{"meta":{"query_hash":"30057eccc998","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Laser Applications"},"cohort_total":39,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":39,"exported":39,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/30057eccc998","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?venue=Journal+of+Laser+Applications"},"results":[{"id":"W1973162550","doi":"10.2351/1.1620006","title":"Physics, chemistry, and laser microprocessing","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Welding; Wavelength; Materials processing; Microsystem; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Engineering physics; Optics; Physics; Metallurgy; Engineering; Process engineering","score_opus":0.0060206475110592015,"score_gpt":0.22196938471870553,"score_spread":0.21594873720764632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973162550","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6290531,0.0006924673,0.3666209,0.000548403,0.000082650244,0.00017210448,0.000017625554,0.00036014555,0.0024526136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9735694,0.00009226206,0.025948295,0.000040726496,0.0002817884,0.000014354563,0.0000024260135,0.000024728106,0.000026054118],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995264,0.0000024925143,0.0002203906,0.000066880275,0.00008577143,0.000098067314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963915,0.0000087782155,0.0000870572,0.00010743312,0.000092380615,0.00006521983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007207464,0.00008877146,0.00012053906,0.00001763375,0.000054446627,0.00007006114,0.00012641044,0.0000458335,0.000010849197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005416854,0.000082133905,0.000028577979,0.0001093964,0.0000435448,0.00018553725,0.000018293285,0.00012353474,0.0000047568624],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014647443,0.00014335928,0.00015402102,0.0006552719,0.00007676176,0.000011220894,0.00032961613,0.009340561,0.9638446,0.00020833102,0.0021739374,0.02304767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002935657,0.00000969857,0.00007146387,0.000078712554,0.000028077782,0.000078445126,0.000021840637,0.00011311779,0.97301704,0.016002204,0.010168634,0.00011722824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000197825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.5809375e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34451628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052500156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035191028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33493236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995564898","doi":"10.2351/1.3485596","title":"Laser lap welding of zinc coated steel sheet with laser-dimple technology","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Laser beam welding; Welding; Electric resistance welding; Butt welding; Sheet metal; Arc welding; Coating; Metallurgy; Gas metal arc welding; Composite material","score_opus":0.007315793917395234,"score_gpt":0.23849887083183616,"score_spread":0.23118307691444093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995564898","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849818,0.00009107716,0.010860129,0.0005629382,0.00008313308,0.0002507434,0.000036439742,0.00024327716,0.0028904919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851208,0.00009930933,0.014485041,0.000014890885,0.00011360226,0.000041844327,0.000004908227,0.000032198528,0.00008745866],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991612,0.000007701931,0.00038616572,0.00009771034,0.00016762747,0.00017961065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991569,0.00006679353,0.00019438547,0.00028947502,0.00020805435,0.00008438601],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013639237,0.00013166059,0.00024643465,0.0002453913,0.000070839684,0.00002106657,0.00032611104,0.00015715488,0.00008692049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015901905,0.00010148686,0.00006043656,0.0004676046,0.00009181229,0.00010412263,0.000037109163,0.00047538365,0.0000068175577],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021046023,0.0016125613,0.039714374,0.000885483,0.0013901026,0.00015482139,0.00042269216,0.13688579,0.68541086,0.008458343,0.09815692,0.026697611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004426775,0.00013007884,0.0010183292,0.000075019474,0.00007258944,0.00014214363,0.00009180465,0.0003048839,0.9096934,0.0011449041,0.086705014,0.00017912207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014783921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009608645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22428259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021368447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000379273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4138514},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996904761","doi":"10.2351/1.1848524","title":"Thermodynamics and laser material processing","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Materials science; Laser; Thermodynamic equilibrium; Heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Context (archaeology); Equilibrium thermodynamics; Work (physics); Materials processing; Entropy (arrow of time); Entropy production; Physics; Optics; Process engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.005718932381280294,"score_gpt":0.22697379009736057,"score_spread":0.22125485771608028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996904761","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.917478,0.0002867759,0.078099586,0.0005786916,0.00011340071,0.00021926698,0.00002849062,0.0003643767,0.0028313696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97670025,0.000081085745,0.022639448,0.000055095003,0.00043758567,0.00002315613,0.0000030848416,0.000028949624,0.000031370884],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994361,0.000007924989,0.0002834729,0.00006469588,0.00009888259,0.000108932334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964756,0.000010985152,0.000096611126,0.000101216356,0.00008155309,0.00006205929],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012796228,0.00009369533,0.00012938317,0.00007173079,0.000056268178,0.000101537764,0.00013828892,0.00005652265,0.00003558379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000039056017,0.000080912,0.000024005863,0.00008844082,0.00003447096,0.00031360114,0.000020382753,0.00010236774,0.000005547223],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013216147,0.0003619356,0.00047417753,0.0009908506,0.00016811478,0.000016054759,0.0012345245,0.018160101,0.47762862,0.0012597899,0.0112951575,0.4882785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011137363,0.00011745124,0.001716502,0.00027241206,0.0001957855,0.00051546807,0.00012447871,0.047337368,0.71664447,0.015375408,0.21578702,0.0007999251],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.9173907e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023566845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48747858,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047000638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022724622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3299496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998451529","doi":"10.2351/1.1356420","title":"The effects of Ni and Au/Ni platings on laser welding of thin sheets","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Metallurgy; Welding; Plating (geology); Ultimate tensile strength; Heat-affected zone; Aluminium; Nickel; Flash welding; Composite material; Base metal; Laser beam welding; Alloy; Shear strength (soil); Gas metal arc welding","score_opus":0.005609603539435894,"score_gpt":0.23063906417614588,"score_spread":0.22502946063670998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998451529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99436486,0.00046474856,0.0023344606,0.00026365914,0.000069635455,0.00016214712,0.000003731858,0.000028755241,0.002307991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976063,0.0010198564,0.001197614,0.00001244653,0.000086160064,0.000013055985,4.3571066e-7,0.000011711078,0.000052468582],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943745,0.000012300427,0.0002762296,0.000047799862,0.0001320943,0.000094101095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926555,0.00035251275,0.00015548943,0.00012743792,0.000056722067,0.00004230516],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016326451,0.00007130987,0.00013611237,0.000058996902,0.00007789016,0.000013317194,0.00013838767,0.000046993344,0.000005351623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004826075,0.000047092024,0.000043120035,0.00012409393,0.000036284528,0.0000494674,0.00001958246,0.00014972377,7.5576816e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056966447,0.0016557309,0.06894566,0.0052409405,0.0019413005,0.00011490909,0.0059697605,0.35147062,0.21896832,0.012009124,0.14097391,0.19214007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006644594,0.00036379736,0.021157818,0.0007341944,0.00011129732,0.00007198362,0.00016680005,0.00072903826,0.9426443,0.0038825572,0.029268285,0.0002054936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001795077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011401687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72367597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002098854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011665782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19203569},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003362327","doi":"10.2351/1.1494082","title":"Effects of laser welding parameters on magnetic materials with the aid of a mechatronic measuring system","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Laser; Ferromagnetism; Nd:YAG laser; Magnetization; Composite material; Magnet; Metallurgy; Magnetic field; Optics; Mechanical engineering; Condensed matter physics","score_opus":0.008629132478067278,"score_gpt":0.18408375157489335,"score_spread":0.17545461909682608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003362327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889552,0.00080403447,0.009199846,0.00014625721,0.000059331593,0.00039483834,0.0000074008008,0.00005748181,0.00037561162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99752045,0.00017782272,0.0021522527,0.000006168109,0.000047807313,0.000057927915,2.6693712e-7,0.000019893496,0.000017385788],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928313,0.00003190535,0.0003091139,0.00006128628,0.00019946267,0.0001151176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934417,0.00017184783,0.00020568202,0.00017836312,0.000062548235,0.00003739712],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016122144,0.0000991669,0.0002227629,0.0000893518,0.000041854535,0.00001673559,0.00020356201,0.000042723415,0.000014027881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008561707,0.000060327362,0.000060609953,0.00015094643,0.00003151344,0.00004379827,0.000013646679,0.00011479517,0.0000026224384],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023440756,0.0006604683,0.00033067906,0.008674356,0.0010690787,0.000053177166,0.00096608564,0.63883686,0.33090833,0.0027885544,0.009133049,0.006344964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028892324,0.00022308229,0.00018217364,0.0005672617,0.000120305886,0.000031244228,0.00007284882,0.00020516841,0.9973148,0.00005187541,0.00086549844,0.000076823344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000060219027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018750574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66640645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044022105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059105023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24600784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009002522","doi":"10.2351/1.2164474","title":"Optical viewport assembly for eye-safe monitoring of thin film deposition","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Incandescent light bulb; Viewport; Deposition (geology); Thin film; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Optics; Computer science; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.01454694102016863,"score_gpt":0.29521103774865565,"score_spread":0.280664096728487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009002522","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86511904,0.00007657061,0.13236842,0.00060576183,0.00009945967,0.00024700328,0.000019282952,0.000012400869,0.0014520539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.837423,0.0000051660736,0.16196972,0.000024108842,0.00038989217,0.00004685434,0.000003575153,0.000008836289,0.00012885332],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889225,0.000014627539,0.00061091344,0.000103545935,0.00024141735,0.00013722091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879646,0.00017093486,0.00045318512,0.00012115154,0.0003934628,0.00006479247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047947752,0.00007595511,0.00019059645,0.0000473119,0.000106958556,0.000048034144,0.000166362,0.00005398156,0.00002154549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006725905,0.00006211693,0.00010771625,0.00011771538,0.000041914405,0.00018121478,0.000020504238,0.00009125564,0.000012230927],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027033053,0.00021301936,0.0018392784,0.000053712214,0.000006499187,0.0000012532179,0.000034445977,0.0015120743,0.9866671,0.00810461,0.00086878426,0.00067217316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033645378,0.0001662232,0.0072043636,0.000069411566,0.00007224046,0.00001809701,0.000075755655,0.0006951676,0.9840249,0.0043447437,0.0028913678,0.000101274716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010257986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022121735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029601306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029313209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004927383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2533055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010761804","doi":"10.2351/1.521927","title":"Free-form laser consolidation for producing metallurgically sound and functional components","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Alloy; Metallurgy; Superalloy; Laser; Indentation hardness; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.019243337261057612,"score_gpt":0.22909866372368723,"score_spread":0.2098553264626296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010761804","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9071173,0.00014007161,0.09085749,0.0002763971,0.000097713535,0.00030552346,0.000155506,0.00004555727,0.0010044156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964843,0.00008482907,0.0027620532,0.00004407379,0.000335607,0.00005078712,0.000043621665,0.000014902644,0.00017981631],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994771,0.0000065787112,0.0002522935,0.000078569334,0.000095281444,0.00009019706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959606,0.00008594627,0.0000719235,0.00009068134,0.000100216654,0.0000551714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001382523,0.00008062561,0.0001289949,0.00004545044,0.00009395139,0.00005327956,0.000069374415,0.00003181571,0.0004660478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012961813,0.0000688316,0.000037813705,0.000045664365,0.000026794844,0.00017916244,0.00000820865,0.00006512251,0.000010872956],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019698439,0.0017326456,0.0017155628,0.004026843,0.0032919035,0.000023565204,0.0028328903,0.5070195,0.16850698,0.0071905754,0.09725625,0.20443341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030493997,0.0001878108,0.02837079,0.00009196919,0.0003327394,0.00027996209,0.000086317945,0.0036055509,0.18482073,0.051733892,0.72685033,0.0005905159],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000010659226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021788248,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6295941,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001881322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010480078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5102896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012369645","doi":"10.2351/1.4917043","title":"Morphology based statistical analysis of nanosecond pulsed laser texturing of the multicrystalline silicon","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Fluence; Laser; Surface roughness; Silicon; Surface finish; Pulse duration; Optics; Nanosecond; Wavelength; Profilometer; Irradiation; Optoelectronics; Composite material","score_opus":0.015678279833781783,"score_gpt":0.25901006903733714,"score_spread":0.24333178920355536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012369645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83360004,0.00006454369,0.16550332,0.00012827365,0.0000668462,0.00017853535,0.0001933876,0.000041705152,0.0002233269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869663,0.000004014203,0.012896027,0.000032771524,0.00003651661,0.000016996546,0.000013847019,0.000017439168,0.000016093405],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893,0.000045306806,0.0006289104,0.000081504724,0.00020166134,0.00011263088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988702,0.00012956896,0.00031180948,0.0002957242,0.0003105267,0.000082156286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003199336,0.00010073942,0.0003477143,0.00017700787,0.000022599113,0.000012683132,0.00030419003,0.00007239543,0.00008016608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008041749,0.00007396599,0.0001127421,0.00050585374,0.000098376775,0.00007773873,0.00003027731,0.00013761438,0.0000014623631],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011016807,0.00043422045,0.0054630223,0.00031053054,0.00094121596,0.0000074133395,0.0002748548,0.3810607,0.6063148,0.00030701215,0.0033475182,0.0014285885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008723013,0.00008365423,0.00886439,0.00005179191,0.0010708267,0.0000119072365,0.00006194621,0.07577299,0.9094869,0.0012857944,0.0022698822,0.00016762338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015190331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018677832,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3052877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005471541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007803312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30162457},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012574291","doi":"10.2351/1.3567955","title":"Automatic real-time guidance of laser machining with inline coherent imaging","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Machining; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Materials science; Optical coherence tomography; Image processing; Optics; Computer science; Electrical discharge machining; Laser; Computer vision; Physics; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.010588142418860138,"score_gpt":0.2265096547385929,"score_spread":0.21592151231973278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012574291","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8352616,0.0003325134,0.1280372,0.00023251402,0.000058601447,0.00090970297,0.00007432356,0.00035621316,0.03473733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91829854,0.000044199216,0.08137485,0.000017221953,0.00005734581,0.00013154745,0.0000055449063,0.000037358106,0.0000333893],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873394,0.000022718716,0.000676795,0.00012266406,0.0002455258,0.00019837642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987609,0.00010416292,0.00031937164,0.00039574088,0.00027061524,0.00014920316],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023395424,0.00016236537,0.00028659846,0.00019168737,0.000058396115,0.000018032328,0.00035445375,0.00004218146,0.00024153237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012056941,0.00013647905,0.00009938005,0.0005616655,0.000108892214,0.00020573585,0.000024500989,0.00023456258,0.00004572895],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00054323726,0.008608344,0.24616072,0.0033281678,0.0047711954,0.00016632742,0.012177303,0.10448394,0.29778907,0.047171,0.022619467,0.25218123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0067699836,0.0011972591,0.34820944,0.0021461383,0.0023700283,0.00086324185,0.0018272446,0.40047795,0.1957837,0.019975565,0.017267266,0.0031121825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012621265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000066414163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29599398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044372016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049636332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55654544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015825831","doi":"10.2351/1.3184433","title":"Infrared observations and finite element modeling of a laser transmission welding process","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence; Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Materials science; Laser beam welding; Laser; Welding; Optics; Finite element method; Beam (structure); Composite material","score_opus":0.016168131249685705,"score_gpt":0.245993539469124,"score_spread":0.2298254082194383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015825831","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16647886,0.00034069704,0.8321801,0.0001325271,0.000011387521,0.00019843287,0.000054825494,0.000060506325,0.00054271676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882819,0.00029920126,0.011304082,0.00003621244,0.000033985147,0.000022839247,0.000003842687,0.000008697264,0.0000092165255],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993616,0.0000073686033,0.00035825308,0.000054645076,0.00013578018,0.00008237223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956334,0.00004039613,0.00008858955,0.00009229149,0.00015420139,0.00006117592],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015892103,0.00007585178,0.00012876754,0.00012840293,0.000050781626,0.000012509028,0.00009782436,0.000045581357,0.000011981454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000721725,0.00006902218,0.000054319593,0.00023561517,0.000011062461,0.0001339892,0.0000030846059,0.00013131578,6.952759e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000312315,0.00015226057,0.00022502345,0.00017771755,0.00006727073,0.0000014521537,0.001320331,0.9560075,0.02565078,0.00038611385,0.00039193386,0.0155883785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011245944,0.00028866323,0.0021461532,0.0006100405,0.00028061538,0.00003326813,0.00060602877,0.75806826,0.14656375,0.07922645,0.010616639,0.0004355086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.0468897e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.895147e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8218031,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013996773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022278286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28146428},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020297181","doi":"10.2351/1.2402518","title":"Three-dimensional numerical approach for geometrical prediction of multilayer laser solid freeform fabrication process","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Discretization; Fabrication; Intersection (aeronautics); Thermal; Layer (electronics); Computer simulation; Substrate (aquarium); Material properties; Numerical analysis; Composite material; Mechanics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.01404088164166144,"score_gpt":0.24248442313894483,"score_spread":0.22844354149728338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020297181","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09625367,0.000097715754,0.9025463,0.000038763425,0.00008629028,0.00036576935,0.00026659292,0.00004944046,0.000295475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794545,0.000007592071,0.019573925,0.000010834926,0.0005947064,0.00019226292,0.00012073166,0.000026127547,0.0000192999],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893326,0.0000063081866,0.0005546558,0.0001174546,0.00024007223,0.00014827593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989835,0.00010371574,0.00026182862,0.00011958507,0.00047185193,0.000059534574],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016508203,0.00012565091,0.00024203095,0.0001795938,0.00007002118,0.000020663156,0.00015005807,0.00008402687,0.000036969897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032441207,0.000103769205,0.0000956847,0.0002908941,0.00003387235,0.00017868179,0.000012288718,0.00011466511,0.000003314728],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017631905,0.0011170508,0.0024166342,0.0009462411,0.00021082754,9.886148e-7,0.000079129095,0.9553465,0.012166762,0.00031176436,0.017739965,0.009487809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019591593,0.0003104666,0.046183985,0.00006535278,0.00027049767,0.000073662566,0.000058071637,0.20107716,0.7221599,0.0092122685,0.018183755,0.00044572575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000072402227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012693669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8832008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050065748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034761648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42315853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026509806","doi":"10.2351/1.4729169","title":"Laser hole sealing of commercially pure grade 1 titanium","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Electrolyte; Titanium; Laser drilling; Coalescence (physics); Laser ablation; Penetration depth; Composite material; Process window; Welding; Penetration (warfare); Ablation; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Optoelectronics; Optics; Drilling; Electrode","score_opus":0.017328612798765467,"score_gpt":0.2642272789298887,"score_spread":0.2468986661311232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026509806","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6761134,0.0012844945,0.3108154,0.001110786,0.00079791393,0.00062620477,0.00012612366,0.00056923606,0.008556422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98079854,0.00005794633,0.018595682,0.000052660165,0.00041513462,0.000014825741,0.000005278251,0.000030868996,0.000029034438],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992105,0.000017630136,0.0003949847,0.000046679812,0.0001649873,0.00016527055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993717,0.000036355563,0.00017285245,0.00018416782,0.0001319626,0.00010296214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027830063,0.00009809469,0.0001923062,0.00009516682,0.000043577755,0.00002370677,0.00023516722,0.00007358033,0.000039968356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009488887,0.0000891887,0.00006909115,0.00018091162,0.000032909644,0.00029498842,0.000026110905,0.0001695498,0.00001604584],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006829523,0.0015369665,0.010502881,0.0014506553,0.00057474576,0.0000105543695,0.001954705,0.0152748795,0.7963511,0.007093667,0.1460844,0.019097192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033185678,0.00004292456,0.0020998947,0.00010498175,0.00011706424,0.000041118714,0.00008612051,0.00046487362,0.91528964,0.0021472531,0.079043984,0.00023027258],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000030543156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022126037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30468515,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047348996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002627768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.363701},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029419725","doi":"10.2351/1.3367750","title":"Finite volume model for laser-soot interaction for a laser transmission welding process","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Materials science; Laser; Laser beam welding; Welding; Soot; Composite material; Incandescence; Microscale chemistry; Plastic welding; Finite element method; Optics; Combustion; Structural engineering; Filler metal; Arc welding","score_opus":0.030010591237656835,"score_gpt":0.3409452941487123,"score_spread":0.31093470291105546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029419725","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13929065,0.0000062827366,0.85842705,0.0011711135,0.00010729261,0.0007006658,0.00006195829,0.000021522428,0.0002134465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8806267,0.000009626314,0.11720472,0.00008302982,0.00028549132,0.00038581516,0.000013910619,0.000042029198,0.0013487064],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989696,0.000012644823,0.0005339091,0.00014942783,0.00015388128,0.00018052795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982077,0.00051502767,0.0004565439,0.00021022145,0.0004843733,0.00012614088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054027606,0.00013412285,0.0002277449,0.00012483475,0.00016641489,0.000049867285,0.00023633285,0.00011181149,0.00004026352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016657852,0.000113490234,0.00021261549,0.00010508369,0.000026950192,0.00017577822,0.000011583496,0.0002989355,0.0000034626596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004594138,0.009900245,0.0007047774,0.0058170645,0.0012000542,0.00000980353,0.014201487,0.42732343,0.1029333,0.22226708,0.052752115,0.15829651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000989856,0.00009951841,0.000011954219,0.00006608694,0.00016757623,0.000025393896,0.00016915162,0.6097574,0.00555862,0.35670322,0.026306845,0.00014437655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.5465576e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014133249,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74133605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027909577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000907188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46279973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044473260","doi":"10.2351/1.1585087","title":"Three-dimensional finite element modeling of laser cladding by powder injection: Effects of powder feedrate and travel speed on the process","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Powder coating; Laser; Finite element method; Laser power scaling; Coating; Cladding (metalworking); Thermal; Metal powder; Composite material; Metallurgy; Optics; Structural engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.011023399907686532,"score_gpt":0.22701481278841731,"score_spread":0.2159914128807308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044473260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9637398,0.00027162782,0.03512162,0.000113183894,0.000078606136,0.00027053835,0.00004320563,0.000012172129,0.0003492603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995308,0.000041496343,0.00026591218,0.00004709771,0.000055491877,0.000020517553,0.00000451684,0.000018499943,0.000015673719],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992345,0.000021106844,0.00036273984,0.00008757841,0.00018519314,0.000108863096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992657,0.00024752182,0.00018483422,0.00009721732,0.00015993204,0.000044801593],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020354874,0.000120773366,0.00019603882,0.00006807877,0.000076221964,0.00001890665,0.00008374683,0.00004411853,0.00006065318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041705112,0.00008503795,0.000044006276,0.00011755735,0.000031863165,0.00008285642,0.000009020377,0.00013690045,0.000002045759],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000067587906,0.0001816135,0.00015816439,0.00076701894,0.0002525806,0.0000018211321,0.00038533245,0.9555493,0.040079426,0.0006080414,0.0015043028,0.00044481055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005829664,0.00014525333,0.0003130698,0.0002253594,0.00008554676,0.000019306392,0.00015441791,0.0145599125,0.9796264,0.0035547393,0.00057474046,0.00015826467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000026612386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018833925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9409894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017302133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026795666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3467747},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046813197","doi":"10.2351/1.3695174","title":"Femtosecond laser welded nanostructures and plasmonic devices","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Annealing (glass); Femtosecond; Laser; Irradiation; Nanoparticle; Plasmon; Nanostructure; Optoelectronics; Raman spectroscopy; Nanotechnology; Atomic diffusion; Welding; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.007728667284080133,"score_gpt":0.23242233448313435,"score_spread":0.2246936671990542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046813197","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943436,0.00095559953,0.0029226493,0.00014180117,0.00017964184,0.00013066805,0.00001590825,0.00014160742,0.0011685595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99233043,0.00010312809,0.0071451026,0.00007463749,0.00026233617,0.000022867525,0.0000027553945,0.000024086079,0.000034632973],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938726,0.0000120613395,0.00027602637,0.000057349458,0.000103214705,0.00016410177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954367,0.000041221618,0.00011031218,0.0001285317,0.000057163343,0.00011912293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001440569,0.00010772525,0.000151366,0.000088449015,0.000063401014,0.000060729504,0.00015116474,0.000069741014,0.00006700922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009009,0.00008984799,0.00003318434,0.00010153199,0.000035399433,0.00039379718,0.000025429446,0.0001406639,0.000012097548],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021933208,0.00078371953,0.07709186,0.0032415737,0.00135099,0.000028004602,0.0045728018,0.004619344,0.66595656,0.0072548855,0.15161836,0.0832626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041257121,0.00004311596,0.017893234,0.0000665713,0.00010391813,0.00023343625,0.00009181834,0.00015224944,0.825009,0.004634044,0.15105902,0.0003010662],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000016839766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055528303,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15905242,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029775925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015674634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36638948},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050749822","doi":"10.2351/1.4917346","title":"Spectroscopic monitoring of FeO fluorescence for laser treatment of steel surfaces in air","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Vaporization; Laser; Fluorescence; Laser-induced fluorescence; Absorption (acoustics); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Oxide; Optics; Composite material; Metallurgy; Chemistry","score_opus":0.03036275738025773,"score_gpt":0.29573245327871617,"score_spread":0.26536969589845844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050749822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99378884,0.00029528927,0.0052743843,0.00006182843,0.000099224664,0.00028830225,0.000020704389,0.000037798356,0.0001336052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9606564,0.00012321131,0.039018124,0.0000011135812,0.00009720937,0.000060977552,0.0000016073913,0.000015770325,0.000025584211],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992862,0.000010160591,0.00041793787,0.00006238137,0.0001199314,0.00010340207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941784,0.00004576239,0.00017314505,0.00014664706,0.0001626852,0.00005390735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014091092,0.00008741021,0.00023854214,0.000107642445,0.000012224339,0.000006746687,0.00014961057,0.000042764044,0.0000022603688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013020968,0.00007478937,0.00004686616,0.00015134098,0.00002689344,0.00012987203,0.000009163645,0.000042979536,0.0000010618179],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000281908,0.0013631278,0.083629765,0.0011479657,0.00022274641,0.0000074711857,0.0021774261,0.061745428,0.8365742,0.00040117095,0.0013197432,0.011129073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005718412,0.00021747824,0.004766547,0.00010165089,0.00002733503,0.0000026958896,0.00010101035,0.0006046794,0.9908995,0.0013364742,0.0013033608,0.00006742783],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001595686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000051080196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15432532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014119965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060551687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3049822},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051987577","doi":"10.2351/1.2795755","title":"Novel technique for laser lap welding of zinc coated sheet steels","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Metallurgy; Lap joint; Aluminium; Alloy; Electric resistance welding; Heat-affected zone; FOIL method; Laser; Boiling point; Composite material; Optics","score_opus":0.017518473299560775,"score_gpt":0.2784731971726265,"score_spread":0.2609547238730657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051987577","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03076628,0.00013551026,0.9657304,0.00012732444,0.000059201466,0.0005510849,0.000065341934,0.00010348353,0.0024613438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9215982,0.00009495257,0.07790064,0.000019414621,0.00017896146,0.000084722655,0.0000063838966,0.000031228865,0.00008547325],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991139,0.0000044510098,0.0005038327,0.0000736152,0.00013819773,0.0001659615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918437,0.00016835937,0.00019103053,0.0001637687,0.00021553952,0.00007693406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044815536,0.00010415376,0.00020455355,0.00016560785,0.000053297466,0.000014088017,0.0002230842,0.000109113455,0.000017520983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023887475,0.00009033261,0.00010905975,0.00024306978,0.00003128862,0.000084784864,0.000019651994,0.00016627787,0.0000011125039],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008489247,0.0004113274,0.0006361514,0.000493694,0.00023288898,0.000006369564,0.000120099416,0.04936445,0.9164145,0.0023788703,0.027355649,0.0025010821],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002559956,0.00006103277,0.00032241756,0.000085669184,0.000038530237,0.00003509979,0.00003538397,0.00008251844,0.95053476,0.00086648844,0.04758074,0.000101368874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000667078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000927848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89083195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047147932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002162545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3683657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058954261","doi":"10.2351/1.2227007","title":"A two-dimensional thermal finite element model of laser transmission welding for T joint","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser; Laser beam welding; Finite element method; Laser power scaling; Thermal; Composite material; Optics; Structural engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.017346132046315185,"score_gpt":0.2481770008735482,"score_spread":0.230830868827233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058954261","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18086456,0.0003057719,0.817021,0.00039116896,0.000030880467,0.00033985093,0.00005894914,0.00006115394,0.0009266417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90344894,0.000035751014,0.096205205,0.000019239018,0.00014198593,0.000055500335,0.000008625702,0.00001989418,0.00006484814],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992135,0.000006595689,0.0004334841,0.000065817265,0.00015807177,0.00012249526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954265,0.00006576963,0.00012892681,0.00010022302,0.00011367371,0.000048780363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015205752,0.00009159042,0.00016052533,0.00008999664,0.000058466125,0.000010965157,0.00010651533,0.00004534708,0.00002558244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003186741,0.0000723012,0.0001316216,0.00008105424,0.000016495647,0.00006373747,0.000010914217,0.00010696591,8.127103e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013327196,0.00007029163,0.000019852738,0.00004870553,0.000021590362,4.5906282e-7,0.000014967976,0.9417009,0.053564325,0.0001955551,0.0031990174,0.0011510128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005931574,0.000060253453,0.00009612154,0.00010435654,0.000063027874,0.0000062337226,0.0000102899,0.24035394,0.74587595,0.0055262665,0.0071872417,0.00012317095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000073793367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021844912,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72258437,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003006199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025636815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29483572},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062299829","doi":"10.2351/1.3538988","title":"A practical use of humping effect in laser beam welding","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Laser; Cold welding; Electric resistance welding; Laser power scaling; Beam (structure); Optics; Composite material; Gas metal arc welding","score_opus":0.050509196208955096,"score_gpt":0.2967315090978968,"score_spread":0.2462223128889417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062299829","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95775664,0.00008644806,0.040533952,0.00009675665,0.000054289652,0.0002301215,0.000005546711,0.0000622376,0.0011740075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97541404,0.00014650582,0.024316587,0.000012455787,0.00005864881,0.000025261003,6.5562995e-7,0.0000152171615,0.000010655287],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936724,0.000019658022,0.00033944813,0.000055882632,0.000107844186,0.00010990708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944246,0.00020625402,0.000115484094,0.00012932857,0.00005340933,0.00005303926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020875821,0.00007587036,0.00017045485,0.00014314221,0.000021663149,0.000013417833,0.0001030654,0.000063560794,0.00003322361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005838968,0.00006246277,0.000065431435,0.00019236124,0.000023411285,0.000197094,0.000020797155,0.00022863096,0.000003308996],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001170767,0.0053327405,0.3079211,0.003881745,0.00224245,0.00084258075,0.0058734445,0.2652999,0.16951315,0.0073172217,0.17900364,0.051601283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033410836,0.00015534513,0.0114071565,0.000233503,0.00007165555,0.00006195845,0.00004033512,0.00032077427,0.9764172,0.00076098414,0.010045879,0.00015110798],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023881144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009663996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.806904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002974218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013719399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25471577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062754266","doi":"10.2351/1.2832869","title":"Nanostructure and sp1/sp2 clustering in tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin films grown by femtosecond laser deposition","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Raman spectroscopy; Amorphous carbon; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Carbon film; Thin film; Band gap; Pulsed laser deposition; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Carbon fibers; Amorphous solid; Ultraviolet; Sapphire; Substrate (aquarium); Silicon; Laser; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Optics; Crystallography; Chemical engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.008664485766486844,"score_gpt":0.2346826120300926,"score_spread":0.22601812626360576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062754266","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982087,0.00030152188,0.0002945687,0.00021488959,0.00013640102,0.00023512344,0.00007143298,0.000018342518,0.0005189924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979961,0.00014360675,0.0013781862,0.00013214441,0.00013900487,0.000043031494,0.000013579861,0.000020471049,0.00013390084],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986258,0.00008580717,0.00047638043,0.00021025824,0.00032893373,0.0002728153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925697,0.00007535349,0.000218919,0.00018741332,0.00009816642,0.00016317987],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003339145,0.00014651661,0.00025951618,0.00015224853,0.00013831556,0.000100293626,0.00023640828,0.00010521725,0.00019824597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023881603,0.0001245762,0.000050146078,0.0001985096,0.0001228022,0.00024586395,0.00006181792,0.00021816598,0.000010552646],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007595695,0.000093679475,0.0016517737,0.00004239879,0.000006822421,0.000056085224,0.00021252959,0.00034979725,0.9958634,0.000011667568,0.0013024182,0.0003335021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011017814,0.00015212342,0.0058604158,0.00006031799,0.000020858617,0.0005843151,0.00017560013,0.0005142188,0.9898397,0.00036701834,0.0010975734,0.00022611197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017433891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000111506364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0060237036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060094888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010068195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.508007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065152812","doi":"10.2351/1.1809633","title":"Comprehensive assessment of the CO2 laser cut quality of ceramics with different assist gas injection systems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Materials science; Nozzle; Ceramic; Laser cutting; Laser beam machining; Machining; Surface roughness; Mechanical engineering; Mullite; Laser; Process (computing); Surface finish; Work (physics); Quality (philosophy); Composite material; Process engineering; Engineering drawing; Metallurgy; Computer science; Optics; Laser beams; Engineering","score_opus":0.01926920983717341,"score_gpt":0.2882598612156802,"score_spread":0.2689906513785068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2065152812","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8995863,0.000039881234,0.09947511,0.00010774713,0.000118350676,0.00028942653,0.000039900784,0.000047576632,0.00029571092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99751645,0.000027368093,0.0023102092,0.0000110423,0.00006321944,0.000039390397,0.0000037704676,0.000019476935,0.0000090505],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988909,0.000048872353,0.000600681,0.00007371107,0.00029538688,0.00009044634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987135,0.00005156943,0.0005316113,0.00027349612,0.00038827278,0.00004156749],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001498054,0.0001155065,0.00029695276,0.0000657413,0.000054705073,0.000030087478,0.00022176726,0.000057528672,0.0000031422533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005821945,0.00007384744,0.00007412106,0.00019341269,0.00007761304,0.00010289392,0.00002823228,0.00018146331,3.3837668e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012301926,0.0009894312,0.02460988,0.002991302,0.0006307025,0.0000023238326,0.00049702375,0.76307803,0.19728352,0.008345286,0.000694769,0.0007546998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025892358,0.00054666173,0.23852387,0.0012988374,0.00038463785,0.00016211788,0.0006786131,0.004881625,0.740797,0.007237088,0.0023688308,0.0005314889],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000060197646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028086712,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7581964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019842568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007960695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3011411},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082970698","doi":"10.2351/1.3622200","title":"Direct manufacturing of net-shape functional components/test-pieces for aerospace, automotive, and other applications","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Aerospace; Near net shape; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Machining; Automotive industry; Consolidation (business); Impeller; CAD; Process (computing); Rapid prototyping; Engineering drawing; Manufacturing engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.03143852952876024,"score_gpt":0.22704645892871628,"score_spread":0.19560792939995603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2082970698","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3642771,0.0006788877,0.6255196,0.0002765303,0.00015221833,0.001089853,0.00040226008,0.0005342601,0.007069334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97886103,0.00007054834,0.020631716,0.00002039221,0.00010394853,0.0002009786,0.000006810004,0.000025794838,0.000078801684],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993152,0.0000073116557,0.00032198973,0.000117373296,0.000102600374,0.00013552676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992398,0.00020169248,0.0002094252,0.00018123796,0.00011450134,0.000053336753],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013152267,0.00012625525,0.00020423421,0.00015128114,0.00009506632,0.000014028987,0.00018470577,0.00006986854,0.000053463962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002412358,0.00011416661,0.00008221788,0.00008289289,0.00010789855,0.000086391476,0.00003806753,0.00014767167,0.0000069527014],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005875968,0.005417118,0.0960102,0.004571351,0.006007702,0.000013771582,0.0051473556,0.052415278,0.092487045,0.032049906,0.07885551,0.6264372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008272394,0.0001335675,0.07886959,0.000086789434,0.00016361737,0.00004326275,0.00032079508,0.0018750044,0.69376075,0.0062200963,0.21734944,0.0003498539],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000039495962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032330086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6260873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002380667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010592748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4655579},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084834633","doi":"10.2351/1.1418707","title":"Three-dimensional modeling of the gas field distribution of a high-pressure gas jet used in laser fusion cutting","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","keywords":"Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Materials science; Conical surface; Shock (circulatory); Shock wave; Physics; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.012041006198209175,"score_gpt":0.23664183067492817,"score_spread":0.224600824476719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084834633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8815553,0.00008683082,0.117594615,0.0004310046,0.000060404676,0.00015805147,0.00002618238,0.000033763652,0.000053816304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99713403,0.00003409501,0.0026937148,0.00001689656,0.000077121025,0.00001681119,0.000009261646,0.000014766207,0.0000032907278],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990086,0.000021060445,0.00054574193,0.00007916242,0.00022789546,0.00011757183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992587,0.00007331316,0.00023403927,0.00022151404,0.0001788324,0.000033633714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027577134,0.000098236254,0.00021022369,0.000071176146,0.000046252204,0.000013034966,0.00024559797,0.000087732806,0.00002422321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004413109,0.00007317073,0.00007317699,0.00028477894,0.00002380774,0.00014289473,0.00005660355,0.00020654128,8.435009e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000117112235,0.00026564833,0.009852684,0.0002906338,0.00007589757,0.0000046414425,0.0001444283,0.8730027,0.11068,0.00075483904,0.0021354978,0.002675921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008874023,0.000080880425,0.0028299505,0.0007186834,0.00013875344,0.00005335124,0.000038454087,0.45228466,0.5153316,0.026040453,0.0013646112,0.00023113101],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011117397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006725627,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.420718,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037814698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003700848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2983816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085535609","doi":"10.2351/1.1494079","title":"Application of experimental-based modeling to laser cladding","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Cladding (metalworking); Process control; Artificial neural network; Process (computing); Laser; Experimental data; Process modeling; Automation; Control engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Artificial intelligence; Work in process; Engineering; Optics; Control (management); Physics","score_opus":0.0190681756381828,"score_gpt":0.24438074798239318,"score_spread":0.22531257234421037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085535609","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25662965,0.00026528732,0.74155164,0.00011896175,0.00006286357,0.00020611078,0.000029061739,0.000047480702,0.0010889578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993566,0.000017320774,0.0060855886,0.00005530504,0.00015083271,0.00008311363,0.0000037928457,0.000021083612,0.000016971015],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934,0.000007855972,0.000346957,0.000075391334,0.00013071981,0.00009907006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954414,0.00003442381,0.00010181908,0.00014054224,0.00010365441,0.000075414915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008192109,0.000089832894,0.00015366187,0.00011355898,0.000042559594,0.000018468267,0.00014705415,0.000035702436,0.00019103246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007095494,0.00008501095,0.00005199423,0.00014271832,0.000011472065,0.000090785106,0.000011431892,0.000069746944,0.000039861672],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010620076,0.00008787398,0.000036594116,0.00007392625,0.000026015121,5.9546545e-7,0.00018696829,0.92354125,0.07086568,0.00007771851,0.001207673,0.00388506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022261683,0.000039721963,0.000043137334,0.0000344484,0.00002039885,0.0000046580153,0.000076612276,0.17598294,0.80906916,0.0001355295,0.014253482,0.00011728911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001922176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.254595e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74755836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039463648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000063179496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34666458},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087658132","doi":"10.2351/1.1536646","title":"Automatic detection of lack of fusion defects in CO2 laser gear welding","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Laser beam welding; Materials science; Automotive industry; Laser; Fusion; Mechanical engineering; Robot welding; Fusion welding; Automotive engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.016368651664650676,"score_gpt":0.2633522844653401,"score_spread":0.2469836328006894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2087658132","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.985032,0.0002255569,0.013718555,0.00001681612,0.00003695419,0.00013311478,0.0000029620596,0.000031229894,0.00080276135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957444,0.00022980633,0.0039654374,0.0000039088172,0.000022670214,0.000012736944,4.6950825e-7,0.000011942213,0.000008645907],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999328,0.00002312204,0.00039585022,0.000046576602,0.00012253158,0.00008387591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999532,0.000077257915,0.00017005434,0.00011405368,0.000071945535,0.0000347303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020167777,0.00006541941,0.0001698196,0.00016892007,0.000021449554,0.00000566323,0.0000878197,0.00006225899,0.00003069346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034558656,0.00005751503,0.00006211043,0.00029123682,0.00001875452,0.000065075685,0.000008929872,0.00013287387,0.000001888623],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034291847,0.00062506617,0.0128854895,0.0014483405,0.00017369786,0.000013421819,0.00056130794,0.34436065,0.6234867,0.0009626326,0.0021262974,0.013322094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025007426,0.00005682548,0.0047893696,0.00014895278,0.000028681041,0.000018852046,0.00006047467,0.001298814,0.98941284,0.0011047536,0.0027614722,0.00006889339],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010569502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021677148,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36592612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038147624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015799746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23453948},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088892733","doi":"10.2351/1.3554266","title":"Tolerances of joint gaps in Nd:YAG laser welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy with the addition of filler wire","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Joint (building); Ultimate tensile strength; Alloy; Composite material; Microstructure; Porosity; Metallurgy; Butt joint; Laser beam welding; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.016284788756359834,"score_gpt":0.21621916446107678,"score_spread":0.19993437570471695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2088892733","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98410714,0.0004773925,0.007884069,0.0006165412,0.00004839815,0.00039719985,0.0000666462,0.00005253548,0.006350055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99577224,0.00026834558,0.0037836132,0.00001622362,0.000052830743,0.000045243276,0.0000033641136,0.0000126158875,0.000045546123],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993585,0.00001583197,0.00033742533,0.00005585389,0.0001437636,0.00008862867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945664,0.00004262566,0.00020026501,0.0001614259,0.00010671205,0.000032299013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001297353,0.00007981677,0.00017571222,0.000083999344,0.000026987489,0.0000062381264,0.00016565224,0.000047508667,0.00015695882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005426938,0.000048797177,0.000057829166,0.00019254947,0.000058282745,0.00009238182,0.00001314755,0.00015348614,0.0000018365005],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000899909,0.0035589947,0.025814405,0.002353344,0.0016466762,0.00008164849,0.010683833,0.3101198,0.13929269,0.006003689,0.47248036,0.027064636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007754842,0.00030720432,0.040521465,0.0005922298,0.000101715894,0.000046995978,0.00074014784,0.00046154956,0.92105144,0.0017561385,0.03340253,0.00024311604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032779277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009126409,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7817587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016168084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018497414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19898911},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2312968814","doi":"10.2351/1.4944449","title":"Photonic nanomanufacturing of high performance energy devices on flexible substrates","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Graphene; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Femtosecond; Photonics; Laser; Optics","score_opus":0.008684966744568466,"score_gpt":0.20258435451821508,"score_spread":0.1938993877736466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2312968814","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967652,0.0001308094,0.0024342497,0.00009675728,0.000073004376,0.00003625834,0.000006557554,0.00008459855,0.00037255406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980129,0.00046078695,0.001394138,0.000007155201,0.000057198726,0.0000159538,4.525964e-7,0.000011485344,0.00003995791],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994783,0.000004777884,0.000282413,0.000053888285,0.00008054541,0.00010009035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999588,0.00005564194,0.00012330573,0.00016389968,0.000046073208,0.000023089136],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000088051216,0.000074880154,0.00014020981,0.00010211673,0.000030022244,0.0000114635495,0.0002122408,0.000046531048,0.00003832271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000041310154,0.000048602,0.000036352958,0.00007960028,0.000026689519,0.00010251299,0.000016102267,0.000043442713,0.000009545725],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043329248,0.000095382005,0.0028118237,0.0001989693,0.00014526848,0.000002248278,0.000035911453,0.01449418,0.8860181,0.007030787,0.00045048934,0.0886735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014388927,0.00004922328,0.006151792,0.0000813198,0.000009548143,0.000008285997,0.0000060798266,0.00004100433,0.9841245,0.0010833375,0.008239405,0.00006161901],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000536573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032885075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.098106384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026292348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013378805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1981932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2327094533","doi":"10.2351/1.4944101","title":"Laser localized coating of corrosion resistant metal over a steel weld bead","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Coating; Welding; Metallurgy; Corrosion; Laser beam welding; Galvanic corrosion; Galvanic cell; Joint (building); Composite material; Sheet metal; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.011284355037976512,"score_gpt":0.24839832264328404,"score_spread":0.23711396760530754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2327094533","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65847236,0.0008543128,0.33696362,0.0005399221,0.00016153613,0.00042411566,0.00013215566,0.00018680985,0.0022651602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99303514,0.0002792714,0.0063701444,0.000016023496,0.00010191593,0.00002167944,0.0000014855447,0.000020931855,0.00015342349],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991335,0.000017664033,0.00045073332,0.00007207019,0.0002053156,0.00012066676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992783,0.00014390795,0.00020735317,0.00017884317,0.00012079847,0.000070775626],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017644683,0.00009565123,0.00021026046,0.00009199198,0.000038552254,0.0000120565755,0.00017452505,0.00006600742,0.000087114524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026309654,0.00006021527,0.000108120876,0.00015505702,0.000042582582,0.000103128106,0.000028316335,0.00010768032,0.0000052991313],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000093935574,0.00019378413,0.001117472,0.00015599147,0.00011239113,0.000011011655,0.00009092428,0.0031455972,0.9606099,0.000879206,0.023577098,0.010012652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006761958,0.00010378345,0.0010999185,0.0003120755,0.0000844176,0.0000180107,0.00003949742,0.00022366944,0.9200113,0.00093537616,0.07635315,0.00014265234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008079111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010375774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33456275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044372708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021438887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24555075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2549467658","doi":"10.2351/1.4967510","title":"Factors controlling keyhole-induced porosity in cold wire laser welded aluminum","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Red River College","funders":"","keywords":"Keyhole; Materials science; Laser beam welding; Porosity; Welding; Weld pool; Metallurgy; Laser; Composite material; Plume; Aluminium; Heat-affected zone; Arc welding; Optics; Gas tungsten arc welding","score_opus":0.020166737311363692,"score_gpt":0.24994453935917757,"score_spread":0.22977780204781387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2549467658","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862561,0.00008854721,0.012197425,0.000582047,0.00008048469,0.00020922562,0.00002302312,0.000095045194,0.00046809838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99904305,0.00011697535,0.00053936953,0.0000249834,0.00013327942,0.000029140838,0.0000012196516,0.0000204792,0.0000914831],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991854,0.000016720594,0.00037753145,0.00008758687,0.0001605461,0.0001722201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940515,0.00013480723,0.00012065494,0.00016532502,0.00007690899,0.00009714595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015930501,0.00012024071,0.00022306648,0.00012025817,0.000050271676,0.000025660329,0.00022397898,0.00009748145,0.000033635308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002196936,0.000077385506,0.000087281325,0.00016448295,0.000020690402,0.00014221795,0.000019597008,0.00017773593,0.0000071410122],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082482824,0.00058296404,0.06586356,0.00015614823,0.0003138465,0.000058698184,0.00037865102,0.012741371,0.88430494,0.001031814,0.02496485,0.009520704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090240187,0.00005587322,0.01148941,0.00016341206,0.00003325135,0.00000859218,0.00006281137,0.00007944674,0.96251965,0.00063177996,0.023851521,0.00020186334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000132894975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000045473997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07821473,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009363114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023636094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31556892},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807875584","doi":"10.2351/1.5040641","title":"Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic functionalized surfaces by picosecond laser texturing","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Superhydrophilicity; Silicon carbide; Laser; Wetting; Substrate (aquarium); Silicon; Contact angle; Adhesion; Composite material; Laser ablation; Nanotechnology; Optics; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.01278573099492454,"score_gpt":0.24542798398965038,"score_spread":0.23264225299472585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2807875584","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946568,0.00076890126,0.001984347,0.00088456436,0.00022375137,0.00024594888,0.000068034155,0.00004614777,0.00112153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965357,0.00016276565,0.0011439536,0.00040633694,0.0003072494,0.000034097942,0.000010950574,0.000026121674,0.0013727954],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99826974,0.00010796578,0.0006398518,0.00031938535,0.00038853835,0.00027453722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99857324,0.00016817653,0.00024965918,0.00035801434,0.00039751432,0.00025337466],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061468955,0.00020050161,0.00032237815,0.00013531852,0.00038881102,0.00014589567,0.0003297883,0.00010380827,0.003771653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043764274,0.0001697258,0.00009649216,0.00028201294,0.0003862665,0.0004373253,0.000066082896,0.000194174,0.00041356802],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000069783135,0.00020691953,0.0017458608,0.000017665312,0.000027524127,0.0000025161557,0.00032433448,0.00010262772,0.9909885,0.00014776073,0.005734099,0.0006324118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017209797,0.00027565143,0.0044723065,0.000029170618,0.00008996675,0.00024104532,0.00038921245,0.00068781094,0.6383962,0.0012598734,0.3520008,0.0004370075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035739966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019172938,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35259232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007003958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009878959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99713904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2809677633","doi":"10.2351/1.5040645","title":"Single pass laser cold-wire welding of thick section AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada; Bombardier (Canada); National Research Council Canada","funders":"Transport Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Laser beam welding; Heat-affected zone; Electric resistance welding; Composite material; Cold welding; Disk laser; Metallurgy; Fusion welding; Butt joint; Arc welding; Gas metal arc welding; Semiconductor laser theory; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.01361822480445565,"score_gpt":0.2431705626841567,"score_spread":0.22955233787970106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2809677633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9453406,0.0003246519,0.04484895,0.00068503246,0.00052264496,0.00037686242,0.00003250716,0.0002666901,0.0076021054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99203634,0.00014519045,0.0067040287,0.00003232118,0.00086299836,0.000021973787,0.0000025148997,0.000027644575,0.00016699235],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999143,0.000017395665,0.00040564255,0.00008853127,0.00019609608,0.0001493309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992054,0.0000686026,0.00019536848,0.00019638393,0.00025514732,0.000079099664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018271129,0.000110063884,0.00018644737,0.00012325034,0.000095895746,0.000029758907,0.0002052568,0.00011553725,0.00007277004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019005593,0.000097061056,0.00009519956,0.0002680079,0.000066858534,0.00014070237,0.000028007515,0.00021189656,0.000010339399],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007638822,0.00080056145,0.004262671,0.00050964864,0.00053876097,0.000017773587,0.00083558506,0.036144935,0.69835377,0.0011967631,0.24941346,0.007849689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018838116,0.00016115129,0.00091243006,0.00010887334,0.000054188007,0.000034830704,0.00008316067,0.00030437874,0.7842571,0.00045184194,0.21331516,0.0001285089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001359179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002781375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08590333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000067993904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023357115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39580348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3052839170","doi":"10.2351/7.0000183","title":"Analysis of overlapping rate of spot derived from ablated monocrystalline silicon by femtosecond laser","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Materials science; Laser; Centroid; Femtosecond; Monocrystalline silicon; Deflection (physics); Silicon; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Optoelectronics; Computer science","score_opus":0.011697375413232106,"score_gpt":0.22550774841218252,"score_spread":0.21381037299895042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3052839170","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9777185,0.0002531026,0.020761304,0.0002462769,0.000029694578,0.00013010178,0.0005506828,0.000028641849,0.00028170695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99850667,0.00019064992,0.00096586486,0.00009564106,0.000075025644,0.000007881929,0.000119778124,0.00002141143,0.000017078455],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987673,0.000035570596,0.00077245216,0.00013294455,0.00014847366,0.00014324469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988585,0.00020873347,0.00040920923,0.00021392135,0.0001505053,0.00015913244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013502201,0.0001496796,0.000534407,0.00016831708,0.000032725722,0.000016611782,0.00023593742,0.0000940954,0.0004269493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027307116,0.00014531503,0.00022507028,0.0009144449,0.000029889936,0.00015814335,0.000018711613,0.0002495283,0.00000850678],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004774658,0.000066603,0.000790221,0.000039114282,0.0013424212,0.000002434764,0.00023855979,0.11385509,0.8827598,0.000013874107,0.0006333087,0.00021080491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060633704,0.00006374242,0.0047359364,0.000022808674,0.0011016037,0.0000011637518,0.000111033616,0.048161425,0.9420627,0.00009750588,0.002883648,0.000152133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034304245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000035419194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06569367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003593655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003635182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5925775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3187585704","doi":"10.2351/7.0000353","title":"Weldability improvement by wobbling technique in high power density laser welding of two aluminum alloys: Al-5052 and Al-6061","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre Québécois de Recherche et de Développement de l'Aluminium; Cégep de Rimouski; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Weldability; Metallurgy; Laser beam welding; Heat-affected zone; Electric resistance welding; Aluminium; Undercut; Fusion welding; Ultimate tensile strength; 5052 aluminium alloy; Composite material; 6111 aluminium alloy","score_opus":0.005236396449881798,"score_gpt":0.2543356860839525,"score_spread":0.24909928963407071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3187585704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6000375,0.00021663962,0.39834327,0.0008783843,0.0000386158,0.00028834306,0.000020877176,0.000066420165,0.00010993869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.924975,0.00041044952,0.07429806,0.00014256756,0.000028569795,0.00008420432,0.000007993918,0.000028318398,0.000024861352],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985663,0.000029051076,0.00075025886,0.00021873365,0.00023025024,0.0002053673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886894,0.00012101989,0.0002514071,0.0003977808,0.00025620105,0.000104632665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056916487,0.00016879293,0.00039347803,0.000186868,0.000052263284,0.000024900362,0.00018689474,0.00008456185,0.00004941465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046679834,0.00017516848,0.00012010929,0.00050465524,0.000051138588,0.00020405342,0.00009034804,0.00038982378,0.0000010852905],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003687837,0.0005237797,0.014118518,0.00017357056,0.00032554794,0.000031751617,0.0001676021,0.045742285,0.92485577,0.00066499045,0.0076502603,0.005709023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050385494,0.0000746175,0.0007906007,0.0001009415,0.00008655453,0.00003600118,0.00012009135,0.0011613069,0.9783309,0.006703992,0.0118491845,0.00024196632],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004095344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000063745516,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32493746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019618774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033100343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7143163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224224321","doi":"10.2351/7.0000560","title":"Influence of low temperatures on mechanical behavior of laser welded dual phase steels","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Elongation; Composite material; Fracture (geology); Joint (building); Dual-phase steel; Tensile testing; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Martensite","score_opus":0.009713673067978795,"score_gpt":0.2734205846683697,"score_spread":0.26370691160039095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224224321","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989275,0.00006889365,0.00039330198,0.00009355713,0.000035595454,0.00021232713,0.00014813418,0.000035444533,0.00008526359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986478,0.000063963744,0.0010472247,0.000025993682,0.000056387013,0.00010686314,0.000005882509,0.000016498627,0.000029399207],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990641,0.000026222731,0.00044355198,0.000075241456,0.0002911145,0.00009979381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993539,0.00008031866,0.00019094163,0.00020029608,0.00011234191,0.00006223537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015496233,0.000091478796,0.00020633652,0.00012431068,0.00006701112,0.000008425973,0.00023651704,0.000043404616,0.00008686073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015283327,0.00007913675,0.000096728334,0.00023016734,0.000030228168,0.000058415568,0.00004659151,0.00032074505,0.0000010672635],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001665969,0.0017665442,0.0002868538,0.00016317704,0.000120880104,0.000041231873,0.00012529017,0.5878603,0.39826044,0.0010461134,0.009217306,0.0009452598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005548274,0.00041781762,0.00095492695,0.000052891144,0.0000626092,0.000051202933,0.00006471088,0.00007658605,0.99175805,0.00028994266,0.005616961,0.00009947335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000043739346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016857749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5934976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003720686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003290622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32271028},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283651012","doi":"10.2351/7.0000663","title":"Laser engineering of ITO/ZnO/ITO structures for photodetector applications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"ZnO doping and properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Materials science; Photodetector; Optoelectronics; Fluence; Laser; Responsivity; Band gap; Wavelength; Nanosecond; Nanomaterials; Optics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.015042195730321372,"score_gpt":0.24829978204874062,"score_spread":0.23325758631841925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283651012","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8165524,0.00093497185,0.17867786,0.0007292308,0.0005071225,0.0015082243,0.00070857845,0.000082549246,0.000299051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830752,0.00001463702,0.01528781,0.00007619652,0.00032417342,0.001010173,0.000008823535,0.000021495383,0.00018147881],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989962,0.000028950346,0.000442409,0.00013154007,0.0002501086,0.00015079026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99896973,0.0001475479,0.0003518228,0.00025860113,0.00020098989,0.00007128048],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033673883,0.000095878146,0.00019949471,0.00011804286,0.00024456912,0.00003155926,0.0004108648,0.000029442617,0.0002769311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027524487,0.00008364684,0.000114757844,0.00020537358,0.000036222773,0.00009182082,0.000065597655,0.00014270052,0.000007214546],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009546148,0.00019032035,0.00014617734,0.00016791042,0.00005785305,7.4972945e-7,0.00043543638,0.15011938,0.8402242,0.0020386945,0.0046198075,0.0019039998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052281254,0.00018077943,0.00024072283,0.000015569272,0.0000766063,0.000048079386,0.00032198636,0.002608194,0.6521215,0.0019822817,0.3417015,0.00017995936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011418467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023025207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3370817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005761983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001012229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3411019},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4328102250","doi":"10.2351/7.0000769","title":"Quality classification model with machine learning for porosity prediction in laser welding aluminum alloys","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Porosity; Welding; Materials science; Process (computing); Quality (philosophy); Laser beam welding; Machine learning; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Composite material; Engineering","score_opus":0.037086350175536596,"score_gpt":0.29156518540605414,"score_spread":0.25447883523051756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4328102250","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51857924,0.00006112035,0.47922558,0.0006463138,0.000052587537,0.00045466376,0.000048923284,0.0003597262,0.0005718359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99104303,0.00020079115,0.00819336,0.000011367538,0.00011585454,0.00015335169,0.000049775277,0.000024475143,0.0002079912],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922156,0.00001931163,0.0003622466,0.00010018064,0.00015544223,0.00014122884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994953,0.000095435586,0.00013758933,0.00011837429,0.00009942405,0.00005386953],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004531213,0.00009021354,0.00015010702,0.00016668391,0.00009516052,0.000026452015,0.00012155756,0.00007222428,0.000004926483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025267764,0.00007642249,0.00005264823,0.00033083174,0.000017752025,0.00014678587,0.000013770109,0.00024216356,0.000003102087],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028288641,0.00004329423,0.01147528,0.00006569287,0.00002478681,7.324353e-7,0.000090362955,0.9788998,0.005050569,0.00015700949,0.0031476524,0.0010165444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011031388,0.00015051241,0.066365264,0.00014644668,0.000067218265,0.00002002509,0.00028076893,0.8705417,0.036513068,0.0035335151,0.020972034,0.00030631735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000123520385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057810863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4724638,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081492435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023255292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31164187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394683235","doi":"10.2351/7.0001345","title":"Laser writing of memristive logic gates and crossbar arrays","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Crossbar switch; Memristor; Laser; Logic gate; Optoelectronics; Electronic engineering; Optics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.013617514530229117,"score_gpt":0.27153242332858774,"score_spread":0.2579149087983586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394683235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79053736,0.0030291965,0.20448238,0.00020212845,0.000119864,0.00013430747,0.000018615292,0.00009188982,0.0013842746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951562,0.00012968728,0.0044700536,0.00001689472,0.00017163914,0.0000054754537,0.0000010392616,0.000012025797,0.00003697151],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99950904,0.0000074787904,0.00026605694,0.000064620595,0.00006843114,0.00008434953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960077,0.00017530436,0.000055876844,0.000060776958,0.00006014598,0.000047112204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011649687,0.00006734019,0.00012246564,0.00006363351,0.00004937092,0.000024714042,0.00006447476,0.000026070911,0.000011884313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011487948,0.000057849327,0.000045747827,0.00015059362,0.000035454315,0.0001292348,0.000014516771,0.00018271257,0.0000045920287],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003464295,0.00012645622,0.0009629298,0.001484877,0.00037581005,0.000100459176,0.0018385508,0.43986708,0.45150524,0.011306306,0.00250714,0.0898905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059911876,0.00016776523,0.0018793932,0.0006937404,0.0001853777,0.00043369303,0.0011079815,0.05742807,0.88623387,0.023179136,0.027655773,0.00043610425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.3087243e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.0536708e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4347286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015925743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010161722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23590271},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398252234","doi":"10.2351/7.0001326","title":"Refining laser-induced dewetting for bimetallic Au–Pd nanoparticle synthesis on ZnO thin films: Optimizing fluence for substrate integrity","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","keywords":"Dewetting; Materials science; Bimetallic strip; Nanoparticle; Thin film; Substrate (aquarium); Fluence; Pulsed laser deposition; Nanotechnology; Excimer laser; Layer (electronics); Laser; Alloy; Semiconductor; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Metal; Metallurgy; Optics","score_opus":0.02933360364245603,"score_gpt":0.2724363340461689,"score_spread":0.24310273040371289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398252234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92463243,0.00019739864,0.07308963,0.0006023958,0.00038716706,0.00039005786,0.00012960061,0.00017236265,0.00039896296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9497878,0.00002679749,0.049458783,0.00005033629,0.00018482399,0.00035640298,0.000007609586,0.000055378292,0.00007209138],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988304,0.000017372466,0.00053213927,0.00018443732,0.00015380322,0.000281892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986127,0.0008166676,0.0001051393,0.00021079827,0.0001388947,0.0001157843],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007475859,0.00016706974,0.00023850317,0.00015673196,0.0001789777,0.00015853552,0.0002513543,0.000093017225,0.000012026218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015110525,0.00014982688,0.00020850773,0.00027821466,0.000019806092,0.00024017038,0.000016575645,0.00034855606,0.000017394377],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009045558,0.00018323622,0.00009214959,0.0006982904,0.0004891188,0.000014019767,0.00075715675,0.27062774,0.6740524,0.0191188,0.0020375913,0.031839028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025546984,0.00010600658,0.00007109317,0.00034164108,0.00013544974,0.000024124478,0.00017161858,0.74996156,0.2437823,0.0014164327,0.0035079408,0.0002264028],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009413084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017719713,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4793338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012462464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000087506116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61097634},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414062482","doi":"10.2351/7.0001806","title":"Influence of laser polishing and chemical etching on surface roughness, microstructure, and hardness of as-built Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Polishing; Laser; Surface roughness; Etching (microfabrication); Alloy; Isotropic etching; Surface finish; Hardness; Surface finishing","score_opus":0.004974913146073848,"score_gpt":0.23696395309001567,"score_spread":0.23198903994394182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414062482","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99865097,0.00033993582,0.00021501897,0.0002947407,0.000060670238,0.00019536607,0.00013650236,0.000022090215,0.000084707186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99902016,0.00022559862,0.0005212644,0.000086989785,0.000058621965,0.0000098937635,0.000013601744,0.00002165661,0.000042217693],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903107,0.000024372548,0.00045911732,0.00017341597,0.00016479679,0.00014720649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991859,0.00012558073,0.00024427252,0.00017915551,0.00019365977,0.00007141037],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001808476,0.00017359362,0.00033080732,0.000078854675,0.000070833274,0.00005703127,0.00017907334,0.00010188487,0.000016183645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000079140984,0.00015088687,0.00003898928,0.0001591765,0.00007765777,0.00024019972,0.00007233336,0.00022059023,9.368039e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007339688,0.000055803397,0.0010350947,0.00055652624,0.00007406727,0.0000012120402,0.00022507747,0.012013316,0.9840597,0.0000652543,0.0014826643,0.00035790598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042441534,0.000026018182,0.006898479,0.00025125835,0.00005467083,0.000010534125,0.000052019957,0.000049022103,0.9879291,0.00070425926,0.0034665712,0.00013362848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000041304207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034537254,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011964294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026873873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043587916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6152988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}