carbon Budget Observed for More Than Two Decades at Takayama in a Cool‐Temperate Deciduous Forest in Central Japan","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; York University; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","keywords":"Temperate deciduous forest; Deciduous; Temperate climate; Environmental science; Variation (astronomy); Temperate forest; Temperate rainforest; Climatology; Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Geology; Ecology; Biology; Physics; Astrophysics; Ecosystem","score_opus":0.032398881131343156,"score_gpt":0.3404281110736686,"score_spread":0.30802922994232546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399927816","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99955636,0.000120636774,0.000024255349,0.000009867128,0.0000032022265,0.0000012245508,0.00015517836,0.0000033600422,0.00012588402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993955,0.00007833922,0.00004139975,0.0000084436515,0.0000064503997,0.0000040811715,0.00034879296,0.0000014469334,0.000115507544],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999006,0.0000062290515,0.000012862941,0.000040904117,0.00001495833,0.000024551142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963915,0.000025548874,0.000103787315,0.000017197352,0.00010557687,0.000108668224],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019419518,0.00031467996,0.00028448267,0.00092539017,0.00048273514,0.000496691,0.00030603205,0.00027912814,0.000474998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021636554,0.00018233618,0.00031879087,0.0008303698,0.0002490598,0.00027167812,0.00030820258,0.0001571534,0.00013045035],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005870009,0.000029869541,0.99122435,0.00003916203,0.00013014929,0.00028886806,0.00061902875,0.00014528494,0.0050718863,0.0000126310215,0.00017367846,0.0022063071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016519059,0.0000086361415,0.9994011,0.0000022648148,0.000023938295,0.000041929077,0.00019958275,0.00012234178,0.000066214925,0.0000023055647,0.0001277456,0.0000023504215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.044866588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06960615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.044866588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050190336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031854908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08921087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400470396","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007837","title":"Controls on Stable Methane Isotope Values in Northern Peatlands and Potential Shifts in Values Under Permafrost Thaw Scenarios","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"Biological and Environmental Research; National Science Foundation; Vetenskapsrådet; Polarforskningssekretariatet; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Peat; Permafrost; Bog; Boreal; Environmental science; Atmospheric methane; Vegetation (pathology); Methane; Environmental chemistry; Thermokarst; Vegetation type; Stable isotope ratio; Atmospheric sciences; Arctic; Isotopes of carbon; Taiga; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil science; Chemistry; Geology; Total organic carbon; Ecology; Forestry; Oceanography; Geography","score_opus":0.024629129708935577,"score_gpt":0.3151303554313698,"score_spread":0.2905012257224342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400470396","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99968886,0.0000150625,0.00004313588,0.00000483566,6.186541e-7,8.794173e-7,0.00008060195,0.0000031716304,0.00016288487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998319,0.0000071624595,0.000042607477,0.0000029729345,6.568697e-7,0.0000010529303,0.00007064235,0.0000014015612,0.00004147107],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988365,0.000029778854,0.000009021627,0.000034736375,0.000011387245,0.000031365063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995809,0.00011607222,0.00012656894,0.00002903148,0.00006105934,0.00008644663],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004159184,0.00022152133,0.0002012646,0.0003873797,0.00026703536,0.00052729144,0.00017058758,0.00019211571,0.0006928417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054571807,0.00012320034,0.00019273165,0.0002408956,0.0004216595,0.00028079827,0.0002378073,0.00011035685,0.00006975792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00054846774,0.000045091743,0.91295964,0.00003413231,0.00011145912,0.0002019115,0.0003969003,0.0019037619,0.0789707,0.0002045329,0.00011191308,0.0045116264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000016740385,0.000016200715,0.9984091,0.0000015008388,0.000005456544,0.000024244313,0.00011998664,0.00066045136,0.00065641996,0.00004216581,0.000059670103,0.0000032781459],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021448143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.038973704,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021448143,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053495256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022255615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.042646587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401038303","doi":"10.1029/2024jg007998","title":"A Novel Crossed Hysteresis Response Pattern of Sap Flux to Solar Radiation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Hysteresis; Radiation; Flux (metallurgy); Physics; Radiation flux; Optics; Materials science; Condensed matter physics","score_opus":0.029999399155103045,"score_gpt":0.32358772893222154,"score_spread":0.2935883297771185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401038303","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99056715,0.00014830954,0.0076828185,0.00003218434,0.0000140642005,0.000015935826,0.00020554542,0.00016946353,0.001164431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999321,0.000010306056,0.00048146755,0.0000064995943,0.0000044057,0.0000036970446,0.000049468552,0.000004597993,0.0001185084],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986815,0.000012407835,0.000009821661,0.000040873736,0.000036116384,0.00003265975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996455,0.00007265205,0.00009289698,0.000038030175,0.00009081108,0.000060118644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017072848,0.00014050893,0.00019555289,0.00071440614,0.00019737275,0.00031982776,0.00015226733,0.0001855225,0.0010320806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050085026,0.000114628,0.0001728469,0.00046493777,0.00023872986,0.00023109053,0.00022597045,0.00018615031,0.000113168106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004812179,0.00017732976,0.13843234,0.00016037391,0.000125529,0.0013054246,0.0005407476,0.0031576639,0.79560715,0.0011476354,0.0008154998,0.05804903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014432745,0.00025501734,0.9005383,0.000013695777,0.000037225716,0.0012532506,0.00024958735,0.048097827,0.046464406,0.0015658449,0.0014594716,0.000050963594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008177606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000689788,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010320806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013911935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000094529656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0034526587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401461315","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008150","title":"Enhancing Winter Wheat Representation in Noah‐MP‐Crop for Improved Dynamic Crop Growth Simulation in the North China Plain","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Crop; Winter wheat; Agronomy; China; Environmental science; Agricultural engineering; Mathematics; Biology; Geography; Engineering","score_opus":0.020044654442620567,"score_gpt":0.3277501394550285,"score_spread":0.30770548501240796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401461315","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98749685,0.00009847768,0.008009938,0.00018177503,0.00003597953,0.00003303469,0.0006326895,0.0003866604,0.0031245209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960258,0.0000337394,0.0031080225,0.000024446581,0.0000067669885,0.000026917669,0.00037307994,0.000026331512,0.0003748635],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998901,0.00003873108,0.000007289746,0.00002607309,0.000018550865,0.000019267713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999785,0.00008204561,0.000022098247,0.00002920086,0.000057986512,0.000023703664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043674282,0.0006884588,0.00048664282,0.0003162481,0.00037605668,0.00064243167,0.0008403539,0.0008428921,0.0011868774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00073272886,0.0002942639,0.0006606357,0.0004006036,0.00028599988,0.00047733192,0.0003869239,0.0005021397,0.00011978484],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006230357,0.00006335482,0.006704429,0.000027152533,0.000034102115,0.00007802011,0.000034463686,0.9870657,0.0024198692,0.00022615948,0.00029682467,0.0029875797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001702538,0.000011180894,0.0018546983,0.0000017413782,0.000006278418,0.0000031120403,0.000012338021,0.9975684,0.00035140096,0.00004419031,0.00012591973,0.0000035774303],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05093099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024966374,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05093099,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00068361673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007561168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10126907},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401515178","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007929","title":"Reconstructing and Mapping Annual Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Since 1940 Using Tree Rings in Southern Indiana, U.S.","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Positive Living North","funders":"Indiana State University","keywords":"Primary production; Net (polyhedron); Primary productivity; Tree (set theory); Dendrochronology; Productivity; Primary (astronomy); Forestry; Geography; Environmental science; Mathematics; Archaeology; Economics; Ecology; Biology; Combinatorics; Geometry; Economic growth","score_opus":0.0490926095026643,"score_gpt":0.30633026557941834,"score_spread":0.25723765607675403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401515178","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959409,0.00011153901,0.0008340234,0.00003924722,0.0000035488658,0.0000067932574,0.0020865584,0.000037365804,0.00094001164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99579066,0.00011756375,0.0017394458,0.000008457416,0.0000031832883,0.0000070018623,0.0018676887,0.000004449835,0.000461577],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999416,0.000010486007,0.0000048126803,0.00002020352,0.000010035817,0.000012909616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997662,0.00003095093,0.00005550813,0.000023208384,0.000093431365,0.000030674855],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026430486,0.00023437616,0.00008180067,0.0009051019,0.00023772297,0.00044478913,0.00017949835,0.00011283438,0.0005548246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032967495,0.00013591978,0.00020151827,0.0008812106,0.00011723539,0.0002799717,0.00021885574,0.0001421312,0.00014792984],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032071126,0.000032472202,0.98135513,0.000012501766,0.00003914886,0.000114782575,0.00011210354,0.0073872153,0.0009976055,0.00017090846,0.00067498477,0.009071143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000050679664,0.000025140433,0.9503043,0.000025610114,0.000041596955,0.000068118265,0.00052168703,0.04477193,0.0015941135,0.00009903883,0.0025320982,0.000011167794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.23320368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.38090497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23320368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009323442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00073319196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46369255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401686955","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007977","title":"Diagnosing Spring Onset Across the North American Arctic‐Boreal Region Using Complementary Satellite Environmental Data Records","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Spring (device); Arctic; Boreal; Satellite; Climatology; The arctic; Geography; Environmental science; Physical geography; Oceanography; Remote sensing; Geology; Archaeology; Engineering","score_opus":0.14156235145603938,"score_gpt":0.3674997902725841,"score_spread":0.22593743881654474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401686955","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965239,0.00012801733,0.00025982948,0.000018410292,0.000007830937,0.000010390949,0.0024298055,0.000018599652,0.00060307886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99570364,0.00010401112,0.00096699386,0.00001585131,0.0000063664784,0.000014098851,0.0029310263,0.0000033000993,0.0002547377],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998455,0.00002010456,0.000017404293,0.000053377637,0.000033765784,0.000029872292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932706,0.000069374,0.00019123421,0.00003852058,0.0002669977,0.00010685425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004834807,0.00025798994,0.00016660734,0.0011904257,0.0005188393,0.00051027397,0.00022281369,0.00017981116,0.0004178207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061901007,0.00013213317,0.00022884137,0.0010517963,0.00011577374,0.00023396422,0.00030706814,0.00012542504,0.000081244754],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004535961,0.000019620558,0.9925875,0.000015816146,0.000031914537,0.000048981256,0.000115457064,0.0007068964,0.0012248755,0.000020306185,0.00026556628,0.004917684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000021239002,0.000011294227,0.99681926,0.000008110889,0.000016345508,0.000016693886,0.00034648133,0.002025542,0.00023442693,0.000013878948,0.0005028166,0.0000030884298],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.31756005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6024458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31756005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007912936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010392794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6314233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401826272","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007819","title":"The Effect of Drying Boreal Lakes on Plants, Soils, and Microbial Communities in Lake Margin Habitats","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Habitat; Environmental science; Boreal; Soil water; Ecology; Taiga; Margin (machine learning); Hydrology (agriculture); Soil science; Biology; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.05194758115965682,"score_gpt":0.322044568751628,"score_spread":0.2700969875919712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401826272","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998118,0.00004243542,0.000013296958,0.000006303096,5.636612e-7,7.0979655e-7,0.00003848035,0.0000014131062,0.00008494578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998419,0.000025350817,0.00002542008,0.000006829779,8.170235e-7,9.412352e-7,0.00005969024,5.72865e-7,0.00003833507],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999217,0.00001695292,0.000006996182,0.000019265159,0.000015012539,0.000020046511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975294,0.000025554364,0.00010236056,0.000012901691,0.000035430065,0.00007088254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019636119,0.000118479824,0.0001404185,0.00033170747,0.00042297415,0.0004282895,0.00012336328,0.00017688221,0.0004970213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033177042,0.000095241645,0.00014399353,0.00032857424,0.00042930403,0.00031290774,0.0003871643,0.00014260213,0.000042995638],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019659,0.00003895169,0.9768503,0.000027813872,0.00006049317,0.000111117646,0.0006560735,0.00028210026,0.018444838,0.00004025946,0.000076642114,0.003214819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.9570536e-7,0.000012880551,0.9995561,9.917404e-7,0.0000035662754,0.000011871757,0.00017593853,0.00007613501,0.00011325556,0.00000598939,0.000041613523,0.0000010091022],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02473776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.055177644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02473776,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005162718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022958944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0491876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402523409","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008004","title":"Integrating State Data Assimilation and Innovative Model Parameterization Reduces Simulated Carbon Uptake in the Arctic and Boreal Region","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Office of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Boreal; Data assimilation; Tundra; Leaf area index; Atmospheric sciences; Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Plant functional type; Biomass (ecology); Carbon cycle; Climatology; Taiga; Boreal ecosystem; Arctic; Meteorology; Ecosystem; Ecology; Forestry; Geography","score_opus":0.18579190652082267,"score_gpt":0.3791729470813776,"score_spread":0.19338104056055494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402523409","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99716884,0.0000292631,0.0020343636,0.000032416454,0.000010390596,0.0000049282403,0.00007639049,0.00009226454,0.0005510805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99901116,0.000009318756,0.0008057006,0.0000084840485,0.0000014684579,0.00000487282,0.00008185516,0.000006221837,0.00007083224],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998598,0.000041321455,0.000009713192,0.000039883336,0.000021198572,0.00002815434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999694,0.00011968957,0.00004261022,0.000040390813,0.00008252742,0.000020702375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070583465,0.00060931686,0.00034505432,0.00019293555,0.00053409336,0.00060648343,0.00038168867,0.00047777346,0.00030308636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009632766,0.00023086084,0.000633772,0.00024006651,0.00033723545,0.00049263437,0.00028518058,0.00043106428,0.000040475286],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000114450995,0.00007387708,0.017220272,0.00001423094,0.000056395147,0.000026020249,0.000029482779,0.97357565,0.004243972,0.00023533007,0.00014274444,0.0042676907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001545547,0.000047704772,0.008539299,0.0000021947144,0.00001837973,0.0000034739521,0.000016746173,0.9893686,0.0017954034,0.00007519214,0.000107692555,0.000009898699],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14826234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.088207066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14826234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001247426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010291395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29479867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403372122","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007943","title":"A New Coupled Biogeochemical Modeling Approach Provides Accurate Predictions of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Across Diverse Tidal Wetlands","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Biological and Environmental Research","keywords":"Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Wetland; Greenhouse gas; Ecosystem; Methane; Atmospheric sciences; Flux (metallurgy); Primary production; Carbon dioxide; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Oceanography; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.03744824360632932,"score_gpt":0.32115664977693503,"score_spread":0.2837084061706057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403372122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90315527,0.000062204555,0.092609264,0.00019730389,0.000031256466,0.00004926702,0.0002675774,0.00040240702,0.0032253824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805664,0.000019095922,0.01876065,0.000028771983,0.000008830046,0.000039924886,0.00013489615,0.000025359996,0.00041602823],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998617,0.000034764376,0.000009587787,0.00005089324,0.000024692928,0.000018424524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971575,0.00010572885,0.00004090826,0.000043824624,0.000068361136,0.000025370664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005595768,0.0006725483,0.00049443165,0.00036535153,0.00045840858,0.0008027335,0.0009219829,0.00097000424,0.0006286156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009805392,0.0005243886,0.00077226775,0.00029186078,0.0004170563,0.00084620283,0.0007485118,0.0006733048,0.000086325286],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028491662,0.00005832455,0.0032801586,0.0000074242766,0.000043932236,0.000021559043,0.000012200891,0.9905157,0.0023956741,0.00032534203,0.00006988435,0.0032412559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000044181725,0.0000059674207,0.0003364905,3.835828e-7,0.0000033448057,0.0000013030981,0.0000017136547,0.9994128,0.0001379075,0.000068904876,0.000024841169,0.0000020030604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024979537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022265555,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024979537,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00079757045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00086102495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.049668252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403552357","doi":"10.1029/2023jg007863","title":"A 14,000‐Year Sediment Record of Mercury Accumulation and Isotopic Signatures From Lake Malaya Chabyda (Siberia)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Università degli Studi di Ferrara; Prix Inspiration Arctique; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Holocene; Mercury (programming language); Permafrost; Sediment; Younger Dryas; Glacial period; Geology; Interglacial; Physical geography; Environmental science; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Geography","score_opus":0.05685064097850906,"score_gpt":0.36417009066378586,"score_spread":0.3073194496852768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403552357","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.998982,0.00004642189,0.000040013365,0.0000080326,8.971021e-7,0.00000190124,0.00056729215,0.000009039455,0.00034423007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985629,0.00004387046,0.0001494126,0.000005417694,0.0000021509525,0.0000052037994,0.0009630478,0.0000027015833,0.00026547423],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999584,0.000004671268,0.000006389959,0.0000107596,0.000009909977,0.000009815823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986756,0.000011328085,0.000035889887,0.000011162728,0.000041971376,0.000032133157],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013556407,0.00021416794,0.00015844876,0.0012977404,0.0005706202,0.00040849342,0.00019389213,0.0001955076,0.0007973348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022926547,0.00017952386,0.00018569047,0.0008683069,0.00016992862,0.00016479542,0.00045517483,0.00011841193,0.00021307966],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000087593595,0.000021603268,0.9740297,0.000034218723,0.000101583115,0.00017228334,0.00040786932,0.0002479073,0.016029745,0.000026756732,0.00021664059,0.0086239325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014766294,0.000006040811,0.999171,0.0000028283162,0.000012340765,0.000032227355,0.000039125516,0.00021026061,0.00032743748,0.000002890204,0.00019277641,0.0000017382047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07468432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12398279,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07468432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061156816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005003833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14849925},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403565177","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008297","title":"Distinguishing the Impacts and Gradient Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Vegetation Cover in the Weihe River Basin, China","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province; National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"China; Climate change; Vegetation cover; Vegetation (pathology); Structural basin; Cover (algebra); Environmental science; Physical geography; Drainage basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Geography; Climatology; Ecology; Geology; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Land use; Archaeology; Cartography; Biology","score_opus":0.027200041089865033,"score_gpt":0.3125357527911288,"score_spread":0.28533571170126376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403565177","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99955326,0.000038340306,0.000113386326,0.000021686497,0.0000010715675,0.0000016780504,0.00007235185,0.0000032601379,0.00019496381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998124,0.000017420587,0.000047467416,0.000002414441,9.1151384e-7,0.0000018931548,0.00005765603,4.1679127e-7,0.000059370443],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984396,0.000043642754,0.00001530346,0.000032956665,0.000028183658,0.0000360157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975306,0.00007919141,0.000048267633,0.000019844088,0.000051150306,0.00004855003],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003542301,0.00017539301,0.0001440666,0.0008973376,0.00031920723,0.00039611594,0.00014462747,0.00013382264,0.0004305261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004821897,0.00011088703,0.00023847281,0.0009819162,0.00026106235,0.0002817062,0.00031132737,0.00010586599,0.00002600989],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002510455,0.000022324251,0.9868795,0.000022940128,0.00007107744,0.00011839988,0.0003410455,0.0020260673,0.0013663498,0.00024574145,0.0001365845,0.00874486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.4297286e-7,0.000007249885,0.99652064,0.0000033218676,0.000011301498,0.000013485176,0.00023078847,0.0029413018,0.0000699318,0.000057413945,0.00014107749,0.0000024561095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028935771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05257364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028935771,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005192059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005554278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.057534695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403766881","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008406","title":"High‐Latitude Eddy Covariance Temporal Network Design and Optimization","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; H2020 Societal Challenges","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Covariance; Latitude; Environmental science; Computer science; Mathematics; Geology; Geodesy; Statistics; Ecosystem","score_opus":0.07206518962478908,"score_gpt":0.32026763629383787,"score_spread":0.24820244666904878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403766881","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05463662,0.0001898065,0.9413253,0.00032089694,0.00004109287,0.00012471197,0.0002195876,0.00030890567,0.0028331485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6490146,0.00015728582,0.34656113,0.00017248656,0.000029963496,0.0004278223,0.0005565232,0.00014473911,0.0029353714],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897206,0.0006444827,0.000037681664,0.00015108513,0.000105408966,0.0000893422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99546814,0.0032288816,0.00032535652,0.00018177959,0.00064024294,0.00015552288],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002786225,0.0009429416,0.00073401554,0.0005409832,0.0004261209,0.00069591263,0.0008398647,0.0009138806,0.0027283942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0067550023,0.00050719036,0.00060913624,0.00058763847,0.0006035851,0.0008837908,0.0008686032,0.0011665096,0.00027007022],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024682739,0.000014393455,0.0003380974,0.000016641823,0.00000902637,0.000013031697,0.0000067923443,0.99212533,0.0002598363,0.0013477359,0.00019769093,0.005646768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000045491165,0.000009255414,0.00004880069,0.000001507501,0.0000017000316,0.0000016647303,0.0000026299185,0.99900657,0.00011188553,0.00071994367,0.000090487556,0.0000010060094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0076230275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008646867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0076230275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011924879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012450163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015157282},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404428117","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008367","title":"Emergence of Potential Anadromous Arctic Charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) Habitats in the Svalbard Archipelago After the End of the Little Ice Age","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Salvelinus; Fish migration; Archipelago; Arctic; Fishery; Habitat; Ecology; The arctic; Geography; Oceanography; Biology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Geology; Trout","score_opus":0.020750699386340114,"score_gpt":0.295268158642904,"score_spread":0.2745174592565639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404428117","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997781,0.000043623528,0.000011503231,0.000004322949,6.76781e-7,9.622053e-7,0.00003365976,0.000001005961,0.00012604098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997116,0.00003885349,0.00003763497,0.000002344987,0.000001758087,0.0000018623263,0.00011897085,5.6901615e-7,0.00008634306],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998362,0.000024375759,0.000014366276,0.000037588583,0.000027127126,0.000060221708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994056,0.00008187866,0.00022249458,0.000020863918,0.00009099395,0.00017801976],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003151204,0.00013411083,0.0001646156,0.001262437,0.0005676938,0.00089445035,0.00020114816,0.00021232259,0.0006288493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005657446,0.00009636174,0.00028925185,0.0005541077,0.00048210606,0.0003023216,0.00068052777,0.00021738828,0.000089484995],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000117407195,0.000017743527,0.995216,0.000013493183,0.00003199136,0.00011910208,0.000482948,0.00013359322,0.0014108829,0.00003014182,0.000051518284,0.0023750935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.7781606e-7,0.000016138592,0.9995204,0.0000018538799,0.0000042685024,0.000020381918,0.0002542154,0.00007262482,0.000056499288,0.000004705332,0.00004750191,8.309745e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021870326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07655743,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021870326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007223392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041688298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04348606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404938248","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008355","title":"Organic Matter Composition as a Driver of Soil Bacterial Responses to Pig Carcass Decomposition in a Canadian Continental Climate","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Institut national de la recherche scientifique; Chaminade University of Honolulu; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","keywords":"Topsoil; Dissolved organic carbon; Organic matter; Environmental science; Soil organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Ecosystem; Cycling; Nutrient cycle; Soil water; Soil carbon; Carbon cycle; Temperate climate; Ecology; Chemistry; Soil science; Biology","score_opus":0.023712260401081688,"score_gpt":0.3251266605555956,"score_spread":0.3014144001545139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404938248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978257,0.00015518232,0.000116653726,0.000057356665,0.00000251285,0.000005770971,0.0010175491,0.0000069584644,0.0008122908],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989058,0.00007069823,0.00012898218,0.000019684518,9.897294e-7,0.0000030676515,0.0004762418,0.0000035158223,0.0003910398],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998258,0.000010552666,0.000004848755,0.00005544451,0.000036969388,0.00006636903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995741,0.00002417599,0.00006127604,0.000014690046,0.00022956975,0.00009611736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020209013,0.00025790534,0.00023053397,0.00066645135,0.0012492262,0.0008407235,0.00039473458,0.00023417131,0.0011546419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037296786,0.00017470602,0.00021435283,0.0010285949,0.0004255983,0.00017482984,0.00032577544,0.0002507276,0.00010264382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017490129,0.000026669628,0.9700981,0.000031027368,0.0000598531,0.00009522167,0.00064229296,0.00045825075,0.022741508,0.000110082074,0.00046772324,0.0050943783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.952941e-7,0.000004778384,0.9991093,0.000002056161,0.0000047554267,0.000008281748,0.00026095888,0.00018861075,0.00018176633,0.0000042012225,0.00023134983,0.0000030394758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98273844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9936226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017261565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.011212797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006396425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.081354916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405208467","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008123","title":"Using Digital Camera and Eddy Covariance Data to Track Vegetation Phenology and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in the Badain Jaran Desert","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Enhanced vegetation index; Vegetation (pathology); Grassland; Phenology; Environmental science; Precipitation; Correlation coefficient; Atmospheric sciences; Seasonality; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Physical geography; Ecosystem; Leaf area index; Vegetation Index; Geography; Ecology; Meteorology; Geology; Mathematics; Statistics; Biology","score_opus":0.07840177202584352,"score_gpt":0.34782121384464243,"score_spread":0.2694194418187989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405208467","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99914765,0.000036415488,0.0004200803,0.000005147613,0.0000024972767,0.000005636643,0.00018561954,0.000015388217,0.00018166204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99723274,0.000030647265,0.0020827039,0.000006547378,0.0000028287582,0.0000128984475,0.00047675293,0.000002864645,0.00015210448],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999894,0.000019659956,0.0000049109735,0.000038268357,0.000025624158,0.000017567127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984133,0.00002529147,0.000039495317,0.0000126250025,0.000045408484,0.00003588279],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023465454,0.00022519616,0.0002527329,0.0008221309,0.00015590548,0.0003477628,0.00023864068,0.00016296032,0.00019147785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025468908,0.00014407291,0.00012186102,0.00060991937,0.00013196947,0.00018599968,0.00019588378,0.00009688176,0.000047814196],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003530617,0.00017723031,0.89212084,0.00011924001,0.00021184985,0.0002314848,0.00027380316,0.0051986743,0.069599316,0.00006495196,0.00038626726,0.031263206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015846563,0.00002656841,0.98578644,0.0000033534554,0.000022519265,0.00002830265,0.0000856127,0.012492158,0.0012430965,0.000012045201,0.00027692417,0.000007003406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02597169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.054895554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02597169,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035066318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025907796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.051641047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405417112","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008140","title":"Controls on Lake Pelagic Primary Productivity: Formalizing the Nutrient‐Color Paradigm","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Queen's University; Université du Québec à Montréal; Royal Ontario Museum; York University; University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; Biodiversa+; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Pelagic zone; Primary productivity; Productivity; Nutrient; Primary (astronomy); Environmental science; Oceanography; Computer science; Ecology; Geology; Biology; Economics","score_opus":0.06439843709755226,"score_gpt":0.35987562001444606,"score_spread":0.2954771829168938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405417112","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74146134,0.000297548,0.24096149,0.0010846545,0.00005547089,0.000064673186,0.00042705884,0.00018279097,0.015464986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99280626,0.000057984304,0.0066976557,0.000055444103,0.000011896828,0.000029517078,0.000042044147,0.000018348257,0.00028084643],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99960166,0.00015116623,0.00002505817,0.00011551915,0.00005077443,0.0000558449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844897,0.00077897287,0.000339219,0.00014911217,0.00021770617,0.00006606598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015613529,0.0005115616,0.00034253337,0.00034284111,0.000440257,0.0014466688,0.0010332759,0.00065779843,0.0014234417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0045231576,0.00032298293,0.0007350158,0.0003155187,0.001420566,0.0015626007,0.0011988835,0.00081701984,0.00011028616],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033182554,0.000044502027,0.011717313,0.000033440672,0.00006426897,0.00012813522,0.00016671709,0.8549049,0.0042000525,0.122537054,0.00048074342,0.0056896713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012654212,0.000015976024,0.003071174,0.0000065300765,0.000012680693,0.000012813478,0.000034708057,0.9452498,0.0003099481,0.05083595,0.0004226924,0.00001514007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02660848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014914439,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02660848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024478375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012898729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05290717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406194533","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008258","title":"Vertical Mixing, Light Penetration and Phosphorus Cycling Regulate Seasonal Algae Blooms in an Ice‐Covered Dimictic Lake","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Queen's University; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Hypolimnion; Water column; Spring bloom; Environmental science; Bloom; Cycling; Algal bloom; Photic zone; Oceanography; Biogeochemical cycle; Phytoplankton; Sea ice; Hydrology (agriculture); Nutrient; Eutrophication; Geology; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology","score_opus":0.01819861191201069,"score_gpt":0.31094543715573636,"score_spread":0.2927468252437257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406194533","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997441,0.0000068601094,0.00003406544,0.000009338071,4.1030538e-7,0.0000011935406,0.000049984406,0.0000037028062,0.0001503825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99980026,0.0000056924823,0.000048509046,0.000004436033,3.897841e-7,0.0000017881197,0.000058115398,0.0000011809826,0.000079562145],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999708,0.000002709813,0.000002341456,0.000009744276,0.0000043723385,0.00000995439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999397,0.000009112818,0.000014341014,0.0000028942457,0.000011287016,0.000022704753],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007172881,0.0001772403,0.00017437816,0.00023994889,0.00045454464,0.00053988857,0.00020234077,0.00019743599,0.00077285856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015711728,0.00021349372,0.00016297975,0.00025837615,0.00036903264,0.00025210858,0.0005288475,0.00015104323,0.00007467114],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006282297,0.0001986462,0.8587273,0.000057519803,0.000084220286,0.00027324824,0.00066019053,0.013708492,0.11961083,0.00036823153,0.0004703644,0.0052127396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000024521009,0.00005988214,0.96864086,0.0000026542639,0.00001796101,0.000021404805,0.00035404126,0.028623337,0.0019491744,0.0000960715,0.00020047401,0.00000961335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.042991117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.052370265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042991117,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012035777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005753329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0854817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406809397","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008375","title":"A Machine Learning Approach for Filling Long Gaps in Eddy Covariance Time Series Data in a Tropical Dry Forest","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Covariance; Series (stratigraphy); Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests; Environmental science; Time series; Tropical forest; Climatology; Meteorology; Mathematics; Statistics; Geology; Geography; Ecosystem; Agroforestry; Ecology","score_opus":0.02856386793684653,"score_gpt":0.30686022528291157,"score_spread":0.27829635734606506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406809397","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8408423,0.00033395042,0.15639405,0.00035601782,0.00003098919,0.00006831221,0.00028190252,0.00069512124,0.0009972381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9669958,0.00003749608,0.032335997,0.00003357968,0.000013561982,0.000037741902,0.00021934719,0.000012111682,0.0003143322],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965096,0.00014842444,0.00003740466,0.00009202498,0.000040461793,0.000030663043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982881,0.0011530856,0.00018006013,0.00009542659,0.00022904928,0.000054212756],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025240988,0.00058122934,0.00036276676,0.001172922,0.00039828484,0.00063382694,0.0006108269,0.00055808376,0.00036968777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0038229073,0.00025802266,0.00037565033,0.00064641767,0.00023419921,0.0006586331,0.00053335185,0.0005796311,0.000101494436],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021752212,0.00026503854,0.061220314,0.000041868567,0.00011637214,0.00009247811,0.0001254742,0.7988674,0.002643683,0.00077020534,0.0008526998,0.13478684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002597227,0.000015648084,0.0020548983,0.000002250527,0.0000027032654,0.0000042819156,0.000011537337,0.99747854,0.0002050688,0.00017284145,0.000047417532,0.0000022942688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012002186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012592791,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012002186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007370917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00078143086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023864686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407546314","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008178","title":"PDO Dynamics Shape the Fire Regime of Boreal Subarctic Landscapes in the Northwest Territories, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fondation de l’Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue; Belmont Forum; Polar Knowledge Canada","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Boreal; Taiga; Geography; Fire regime; Physical geography; Ecology; Environmental science; Climatology; Geology; Forestry; Archaeology; Ecosystem; Biology","score_opus":0.009981205248800704,"score_gpt":0.26917875471983627,"score_spread":0.25919754947103557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407546314","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956989,0.00021596704,0.00017137222,0.00006174438,0.0000039193083,0.000005749649,0.001677747,0.000010585192,0.0021540017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985738,0.00014011547,0.00016608479,0.0000144499045,0.0000012551618,0.0000031406157,0.000670565,0.0000054594175,0.00042506066],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998646,0.000009116131,0.000004931728,0.00004076708,0.0000257391,0.000054899767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954695,0.000030232803,0.00007261649,0.000021126842,0.00021083537,0.00011831518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018352138,0.00014889853,0.00017207567,0.000847884,0.0009448144,0.0011692435,0.0003401377,0.0001541948,0.0011897756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063291215,0.00014028978,0.00017027181,0.0013463584,0.00050060084,0.00026495935,0.00040811548,0.00023093435,0.00011916428],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005780376,0.000014776644,0.9881052,0.000016927084,0.00004489851,0.00006074304,0.00061320694,0.0010373576,0.0016250877,0.00019815346,0.0007133457,0.007512466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014525261,0.00000192243,0.99743515,0.000009521171,0.0000074114832,0.00002165266,0.0007721157,0.00073987857,0.000065356886,0.000026078322,0.00091446453,0.0000049454106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.96810687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98903394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.031893134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005539957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004472272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06416184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408256189","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008627","title":"Interplay of Seasonal Hydrology and Landscape Topography Drives Black Carbon Export in the Fraser River","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Tula Foundation; University of British Columbia; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Geography; Physical geography; Geology","score_opus":0.028860155538450432,"score_gpt":0.31965142113481615,"score_spread":0.2907912655963657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408256189","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988078,0.00003073985,0.000048452348,0.00003402825,9.3062965e-7,0.0000015229546,0.00033507033,0.000008524645,0.00073296763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992859,0.00003089125,0.00007607786,0.000011444771,8.1525565e-7,0.0000018040018,0.00020590327,0.0000043758196,0.0003829083],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999155,0.00000648584,0.000003516625,0.000034445664,0.000013949981,0.000026042888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997873,0.000032916134,0.00003981174,0.0000135377195,0.000091635084,0.00003485756],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010743507,0.00016433002,0.0001775964,0.0004988106,0.00072106585,0.00088164565,0.00028065935,0.00024472486,0.0015702896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036783723,0.0001345838,0.0001476739,0.00081573514,0.00039264673,0.00027513638,0.00021151153,0.00029726443,0.00014124249],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006579491,0.00002273627,0.97799677,0.000022080338,0.000051173687,0.00015285629,0.00065495825,0.0010098598,0.01282014,0.00018028193,0.00044865944,0.0065747057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.49544e-7,0.0000024227352,0.9985631,0.0000033468102,0.0000062127924,0.000014053518,0.00035883373,0.00056569115,0.00019479037,0.000016910168,0.00027018777,0.000003633389],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.74922734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.82277995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25077266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024345578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015925386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50449896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408458127","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008871","title":"Honoring Our 2024 Reviewers: Advancing Excellence and Equity in <i>JGR Biogeosciences</i>","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Research Data Management Practices","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Excellence; Equity (law); Political science; Media studies; Psychology; Management; Sociology; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.13154456502180284,"score_gpt":0.4709469517558501,"score_spread":0.33940238673404727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408458127","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.001764141,0.008123674,0.017337583,0.46796718,0.46929592,0.0010393112,0.0015651791,0.0046545104,0.028252576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05338826,0.017762946,0.07124681,0.24177353,0.41809985,0.003208005,0.0049348976,0.017183434,0.17240228],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.7835093,0.051659357,0.025114458,0.01793509,0.1114435,0.010338239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.17071687,0.049452648,0.03556748,0.04949173,0.60047644,0.094294876],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.19847845,0.0019655265,0.005074649,0.010112124,0.0070898123,0.051376395,0.0071420586,0.012780967,0.049367342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.54108924,0.0017806913,0.002557228,0.008884488,0.009647943,0.0136547545,0.012687914,0.013441806,0.0825553],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029555604,0.000011065113,0.00048688287,0.00017093071,0.000029612202,0.000063363,0.00019445852,0.000037506332,0.00029969364,0.0012699622,0.9746532,0.022753814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000049888084,0.000035181514,0.0018716197,0.00051434484,0.000056819445,0.00021952014,0.00057140813,0.00034367768,0.00057196233,0.0066785943,0.98896724,0.00011977622],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004354608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009223473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80152154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008364515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06264731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98841876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408748873","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008645","title":"Seasonally Dynamic Dissolved Carbon Cycling in a Large Hard Water Lake","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement; Université de Lausanne; Université de Genève; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Université Savoie Mont Blanc; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cycling; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Dissolved organic carbon; Oceanography; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Geology; Geography; Materials science; Biology; Ecosystem; Forestry; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.018791762445632895,"score_gpt":0.2952213260003687,"score_spread":0.2764295635547358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408748873","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997502,0.000008901722,0.000015664453,0.0000064572628,3.6913784e-7,0.0000014531162,0.00007641817,0.000003349265,0.00013715737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999724,0.0000069702533,0.000042875152,0.000004208448,0.0000011960984,0.000003908757,0.00011749814,0.0000012468524,0.000098130404],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999379,0.0000066730727,0.00000411985,0.000018216055,0.000014436096,0.000018676476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998814,0.00001862267,0.000027760032,0.000006558522,0.00002453658,0.000041074585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009713365,0.00021138575,0.00023719206,0.0005474091,0.0005598163,0.0006532917,0.00018645835,0.00024116378,0.0006197152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019645705,0.00013288522,0.00010008423,0.0004990836,0.00032762054,0.0002810018,0.00053217984,0.0001252859,0.00007394257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029964783,0.00007148735,0.94966483,0.000033001917,0.00007335599,0.00061608385,0.0010055158,0.00094312604,0.04173819,0.000065729924,0.00028497537,0.0052040187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000058862606,0.000030046494,0.9978861,0.0000013324744,0.000008715505,0.000034695222,0.00022921398,0.000981177,0.0005910525,0.00001196483,0.0002153876,0.0000043531154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025654081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04004621,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025654081,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007462957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002712891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.051009536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409609975","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008337","title":"Redox Properties of Peat Particulate Organic Matter From Five Ombrotrophic Bogs in Central Sweden","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ombrotrophic; Peat; Bog; Particulates; Redox; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geography; Inorganic chemistry; Archaeology","score_opus":0.023001724674874144,"score_gpt":0.2883495927284322,"score_spread":0.26534786805355803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409609975","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99951375,0.00007701003,0.00007646315,0.000002110724,0.0000017111755,0.0000049160585,0.00016179934,0.000003624805,0.00015853114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989066,0.00009495694,0.00032339946,0.000008331252,0.0000030029944,0.0000128902775,0.0004171512,0.000004672807,0.00022901181],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998524,0.000011026326,0.0000128837555,0.000051058007,0.000039135284,0.000033454275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998703,0.000017781918,0.00002513401,0.000005636912,0.00005459256,0.000026507872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017230306,0.000582461,0.00044194984,0.0017584974,0.00087620754,0.0009230069,0.00028960145,0.00039961803,0.00030577424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016562309,0.00027267405,0.00030178105,0.0007739264,0.00036451206,0.00024332819,0.00051750377,0.00017781719,0.000112994174],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00089522416,0.00018178254,0.45036176,0.00033968317,0.00022255104,0.00056387845,0.0034170279,0.00080665434,0.53215593,0.0000956731,0.00007799918,0.010881887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007766965,0.000104306666,0.9867491,0.000018328024,0.000045449164,0.00012770113,0.0016568701,0.00053253473,0.010206217,0.000028077455,0.0005144101,0.000009288368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027681485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.039365236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027681485,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040502555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039295419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.055040717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409702307","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008359","title":"Modeled Seed Accumulation Patterns Explain Spatial Heterogeneity of Shrub Recruitment Within the Taiga‐Tundra Ecotone","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Wilfrid Laurier University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Global Water Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; ArcticNet; Weston Family Foundation; Aurora Research Institute; Polar Knowledge Canada","keywords":"Tundra; Ecotone; Taiga; Shrub; Spatial heterogeneity; Ecology; Boreal; Geography; Physical geography; Environmental science; Biology; Ecosystem","score_opus":0.22417272478068284,"score_gpt":0.40739987363514335,"score_spread":0.1832271488544605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409702307","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967026,0.00003735243,0.002591686,0.00004030784,0.0000024252654,0.000005772931,0.00020109092,0.00006619768,0.00035259334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992717,0.000013353398,0.00047510545,0.000006362738,0.0000016573836,0.0000053070826,0.00010045774,0.0000064268643,0.000119656],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999871,0.0000371273,0.0000067350497,0.000049973307,0.0000069753683,0.00002808509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937767,0.0003368934,0.00011581567,0.00005077724,0.000051896735,0.0000669811],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006655453,0.00050685136,0.00041093727,0.0006102918,0.00032850314,0.00075762643,0.0006729734,0.0004985081,0.0011126524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014494329,0.00034830978,0.00067953166,0.00047450064,0.000297586,0.00044864218,0.0003829959,0.0002446122,0.00020402604],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009754873,0.000066369736,0.27941653,0.00002413715,0.00016057886,0.00010703664,0.000066455555,0.71310157,0.0028060977,0.0005464643,0.00023392445,0.003373283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010709707,0.000018522654,0.04351751,0.0000038493554,0.000017721579,0.000019595449,0.000033472992,0.95584863,0.00017364358,0.00026980892,0.000080150334,0.0000063653893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07198521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.065150864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07198521,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012157265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00062691374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14313245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410283428","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008758","title":"Evidence of Mineral Alteration in a Salt Marsh Subterranean Estuary: Implications for Carbon and Trace Element Cycling","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey; Ocean Frontier Institute; Dalhousie University","keywords":"Salt marsh; Trace element; Cycling; Estuary; Mineral; Environmental chemistry; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Geochemistry; Geology; Earth science; Oceanography; Chemistry; Ecology; Archaeology; Geography; Ecosystem; Biology; Materials science","score_opus":0.07232558215255108,"score_gpt":0.3544250805476927,"score_spread":0.2820994983951416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410283428","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99971205,0.000016000773,0.00002223041,0.0000089351815,5.367488e-7,9.1712025e-7,0.00006418244,0.0000022653876,0.0001727713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99967027,0.000021732829,0.00007573994,0.0000075084586,0.0000014423996,0.0000016966359,0.00009296257,9.209822e-7,0.00012778502],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999949,0.000004770561,0.00000741541,0.000017273667,0.000012293757,0.000009327158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978787,0.00002248277,0.00006543743,0.00001174732,0.000068810405,0.000043709824],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012323994,0.00014948192,0.00016472739,0.00069310685,0.0005223483,0.0003555052,0.00019057826,0.00027242175,0.00041835598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019384982,0.00012737868,0.00014716673,0.0005399547,0.00040125812,0.00018536902,0.00032619626,0.000114761,0.00006562333],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001633675,0.000045899225,0.8887562,0.000028629824,0.000040330964,0.00029712263,0.0003055982,0.00022309342,0.10735505,0.00005051082,0.00006235707,0.002671854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000026786042,0.000029558696,0.998083,0.0000012940735,0.000006982651,0.00004880898,0.00012706705,0.000378791,0.0011802107,0.000016215778,0.00012340814,0.0000019834351],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029391073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06816457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029391073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044606972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038580108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05844003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410339502","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008806","title":"Optimizing the Temperature Sensitivity of the Isoprene Emission Model MEGAN in Different Ecosystems Using a Metropolis‐Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"European Social Fund; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Environment Research Council; Canadian Space Agency; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Vetenskapsrådet; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; National Research Foundation; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Polarforskningssekretariatet; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; European Regional Development Fund; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; California Institute of Technology; Academy of Finland; University of Oxford","keywords":"Isoprene; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Metropolis–Hastings algorithm; Sensitivity (control systems); Monte Carlo method; Markov chain; Environmental science; Mathematics; Statistics; Chemistry; Engineering","score_opus":0.03290870026930304,"score_gpt":0.32011874197541196,"score_spread":0.2872100417061089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410339502","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90596753,0.00014602528,0.09082991,0.00021992375,0.000029600988,0.000057660644,0.00018887637,0.00036856686,0.0021919312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98527724,0.000020006772,0.014243166,0.000026704702,0.000004704947,0.000035622143,0.00009821361,0.000027221124,0.00026704767],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99977154,0.00009908763,0.00001004698,0.00004931145,0.00002665964,0.000043346714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983766,0.0012262762,0.00009541294,0.00006461241,0.00016574444,0.00007129333],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013213734,0.0005992142,0.00064541056,0.00034852218,0.0005387992,0.00055667514,0.00077818165,0.0008820301,0.00087723666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026388715,0.00054909516,0.00073524204,0.00025371648,0.0006210882,0.00047684074,0.00050588505,0.00095270405,0.0000756579],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016413203,0.000009466721,0.0007423844,0.0000042144516,0.000007685109,0.000005319169,0.000003236995,0.9983442,0.0002427787,0.00010709789,0.000017922826,0.00049937767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000031197444,0.000004733659,0.00010888942,5.359211e-7,0.0000015602241,5.5911914e-7,0.0000014255974,0.99966896,0.00015977616,0.00003999378,0.000009261923,0.0000012068119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0488047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028977731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0488047,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015407725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015160468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09704125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410452125","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008607","title":"Multi‐Year Nutrient and Organic Carbon Mass Balance of a Young Boreal Hydroelectric Reservoir Complex","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Boreal; Hydroelectricity; Environmental science; Nutrient; Balance (ability); Carbon fibers; Total organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Chemistry; Biology; Mathematics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.026677069047523313,"score_gpt":0.2878076484730788,"score_spread":0.2611305794255555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410452125","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99965644,0.000008356618,0.000030108584,0.000005372185,3.1396985e-7,0.0000033037595,0.00017632794,0.0000018883231,0.00011784211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99942553,0.000009360181,0.0000992788,0.000004559139,7.120215e-7,0.0000044888075,0.00018964548,8.6598527e-7,0.0002655835],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992645,0.000008198554,0.0000031131556,0.000022162689,0.000016462012,0.000023634599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959546,0.00002936863,0.00009406982,0.000015836149,0.00013713811,0.00012812285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015197157,0.00017141605,0.00018187812,0.0004897495,0.0008495613,0.00057033176,0.00039677919,0.00019174586,0.0006287945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002604381,0.00012879595,0.00011308644,0.00045392028,0.00034516928,0.00023300808,0.00030285472,0.00015724932,0.00011047267],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042146483,0.000041889463,0.99188554,0.000005857017,0.000021166405,0.00022608934,0.0006252778,0.00029398684,0.00483938,0.000020216126,0.00010674827,0.0018917164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.046228e-7,0.000015825259,0.9989557,0.0000011356595,0.00000238001,0.000034160465,0.00031167254,0.0004243602,0.00009721309,0.0000038969133,0.00015059502,0.0000023381112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6194509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.83956575,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6194509,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0032790566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011161646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7655804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410452859","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008363","title":"Evaluating Hysteresis Patterns in Sap Flow of a Red Pine Forest Subjected to Different Variable Retention Harvesting Treatments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Global Water Futures","keywords":"Hysteresis; Variable (mathematics); Environmental science; Flow (mathematics); Forestry; Mathematics; Soil science; Geography; Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.05607288983043403,"score_gpt":0.3511125381498914,"score_spread":0.2950396483194574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410452859","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997547,0.000024908368,0.00007280982,0.0000013953012,0.0000011773483,0.0000037170294,0.00004949045,0.0000033799943,0.00008842042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99958855,0.000014566848,0.00010595915,0.0000044463845,7.271279e-7,0.0000063160323,0.0001092917,0.0000012876861,0.00016892483],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991596,0.000008181081,0.0000046381197,0.000021068112,0.00002160237,0.000028510318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998462,0.000025417183,0.000032062013,0.000008998201,0.000043853423,0.000043380474],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015869219,0.00015651275,0.00021507364,0.00020835856,0.0002621473,0.00029288098,0.00015691815,0.00011070847,0.0003771585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012676774,0.000071931296,0.00020618268,0.00018475339,0.00017557824,0.000116696356,0.000119094766,0.00022571358,0.000038017668],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002013472,0.00080757425,0.2644019,0.00013123803,0.00012738818,0.00029162227,0.00069003884,0.0030945472,0.70385414,0.000088365196,0.00017843809,0.024321357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000070037113,0.00074700126,0.97671837,0.000003228703,0.000024330344,0.000024631374,0.0003791231,0.0024655862,0.019400338,0.000017071157,0.0002039149,0.000009488201],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02811784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.041385937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02811784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005014099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028034137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.055908322},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410923181","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008863","title":"Natural H<sub>2</sub> and Sulfate Production via Radiolysis in Low Porosity and Permeability Crystalline Rocks","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nuclear Waste Management Organization","keywords":"Porosity; Sulfate; Permeability (electromagnetism); Radiolysis; Natural (archaeology); Mineralogy; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Geology; Composite material; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.01238529908973951,"score_gpt":0.2750696000164848,"score_spread":0.2626843009267453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410923181","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982553,0.00002603307,0.0010219481,0.00000934185,2.8726254e-7,0.000009386897,0.00015838788,0.000019952045,0.00049928797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988171,0.000026714371,0.0009108245,0.0000025957763,1.6768281e-7,0.0000038157877,0.00010571565,0.000004140916,0.00012909144],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998375,0.000014579512,0.000006160662,0.00005486049,0.000052224088,0.000034628698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978334,0.00007371151,0.00006293765,0.00001453344,0.000047378166,0.000018046323],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002491318,0.00020457264,0.00018519943,0.0003453271,0.0004812475,0.0004948494,0.0004541533,0.00024692333,0.00051246985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050329335,0.00020602214,0.00023704125,0.0003009255,0.0005116823,0.00019428057,0.00022440845,0.00014558509,0.000098530094],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031831482,0.000094663876,0.67187274,0.00011618442,0.00009862419,0.00031744354,0.0005997274,0.057226826,0.2597161,0.0007068315,0.00020840824,0.008724115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000063894884,0.0003659653,0.7148754,0.000019696847,0.000058654492,0.0003868757,0.0009932109,0.16440843,0.11699049,0.000513773,0.0012588514,0.00006471455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.38624963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.43486795,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38624963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0034096716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014320592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7680028},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410948203","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009136","title":"Reducing Uncertainties in Net Carbon Capture to Advance Wetlands as Natural Climate Solutions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Western University; University of Toronto; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada","keywords":"Wetland; Natural (archaeology); Net (polyhedron); Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Climate change; Carbon fibers; Environmental resource management; Geography; Economics; Ecology; Computer science; Mathematics; Archaeology; Biology","score_opus":0.02505888243987518,"score_gpt":0.3369554716885607,"score_spread":0.3118965892486855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410948203","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67097276,0.0002683051,0.31933913,0.0014659415,0.0000410598,0.0000646071,0.00031248317,0.0005868552,0.006948821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98770267,0.000034412435,0.011841239,0.000058395894,0.0000066723887,0.000013103706,0.00006125997,0.000010804668,0.00027137468],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995473,0.00020126214,0.000019368052,0.00010113362,0.00007428818,0.000056601173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969021,0.0020221437,0.00045741783,0.00019268546,0.00031908648,0.000106643354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023444258,0.0004692638,0.0003682842,0.00045707123,0.0002167562,0.0010095643,0.0006097645,0.000573615,0.0011648684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007275096,0.00019148151,0.0002789789,0.0003022896,0.00051130785,0.0015179833,0.0009538197,0.00080175046,0.00013336481],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005373351,0.000053345924,0.007467374,0.00003340777,0.000038194044,0.000022656279,0.00003306854,0.964168,0.0013352555,0.0032458068,0.00040778297,0.023141434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000040570244,0.000019891046,0.0015922288,0.000006997366,0.000007096363,0.0000037335624,0.00001752936,0.9921823,0.00079932064,0.0051255627,0.00023545219,0.0000057758202],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010416052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013274025,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010416052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011916567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013907102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020710886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411347491","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009048","title":"Zoogeochemistry: Breaking Down the Silos Between Biogeochemistry and Zoology","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Information silo; Geology; Biology; Geography; Archaeology; Ecology; Silo","score_opus":0.021487799193579363,"score_gpt":0.33107071867978866,"score_spread":0.3095829194862093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411347491","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2419498,0.05862742,0.53829265,0.06616182,0.0035801395,0.000120823715,0.00090906164,0.0008727057,0.08948559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.922569,0.016098551,0.0504456,0.0039140955,0.001503244,0.000099991776,0.00018293536,0.00029144215,0.0048952675],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999448,0.00024633599,0.000030758965,0.00012076504,0.000099169454,0.000054972326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970943,0.0014590725,0.00035647955,0.00033546332,0.00025122083,0.00050341454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025179044,0.00091064203,0.00089353416,0.0022364256,0.0009785752,0.004005531,0.0012824966,0.001436607,0.0066681895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0049316864,0.0004938471,0.0007863587,0.0012697653,0.009662858,0.009818862,0.004451487,0.0032186636,0.0006203419],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011707101,0.00010775074,0.018505104,0.0006317812,0.00039759697,0.0002728251,0.0013446145,0.02804744,0.0032396575,0.87995285,0.005925096,0.061458267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000024602645,0.00009831265,0.029086523,0.0006590273,0.00008346758,0.00013692905,0.0013366465,0.040495966,0.00057015865,0.8799187,0.047509078,0.00008067451],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010700187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009739226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010700187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001307594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012242297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022307277},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411574267","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008620","title":"Effects of Total Suspended Solids on Photomineralization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Peace‐Athabasca Delta, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Geological Society of America; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Colored dissolved organic matter; Sunlight; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Downwelling; Absorption (acoustics); Attenuation; Environmental chemistry; Suspended solids; Hydrology (agriculture); Atmospheric sciences; Chemistry; Nutrient; Wastewater; Oceanography; Environmental engineering; Geology; Physics; Optics; Phytoplankton","score_opus":0.010850528592671296,"score_gpt":0.2589224041422701,"score_spread":0.24807187554959878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411574267","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975872,0.0001247619,0.000099395744,0.00006887582,0.0000032405737,0.000012576902,0.0006542669,0.000009124107,0.0014406617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981018,0.00011941088,0.0001949947,0.00003806612,9.908359e-7,0.000007602615,0.00040928932,0.000004271906,0.0011236415],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99960583,0.000025357813,0.000011848347,0.00007047539,0.00019138098,0.0000951313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901175,0.000073879535,0.000094699324,0.000020198579,0.0006126187,0.00018680625],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021319935,0.00036834358,0.00023115247,0.0006192184,0.0019119977,0.00091646425,0.0005963089,0.00018143558,0.0011283739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006273166,0.00022188663,0.00026589062,0.0009578199,0.00058489013,0.00021680148,0.0004158379,0.0003282552,0.00011452137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00073938875,0.0001428608,0.9221254,0.00011218234,0.00012755058,0.00023108414,0.0009918622,0.0015994828,0.059957344,0.00021409895,0.0009254593,0.012833246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007846744,0.00004641743,0.9940698,0.00000786801,0.000018441211,0.000016454267,0.00076378766,0.00086005725,0.0034503704,0.000022048414,0.00072811136,0.000008939316],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9842918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9913601,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017456252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.017456252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0115832845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.12665457},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412361025","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008674","title":"Fuel Loads and Peat Smoldering Carbon Loss Increase Following Drainage in a Forested Boreal Peatland","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia; McMaster University","funders":"Global Water Futures; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Peat; Boreal; Environmental science; Drainage; Carbon fibers; Hydrology (agriculture); Forestry; Physical geography; Geology; Ecology; Geography; Geotechnical engineering; Archaeology","score_opus":0.016140229753957038,"score_gpt":0.30609552352585273,"score_spread":0.2899552937718957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412361025","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999853,0.000009109118,0.000024391866,0.0000037361178,2.3917644e-7,0.0000010704117,0.000038515573,0.000001298384,0.00006851262],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99981946,0.0000067937854,0.00004524578,0.0000026404932,4.0604803e-7,0.000001062887,0.00004146557,3.5798055e-7,0.000082565166],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999467,0.000005983377,0.0000030395586,0.000010495927,0.000012034696,0.000021760949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980956,0.000023398787,0.00006693839,0.000007921821,0.000038285674,0.00005389001],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013049874,0.00011771944,0.00012756721,0.00035349335,0.00039306397,0.00051552756,0.00019897167,0.00015476941,0.00054798543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003023458,0.00008595662,0.00010867917,0.0003384999,0.00033788342,0.00016246214,0.00022785508,0.00015885131,0.000041635038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006931106,0.000050649996,0.9937116,0.000006003675,0.000017751221,0.00015703414,0.00025810674,0.0005201231,0.003378981,0.000022064338,0.00003672951,0.0017717077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.890776e-7,0.000010074211,0.9992218,9.567311e-7,0.0000019391985,0.000027821096,0.00026479323,0.00033452292,0.000093074465,0.000009530298,0.00003381343,0.0000010179853],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.24073187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.52418894,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24073187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013466604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059854327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4786613},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412458184","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008694","title":"Large Variability in the Radiocarbon Signature of Greenhouse Gases From Incubations of Thermokarst Lake Sediments Linked to Methane Production Rates and CH<sub>4</sub>:CO<sub>2</sub> Ratios","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Northern Studies; McGill University; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; University of California, Irvine; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; University of Warwick; McGill University","keywords":"Thermokarst; Methane; Radiocarbon dating; Greenhouse gas; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Isotopic signature; Signature (topology); Chemistry; Geology; Oceanography; Stable isotope ratio; Paleontology; Physics","score_opus":0.01950723453326958,"score_gpt":0.30320666662509604,"score_spread":0.28369943209182646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412458184","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99926406,0.000059293645,0.00021751497,0.000007812097,0.0000030349588,0.0000048565516,0.00027149913,0.000008701644,0.00016327888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99846363,0.000057003694,0.00053024705,0.000021199274,0.00000381062,0.000030212997,0.0006232644,0.000013934761,0.0002567801],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997775,0.00003289736,0.00002169457,0.00009285992,0.000044110162,0.000030992753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955696,0.000096036456,0.00017033887,0.000045735032,0.000077622564,0.00005332688],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032329778,0.00035731727,0.00027747167,0.00031685442,0.00039924032,0.00062835356,0.00019719067,0.0002707493,0.00044398702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004699834,0.0003838511,0.0002600741,0.00036744695,0.00049613597,0.00027833306,0.0004743912,0.00034940612,0.00009228252],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004426245,0.000027717784,0.06779229,0.00003911019,0.000067440764,0.000057940415,0.0001991893,0.00026355195,0.92920434,0.00002659517,0.000042542593,0.001836554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007282094,0.00024257459,0.92610335,0.000004851642,0.000063995554,0.000056851608,0.00014119636,0.0007328497,0.07224706,0.000029931249,0.0003543784,0.000015582185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003615393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006234833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003615393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004132123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002445441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007188678},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412552345","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008639","title":"Plant Community Shifts as Early Indicators of Abrupt Permafrost Thaw and Associated Carbon Release in an Interior Alaskan Peatland","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Northern Research Station; Pacific Northwest Research Station; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Peat; Permafrost; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Physical geography; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Oceanography; Biology; Materials science","score_opus":0.048179051674959,"score_gpt":0.3321340555567843,"score_spread":0.2839550038818253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412552345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998828,0.000011449425,0.000025661384,0.0000013038378,2.1284403e-7,8.1286385e-7,0.000035287198,0.0000010326469,0.000041490228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99982435,0.00001028073,0.00007969195,0.000001722246,4.427085e-7,0.0000016602243,0.00005297497,2.6512717e-7,0.000028659022],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994206,0.000014063171,0.0000047086633,0.000016783884,0.000009194294,0.000013189324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997882,0.000049942344,0.00007094415,0.000010792274,0.000029466772,0.000050752293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024366668,0.00012855094,0.00013304091,0.00067077484,0.0003474056,0.0002962493,0.00012877815,0.00017457845,0.0003413699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030565562,0.00010104193,0.00011478519,0.00034334432,0.00021327338,0.00020174915,0.00027581453,0.00011619867,0.0000386981],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007296143,0.000026967426,0.988936,0.000011059444,0.000021694887,0.000086908745,0.0005187497,0.00041826346,0.007872297,0.00002302815,0.000016370725,0.0019957705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.504927e-7,0.000016817443,0.99890065,0.0000016533005,0.0000031394873,0.00002304741,0.00031893104,0.0005438272,0.00014476357,0.000013888258,0.000031482647,0.0000013285529],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013317357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03685982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013317357,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033858218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018248611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026479661},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412733423","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008721","title":"Shrub Expansion Can Counteract Carbon Losses From Warming Tundra","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; Université de Montréal; Center for Northern Studies","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Tundra; Shrub; Global warming; Carbon fibers; Climate change; Environmental science; Ecology; Natural resource economics; Ecosystem; Economics; Biology; Computer science","score_opus":0.06747854895173024,"score_gpt":0.34621593627480174,"score_spread":0.2787373873230715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412733423","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99330515,0.0001416925,0.00164858,0.00012968885,0.000019039777,0.0000086187765,0.0003183727,0.000119858305,0.004308926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990946,0.000049393617,0.00041580488,0.000035128487,0.0000033095603,0.0000041262965,0.00009625218,0.000013230038,0.0002882334],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990153,0.000020181644,0.0000034717832,0.00002037243,0.000010133288,0.00004430177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998498,0.000029530083,0.000023097247,0.000017284083,0.000034905686,0.00004529313],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024757232,0.00041323202,0.00025622424,0.00025292716,0.00043556435,0.00070889475,0.0005645644,0.00044661862,0.0022949206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005538783,0.0001445402,0.0005057754,0.00024292113,0.00034394485,0.0004427261,0.00045172384,0.00027969264,0.00016690069],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002392554,0.00011986896,0.050095648,0.0000976785,0.00021893567,0.00024644655,0.00005221412,0.9131178,0.022889826,0.0019434076,0.0011890421,0.009789748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001206721,0.00023955363,0.09189091,0.000034055898,0.00017679387,0.000078054116,0.00030066597,0.89642566,0.005582092,0.00156339,0.0035472666,0.000040906343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14047264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14938238,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14047264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012038357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013696776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27931},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412737128","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009071","title":"Investigating the Atmospheric Microbial Ecosystem Through Theory, Bioenergetics, and Numerical Modeling: A Breath of Fresh Air for Aeromicrobiology","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Human Frontier Science Program; HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Environmental science; Ecosystem; Bioenergetics; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Biology; Physics","score_opus":0.021021079174917207,"score_gpt":0.28829968011897733,"score_spread":0.26727860094406014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412737128","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23921014,0.033185344,0.6244506,0.07557811,0.0012795425,0.00016537307,0.00056564517,0.00051958574,0.025045628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7964183,0.018749325,0.17908357,0.0015661315,0.0007739221,0.0002541034,0.00012822384,0.00018101836,0.002845366],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996438,0.00021813619,0.000015062165,0.00003441703,0.00006531155,0.000023281864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980337,0.0015266753,0.00010374047,0.00012397746,0.00010143923,0.00011040672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017843397,0.0006100647,0.0007061189,0.000591963,0.0007672401,0.0022697353,0.0013636397,0.0016232212,0.0012957309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0038696702,0.00028276778,0.00082762516,0.00047927027,0.0034471883,0.0032996708,0.0026051633,0.0023154984,0.0001942602],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006614534,0.00016381888,0.004519496,0.00035197215,0.00007819183,0.00020376102,0.00048185154,0.5477893,0.0059706043,0.4188419,0.0030531252,0.018479865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019347652,0.000041998886,0.0005874681,0.0001162899,0.00001415032,0.00001533453,0.0002377267,0.7597029,0.00083472644,0.23256674,0.00583346,0.000029896179],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008404497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005599977,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008404497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012704979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015614979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016711175},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412834755","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008899","title":"Signatures of Arctic Change: Molecular‐Level Composition and Bioavailability of Shifting Dissolved Organic Matter Sources","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"State of Florida; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Permafrost; Environmental chemistry; Biogeochemical cycle; Arctic; Organic matter; Environmental science; Thermokarst; Chemistry; Total organic carbon; Tundra; Oceanography; Geology","score_opus":0.07035043640870411,"score_gpt":0.328767317877657,"score_spread":0.2584168814689529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412834755","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99897814,0.0001259077,0.00022611572,0.000009995883,0.0000023891598,0.000002654955,0.00034497146,0.000006070568,0.00030383002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99896,0.00013704048,0.0002790091,0.000015750735,0.0000028989868,0.0000033352242,0.00037838306,0.000003451376,0.00022023747],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992275,0.000006648896,0.0000035126047,0.000028076263,0.000020389034,0.000018697116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998977,0.000010618147,0.00002453333,0.0000040199875,0.000047750113,0.000015311627],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011527637,0.00020710756,0.00017099812,0.00036606187,0.00031122766,0.00045498964,0.00009015986,0.00018906985,0.0003742005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012142407,0.00008559859,0.00012776832,0.00032053626,0.00013348249,0.00016408498,0.00018656558,0.00018228647,0.000084218766],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033684328,0.0000393027,0.22889642,0.00007220805,0.00011296741,0.000098627446,0.00015535924,0.00075874286,0.76214856,0.00007583311,0.000095147065,0.0072100363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004148246,0.00012222439,0.91969573,0.000007997547,0.0000417816,0.00008994264,0.00040801283,0.002431966,0.07630244,0.00004380788,0.0008399874,0.0000118869475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013931191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014526894,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013931191,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035337408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024215571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027700186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412834788","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008878","title":"Quantifying Topographic Effects on Carbon and Water Fluxes Over Mountainous Areas","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Evapotranspiration; Leaf area index; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Biosphere; Primary production; Precipitation; Radiative transfer; Vegetation (pathology); Atmosphere (unit); Ecosystem; Climatology; Geology; Meteorology; Geography","score_opus":0.019533438529840273,"score_gpt":0.3033491333397519,"score_spread":0.2838156948099116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412834788","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990865,0.000026096199,0.00055112573,0.0000069894654,0.0000012195442,0.0000027293902,0.00011854084,0.000022467406,0.00018442143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994985,0.000017963976,0.0003363267,0.0000017551396,7.6786205e-7,0.0000019010552,0.00011307528,0.0000024787812,0.000027255743],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994373,0.000011170245,0.0000032191417,0.0000196878,0.000010561987,0.000011538793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998964,0.00002979338,0.000021044163,0.000016192726,0.000023443978,0.000013026617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018539342,0.0003339037,0.00014504192,0.00038762463,0.00024033105,0.00037550228,0.00022418346,0.00021391772,0.00039670468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003173142,0.00012321997,0.00025410042,0.0006548991,0.00017654504,0.00051189325,0.00018926752,0.00012429657,0.00003995678],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000163291,0.00012142454,0.47081083,0.00008946167,0.00019602115,0.00031461465,0.00021489472,0.46861234,0.038422957,0.0006056926,0.00029876048,0.020149726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003115566,0.00006043151,0.43997815,0.0000079763695,0.00006495695,0.00003635775,0.00015903493,0.55348516,0.005461061,0.00027718284,0.0004155166,0.000023040982],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03506168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027967755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03506168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037512573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032556057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0697152},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412834803","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008779","title":"Influence of Cover Crops and Winter Warming on Soil N<sub>2</sub>O Content and Surface Fluxes During Freeze‐Thaw","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Guelph","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Loam; Lysimeter; Soil water; Nitrous oxide; Environmental science; Water content; Nitrogen; Cover crop; Agronomy; Soil science; Chemistry; Geology; Agroforestry","score_opus":0.05081078333654973,"score_gpt":0.3004893058667754,"score_spread":0.24967852253022568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412834803","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99967575,0.000035293924,0.000020072432,0.0000039543474,0.0000010731428,0.0000017389018,0.0001190886,0.000002491287,0.00014045174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99954575,0.000040693692,0.000029938674,0.0000068047634,0.000001013507,0.0000028099728,0.00020557926,0.0000016374959,0.00016563748],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999552,0.0000037913799,0.0000021611163,0.000012772742,0.000008716817,0.00001743401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983406,0.000034419412,0.000043091895,0.000008825517,0.00002656846,0.000052999992],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000093503244,0.00022334863,0.0002070059,0.00013707987,0.00022484986,0.00028794078,0.00013515828,0.00014160632,0.00054619263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017175601,0.00011073846,0.00017455382,0.000116924806,0.00018561188,0.00015550715,0.00012349735,0.00013766278,0.000060347535],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026113926,0.0001463795,0.65755934,0.000093447125,0.0001723243,0.00028101017,0.00022545859,0.0025176608,0.3292132,0.000047363206,0.00026286344,0.0068696267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000036524873,0.00005242918,0.9973822,0.0000010522333,0.000010470846,0.000009586119,0.000043924352,0.00045556083,0.0019274701,0.000005227049,0.00010674153,0.0000016527896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13427553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.25843155,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13427553,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013332748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005788642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26698792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413005044","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008701","title":"Disturbance Drives Leaf Litter Leachate Dynamics in a Tropical Stream Ecosystem","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ecosystem; Leachate; Litter; Disturbance (geology); Plant litter; Environmental science; Dynamics (music); Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.017258055977388193,"score_gpt":0.27970403306499475,"score_spread":0.26244597708760653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413005044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99982065,0.000018457447,0.0000279831,0.0000040869554,2.5693748e-7,0.0000029030896,0.00007181499,0.0000014659732,0.00005249895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995963,0.00003423336,0.00010577441,0.000011076867,8.7360513e-7,0.0000051871493,0.00015573668,0.0000011836436,0.00008956699],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999355,0.000010900725,0.0000068139184,0.000021871827,0.000012679467,0.000012324723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998412,0.000025139727,0.00006463886,0.000009256648,0.000025761854,0.000034035205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016302746,0.00011379529,0.00020893388,0.000261422,0.00028492892,0.00045726905,0.00014198829,0.00013580473,0.0005702885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022245052,0.0001158495,0.00013910289,0.00023667113,0.00023691948,0.0002737214,0.00030300085,0.00014844135,0.000048987757],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040159086,0.00008942187,0.6854416,0.000104914005,0.00008442829,0.00013157546,0.00042137082,0.0006551253,0.30863068,0.00006743026,0.00006289676,0.0039088386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003896469,0.000074691656,0.99602616,0.0000024941658,0.000008835175,0.000026882533,0.0002507866,0.0008184867,0.002666714,0.000020949281,0.00009658566,0.000003703817],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010227945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021120207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010227945,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005088533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033164205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020336807},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413312727","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008502","title":"Contrasting Effects of Road Dust and Atmospheric Dust on Carbon Accumulation in Eastern Canadian Ombrotrophic Peatlands","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ombrotrophic; Peat; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Atmospheric dust; Road dust; Carbon fibers; Mineral dust; Physical geography; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Aerosol; Chemistry; Materials science; Particulates; Bog","score_opus":0.02373678770299605,"score_gpt":0.3145431534181583,"score_spread":0.2908063657151623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413312727","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992086,0.00012757274,0.000031582098,0.000009030346,7.216182e-7,0.0000028713423,0.00017633941,0.0000027925876,0.000440501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995011,0.000095275675,0.000079095385,0.000005795277,6.631274e-7,0.0000017580489,0.0001540852,0.0000012476947,0.0001609599],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997998,0.000011819776,0.000009315188,0.000037737816,0.000054047185,0.00008738039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962187,0.000044860404,0.00005366308,0.0000112615735,0.0001850733,0.000083251456],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019991335,0.00023634461,0.00024012833,0.0015042804,0.0010696102,0.0007406249,0.0003809869,0.00021951467,0.0005249537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041865936,0.00015636983,0.00020415681,0.0011421248,0.0005843683,0.00016780852,0.0003996765,0.00012930381,0.000059499358],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001928108,0.000029657169,0.9708331,0.000061733204,0.000087339016,0.00029241922,0.0010147482,0.00047309205,0.017779207,0.00010802253,0.00011356987,0.009014334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.4981566e-7,0.0000032903006,0.99937004,0.0000025553434,0.0000037768336,0.000011483412,0.00025638405,0.00008182813,0.00016410895,0.0000041988255,0.0001000747,0.0000015848159],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.94599843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9803268,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05400157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0062058102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003934473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10863912},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413496264","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009302","title":"Effects of Temperature on Mercury Methylation and Demethylation in Boreal Wetland Soils","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Mercury impact and mitigation studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto Scarborough; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Boreal; Mercury (programming language); Wetland; Demethylation; Environmental science; Soil water; Methylation; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Soil science; Chemistry; Biology; DNA methylation; Computer science","score_opus":0.021438260234002665,"score_gpt":0.34378804829713266,"score_spread":0.32234978806312997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413496264","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99905473,0.00016795154,0.00025501996,0.000018035218,0.0000090646745,0.000007890268,0.00024871054,0.000015478716,0.00022305243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99910873,0.00007810327,0.00043452138,0.000019476998,0.000005134406,0.000011216873,0.00017383731,0.000007342537,0.000161632],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998049,0.000033989014,0.000016579304,0.00008122481,0.00002942716,0.00003393211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999645,0.00009034449,0.00011615319,0.000027192746,0.00006541335,0.000055879762],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002567292,0.00031471567,0.0002397328,0.00019737481,0.00028237226,0.0004550022,0.0002458179,0.00027012327,0.0005043422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026419605,0.00018985946,0.00028346037,0.0001275829,0.00023959613,0.00034508802,0.00018778058,0.0003289949,0.000073634226],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00091528986,0.0000750002,0.017981365,0.000050664643,0.00004256349,0.000032080447,0.000085554304,0.00021712856,0.97834307,0.00003312513,0.000061751765,0.0021623732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000381094,0.0012050058,0.6968449,0.000012404021,0.000106329026,0.00011559983,0.00027036952,0.0034330613,0.29641715,0.00012703036,0.00138037,0.000049650916],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009805117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00931036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009805117,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048411504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023454067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019496083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413760338","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008943","title":"Modification and Comparison of Two Urban Vegetation Models Over Southern Ontario, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vegetation (pathology); Geography; Forestry; Environmental science; Physical geography","score_opus":0.04707181912880325,"score_gpt":0.3380213705534766,"score_spread":0.2909495514246733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413760338","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98802465,0.00016838338,0.0031338355,0.00016109632,0.000018121416,0.000047136076,0.0023282303,0.00035043358,0.0057680667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955016,0.000078764984,0.0017920691,0.000018492217,0.0000035448552,0.000018277262,0.0015335573,0.000043425087,0.0010103368],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979955,0.000028345645,0.000010138905,0.00006243983,0.00003781786,0.00006175407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960476,0.000080496546,0.000037339385,0.000027878088,0.0001938514,0.000055731216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038963952,0.0008315484,0.00034467553,0.0004678377,0.0010154678,0.0011713437,0.0013493636,0.0005355102,0.0015864847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007775579,0.0003391252,0.000583291,0.0008411759,0.00045744827,0.00037868138,0.00038504382,0.00036357346,0.00017037608],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015952054,0.00007612733,0.04721773,0.00006284822,0.000103339145,0.000093922274,0.00015585407,0.9392767,0.0016182291,0.00071808306,0.001309684,0.009207936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005109689,0.000019077352,0.026053097,0.000012578228,0.00003886164,0.000009504192,0.00016164516,0.9717743,0.0005179159,0.00010155668,0.0012350363,0.000025450236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97757894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.97048867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022421062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.014200521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0077981153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.10303247},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414207586","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009050","title":"Geochemical Versus Climatic Controls on Soil Organic Carbon","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; Trent University","funders":"Trent University","keywords":"Soil carbon; Soil water; Boreal; Soil texture; Taiga; Climate change; Temperate climate; Permafrost","score_opus":0.039982717331706275,"score_gpt":0.3214374072135757,"score_spread":0.28145468988186945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414207586","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986632,0.00015066739,0.00013437006,0.000020852398,0.0000022693907,0.0000044602334,0.00037617813,0.0000074673917,0.00064048945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99964917,0.000039715156,0.000047881098,0.000009107086,0.000002018996,0.0000015060658,0.00017393484,0.0000011585971,0.00007552658],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999871,0.000021116,0.000007076739,0.000035590343,0.000027196898,0.000038081296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995716,0.00007992477,0.00012030761,0.000027452244,0.00011157939,0.00008916269],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002681053,0.00019632356,0.00013403258,0.00050314824,0.0002999613,0.0004736466,0.00019421853,0.00013582713,0.0007296215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003961042,0.00009835409,0.00015267354,0.00055359275,0.00047717022,0.00021199649,0.00022009878,0.000097134114,0.0000834923],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016680422,0.00004187174,0.9293765,0.000039113293,0.00013139707,0.00012015696,0.00008521022,0.0011538588,0.06503231,0.0002457831,0.0001081933,0.0034987584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000011955887,0.0000058580727,0.9992331,6.5415213e-7,0.000004078501,0.000009857213,0.00002959558,0.00023615656,0.0003933755,0.00002330788,0.0000615969,0.0000011986666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08371809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14640023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08371809,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00087295956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006676055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16646159},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414312464","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008903","title":"Tracking Long‐Term Trends in Sockeye Salmon <i>(Oncorhynchus nerka)</i> Population Dynamics Using Sterol and Stanol Biomarkers in Lake Sediments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Escapement; Population; Sterol; Sediment; Nutrient; Biogeochemical cycle; Salmo","score_opus":0.031222931497272073,"score_gpt":0.3457571708718432,"score_spread":0.31453423937457115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414312464","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999642,0.0000117705895,0.00010638138,0.0000042334214,6.640918e-7,0.000002959734,0.000119635304,0.00000730369,0.00010503427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99898297,0.000019480454,0.00045548548,0.000008764532,0.0000013252987,0.000007775408,0.00034135065,0.0000027662882,0.0001800877],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992275,0.000010985473,0.0000057353595,0.000027268194,0.000017664937,0.0000156379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997305,0.000022401673,0.00010415765,0.0000114103605,0.000086018736,0.000045437886],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027960015,0.00020558023,0.00016885002,0.000490018,0.00028287398,0.0004073082,0.0001351405,0.00013574245,0.00039202496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030166513,0.00012556839,0.00013530451,0.0003510982,0.00015386872,0.0002689935,0.0002432129,0.00013818384,0.00012629079],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059997554,0.00002262856,0.98100716,0.00001028643,0.00005195922,0.000014222157,0.00008662162,0.00027369295,0.015021859,0.000009934511,0.00007140102,0.0033702378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014800469,0.000054898166,0.9977865,0.0000017939028,0.000016185288,0.0000113408,0.0001120866,0.00058314786,0.0013116691,0.000005021318,0.000113233415,0.0000025892284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025305018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07884978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025305018,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048575646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035604046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0503155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414406901","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009444","title":"Small-Scale Spatial Variability in Carbon Fluxes Driven by Soil and Vegetation Characteristics in Wetlands of Trail Valley Creek, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; ArcticNet; Canada Research Chairs; Wilfrid Laurier University; Global Water Futures; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Tundra; Wetland; Spatial variability; Vegetation (pathology); Carbon flux; Carbon dioxide; Soil carbon; Arctic; Carbon cycle","score_opus":0.01910019232292556,"score_gpt":0.2721353531426655,"score_spread":0.25303516081974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414406901","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982374,0.000061388564,0.000067768,0.00001956599,0.0000021539356,0.000006350584,0.001176327,0.000008771139,0.00042032264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983808,0.000045433175,0.00016259978,0.000012393975,9.235334e-7,0.00000621407,0.0008385987,0.0000043350014,0.00054869766],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997881,0.000011201947,0.000007562144,0.00006533525,0.000041193925,0.00008666911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992223,0.00006174844,0.00008082399,0.000028294717,0.00040532532,0.00020139059],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000172172,0.00019377144,0.00027442485,0.00097102503,0.0013871408,0.001033951,0.00048151752,0.0002497561,0.0008802385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004964108,0.00021019732,0.00023657546,0.0014868907,0.0005543639,0.00019623204,0.00043285897,0.0001659989,0.00013137485],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000114681345,0.000030995383,0.9881495,0.00001959145,0.000041961637,0.000119411554,0.000735175,0.00043144784,0.0045284373,0.00007615449,0.0006828756,0.0050696535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000019975428,0.0000039140737,0.9987722,0.000005316073,0.00000533574,0.000013239196,0.00047069468,0.00040241377,0.00007842054,0.00001118122,0.00023158142,0.0000037373043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97394514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9915969,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02605486,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0075332597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006388215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.054657936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414534230","doi":"10.1029/2024jg008593","title":"Challenges in Detecting High‐Arctic Shrub Expansion From Optical Remote Sensing: Implications for Albedo and Climate Forcing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies; Makivik Corporation","funders":"Fondation BNP Paribas; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Québec; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor","keywords":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Albedo (alchemy); Shrub; Vegetation (pathology); Enhanced vegetation index; Satellite; Forcing (mathematics); Climate change","score_opus":0.1433568470845566,"score_gpt":0.3710286899315342,"score_spread":0.2276718428469776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414534230","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96667707,0.0041048443,0.01679003,0.0010421966,0.00011314344,0.000076497345,0.0014940791,0.0002497577,0.009452471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844521,0.0008084181,0.013577019,0.00028604126,0.00005818512,0.00003206281,0.0004241295,0.000022628361,0.00033935017],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990395,0.0003192983,0.0000608814,0.00017023234,0.0002909091,0.00011919159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99673164,0.0012181553,0.00035311628,0.00020936137,0.0013209988,0.00016673814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035177644,0.00060494547,0.0005784922,0.0011993913,0.0007540768,0.0015260137,0.0007427255,0.0005623933,0.00060927245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005487861,0.00031896084,0.0002693805,0.0013329472,0.0004350033,0.0009832934,0.00050464395,0.0005197223,0.00021132224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023738203,0.00010549276,0.84088296,0.000526404,0.00028406386,0.00012867193,0.0005042017,0.01289404,0.029623643,0.00045532058,0.0018221571,0.11253568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011888575,0.000056002686,0.9456429,0.00013526432,0.00008510106,0.00014786015,0.00095068617,0.04614737,0.0033724378,0.00084997044,0.0025655872,0.000034899836],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13816063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2587305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13816063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009148852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011230813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27471292},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414701786","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008956","title":"Highly Resolved Surface Phytoplankton Community Composition Along the British Columbia Coast, Derived From In Situ Hyperspectral Radiometry","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response Network","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Ocean color; Hyperspectral imaging; Algal bloom; Pelagic zone; SeaWiFS; Chlorophyll a; Radiometry; In situ","score_opus":0.02559574086799748,"score_gpt":0.27367841192207903,"score_spread":0.24808267105408155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414701786","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962889,0.000044937693,0.0006306486,0.000021667644,0.0000033860617,0.000020919206,0.0014217464,0.000052610387,0.0015151062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948087,0.00005796251,0.0018355757,0.000017499482,0.0000014846144,0.0000145303275,0.0023012015,0.000012777924,0.000950102],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987495,0.00000815109,0.00000723277,0.000038240883,0.00004744735,0.000023977227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997502,0.00001966279,0.000022775523,0.000014929361,0.00016762201,0.000024896664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017374945,0.0004753015,0.00013923905,0.0009634198,0.00068737543,0.0007963462,0.00031953945,0.0002726218,0.0007290884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000426419,0.00021012938,0.00015393535,0.0012404368,0.00021242343,0.00019042693,0.00029721597,0.00023581744,0.00019951329],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013795651,0.00011539775,0.8814285,0.00010064202,0.00014111269,0.00038882004,0.00061506365,0.01969554,0.05220239,0.00013593963,0.002234998,0.042803533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010234881,0.000011703023,0.9650725,0.00001537037,0.000024742596,0.0000387141,0.00046018485,0.03062267,0.002769811,0.000025492298,0.00093287736,0.00001562861],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.87843555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9528902,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12156445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023397484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002207691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24456066},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414950409","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009209","title":"Nitrogen Cycling in Earth System Models: From Constraining Carbon Budgets to Projecting Pollution for Planetary Stewardship","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Liber Ero Foundation","keywords":"Hydrosphere; Nitrogen cycle; Earth system science; Biosphere; Climate change; Carbon cycle; Greenhouse gas; Reactive nitrogen; Biogeochemistry; Carbon sequestration","score_opus":0.06003826193924585,"score_gpt":0.3175673409844732,"score_spread":0.25752907904522737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414950409","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39906365,0.039715063,0.47870308,0.034546714,0.0012940157,0.00018917574,0.010822258,0.0021400861,0.033525974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91793907,0.016385878,0.059643358,0.0010946041,0.00048308246,0.00020386526,0.00239358,0.00027399993,0.0015825682],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992453,0.00055357045,0.000029018438,0.00008109067,0.000062012245,0.000028953284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997503,0.0017277935,0.00015532623,0.00019211716,0.00024070936,0.00018115368],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003130797,0.00084443117,0.00097017665,0.0007746302,0.0004312603,0.0017552852,0.0013892085,0.0014501978,0.0022964934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009168067,0.00044700853,0.0008232245,0.001166623,0.0008267857,0.0020381217,0.002173247,0.0016165453,0.0003076976],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026432772,0.000021914875,0.0058683003,0.0002136819,0.00029958642,0.00003395178,0.00007587,0.95593643,0.00024560883,0.020147169,0.002724643,0.014406524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018851983,0.000018030718,0.0012183439,0.00018733741,0.000055343997,0.000008271329,0.00008684898,0.94437104,0.00014135131,0.047917053,0.005948747,0.000028688246],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024250403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016557455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024250403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017278732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04821849},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415063652","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008833","title":"Monitoring Coastal Estuarine Habitats for Biodiversity Along the Temperate Bioregion of South Africa","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"South African National Parks; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Wetland; Salt marsh; Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Estuary; Marsh; Ecosystem services; Habitat","score_opus":0.041651134365138835,"score_gpt":0.30406638707146955,"score_spread":0.2624152527063307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415063652","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971956,0.00012404156,0.00053663383,0.000041076448,0.0000017955149,0.000017264523,0.0011353098,0.000013360546,0.0009348556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99815375,0.00008307585,0.0012312358,0.0000068855643,0.0000010730715,0.00001910974,0.00029468484,0.0000024685621,0.00020777233],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998857,0.000031178937,0.000008508799,0.000031885924,0.000020562693,0.000022219008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995577,0.000082181374,0.000189657,0.000023470075,0.000104048115,0.000042922755],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002786259,0.0002506925,0.00009387955,0.0012138636,0.00025275722,0.00036681487,0.000209517,0.00010150053,0.0014213726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009019137,0.0000927233,0.000116184485,0.0015246846,0.00013355404,0.00041942074,0.00039723318,0.00012549156,0.00016399051],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055151893,0.00002115151,0.9519966,0.00009173929,0.00004272833,0.00017622772,0.0010832321,0.0012127379,0.01166109,0.00011537595,0.00047530557,0.033068683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000022698753,0.00001583422,0.9947554,0.00003330351,0.000012764915,0.00004824159,0.0009961437,0.0020725725,0.0009696978,0.000052031228,0.0010370649,0.0000047376393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029414497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.088189505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029414497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039744074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002681633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05848658},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415155911","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009107","title":"Unraveling the Influence of Short‐Lived, Three‐Dimensional, Eddy‐Like, Coherent, Oceanic Structures on Phytoplankton Dynamics and Nutrient Transport","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Nutrient; Water mass; Niche; Ecological niche","score_opus":0.0230032309555854,"score_gpt":0.28323106388717273,"score_spread":0.26022783293158736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415155911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99620074,0.00006675818,0.0030195771,0.000076069846,0.00000758608,0.0000029254418,0.000056364668,0.000026839081,0.0005431446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99917954,0.000034273136,0.00068280706,0.000008586346,0.0000035554963,0.0000017407658,0.000028377439,0.0000047657404,0.00005637374],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999485,0.000012574971,0.000004538986,0.00001555155,0.0000068953404,0.000011973082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998416,0.000055352826,0.000029499217,0.000025455685,0.000020665111,0.00002748282],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000197226,0.00020642523,0.00019676638,0.00025577514,0.00024100863,0.00066756346,0.00021873058,0.0002945252,0.0004977484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060544495,0.00023875263,0.00027282385,0.00020914197,0.0005194249,0.0008055089,0.0005026483,0.00034213945,0.000043677475],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019953393,0.0002549402,0.41704565,0.00015067228,0.00036108794,0.0005352942,0.000744707,0.35744157,0.17950366,0.0075850296,0.0006945201,0.035483263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013153542,0.000041473002,0.22830522,0.000013394155,0.000038027545,0.00003336278,0.0002772174,0.76538575,0.0029135386,0.0022576002,0.0006938675,0.000027415092],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015421179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018376434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015421179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000377179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00052900554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.030662835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415219142","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008994","title":"Spatial Dependence of Gas Transfer Velocity in Boreal Reservoirs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Hydro-Québec; GDG Environnement; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"RES’EAU-WaterNET; Hydro-Québec","keywords":"Fetch; Greenhouse gas; Current (fluid); Boreal; Methane; Magnitude (astronomy); Shore","score_opus":0.03028419452379406,"score_gpt":0.3173405595932819,"score_spread":0.28705636506948784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415219142","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99744225,0.000033094024,0.0015562761,0.000030529976,0.0000035378412,0.0000038677017,0.00015213223,0.00006110105,0.00071725174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99952114,0.000009992726,0.00035004554,0.0000020607315,5.1347644e-7,0.0000015056058,0.000051088035,0.0000041520234,0.000059489375],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999093,0.000016041828,0.0000062872364,0.000033974415,0.000012782733,0.000021579413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971503,0.00011565793,0.00005375829,0.000026715854,0.00006847592,0.000020290923],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021360855,0.00031268765,0.0001507533,0.00025046407,0.0002800422,0.00045797683,0.00034339263,0.00031973873,0.0004754202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006897637,0.00021530098,0.00035366425,0.00026327797,0.0003026391,0.00033146693,0.00022070819,0.00021139218,0.00004842833],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113738184,0.00006269214,0.107575454,0.000034207762,0.00006889852,0.00012189556,0.000080245285,0.8679127,0.018361447,0.0005445762,0.0002236926,0.004900331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000125282095,0.000030688832,0.053422283,0.0000063493026,0.000020289208,0.000023316905,0.000044712928,0.94221014,0.0037682164,0.00018255395,0.00025539065,0.000023538518],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12430617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0776953,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12430617,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009510281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006583359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24716526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415278369","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009128","title":"From Sink to Source: Salinity and Water Level Fluctuations Between Years Drive Large Differences in CO <sub>2</sub> Exchange in a Temperate Salt Marsh","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Salinity; Eddy covariance; Sink (geography); Salt marsh; Temperate climate; Ecosystem; Carbon sink; Growing season; Hydrology (agriculture)","score_opus":0.040826225066313455,"score_gpt":0.32344256343730815,"score_spread":0.2826163383709947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415278369","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99968684,0.0000037431428,0.00019066558,0.000009722779,4.891446e-7,9.1265264e-7,0.000044011114,0.000006810723,0.000056806468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997876,0.0000031066854,0.000104326544,0.0000029200087,3.5532975e-7,8.606066e-7,0.00006562722,0.000002101395,0.000033087043],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993753,0.000013434681,0.0000054473103,0.000023834411,0.0000058131877,0.000013837371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997842,0.00007477759,0.000037567777,0.00002830242,0.00003344618,0.000041678944],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003158552,0.00016207408,0.00016897824,0.00017569028,0.00022219379,0.00044080603,0.00027875317,0.00024428754,0.0005810484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005407664,0.0001569677,0.00036916425,0.00016362096,0.00024203015,0.00030031556,0.00027168874,0.00018592965,0.00010087817],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004333743,0.00022159392,0.8750961,0.000036968828,0.00020712896,0.00030983082,0.00039456322,0.041087035,0.07211422,0.0006251428,0.0003597555,0.009114236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015355095,0.00008746722,0.79214424,0.0000043125233,0.000036994366,0.00006492794,0.00018710796,0.20464842,0.0022948473,0.00028216405,0.000213608,0.00002065395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026991542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028061802,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026991542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044826412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026959943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.053668857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415434414","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009118","title":"Bubble Distribution Along Major Rivers in the Amazon During the High‐Water Season","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; H2020 European Research Council; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education","keywords":"Amazon rainforest; Hydrology (agriculture); Dominance (genetics); Spatial distribution; Fluvial; Dry season; Discharge; Ecosystem","score_opus":0.012992274525074506,"score_gpt":0.26757437586703364,"score_spread":0.25458210134195913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415434414","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995697,0.00003768616,0.00005112678,0.000007745004,4.5457185e-7,0.0000018047448,0.00015003828,0.0000038491567,0.00017756064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996933,0.000025257332,0.00006649694,0.0000027956928,0.0000010580625,0.0000024496417,0.000114463866,0.0000013680612,0.000092895316],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993896,0.000008832624,0.000005376133,0.000020761034,0.00001157054,0.000014544631],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996995,0.00007587511,0.00010467291,0.000012037687,0.00006376882,0.000044278204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012266137,0.00007841246,0.00013372596,0.0005296559,0.0001863899,0.00035781303,0.00015731037,0.0001580519,0.0006436135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038355662,0.00009603425,0.000094636445,0.00047045387,0.00019562096,0.00023165351,0.00026558558,0.00008649206,0.000062452506],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009153404,0.000016284339,0.98325044,0.000021316011,0.000025235295,0.000116466144,0.0009043366,0.00015685255,0.010948445,0.00007057059,0.00008489568,0.0043136575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010114854,0.000007300135,0.99912304,0.0000017330777,0.0000040658583,0.000026609514,0.0003067836,0.00027650036,0.0001608941,0.000008031543,0.0000822838,0.0000017178205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027848639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.055759527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027848639,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025134633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014555774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.055373073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416096394","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008980","title":"Wildfires Change Summertime Dissolved Organic Matter in Boreal Headwater Streams","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Trent University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; STREAMS; Boreal; Taiga; Carbon cycle; Ecosystem; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon flux; Total organic carbon; Terrestrial ecosystem","score_opus":0.027053465936587008,"score_gpt":0.31938897604044614,"score_spread":0.2923355101038591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416096394","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99976176,0.00003496938,0.0000139984195,0.0000050546796,9.3556315e-7,0.0000014317562,0.00008541845,0.0000014495662,0.000094981326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99964654,0.000043681728,0.000054298438,0.00000946285,0.0000017863449,0.0000017927242,0.00015551297,9.153686e-7,0.0000859192],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986446,0.000014177981,0.000009813029,0.000037930447,0.000033635715,0.000040039085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996164,0.00004057639,0.00014784701,0.000011498146,0.000082847386,0.00010080896],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020141799,0.0001771232,0.00019145047,0.00054169964,0.0006566647,0.0007158233,0.00018987685,0.00022568945,0.00049698155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042008355,0.00013116993,0.00019258524,0.00061451906,0.00033502802,0.00027238746,0.00023671742,0.00015878618,0.000048447455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009523107,0.000033091223,0.9909354,0.000009121086,0.000027177632,0.000044703043,0.00020834486,0.00009317536,0.00646493,0.000010520233,0.000048171,0.002030075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.332553e-7,0.000009111471,0.99964404,7.831619e-7,0.000002807814,0.0000072983435,0.00013102517,0.00006275898,0.00009856392,0.0000029571052,0.00003902748,7.288776e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.24368691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.47239468,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24368691,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015461515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006319658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.484537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416235395","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009175","title":"Diffusive CH <sub>4</sub> Emissions From Agricultural Ditches Overshadow CH <sub>4</sub> Sinks by Upland Fields","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","keywords":"Ditch; Nutrient; Carbon fibers; Soil water; Agriculture; Greenhouse gas; Hydrology (agriculture); Total organic carbon; Dissolved organic carbon","score_opus":0.011361798305303506,"score_gpt":0.25904385957090154,"score_spread":0.24768206126559802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416235395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99894756,0.000067314,0.00026185892,0.000010948018,0.0000015520338,0.0000053074614,0.00016806183,0.00001620823,0.0005212543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993825,0.000049782302,0.00019280211,0.000008428385,0.0000026353327,0.0000054449465,0.00015625807,0.0000032199623,0.00019895077],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998838,0.000009505023,0.0000065148943,0.000044996945,0.00002489396,0.000030245845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984384,0.000027131833,0.000050068975,0.000014519813,0.00004673266,0.000017764227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016088311,0.00031850563,0.0002676489,0.0006665435,0.00039742538,0.00055620633,0.00020600132,0.00015895405,0.0011823486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016626486,0.00020452972,0.0002022966,0.00084118627,0.0003934308,0.00048530477,0.0002918914,0.00013157204,0.00010006076],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017272157,0.000049256356,0.87795067,0.00013433467,0.00010099213,0.00022069484,0.00020039186,0.0037775596,0.102449894,0.000285977,0.00023143117,0.014426146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000039648835,0.000013949204,0.9935749,0.0000042773945,0.000014917847,0.00002180372,0.00012284324,0.0027767194,0.0030807306,0.000050327384,0.00033096835,0.0000045808415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04278788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.057754118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04278788,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009402143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005634425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08507764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417091831","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008974","title":"Coupled Dynamics of Wetlandscape Properties and Phytoplankton Bloom Magnitude and Extent in Lake Winnipeg","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada; University of Toronto; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Bloom; Wetland; Eutrophication; Algal bloom; Nutrient; Phytoplankton; Surface runoff","score_opus":0.023277011975135594,"score_gpt":0.2816477759686621,"score_spread":0.2583707639935265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417091831","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99916184,0.00003523379,0.000059877617,0.000048131882,0.000001910327,0.000008118444,0.00042129747,0.0000047902613,0.0002588148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994498,0.000024980402,0.00011876695,0.000010085278,6.7630714e-7,0.000005434428,0.00020387954,0.0000014922789,0.00018491881],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998548,0.000017708078,0.000008293447,0.000035634122,0.000028067849,0.00005551628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997365,0.000025262758,0.0000470461,0.000008895481,0.00009861525,0.0000836833],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002585383,0.00020239654,0.0002082382,0.00072367105,0.0006659349,0.0009924854,0.00044672377,0.00019594074,0.0008278953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009342733,0.00019080025,0.00022907296,0.0009935157,0.00033542624,0.00029538656,0.00078798766,0.00017336536,0.000047866433],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000085715765,0.00003654967,0.98942155,0.00002586355,0.000121782294,0.0001226077,0.0005881298,0.002600764,0.0018379198,0.00021215077,0.00056733034,0.0043796413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000671588,0.0000089799005,0.99274033,0.00000765527,0.000023093204,0.000016588294,0.00066412444,0.005785618,0.00016101381,0.0000494412,0.0005293988,0.000007177011],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9600686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9720989,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.039931417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.010266039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0051226695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08033311},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417322442","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009202","title":"Hydroclimatic Drivers of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Asia's Major Rivers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Precipitation; Climate change; Dissolved organic carbon; Tributary; Total organic carbon; Global change; Carbon cycle; Global warming","score_opus":0.017287610641883947,"score_gpt":0.27725304138375284,"score_spread":0.2599654307418689,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417322442","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99913436,0.000051054823,0.000053766893,0.000024320349,9.2796625e-7,0.0000018396896,0.00041910476,0.0000027838155,0.00031180677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995721,0.00003709483,0.000049424245,0.000006543138,0.0000011749709,0.0000028025372,0.00027498073,0.0000011517867,0.00005476847],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999892,0.000023542812,0.000012620273,0.00003579806,0.000012386814,0.00002357384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999329,0.0001638656,0.00019628105,0.000056061806,0.00015623958,0.000098452074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003547844,0.00014968876,0.00015412422,0.00047874745,0.00018491519,0.0005518534,0.00020863947,0.00010068566,0.000588861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005246794,0.00011106428,0.00022698882,0.0009562602,0.00022236738,0.00032714612,0.0005117645,0.00016907557,0.00007237033],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000128536285,0.000008147652,0.996651,0.00001527274,0.000044315573,0.000040203253,0.0002808298,0.00022283132,0.000793625,0.0000812276,0.000074210024,0.001775379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[6.891419e-7,0.000004921937,0.99896395,0.000004020035,0.000009320707,0.000013598433,0.00044307954,0.00028869882,0.0000846378,0.000026051324,0.00015880397,0.0000021106493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020376172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.029880315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020376172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040167244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039908467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.040515125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7077074175","doi":"10.1029/2025jg008793","title":"Riverine Influence on Coastal Biogeochemistry Along a 400‐km Latitudinal Gradient in Eastern James Bay","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Niskamoon Corporation","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Bay; Watershed; Biogeochemical cycle; Ecosystem; Discharge; Estuary; Climate change","score_opus":0.031783683490297296,"score_gpt":0.32525646357811877,"score_spread":0.29347278008782146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7077074175","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997086,0.000019860794,0.000032030337,0.0000066532875,5.178387e-7,0.0000010336157,0.000081165876,0.0000024943024,0.00014761071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997373,0.000018599203,0.00005789446,0.000004275936,8.875739e-7,0.0000013820206,0.00009599801,0.0000011588685,0.00008261597],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985695,0.000027416854,0.000015238457,0.000052152634,0.000025420293,0.000022804623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944896,0.00010239593,0.00018708273,0.000044845336,0.000116270254,0.00010050594],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026579102,0.00014825165,0.0002072259,0.0009036999,0.00029365715,0.00067092926,0.00018932583,0.00013902002,0.000563218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005127244,0.00014144494,0.00016881862,0.0011448135,0.00037770165,0.0002026302,0.0006923998,0.0001535911,0.00007866366],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043884298,0.0000146544535,0.9930299,0.000011748936,0.000048068072,0.000041670322,0.00043220562,0.0003015182,0.0038673892,0.000038971953,0.00004904526,0.0021210427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.8614114e-7,0.0000039168885,0.9994599,0.0000017739252,0.0000056836457,0.000005941823,0.00019133114,0.00018943689,0.0000663567,0.0000064478386,0.00006719404,0.0000012880091],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.048327792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.092084065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9516722,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043675408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039660186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.096093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117387149","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009299","title":"A Growing Degree‐Day Approach to Estimate Larval Hatching Sites Using Backtracking Simulations Without Larval Age","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Marine and fisheries research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Royal Military College of Canada; University of Guelph; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Calgary Arts Development; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Larva; Hatching; Population; Otolith; Shore","score_opus":0.10356774675343584,"score_gpt":0.4057648320249288,"score_spread":0.30219708527149297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117387149","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8511329,0.000056965247,0.14649947,0.00008131679,0.000017887085,0.000044302382,0.00037988526,0.0003180346,0.0014691362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9703509,0.000022549166,0.028876754,0.0000211595,0.0000040698555,0.00006234075,0.00017463748,0.000019109435,0.0004685039],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998982,0.00002575018,0.0000080951,0.000030088191,0.000019664369,0.000018157332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999204,0.00046321086,0.00012360071,0.00004860497,0.00011277287,0.000047767848],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00060336053,0.0004968421,0.0003416613,0.000416703,0.00031931314,0.00033582075,0.00083033106,0.00069702964,0.0009522553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014973434,0.00042854634,0.00068356004,0.00019724162,0.00026355198,0.00029878027,0.00047894832,0.00053747796,0.00012485989],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020867406,0.000022747017,0.0055500916,0.000010725376,0.000014671781,0.000015681862,0.000011693493,0.99155563,0.0010716987,0.00020454166,0.000042009928,0.0014796101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004105669,0.000008590997,0.00037591378,0.0000012995202,0.0000026275827,0.00000155751,0.0000016223089,0.9993395,0.0001998771,0.000036718822,0.000026497664,0.0000016671505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03807054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022792444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03807054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058479514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009820524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0756979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}