{"meta":{"query_hash":"1d6765605222","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Japanese Linguistics"},"cohort_total":6,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"exported":6,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/1d6765605222","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Journal+of+Japanese+Linguistics"},"results":[{"id":"W2620672971","doi":"10.1515/jjl-2006-0102","title":"On the borrowing of sokuon/Q/ in words from Korean","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Japanese Linguistics","topic":"Translation Studies and Practices","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Realization (probability); Linguistics; Adaptation (eye); Perspective (graphical); Focus (optics); Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.033773017240933,"score_gpt":0.2591776461682571,"score_spread":0.2254046289273241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2620672971","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6703057,0.0009487465,0.000007387821,0.0008558492,0.0015349399,0.00004929483,0.000029848996,0.000005262221,0.32626292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99685156,0.000034098426,0.00010674979,0.000111798516,0.002641876,3.5692634e-7,0.0000016163891,0.00000782739,0.00024412767],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914116,0.000049125687,0.00045719458,0.000048748843,0.00021476735,0.00008902592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99823725,0.0010553064,0.00037822695,0.00008535622,0.00022805641,0.000015813179],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003174292,0.00007600712,0.00018894393,0.000071268674,0.00009469842,0.00005686281,0.00011779184,0.000022472599,0.00025552957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003913347,0.000046134424,0.00007852828,0.000034777535,0.00008155303,0.00003739178,0.000009351898,0.0002122002,0.0000047532008],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00066989503,0.0006957472,0.005800975,0.000068694986,0.00028940468,0.0001715966,0.20038943,0.0020987159,0.00014477833,0.7675692,0.018749503,0.003352059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011117941,0.00030622265,0.0035656244,0.00037780154,0.00017920321,0.000005327139,0.039767448,0.00026441296,0.00014686244,0.05854612,0.89548635,0.00024283446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013874719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013913456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8767368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011555066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019793773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27978697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2621151880","doi":"10.1515/jjl-2015-0105","title":"Comments on verb doubling construction in Japanese","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Japanese Linguistics","topic":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Predicate (mathematical logic); Verb; Sentence; Computer science; Linguistics; Speech recognition; Natural language processing; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Programming language","score_opus":0.03421661444261363,"score_gpt":0.3101609212287422,"score_spread":0.2759443067861286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2621151880","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8864406,0.0058723087,0.04962291,0.004184044,0.02673403,0.0007407811,0.000009434572,0.00079324655,0.025602665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7741261,0.000008900424,0.22496852,0.00029253223,0.00056319433,6.940948e-7,6.5624727e-7,0.000008812672,0.000030594136],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984859,0.00007922794,0.00054102775,0.00015320332,0.00053111184,0.0002095194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980174,0.00015004474,0.0004695395,0.0002759698,0.0009233008,0.00016379307],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089511875,0.00014362454,0.00026859003,0.00038375324,0.000041468604,0.00015854198,0.0007892648,0.00010259242,0.0000017468735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0038419524,0.00011870819,0.000057109366,0.00042167975,0.00004943863,0.00018261907,0.00012379231,0.00052822975,0.000007256251],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0039224946,0.0057271533,0.033481948,0.0010907901,0.0006036655,0.015006252,0.2938929,0.010549949,0.007053658,0.42588362,0.050438665,0.1523489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.028605824,0.010224288,0.0013410519,0.008092963,0.000302695,0.009772407,0.019671254,0.11730971,0.048106886,0.6862299,0.06500695,0.0053360625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004948839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044707363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27422163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020813996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014215533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48407796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2621157711","doi":"10.1515/jjl-2007-0105","title":"A Semantic and Pragmatic Account of the -te-ar Construction in Japanese","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Japanese Linguistics","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Verb; Linguistics; Nominative case; Sentence; Character (mathematics); Argument (complex analysis); Objectivity (philosophy); Predicate (mathematical logic); Philosophy; Epistemology; Computer science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.015744152567957317,"score_gpt":0.24522847493896113,"score_spread":0.2294843223710038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2621157711","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882743,0.00016077461,0.00005535906,0.0008379864,0.005314658,0.00019455378,0.000009710036,0.000010079385,0.005142573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99602854,0.000021038966,0.0010436551,0.000082555234,0.002682905,6.324049e-7,0.0000012893406,0.000020696505,0.00011867865],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979945,0.0000767672,0.0011403112,0.00011740809,0.00045066708,0.00022035607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967926,0.00059233775,0.0011579412,0.00021209639,0.0011779343,0.00006705282],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001454613,0.00016605039,0.00040563205,0.00027837724,0.00012451987,0.000084609834,0.00021542549,0.000083200684,0.0000586306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00962402,0.000119238895,0.000099765624,0.00010552915,0.00034456185,0.000057736408,0.000052796648,0.0003308629,0.000003290213],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033231612,0.0005461217,0.029839167,0.0011635817,0.0002754011,0.00015975475,0.60761833,0.00018070165,0.0006348095,0.35712793,0.00015911093,0.001962758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007740066,0.0011174246,0.06447026,0.005133597,0.0018820069,0.0017404848,0.562682,0.008920881,0.0014674488,0.32969043,0.01355377,0.0016016543],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009830896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021915012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04493637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008223344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009446821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2621286959","doi":"10.1515/jjl-2016-0105","title":"Unproductive alternations and allomorph storage: the case of Sino-Japanese","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Japanese Linguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Allomorph; Optimality theory; Constraint (computer-aided design); Linguistics; Stratum; Economics; Phonology; Mathematics; Morpheme; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03377056290185322,"score_gpt":0.35153535578138084,"score_spread":0.31776479287952764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2621286959","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99192435,0.00096160994,0.000038622497,0.001324597,0.0020651107,0.00011357061,0.000050471554,0.0000049513774,0.003516744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964181,0.00011772558,0.00016541265,0.00005791361,0.0013311825,0.0000025149222,5.9884997e-7,0.000017377533,0.0018891839],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"case_report","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871325,0.00022984321,0.0004862658,0.00015472432,0.00018644078,0.00022944354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967718,0.0010276674,0.0004472624,0.00036370748,0.0012645161,0.00012503602],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009169433,0.00012340254,0.00027458274,0.00015511252,0.00010433979,0.000018628196,0.0002945397,0.000096832904,0.00019945615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036169954,0.00006667204,0.000075277574,0.00014975901,0.0005005701,0.000023274773,0.00007889223,0.00033917947,0.000018326824],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004997559,0.0044696326,0.01898248,0.00035243455,0.006081038,0.05122602,0.6518578,0.00024834863,0.10961483,0.0493933,0.06599558,0.036781006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.037931472,0.016978607,0.21363953,0.0015229067,0.0038010173,0.29119363,0.13927402,0.0010833436,0.019257829,0.110735275,0.16059572,0.0039866464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041912496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004936759,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51258373,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003169131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007662336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43301424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224267155","doi":"10.1515/jjl-2022-2050","title":"Japanese L2 learners’ subjective construal: an analysis of expressions of emotion and evaluation in written storytelling found in I-JAS data","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Japanese Linguistics","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Construal level theory; Psychology; Storytelling; Linguistics; Vocabulary; Interlanguage; Character (mathematics); Cognitive psychology; Variety (cybernetics); Second language; Social psychology; Narrative; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.07047730872325064,"score_gpt":0.3702699505223162,"score_spread":0.29979264179906556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224267155","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99713874,0.00087518897,0.00005749316,0.000011058553,0.0006134595,0.00016349046,0.000091002395,0.000003783517,0.0010457818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992282,0.000036009915,0.0003329875,0.000020447882,0.00019239364,0.000004904095,0.00014130137,0.000014341451,0.000029436513],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970409,0.0010826162,0.00090289424,0.00024958854,0.0005664047,0.00015759245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974178,0.00048871496,0.0009204516,0.00039568412,0.00070967636,0.00006766574],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033818353,0.00012313965,0.00052698434,0.001142206,0.000060292885,0.000013302238,0.0002877652,0.000087415814,0.0003161027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002562953,0.00011962203,0.00007596256,0.000982941,0.00010619256,0.000094754316,0.00009409247,0.00044257185,4.537826e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0028235705,0.0047535975,0.20685238,0.00020815317,0.0022891066,0.00036779518,0.7057719,0.062317453,0.006215712,0.0009166739,0.00009662215,0.007387002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004090261,0.001143206,0.22173463,0.00020884334,0.0034765867,0.00010965318,0.70049334,0.0671675,0.00007614962,0.0010546937,0.00010918378,0.00033594717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012981194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004361696,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014882246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000108403714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012254748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4878045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4368367911","doi":"10.1515/jjl-2023-2008","title":"Verb repetition as a template for reactive tokens in Japanese everyday talk","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Japanese Linguistics","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Verb; Linguistics; Repetition (rhetorical device); Psychology; Meaning (existential); Philosophy","score_opus":0.05461965406730561,"score_gpt":0.32878933619205475,"score_spread":0.2741696821247491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4368367911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8578875,0.00026946136,0.0000049076457,0.00072381925,0.0025499947,0.00032819618,0.00010070621,0.00008525527,0.13805012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905869,0.00010029489,0.00021331194,0.00013194178,0.0022388722,0.000015481066,0.000045483164,0.000034481658,0.006633279],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985159,0.000089183006,0.0006804841,0.0001379442,0.00031285087,0.00026362343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973349,0.0006529096,0.00054891186,0.00032016807,0.0010613118,0.00008181841],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007514313,0.0001693025,0.0003417404,0.00035923143,0.00018716243,0.00019612694,0.00033347396,0.00007510951,0.00020379575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0032155125,0.00014334531,0.0001587749,0.00013431332,0.00015369017,0.00016870133,0.000057294197,0.00033177348,0.00007154397],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010768294,0.0006137114,0.0002272048,0.00038046442,0.00039133208,0.00099685,0.79537195,0.0008896701,0.001424112,0.17061049,0.027511084,0.00050632097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028605831,0.0008836762,0.0007482002,0.0007877353,0.00024459284,0.00023292276,0.42419088,0.000648943,0.0004719428,0.041772895,0.5264525,0.0007051507],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048774882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007520622,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4989414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000098963785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014116247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5845452},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}